MATERIALS ON UN CONFERENCE IN SUPPORT OF PEOPLES OF ZIMBABWE AND NAMIBIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00304R000100100004-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 87
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 22, 2001
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: May 17, 1977
• Content Type: OPEN

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Waldheim Opens Conference
LD162140Y [Editorial heport LD/EA] Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese at 0817 GMT on 16 May
began a live relay of the opening session of the international conference in support of
the peoples of Namibia and Zimbabwe being held in Maputo. After describing the scene and
naming the people who will sit at the presiding table--Kurt Waldheim, Tan Ming-chao,
UN under secretary general for political affairs and decolonization; Salim Ahmed Salim,
the chairman of the special committee of 24 on decolonization; Dunstant Kamana, president
of the UN council for Namibia; Ps well as a representative of the OAU--the reporter
briefly reviewed the history of the United Nations.
At 0826 GMT Waldheim entered with Mozambique President Samora Machel. At 0828 GMT
Waldheim, speaking in English, declared the international conference open. He asked
all present to rise and observe a minute's silence in memory of the victims of
colonialism in southern Africa. After welcoming the delegates and thanking Machel
for hosting the conference, Waldheim referred to the fact that the conference is taking
place in Mozambique, which only recently gained its independence.
Waldheim went on to state that "unless we accelerate our efforts to find just and firm
solutions for the unacceptable situation in Zimbabwe and Namibia, then I believe there
will be a disaster with grave repercussions far beyond these territories. I have
warned of this real danger before and I do so once again in the hope that those who
are affected by this will double their efforts to find a way out of this impasse."
After speaking about the objectives of the conference, Waldheim praised Mozambique for
adhering to the economic sanctions voted by the United Nations against Rhodesia, and
said: "In connection with Zimbabwe, the basic position of the United Nations is that
the United Kingdom--Great Britain--as the administrative power has the main responsibility
in reestablishing a constitutional government based on the principle of majority rule.
I am glad to note that Great Britain has redoubled its efforts to achieve this."
Waldheim accused the Ian Smith regime of repeatedly committing aggressive acts against
its African neighbors, saying: "Last year their armed forces violated the territorial
integrity of Botswana, Mozambique and Zambia, causing severe loss of life." He noted
that the UN position on 1Iamibia is clear: The continued presence of South Africa in
Namibia is illegal." He said South Africa should immediately terminate its policy
of Bantustans. On Nay--bia, he urged free elections under the supervision of the United
Nations and the release of all political prisoners, Stressing the importance of the
UN council for Namibia, he said: "The United Nations also recognizes the special role
of SWAPO in the political process necessary to lead the territory to independence."
He added that SWAPO's observer status in the United Nations guarantees that the voice
of Namibia will continae to be heard at international conferences.
Waldheim ended his 14-?-ornate speech at 0842 G1? by wishing the delegates success in
their work.
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J I. 17 May 77 A 2 INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Machel Addresses Conference
LD162146Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0844 GMT 16 May 77 LD/EA
[Speech by Mozambique President Samora Machel at the UN-sponsored international con-
ference in support of the peoples of Namibia and Zimbabwe being held in Maputo-live]
[Excerpts] The existence of a war atmosphere in southern Africa and the growing tension
in this area that threatens to involve all of humanity is a direct result of colonialism
and racism which continue to exist here. Faced with the growing revolt of the masses,
the colonialists and racists are trying to spread their internal conflicts to neighboring
countries to divert attention from the heart of the matter. For this reason they in-
crease their subversive activities, their border violations, their provocations and
their acts of aggression.
In their desire to maintain their position of incomparable privilege, the colonialists
and racists wish to provoke a generalized conflict and transform their internal conflicts
into confrontations between the superpowers. Your presence here shows that we are all
determined not to allow the conflict to spread. We must also precisely define what
type of conflict it is. The situations in Zimbabwe and Namibia are colonial situations.
Colonialism is condemned by all of humanity and by all UN member nations. It is the
most serious form of violation of the rights of the people to choose their own future;
it is the most violent form of aggression against human rights. We are meeting here so
that together we can find the quickest and most effective means to liquidate once and
for all colonialism in Zimbabwe and Namibia. We are meeting to find the quickest
and most effective means to insure that sovereign power will be completely transferred
to and will only be exercised by those who are legitimately entitled to such powers.
Apart from the UN resolutions that so clearly guide us, our mission is to liquidate
colonialism and racism., To us, it seems wrong to speak of a peaceful solution when
war exists. With realism we can seek the means to end the war. However, to end the war, we
must end the causes of the war.
The successes acheived in Namibia and Zimbabwe, as well as the diplomatic efforts carried
out by the UN, have proven to the colonialists in Zimbabwe and Namibia that their defeat
is inevitable. This has created favorable conditions for a negotiated solution (?of) the
existing wars. A negotiated solution, to be successful, requires that the representatives
of the colonialist power accept, in its entirety, the right of Zimbabwe and Namibia to
total and complete independence on their own territories.
Some positive steps have already been taken along this path. But important obstacles
nevertheless remain. We view with apprehension the fact that recently certain powers,
while stating that they accept the principle of independence, are seeking to deflate
it by guarantees to be ;ranted to the minority.
The colonial minority is the direct result of colonial domination. It is composed of
foreigners who for various reasons connected with colonial phenomena are living in the
dominated territory. They are colonials. It is these colonials who have led to the
failure of all the talks and negotiations. It is a mistake to consider them to be
decisive and fundamental spokesmen in these countries. It is a mistake to allow a very
small group of privileged foreigners to obstruct the carrying out of the majority's
wishes.
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In Namibia, we are surprised to see talks 'taking place between the parties of the colonials
and their puppets. Everyone knows who fights for the independence of Namibia.' We have
heard that in Namibia the main obstacle to a solution is the existence of only one national-
ist movement, SWAPO. It is said that no one movement can attempt to represent the
interests of all the people. But at the same time, we hear that lack of unity 'is.an
obstacle to the talks--the difficulty is the existence of many nationalist movements.
[applause] Now we do not know with whom to deal. The real obstacle to national inde-
pendence is colonialism and not the existence of one or more movements.
The maneuvers which have delayed the success of a negotiated solution to the colonial
wars in Zimbabwe and Namibia have found decisive support among certain Western powers.
At Great Britain's request, the UN Security Council has imposed sanctions against the
British colony of Southern Rhodesia. These sanctions have been wholly carried out by-
the People's Republic of Mozambique, by the Republic of Zambia and by numerous other
countries, with great sacrifice to their economies. 'Neverthel'ess, we see that they
are systematically and openly violated by other UN members, including the Western members
of the Security Council. We are also surprised that citizens of Western countries that
are members of the UN Security Council can be freely recruited as mercenaries for the
Rhodesian rebel forces.
The situation in Zimbabwe is evolving favorably; the armed struggle' of national liberation
has inflicted serious setbacks on the minority regime. The victories of the patriots are
greeted with growing enthusiasm by the people and are'leading them to organize and
mobilize in growing numbers to annihilate the rebels. The whole of the'international
communty unanimously condemns the cruel regime of Salisbury and its criminal policies
and massacres.
The establishment of the Patriotic Front is a decisive factor in insuring the unity of
the people and the effectiveness of their struggle. The Patriotic Front gives to the
broad masses of Zimbabwe an instrument to strike ever more serious blows at the isolated,
hateful regime. The British initiatives can be a positive factor in the liquidation of
Rhodesia's racist regime as long as these'initiatives are sincerely aimed at bringing
about Zimbabwe's total, complete independence. They will fail if they propose to,
legalize colonialism. They will fail if instead of granting complete and total power
to the people, they only give some black puppets the opportunity to share the racists'
colonial power. These initiatives will fail if they are intended to'institutionalize
privileges based on color--if their objective is'the preservation of so-called'rninorities
and nor, achieving the will of the great majority.
In Namibia, the UN has repeatedly fought for and advocated the just path for the solution
of the conflict. Security Council Resolution No 385 endorsed this just path to"'a'solution.
As long as this framework is adhered to, the recent initiatives of the five Western
members of the Security Council will help accelerate the process of solving this conflict.
However, if these countries try to safeguard foreign interests or colonial privileges,
if they contribute to the division of the territory and the emergence of puppets as
valid spokesmen, then their initiatives will only lead to the useless prolongation of
the conflict. The question of Walvis Bay is an artifical one, a heritage of Anglo-German
rivalries. during the Berlin Conference in 1$95.
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In Africa, we respect the inherited borders, even if they are not just. But to speak
of the enclave of Walvis Bay in this framework is just an attempt to undermine the
real independence of Namibia as a whole. There are not citizens of Walvis Bay as
distinct from citizens of Namibia. It is the man of Nambia, the sweat of the workers
of Namibia, which makes Walvis Bay possible. When we speak of the territorial integrity
of Namibia, logically we must speak of Walvis Bay. It is with SWAPO, recognized by the
UN and by the OAU, that the South African Government should discuss the transfer of
power in Namibia.
Excellencies, Honorable Delegates and Observers: As in the past, the Peoplets Republic
of Mozambique does its international duty with regard to the national liberation
struggle of the peoples, especially the peoples of southern Africa. It supports the
armed struggle of the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia. It will continue to completely
adhere to the sanctions decreed by the UN. Like all peace-loving countries, like
all countries which lived through the painful and (word indistinct] experience of war,
we are committed defenders of peace. We look for peaceful solutions in all conflicts
which have not yet reached the phase of armed struggle; we spare no effort to find
negotiated solutions to existing wars.
To demand immediate independence is not an act of extremism, not when it should have
taken place more than 10 years ago. Our conference should take measures to isolate
the colonialist and racist regimes because only by isolating them will we force them
to negotiate. Our conference should adopt measures against any economic and commercial
investments in or cooperation with the racist and colonialist regimes. It should also
propose- that the international community strengthen the economic capacity of the
frontline states so that they can better support the liberation struggle of the peoples
of southern Africa.
LD162327Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1630 GMT 16 May 77 LD/EA
(Speech by Robert Mugabe, leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union, at the UN
conference in Maputo on 16 May--recorded in English with Portuguese translation
superimposed]
[Excerpts] The international efforts, particularly those of the United Nations, aimed
at isolating and breaking the Smith regime have been seriously affected by sanctions
violators, whose countries are represented at this meeting. The British shamelessly
called [words indistinct] and they had no means of compelling Smith to submit to the
will of the 7 million people of Zimbabwe. They did everything to give him (?support)
to enable him to continue his brutalities against our people and sponsor (?operations)
against the frontline states. We reject this Anglo-U.S. conspiracy aimed at legalizing
the treason and (words indistinct] the colonial regime under the cloak of transferring
power.
U.S. involvement in Zimbabwe will [words indistinct] superpowers and [words indistinct]
in southern Africa. Such a development will internationalize the situation and (?will
make it internationally heard). This will turn the situation into a threat to inter-
national security. This is the reason why we categorically say (?no) to the-inter-
nationalization, or to the Americanization, of our situation. However, our resistance
to the direct participation of the United States in any constitutional conference by no
means indicates that we hate the Americans.
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he two parties at war in Zimbabwe are Great Britain, which is directly represented in
.-alisbur;; b;- a racist reri:::e, and the '..trioti: Front, representing the African masses.
oraer to solve thi:, situation, the involved. parties must come to an agreement and,
in t'..i7 case, the British GovP:-~.. at is on one side and the Patriotic Front on the other.
Great br:_tain must accept the realities. Any constitutional conference -is, in fact;
going to be a peace conference and, therefore, (?such a conference) is a peace attempt
involving the belligerents.
There must be an unconditional transfer of power without any preconditions.. There can
be no half measures. The transfer of power must be complete and total. The Zimbabwean
people have not shed their precious blood during the last decade in order to achieve a
false independence where they would be manipulated by these powers with their well-
~nown interests. Finally, Britain must show its capacity for sincerity, of its deter-
riination that after a [word indistinct] conclusion of a constitutional conference it
will implement the agreement that will be reached. -
It is not our intention to demoralize those who are determined to solve the Zimbabwean
problem. we recognize their right and freedom to exercise their-ideas and carry out
any necessary attempts [words indistinct]. Ile can be accused, as we have already been
accused, as being blood thirsty [words indistinct]. These accusations are as false as
the;,: have proved. The Zimbabweans have been very patient, but our patience has many
tines been considered to be a weaknese. The Zimbabweans, like many other peoples, are
peace-loving people. We would be the most happy people if we could achieve our indepen-
dence without any bloodshed. But inreality this is not possible. Peace remains our
main objective.
The intensification of the war, particularly the [word indistinct] by the guerrilla
fighters in the enemy's strategic areas of our country, have revealed the barbarous and
innuan nature of the Smith regime. In a desperate attempt to stem our forces in our
country, the regime has now resorted to countless atrocities impossible to imagine.
The intensification of the war, on the one hand, and the increase in acts of genocide by
the enemy, on the other, has :..de thousands of students, old people and children homeless
and they have been forced to flee to neighboring countries. More than (Q.,70,000)
Zimbabweans have become refugees, and most of them are in Mozambique. All these people
lack the basics for human survival and they need food, clothes, medical care, educational
facilities, equipment and cultural entertainments. The Patriotic Front, therefore, appeals
to the United I tior_s and its agencies, such. as WHO, UIVICR, UNESCO, FAO, UNICEF and other
agencies, to intensify their assistance for the Zimbabwean refugees and the patriotic
Front. This conference will meet its international obliz.tion and responsibilities and
also denounce the slaughter in Zimbabwe...
As for South Africa, the conference must corder-i the fascist and racist regime of
Johannes Vorster for economically and militarily supporting Ian Smith's regime and for
the constant massacres of children and students in Soweto, (Tanga), Guguleto and else-
where. It must also denounce the continued imprison ent of Nelson candela and others.
The fascist regime must end. -
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? VIII. 17 I?iay 77 A 6 ITITER-AFRICATI AFFAIRS
Great Britain must be condemned [word indistinct] this conference and by its [word
indistinct] in their decisions. It must take the necessary [word indistinct] in order
to bring a democratic and just system to Zimbabwe. The conference must also denounce
all those Western states which are at present continuing to violate the UN sanctions
on the Smith regime and which are allowing their countries to be used as recruiting
centers for mercenaries for the Smith regime under the pretext of the freedom of movement
of the peoples. This conference must particularly condemn the French for collaborating
with the South African Government in training racist pilots in the use of French Mirage
aircraft in Transvaal. This is an operation which is underway now while I am speaking.
Smith's forces are being trained in South Africa in the use of Mirages.
Finally, this conference must unreservedly condemn Western oil monopolies which are
unscrupulously violating the UN sanctions on Rhodesia by supplying fuel to the illegal
regime. This conference should, while condemning the genocide committed by the fascist
regimes and some miserable oil monopoly companies, also hail the positive role being
played by the UN decolonization association, the council for Namibia, the OAU, the
Arab League, the progressive organizations in Western and socialist countries for
condemning the racist regimes in southern Africa and for giving aid to the liberation
movements in this part of the world.
OAU's Eteki Speaks
PA161616Y Paris AFP in English 1550 GMT 16 May 77 PA
[Excerpts] !1aputo, May 16 (AFP)--Organization of African Unity (OAU) Secretary General
William Eteld I+Iboumoua today accused the United States and the Western countries of
helping to keep southern Africa dominated by foreign interests. At the opening session
of the United Nations-sponsored conference on Rhodesia and Namibia (South-West Africa),
Mr Eteld said also that the current Anglo-American attempt to break the Rhodesian
constitutional deadlock would not prevent the conference from giving its (?support) to
the black majorities in these countries.
Mozambique Foreign Minister Joaquim Chissano was elected chairman of the conference,
which is due to last until Saturday.
SWAPO's Nujoma Sets Conditions
PA162353Y Paris AFP in English 2328 GMT 16 May 77 PA
[Excerpts] I?:aputo, may 16 (AFP)--Namibian nationalist leader Sam Nujoma today accused
the five Western members of UN Security Council of trying to put his organization "on
a par" with ethnic Nam bian delegations attending the South African-sponsored constitutional
conference in Windhoek, Namibia (South-West Africa). Mr Nujoma, leader of SWAPO (South-
West Africa People's Organization), was addressing the UN-sponsored conference in support
of the peoples of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and Namibia, which opened here today. He also
called for a special session of the UN General Assembly on southern Africa.
Another condition which Mr Nujoma set for negotiations (?with) South Africa was that
Pretoria "coimdt itself to removing its police forces from Namibia and taking immediate
steps to withdraw its troops under UN control. He added that any constitutional talks
should be held under UN supervision. Yesterday, Mr Nujoma net with representatives of
the five Western members of the Security Council. He agreed to meet American UN
Ambassador Andrew Young, who arrived here today.
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. 1~1 may 77
CON;TIN15D REPORTAGE ON UN CONFERENCE IN MAPUTO
Young, Other Delegates Camment
LD172315_' Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 17 May 77 LD-'EA
[Text] Samora Machel, president of the People's Republic of Mozambique, yesterday gave
a dinner in Maputo in honor of Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley and UN Secretary
General Kurt Waldheim.
Replying to a (?brief speech) by Samora Machel, the Jamaican prime minister said the
invitation to attend the Maputo meeting was a great honor to him and to his people.
In turn, Kurt Waldheim paid homage to FRELIMO and to the Mozambique Government. He said
he hoped the conference in support of the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia would end
successfully.
Also present at the reception, besides the members of our Council of Ministers, were
Salim Ahmad Salim, Dunstan Kamana, Hashim Mbita, William Eteki, leaders of liberation
movements, heads of delegations and members of the diplomatic corps.
Meanwhile, this afternoon's session of the UN international conference in support of the
peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia ended a few moments ago. This afternoon's proceedings
were introduced by the UN human rights commission delegate.
later, the British foreign affairs secretary [as heard] reaffirmed the policy of negotia-
tions being pursued by his government. He said that in this way it would be possible to
bring Zimbabwe and Namibia to independence by the end of 1978. Rowlands also said his
government conceded that it had a special responsibility for Zimbabwe. The British
representative spoke about free elections for Namibia and the release of political pri-
soners, but he did not refer to the withdrawal of South African troops from the territory--
a SWAPO demand widely supported by delegates attending the meeting.
Tanzanian Foreign Minister Benjamin Mkapa, called upon to speak next. expressed support
for the positions of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe and SWAPO, adding that the inter-
national community ought to increase its material, political and diplomatic aid to them.
The Tanzanian delegate stressed that, for African countries to accept Western proposals,
South Africa would have to unambiguously declare its recognition of the right of the
Namibian people to independence, with SWAPO as their.sole representative.
Delegates from Yugoslavia, Fiji, France, Austria, Liberia, GDR, India, Cuba and from
the South African movement, Pan Africanist Congress, also spoke.
This afternoon SWAPO President Sam ,'ujoma met Andrew Young, U.S. ambassador to the
United Nations. Nujoma told the news media that during the meetings Young expressed
disapproval of the series of contacts his country had made, together with the four
Western powers, with South African Prime Minister Vorster on the situation in Namibia.
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_l. -- 77 A 2 INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
ext) Khartoum, 18 tray--Yesterday at. the UN conference being held in Maputo in support
of the liberation movements in Zimbabwe and Namibia, Sudan proposed the formation of an
international peace force to keep peace in Rhodesia and Namibia. Information and
Culture Minister Bona. Malwal Madut Ring, who made the suggestion, said that the peace
force should primarily include African and Asian soldiers. His excellency expressed
E?dan's readiness to contribute a contingent (firgah) to the proposed peace force.
_iext] Robert Mugabe, the joint leader of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front, held a press
conference in Maputo today at which he said he hopes that today's conference will lead
to a greater number of countries increasing their material aid to the liberation move-
ments. In the press conference, Mugabe accused the Western powers of being involved
in the liberation struggle on the side of the Rhodesian regime. Robert Mugabe also
zaid that at the movement concrete measures to unify the armies of ZANU and ZAPU--the
mc:er..en.ts which make up the Patriotic Front--are underway.
[Text] At a press conference held in Maputo this morning, Hakim Ibrahim, foreign
minister of the Saharan Democratic Arab Republic, accused the OAU chairman of being
responsible for the fact that the extraordinary summit meeting on Sahara
M
has rot yet taken place.
It should be remembered that the last OAU summit meeting, which took place in Mauritius,
:c?ided to convene an extraordinary meeting to study the Saharan question.
foreign minister also stressed that the presence of a POLISARIO Front delegation at
e ".aguto conference was a great diplomatic victory for the Saharan people.
It should be stressed that Morocco and Mauritania are boycotting the conference in
support of the peoples of Namibia and Zimbabwe because of the presence of the POLISARIO
_rLnt.
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CONTINUED REPORTAGE ON UN CONFERENCE IN MAPUTO
PRC, USSR Clash Reported
PA181415Y Paris AFP in English 1325 GMT 18 May 77 PA
[Text] Maputo, Mozambique, !Sy 18 (APP)--China and the Soviet Union clashed here today
over the rebellion in Zaire's copper-rich Shaba Province by former Katangese gerdarmes.
Chinese Charge d'Affaires in Maputo Chao Yuan made a violent verbal attack on the
Soviet Union over its African policy. He was speaking on the third day of the United
Nations-sponsored conference here in support of southern African liberation movements.
He accused the "new czars" of having instigated the invasion of baba by numerous
"mercenaries," thus compromising the independence, sovereignty and territorial in-
tegrity of Zaire. Zaire has accused Angola, Cuba and the Soviet Untion of being be-
hind the March invasion of Shaba by the former Katangese gendarmes. All three countries
have denied the charge.
While Mr Chao did not specifically name Cuba, his use of the word "mercenaries" clearly
designated Cuban forces stationed in Angola. Bracketing the United States and the Soviet
Union together, Mr Chao affirmed that rivalry between the superpowers and social-
imperialist expansion had considerably increased the complexity of the southern African
situation. The Chinese delegate warned Africans against the danger of "letting the tiger
slip in through the back door while putting the wolf out the front door."
Again, not citing the United States specifically, Ni' Chao alleged that one superpower
was trying, by any means, to protect its interests in Africa, while the other, which
entered the scene at a later date, was animated by even greater ambition and more
sinister designs. In the Chinese view, the events in aire were an extension of
(Soviet) aggression in Angola and were a "new development in military and political
offensives in Africa, as well as continuation of the rivalry between the two superpowers
for control of Europe.
Applause of the African delegations present at the meeting was divided about evenly
between the Chinese delegation and the Soviet and Cuban delegations whichwere to re-
spond to Mr Chao.
Soviet spokesman Petr Yevsyukov, the ambassador to Mozambique, hastily scribled a re-
sponse to Mr Chao as the Chinese delegate attaeked.his nation. For the Soviet side,
the Chinese allegations were "crude and slanderous" accusations against the Soviet
Union. Mr Yevsyukov said it was clear that such slander was aimed at distracting the
conference from its constructive and serious discussion of the mobilization of efficient
aid to the peoples of Zimbabwe and Thmibia. The Soviet spokesman accused China of having
allied itself with imperialist and reactionary forces.
i`1.he Cuban delegate made a similar response. Cuban Communist arty Gentral Committee
member Raul Valdez Vivo said the Chinese attitude could cnly help imperialists and
reactionaries in Africa. Evoking the Angolan conflict in which the people's liberation
movement, backed by Cuban forces, took power, Mr Valdez Vivo accused China of taking
the side of "white mercenaries" and of the "fascist South African forces" who intervened
in the conflict. South Africa, China and Zaire backed the ;?LPLA's defeateri rivals in the
Angolan independence war, which ended in February 1976.
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II TER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Report on 18 May Proceedings
LD181353Y Maputo )omestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 18 JaY 77 LD/EA
[Text] The UN conference of support for the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia continued
in Maputo this morning with speeches by the representatives of Afghanistan, Finland,
the Philippines, China, Iran, Turkey, the USSR, Ethiopia, Trinidad and Tobago, the FRG,
Italy, Cuba and Malawi.
The Finnish delegate said that the UN % curity Council should propose a mandatory arms
embargo against South Africa.
The Chinese delegation called for a step up in the sanctions against Southern Rhodesia,
and for economic sanctions and an arms embargo against South Africa. It demanded that
the authorities of Southern Rhodesia transfer power to the liberation movements and
that the South African authorities withdraw from Namibia immediately and unconditionally.
The USSR expressed support for all the demands made by the liberation movements of
Zimbabwe and Namibia for the liquidation of the racist and colonialist regimes. The
Soviet delegate also condemned the support given to those regimes by the NATO countries
and reaffirmed that the USSR will continue to give moral, political, material and diplo-
mn.tic support to the liberation movements of southern Africa.
The Cuban representative said that only a few kilometers separate us from Zimbabwe and
Namibia, whose peoples suffer more than anyone in the world today, living in a martyrdom
matched only by that of the Palestinians and the Sahrans. Speaking of the imperialist
tactic of pitting Africans against Africans, the Cuban delegate quoted the Americans
themselves, who say-that the problem lies in changing the color of corpses.
T-DI81730Y Maputo Domestic ~rvice in Portuguese 1400 GMT 18 Pray 77 LD/EA
[Excerpt] Any aggression against Angola will be regarded as aggression against Cuba,
Raul '%ldez Vivo, Cuban Communist Party Central Committee member, told the international
conference of support for the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia in J'aputo today. The
address by Raul Valdez Vivo, who was one of,the last speakers this morning, was hailed
by many African delegates, especially members of the liberation movements of southern
Africa. The Wban leader denounced foreign interference in Zaire's internal affairs and
reaffirmed that no Cubans had crossed the Angolan border, contrary to the accusations
made by certain countries.
LD190926Y Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 G14T 19 Pb.y 77 LD/CA
(Text] The minister of foreign affairs, Dr Siteke Male, warned in 111hputo yesterday
that no negotiated settlement will be achieved in Zimbabwe and Namibia without the full
support of the liberation movements engaged in the armed struggle. Addressing the current
United Nations conference in Paputo, Dr Male said the only successful negotiated settle-
ment around the table will be the one which will take into account the nature of indepen-
dence that the liberation movements want.
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He told th. participants that it would succeed in its objectives if it recognized
the fact that the armed struggle was the principal means of achic.''n freedom.
The minister stated that the unreasonable stubbornness of the opprezsive regimes in
Zimbabwe and Namibia has not only stiffened resistance of the freedom fighters but
also sharpened the will for freedom among the black people. Dr !tale appealed to the
international community to increase military and other materials assistance and elevate
the international status of the Patriotic Front to enable them to resist while minority
aggression.
Dr Male said any initiative for a negotiated s ttlement in Zimbabwe should seriously
consider the existence of the war situation there and the threats by rebel leader Ian
Smith to attack independent neighboring African states. He condemned the Smith regime's
oppression against Botswana and the new threats to attack Zambia, adding that no amount
of intimidation and threats of blackmail will alter Zambia's commitment to the liberation
struggle of all oppressed peoples of the southern Afrj.can regime.
The minister also condemned oil companies violating United ',htions sanctions and voiced
Zambia's concern about the British Government's tactics in concealing the activities of
these companies. Dr T44ale called for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of
South Africa from Namibia, which it rules in defiance of (kited Nations resolutions.
He declared that any United Nations moves toward a political settlement in Namibia
should include SWAPO, the authentic representative of the oppressed masses.
The minister praised President Samora Machel of Tbzambique and Prime Minister Michael
Manley of Jamaica for their contributions to the conference, which the meeting would
do well to consider seriously in its deliberations.
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TAB A-2
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VIII. 27May77 S 0 U T H E R N AFRICA E1
ANGOLA
JORNAL DE ANGOLA COMMENTS ON REMOVAL OF IFACTIONALISTS'
LD262O20Y Belgrade TANJUG in English 1545 GMT 26 May 77 LD
["Pool" item]
[Text] Luanda, May 26, (TANJUG)--In a sharp editorial on removing "two ringleaders of
the factionalist group" from the Central Committee of the MPLA, the Luanda JOURNAL DE
ANGOLA points out that, in making this move "guided by President Neto's idea" MPLA's
Central Committee has "unerringly frustrated another subversive scheme."
"With the semblance of a revolutionary coat over its shoulders, subversive activity
was based on blind. obedience to a non-Angolan policy, total subordination to imperial-
ist interests in Angola and clever violation of the fundamental principle of full
independence and nonalignment", the newspaper adds.
According to this editorial, "internally, the factionalists attempted to dissuade the
people from its main tasks; national defense and national reconstruction. In the
past and in the present alike, their intention was always the same: to split up the
MPLA and the people, to substitute for the old exploiters and satisfy imperialist
aspirations here in Angola", JOURNAL DE ANGOLA says.
The paper accuses these "chronicly ambitious" and "disguised lackeys of imperialism"
of "taking no account of definite conditions and. national historical realities".
Sincerely and truly, the MPLA's activists are voicing their support to the MPLA's
leadership and President Neto's thought, JOURNAL DE ANGOLA emphasizes in conclusion,
but warns at the same-time that "factional activity will not cease immediately" and
that the "ambitious." people will "for some time longer resort to all arguments that
come their way so as to further attack the correct orientation of the MPLATs Central
Committee". Therefore, the papar stresses that "an action of fundamental significance
is in store" for the MPLAls activists now; i.e., as President Neto pointed out, "a
real and serious battle against all the factionalists found in the way."
The situation in Luanda is absolutely normal, and, in the statements of support appear-
ing in the press, on radio and TV, most often emphasis is placed on President Neto's
being "the indisputable leader of the Angolan revolution" and he is being requested to
"take decisive measures against the saboteurs of the revolution."
The decision to remove from Angola's top circles the faction which, according to (?some)
assessments, has made it very difficult to consolidate the hard internal situation in
Angola, is surely indicative of the strength and self-confidence of the nation's
political and miltary leadership with President Agostinho Neto at the head. Another
element in favour of such assessments is the fact that this was done at the very moment
when puppet movements in the south and north of Angola intensify their plotting [words
indistinct] the country, on top of exceptional tension over Shaba, has come under
strong outside pressures.
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GUNFIRE, EXPLOSIONS REPORTED IN LUANDA 27 MAY
TANJUG Report
LD270958Y Belgrade TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 0925 GMT 27 May 77 LD
(Excerpts] Luanda--TANJUG correspondent in Luanda Dragen Blagojevic--This morning
from 0300 to 0830 firing from automatic weapons and explosions, sometimes very strong,
were heard around the Presidential Palace, army headquarters and the prison in Luanda.
The town is practically empty. Here and there soldiers are checking all vehicles and
radio Luanda has begun broadcasting an invitation to the population to attend "a large
meeting near the Presidential Palace."
At about 1000, trucks full of soldiers appeared in the streets. They were fully
equipped and headed toward the Presidential Palace. There are no police on the streets,
and a large number of civilians armed with automatic and light arms can be seen. The
slogans "long live the people, down with the enemies of the workers and peasants" can
be heard, but it is impossible to tell who they are talking about.
The Cuban soldiers in Luanda refuse to say anything about the nature of the events
and advise strict adherence to the demands of the soldiers for identification and
car searches.
In answer to a question of whether the rebellion has been crushed or not, the Cuban
soldiers said somewhat ambiguously: "Reaction has naturally been defeated. What
else would happen."
It is striking that last night's action came about after Lucio Lara, MPLA general
secretary, last night read out an announcement in which the MPLA Politburo called
Nito Alves "the head of the faction" and accused him, together with a certain Nito
Alves, of leading the secret committee within the MPLA and "developing extremely
secret methods for taking over power." Lara said the factionalists, accusing the
MPLA Politburo of being Maoist and anti-Soviet, have attempted to destroy the
"permanent friendship between the MPLA and the CPSU and between the Angolan and Soviet
peoples."
Sporadic and periodic firing can still be heard from the streets. It has also been
noticed that the people are running from the President's Palace toward the town center.
It seems that the approach to the President's Palace is blocked by trucks full of
soldiers. It also seems that the large meeting to which radio Luanda was calling the
people has not been held. Radio Luanda's microphone has also been used by an unidenti-
fied political commissar of the Angolan Armed Forces (PAPLA) who apologized to commander
Chieto, head of FAPLA headquarters, and explained that the "action was not an attempt
at a coup but its participants merely wanted to acquaint the government with some
of its demands."
This statement perhaps leads one to the conclusion that only some army units took
part in the action. The opinion is held among observers that the action has not
succeeded and that now some sort of compromise is being sought. However,
confusion is further increased by the statement by the above-mentioned commissar
that Nito Alves had just walked through the radio Luanda studio.
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eB -,re'Mcles hav again gun moving in the streets of Luanda and the firing has stopped.
The ZhIIU AJ' cor_ `spozndant also experienced some moments of drama when soldiers burst into
the telecommunications building and demanded all those present to produce their documents.
The checking of personal documents and the search went off without incident and, as
the TiNJUG correspondent reports, the soldiers even said a friendly goodbye at the end.
The TvHJUG cerr spondent also reports that all Yugoslav citizens in Luanda are alive
and well and gathered together in the embassy or hotels.
0W271037Y Fa.rss AF? in English 0932 GMT 27 May 77 OW
[Text1 L;L'ancia, Hay 27 (PPj--Shooting and explosions were heard in several quarters of
Lu?_nda between 0300 and 0700 GMT today. By 0830 GMT the streets of the 'Angolan capital
were deserted; shops were shut and troops of the Angolan People's Liberation Forces
(FABIA) were operating numerous checkpoints.
,Sizoot-ng vas z pcr`ed from I:utambe Square In the centre of Luanda between troops and
d-_-mc:-rLi Pto_s ho flocked there in response to the radio appeal. Jeeps with machineguns,
a !rLci. e(i o end lorries packed with troops were patrolling the town.
7t 2th:.at the radio was under the control of supporters of Nito Alves,
Read of an. r~L? spl'-) er group who was expelled from the party Central Committee on
Sa c u d^. aim Z, w .th Jose Van Dunen, the armed forces political commissar.
i.^r?.?= ter' ac_here said the predawn clashes were probably between security forces
..,d atten_pt'zzg to attack the prison where he is being held.
f:','s~.( 5~rq Faz-i, APP fa English 1152 G?f!' 27 Fay 77 OW
[?,~; ~~ ?rt ; Luanda, y77 (AF?)--Progoven,nent forces, backed by Cubans, recaptured
f tgcl`n radio at 1045 G!'i..i today.
?-.ere thrown into confusion as forces "loyal to President Agostinho Neto"
L,.'?Tr's ?d t stt~ os. Listeners could hear Cuban-accented voices over the air.
let-ax, a tro.-&2ster announced the situation was normal. "The radio is in the h2.nds of
tz TcC>i+14~ ''aty t .?_z L-Innfla. The announcer began reading slogans, including: We are passing
the re~clut!o s greatest test, everyone to the demonstration in front of
V- .c, x, es:.desit l Palace, and the fundan ntal interests of our revolution are the interests
a_ th-z zest e4?lojted class. He said that radio Luanda is controlled by the "action
comni tt--ee" of the 11PLf. I
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304RsOugA91Ag9f 94-8
No slogans supporting Angolan President Agostinho Neto were heard.
At 0820 GMT the announcer continued by praising FAPLA--the Popular Armed Forces for
the Liberation of Angola--and said: "By an action carried out today bythe MPLA's
consistent militants, warriors of the people's revolution, who have been arrested and
accused of treason to the revolution, are now free. The Luanda masses are holding
a big rally."
At 0834 GMT the announcer said: Liberty for Comrade Jose Van Dunen, death to
reactionaries. Radio Nacional De Angola, broadcasting to the whole country, is
under the control of the action committee. We request that all regional transmitters
cooperate with us by contacting us to learn about the context of the revolutionary
process.
LD271134 [Editorial report LD) Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese at 0840 GMT on
27 May reported that a great demonstration was being held by the "broad popular masses"
in Luanda, with thousands of people massed in front of the building of Radio National
De Angola, together with thousands of members of FAPLA who have succeeded in "turning
the tables" in the country. The announcer want on to say: "Radio National De Angola
is under the control of MPLA militants and no longer belongs to the former agents of
PIDE-DGS [former Portuguese political police]. The radio has now been handed over to
its true children and legitimate representatives. The false propaganda put out by
the former servants of colonialism will never again be heard. FAPLA, the armed wing
of the people, guarantees the security of the people."
This was followed by the slogans: long live popular insurrection; long live FAPLA;
the people have won and will always win.
A?-'0927 GMT the annoucer called for the release of Nito Alves and Jose Van Dunen--
ex;:~iled recently from the NPLA Central Committee--so that they can "publicly answer
the !infounded charges of being splittists."
At 0935 GMT a FAPLA commisar took the microphone to convey revolutionary greetings to
the Angola people. He said that the people are living through an historic moment. He
added that the members of the MPLA Central Committee were involved in ideological
disagreement but not splittsim.
At 0947 GMT an unidentified speaker said: "The Angolan fatherland has dust been
saved from the cliff. This is the end of an era of exploitation. The popular masses,
supported by FAPLA, have had enough. The Angolan people have installed in Luanda a
revolutionary dictatorship of the exploited class. The prisons in Luanda are waiting
for corrupt ministers who have done nothing but exploit the people."
At 0951 GDTT another unidentified speaker said: "Comrades and working people of Angola,
the people-FAPLA alliance has definitely ended the march our country was taking
toward the precipice. The militants arrested for high treason have already been freed.
The people are demonstrating for workers and peasants freedom. Gather in front of
Radio National. Lcng live the MPLA! Long live the Angolan people! Long live popular
insurrection? The struggle continues, victory is certain!"
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At 1015 GMT an unidentified speaker said' Luanda radio is under the control of the MPLA
action committee. The revolutionary process that started this morning is now well under-
way. It was defended with arms in hand.
The speaker went on to say that messages of support have been received from an MPLA youth
wing branch in Luanda.
At 1020 GILT the radio stopped broadcasting in the middle of a song.
LD271141 [Editorial report LD] After being off the air for 50 minutes, Luanda Domestic
Service in Portuguese came back on the air at 1119 GMT with the following announcement:
"Forces faithful to Comrade President Agostinho Neto again control our station. We
are again on the air. Long live Comrade Agostinho Neto."
LD271340 [Editorial report LD] Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese announced at
1204 GMT: "Comrades, the adventure of half a dozen splittists is over. Long live Comrade
Agostinho Neto. The struggle continues. Within a few minutes, Comrade President Agostinho
Neto will address the nation."
At 1210 GMT the radio announced: "We request that all regional relay stations link up
with Radio National De Angola to broadcast the address which Comrade Agostinho Neto will
shortly make to the nation."
The radio declared at 1216 GMT: "The situation is under control. Down with divisionism.
Long live Comrade Agostinho Neto, the struggle continues."
As of 1300 GMT, Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese was playing music interspersed
with the announcements cited above, with no further rention of Neto's address heard.
NPIA Issues Communique
LD271347Y Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1230 GMT 27 Nhy 77 LD
[Text] Here is a communique from the MPLA Political Bureau:
People of Angola, militants of the NPIA, population of Luanda: Agitators in the pay
of international imperialists and of internal reaction attempted during the early hours
of this morning to provoke a situation of caufuuusion and destruction, [word indistinct]
the people with slogans which are counterrevolutionary. [Words indistinct] attempted
to drag the people of Luanda to [word indistinct] demonstrations against the Government
of the People's Republic of Angola, not hesitating, in their attempt to achieve these
aims, to use the name of the MPLA.
The NTLA Central Comiittee, responsible MPLA rilitants, the FAPLA general headquarters,
the Government of the People's Republic of Angola, (?under) the undisputable leader of
the Angolan revolution Comrade President Agostinho 'veto, announce that they control
the situation.
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All FAPLA soldiers should return to their bases and await orders from the general head-
quarters and from the commanders of the revolution.
The MPLA militants in Luanda should explain to the population that they must return
home, thus making it easier to detect the counterrevolutionaries.
Comrade President Agostinho Neto will still address the nation today.
Long live the MPLA; long live Comrade President Agostinho Neto; down with the agents
of imperialism; down with adventurist splittists; the struggle continues; victory is
certain.
[signed] The political Bureau of the MPLA
LD271502 [Editorial report LD] Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese at 1354 GMT on
27 May carried an address to the nation by Angolan President Agostinho Neto. Reception
of the speech was extremely poor. The first 5 minutes of the address were largely
uronitorable, but Neto was heard to say: "The revolution must be defended by the
Angolan people."
Turning his attention to Nito Alves and Jose Van Dunen, the "splittists" expelled
recently from the MPLA Central Committee, Neto said that they "will have to carry out
a great job of rehabilitation to be able to return to the ranks of the movement as
leaders."
The president continued by saying that "what has happened today is a terrible thing,"
and he added: "There were men who died. There were men--men and women--who were
injured." '
The re: of the address, which ended at 1406 GMT, was ununonitorable.
NETO: PTO CUBANS, ANGOLANS OR SOVIETS IN SHABA
FL261LOOY Havana Domestic Service in Spanish 1045 GMT 26 May 77 FL
[Text] Angolan President A?ostinho Neto has declared that he has verified there are no
Angolans, Cubans or Soviets among the rebels fighting in Zaire's Shaba Province and
that the false accusations made by Zaire's President Mobutu Sese Seko are aimed at
psychologically preparing world public opinion for an aggression against Angola. Mobutu
made such statements because he is afraid of the nearby presence of revolutionary
Angola and its socialist path, he added.
[Text] Paris, May 27 (AFP)--Angola will not allow its territory to be used as a
"logistic base" for attack against any independent African country, Angolan President
Agostinho Neto said in an interview with the Paris-published left-wing magazine
AF?ICUE-ASIE, published here. President Neto stressed that his country adhered to the
principle of "noninterference in the internal affairs of other states."
However, he said that he could not stop assisting the thousands of refugees who continue
to pour into Angola.
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"Vie give them medicine, food and clothes to the extent possible, but nobody should expect
us to allow our territory to be turned into a logistic base," he added. The Angolan
leader said his country would have to run to international relief agencies for help in
assisting "all these refugees." He said he did not rule out assistance through "bilateral
contacts with developed countries."
Discussing the rebellion in Zaire's southern Shaba Province, which allegedly Angolan-based
Katangese insurgents invaded last March, Mr Neto said he had not encouraged Zairese
refugees to take part "in the uprising against the regime of (President) Mobuto (Sese
Seko)." While admitting that some Angolan-based Zairese refugees took part in the Shaba
conflict, bir Neto denied any direct Angolan role. He stressed that the conflict was
an anti-Mobutu uprising by the Zairese people, "many of whom are now in the bush."
Turning to the hostility of moderate African states toward his regime, the Angolan
leader said they were "freightened" by Angola's "progressive," anti-imperialist path.
He stressed that the real issue was his country's "socialist option" and described
the paranoia of "reactionary" African states over Soviet and Cuban presence in his
country as "cheap, idle talk." He added that "capitalist countries are deploying
major efforts to prevent the full independence of Namibia (South-West Africa) and
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia). They are trying to stop the development of armed struggle in their
own interests, or rather, in those of the monopolies, the transnational companies."
"The frontline states (Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana) must give
maximum effort to the armed struggle, which we all believe to be the only way to
guarantee the political solution most suitable to the aspiration of the people" of
Rhodesia and Namibia, he said.
TANJUG CITES JORNAL DE A;;GOLA ON SHASTA SITUATION
LD252127Y Belgrade TANJUG in English 1610 GIMP 25 May 77 LD
[Text] Luanda, May 25 (TANJUG)--Zaire has regained its territorial integrity, according
i,u President Mobutu, while the leader of the Katangan rebels, General Mlbumba, after the
frtl of the last Katangan stronghold, the town of Dilolo on the Zairean-Angolan frontier,
sa that guerrilla warfare is just beginning.
The JORNAL DE ANGOLA here rakes a similar assessment, emphasizing that in "Shaba it is
only the beginning," which, along with reports. arriving from the Shaba Province, point
to a lull "full of electricity" on the Angolan-Zairean frontier and the tension of
waiting to see what will happen next not having lessened at all.
Zairean and Moroccan troops took Dilolo, an important railway junction on the Zairean-
Angolan frontier, and what feared would happen did not materialize. "The Katangans,"
or members of "the National Front for the Liberation of Congo" (FNLC), or whatever they
are called, did not flee in mass to their old bases in Angola, at least according to
reports received so far. The Zairean and I?broccan units were therefore left with no
excuse for penetrating into Angolan territory, in their pursuit, and thus provoking a
response by Angolan-Cuban units. That is precisely what was feared, for as warned in
Luanda and other quarters this would have provoked a conflict of unforeseeable consequences..
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According to reports from Shaba, the reason for this outcome lies in the fact that the
"Katangans" have changed the tactics of warfare, and instead of risking direct clashes
with obviously stronger Zairean-Moroccan units, decided to leave the towns and withdraw
to forests and savannas.
Large parts of the population of the towns from which the "Katangans" retreated also
pithdrew to the woods, said refugees, mostly Europeans, passing through Luanda on their
way to Europe. Informed sources state that many people of Shaba, and troops which
deserted from the Zairean Army, joined the Katanga rebels, whose ranks are considerably
reinforced by these. The same circles, considered to be well-informed, say they
captured great quantities of ammunition and light and heavy weapons.
The outcome of the Shaba developments is not yet in sight, while fears of possible
consequences can be seen in the latest warning by Angolan President Neto, calling on
the Angolans to be ready to fight and to defend their country. A certain signal of
decreasing tension could be the Moroccan statement that the withdrawal of Yb roccan
troops from Zaire is being considered, as is the withdrawal of Egyptian pilots.
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ANGOLA
REPORTAGE ON ABORTIVE COUP ATTEMPT IN LUANDA
Neto Speech on Luanda Events
LD272135Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1830 GMT 27 May 77 LD/$A
[Text] Through a special service from Radio Nacional De Angola to radio Mozambique,
here is the text of the speech given this afternoon by president Agostinho Neto:
[begin recording]
[Veto] Today I would like once again to affirm the resolve of athe LA nd make Central e
and [word indistinct] to continue along the revolutionary path
Angolans follow the path to socialism. It is a difficult one. It is a path which not
only embodies certain difficulties, but which also, it seems, generates misunderstandings
among members of our movement.
When we speak of socialism, what should we understand? We have a series of capitalist
countries, Western countries, which will be against us. (?These countries) are against
us and do not want us to follow this path. We have friendly countries, and even though
they are friends, they are countries which do not understand our orientation very
This is called hate: of some countries, of some African leaders, of some members of our
present world, who are not in agreement, who are not [words indistinct].
During the past 2 days we debated here in Angola some problems concerning our national
life, problems of the Angolan people, problems which are the business of the MPLA and of
our organization [word indistinct]. Some-Comrades [word indistinct], they thought that
our orientation would be aimed against them, that our choice would be against their own
personal interests [words indistinct] and so started to agitate.
Thus, this morning there was a certain disturbance in our country, namely, in Luanda,
that in no way corresponds with the real feelings of the people. We watched this. We
watched the development of the agitation. Some comrades became worried. Some comrades
did not fully understand what was going on.
But I would like to tell all comrades that you should keep your heads when faced with
events of this kind, because we must defend this revolution. The revolution must be
defended by the Angolan people. If it is not defended, we will (r?lose).. This revolu-
tion, which is defended by the Angolan people, must naturally result in benefits for
the Angolan people and not for any other.
What was attempted this morning was a bid to demonstrate that there is no revolution in
Angola any more; that there is no revolution because the splittists had been expelled
from the movement or had been pus}?ted aside from the Central Committee, as with Jose Van
Dunen and Nito Alves. Is this true? I think not. We cannot simply limit
of the movement, the activity of the Central Committee, to popi
obviously against the order of things, against its [word indistinct] unity. They were
y
expelled. And in my opinion they were rightly expelled from the Committee.reTheturn
e.reThey
will have to carry out a great rehabilitation process if they are
to the ranks of the movement as leaders.
I also believe that everything that happened today, and that could be repeated tomorrow
or the day after, is terrible. It is terrible because we lost (?lives). Men died today.
There are men, men and women, who were injured.
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Who is responsible? Right from the start we have denounced the question of splittism.
Why are the questions affecting this or that sector, this or that person, not debated
within the organization, the (?structure) of the movement? In practice this is the
way we should act. We should debate within the organization. But this was not what
some comrades wanted and so today we had to face this situation. Are we going to allow
splittism or not?
Yesterday the political bureau issued a statement which cleared up the question of
splittism, and I think that that is enough. It is not necessary to say more. But I
also feel that it is necessary for our people to be vigilant. They must not allow any
activity against the MPLA, the leadership of the MPLA, the government or against any
state body without there being a consensus in the organization itself (?and also) in
the leadership of the country. I believe that the events which took place today and
which made [words indistinct] will force us to take measures, perhaps not too pleasant,
against certain people who think they have in their hands all the truth regarding the
policies of our country. I believe that our people will understand the reason why we
will act with a certain harshness, why we will act in a drastic way with regard to
people who acted today in bad faith, who acted today in such a way as to disturb the
calm of our capital, thus giving an opportunity for imperialism again to attack our
country and movement, our people and country.
Comrades this is what I wanted to say. I hope that the measures which will be taken by
the Central Committee against those who disturbed the peace of our country, against
those who wanted to liquidate our movement and against those who took up arms to destroy
the MPLA will be well understood. ,[end recording]
LD271720Y Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0600 GMT 27 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] Here is a directive issued by the presidency of the republic yesterday:
Directive No 4/77:
In exercise of the power vested in me by clause (?9) of Article 92 of the constitution,
I relieve Pedro Fortunato Luis Manuel of the post of provincial commissar of Luanda in
accordance with the regulations regarding public service. Garcia Lourenco Vaz Contreiras,
who is municipal commissar of Luanda, will temporarily insure the continued functioning
of =he provincial commissariat.
Published in Luanda on 26 May 1977.
[signed] Antonio Agostinho Neto, president of the republic
FAPLA Imposes Curfew
LD27194BY Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1745 GMT 27 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] Attention people of Luanda, we are going to read a communique from the FAPLA
general staff:
The whole population of Luanda is informed that as of today, 27 May, a curfew has been
imposed from 1900 until 0600. All persons or vehicles found on the street during the
hours of the curfew without permission will be detained immediately. Any resistance
to the order of (?arrest) will be severely punished.
[signed] FAPL4 general staff
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VIII. 31 May 77 E 3
Intelligence Chief Killed
LD2720C5Y Lisbon Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 27 May 77 LD
[Text] According to ANOP, Helder Neto, one of the leading Angolan officials in charge
of DISA--the Angolan Intelligence and Security Directorate--was killed in Luanda this
morning. The circumstances surrounding his death are still unknown, but it is believed
that he was murdered by people involved in the uprising. It has not been possible to
obtain any information about the number of people killed and injured in the clashes.
Luanda (Somewhat Quieten 27 May
LD271957Y Belgrade TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 1935 GMT
(Excerpt] Luanda--TANJUG correspondent in Luanda Dragan Blagojevic--The situation in
Luanda is somewhat quieter. Civilian vehidles and ambulances are cruising in the streets,
and one or two citizens are leaving the city, although the authorities have asked the
people over the radio to remain in their houses.
It has been learned that the attacks by the members of the faction this morning were
directed at he Presidential Palace, the Ministry of Defense and the general staff, which
are in the ime district; and also at the Sao Paulo prison, which is on the other side of
the city nc: far from the diplomatic quarter and the port. It was there, apparently,
that the me '::.'severe battles were waged. In various parts of the city concentrations of
armored vehicles have been observed.
LD280144Y Lisbon Domestic Service in Portuguese 2300 GMT 27 May 77 LD
(Text) A few minutes ago we received directly from Radio Nacional De Angola anoiher
radio and television speech delivered by President Agostinho Neto. Tnis speech was
given about 2 hours ago. It is what one might call last-minute news. After a brief
glance at President Neto's latest speech, it seems that he has substantially hardened
his stand toward the splittists, as he describes them. He states that there is concrete
evidence of conspiracy against the MPLA. Here is what he had to say: [begin recording]
[Veto] There would have been no need for a new address, to the country [words indistinct]
from the one I delivered a few days ago [words indistinct]. Incidents which we regard
as serious took place [words indistinct] in Luanda. Such incidents were serious because
they led to the loss of human lives. This means the splittists whom we condemned a short
while ago did not hesitate in killing some of our comrades and some of our fellow country-
men to attain their goals. This situation obviously forces us to adopt a certain stand
and to ponder the meaning of this splittism.
It has thus been confirmed--although this was a rather distressing way to confirm it--
that we are in the presence of splittism. When we said there were parallel organizations
[words indistinct). It has also been confirmed that their behavior is characterized by
violence, racism, tribalism and regionalism. Well, it has all the hallmarks of re-
action. We now have all the proof, and I lament that it is only now that we have the
factual evidence of the existence of this trend which has always acted against our movement.
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A
VIII. ay
Some of our comrades have not yet been located at this precise moment. We do not
know whether they are dead or alive. These comrades have spent their lives fighting
for the independence of our country and for the freedom of the Angolan people. At
this moment we do not know their condition because they were kidnaped and taken to
unknown locations. They will be found, however. Their bodies will be found if they
have been killed [words indistinct] alive. The fact is that all this auses a split
among the people. This was exactly what we condemned and fought against because
division causes violence and violence leads to this situation and does not help
socialism in our country.
Obviously, as unyielding defenders of our people and our Angolan motherland, we (?want
to lead them) with lucidity and the firmness which characterizes the MPLA. Today, all
the splittist leaders have fled our capital and are hiding. However, they will be found
tomorrow and then they will be tried and themovement will pass judgment on them. There
will be justice. At a time when we are fighting forces attacking us from abroad, it
is very strange that the leftists and the ultrarevolutionaries should also attack us.
This alliance is very strange. It is a kind of combination. And it is very difficult
to realize at this moment what the connections existing between [words indistinct]
really are.
However, within 2 or 3 months we will know everything. I hope the Angolan people,
particularly the people of Luanda, will not confuse this situation with the national
liberation struggle which we waged for a long time against Portuguese colonialism.
This particular situation was brought about by ambitious people and by many fellow
countrymen who did not understand that the national guidelines we are pursuing lead
to national unity.
I hope, on the other hand, that those who have been deceived will, in view of the murders
and crimes committed today, consider the future of our country. They took advantage of
everything: of (?supplies), of lack of transport and many other things. But in the end
the goal was to defend two or three people who are nothing but supporters of reaction.
Nobody can say that these comrades--or former comrades--are defending the revolution.
They are defending (?racism), counterrevolution and reaction. I hope, comrades, we
will be able to find out many other things tonight and in due course the country's or
the movements's leadership will make a public statement about all that will eventually
be found out.
I also want to say once again that there will not be axy kind of mercy or pardon for
those who involved themselves in a struggle against the MPLA. A few months ago we spoke
about tolerance but this tolerance was not properly interpreted. There will no longer
be tolerance. We are going to act harshly and firmly. [end recording]
People Urged To Return to Work
LD281324Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0410 GMT 28 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] Radio Nacional De Angola is broadcasting together with the entire regional
radio network. Comrades, now that the [word indistinct] adventure, during which some
(?desperate people) tried to endanger the situation in Luanda is over, we must return
to work.
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Life is completely normal. We should therefore return in force to the most important
task of the moment: to production. Today, everybody must go to his place of work.
This may be a farm, a factory, or an enterprise. From Cabinda to Cunene, only one people,
one nation. Marching behind Comrade Neto, the struggle continues. Victory is certain.
LD281326Y Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0900 GMT 28 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] A meeting of the general secretariat of the National Union of Workers of Angola
[UNTA] has been underway since 0900 this morning, attended by members of the provincial
secretariats and the organizing commissions of the trade unions of all branches. This
important meeting is being chaired by Comrade Aristides Van Dunen, member of the MPLA
Central Committee and secretary general of UNTA.
The general secretariat of UNTA yesterday addressed a communique to all Angolan workers,
through Secretary General Comrade Aristides Van Dunen, denouncing the maneuvers of imperi-
alism and calling on all workers in our country to act calmly and return to their places
of work in peace. The general secretariat of UNTA also called on the working masses
throughout the country to stand united behind the ?PLA and our dear guide, Comrade Agostinho.
In response to the UNTA appeals., the workers of our capital this morning returned to
their places of work to carry on with their revolutionary task.
LD282027 [Editorial Report LD] Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese at 1605 GMT on
28 May broadcast the following announcement:
"The adventurers who attempted a coup d'etat early on 27 May are the same as the FNLA,
UNITA, the Portuguese'liberation army, South Africans and the whole of the imperialist
clique which they tried to release. They assassinated our comrades, whose burned bodies
..ere discovered. They are from the FNLA. The [word indistinct] lackeys Nito Alves, Jose
Van Dunen And others have deceived some soldiers. They deceived the people. And they,
the leaders, ran away like the puppet lackeys of the FNLA. As Comrade President 'Veto said:
It is necessary to wage a serious and true combat against all splittists whom you may find.
The splittists killed. The splittists will not escape their revolutionary punishment.
"The allies of the FNLA attempted to open the way to this group and to the new Zairian,
South African and now, as a novelty, also the Moroccan invasion.
"The ?dvrr_turers have killed some of the best sons of Angola. Former fighters, those
who had been militants from the inception of the NPLA, have been brutally assassinated.
The Angolan people cannot forgive these crimes. Revolutionary justice will fall without
mercy on the splittist adventurers.
"The rebels said that they represented MPLA. Chipenda also said he represented the MPLA.
And Chipenda is today- with the FNLA.
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VIII. Approved
May 77
"Comrade Agostinho Neto is the true defender of the MPLA and of the Angolan people.
He who is with the Nito clique is against Agostinho Neto. And he who is against
Agostinho Neto, undisputed warrior of the people, is against the Angolan people. He
who is with the Nito clique is, then, against the Angolan people."
At 1638 GMT Luanda Domestic broadcast the following: "While the Zairians attack the
north and the east, while the South Africans bomb the south, while imperialism attacks
the borders and kills Angolans, the clique of the assassins, Nito Alves and Jose Van
Dunen, try in Luanda to destroy the glorious MPLA and those who led it to the
liberation of the fatherland. The splittists have killed. The splittists will be
punished without mercy."
Luanda 'Completely Normal' 28 May
LD281925Y Belgrade TANJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 1730 GMT 28 May 77 LD
[Excerpts] Luanda--Report by TANJUG special correspondent Dragan Blagojevic--The
situation in Luanda today is completely normal, and nearly all shops and public
institutions are open. JORNAL DE ANGOLA was published in Luanda today. In the
streets, full of people and cars, one could see groups of policemen and soldiers
carrying automatic weapons. Soldiers and police are not searching passers-by and cars,
but the approaches to the Presidential Palace, Sao Paulo prison and the Luanda radio
building are under strict control. Tanks and armored vehicles have been placed around
the Luanda radio building and the military hospital.
According to unofficial information received here, the kidnaped leaders include some
ministers and commanders of the Angolan Army. It has also been said that Andre Petroff,
commander of the Angolan people's police, was wounded when the attempted coup was
suppressed.
On the basis of information'that has been pieced together in the absence of an official
statement, the action of the splittists began at about 0400 on Friday, when Sao Paulo
prison was attacked. Despite stiff resistance, the splittists were able to free some
of their leaders.from the prison. It is being said that among those freed was Jose
Van Lh:nen.
Neto Makes Speech 28 May
LD28223P" Marnlto Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900-GMT 28 May 77 LD/EA
[Speech by President Agostinho Neto to Angolan people'delivered in Luanda on 28 May--
recorded]
[Text] Countrymen, Comrades. Today I have a sad duty to perform; to inform the country,
the Angolan people, of the assassination yesterday of: Comrades (Angere); Commander
(Paio) Da Silva (Mongu), MPLA Central Committee member, FAPLA general staff member and
Council of the Revolution member; Commander Eugenio Verissimo da Costa (Vaz), member of
the MPLA Central Committee, of the FAPLA general staff and of the Council of the
Revolution; Maj Saidi Vieira Dias Mingas, Central Committee member, Angolan minister of
finance and member of the Council of the Revolution; Commander Enrico Manuel Correia
Goncalves, member of the FAPLA general staff and of the Council of the Revolution;
Commander Jose Manuel (Paiva Bula), member of the FAPLA general staff and of the Council
of the Revolution; and Helder Ferreira Neto, member of the Angolan Information and
Security Directorate [DISA].
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s' III. 31 May 77 E 7 SOUTHERN AFRICA
As we had predicted, it was necessary to investigate the fate at the hands of the
counterrevolutionaries of the comrades who had disappeared. There are some doubts as
to the fate of some others, including Antonio Garcia Neves, director of economic affairs
in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and other comrade pioneers.
In the face of these facts, in the face of these crimes, which were committed in cold
blood, since the comrades were probably shot and then burned--their bodies were found
charred in vehicles--in the face of crimes which remind us of fascism, which remind us
of the (?periods) of FNLA activities here in Angola, we cannot but make some considera-
tions: In the first place, the [word indistinct] the radicalists, the counterrevolution-
aries almost always used the same methods as the reactionaries. There are no differences.
We are convinced that the only way to combat this wave that has hit Luanda is to ensure
that these people who disappeared today, and who are cetainly here in Luanda, are found
and then brought to justice. Some of those who took part in the crime are already under
arrest. And we will shortly announce the nature of the fate reserved for those people.
Certainly we will not lose too much time with trials. We are (?not) going to dictate a
sentence. We are not going to use the usual methods. This would not be just. When in
such an obviously fascist way, people who behave this way as defenders of the revolution.
(sentence as heard] This cannot be. We will take as little time as possible to solve
the problem. We will take decisions according to revolutionary law.
They went to Sao Paulo jail and wanted to free the mercenaries who were--if they wanted,
if the mercenaries wanted, they could leave the jail. [sentence as heard] By the force
of arms, by the force of, let us say, shouting and psychological pressure, they wanted
the mercenaries to leave the jail. [sentence as heard] People who had committed crimes
left the jail. People who were accused of having committed misdemeanors left the jail.
It is clear that all this must influence the behavior of the leadership, the leadership
of the country, the MPLA leadership and the leadership of the Angolan state.
is I have been saying since yesterday, we want [wards indistinct], all the more so since
L;iis situation is beginning to be exploited by our enemies. The international community
i,aE already started talking about the instability in Angola, of a certain agitation,
even though everything is badly translated, there is no clarity in the information, which
is normal. They are already talking about our relations--between Angola, the USSR and
samba. These problems are not at stake at the moment. There is no change whatsoever in
or political line. There is no change whatsoever in our relations.
B`-it the truth is that members of the FNLA, members of the Front for the Liberation of the
Cabinda Enclave, members of UNT_TA--and, if they so'wanted, the mercenaries also--they
could all have been freed from the jail. The criminals left the jails. [Words indistinct]
with this think (word indistinct] of freeing loyal patriots. Let there be no illusions
for those who are still in this position. The stances of the MPLA are very clear. Our
political line of thought is very clear and we know very well where we are going and with
ienom we are going.
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VIII. 31-May 77 B 8 SOUTHERN APR
We are fully convinced that these people who (?brought) [word indistinct] have not gone
very far, They are here in Luanda. And if they are not in Luanda, they are near Luanda.
So it is necessary for the population of Luanda to make an effort to discover where
they are, so that afterward they can pay for their crimes. They will be in some well-known
municipalities. All of this agitation started in [name indistinct]. It is pssibled l that there are branches in some-provinces,
to find not all. op o which were
contribute through their vigilance
committed.
It is necessary to find immediately, as soon as possible, Nito Alves and Jose Van Dunen.
Those who assassinated MPLA leaders mast pay for their crimes. And I am absolutely
certain that our people will contribute to finding the solution, the lust one, for
these problems. Obviously, we are going to find in various services, in various state
bodies, bodies of the movement and private organizations, people who contribute to this
(?agitation). We are going to find them. We will find them in PAPLA, we are going to
find them in the [word indistinct], we are going to find them in JISA, we are going to
find them in all organizations. We will find people who have not understood the true
meaning of the revolution in Angola. All of them will pay. All of them will pay for
their crimes. We cannot allow people who want to destroy the people's state of Angola
[words indistinct]. And saying this, it is possible that tomorrow some more people will
run to the [word indistinct] masses. They will not remain there for long. We are going
to find them.
I am grieved by the death of comrades who contributed toward the independence of Angola
who fought in the second region, in the first region, in the third and fourth and fifth
region, and who afterward disappeared in this way, in a terrible way. (?They were)
burned. How can this revolution reconcile itself to this violence, to this lack of
humanity? How? Are we really revolutionaries, all of us, or are we going to allow
reaction to be here in our country?
So, for this reason, comrades, in this speech. I wanted to say that I feel yery said. I
feel sad because of the disappearance of the comrades who were assassinated. And, on the
other hand: I also feel revolted, I also feel revolted. But this crime will be paid for
by those wh.; ' arried it out.
Thank you "^ry'muoh.
Embassy in Rome Issues Statement
AU282033Y Rte. ANSA in English 1930 GM."1' 28 May 77 AU
(Text] Rome, May 28 (ANSA)--The Angolan Embassy issued a statement here this afternoon
saying that the situation in the African country was completely calm after yesterday's
aborted coup by civilian and military groups headed by former Interior Minister Nita
Alves. The declaration attributed the putsch attempt to "internal reactionary forces
seeking to play the game of imperialism by using fractionist, racist and tribalist
maneuvers to try to divide the Angolan people and distract them from their main
objectives."
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 SOUTHERN AFRICA
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-ent admitted that the rebels included the ninth armored brigade and that for
ours the rc-J me of President Agostinho Neto had lost control of the national
H
'cation and the prison of San Paulo. It attributed the recovery and victory by the
rC??." -mm.:cnt forces to, among others, Cuban military contingents stationed in the former
Per iese territory.
!;, sy spokesman said that the statement was authorized by an unidentified official
04 :vling Angolan Popular Liberation Movement (MPLA), reported as having briefly
pas:c. `.'-rough Rome this morning. The statement declared in part:
"After the grave events of recent hours, the political-military situation in Luanda and
in Angola generally is calm and under the direct control of the MPLA and the Government
of the Angolan Peoplets Republic.
"Itnese events correspond to a global plan of international imperialism, in liaison with
internal reaction, for seeking the destabilization of the popular conquests achieved in
Angola under the leadership of the MPLA and its president, Agostinho Neto.
"This internal reaction sought to play the game of imperialism by using fractionist,
x.ei3t and tribalist maneuvers to try to divide the Angolan people and distract them
from their main objectives."
After expressing "regret" at what was termed "support from certain sectors of the popula-
tion" for the uprising and indicating the ninth armored brigade as a chief backer of
Alv s, the document concluded:
?7e can affirm that the situation is today under the total control of the MPLA and that
the people are mobilized for meeting any reactionary or imperialist attack in the interests
of consolidating Angolats socialist choice and its national reconstruction. The struggle
continues, victory is certain!"
LD291712Y Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0900 G14T 29 May 77 LD/EA
[Tea't' e general staff of the Peoplets Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angela
[FAPL."?r, has decided that the 1900-0600 curfew will remain in force today in accordance
.;ith , ~ communique issued on 27 May. Under the curfew, which applies to Luanda, any
uncut;:.-zed person or vehicle found moving during the hours of the curfew will be
detained. Furthermore, any violation of the curfew regulations or resistance to arrest
will be severely punished. This was laid down in the FAPLA general staff communique
imposing the curfew. We also request that all heads of public and private services,
*. rho owing to the nature of their activity, remain at work after curfew hours, contact
the FAPLA geeral staff for passes.
LD291316Y Belgrade VEJUG Domestic Service in Serbo-Croatian 1105 C94T 29 May 77 LD
2:c rptsl Luanda--Peace prevails today in Luanda, the capital of Angola. Judging by
u-;e announcement that an Alitalia plane will leave for Lusaka at 1600 today, it would
that the ai port in Luanda is open.
A dcree issued by the commanders of the Angolan national police has also been announced
today, calling on all members of this paramilitary organization to report without
fail to their units "in order to join the battle against the factionalists, reaction
and counterrevolution."
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VIII. 3 May 77
LD301757Y Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0600 awi 30 hay 77 Lb./EA
[Excerpt] Angolan people, comrade workers &nd peasants: Rightists are like UPA [Union
of the Angolan Peoples), FNLA and U1iITA. These splittist criminals, led by :9ito Alves
and Jose Van Dinen, have assassinated MPLA fighters. Their acts are condemned by all
patriots, who painfully realize that these fascists wanted to assume power in order to
impose their characteristic terror based on tribalism, racism and regionalism.
There will be no pardon for these rightist bandits, who do not shov the least respect fora
human life and t-ho have barbarously assassinated the deer rrwie, the people. We must hunt
them down and hand them over to the authorities of the People's Republ;.e of Angola so that
they may pay for their crimes. In fact, Comrade President Agc-rtinho Nato has stated, and
we quote him: There is no more tolerance and we Rra going to act in a firm and tough
manner.
But, comrades, this sad and disgusting event will not hold up our building a socialist
society.
PA302310Y Paris AFP in English 2241 GMT 30 Tay 77 PA
[Text] Luanda, May 30 (AFP)--Angolan authorities 4;ca3t;, rrrourced censofahip on foreign
journalists, who will be allowed to transmit only 'offIcta1 reran from now on, An APP
correspendeat was told that this meant ir_formotion broedoiet by fmgolsan radio and television
or published in the government newspaper, and it eruct be used in its "p: ecise form," without
comment or interpretation.
The defence minister has meanwhile refused to give: out passes tea you naliats allowing them
to move around during the curfew in force between 1800 GRIP and 0500 GIT [as received),
The ministry told newsmen through the Department of Revolution Orientation (CR0) that if
their pr-3ence was required anywhere during the curfou it would provide them with
transport.
There had been virtually no contact between official spokesmen and foreign jomrnalists since
th attempted coup that shook the capital last Friday. Telex links were officially said
to be out of order starting late Friday, Telephere lir?cs have remained open.
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MOZAMBIQUE AND RHODESIAN REPORTAGE ON
RHODESIAN ENTRY INTO MOZAMBIQUE
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FURTHER REPORTAGE ON RHODESIAN MILITARY INV I
Rhodesian Planes Downed
LD3O17558Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 30 May 77 LD/EA
[Teat] Forces of the Rhodesian racist army attacked the Province of Tete during the
weekend, according to a spokesman of the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic
of Mozambique. Early In the morning of 28 May helicopter-borne forces supported by the
Rhodesian Air Force unleashed an armed provocation against the Chioco locality. 120 km
somthwest of Tete. In the attack napalm bombs were dropped on the village. The
People's Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique immediately returned the fire. They
shot down two airoraft and one helicopter and routed the enemy troops.
Later, as has been announced. Smith's army attacked the people of the Chicualacuala
carried out considerethis d, according to the Defense
locality an Gaza Province in an acnat`cicwhich
Ministry spokesman. to be the biggest
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VIII. 1 Jun 77 AFRICA
LD301542Y Lisbon Domestic Service in Portuguese 1500 GMT 30 May 77 LD
[Text] A spokesman for the Mozambique Defense Ministry said in Maputo today that a massive
counteroffensive has been unleashed by Mozambique forces against the Rhodesian invasion
force, but he gave no indication of any losses of life.
MACHEL SENDS MESSAGE TO NETO CONCERNING COUP ATTEMPT
LD281533Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 28 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] The president of FRELIMO and the People's Republic of Mozambique, Samora Machel,
yesterday sent to his Angolan counterpart, Agostinho Neto, a message of congratulations
to the Angolan partiotic forces which liquidated yesterday's reactionary action in that
country. In his message President Samora Machel said that this attempt at blocking the
process of the construction of socialism in Angola is part of the vast imperialist con-
spiracy against the progressive African forces, particularly against the states with
peoples democracies.
The message from the supreme leader of the Mozambique revolution further stated that it
is significant that the reactionary conspiracy should coincide with the armed threats of
imperialism along Aawgola's btrdsrs. He stressed that after its crimes in Benin and in
Brazzaville, the enemy is again trying to smash revolutionary forces.
President Samora Machel ended by reaffirming our fraternal solidarity with the Angolan
people, with the MPLA and with President Agostinho Neto, and he requested the Angolan
president to convey to the bereaved families our condolences over the lives which were lost.
UK-U.S. CONSULTATIVE GROUP HOLDS TALKS ON RHODESIA
Talks With Mugabe
LD292023Y Maputo Voice of Zimbabwe in English to Rhodesia 1800 GMT 29 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] Maputo--Comrade Robert Mugabe, joint leader of the Patriotic Front, is holding
talks with the Anglo-American so-called consultative group led by British Foreign Office
offici~: John Graham and American Ambassador to Zambia Stephen Low in Maputo this evening.
Comrade 'ogabe is accompanied by Comrade (Muhammad Beti), (Professor Chidzero) and Rugare
Gumbo, ZANJ.informa tiaa< steretary,all members of the Patriotic Front.
The British consultative group arrived in Maputo today from racist Rhodesia, where the
group held talks with a riixber of imperialist [word indistinct], including talks with
the leader of the rebel gang, Ian Douglas Smith. The group is currently on a fact-find-
ing mission to sound the opinion of leaders of the Patriotic Front and the frontline states
about the possibility of creating a neocolonialist state in Zimbabwe. The group will
report back to its imperialist masters in London and Washington next week.
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VIII. 1 Jun 77
LD301227Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 30 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] The Anglo-American team which has been in Maputo since yesterday goes to Lusaka
this morning for talks with Joshua Nkomo, a ccleader of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe.
The team is made up of John Graham of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office,
Stephen Low, U.S. ambassador in Lusaka, and other British diplomats. Last night the
diplomats held talks with leaders of the Patriotic Front and with Armando Panguene,
Mozambique deputy minister of foreign affairs. The talks are aimed at finding a negotiated
settlement of the Zimbabwe problem.
LD292222Y Maputo Voice of Zimbabwe in English to Rhodesia 1800 GMT 29 May 77 LD/EA
[Summary) Maputo--Comrade Robert Mugabe, joint leader of the Patriotic Front, has sent
a message of condolences to President Neto following the recent events in Luanda. In
his message Mugabe said: "This is yet anther imperialist-inspired maneuver to try and
frustrate the revolutionary path charted out by your great party, the MPLA, and the heroic
people of Angola. We salute the gallant masses of Angola who made it possible for you to
counteract this dastardly act, perpetrated by imperialists, in a move to install a puppet
regime which would (?surrender) to their wills and desire."
MUGABE SAY RHODESIAN ATTACK SHOWS DESPERATION
LD202220Y Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 30 May 77 LD/EA
[Text] In statements made today to the Voice of Zimbabwe the joint leader of the Patriotic
Front, Robert Mugabe, said the latest attacks by Rhodesia on Mozambique should not be
seen as an iscla:ed act. Mugabe said those attacks are the logical follow-up to the
(Niazonia) and other similar massacres. Unable to combat the warriors within Zimbabwe,
Smi'...has desperately thrown himself against the civilian population and the Mozambique
peovle, said that leader of the Patriotic Front.
REPORTAGE ON 'HOT-PURSUIT RAIDS' INTO MOZAMBIQUE
Downing of Aircraft Denied
LD311O16Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 30 May 77 LD/CA
[Text] A spokesman for combined operations headquarters has categorically denied claims
by the FRELIMO regime in Mozambique that three Rhodesian aircraft have been shot down in
that country. A defense spokesman in Maputo claimed that two fighter aircraft and a
helicopter, part of what he termed a Rhodesian invading force, were shot down today.
He added that all three aircraft were shot down when they raided the area of Chioco in
the Tete Province of Mozambique. Rhodesian Security Forces are further accused of dropping
napalm bombs on targets within Mozambique during the current series of raids, which
started yesterday.
All such allegations have been categorically denied in Salisbury. Combined operations
headquarters, in communiques issued yesterday and today, have stated that the present
hot-pursuit raids have been conducted in the vicinity of Vila Salazar, in the southeast
of Rhodesia.
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LD311024Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 30 May 77 LD/CA
[Text] The hot-pursuit strike into Mozambique by Rhodesian forces appears to be continu-
ing. In the operation, involving ground troops with air support, and which began yester-
day, the Rhodesian forces have already destroyed three terrorist base camps, one of them
the command center for all incursions by terrorist gangs into southeastern Rhodesia.
Here is the text of a communique issued earlier today:
Combined operations headquarters reports that in continued followup operations Security
Forces have overrun and destroyed two more terrorist bases. A quantity of war materiel
was destroyed in both cases. At 0830 this morning an attack was launched on the terrorist
headquarters and main supply base in the area of Mafai, 95 kilometers south of Vila
Salazar. The base, which was the controlling center for all incursions into the southeast
of Rhodesia, was destroyed, together with large quantities of weapons, ammunitions, explo-
sives and equipment. Since the communique issued yesterday, eight more terrorists have
been killed and there have been no Security Force casualties.
This is the end of the communique.
Spokesman on UK Condemnation
LD311028Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 30 May 77 LD/CA
[Excerpt] The British Government has condemned the Rhodesian hot-pursuit action. A
spokesman for the Foreign Office in Whitehall said that the British Government's reaction
is the same as always in such cases: The Rhodesians have no right to take such action.
Commenting on the Foreign Office statement, a spokesman for combined operations head-
quarters in Salisbury told the Rhodesian Broadcasting Corporation that the Rhodesian
position on the principle of hot pursuit also remains the same. The spokesman said that
the Security Forces will continue to take such action so long as it is in Rhodesia's
interest.
[Excerpt] Salisbury, May
31
(AFP)--Rhodesian Security Forces have captured
the
southern
Mozambique town of Mapal
announced here today.
in
their drive against nationalist guerrilla bases,
it
was
Rhodesia's commander of combined operations, General Peter Walls, announced the capture
of the town, which lies about 75 kms (45 miles) southeast of the frontier with Rhodesia
and near the border with South Africa. Mapai is in the Limpopo River valley and near the
railway from Maputo to Rhodesia.
LD011055Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1610 GMT 31 May 77 LD/CA
[Excerpts] The Rhodesian hot-pursuit strike into Mozambique is now in its 3d day with
no indication of the force being withdrawn. The commander of combined operations,
Lieutenant General Walls, gave a news briefing this afternoon.
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In the briefing Lieutenant General'W:lls said Rhodesian forces are still in Mozambique
and will stay there as long as n.cc::sary. General V:-11_ told newsmen today that the
aim of the recent raids into Mozambique was to destroy terrorist base camps and disrupt
the terrorist chain of command. General Walls said that his headquarters had prior
knowledge of the existence of the bases. [begin recording]
[Walls] We have known for some time that the key to our southeastern area, as pointed
out by the squadron-leader, has been a headquarters element of ZANLA'[Zimbabwe African
National Liberation Army] terrorists located in Mozambique, in the area of Mapai. In
conjunction with this controlling headquarters, there have been a number of base camps
to which recruits and abducated Africans from Rhodesia have been taken and from which
ZANLA terrorists have been launched into Rhodesia to murder, steal, damage and intimidate
law-abiding Rhodesians. As pointed out in our communique released on 29 May, as a
result of a followup operation in the southeast area, an attack was launched on Sunday,
29 May, on a camp known by the terrorists as Rio (Wanezi), which is a corruption, of
course, of Nuanetsi--that's it or. that map.
The existence of this camp has been '_mown for some considerable time, but we've been
unable , pinpoint it sufficiently well to launch an attack, and we wanted to substantiate
certain indications about its purpose. Information gained in a contact inside Rhodesia
gave .fficient intelligence to pinpoint the location, and this, coupled with the
folio;:up, led to an air strike and a ground-force action against rear camps in the
early hours of Sunday morning. The camp was occupied by ZANLA terrorists, but
unfort'aiately not in the numbers indicated by our intelligence as being normally in the
camp. Most of those who were there, though, were killed, an apparent total of 31.
I say apparent because, as you know, it's difficult to say exactly how many people
there are killed in an operation such as this when they run off into the bush.
From a study of the documents captured on Sunday morning, it was decided to continue
with the operation, as Rio camp did not hold all the terrorists known to be in the area.
The documents indicated that a terrorist training camp on the outskirts of Mapai was
well occupied and that4all logistic support and resupply for the terrorists in the Gaza
Pr" ince, that is in the southeast corner of the repulse area of operation, emanated
from the ZANLA headquarters in Mapai. It was necessary, therefore, to carry on with
the operation to achieve my aim of disrupting terrorist activity in that area as part
of the defense of Rhodesia and the maintenance of law and order. The attack on Mapai
was launched in the late hours of Sunday evening and continued during the night and on
Monday, 30 May. Although opposition was encountered, it was speedily overcome and the
town of Mapai was in Rhodesian hands early yesterday morning, that's 30 May. The
majority of terrorists had fled south, or should I say southeast in the direction
of Barragem, but the pursuit was not continued south of Mapai. A considerable quantity
of arms, ammunition, stores and supplies was either captured or destroyed in Mapai.
I should add that a considerable quantity of the same sort of material was found in Rio
and has either been destroyed or we are in the process of removing it.
The operation disrupted the chain of command and logistical support for the terrorists,
and I would like to pay a tribute to the troops and airmen who took part in the
operation, as it worked extremely well, with no planning, command or administrative
problems being encountered.
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All opposition was speedily overcome with only minor casualties being sustained.
Troops will be withdrawn from Mozambique as soon as they complete their tasks of
eliminating ZANLA terrorists in the area in question and destroying or removing arms,
ammunition and equipment dumps and caches. [end recording]
No Intention To Fight FRELIMO
LD011058Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 31 May 77 LD/CA
[Excerpt] General Walls said tonight that there were no civilians in Mapai when it
was taken, and so far Rhodesian forces have had no contact with those of FRELIMO troops.
The general emphasized that it is not the intention of the Rhodesian forces to fight
Mozambique Government troops as Rhodesia has no quarrel with its neighbors. He ex-
pressed disappointment at the low number of terrorists killed, but said that Rhodesian
forces had suffered only light casualties, not one fatality to date in this operation.
And he also dismissed allegations that Rhodesian aircraft had been shot down. Not one
of our aircraft is missing, he said.
LD011121Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 31 May 77 LD/CA
[Text] Combined operations headquarters reports with regret the deaths in action of
four members of the Security Forces. They are trooper (Christopher John Edmonds), who
was single and age 23; district assistant (Enos Sabanda), who was 24 and single;
(I.Bdiba Nouba), who was 37 and married; and (Wilfred I sunga), aged 30 and married.
All next of kin have been informed.
Four more terrorists, two terrorist recruits and three African men who were running
with and actively assisting a terrorist gang have been killed by Security Forces.
On the night of 28 May, in the Chipinga district, an unoccupied farmhouse was ransacked
and looted by terrorists. A communist mortar bomb, which had failed to detonate in a
recent attack on the Jersey tea estates, exploded and killed three African boys who
were playing with it at the time. On the night of 30 f?'tay, Vila Salazar was subjected
to a rocket and mortar attack from Mozambique. There were no casualties and Security
Forces returned the fire.
LD290744Y Johannesburg International Service in English 0300 GMT 29 !,ay 77 LD
[Text] The Rhodesian prime minister, Mr Ian Smith, says voting, franchise and safe-
guards for minority groups will probably be the most important items in any successful
conclusion to the new Anglo-American quest for a settlement of the Rhodesia situation.
In an American television interview released in Salisbury, Mr Smith said he did not
wish to arouse too much optimism, but the present initiative did seem to be more
businesslike than the talks in Geneva. He said that if the white man left because
reasonable standards of civilization were not maintained, the result would be absolute
chaos. There would be civil war among the black factions, and it would he far worse
than the sort of developments that followed independence in Angola.
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1
1?1r Smith said he did not expect increased pressure from South Africa as a result of the
Vorster-Mondale meeting in Vienna. He believed that if there was anything constructive
the South Africans could do or to help bring about a peaceful solution they would
(?lend) themselves to it. Asked whether his warning of a preemptive strike into Zambia
should terrorist incursions continue from there still stood, I-L^ Smith said that it did,
but it must be understood that there was no intention on Rhodesia's part of becoming,
the aggressor.
UK-U.S. CONSULTATIVE TEAM HOLDS SETTLEMENT TALKS
LD3O1200Y Salisbury Domestic Service in English 1600 G11T 27 May 77 LD/CA
[Text] The British-American consultative team continued their talks with senior
Rhodesian Government officials in Salisbury today. IANA (INTER-AF RICAN NEWS AGENCY]
says that the talks have covered all the basic constitutional points on the latest
proposal for a settlement. The mission, headed by the deputy under secretary at the
British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Mr John Graham, and the American ambassador
to Zambia, Mr Stephen Low, are expected to leave for Lusaka on Sunday.
MUDGE: 'SOME COMMON GROUND' WITH WEST ON TURNHALLE
LD271600Y PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION in English 1006 GMT 27 May 77 LD
[Text] Windhoek--Speaking in the second reading debate on the budget in the legislative
assembly here yesterday, Mr Dirk Mudge, the acting administrator, said he did not know
whether the Turnhalle would be able to agree on all points with the five Western
South-West Africa's nations [as received] negotiating in the dispute on South-West
Africa's future, but there was some common ground.
The Tu.rnhalle would go as far as it could toward meeting the Western countries without
deviating from its basic principles. He was glad discussions were continuing and was
optinzstic about the future. South-West Africa/Namibia would have to show the world
it inuerxied to solve its problems differently from the way some other African states
had Go ved theirs. The Turnhalle solution was not perfect, but it was good and
prac~icable.
Mr :fudge said South-West Africa/Namibia was grateful to South Africa for its financial
aid and for its defense of the territory's borders. South-West Africa/Namibia in turn
was pleased to be able to help'solve a problem many saw as a South African problem.
AFP REPORTS NAMIBIAN NATIONALIST 10CECUTED
TA301015Y Paris AFP in English 1010 GMT 30 May 77 TA
[Text] Windhoek, Namibia (South-West Africa), G9ay 30 (AFP)--A Namibian nationalist,
File-on Nhngolo, who was paralysed from the waist down, was hanged at dawn here today
for the murder of four whites last year, it was announced officially. I?iangolo, 26,
became paralysed after he was shot by South African forces who arrested him,
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TAB B
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LD1O1337Y Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 7 May 77 p 5 LD
[Irina Pogodina article: "Deceptive Maneuver"]
[Text] The second round of the talks on Namibia which diplomatic representatives of
the United States, Britain, France, the FRG and Canada are holding with the racist
authorities of the Republic of South Africa has ended. A meeting between U.S. Vice
President W. Mondale and South African Prime Minister Vorster is now being planned.
As the five Western countries assert, they are striving to insure that Pretoria fulfills
the UN resolutions on the granting of independence to Namibia which is being occupied
by the Republic of South Africa. Just what has prompted those who have hitherto
prevented the adoption in the United Nations of resolute measures against the South
African racists and colonialists to put forward this initiative?
The point is that the Namibian issue has become particularly acute in connection with
the general change in the situation in Africa, the strengthening of the positions of
progressive forces in the international arena and the successes of the national
liberation movement. The armed struggle by Namibia's people for their liberation--a
struggle headed by the South-West African People's Organization [SWAPO] mass political
organization--has intensified considerably of late.
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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
This is disturbing the Western countries which, REUTER notes, "have their own interests
in resolving the conflict." Pretoria provides the monopolies of the leading Western
countries with unimpeded access to Namibia's uranium and diamonds. Fearing that, as a
result of the armed struggle against the occupationists, power in Namibia will pass into
the hands of the genuine representatives of the people who will end the plundering of
the country's wealth by foreign capital, Pretoria's colonialists and their Western patrons
are working toward a sham "independence." They are hoping that a puppet government will
preserve their privileges.
Such plans are not new. However, as is well known, the United Nations has recognized
SWAPO as the sole legitimate representative of the Namibian people, and it is to precisely
this organization that power must be transferred.
The results of the recent talks have not been officially announced. But, according to
information leaked to the press, the results of the widely publicized Western initiative
are extremely modest. Pretoria is agreeing only to insignificant concessions while con-
tinuing to disregard the main demands of the UN resolutions, on Namibia: the immediate
withdrawal of South African troops, the holding of elections under UN control, the
termination of attempts to dismember the country on an ethnic basis and the release of
all political prisoners.
The Namibian people reject any maneuvers aimed at prolonging the colonial racist oppres-
sion on the country's territory. They are fully determined to struggle under SWAPO's
leadership until total victory.
LD092153Y Moscow in English to Africa 1830 GMT 9 May
[Aleksandr Fedorov commentary]
[Text] A correspondent of the Johannesburg STAR recently summed up the pronouncements
of Salisbury officials about the course of the guerrilla war. All their arguments boiled
down to the claim that the Zimbabwe national liberation forces are unable to expand their
military operations. Here is comment from our observer, Aleksandr Fedorov, This is
what he writes:
I meant to begin by saying I'm not a military observer. Yet the reason sing of the Salisbury
officials is so feeble and unconvincing that I don't think one needs military strategists
to refute it. [Words indistinct] is that the guerrillas are unable to increase their man-
power strength. But if this is so (?the) generals have refuted their own statements
because they told the police magazine ASSEGAI that the guerrillas did not have to face
the problem of recruiting mercenaries. They have been and continue to replenish their
ranks with local people who support them (?in towns and in the countryside). If this
were not the case, it makes one wonder why the self-defense forces would need a special
unit to combat recruiters. And finally it also makes one wonder why the authorities are
speeding up the construction of the so-called fortified hamlets into which rural dwellers
are being herded for the sole purpose of isolating the Zimbabwe national liberation forces.
Another so-called argument from the Salisbury officials is that the latest big guerrilla
offensive has changed nothing on the frontline. Indeed the offensive did not result in
victory over the Rhodesian Army but it demoralized the army nevertheless. Explosions on
the railways hindered ammunition supplies and the dispatching of troops to the northeastern
provinces to quell peasant uprisings. [as heard] Army Commander General Walls said
during the latest big guerrilla offensive that the armed forces might hold out not more
t__`.an 6 months. He emphasized that this eventuality was not ruled out at all.
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III. 11 May 77 H 8 USSR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
In mentioning the facts proving the strength of the Zimbabwe national liberation movement
no one intends to intimidate the settlers. The patriotic front leaders have underlined
repeatedly that they are not fighting the white civilians. They are fighting against
those who elevated racism to the ranks of national policy and who hope to continue the
oppression of the country's native population, and the settlers themselves have had a
chance to see that this is true. Yet it is not hard to imagine that the authorities'
high-sounding victory reports can only aggravate the white minority's position. The
allegations about the army's strength and the guerrillas' weakness may confuse those
who haven't yet made their choice. In a bid to retain power, Ian Smith is staking not
only on his Western sponsors: he also counts on the settlerst continued-isupport. Accord-
ing to the authoritiest scheme, the settlers should be led to believe that not everything
is lost yet and consequently they shouldn't complain about conscription, they shouldn't
dodge the draft, shouldn't demand the abolition of the numerous emergency (?tactics).
Ian Smith told his latest news conference that the temporary self-restrictions of the
whites and their belief in their own strength would help the Rhodesian Army to hold out.
The authorities also took into account the repercussions from the meeting held in Dar
es Salaam by representatives of the Zimbabwe (?patriotic front). The armed units of the
Zimbabwe African Peoplets Union, ZAPU, and the Zimbabwe African National Union, ZANU, have
been pooled to set up a united people's army. This development transformed the military
situation in h desia within a short time, in particular in view of the fact that the whole
of the African people fighting far their independence are supporting the national libera-
tion forces.
AUCCTU'S SHIBAYEV TALKS WITH BURUNDI AMBASSADOR
LD1O1O28Y Moscow TRUD in Russian 5 May 77 p 1 LD
(Text] On 4 Hay A.I. Shibayev, chairman of the AUCCTU, received Sylvere Gahungu, ambas-
sador of the Republic of Burundi to the USSR, at the latterts request.
The meeting took place in a warm atmosphere. Questions of interest to the two sides
were discussed, including problems of the development of bilateral friendly links
between the Lrade unions of the Republic of Burundi and the Soviet Union.
P.T. Pimenov, secretary of the AUCCTU, participated in the meeting.
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t' -5.3 .'Ai L :AFRICA
TASS REFUTES FRENCH REPO2I Cg SO'TIET iiAR 3A3E Ii: .iGAIDA
LD171417Y :ioscow in English to Africa 1330 GILT 17 I-lay 77 LD
[Text] The Soviet TASS news agency has refuted the report in the French paper i4ATIil
iE PARIS that the Soviet Union is building a war base in Uganda. The agency describes
the report as a fabrication intended to divert public attention from the imperialist
plans in southern Africa. TASS says the report appeared at a time when the Western
powers are trying to preserve the racist and colonial regimes in Rhodesia and Namibia.
LD130406Y Moscow in English to North America 2230 G- LT 17 IaI* 77 LD
[Text] The Rhodesian authorities have reported the killing of the American George
William Clar::e during a clash with the guerrillas, according to a report by the military
command in Salisbury. Clarke was a soldier in one of the units of the Rhodesian Army.
This confirms that the Smith regime is using foreign mercenaries in military operations
against the national liberation forces of Zimtabwe. News agencies report that there
are at least 1,000 mercenaries, 1100 of which are Americans, in Rhodesia. They are the
shoe:: force of the Smith punitive army.
TASS REPORTS ZAI3IAI, ARIIID FORCES ALERT
LD171018Y Moscow TASS in English 1012 GNT 17 I-I3y 77 LD
(Text] Lusaka, iay 17 TASS--Zambia has alerted its armed forces.
President of the Republic Kenneth IS3unda has said at a press conference here that the
decision was taken because of direct threats from the illegal racist Rhodesia regime
to commit an armed aggression against independent Zambia. President Kenneth I unda
drew attention to grave consequences that racists' provocative actions can entail
for peace and security in that Dart of Africa.
We have reliable information that all previous attacks on Zambia, Botswana and
I.Iozanbique were planned by the Smith regime jointly with South African racists, he
said.
TANOV COeliE E'S ON 'PRC-JGCATION3' OF S:--r-,H IiEGIi-E
LD172231Y :loscow in;lish to Africa 1500 G:2 17 May 77 LD
[Georgiy Tanov commentary]
[Text ] At a news conference in Lusaka the Zambian president, Kenneth i:aunda, pointed
to the intention of the Smith regime to deliver a so-called preventive blow at the
bases of the :iambabwe African People's Union in Za-faian territory. Our commentary is
by Geor;iy Ton ov :
Act 11y the 3:ith begime is looking for a pretext to `invade Zambia, a sovereign state
and United Lat_crs member. The racist regimes not only remain a weapon of repression
out are increasingly turning into a dangerous seat of world tension. Soviet President
Ilikolay Podgorryy said as Ruch while payinS a visit to Zambia, The noticeable activi-
zation of militarist and punitive trends in the policy of she South African and Rhodesian
racists coincides with the period of the T:_ct's so-called shuttle diplomacy, pioneered
over a year ago by the forsier American secre.;ar- of etatc, kie a-y _assinger. Over this
year Pretoria and Zalisbury have considerably increased their military spending.
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217. yU ih S1 p TJSSR z;=-?NATI011AL AFFAIRS
77
SL -3f FARA1; A' RICA
i;ATO has be^n sending Tor: weapons and malzin technological processes available . The
frtelliverce and subver?sivn services of the United State Britain and South Africa
have stren;,the:.sd their tics and : ercena:^ies are now sent to South Africa and 1 odesia
directly or via so:.c othor country. So the shuttle diplomacy, particularly British
and A:7ericmn maneuvers to settle the Rhodesian problem has grown into a screen which
:;any obse_verz have pr^dicted, a screen for the militarization of the racist regimes.
Be-sides, the shuttle diplomacy has created a dan_?erovs seat of tension in southern
Africa. The policy of a gression pursued by the racists is backed by the continuing
economic support from. the rest, Western monopolies to be more exact. President haunda
emphasized this is especially true of the supplies of oil porducts to the racist
regimes .
Significantly, the _ 'mith regi:..me threatens Zambia when steps are being tarn across the
world to wipe out new seats of tension, when the capital of Mozambique is playing host
to a United Nations organized conference in support of the people of Zimbabwe and
Namibia, the conference that has attracted delegations from over Co countries, and
when the provocations of the Smith regime have been censured on behalf of the United
rations by Secretary-!',eneral "art Waldheim, the challenge of the racists to the world
com;mmity is growing dangsrous. For that reason the provocations of the racists and
their Western supporters will hardly be overlooked by the forces of peace and progress.
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LDIS1445Y Moscow NOVOYE VREKYA in Russian No 19, 6 May 77 pp 18-21 LD
[V. Sidenko article: "Realities Against Lies"]
[Excerpts] imperialist reaction is not only increasing arms deliveries to racist dicta-
torships in Africa and not only supplying military equipment and money to reactionary
African regimes which are reeling under the pressure of popular discontent; it is
exporting another commodity-to Africa on an ever increasing scale--anti-Soviet and anti-
communist slander. The growth in this "export item" from the West to Africa can be
explained simply. By raising a ballyhoo about imaginary Soviet "political, economic
and military expansion" in Africa, imperialist reaction is seeking to divert the attention
of the international and African public from the Western countries' increasing inter-
ference In the internal affairs of the independent states of Africa--interference which
is new manifesting itself so graphically in Zaire. In this way they are trying to
undermine the African people's trust in the Soviet Union and to deprive them of support
in the struggle against imperialism. Futile efforts! The truth about Soviet-African
friendship and cooperation is becoming known to broad sections of the international
public.
The assistance which the Soviet Union is rendering to the freedom fighters of Africa has
been and is of a multifaceted nature. Its forms have been determined, above all, by
the requirements and conditions of anticolorial revolutions, that is, the final
analysis by the African patriots themselves. In those cases when the possibility of a
political settlement to a conflict between colonizers and liberation forces has arisen,
Soviet support has been of a moral-political and diplomatic nature. But where a conflict
has developed into armed struggle, our country has also considered it its duty to give
patriots the necessary military assistance.
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H ~ SSR IIiTIR'NATIONAL AFFAIRS
SUB -SAHARAN
It is now no longer a secret, for example, that the So?%iet Union supplied weapon.;,
ammunition and militar; ec_uipr::ent for he Algerian iatic- al 117ceratio..-: array, aria toed,
medicine a-.a clothing f r reI'ugc?ce from re; ionz 'ffected by the fig.iting. The i;Sak
also rendered. military assistan^e to the peoples of the Po:tubuese colonies in Africa
who ':ere struggling witr s;n in hand ae=inst the Salazar war machine. The patriots
received weapons, medicine, food and clothing from the Soviet Union. The USSR in-
ured the training of soldiers and officers of the li'heration m.'e rents' military
foundations.
The Soviet statetz policy of supporting the peoples struggling for freedom remains a
constant in its foreign policy.
"Our party," L. I. Brezhnev, general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, said
from the platform of the 25th CPSU Congress, "renders and will give support to the
peoples fig:_ting for their freedom. Here the Soviet Union," L. I. Brezhnev em-
phasized, "seeks no advantages for Itself, pursues no concessions, does not strive
after political ascendency z:nd do_s not solicit military :bases. We act as commanded
b our revolutionary conscience and our communist convictions...."
With the inevitable approach of the final victory over racism and colonialism the
possibilities of the alliance of world socialism and the liberation movement are
certainly not being exhausted, Just as the aims of the national liberation struggle
are not being exhausted. New tasks connected with strengthening the independence
attained, rebuffing imperialiszi's attempts to "revise" Africa's historic victories
and liquidating economic and cultural dependence on former mother countries are being
advanced. In short, the agenda includes the solution of a very complex set of prob-
lems of national rebirth and social progress, without which the entire preceding strug-
gle remains incomplete and is devoid of final meaning. And under these conditions,
as the practice of recent years shows, the significance of cooperation and alliance
is made by the fact that the true meaning and principles of Soviet African cooperation
are becon>ing clear to increasingly broad circles of patriotically inclined sections of
African-society. They are being convinced in practice that the Soviet Union has no
"superpower" aspirations and males no attempts to use its support to gain one-sided ad-
vantages--whether concessions, military bases or political control.
This creates a good basis for the development of the Soviet Union's interstate rela-
tions :-:ith the majority of African countries. Our state has evolved particularly close
relations with countries of a socialist orientation, which are not only impressed by
Soviet foreign policy but consider eocialism, as reall;, embodied in Soviet reality,
the shortest path to deliverance from poverty and dependence. The circle of these
countries has now been considerabl? y extended. The Soviet Union is linked with some
of them--the People's Republic of Angola, the People's Republic of Mozambique, the
Somali Democratic nepublic--.;y friendship and co(-:)erat:c._ treaties.
This situation on the continent clearly is not favorable f__r attempts by in.ner.ialist
and Maoist propaganda to artificiall,- cause an epidemic of ant.`-Sovietism on the
African Continent and to asc_i=.e uncharacteristic features of hegemonism to Soviet
policy in Africa--in of er words, to shift the blame onto so:ebody else.
:':.at is happening is what U.S. publicist C. Sulzberger once wrote about: "The more
our propaganda advertises the rrw_?its of 'capitalism' and attacks 'socialism,' the less
tie whole world likes us."
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III. 19 :lay 77 ''JB-uAii.4I.AN AFRICA
But the rare profound tie , rocec-- of e.~Dcial change:, in Africa, the clearer the water-
shed between the Soviet Union's friends and enemies on this continent. Representa-
tives of the traditional clan-tribal and feudal leadership, -rhich used to be kept by
the colonizers but has :roe: gone over to Western multinational companies for its upkeep,
representatives of the romrrador bourgeoisie interested in strengthening ties with the
former mother countries, and politickcrs of a neocolcnialist trend, for whom profes-
sional anticomirunism has necome a source of personal enrichment from inc funds of
Western special services, are ending up in the same camp as imperialist reaction,
which seeks to distort the purport of Soviet policy on the African Continent. In this
iootley anti-Soviet campaign, whichis clamorous although poorly supported, it is also
possible to see admirers of the thoughts of Mao, chiefly among declasse youth.
Like moles, this whole public is trying to undermine the edifice of Soviet-African
cooperation and to shake its foundations. Even though the end result of their activities
is infinitesimal, it mould be wrong to close our eyes to their activeness, which is
being artificially incited from outside.
This is why L. I. Brezhnevts remark to the effect that the Soviet Union "does not have
and cannot have any 'special interests' either in the south or in the north or in any
other part of Africa" certainly does not seem superfluous.
"We do not seek any advantages for ourselves there," L. I. Brezhnev said. "We only
want recognition for the sacred right of every people to determine their destiny
themselves and to choose their own path of development...."
Fruits of Cooperation
These words find concrete enbodiment in the practical deeds of Soviet diplomacy and in
the USSR's foreign economic and commercial activeness in Africa.
Soviet-African economic, scientific, technical and trade cooperation is acquiring ever
increasing significance as independent Africa makes fresh advances in the struggle for
national liberation and as the accent in this struggle shifts to the economic sphere.
These are comparatively new spheres for cooperation between world socialism and the
forces of national liberation, but here too its thrust is the same--anti-imperialist,
anticp,pression. The following figures give an idea of the scale of economic cooper-
ation, which is quickly gathering momentum. By July 1976 the Soviet Union had con-
cluded agreements on economic and technical cooperation with 30 African countries. In
these countries 378 industrial enterprises and other projects are being constructed with
the USSR's assistance, and more than 200 of them have already been commissioned.
But it is not a question of figures. The qualitative aspect of this assistance, which
is radically different from Western aid, is important. The chief aim of Soviet-
African cooperation is to transform the colonial structure of the economy and develop
a multisector national economy, and its characteristic features are the absence of any
discriminatory terms, including terms of a political nature, and mutual advantage.
The Soviet Union also supports the African countries' struggle to establish a just
world s.-stem of economic excnange and furdazentally restructure international economic
relations, although it rejects attempts b: certain figures of a pro-Western trend to
propagate the idea of the "equal responsibility" of the West and the socialist countries
for Africa's bac!:aardness.
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III. 19 Ma: 77 H 5 US h I 11Ei iAi ICi1AL AF AL'S
SUE-SAHARAN AFRICA
3ve:r our enemies canne. cite a single cx aple to prove that the UCSR or any other
soc.a_ist comrruni. c is sowing down or has slowed do:an the development of
African countries or is getting rich b;' exploitin,- their natural and human resources.
Tie rrest _11-intentioned imagination is incap?ble of inverting -uch a tiring.
The strengthening of Scv et-,African cooperation or. the basis of the Joint struggle.
against imperialism, racism a.1 colonialism is taking place under conditions when, as
a result of the actions of peace-lovinr, forces, and of the Soviet Union above all,
tension in international relations is noticeably diminishing. The positive influence
of the joint efforts of Soviet and African diplomacy, aimed at consolidating the
changcs for the better in the international climate, accords with the fundamental in-
terests of world socialism and t.-.e national liberation movement and creates more favor-
able international conditions for the struggle against colonialism and racism, re-
strictint; the aggressiveness of ::aperialist forces and depriving them of the freedom
of raneuver which they had in the cold war years. On the other hand the growing
positive role of independent Africa in resolving international problems deserves to
be noted. On a wide range of urgent international problems, sach as disarmament,
the struggle against imperialist aggression and the insurance of peace and the peoples'
:security, the positions of the Soviet Union and the majority of Africa's young national
states are identical or close. Even though it is no secret that there are still
alien forces active in Africa which would like to impose isolationist sentiments on
the continent's public and to impress upon it the idea of the "lack of urgency"
for African peoples of the struggle for the relaxation of international tension and
its dissonance wLth African probie-t.s, independent Africa is joining in this struggle
more arid more actively.
Soviet-African cooperation, !rhich is acquiring new facets every year, has become the
concrete embodiment of the alliance between world socialism and the national liberation
movement. And no one is permitted to undermine this historic alliance, whose
strengthening benefits all peoples and all mankind.
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III. 23 Mav, 71 U S S T s I 11 T F R N A T I N A L A F F A I h S
3U3-SARA AN AFRICA
IMIGSCOW RTS 01.1 -?APUTO COP 'ERENCE ON ZI'-;BA='lE, IIP.I:I Ii
Pilyatskin Dispatch
LD201405'. Moscow ZiJE'STIYA in Russian 19 May 7r Morning Edition p 3 LD
[Special Correspondent B. Pilyatskin Dispatch: "Support for a Just Struggle
[Text] Maputo--The forum which has assembled in the Mozambique capital of Maputo has
become truly worldwide. Delegates from 84 states, the OAU, the UN Decolonization Com-
mittee, the UN Council for Namibia, national liberation movements and governmental and
public organizations of various countries have come together here for the international
conference in support of the peoples of Zimbebwe and Namibia.
To mobilize world public opinion for the activation of aid to freedom fighters and to
formulate the maximally effective means of pressuring racist regimes with a view to
making them hand over power without delay to the true representatives of the peoples of
Zimbabwe and Namibia-- :pis is the leitmotiv of the conference working in Maputo.
S. Nujoma, President of the South-west African People's Organization [SWAPO], and R.
iugace, who spoke on behalf of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front, emphasized in their
speeches that the armed struggle which is developing increasingly widely in southern
Africa will continue until total victor-,. It is not a racial conflict, as Vorster,
Smith and the western press try to present the matter, but a class battle by the exploited
African majority against a minority which has usurped the national riches of Namibia
and Zimbabwe and placed them at the disposal of Western monopolies.
Xary delegates expose in their speeches the :.,aneuvers of Anglo-U.S. diplomacy aimed at
substituting fictitious independence for ,he han-over c- power to the African majority.
Precisely these ends are served by the farce which has just been played out over a
referendum" to approve the decisions of the "constitutional conference" in Windhoek and
by the attempts to decide the fate of Zimbab.:e behind the banks of its people.
Particularly sharp criticism has been leveled at 3ritair, for its many years of connivance
with the illegal Smith regime. The speech by T. Rowlands, British Minister of State at
the Fc-eign at:d Ccmmon?.-ealth Office, contained no lack of assurances about his govern-
ment's "adherence" to the "sacred principle of self-determination and freedom" for the
peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia. However, she essence of the proposals brought to Maputo
by the 3ritisn rerresentative amounted to the usual an attempt to put SWAPO on
the same level as Vorsterts puppets in Namibia and to prolong resolving the Rhodesian
problem in every possible way.
The speech by P.N. Yevsyukov, head of the USSR delegation, who emphasized the need for
the L:,mediate fulfillment of the UN decisions relating to Namibia and Zimbabwe, was
received with great attention. The Soviet people, who show solidarity with the struggle
of t::ese peoples for their lawful rights, have given gnu will give them support.
I-D211825Y Moscow TASS in English 1633 GMT 21 May 77 LD
:Text] Maputo, Ilay 21, PASS--An international conference in _;upport of the peoples of
Zi_ba')we and Namibia ended here today after condemning the racist regimes of South Africa
and Rhodesia and their Western benefactors. The conference was attended by delegations
of 92 UII member-countries, including the USSR, the Ukraine and Belorussia as well ^s
representatives of the ?iberation :movements fn the south of Africa.
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III. 23 May H 2 USSR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
At its final meeting the conference adopted a declaration in support of the peoples of
'imbabwe and Ilamibi: and a concrete program of struggle against apartheid and racism
in the south of Africa and for the liberation of Zimbabwe and Namibia.
In their statements the delegates voiced solidarity with the liberation struggle of the
peoples of these countries, condemned the policy of the South African and Rhodesian
racist regimes, exposed the hypocritical position of the West which supports in-
dependence in cords while in fact stands for continued oppression and exploitation of
the peoples. The West's real aim in Zimbabwe and Namibia, said a representative of
Lesotho, is to impose on Africans such decisions that would help it preserve there a
regime of ruthless neocolonialist exploitation.
lie sharply criticizing a statement made by U.S. permanent representative to the United
Nations A. Young, uho actually urged to liberationnovements in the south of the
continent to lay down arms. The only Iraq to freedom in Zimbabwe and Namibia in the
present conditions is armed struggle, Lesotho's representative said.
The delegate of Burundi condemned Vorster's criminal regime which helps the Rhodesian
racists to connit acts of aggression against neighboring independent states and
which illegally occupies Namibia and suppresses anti-racist actions in South Africa.
The racist regimes in the south of Africa hope in vain that they will be able to hold
back the march of history, said a delegate of )adagascar. But their fate is predeter-
mined. As a result of liberation struggle, the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia will
gain independence.
The Foreign i:inister of the People's Republic of Angola, Paulo Jorgi, urged the inter-
national community to give military, material and other aid to the liberation organiza-
tions. The United States, Britain, France, and the FRG, he said, are trying to deprive
the peoples of southern Africa of real independence. Their placemen, Smith and Vorster,
commit acts of aggression against Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia and Angola.
Thy:: PRA foreign minister sharply criticized the policy of the Peking leadership which,
he said, continues to support reactionary and neocolonialist regimes in alliance with
the imperialists and racists.
LD211820Y Moscow TASS in English 1803 GNT 21 May 77*LD
4Text] Maputo, May 21, TASS--The delegates to the international conference in support of
the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia, which closed here today, have urged the UN member-
countries and all the working people of the world to step up material, economic and
other aid to the fighting peoples of the south of Africa.
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The conference, says the declaration in supp(.rt of the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia
adopted by the delegates, strongly condemns the racialist regimes of the South African
?epublic and Rhodesia anc solemnly declares its full support for the just struggle of
the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia for freedom and independence. Any talks on the
future of these territories, the declaration stresses, must be held only with repre-
sentatives of the liberation movements--the Patriotic Zimbabwe Front and the Southwest
Africa People's organization affiliating all the progressive forces taking an active
part in the struggle.
The racialist South Africa regime, the declaration notes, is a stronghold of racialism,
colonialism and imperialism in South Africa and the main opponent of the efforts by
the United Nations organization and all the progressive forces of the world directed
at the attainment of geni:ine self-determination and independence by the peoples of
that region.
The delegates condemned the unlawful occupation of Namibia by the Pretoria regime as
:,:ell as the policy of apartheid and bantustanization pursued by them in that territory.
The conference, says the document, regards the so-called "constitutional talks on the
future Namibia" as a clear striving of the racialists of the South African Republic
to continue the most brutal racialist-colonialist policy in Namibia.
he conference strongly condemned the permanent acts of aggression by the Salisbury
re?ime against Botewana, Mozambique and Zambia, and declared for increasing aid to the
"frontline" states.
The delegates have addressed all the states in the world with a call to end all
cooperation with the racialist regimes, strictly observe the embargo on arms supplies
to the Rhodesian regime as well as to take stringent measures against international
corporations and oil companies cooperating with the racialists.
[Text] Maputo, May 23 TASS--The Zimbabwe Patriotic Front has turned down point-blank
the proposal "to lay down arms" made by U.S. permanent representative at the United
Nations Andrew Young to the liberation movements in the south of Africa. One of the
leaders of that organization Robert Mugabe emphasized here that since the racist
regimes of Rhodesia and the Republic of_South Africa refuse to meet the legitimate
demands of the African majority by peaceful means, the peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia
will continue the armed liberation struggle till a victorious end.
Robert Mugabe accused the ::rited States of connivance at recruitment of American
mercenaries for the illegal Smith regime. There are now more than a thousand American
mercenaries from the United States in the punitive troops, and also several hundreds
mercenaries from Britain, the FRG, Australia and Japan.
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May 7 For R7-ajes2R001 10Wj7E: RC I QPcj8 04f,9q0) (}0R180004-8 H 1
SOVIET GOVERNMENT GREETS AFRICAN PEOPLE ON LIBERATION DAY
LD2514loY Moscow Domestic Service in Russian 1500 GMT 24 May 77 LD
[Text of message of congratulations from the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet and the
Soviet Government to the governments and peoples of Africa on the occasion of African
Liberation Day)
(Text) The peoples of Africa are meeting this day at a time of the intensification of
the struggle for national renaissance and social progress, for freedom and independence.
An increasing number of African states are embarking on the path of progressive trans-
f oelations. The struggle f or the liberation of the peoples of Zimbabwe, Namibia and southern
Africa from the racial and colonial yoke is becoming broader and stronger. Each year the
role of sovereign states in Africa is rising on the world scene. In the Soviet Union people
note with satisfaction that the contribution of these states to the solution of such inter-
national problems as insuring peace and security, disarmament, the struggle against
aggression, is growing. This represents the basic interests of the African peoples and of
the peoples of the whole world. International detente is creating favorable conditions
for the confirmation of the right of all peoples to national independence, sovereignty
and noninterference in their internal affairs.
At the same time, the remnants of colonialism and racism are still begin maintained in
Africa. They are a challenge to the ideals of freedom and human dignity. The subversive
and aggressive acts against peoples struggling for their right to an independent choice
of the direction of their economic and social development are unceasing. At a time when
imperialism and reactionary forces within Africa are striving to create hotbeds of tension
and conflict among the countries of the continent and to inflame national enmity, the
strengthening of African unity on an anti-imperialist and anticolonialist basis is acquiring
particular significance.
Attempting to distract the attention of the African public from the increasing external
interference in the internal affairs of independent African states, the forces-.of reaction
are trying to undermine the trust of African peoples in socialist countries, loyal allies
in the struggle against imperialism, colonialism and racism. The attitude of the Soviet
Union toward the struggle of the peoples of Africa for their freedom and independence is
well-known. From the very beginning,.the Soviet state, whose 60th anniversary is being
celebrated this year, has supported the liberation of the oppressed peoples. As Leonid
Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, stated at the rostrum of the
25th CPSU Congress: Our party is and will continue to support the peoples who are fighting
for their freedom. The Soviet Union seeks no advantage for itself in this. It does not
^:-k concessions: It is not trying to gain political domination or military bases.
With the advance of independent Africa to new frontiers in the struggle for national libera-
tion, increasing importance is being attached to economic, scientific, technical and commercial
cooperation between the Soviet Union and African states. The USSR supports the just demands
of the developing countries for a restructuring of international economic relations on
a just and equitable basis.
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The Soviet Union was and is opposed to attempts of imperialist forces and racist regimes to
foist neocolonialist solutions to the problems of southern Africa. It is in favor of a
rapid implementation of the inalienable rights of the peoples of southern Africa to self-
determination, the elimination of apartheid and racism in South Africa, its immediate
withdrawal from Namibia, and the unconditional and full transfer of all power to the
people of Zimbabwe.
We wish the peoples of Africa successes in the struggle for freedom, independence and for
progressive social transformations, for peace on earth.
USSR ROLE VIEWED IN AFRICA'S PROGRESS TO INDEPENDENCE
LD260824Y Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 20 May 77 p 4 LD
(Article byi:Prof Anatoliy Gromyko, Director of the USSR Academy of Sciences Institute of
Africa: "Africa--The Path of Independence"]
[Text] At the dawn of the 20th century Africa was still languishing in the chains of
colonialism, tormented and defiled by racism--the offspring of international imperialism.
The Great October Revolution heralded the inevitable downfall of colonialism. The
imperialist powers' policy of plunder had been condemned by history. Majestic prospects
were opened up for national liberation revolutions.
The 60th anniversary of the world's first socialist state reveals with particular clarity
the significance of the first documents prepared by V.I. Lenin or with his direct partici-
pation, which sounded a revolutionary alarm in all corners of the world. They were the
historic Decree on Peace, the Declaration of the Rights of the Russian Peoples and the
appeal signed by Lenin "To All Muslim Working People in Russia and the East."
Soviet power declared for all to hear its active support for the just struggle of all
oppressed peoples, which made an indelible impression on colonies, including those on the
African Continent.
The outstanding African patriot Amilcar Cabral subsequently said: "The Great October
Revolution did not merely change the life of the Russian peoples. It pointed out for
millions of oppressed people that path of revolutionary struggle and contributed to the
successful development of the national liberation movement throughout the world."
Since the very first days of its existence the land of the soviets has not only had a
tremendous moral and political effect on the upsurge of the national liberation movement
but has also given practical assistance to struggling peoples.
Beck in 1919 it refused to acknowledge the mandate system of the League of Nations, the only
major power to do so. Lenin defined this system as one which gave mandates for theft and
plunder.
The Soviet Union tirelessly utilized the league of Nations platform to support all enslaved
peoples, including African peoples. Our country resolutely condemned fascist Italy's
aggression against the people of Ethiopia. In January 1936 the Soviet Government exposed
the imperialist colonial policy and supported the principle of Ethiopia's equality and
independence.
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III. 27 May 77 H 3 USSR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
The rout of the most aggressive detachments of imperialism, German fascism and
Japanese militarism, in which the Soviet Union played a decisive part, had a
tremendous influence on the liberation struggle of all the peoples languishing under
the colonial yoke. The downfall of fascism meant the collapse of the theory and
policy of racial superiority and all assertions that some races "have the right" to
rule others. It is easy to see why Africa welcomed the glorious Soviet Army's
victory so enthusiastically.
The postwar years saw an unprecedented upsurge in the national liberation struggle
in Africa. Many attempts by the imperialist powers to prolong their supremacy in
Africa were thwarted through the efforts of Soviet foreign policy. The USSR consis-
tently supported the peoples of Ghana and Morocco, Tunisia and Somalia, the Congo
and Algeria on their path to independence. In 1956, when tripartite aggression was
launched against Egypt, the Soviet Union issued a stern warning to the aggressors
which forced them to quit the lands they had seized.
The Soviet Union's historic UN initiative in 1960, its program for the total liqui-
dation of colonialism and racism in the world as a most urgent problem, imparted
great impetus to the national liberation movement.
In the sixties the colonial fortress on African territory began to disintegrate.
Portuguese colonialism offered the most protracted and stubborn resistance, with
the support of the NATO powers. Its days were numbered, however. Angola and
Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands gained their freedom in the
mid-seventies after a hard struggle. Colonialism's sun was setting in Africa, but was
not yet finished. The racist regimes in the south dug in. Relying on the support
from monopoly capital, mainly American, British and West German, they are seeking to
preserve in the Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia a unique slave-owning
society based on the "right" of the minority to rule the majority and exploit and
humiliate it. Independent Africa says "no" to the policy of apartheid and racial
segregation. Because of the position of the racists and those supporting them southern
Africa is becoming one of the planet's hot spots. But, however much resistance the
racists muster and whatever maneuvers their patrons undertake in order to preserve the
colonial order, the final outcome of the struggle is bound to favor the Africans.
Nobody doubts this any longer.
So far 48 ;?`ican countries have taken the path of independence. They all belong to the
OAU. Every ,gar 25 May--the day the OAU was created--is celebrated as African
Liberation Day. If you look at the maps you will see how the continent has changed
in the last 60 years [the article incorporates two maps of Africa, one in 1917, the
other in 1977, demonstrating the collapse of colonial regimes and the spread of
independence]
Now that the struggle for the liquidation of colonial empires and the continent is
largely over the African peoples are faced with new and at times complex problems.
They include the choice of the path of future development, the struggle for cultural
and economic progress and the solution of social tasks. It is significant that despite
the difficulties and the intrigues of imperialism, more and more African countries
are choosing the path of socialist orientation. These states are a big and influential
political force in the developing world.
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At the 25th Party Congress comrade L.I. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central
Committee, drew the profound scientific conclusion that the liberated countries are
playing an increasing role in world development; at the same time he noted a direct link
between the exacerbation of the class struggle and important social changes. "In many
liberated countries," L.I. Brezhnev said, "a complex process of demarcation of class
forces is taking place and the class struggle is growing. New progressive shifts have
taken place in the economy and political life of socialist-orientated Arab, African
and Asian countries. There are also countries where development has moved further along
the capitalist path."
The political situation in the former colonial countries, including African countries,
is one of great complexity. Social shifts in Africa often take place against the back-
ground of comparatively immature social communities reflecting a poorly developed,
mixed economic basis. In a number of cases some nationalist forces slip into reactionary
positions thereby harming their peoples and liberation movements. At the same time the
leftist ideological current of revolutionary democratism is alining with scientific
socialism. In some countries scientific socialism is now officially recognized as the
state ideology.
Property contrasts, the continuing dominance of foreign capital in frequent cases (for
example, U.S. monopolies have invested around fil billion in Zaire alone) and the parasitical
behavior of some officials--all this occurs in capitalist-orientated countries. However,
if you take a close look at the entire spectrum of social pehnomena in Africa you will
be struck by th' marked changes in the social class structure as a whole.
On a continent of around 400 million people the economically active population has
risen from 92 to 141 million in the last two decades. In 1956 80 percent of the active
population was employed in agriculture: by the mid-seventies this figure had dropped
to 60 percent. Africa's working class is growing and strengthening. By 1975 it had
increased to almost l? million people. In the sociall-st-orientated countries small
peasant farms are being cooperativized and state farms are being created which make a
rise in agricultural productivity possible. 1Tbnse processes are contributing to the
broadening of the base of socialist transformations.
The strengthening of relations with the socialist community countries is of tremendous
significance to the African peoples. It is a matter of- using the accumulated experience
of creating a new society and of assistance in purely concrete matters--the construction
us' factories, plants, schools and hospitals. The fight against disease and the creation
of irrigation systems and hydroelectric power btations.
The USSR's cooperation with African countries is strengthening both of a bilateral basis
and in international organizations, above all the United Nations. It can be stated with
certainty that today people in Africa are gaining an ever deeper appreciation of Lenin's
idea of an alliance between the forces of socialism and the national liberation movement.
Many African leaders are realizing more and more that it is in the mutual interests of
socialism and the independent African states to pursue a firm line toward cooperation
and mutual support in the international arena, especially when it comes to strengthening
peace. As is known, this course is opposed by the Peking instigators, who ignore the
African peoples' aspirations.
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III. 27 May 77 H 5 USSR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
For six decades our country has consistently pursued a peace-loving internationalist
Leninist course. The program of further struggle for peace and international cooperation
and for the freedom and independence of the peoples, adopted by the 25th CPSU Congress,
proclaimed as a most important international task the total liquidation of all vestiges
of the system of colonial oppression and violation of the equality and independence of
the peoples and all hotbeds of colonialism and racism. Our country invariably makes
efforts to fulfill this task.
With assistance from the Soviet Union industry is being created in many African countries.
Agriculture is being modernized, an education system is being set up and technical cadres
are being trained. it is well known that the Soviet Union has aided and continues to aid
national liberation movements and freedom fighters. Friendship and cooperation treaties
have been concluded with three African countries--Somalia, Angola and Mozambique.
Recently the USSR and Ethiopia signed a declaration on the principles of friendly mutual
relations and cooperation.
Now that the policy of peaceful coexistence among states with different social systems
has been strengthened in international relations the peoples of Africa are able to
see for themselves that life-giving impulses of peace are emanating from Moscow and the
other capitals of the socialist community. Millions of Africans are aware that detente
offers them new horizons. They see in this the tangible results of the policy of the
Soviet 'Onion--the Motherland of the Great October Revolution. I remember a majestic
rally in Maputo's central square. It was addressed by Mozambique President Samora
Machel who, to tumultuous applause, said: "The peoples of the world are preparing to
celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. The Mozambique
people are treating this festival as their own jubilee."
The oath of African development involves the formation of political and, ultimately,
ec-;-,omie independence. On this path it has true friends and natural allies--the Soviet
Union and the other socialist community countries.
CAVRILOV: SOt12HERN AFRICAN PATRIOTS WILL WIN
:O26144+3y Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in Russian 25 May 77 p 3 ID
[Maj Yu. Gavrilov article: "The Assault Continues"]
LTPxt] In recent years the peoples of Africa have won significant victories in the
struggle for freedom and against imperialism, racism and colonialism. Already 48
countries on the continent have acquired political independence. However, the battle
for freedom is not over. Dangerous hotbeds of racist and colonial oppression still
persist in southern Africa. This region still remains a "hotspot" of the planet, one
of the breeding grounds of international tension.
"The reason .by tension persists in this part of the world," the Zambia DAILY MAIL
rightly points out, "lies in the racist policy of the Republic of South Africa and
Rhodesia, which has made Africans take up arms...." The Pretoria authorities are
illegally occupying Namibia, refusing to hand over power in the country to the true
representative of the African population--the Southwest Africa People's Organization
[SWAPO]. In South Africa itself the Vorster government responds with a hail of bursts
of submachinegunfire and with blows from police nightsticks to the incessant struggle
of millions of indigenous inhabitants against the inhuman apartheid system and for the
liquidation of racial and social oppression. In Rhodesia Ian Smith's clique desperately
clutches at violence in an attempt to maintain its domination of the people of Zimbabwe,
who are struggling for independence under the leadership of the patriotic front.
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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
The moist terror in Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa has recently intensified.
The whole world recently learned with indignation of the bloody crime of Rhodesian
punitive soldiers in the small village of Dabwa. As the result of a single mid Smith's
cutthroats killed 35 Africans here and wounded 31. The dead included 12 children and
16 women. They were "suspected" of sympathizing with the freedom fighters.
The occupiers from the Republic of South Africa are implementing scorched earth tactics
in Namibia. A SWAPO communique testifies: The racists have thrown bombers, helicopters,
tanks, armored carriers and other military .equipment against Namibia's peaceful in-
habitants. The path of the punitive soldiers, who use in Namibia the bloody "experience"
of the U.S. "Green Berets," is marked by African corpses. A number of regions of the
country have been turned into "closed zones," where systematic extermination of the
populace which supports the patriotic forces is practiced. Mass executions, napalm
bombing raids, the use of delayed-action shells and mines camouflaged as everyday
objects and the destruction of crops have become a common phenomenon in these zones.
In the Republic of South Africa the African "ghettos" in urban districts and rural
reservations are in the constant sights; of police details and the "security forces."
However, all the efforts by the Pretoria and Salisbury racists to reduce the intensity
of the African peoples' liberation struggle are proving futile. The Zimbabwe patriots
are striking more and more blows at the punitive troops, activating combat operations.
General Hickman, who was recently appointed Commander in Chief of the Rhodesian Army,
has been forced to admit with alarm that the Zimbabwe freedom fighters are to be
expected to extend their combat operations in the next few months. The leadership
of the patriotic front reports that, despite the racist terror, more and more new
dFthiopia, Somalia, South Yemen, Tanzania, Mozambique,
Angola and the GDR. The earlier portions of Castro's trip are
discussed in the TRENDS of 23 March 1977, pages 10-12; 30 March,
pages 7-9; and 6 April, pages 18-19. Brezhnev, Podgornyy, Kosygin
and Gromyko were present for Castro's arrival and departure, reflecting
protocol requirements: Castro, since he became president of Cuba
during a government reorganization last December, has served as head
of state and government as well as first secretary of the Cuban
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