INFORMATION ON SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL COOPERATION - 1960

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000201480001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
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• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 16, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 9, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

DECEMBER 9 1960
For Rel ~y (~ 'y k' ~) ` ,
~~/~:~C~0~1 FR~2Q1480~ON ~ 0 R ~ Il T I V N~ iJ 1~1 ~ 0 Y I E T,
BLOC INTERNAT I ONAL ; GEOPHY'S I CAL/ ',O,OOPERAT I ON
 ti
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TTCM ,OV~'1' BLOC IMTI~.R11ATiOUL GIOP 1YSICAL COCPE AT! - 6960
ase 1999/09/08 CIA-RDP82-00141 R0002014$0001-9r
Dew*ber 9, 1960
U. S. Department of commerce
Business and Defense Services Administration
Office of Teohnieal Services
Wuhingtan 25, D. C.
Published Weekly
Subscription Pries $12.00 for tM 1960 Series
Oos of funds for printing.this pablioation has been
appro. by the Director of the Bureau of the Dudpty October 2S# 1959
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I`MUTTION ON INT U1ATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL COMTION -:.
DIET-BLOC ACTIVITIES
Table of Content?
I. ROCKETS AND ARTIFICIAL EARTH SATELLITES
II. UPPER ATMOSPHIRE
M. SEISMOLOGY
IV. OCEANOGRAPHY
V. GLACIOLOGY
VI. ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC
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ROCKETS AND ARTIFICIAL EARTH SATELLITES
n, llten Promise to Expand Astronomical Knowledge
Profeooor D. Martynov, Director of the State Astronomical Inati.
tuts im. Shternberg, foresees a tremendous advance in astronomical
knowledge following the introduction of telescopes on satellites -
especially manned catelliteu. Astronomical observations made without
the interforr_nao of the Earth's atmosphere will bo far more revealing
than those made in the pant. ("Now Prospects Facing Autronomy,".by
Prof. D. Martynov, Nauka i Zhizn', No. 9, 1960, p.
the Snneenhin Carried its Marv ' Paosaanperes'
aukh i ,hizn' in its '"Anowors to Readers" Section, had recently
explained why the cpacenhip carried its wide range of living 'pnosen
gore.' The article liuta a good number of the forrnu of living mattor
carried aboard and specifically states the research purpose for the in-
clussion of each. ("Zoological Garden in by N. Alokoandrov,
Nauka i Zhizn', No. 9, 1960, pp. 77-78)
Soviet_Sc ientiat_Comments on
E0. S. Danilin has written an informative article of the techni-
cal problems of space flight, although part of hie data in from non
Soviet sources. Danilin is one Soviet spokesmen who often has more
than a raw unkind words for the American apace effort. He conveys to
his Soviet audience the information that new American satellites are
aubatitutas for the "U-2" and that this is acknowledged with "cynical
frankness" in the American preen. He drawn unfavorable comparisons
between the "Discoverer XIII" and the latest soviet spaceship. ("The
Spaceship Has Returned to Earth," by B. S. Danilin, Nauka i Zhizn',
No. 9, 1960, pp. 2-4)
The Una or Space Vehiolon for Torrostrial Oeolopicnl Prediction
It in only recently that aircraft have been used in the execu-
tion of geological exploration; it in now suggested that artificial
earth satellites be used for this name purpose.
The "heQviar" la the maus or the Earth in the area over which
a satellites is flying, the greater the attraction will be on the satel-
lite; an a result, its velocity will increase somewhat. Where the
Earth's mass in loan denne, the satellite will travel a little more
slowly. Thug, satellites can be used to study gravitational anomalies.
Thin in especially important for the inaccessible areas of the Earth,
for example, the world ocean. ("Comic Explorern of the Earth's
Interior," by N. Varvarov, Ekonomioheckaya Gazota, 29 October 1960,
P. 4)
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II. UPPER ATMOSPHERE
Meeting or the Commission on the Phyn ion of Stars and Nebulae
An expanded plenary session of the Commiouion on the Phyaios of
Stara and Nebulae of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR has now ended.
The meeting was held at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, The
plenary session devoted special attention to the luminescence of gene
oun and duct nebulae which fill the space between the stare. Doctor
of Physical-Mathematical Sciences G. A. Ourzadyan has developed a new
theory of the luminescence of cometary nebulae.
The plenary session displayed great interest in reports ooncern
ing the discovery of nonstationary processes in nebulae and the results
of their obuervat1on by now equipment and methcdu.
The plenary aoacion discusned plans for the operation of the
astronomical observatories of the Soviet Union for investigation of
problems relating to the investigation of problems of physics of the
stars and the dynamics of gaseous and duet nebulae. ("Revealing the
Secrets or the Universe," Ekonomicheskaya aazeta, 7 October 1960, p. 4)
Another Article on the Yardymlinskiy Iron Meteorite
A now report has appeared in a Soviet journal relative to the
falling of an iron meteorite near the Azerbaydzhan village of Yardymly
on 24 November 1959. This article confirms previously published data,
("The Yardymlinakiy Iron Meteorite," by M. A. Kashkay, G. F. Sultanov,
T. A. Eninzade and V. I. Aliyev, Priroda, No. 9, 1960, pp. 109-110)
The Problem of Water on Mars
The Soviet Journal "Priroda" has recently carried a 5-page arti-
cle on the problem of how much water there is on Mars and what form
this water assumes. It is known that there is no water vapor in the
Martian atmosphere, but how much surface and ground water is there?
The author has a striking hypothesis to offer: he suggests that
thane may be great layers of subsurface ice on Mars, underlain (perhaps)
by vast oceans of water in liquid form. The existence of a great sub-
surface hydrosphere covering almost the entire surface of the planet
could explain why the surface of Mars is so surprisingly level.
He suggests that linear cracks in this subsurface layer of ice
are reflected on the surface by the famed Martian canals. Water reaches
the surface, and the area immediately along the cracks is the most fa-
vorable environment on Mars for the growth of vegetation. His theory
also explains the peculiar ice caps in the polar areas of Mars. ("Is
There Water on Mars?" by V. D. Davydov, Priroda, No. 9, 1960, pp. 73-
77)
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Cosmic Ray Research in Progrens on Mount Aragats
Mount Aragats, rising to 3,260 m above sea level, is now the
site for cosmic ray research by scientists from Moscow State Univer-
sity. The three man team is headed by N. Grigorov, Doctor of Physical
Mathematical Sciences. They have developed an "ionization calorimeter"
which measures the energy of every particle coming from outer apace.
Also successfully used at this Armenian station is another powerful
apparatus which "fixes" cosmic particles which possess thousands of
billions of oldetron-volts.
The article then continues with a discussion of cosmic rays in
general and the work at the station in particular. The report con-
cludes with the description of the physical plant and research program
of a cosmic ray laboratory in Moscow; the director is S. Vernov, Cor-
responding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. This labo-
ratory is situated at Moscow State University.
The Aragats station and the university laboratory are both shown
in large photographs. ("Guests from Space," by A. Presnyakov, Ekono-
micheskaya Gazeta, 6 October 1960, p. 4)
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Brief Notes on the Moscow Seismic Station
The central' seismic station "Moskva,"" situated on one of the
quieter streets o1. the capital, can listen to the "pulse" of the on-
tire continent, and even the remotest parts of the planet. The waves
from the Chilean quake arrived at the Moscow station in 16 minutes.
There were only 20 seismic stations in the USSR in 1936; there
are now about 100. The Moscow station is connected to outlying sta-
tions by teletape and telephone. The station is directed by Ye,, F.
Savarenskiy, Doctor of Physical-Mathematical Sciences. ("Listening
to the Earth Ia Pulse...," by A. Presnyakov, Lkoncmicheskaya Gazeta,
21 October 1960, p. 4)
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IV. OCEANOGRAPHY
0eoraphic Distribution of Mierolife in the World Ocean
This article is largely based on microbiological research in the
world ocean in the period 1954-1959. Water samples for microbiological
research were taken by bathymeter from 19 standard horizons, ranging
from 0 to 3,000 m, and each 1,000 m thereafter. The article only
briefly describes the methods used. There is a map showing the world
distribution of microbiological stations.
The bulk of the article deals with the results of this research.
These to a large extent are reflected in the five tables which accompany
the text.
Tabled -- Quantitative ratios of heterotrophio microorganisms
in various geographical zones of the Pacific Ocean.
Table 2 -- Quantitative distribution of heterotrophic microorgan-
isms for various latitudes of the Pacific Ocean along 172? E. and
174? W.
Table 3 -_ Quantitative ratios of heterotrophic microorganisms
in various geographic zones of the Indian Ocean.
Table 4 -- Quantitative distribution of heterotrophic microorgan-
isms for different latitudes in the eastern and western halves of the
Indian Ocean.
Table 5 -- Quantitative ratio of heterotrophic microorganisms for
various geographic zones oftYe Atlantic Ocean, the Norwegian and Green-
land Seas, and the Central Arctic.
This tabular material is interpreted in the text. ("Geographic
Distribution Patterns of the Distribution of the Microbe Population
(Heterotrophs) in the World Ocean," by A. Ye. Kriee, S. S. Abyzov, M. N.
Lebedeva, I. Ye. Mishustina and I. N. Mitskevich, Izvestiya Akademii
Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geograficheskaya, No. 5, 1960) pp. 34-41)
Soviets Study the Sounds Emitted by Fish
An article recently appearing in Priroda describes Soviet re-
search in the study of the sounds emitted by fish. The purpose of such
study is to develop rational methods for the exploitation of the food
resources of the sea. Research has shown that each species can be asso-
ciated with a characteristic set of sounds. Apparatus has already been
developed to pick up and record these sounds. A majority of these
? sounds are associated with feeding, breathing and movement, but research
is continuing to discover whether the fish in any way communicate with
one another. ('#Voices' of Fishes," by V. R. Protasov, Priroda, No. 9,
1960, pp. 97-98)
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Review of Marine Microbiological Renenroh
The award of the Lenin Prize in 1960 to A. Ye, Krios for hie book
"Marine Microbiology (Deep water)" hao evoked a number of articles on
marine microbiology, of which the one cited below io one of the more re-
cent and better written, ('"Miorobee in the Depths of the Sea," by M.
I. Ge1'din,,Nauka i Zhizn', No. 9, 1960, pp. 37-40.
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Review of olacioloaical Research During the I0Y
A newly received article in a Soviet journal covers the riubjeet
of glaciological ronouroh during the I0Y. As is pointed out, however,
it is premature to write about the scientific results of this research,
much loan about any generalized conclusions or new theories.
But thin 11-page article contains a wide array of preliminary
data. The article deals exclusively with the work of Soviet researchers;
much of this data deals with Eastern Antarctica.
It would appear that most of this data has boon published provi
ously; this article has the advantage of collecting the moat significant
information from a large number of sources and incorporating it under a
single title.
('Glaciological Research in the Period of the International Geophysical
YeiNr 1957-1958-1959," by G. A. Aveyuk, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR,
Seriya Oeografiohookaya, No. 5, 1960, pp. 11-21)
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VI. ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC
Rndio Roportu from Antarctic for February 1960
The Chiof of the Fifth Continental Expedition, Ye. S. Korotko-
vich, reports the following ahnut work in Antarctica in February 1960:
Beginning o the Fifth Continental Expedition, on I r
1960 the Fourth Continental Expedition dopnrted from the shores of
Antarctica and the Fifth Continental Expedition arrived to begin sai
ontific observations.
Field work in Queen Maud Land was terminated in February. Dur-
ing this came month Vostok station was supplied by air and a sledge
tractor train was organized and not out for Komsomol'okaya. Intensive
preparations for winter continued at these stations.
Mirnyy Observatory. Aerological research. In February the mean
values at the Earth's surface wore: atmospheric pressure -- 985.2 mb;
air temperature -- -5.10; wind velocity -- 9.4 m/oec;,relative humidity
676. Total cloud cover was 5.5. The mean height reached by radio-
sondes was 23,569 in. During the month air temperature varied from
-16.40 to 5.2v (the highest reading in five years), atmospheric pres-
sure -- from 973.7 to 995.7 mb, wind velocity did not exceed 24 m/sec.
The work of the expedition's weather service got underway. The
Czechoslovakian me-., rologist 0. Kostka is serving as forecaster.
Atmospheric -harts for Antarctica have been drawn up and ana-
lyzed, as well as tentative vertical cross sections of the atmosphere,
based on radiosonde data for Mirnyy. Also compiled were near-surface
synoptic charts of the Southern Hemisphere, primarily for regions of
the temperate and high latitudes.
A group of meteorologists from the German Democratic Republic,
under the direction of Doctor 0. Skayb, have made measurements of the
near-surface atmospheric content of ozone. These measurements have
been made 4 or 5 times daily. Measurements of carbon dioxide in the
near-surface layer have shown fluctuations from 0.297 to 0.303 ml per
1 liter of air. This does not exceed the limits of the natural com-
ponent of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Experimental measure-
ments of the radioactivity of the air have shown that its value is
insignificant.
Actinametric and gradient observations have been made.
Atmospheric processes over Eastern Antarctica in general have
corresponded to the pattern of summer circulation established by pre-
ceding Soviet expeditions. The prevailing typical location of cyclonic
regions was in the maritime zone of Queen Maud Land, Mackenzie Gulf and
the Knox Coast. At the came time ridges of high pressure were more ft-e-.
quently observed in Enderby Land and over the Davis Sea.
Geophysical research. The condition of the magnetic field in
February was characterized by intensive !aytime disturbances; there
were none at night. A magnetic atom was observed in the period 17-20
February.
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The condition of the ionosphere during the month was relatively
calm, At thq beginning of the month an unstable condition was observed
with rapid changes in the characteristics of the regular layers and
briui' abuorption. At night a sporadic layer often appeared with a fre -
quency ranging up to 12 me. During the daytime the characteristics of
the ionosphere followed the daily march of electron density.
Sixteen earthquakes were recorded. The coordinates of the epi
centair were determined for four of them.
Beginning in February regular comparator observations were ini-
tiated of an artificial earth satellite on a frequency of 20 me for
four revolutions each day.. Signals were monitored from 94 revolutions.
Glaciological research. Observations were made of the forma-
tion of the upper horizons of the snow-firn layer. Snow measurement
observations were made along the profile Mirnyy - Kilometer 23. Simul-
taneously with thormophysieal measurements at Mirnyy on 9 February, the
temperature was measured on Drigalskiy Island in a drilled hole 44 m
deep. A group of glaciologists flew to the Western Shelf Ice in the
middle of the month to investigate the thickness of the glacier at 10
points. A repeated aerial survey in the vicinity of Mirnyy at a scale
of 1:5,000 was made for the purpose of studying the movement of the ice
cover,
Vostok Station
In February the mean values at the Earth's surface were: atmos-
pheric pressure -- 627.5 mb; air temperature -- -43.7?; wind velocity
-- 5.2 m/sec; relative humidity -- 78%. The mean height reached by
radiosondes was 20,600 m. The maximum height reached by radiosondes
was 33,250 in. During the month atmospheric pressure varied from 609.5
to 61,2 .5 mb; air temperature -- from -64? to -25.10; relative humidity
-- from 71% to 86%. A WSW wind predomina-;ed.
The condition of the magnetic field was relatively calm during
the month. No magnetic storms were observed. Short-pei-iod fluctua-
tions were observed whose amplitudes (for the horizontal component)
attained 30Y.
The February characteristics of the ionosphere were those typi-
cal of summer. A disturbed condition was observed daily, as was true
in January. There were cases when reflections not only disappeared
from the F2 layer, but from the Fl layer as well.
Komsomol'skaya Station
In February the mean values at the Earth's surface were:
atmospheric pressure -- 626.5 mb; air temperature -- 41.80;; wind
velocity -- 3.1 m/sec; relative humidity =- 77%. The cloud cover of
the central layer was 3.9. Atmospheric pressure varied from 610.1 to
641.8 nib; temperature fell to 60.6?.
At the end of the month preparations were begun to put the sta-
tion on a stand-by basis.
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Lazarev Station
In February the mean values at the Earth's surface were: atmos-
pheric, pressure _- 984.6 mb; air temperature -- 9.80; wind velocity --
6.8 m/sec; relative humidity -- 84%. The height of the tropopause was
8,590 m with a temperature of -54.0?. The mean height reached by radio-
sondes was 20,410 m. During the month atmospheric pressure varied from
971.1 to 998.0 mb; air temperature -- from 20.4? to +2b1?; maximum
wind velocity did not exceed 18 m,/sec.
The geological-geographical detachment in the vicinity of Lazarev
Station explored 10 points. The explorers encountered the rocks of an
ancient metamorphic complex with numerous intrusions. Four astronomi-
cal stations were determined in the mountains and two near the station:
on the Universitetskiy ice dome 40 kin to the east of the station. An
aeromagnetic survey was made in the vicinity of the station. A recon-
naissance exploration was made of the entire region. A large-scale map
of the Lazarev Station was compiled at a scale of 1:5,000.
Progress of the Sledge-Tractor
By 7 February the western train had covered 113 km and was
stopped by crevasses at 70?240 S and 12?44' E. At that point progress
:topped for the winter. The scientific group made seismic soundings
and magnetic observations.
On 26 February a sledge-tractor train departed from Mirnyy for
Kamsomol'skaya. It consisted of three tractors and sledges. The pur-
pose of the trek was the delivery of fuel for the spring trek into the
interior of the continent. By the end of February the train had covered
260 km.
Flight from Lazarev to Mirnyy
During the period 11-13 February the pilot A. T. Barabanov, with
17 men aboard his LI-2 aircraft, made a flight from Lazarev to Mirnyy;
baggage was also carried. Landings were made at the Japanese station
Shows and the Australian station RMawsun. Soviet polar specialists were
received warmly at both stations.
Oceanographic Work of the Fifth Antarctic Expedition
The objective of the marine detachment of the Fifth Antarctic
Expedition was the accomplishment of oceanographic work enroute during
the voyage aboard the dieagl-electric vessel Ob' in Antarctic waters.
As reported by I. V. Maksimov, Chief of the Marine Detachment, the
scientific group has accomplished a great amount of hydrological work
in a relatively short period of time. The principal observations were
made during the period 1 February-15 March during the voyage of the
vessel around the Antarctic Continent.
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The unusual thing about the route of the diesel-electric Ob' dur
ing i9>')/196O was that most of the route was south of the 60th parallel.
Thin cruise ranks first in length among the voyages made in the low
labitudoc by all Soviet Antarctic Expeditions.
During the period of the voyage there were 23 hydrological sta-
t.ionc; at those stations considerable attention was devoted to biologi-
cal work. The transparency of' the sea was determined on 26 occasions.
For a distance of 5,000 miles the temperature of the surface layer of
the con was continually recorded. Echo sounding measurements were made
along the entire route of 7,000 miles. A great number of observations
were made with the electromagnetic current measurer; 250 determinations
were made over a distance of 2,000 miles.
As on all preceding voyages, the vessel made observations of the
ice along the entire route, .A radar survey of icebergs was made.
One of the important results of the work of the marine detach-
mont was a description of Peter I Island, situated at 66150' S.,
90?35' W. The island was discovered on 10 January 1821 by the first
Rucsian Antarctic expedition of F. F. Bellibgs~auson and M. P. Lazarev.
On 10 March 1960 the Ob' circumnavigated Peter I Island. Visi-
bility was excellent. A marine description was made of the shores and
depths were measured. The contours of the island were mapped by means
of radar and photographic surveys. As a result of these observations
a new and more precise map of the island has been compiled. The island
is a three-peaked volcano with a height.of 1,200 m completely covered
by ice. The shores of the island drop off very steeply to the sea or
constitute the high faces of glaciers which are crieping seaward. It
has been established that the configuration of the island on Norwegian
maps has a number of inadequacies. Its area on those maps is shown as
1/3 less than it is in reality. In the vicinity of the island there
are strong tidal currents and a great number of icebergs.
On passing through the Bellingshausen Sea and Drake Strait, the
Ob' sailed northward, completing a circumnavigation of Antarctica.
("By Radio from Antarctica," Ye. S. Korotkevich, Informatsionnyy
Byulleten' Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 19, 1960, pp. 47-
50)
Radio Reports from Antarctica for March 1960
The Chief of the Fifth Continental Expedition, Ye. S. Korotke-
vich, reports the following about work in the Antarctic in March 1960:
Mirnyy Observatory
Aerometeorological research. In March the mean values at the
Earth's surface were: atmospheric pressure -- 977.8 mb; air tempera-
ture -- -13.1?; wind velocity -- 11.5 m/sec; relative humidity --
62%. Total cloud cover was 5.9. The mean height reached by radio-
sondes was 21,857 m. The maximum air temperature was -5,4?, mini-
mum -- 29.00. Atmospheric pressure varied from 957.0 to 988.8 mb.
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The number of clear days wan J,; there were 9 overeant daya. Atmad-
phsrlu prouunnen wore ditstinguitshod by low activity of circulation.
Thla led to a weakening or meridional tranifern of air manners.
Guophyriicul retieareh. In March the magnetic field warn charac-
torized by intenuivu diuturbancun during the day. The number of canes
of diaturbanoon increased during the night houuru in a parinon with
February. Thu condition or the ionosphere wan unatablu. Brief abnorp-
tion recurred repeatedly, an did rapid fiuctuationn of critical fre-
quunoiou. Between 0700 and 1200 hours world time there wan complete
absorption; a magnetic atorm began at 0300 hours, continuing until
18 March.
Obaervatioan were made on a more frequent basin for two days
before the solar oclipne and for two days afterwardu. In pros@nning
the ionogramn no apoeial phenomena were obnorved for the period of the
eclipse. On 20 March a disturbed condition of the ionouph@r@ wag noted
with absorption up to 4 mo. A magnetic-ionospheric utorm began on 31
March with a full aboenoc of refloetiona. The moat active period of
the magnetic atom continued from 0300 to 1100 houra on 1 April. Grp
changes in the intensity of coomie rays ware noted during the time .of
the ionospheric-magnetic t:torm.
Eleven earthquakes were recorded in *rah against a staong back-
ground of microseiums. Tremblingt; wore noted which were caused by the
destruction of the ice barrier in the vicinity of Mirnyy.
The brightness or auroras, observed visually, did not exceed 1
on the scale. Ray-like auroras were the type moat commonly obaurvud.
Observations were made of the radio signals of a ,satellite for
128 revolutions on a frequency of 20 me; 101 cocoa of comparison were
made and there were 1,512 measurements of the field intensity by ter-
reotrial radio stations.
Hydrological research. Aerial ice reconnaissance ectablichodd
that at the beginning of the month the Davis Sea wan almost completely
free of ice. Total break-up of the shore ice ended in the period 5-10
March, Intensive ice formation began on 10 March.
By 20 March the nos to 60? S. on the went and 640304 S. on the
east was already covered with young ice with a eompaetnoee of 8 to 10
on the scale. Near Mirnyy the thickness of the chore ice had attained
30 to 50 cm. However, scattered oponinga remained in the ice until the
end of the month.
Geographical research. An aeromagnotic survey was made in the
vicinity of Mirnyy, between 660 and 70? S. An aerial photographic
survey at a scale of 1:60,000 was also made from Farr Day to Mount
Gauaborg and from Cape Maknimov to Karelin Bay (a zone with a width
of 16 to 19 km). The ice dome of Drigal'ckl Inland wen -Igo included
A repeated triangulation of the glaciological. polygon wee initiated to
determine the velocity of movement of the glacial cover.
Biological research. Periodic observation were made of birds
and fish.
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1 Kooperataiya arrived in Riga on 27 March 1960 with the mm.
bera of the Fourth Antarctic Kipp .ition aboard. ("Voyage on the Olen@ls
Powered Koaperataiye,"a by U. D. Leont yev,i:nf tai Lrulleten"
, ovetekoy Antarktioheakoy K'kepediteii, No. 20, 1960, p. 48
and
The following brief abatraoto are i.nt@rA@d to give only a very
,ienerel idea of the oontenta,
1) Change in the Level of the World 0aean in Connection with Chang@
in ThiokMee of Continental Ice in Anttratiaa," by 1. V. Makaisov, Doc-
tor of 0eographicel Se mesa, pp. 1-7.
A oarefbl study has shown that in the period 19M.190 the aean
level or the world ocean increased by 6.10 am. This is only explainable
by a oeaulnr decrease in the sires a thieknesa of the continental lab
an the Korth. Eighty percent of the water added to the world acean ie
of Antarctic origin; thin would equal a layer of ta@ 126 as thick cover-
In# the entire Anta.rotio continent. But moat of this decrease in the
thic ao of the Antarctic ice sentle has occurred in the periphh@rel
(2) *Abaolut@ Age of Roeko in the Vicinity of Meeson Station," by
M. 0. Ravish and A. Ya. Krylov, pp. 8.9.
Thrr@@ det@rstinatlons wore made of the absolute age of certain
roaka war Matson. T argon method no ua@d. Their age to on the
order of 490 to $$$ million ye*ro. Comparlsond are wde with several
other Antarctic areas.
(J) '+New Data on the Thiakneeo of the ice Mantle in the Central
Parts of Antarctica," by A. P. Kapitoe, pp. 10-14.
This art!* !@ describes the latest data calleoted in Antarctic
for the thlces of the ice overlying the land surface. The ssrimic
and gravla trla procedures used are d@acribed.
(4) "Approxiaeto Calculation of the Rate of Mova nt of Claaisel f'lowo
from the Width of Resultant Icebergs," by S. A. Yevteyev, pp. 1'$17.
The author contends that the a@an width of newly forced icebergs
has a direct correlation with the rate of mo nt of the glacial cur-
rents from which they wore calved.
"Sliding on the mow at Lev T rat-iarco," by S. N. Karteshov,
pp. 1N-0.
or@ very iportent at low t ratures in determining to what extent it
la poceible to elide over a given snow surface. Significant conclu-
.alona are drawn in respect to the types of aircraft skin and sledge run-
sera that chains be use to sinialse friction.
.16.
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(6) "Air >a$aea Over the C@titral Regions of Eftatern Aht ratiaa," by
Y@. 1. Tolatikov, pp. ;J-29.
This urtieie lo brier, but the map, ttblo and graphs provide
`nluti,b1@ data on the circulation of the titmoaphera, mcatly for Kaatorn
At~ta~rctit~a.
('/) "Comparative Charadteritttictj or the Wind Regime at Mirtyy and
an the Drift Station 8v@rnyy Po1yue-8," by 1. M. Dolgin and O. 1.
:'kolov, pp. 26-30.
'next, table and graphs in thin artioie provide a c?mpuririon of
the wind reg1m a over the Arctic, and Antarctic.
(8) "A Caa@ of Regeneration or a Cyclone on the Antarctic Front,"
by V. M.iapayev, pp. 31-U.
Obn@rvationn were made a1nultaneourtly at Pionerakayti and aboard
the Ob'. Conaidernblo detail id cited.
() "The influence or the H@at Reserve in Water on the Time or Fraow-
in,g or Davin Sea and the Adjoining Part of the Indian Oaenn,'l by N. P.
Sheet@rikov, pp?
Cvmputtitions indicate that therm in a alone dependence between
thri time or freeing of the sea and the thermal r+atterve in the water.
Thia is important in /'orecnating. By making on?tervationi of the condi-
tion or the ice in the aon during the owt r period it in posnibl+o to
compute the heat content of the water and thereby judge the time and
intensity of freezing or the a@a during the fall and winter period.
(10) "On Oravimetria Work in Antarctica in 157," by 1. B. Zommer
and A. O. Gaynanov, pp. 39-42?
Thin article describes the OAK-3M gravimeter -- a four pendulum
i.natruwnt -- and Ito uao under Antarctic field conditions. The grnvim-
eter cati be used for the study or uubglicial relict.
(11) "On the Principles for a Phytogeographic Division of the Ant-
arcti?a Pologic Region," by K. V. Baklemishev, pp. 43-46.
Thi author reviews the phytogeoj,raphic literature and makes
reeommendationa for a phytogeographic regionalization in which the
d atribution or species will be the determinant, not environmental
coed itionn.
(1.2) "Obntaele Clouds," by Yu. S. Chernov and P. D. Astapenko, pp. 51-
4.
The highly diunect?d coast line or the Antarctic ice barrier,
In combination with the broken terrain in the ao tnl zone and the
sharply rising slope or the lee continent, give rice to interesting
and rare rorma or cloud. A number or these are described and illuu
tratted and an analyain In made or the causative factor.
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Gagoa," by V. I. Shlyakhov, pp. 26-28.
This article describes and illustrates a gage for the measurement
or drifting snow.
(6) "Technique of Observations in Antarctica with Drifting Snow
aonuon. Poorest conditions prevail in the autumn and the end of winter.
(5) "weather Phenomena Reducing Visibility In the Antarctic and Sc
omPonnibilities of Forecasting Them," by P. D. Astapenko, pp. 22-25.
Thin article discusses marine fogs, blizzards, blowing snow,
"trout" fogs, light haze and white fog. The author discusses the
methods for foreabsting each phen !non.
the currant one has boon experienced earlier in its geological history,
before the subsequent penetration of glaciers over its surface. The
prevent "oasis stage" probably sot in at the beginning or the no-called
poet-glacial climatic optimum, several thousand years ago.
(3) "On the Abaoluto Ago of the Rocks or the Lantern Part or the
Mountains of Q~Aeon Maud Land," by M. 0. Ravich and A. Ya. Krylov, pp. 15-
17.
Table 1 lists a number of rook specimens by name, original site
and opproxlmato age in millions or years. The argon method wan used.
(4) "The Hardness and Density of Surface Layers of Snow in the Coastal
Region or Antarctica," by V. M. Kotlyakov, pp. 18-21.
Thin brief papor In important for a trafficability study. Figure
1, with the additional a ntary in the text, in a highly inf tivo
picture of conditions along the profile Mirnyy - Kilometer 50. The move-
ment of nledge-tractor trains in this part of the continent in moot
favorable in spring and the beginning of summer. In summer it in better
to travel by night. In winter the best conditions prevail at mid
torminin.g the physical-geographic boundary of Central Antarctica to due
to the clearly expressed tonality of natural condition? on that conti
nont. Unfortunately the author suppli@b no map.
(2) "On the Dating of the Bang@r Hills Oanin," by S. Z. Rozyeki,
pp. 10-14.
The author proposes that the danger Hills ouain has been freod
from its ice mantle on more than one occasion. An episode resembling
or it depending on local conditions. The relative simplicity in d@.
inau@ 20:
(1) 'The Boundary of Central Antarctica," by V. 0. Av@r'yanov,
pp. 5-9.
The arcs dincusned conniota of the highly mountainous interior
regions of tstern Antarctica. . Th@ article drawn definite conaluniona
na to the boundary at nov@ral points where the orogra.phic and climatic
boundaries coincide. Thiu boundary is a %on@ about 100 ion wido, roughly
pnooing along the ),OOO m #uohyp?h, deviating to the north and south
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(7) "Now Expeditionary-Type Low-Preosuro Hydrogen Ooherator,'l by
M. N. Mn.i'toov and I. N. Shpakovkiy, pp. 29-32.
The nuthora describe a new type or hvdrogen generator developed
at the Arctic and Antarctic Institute. Figu a i is a fully inbtructive
drawing of this apparatus. Eight have been shipped to the Antarctic.
Tho apparhtua is oare to use, water heed not be heated to induce r?aa-
tion, It is highly pioduativo (the hydrogen fora radiosonde can be
produced in 29 to 30 minuton), a wide variety of ahemicala can be uaea,
and it is small and eapily tranoported (weighs about 70 to 80 kg).
(9) "Measurements of the Swerae, Temperature of Water by an Metro.
thermometer in the Southern Part of the Pacific Oman," by M. A. Uordanov,
pp. 33-37.
Figure 1 chows the distribution or the surface water temperature
botwcon southern South America and the area ,south of New Zealand for
Mgrah-June 19M. The iaothorms have a nearly latitudinal orientation;
anomalieri a.re explained textually.
(9) ""New Viewpoint on the Nature or the Ninnis Glacier Tongue," by
V. I. ffard in, pp. 38-42.
The Soviets have rnmapped the area between 1470 E., and 670-68? S.
The Ninnis Ice Tongue, shown on all former maps, no longer appears an
such. Figure 1 show the now map ouperimpoaed on the old. The explana-
tion for this disaropancy is debated in soma detail. The character or
the Ninnit, and Mortz Glaciers are discusnod.
(10) ""Disappearing" Glaciers," by Yd. P. Koblentz, pp. 43.46.
This significant article, with its throe sketch maps, reports
considerable discrepancies between American maps compiled during Opera-
tion.Highjump and Operation windmill with the actual contours of the
area mapped, some features shown do not exist in reality.
(Abstracts of articles from "InformataionrV Drulloton' Sovetskoy Ant
arktieheskoy Ekspeditaii," Numbers 19 and 20, 1960)
lAteat Oaeanorrnphic Research in the Antic Bnoln
This article begins with a definition of "Arctic Basin."" It is
by no means synonymous with "Arctic Ocean," but with what has earlier
been called the "Central Polar 8aoin.,"
Most of the material in this article has been reviewed :.n previ-
oua issues of International Geophysical Cc oerntion. No. 144, 11 Novem-
ber 1960. inasmuch as Gordiyenko, the author of this article, published
most or the same information in zvent n acs zno Gmrrnr1chenk=o
Obi;hchoatva. No. 4, 1960, pp. 293-307. "Main Results or the Latest
Oceanographic Research in the Arctic haulm," by P. A. Gordiyenko and A.
F. Laktionov, Ixvostiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Scriyu Geografiehoskaya,
No. 5, 1960, pp. 22-33.)
US COW-CSC
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