THE AGGRESSIVE POLICY AND MACHINATIONS OF AMERICAN IMPERIALISM AGAINST THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC PART II

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00373R000200090003-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 58
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 7, 2003
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: January 1, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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THE ENEMIES OF PEACE AND OF THE PEOPLE'S LIBERTY
2759
THE AGGRESSIVE POLICY AND MACHINATIONS
OF
AMERICAN IMPEIUALISM
AGAINST
THE R1IMANIAN PEOPLES REPUBLIC
Part II
15 'A
Published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of the Rumanian People's Republic
Bucharest 1952
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THE ACHIEVES QF FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
IN THE RUKLNIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
THE RIGHT TO ASSOCIATE
The main result of Rumaniats liberation by the Soviet
Army, of the Rumanian peoplets rising to fight.against Hitlerite
occupation, of the overthrow of Antonescu's.Fascist dictatorship
and of the Rumanian Army turning its arms against Hitlerite
Germany, was that the Rumanian people acquired the possibility to
dispose of .theii fate alone and create for themselves a truly
-democratic regime,
Avid for liberty, they enthusiastically and resolutely
set out on this path.
As events have shown, the U.S. Government, despite its
international undertakings and the ideals for which the peoples
of the world had sacrificed millions of their best sons, con-
tinuously raised obstacles in the path of the democratization of
Rumania, supporting by every means the old reactionary groups
and the Fascist remnants in Rumania in their desperate attempts
to take over power and deprive the Rumanian people of the freedoms
won.
The Yalta agreement, signed by the U.S., England and the
Soviet Union in April 1945, provided that:
"The establishment' of order in Europe.arnd,the recon-
struction of national economic life can be secured by
means which will allow the free peoples to destroy the
last. vestiges of Nazism and Fascism and to create for
'themselves democratic institutions of their free choice."
The Agreement recalled
"the right of all peoples to choose the form of gov-
ernment under which they want to live"
The U.S. Government sought by its interventions in the
internal affairs of Rumania, by the organization of plots and
espionage networks, to trample underfoot this fundamental right
of the Rumanian people to determine alone their form of government,
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in conformity with their democratic and peaceful interests and
aspirations.
In spite of the American imperialist policy, in the first
years of the existence of the democratic regime, the democratic
forces in Rumania succeeded in frustrating the Fascist and re-
actionary plots and in carrying out deep political, economic and
social reforms,
Fundamental changes occurred, concerning the economic
structure of the country itself as well as the form.of government.
The monarchy was liquidated and the Rumanian People's Republic
proclaimed, the big industrial, banking and.transport.enterprises
passed into the ownership of the people's State. The people's
democratic regime was installed in Rumania.
"The main change which has occurred in,our country
during this period - said the First Vice Premier of the
RPR Government, G,Gheorghiu-Dej - lies in the fact that
the people's forces, representing the overwhelming majority
of the people, have wrested State power from the hands of
the exploiting classes. The nature of our State is deter-
mined by the fact that political power is no longer in
the hands of the representatives of parasite big capital
or of the landowners, but in the hands of the represen-
tatives of the working class, of the working peasantry and
of intellectuals linked to the people."
The passing of State power into the hands of the represen-
tatives of the broadest popular masses, the effective creation of
a people's State, have fundamentally changed in Rumania the problem
of the rights and freedoms of its citizens.
The State has turned from an instrument to stifle and
liquidate civil rights into an instrument to strengthen and
guarantee democratic freedoms. and rights, to defend the latter
against their Fascist and reactionary enemies.
In the past, the reactionary parties in Rumania used the
State apparatus in order to repress the most elementary popular
freedoms, to drown worker and peasant movements in blood and to"
falsify and stifle the will of the popular masses.,
From the statistics of that time, one can see how far-
reaching was the falsification of the will of the masses,, In
1926, in Bucharest, the country's capital, out of the 210,000
electors entitled to vote, only 17,850 succeeded in securing re-
gistration on the electoral lists. In the end 8,070 electors
were able to vote, i.e. 4 per cent of those entitled even by the
law, which provided for great restrictions for the working people.
A reactionary politician, well-known for his cynicism. A,C.
Argetoianu, stated in Parliament:
"I have not known free elections in Rumania.' I have
taken part in so many elections, but I have not seen free
elections." (Meeting of the Chamber on February 19, 1933).'
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In 1932, the elections were carried out by Maniuts-party,'
On that date there were 9,784,000 adult citizens in Rumania.
.Of these, excluding women, who did not have the right to vote, as
well as military personnel, 4,220,731 were registered on the elec-
toral lists. But only 2,987,129 citizens were able to vote. The
National-Peasant list secured 1,203,070 votes, representing 12
per cent of the entire adult population of the country. In the
name of this infinitesiml minority, they nevertheless secured 274
mandates-in the Chamber, out of a total of 380. In 1932, the
Chamber had the following social composition: of 380 members,
235 were landowners, bankers and big industrialists, and the remainder
professional men in the service of the former. In the Senate, of
243 members, 142 were landowners, bankers or big industrialists.
There were also 25 metropolitan's and bishops as Senators de jute,
a few dozen generals, also as de Sure Senators, in addition to a
number of professional men, closely interested in big financial and
industrial business,; Such parliaments were a rule in old Rumania.
It is self-understood in whose interest and how such parliaments
and governments used State power. The political history of old
Rumania is one long series of bloody reprisals, of arbitrary acts
and terror.
In 1907, when the peasants rose all over the country asking
for land, after centuries of serfdom, 11,000 peasants fell under
the bullets of the troops of repression. .
The workerst movements after World War I ended in hundreds
of victims who fell under bullets and hundreds of workers imprisoned.
In 1929, the National-Peasant government drowned in blood
the strike of miners at Lupeni. According to official data, 25
workers were killed and 200 wounded,
In February 1933 the National-Peasant government criminally
repressed the workers: movement initiated against the plans for the
economic enslavement of the country by international big finance
and against the Fascist measures of the government, which had intro-
duced martial law, Hundreds of workers were killed at the Grivitza
Railroad Workshops and the workerst leaders were sentenced to years
of imprisonment. The heroic uprising of the Rumanian workers
'against Fascism aroused.the sympathy and solidarity of world democratic
opinion, which condemned the.dastardly act of the National-Peasant
government.
The peasants, who were fighting for economic rights and
political freedoms, also had their share of bullets and imprisonment.
The reprisal against peasants at Tatar-Bunar in 1924 - described
.by Henry Barbusse in his book "The Hangmen" - aroused world indig-
nation.
In 1936, more than'two hundred peasants in Dobrogea were
dragged before the military courts and flung in prison, The trials
and sentences of fighters against Fascism and war were innumerable.
The reactionary government which ruled the country banned
the activity of dozens of democratic organizations, flung the Rumanian
Communist Party into deep illegality, dissolved the Plowments Front,
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the United Labor Unions, the Peasant-Workers' Bloc, the Committee
against War, the organization of Hungarian Workers (NkDOSZ), the
Bloc for the Defense of Democratic Freedoms, the Arrti.Fascist Com-
mittees, the Democratic Students: Front and'numerous other organiza-
tions.
The censorship functioned all the time,.under all governments$
against the rare democratic press organs, which were seized and sup-
pressed one after the other, without justification.
In foreign policy, Rumania, under the leadership of the re-
actionary parties completely enslaved - as is well-known - to the
British, French and German Hitlerite governments, was a nest of
anti-Soviet acts of provocation.
Under the leadership of these parties, Rumania completely
lost its independence and national sovereignty.
PRE, SSE:
As far back as 1933, . Iuliu Maniu stated to the NEUE FREIE
"Rumania is a sword ready and capable at any time of defending
the old.,onntinetts"
This policy pushed Rumania into the war unleashed by Hitlerite
Germany against the USSR,
By installing the Fascist dictatorship and destroying demo-
cratic freedoms the reactionary and Fascist cliques flung the
Rumanian people, against their will, into the criminal war to loot
the Soviet peoples.- and invade Soviet territory.
This experience made the Rumanian people determined to remove
from power for ever the old reactionary and Fascist cliques, which
pushed them into the scurrilous anti-Soviet aggression, and to build
for themselves, in the circumstances created by the liberation of
the country by the Soviet Army and the overthrow of the Fascist
dictatorship, a truly democratic political and social order.
The democratic regime in Rumania and its State agencies are
the expression of the free choice and will directly expressed by the
overwhelming majority of the Rumanian people, The formation of
the Government of the Rumanian People's Republic falls under the
jurisdiction of the Grand National Assembly, the supreme organ of
State power, elected by universal, equal, direct and secret vote.
The Government in the Rumanian People's Republic is not brought to
power by the machinations of the big capitalist trusts, whose day
has gone for ever in the RPR, nor by other such obscure means,
The democratic regime removed from the outset all the re-
actionary illegalities and obstacles placed in the path of the free
exervise of the right to vote. The electoral law also grants the
right to elect and be eledted to women, to the young, to military
personnel and civil servants; thus the vote really becomes uni-
versal and is exercised by the broadest popular masses, formerly
deprived of this right.
In the 1946 elections, of the 7,859,212 persons registered,
6,934,583 went to the polls.
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In the 1948 elections, 7,661,031 out at 8
lectors went to the polls., The People's Democratic~Front r$soured
59,936 votes, iee, 93.2 percent. The more
went to tthan 7#00000o citizens
r0ality civil .9 Went Of the poUs are incontestable proof of the application in
,-
political rights, Such a massive participation
is evidence of the high level'of the consciousness of the Rumanian
people, who are not indifferent as to by whom and how they are ruled,
The RPR Constitution provides that:
"all citizens, irrespective of sex, nationality, race,
religion, education or occupation, including; service men,
magistrates and civil servants, have the vote and are eli-
gible for election to all State agencies"
The manner in which these provisions are translated into
reality was also illustrated at the December 3, 1950, elections
for the People's Councils, the first elections after the adoption
of the RPR Constitution;,. In these elections
took part, a number unprecedented in the politic9,437
al history eitizens
being 95.27 percent of the total number of persona d of R ia,
vote. it is self-understood that in the Grand National Assembly
of the RPR there are no landowners, bankers and big industrialists
like in the old reactionary parliaments but direct representatives
of the workers, peasants, soldiers. and intellectuals linked to the
people.
The People's Councils, local agencies of State power, include
more than l00,OOO deputies.
Out of these
peasants, 10,7 per cent workers 74,9 per cent are working
small craftsmen, Out of the total~n bercoftdeput es, t 12 per cent
come from the other nationalities living in the RPR, and 25.4 per
cent are women. Scientists
or peasants , writers,.-engineers and leading workers
, who have become known by their work and skill,
fessors and schoolteachers devoted to their mission, these areo-
the deputies of the Peoples Councils.
What are the duties of the People's Councils? The Law ro-
.vides that the local People's Councils, as organs of State power,
direct and lead economic, social and cultural activity, in accordance
with law and the orders of higher administrative agencies, They
draw up and carry out the local economic plan and budget, see to the
good administration of local property and enter _
tenance of public order, the defense of citizens1rights,etheirespect
- -
,E"Proposalsfornomination shall be----made----by---FM---Organization,----by----
labor unions' unions, youth and women's organizations, the PlowmentssFro t
the Hungarian Popular Union, scientific, cu
organizations ltural and cooperative
, other mass organizations
other nationalities, as well as and the Committees of the
in towns and villa es by electors peoplers assemblies
stitution, all citizens are conformity with Art icle 31 of the Con-
unhindered, by the press, meettiingguaranteed the right to make agitation
nB ..and other means,
"Both political and mass organizations, and,arty citizen ma
file objections against the admission'or rejection of any candidate.t,
(Articles 41, 50 and 51 of the Law for the Election of Deputies in
the People's Councils),
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and application of law, as well as the taking of measures necessary
for the good.progress of local administration..
Consequently there is no field of activ7.ty which is not led
on the local plane by the respective .People1s Douncil?.
The Peoplets Councils could not cope with their diversified
tasks, if they did not rely on the collaboration and support of the
broad masses of the working people.
The It Standing Commissions", made up of deputies of the People,a
Councils, work in collaboration with tens of thousands of
to settle permanent local problems regarding economy, health,
etc.
The Peoplets Councils also set up "citizens, committees" which
deal with occasional problems of local interest, where other hundreds
of thousands of citizens are drawn into the resolution of public
affairs. Thus a broad public active is created, which helps the
deputies in carrying out their tasks, welding the link between the
Peoples Councils and the popular masses,
The Councils hold popular meetings to,discuss and settle
problems of general interest. Citizens suggest solutions to the
deputies regarding the entire activity of the Councils, works of
public interest, the development of local resources and more important
State problems,
At popular meetings, the deputies submit reports on the work
performed, They are criticized by citizens for their weaknesses
and helped to settle the problems in which they require the support
of the masses.
The mandate can be withdrawn from any deputy of the People's
Councils it he does not fulfill his duties and obligations.
Thus, in the RPR, the people, having the broadest freedoms,
take an active part in the building of their new life.
Maybe that all this is inconceivable for the American rulers.
They do not in any way resemble what can be seen, for instance, in
the American Congress.
""In Congress, any informed observer can point out whole
rows of Senators whose votes are controlled by banks, enter-
prises of local public utility, by mining and ores companies
and other commercial concerns which play an important role
in State policy. There even exists:a lemonade company which
has its Senator. What formerly happened to a lesser degree
has now become something habitual."
These words were written by the reactionary journalist J.
Alsop it the NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE dated November 30, 1951.
The Rumanian people know that in the U.S, the dictatorship
of the monopolies, the will and unquenchable thirst for profits
of the various kings and princes of the trusts, crush the most
elementary civil rights, impose the laws for the oppression of the
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American people and war plans against the free peoples.
That is why the Rumanian people do not want such a regime
to be'installed in their country, as advocated by the American
rulers, the warmongers and the flotsam of Rumanian reaction sub-
sidized by the American government.
The American papers have written at length about the contribu
tion made by gangster Uinaggio to the presidential elections as
"supporter of candidate I-I.Truman,"
Millions of citizens in the U.S. cannot exerciser their political
rights. In the states of Georgia and South Carolina in the U.S.,
the electors must possess a minimum of property. , In the. states
of Alabama and Mississippi, the elector must prove that he has
.paid his taxes to date.
In other states the elector must have resided therein for
two years without interruption in order to be entitled to vote,
In 19 states one must know English in order to be entered on the
electoral lists. In'several Southern states in the U.S. a special
poll tax must be paid.
All these rest ctions'actually exclude people without pro-
perty, seasonal workers, those who barely know how to read and write,
immigrant workers, farm laborers, Indians and millions of Negroes
from the polls.
If a Negro has succeeded In overcoming these hard legal
barriers and reaches the polls, he is often lynched. Thus, in the
much-vaunted American democracy, in the November 7, 1950, elections .-
when participation at the polls was considered a record - out of
97,000,000 citizens entitled to vote in conformity with the American
Constitution, only 42,000,000 actually voted, i.e. 43 per cent.
Owing to the fact that the U.S. popular masses are prevented
from exercising their elementary political rights, political power
is actually exercised by American trusts and monopolies.
Owing to this fact, the American rulers pursue the policy
of incitement and organization of another world war, but do not
hesitate hypocritically to lament the so-called failure to respect
"Human Rights" in the RPR and other democratic countries.
In the RPR real freedom of labor union organization reigns,
All working people, without any exoeptioin,; of any conception and
faith, have the right to be members of labor unions. Whoever
encroaches on the right to organize in labor unions is punished,
Whereas under the reactionary regimes, the labor unions were the
object of terrible persecution, in the people's State they play
an exceptionally important role.
The laborunion: conclude collective labor contracts and see
to the respect of contractual provisions, to labor safety, the
fulfillment of the-conditions of pay and the raising of the workers'
material and cultural standard of living.
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While in numerous capitalist countries the labor unions
and workers in labor unions are the object of an appalling police
persecution and are subjected to all kind of repressive measures,
in the RPR special attention is paid to the word of the labor unions.
At the time of the signing of the labor contracts 31,810
proposals coming from the masses were found to be just and were in-
cluded in the contracts. These proposals concerned labor safety,.,
conditions of pay, measures to improve labor productivity, etc.
The labor unions have social insurance in their care, They organize
the sending of wage-earners to spas and health resorts during their
rest leaves.
For the defense of the all-mightiness of the monopolies, so
that the imperialists may have the possibility to prepare the un-
leashing of another war, the American workers and the broad popular
masses in the US. are deprived of the effective right to associate
and organize, of the .right to manifest and demonstrate,
The Rumanian people do not want in their country laws like
the Taft-Hartley law, which violates the right to associate in
labor unions, restricts the labor unions, right to sign collective
contracts with the employers, forbids the labor unions to demand
that no non-union workers be hired and thus ensures full freedom
of action for strike breakers. This law restricts the workers,
and administrative employees, right to strike; it prohibits strikes
by workers in the war industry, State property, of civil servants
and employees at Federal banks; it recognizes the employers, right
to request the prosecutor to order the workers on strike to resume
work, Deciding that the labor unions, in order to be recognized as
legal, are not allowed to have Communists in their leadership, the
Taft-Hartley law subjects the labor unions to the arbitrary inspec-
tion of American authorities and imposes on the leadership of the
labor unionstraitors to the working class, agents of the trusts and
of the secret police, By the numerous restrictions and prohibitions
it establishes, the Taft-Hartley law actually suppresses all the
rights of the labor unions.
The McCarran law establishes unlimited control by the American
government on all progressive organizations in the U.S. The McCarran
law imposes registration with the Department of Justice of members of
the Communist Party and of all progressive organizations, such as
the municipal mutual aid companies, the democratic organizations of
the national groups, the committees for activity for peace, the
societies for the organization of Negro workers, the various comittees
for the defense of colored people, the American labor party, the
Federated Press association, etc.
Under the McCarran law, these organizations are obliged re-
gularly to forward to the Department of Justice reports on the activity
carried on and on their financial state; failure to respect these
provisions is punished by imprisonment up to 10 years and heavy fines.
On the list of these organizations considered "subversive" by the
American Government can be entered any organization whose activity
is not to the liking of the American monopolists, who are preparing
the war of aggression.
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The McCarran law also provides for the creation of con-
centration camps where the members of the Communist. Party and of
the progressive organizations are to be interned when the U.S.
President will decide, All this is indeed evidence of the violation
of fundamental human rights.
The labor union organization at the "International Harvester"
tractor plant, stated referring to these laws:
"The final objective of these anti-workers' laws is
not only the crushing of the Communist Party;, these are
part of a disguised plot aimed at splitting and, in the
end, destroying the organized workers' movement, its con-
quest regarding wages and contracts,"
Nor do the Rumanian people want such a law as the McCarran
law in their country.
The U.S, Government displays especial zeal in repressing
the American peopleis struggle to defend peace. Fighters for peace,
like the well-known historian Professor DuBois, are dragged before
American courts. Demonstrations for peace are attacked by the
police, and their leaders are arrested. Progressive intellectuals
and workers are dismissed from their jobs.*
U?S.rulingcircles seek to mask by empty words about democracy
.the real dictatorship of the big businessmen, of the manufacturers of
armament and the aspirants to world domination. This is a savage
dictatorship exercised against tens of millions of men, the dictator-
ship of a clique which threatens and endangers the people of the
entire world, In the RPR the proletarian dictatorship is exercised
by the overwhelming majority of the people against an infinitesimal
number of enemies of popular freedoms, the former landowners and big
Fascist financiers and agents of imperialist circles.. This dictator-
ship is. exercised within the framework of the country's democratic
laws, for the defense of democracy and fundamental human rights,
--------------------------------------------------------- ------------
3F Here are a few of such instances:
- In July 1950, in Houston, Texas, 11 fighters for peace
were`arrested while they were collecting signatures on the Appeal
for prohibition of the atomic weapon,
- On August 2, 1950, during a demonstration demanding
that-an end be put to the American aggression in Korea, the American
authorities sent out the mounted police against the demonstrators,
Men, women and children were beaten up brutally by the police and
trampled under the horses' feet,
- Schoolteacher Olive Scottedal and builder Martin Robins,
of the city of Babylon, were arrested in the summer of 1950, for
collecting signatures for the Stockholm Appeal.
- The Anti-American Committee entered cinema artists
Jose Ferer and Judy Holiday on a black list, as in 1949 they had
attended the Peace Partisans' Conference in New York,,
Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann were entered on the
black list of the Anti-1merica.n Committee because they support the
movement for peace..
- The leaders of the "Pearce-Loving Citizens of New England"
organization were arrested in June 1951, because they demanded that
an end be put to the war in Korea.
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for the defense of the policy of peace, friendship and, international
collaboration,
It is in the normal order of things and an obligation of the
democratic regime to render inoffensive. these mortal enemies of
peace and democracy, who indeed are deprived of political rights in
the RPR, of the right to work against civil freedoms, of the right
to asscc.iate and organize against the working masses? rights to
associat!&n and organization, to enjoy the:freedom of the press and
of'ptibli^ation?3 in order to suppress the. freedom of the press and
expression of millions of. working-people.
In the RPR the broadest right to association and organization
is provided in the Constitution anad the laws of the country and is
practically exercised, but associations with a Fascist or-anti-democratic
nature a?e.prohibited and punished. On the strength of these rights,
in the 1PR broad mass organizations include millions of young people
and women; the other nationalities are organized in their own organiza-
tions such as the Hungarian Popular Union, the Jewish Democratic
Committee, the German Anti-Fascist Committee, the Federation of Slav
Democratic Cultural issociations, the Democratic Committee of the
Russian and Ukrainian Population, the Greek Democratic Committee, and
the Armenian Democratic Corumlyttee, In distant villages and in factories
and institutions, thousand: of political, cultural, scientific, artis-
tic., sporting, professional and press associations give countless
rights and possibilities of organization to the citizens of the RPR,
In the U.S,,, the violation of the right to association, or-
ganization and democratic manifestation has become an state policy,
On the other hand, in the fever of war hysteria all kinds of
Fascist organization blossom, supported by the American Government,
such as the "National Committee for a Free Europe" which includes the
cream of the war provocateurs, headed by Eisenhower, spy Allan Dulles,
international provocateurs and strike breakers Green, Murray, etc.
----------- -- --------------------------------
- 26 professors were dismissed and another 37 resigned
from the University of California, following their refusal to submit
to the "loyalty oath" introduced by the American Government :to control
the opinions of schoolteachers.
- The Department of State did not extend the passport of
the well-known writer Albert Kahn in order that the latter might be
unable to attend the Second Peace Partisans? Congress.
- As the NEW YORK TIMES pointed out, in August 1950 the
Department of State cancelled Paul Robeson?s passport on account of
his active participation in the fight for peace,
- The Department of State refused to issue a passport to
the labor union leader Ernest Demayo, who was to attend the World
Peace Partisans? Congress.
In July 1951 the Department of State cancelled the pass-
port of Eugenio Cuevas, Porto-Rican youth leader, who was to attend
the Youth Festival in Berlin.
- In September 1950, the New York police rejected the
application of a group of clergy belonging to various denominations
in New York to organize a meeting for the defense of peace.
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It is well-known that the aim of the "Committee for a Free Europe",
which has close relations with the Department of State, is to carry
on slanderous propaganda, to organize acts of espionage, sabotage
and plots against the USSR and the People's Democracies in favor of
the American warmongers. Such criminal organizations are dissolved
and cannot be created:in the Rumanian Peoplets Republic.
THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
The peopless democratic regime in the RPR considers the press
as one of the most important institutions of public interests as
a strong weapon to. strengthen and defend democracy,'to enlighten
public opinion, to strengthen the policy to defend peace and friend-
ship among the peoples,, as the most important organ for the exchange
of opinions, to criticize the progress of public affairs, discover
and redress mistakes,
The Rumanian people have won absolute freedom of the press and
the possibility of exercising it effectively, at the same time as
all the democratic rights and freedoms, in the fight waged against
the Fascist and reactionary cliques in Rumania, against American
imperialism and its agents.
In the past, the freedom of the press belonged in Rumania
to the reactionary and Fascist parties of the big financiers and
industrialists.
Democratic and anti-Fascist newspapers, the papers of workers'
organizations, if they succeeded in appearing, were subjected to the
persecution of the military censorship, seized and suppressed.
It is obvious that the press enslaved to a handful of exploiters,
to the concerns of big international capital, sold in turn to the
imperialist governments, in whose wake the ruling class in Rumania
crawled, never did reflect the peoplets interests and aspirations.
On the contrary, this press lied and sought to deceive the people
in order to master it better, to keep it in closer serfdom, to serve
as well as possible the interests of the Rumanian and foreign oppres-
sors, Such a press no longer appears today in the RPR. It disappeared
with'the crushing of the Fascist and reactionary cliques to which
it belonged.
The U.S. Government does not like this state of affairs. It
would like the Fascist and reactionary press still to appear in the
RPR, so as further to dupe and lie. to the people and further to in-
cite to war, The U.S, Government even published a book to support
this viewpoint, and forwarded it to the U.N.
The Declaration of the RPR Government of December 6, 1951,
pointed. out. that this American document is a collection of lies and
falsehoods, made up of "testimonies" made before some U.S. authorities
by a number of traitors to the country, who succeeded in evading
the peopless justice by fleeing from Rumania, most of them with the
complicity of American diplomats.
Among the suppressed papers the American document mentions
TIMPUL, the property of a well-known Nazi agent,.t oday?in the service
of the U.S.A. Grigore Gafencu.
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Grigore Gafencu became the owner of the, newspaper TIMPUL
with. funds which Colonel Beck placed at his disposal to support'.
Polish Fascism.'
TIMPUL continued to live after Beckfs collapse, with Hitler's
money, towhom Gafencu, in his capacity as Rumania2s Minster of
Foreign Affairs, facilitated the occupation of the country and its
being hurled into the anti-Soviet war.
Grigore Gafencu!s newspaper, presented in the American book
as a victim of the peoplets democratic regime in Rumania, appeared
throughout the Hitlerite war, as a scurrilous tribune for incitement
against the Soviet Union and against the anti-Fascist coalition.
During that time, Grigore Gafencu received in Geneva payment in
Swiss francs for the Hitlerite propaganda carried on by his newspaper
in Rumania. In the archives of the National Bank of Rumania are
the orders for transmittal of the amounts collected by the Hitle rite,
agent Gafencu with the special approval of A ntonescu's government.
The case of TITPUL, the property of Gafencu and the brothers
Hurtig, is not an exception among the press organs mentioned in the
American Government's book. The free operation of the Fasdist press
is in the American rulers' eyes a basic condition for the freedom
of expression.
The American publication also mentions among the newspapers
banned, in addition to those belonging to the gang of spies of
Maniu, Bratianu and Titel Petrescu, the newspaper of another "witness",
Camil Ring. In"this case too the Department of State was no more
happily inspired. C3.Lii:l 'Zing began his "press" career in the city
of Iassy, caught red-handed blackmailing,, and ended as a Gestapo
agent - recruited by Hitlerite spy Kurt von Gebauer - and of Antonescu's
Fascist Sigurantza. His service record and pay-rolls found in the
-archives of Antone cu!s secret police are today in the possession of
the RPR Government.
The American Governmentts publication takes the defense of
the newspaper of C0Visoianu', embezzler of public funds and American
spy, who fled from Rumania aboard a plane belonging to the U.S.
Mission in Bucharest.
It is on the strength of such "evidence" that the U.S.'Gov-
ernment drew up the so-called "testimony on the violation "by T&mn is
of the human rights provisions in the Peace Treaty."' It actually
proves the lying and slanderous nature of the campaign pursued by
the American Government and the constant support it grants to the
Fascist and reactionary remnants in Rumania.
The U.S.A. Government rises in its book against constitutional
provisions in the RPR which sanction the Rumanian peoplels rights to
the freedom of the press, of assembly and speech, by placing at their
disposal all the material means for the exercise thereof, The
American Government contends that the provision according:to which
these means are placed at the disposal of "those who work" is a
"discrimination" to the detriment of other persons, i.e. of'par'asites
.sl-:iiti++{4r,..+.-....{ry',.~a7-.-.+.wS.4.:+,-r.r+''t-,ti-+..-w~-wr~r4,T-'.(~+~.~.u~.---..
* "Fo', a'- br& d-etti3.ed clarification 'of the -witnesses and test rio iies
invoked by the U.S, Government, see the annexes at the end of this
volume.
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such hs Visoianu, Radescu, Gafencu and the whole gang of Fascists
and traitors, drones-and crooks, mercenaries of American espionage.
.The Rumanian people have finally stated their viewpoint in
this respect, by creating their laws in agreement with their interests
for material and cultural progress, of development and strengthening
of their rights and freedoms.
War propaganda is considered to be a crime and punished as
such. In December 1950 the Grand National Assembly passed the law
for the defense of peace which says:
"War propaganda and any action of a nature to threaten
peace is a grave crime against the Fatherland and against
mankind, as it endangers peoples' lives, the achievement of
human progress and the cultural and material possessions of
.mankind, and creates a great danger for peaceful collaboration
among peoples.
"Propaganda inciting to war, the spreading of tendentious
or invented news, of a nature to serve the warmongers, or any
other manifestations in favor of unleashing another war, made
orally, in writing, through the press, radio, cinematograph
or by any other propaganda media, are considered as a crime
against the peace of the nations."
Such laws not only do not prevent, but on the contrary, strengthen
the freedom of the press and its moral authority,
The Constitution which the Rumanian people drew up for them-
selves, provides:
"The freedom of the press, of speech, of assemblies,
meetings, corteges and demonstrations is guaranteed.
"The exercise of these rights is assured by the fact
that the means of printing, paper and places of meeting are
placed at the disposal of those who work."
In order to ensure the freedom of the press in the RPR, the
people's democratic regime first assured it all the material means
of existence. This makes the press in the RPR different from the
press in any capitalist state and especially in the U.S.A. The
ensuring of material moans guarantees the freedom of the press in the
RPR. Only such a press can fulfill its essential democratic duty
of being in the service of the entire people, under the people's
control, independent of the restricted-cliques of exploiters.
It is no longer certain private persons or restricted cliques
of political adventurers, desirous to enrich themselves by plunder
and wars of aggression,who are the editors of the big newspapers,
but democratic political organizations, mass, labor union, youth
and women's organizations, scientific, artistic and sporting insti-
tutions and associations, etc.
Thus the Rumanian Workers' Party, the General Confederation
of Labor, the Plowmenis Front, the Hungarian Popular Union, the
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Writers' Federation, the Union of Rumanian Democratic Women, the
Union of Rumanian Working Youth, the RPR Standing Oommi.ttee for the
Defense of peace, , the People's Councils, numerous enterprises,
cultural institutions and religious denominations have their own
newspapers and publications and printing houses at their disposal.
Indeed, the peoples State has made the big printing enter-
prises ava.Uable to the people, thus fulfilling one of the basic
conditions of a really democratic regime.
The people?s democratic State has seen to the equipment and
re-equipment of all these enterprises and has supplied them with
the materials necessary for all kinds of printing.
The incomparably greater cultural requirements in the people's
democratic regime and State, care for the satisfy ction thereof, have
led not only to the enlargement and re-equipment of the old enter-
prises, but also to the creation of new and powerful ones which
surpass all the old enterprises put together.
On these foundations, the press and publications have known
an extraordinary. development in the RPR and, from the point of view
of their content, they are a factor of great political and moral
responsibility. In the RPR more than 300 newspapers and magazines
are published in 5,300,000 copies.
The peoplets donocratic regime pays especial attention to
the press in the languages of the other nationalities. In the
RP1 33 publications appear in Hungarian in more than 5OO.000 copies,
3 publications in German, 2 in.Ukrainian; 2 in Yiddish, 2 in Serbian,
2 in Armenian and 1 in Greek.
In the RPR the press has become an indispensable medium for
the exchange of opinions in all collectivities and for the exercise
of public criticism. This general requirement, which cannot be
covered in all its details by the big central or regional press, has
led to the publication of a new type of newspaper, published by
numerous enterprises or work-sites, such as the "23 August" Metal-
lurgical Works in Bucharest, the Danube-Black Sea Canal, etc., and
printed in thousands of copies, as well as to the tons of thousands
of wall-newspapers, which deal especially with the life and activity
of the workers in the respective, enterprise.
It is only a regime like the peoplels democratic regime,
which is not afraid of the opinion of the masses, but on the contrary
is strengthened by the open criticism thereof, by the active parti-
cipation of the masses in State life, which could establish such a
broad freedom of the written word.
The press in the RPR is characterized by the close relations
between editors and readers and by the large number of those who
collaborate with the newspapers. The editorial activwe and that
of press correspondents in the RPR totals approximately 700,000
persons. Every week the editorial boards of newspapers receive
letters from thousands of correspondents. The latter write to the
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newspaper to point out successes in work, so that their methods may
become the common property of all those who work, or to bring to
.. of the nrnaaements of
s or'institutions. Thus, thanks to criticisr~i by public
ris
t
e
e p
an
opi on, State agencies, enterprises and employees with responsible
n
jobs are helped to discover and eliminate deficiencies in work. That
is why worker, peasant and intellectual voluntary correspondents,
who write directly to tha newspaper about all that preoccupies them,
are especially appreciated in the RPR*.
Owing to the responsibility laid upon it in the people's
democratic regime, to the attention and sympathy it enjoys in public
opinion, the press in the RPR greatly helps to popularize the objectives
of the State plans and to their fulfillment, ceaselessly to improve the
peoplels cultural level, to strengthen and render their country more
beautiful. It helps to strengthen friendship among the peoples, to
expose the war plans of American imperialism and to mobilize the broad
masses to fight to safeguard peace.
During the years after Ruinaniafs liberation American imperia-
lism sought to use the freedom of press and information in the RPR
for the aims of their espionage agents. Newspaper correspondents
like Leonard Kirschen, Simion Andrica, Markham and Liviu Nasta were
exposed as common spies and warmongers' tools.
The American Government would like to impose on the press in
the RPR the pattern of the press of the American big trusts, which
incites in all tones to war against the Soviet Union and the People's
Democracies. The Rumanian people reject this filthy press placed
in the service of the enemies of peace and the progress of mankind,
a press which lies, slanders and wages systematic campaigns to darken
the minds of its readers.
WALL STREET JOURN1L, cynically defining the nature and functions
of the American press, writes:
"The newspaper?is a private enterprise which has no obli-
gation toward the public. That is why public interests do
not play any role in the newspaper's columns. The paper is
nothing but the property of its owner, who sells a finished
product."
These masters are the billionaires and millionaires like
McCormick, Patterson, Scripps-Howard, whose sole aim is to wring the
largest profits from war, from the exploitation of the masses, from
....------------ ------------------------- _...,... __....___r..._-..~.
* The Worker and Peasant Correspondents' Congress, held in Bucharest
in August 1951, was an impressive demonstration of the freedom of
the press and of speech enjoyed by RPR citizens, and of the lasting
ties which the RPR press has with the masses. The Congress was
attended by more than 1,000 delegates of all professions from all
over the country,., workers, peasants, members of collective farms,
schoolteachers, etc. They discussed a series of problems related
to the development of the press correspondents' movement.
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people's blood and tears, Writing about Hearst, whose dynasty
still dominates the American press, the American historian Charles
Byrd said:
"There is no refuse, vice or crime with which Hearst
fails to deal and use to get richer,"
The press of the American trusts is one of the most monstrous
products di' capitalist decomposition.
It is one of the most scurrilous instruments used by the
American warmongers against the peace and security of the world.
That is why this press speaks openly about the "nightmare"
of peace which fills it with terror.
"The threat of peace could greatly diminish the estimated
profits".
laments the WALL STREET JOURNAL,
"Economy would be endangered by a reduction in the defense
program.".
explains the U.S. i.TE S itim WORLD REPORT,
1-nd NCufada' ; K openly states that
"whereas peace in Korea seems to be near, rnariy businessmen
are anxiously examining economic prospects. Will the big
business boom continue? Or will a general depression come?"
"1a preventive war against the Soviet Union" is dermnded by
the American magaziue LIFE.
"Flow to prepare for total war" is the title of an article in
the U.S. NJEWS AND v101--RLD REPORT.
Documents which are characteristic of insanity like the special
issue of LOLL-111i tS devoted to the description, in dozens of pages,
signed by gangsters of the pen, of the future war as?dreaned of by
the transoceanic i_ierchants of blood, have become" commonplace in the
press enslaved to the interests of the big American trusts.
A d irk the meantime the democratic press is persecuted and
stifled, and the leaders of the workers' press, progressive writers
and newspapermen working to safeguard peace, are flung into the
prisons of the F.B.I. or of the U.S, police, the instruments of terror
and oppression of the irierican people.
American broadcasting stations, and especially the U.S. Gov-
ernmentts station, which calls itself the "Voice of America", wage the
same campaign of falsification and slander and continuous straining
of the international situation.
We quote one of the innumerable instances of the manner in
which the imperialists distort the truth and lie, as they have done
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in the book forwarded to the United Nations.
A few days after the elections for the People's Councils,
on December 3, 1950, SC.,NTEIA published a picture showing a group
of workers at the "Steaua Rosie" works. in Bucharest, shaking hands with
and offering flowers to the 14 worker- deputies elected in their
factory.
The "Voice of America", actually the voice of American trusts
and monopolies, used this picture to slander the elections for the
Peoples Councils and the Rumanian workers who were celebrating the
great victory of the- democratic forces'
Here is the textual quotation of what the "Voice of America"
said on that occasion:
"In the picture we see two rows of unshaven workers,
greasy caps on their uncut hair, the living image of the
misery in which Rumanian workers .ate writhing# offering
flowers to other workers with the same physical aspect.
The poor workers are drawn up in line like soldiers and one
can clearly see on their drawn faces the forced smile ordered
by the Communist responsibles at the "Steaua Rosie" works.
In the background can be seen a militiaman with a fur cap
on his head and another with a military cap, with a carabine'
on. his shoulder, laughing at the Communist flower masquerade,"
The statements uttered by the American radio were brought
in their entirety to the knowledge of the workers at the "Steaua
Rosie", who received them with deep indignation.
The workers' statements, together with the text of the !'Voile
of:AAmerica" broadcast, were printed in the Rumanian press, from which
we quote:
Tracer Alexancls.u Barbu exclaimed on taking the paper to look
at the picture:
" -- Let me see what that ?carabine* looks like?
Look, they called the Polishing machine a tcarabiner.
But I am the one with the 'carabinel - said Gheorghe
Sava, an iron polisher,
"Look how far these scoundrels have gone, saying that
T was guarding Panait, our deputy, with whom I work in the
blacksmi.this shop, and the others. And I know the comrade with
the fur cap. He is the chauffeur who came with the photo-
grapher, and not a militiaman as they invented: They lie
------------ ---_------ _ __ _ __ __
Opposite this page there is a picture with-the - __following -- ....
caption: Workers at the 'Steaua Rosie' works in Bucharest
warmly congratulate their comrades who have been elected deputies
on Peoplets Councils. The Voice of America l, station of the American monopolists
t , stated aboutthisopicture:
.,,The workers are drawn up in line like soldiers... In the back-
ground can be seen a militiaman with a fur cap on his 'head and another
with a military cap, with a carabine on his shoulder..-,t"
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until hell freezes over."
Looking at the picture, worker Nicolae Vanghele asked:
"Where have those scoundrels seen my 'forced smile'?
How could I fail to smile gladly from the bottom of my heart,
when I saw that Comrade Alexandru Popa had been elected
deputy? I have known Comrade Popa since 1938 - when he
entered the factory, Comrade Popa taught me nXr trade, with
patience and kindness, me and the other apprentices. And
this at the time when some foremen used to beat the appren-
tices, who had to learn the trade as best they could. If
today I am an iron builder, it is to him that I owe it. I
am proud that one of us workers has been elected deputy, who
manages both the workshop and district in which he has been
elected., We feel ourselves one with our deputies. We
have only smiles and affection for them."
Worker Nicolae Vanghele added:
" - With what uppish contempt they speak about our caps'"
Foundryman Muresanu, elected deputy on the People's Council,
speaking to the SCA'LIML correspondent who visited him, stated:
"In my youth, when the bankers from America, England and
Germany were masters here, although I was a good worker I
was fired from Hunedoara, I was fired from Malaxa, I do not
even remember all the factories I had to leave, due to 'lack
of work.,, Out of the seven days of the week, I worked only
two - and many times not even two. At that time I lived in
a hut in Colentina. Today I live with r. wife and little
girl aged 7 in a three-room apartment in a house built for
workers in Ferentari, with a bath, radio, central heating
and electric light. Formerly, when the masters of those at
the 'Voice of Americas ruled this country, I received more
fine receipts than money, Today, in our people's democratic
regime, as I improve my qualification and work, the more
money I gets In 1947, after the stabilization, my basic
salary was 10,800 lei. In 1949 I received 14.,000 lei as
section chief, and this year 18,200 lei, without mentioning
bonuses. In the sur_.uner of 1949 I went to Predeal for my
free leave, and in the summer of 1950 to Manaia on the coast,
also free of charge. Is this the 'living iriage of misery'
about which the American imperialists talk? They should
rather tell why the American railroad workers are out on strike2"
"See, worker G.Balanuscu said. The Americans told
nothing but lies. One more barefaced than the other. They
said that the polishing machine was a carabino. And it is
not true. That we are struggling in misery... and it is
not true. That we were lined up... and it is not true.
That we smiled with a rod behind us... and it is not true,
That we were guarded by militiamen,, It is not true. So
many words the American imperialists said - so many lies.
The truth is quite different, The truth is that their hearts
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are burning when they see that we have worker-deputies,
when they see all we do with our hands and minds, withca
employ e3'"s''1nct -trithout.ameri-can a pica sat~~ and better than
them,.. that is what hurts them."
The opinion of workers at the "Steaua Rosie" works is that
of all the working people in the RPR, of all patriots and honest
people.
As at the time of the elections for the Peoplets Councils,
the American imperialistst propaganda machinery is unleashed each
time the Rumanian people resolutely affirm their attachment to the
peoples democratic regime, to their governments policy of peace
and independence, because all that helps to strengthen'the democratic
regime in Rumania is another imperialist hope dashed. ,
FULL EQUALITY IN RIGHTS FOR THE OTHER MTIONLITIES
IN THE RUI' .P1I~~P1 PEOPLE IS REPUBLIC
In the RPR the principles of the full equality in rights,
freedoms and possibilities of material and cultural development for
the Rumanian people and all the other nationalities have triumphed.
The peoplets democratic regime has put an end for ever to
nationalist and chauvinist diversions.
The, past reactionary governments used the nationalist diver-
sion to strengthen the oppression of the peoples of other nationalities
and to undermine the entire people's fighting unity for a better
life.
From 1866 to 1944,'the governments of the big industrialists,
financiers and :Landowners promulgated more than 400 laws and decrees
whereby discriminatory measures were taken against the other nation-
alities.
In schools, in the administration, in the church, in the army
and' justice, racial hatred, anti-Hungarianism, anti-Semitism, anti-
Slavism, etc., were advocated,
State policy made an official difference between the "majority"
and "minority" population.
The laws for the "protection of national labor" and of
11Rumaniz~tion" of professions, the "certificates of ethnic origin"
required in relations between citizens and the agencies of State
power; drove out the'4.iinoritarians" from the places of work.
The reactionary parties in old Rumania maintained and fostered
axrti,Semitisrl, hooligan attacks and the pogroms which culminated in.
the massacres during Antoneseuts regime.
The overthrow of Antonescuts Fascist dictatorship, the abolition
of the landowners a.nd the liquidation of the imperialist cliques,
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opened the "pa.th t. i:.km J & ea CuMocratio settlement of, the nation-
-ands problem.
All discriminatory measures of oppression of the other nation-
alities provided in the laws of the old regime have been abolished.
The principle of full equality in rights of all nationalities
living in the RPR is proclaimed in the RPR Constitution.
"Art,16: All citizens of the RPR, irrespective of sex,
nationality, race, religion or education, are equal before
the law,,"
"Art?l7: Any advocating or manifestation of racial or
nationality hatred is punished by law."
The equality in rights of all citizens, regardless of race or
nationality, is today in the RPR a reality guaranteed not only legally
by the provisions of the Constitution and of its laws, but also by the
practical achievements of the peoples democratic regime.
Thus the fundamental political right to elect and be elected
found its expression in the full freedom enjoyed by citizens in the
RPR in exercising the right to vote in the 1946, 194 and 1950 elec-
tions and in the fact that in the Grand National Assembly and in
Peoplels Councils there are thousands of deputies belonging to the
other nationalities*,
From elementary schools up to universities and in higher
institutes of science and art., in all grades of education., the other
nationalities enjoy the same rights as the Rumanian people,
-----------------------------------------------------------------
After the victory of the Peoplels Democratic Front in the December
3, 1950, elections, 13,000 deputies belonging to the other nationalities
were elected to the Peoplels Councils, i,e. 12` percent of the total
number of deputies.
Today there are in the RPR 2,163 nurseries, kindergartens and
elementary schools with tuition in Hungarian, 482 in German, 36 in
Serbian, 6 in Polish, 29 in Slovak, 9 in Czech, 15 in Turkish, 4 in
Greek, 8 in Yiddish, 3 in Armenian, etc. Within the framework of
secondary education there are 140 theoretical, technicial and pedago-
gical schools, 112 of which with tuition in Hungarian., 12 in German,
2 in Russian, 3 in Ukrainian, 3 in Serbian, 2 in Slovak, 2 in Bul-
garian and 2 in Yiddish.
The total number of text-books in the languages of the other
nationalities is 2,310,405 copies, with 250 titles of text-books (in
Hungarian, German, Yiddish, Russian, Ukrainian, Greek, Bulgarian,
Serbian, Turkish, Czech, Slovak, Croat and Polish).
. An ever larger number of scholarships and places in hostels
are granted to pupils and students from the other nationalities. "For
a hundred years Hungarian pupils in the former county of Trei Scaune
were not given so many scholarships as in a single year (1949-1950)
by the people's democratic regime" noted the ROP-NL`LI MAGYAR SZO a
year ago.
In order to train the cadres of schoolteachers and professors
required by the schools of the other nationalities., special pedagogical
institutes function in this country.
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Fnr the Hungarian people, the most numerous of the other
zsta,onalitj..j,, tbArc nsd tzlgher schools in m%;ientific and artistic
t n gh ls. Thus, there !I-re 20 fa. c,,~ t=oe with to .tir>n in Hungarian,
The development of the national culture of each nationality
is not limited only to education.- In rural areas, for instance, out
of the 12,000 existing cultural centers, in 1,700 the cultural and
artistic program is given in another language than Rumanian, Six
State theaters for the other nationalities and a Hungarian State Opera
have been created.'
The publishing houses print millions of copies of books in the
languages of the other nationalities.**
Likewise 15 newspapers and 42 periodical magazines and publi-
cations are published in the languagesof the other nationalities.
There are daily broadcasts in Hungarian, Russian, German, Greek,
Serbian, Yiddish and Bulgarian..
At the time of the agrarian reform, the working peasants of
other nationalities were given land, the same as the Rumanians. In
the law courts, 6,500 people's assessors were selected from among the
other nationalities. Workers of other nationality than Rumanian
have an equal right to work and the possibility continuously to
improve their professional qualification.
The other nationalities collaborate fraternally with the
Rumanian people in their daily life.
For instance, the Serbian collective farm peasants in the
villages of Socol and Belobrasca, when the harvesting in the fall
was at its peak, hastened to the aid of the Rumanian collective
farmers in the village of Jupa, whose harvesting had been delayed
due to the unfavorable weather,
-------------------------------------------- _.....~...,.._..