SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100680001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 105
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 7, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 2, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

t RrM i3i8-T UNCLAS I F r ED-SC ENT i F I C I NFORMAT 1 N
s aanrt?ed - Approved ror rteiease : ciH-KUNssz-uu141 K"(nj* 1 or,
DECEMBER 1960
. 1 ?F.
2
 apitlzea - Approvea i-or Kelease : C:IA-KUIIt$Z-UU141 KUUU1 UUbt UUU1-J
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
&j*U1LJ i'1'lt'1C;
INFORMATION REPORT
2 December 1960
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
Issued semi-monthly. Annual subscription $28.00 ($4 additional for . ~mmrrr;, f,?Cf ~r~lr,., j ~,~
foreign mailing). Single copy $2.75.
J025 sox
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9 ~,~ .
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Use of funds for printing this publication approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1958.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted
from recently received publications of the USSR and Eastern
Europe. The information selected is intended to indicate
current scientific developments and activities and is dis-
seminated as an aid to research in the United States.
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT
Table of Contents
P_
I. Biology 1
Biochemistry
Botany
Microbiology
Radiobiology
II. Chemistry
Fuels and Propellants
Geochemistry
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor
Construction Materials=
Organic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Radiation Chemistry
Radiochemistry
III. Electronics
Communications
Instruments and Equipment
Materials
Wave Propagation
IV. Engineering
Aeronaut-Leal Engineering
Atomic Power
Computers and Automatic
Control Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
13
13
17
20
31
J3
31f
?y
39
1+o
43
47
40
1+g
49
50
51
52
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Pair
Approximation Theory
Differential Equations
Numerical Analysis
Probability
Series
Miscellaneous
Behavioral Science
Cardiovascular Diseases
Epidemiology
Geriatrics
Hematology
Immunology and Therapy
Oncology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Radiology
Miscellaneous
VII. Metallurgy
VIII. Physics
Magnetohydrodynamics
Nuclear Physics
Solid State Physics
54
54
54
57
58
59
59
6o
90
90
98
99
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
I. BIOLOGY
Biochemistry
1. Enzyme Activity of Ribonuclease as Related to Structural Changes Due
to the Effect of Ultrasound Waves
"The Effect of UP__trasound Waves on Ribonuclease," by I. Ye.
El'piner and 0. M. Zorina, Institute of Biological Physics,
Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Biof'izika, Vol 5,, No 5,
Sep/Oct 60, pp 573-578
The purpose of the research described was to investigate the exist-
ence of any correlations between the enzymatic properties of a protein
and the characteristics of its structure. Since ribonuclease is an en-,
zyme and a much-studied protein compound, it was selected for these stud-
ies. On the basis of their research, the authors present the following
conclusions.
1. Ribonuclease which has been subjected to ultrasound treatment
(10 volts/cm2) does not lose its enzymatic activity. No loss of activity
was observed following ultrasound treatment of the enzyme either in the
presence of hydrogen or in the presence of oxygen.
2. However, the ultrasound treatment of ri.bonuclease is accompanied
by significant chemical transformations in the protein molecule, which is
evidenced by the separation of low-molecular peptides or, amino acid resi-
dues from the protein molecule. Furthermore, in the ribonuclease which
was subjected to ultrasound treatment in the presence of o..ygan solutions,
a decrease in the maximum absorption band in the ultrwriolet spectrum was
noted.
3. With regard to ribonuclease which was subjected' to ultrasound
treatment in the presence of hydrogen, as increase in the molecular weight
of the enzyme (on an average of O_50 percent) was noted wider the swine
conditions.
I+. An analysis of the above-mentioned phenomenon makes it possible
to consider that the breakdown of the cyclic amino acid residues of the
ribonuclease molecule does not lead to a decrease of its enzymatic actin"
ity, as is the case with the proteolytic enzymes. Ultrasound action is
not reflected by the enzymatic activity of ribonuclease or by the low-
molecular fragments of peptides or of amino acids which separate from
the molecule.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
2. DNA Studies on Cell Surfaces
"A Change in the Surface Properties of Irradiated Desoxyribo-
nucleoprotein and Desoxyribonucleic Acid," by A. M. Tongar
and A. G. Pasynskiy, Institute of Biochemistry imeni, A. N.
Bakh; Moscow, Biofizika, Vol 5, No 5, Sep/Oct 60, pp 517-522
Nucleic acids and nucleoproteins, as well as lipoproteins, play a
significant role in various intracellular structures, and. in the forma-
tion of molecular surface boundaries In the protoplasm. These compounds,
especially the nucleic acids, decompose wider the effect of irradiation,
as a result of which chemical and structural changes occur in the prop-
erties of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins, and in various internal sur-
faces of the cell boundary. With these facts in mind, the authors studied
the capacity of desoxyribonucleoprotein (D.NP) and desoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) to form monolayers and the effect of x-irradiation on the properties
of these compounds in the monolayers.
The authors present the following conclusions.
1. Monolayers of DNA were prepared (by the method of spreading solid
granules, and monolayers of DNP were prepared (by the method of spreading
from solutions) on a 38% aqueous solution of (NH02SO~4. It was shown that
the monolayers formed from the preparations of various molecular weights
were 20-23 A? thick, which indicates that the molecules in the monolayers
are arranged horizontali,y.
2. Curves representing pressure versus area of the monolayers which
were obtained from natural preparations and from preparations which were
destroyed by x-irradiation, (doses ranging from :.OT -106 r), coincide quite
closely, which is characteristic of an essentially identical density of
filling of the monolayers by convolutions of the polynucleotide chin, or
by large fragments of this chain at a given lateral pressure.
Botagy
3. A Review of the Physiological Role of Micronutrients in Plar.Ts
"The Physiological Role of Micronutrients in Plants," by
M. Ya. Shkol'nik, Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Moscow, Izvesti~a, Akademii Nauk SSS'~-Se:r. a biology -
cheskaya, No 5, Sep/Oct pp i-. 7C _
This article i'eviews the recent studies of the physiological role of
micronutrients in plants. Particular attention is paid to metal-contrin-
ing enzymes, as well as to the effect of micro-nutrients in different en-
zyme systems. A more detailed discussion is given on some recent researches
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
on micronutrient participation in flavoprotein catalysis. In view of new
findings concerning organometallic compounds and metal-containing enzymes
a new approach to the problem of ion antagonism is suggested. The reader
is referred to various data on the relationship between micronutrients
and other chemical systems regulating vital functions, such as growth-
promoting substances and vitamins. A detailed review is presented of
micronutrient action in oxidation-reduction processes.
The paper discusses the role of micronutrients (especially that of
Mn) in photosynthesis %nd in chlorophyll synthesis as well as in carbo-
hydrate, phosphorus and protein metabolism and in transfer of organic
? substances. Much attention is paid to the effects on micronutrients of
unfavourable environmental conditions and diseases. The problem of micro-
nutrient interactions in metabolism and of absorption and translocation
in plants is discussed.
4. Tsnnin-Bearing Plants
"High Mountain Plantations of Tannin-Bearing Plants,"
C PYRG nsigned Article); Alma-Ata, Kazakhstansk ya Pravda,
May 60, p 4
"Semipalatinsk. A sovkhoz for the cultivation of tannin-bearing
plants, the first of its kind in the country, was organized in the
Dzhungarskiy Alatau Mountains. The sovkhoz will cultivate snakeweed, a
tannin-bearing plant which grows in a wild state on the mountain plateaus,
at an altitude of 1.5 to 2 kilometers. The roots of the plant weigh as
much as 16 kilograms and contain up to 25 percent of tannin substances.
The Kazakhstan hootanists developed a method whereby the wild plant can be
regularly cultivated; they also developed a method of processing the plant.
The high-mountain snakeweed cultivating sovkhoz is subordinate to the Semi-
palatinsk sovnarkhoz which is constructing a processing plant which will
be the largest in the country (the tannin extract is used by the leather
industry). By the time the plant is completed, about 2,500 thousand
hectares of land will be seeded in snakeweed."
5. Report of Russian Botanist's Trip to China
"Chinese Botanical Gardens," by M. V. Kul'tiasov; Moscow,
Izvesti a Akademii Nauk SSSR-Seri a Biolo icheska a, No 5,
Sep/Oct 60, pp 798-807
The author has reported on his visits to botanical, gardens in China
which took place from 23 Decemb ' 1958 to 7 February 1959. The article
presents a detailed account of his visits to six of the eight existing
botanical gardens in China. The author who made the visit according to
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
a plan for scientific cooperation between the Academy of Sciences USSR
and the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of China, was ac-
companied by a former otudent, Li Sheng-ch'cng, now a scientific assist-
ant of the Peking Botanical Garden.
Microbioloa
PYRGHT
6. Plague and Pseudotube: cuios,.s Antigens Studied
"A Study of Antigens of Plague and Pseudotuberculosis
Bacteria by the Method of Precipitation in Agar," by
S. I. Zaplatina, Tr. Astraithansk. Protivochumn. St.,
(Works of the Astrakhan Anti-Plague Station, No 2,2,
1957 (1958), pp 100-108 `From Referstivn~ry Zhurnal
Biologiya, No 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract No 74970, by
M. Krylova)
"Protein fractions A, B. and C of both microorganisms were investi-
gated in the diffusion precipitation reaction performed according to a
?nodified Oakley and Fulthorpe method. Ring precipitation appeared most
rapidly in 0.3% agar (on the second day); dilution of the antigens pro-
longed the time of appearance of the precipitation zone. The complexity
of antigenic structure of the plague and pseudotuberculosis microorganisms
was demonstrated. The A fractions of both pathogen species were found to
be strictly specific. The B and C fractions had a complex structure and
had antigens common to both species. Nonspecific antigens were not ob-
served."
7. Organism Resembling P. pestis Isolated From Rodents
"The Question of Pestiform Cultures Isolated From the
Small Suslik (Preliminary Report)," by 1. M. Vorona,
Tr. Astrakhansk. Protivochumn. St. (Works of the Astra-
khan Anti-Plague Station , No 2, 1957 (1958), pp 163-
177 (From Referativnyy Zhurnal Biolc, t a, No 16, 25 Aug
CPYRGHT 60, Abstract No 7 ?9 ,8 by A. Shapiro)
"Culture 1843, isolate" from a small suslik, wes examined. Morpho-
logically and biochemically it differed slightly from Pasteurella pestis
and P. pseudotuberculosis rodentium. It had common antigens with P.
pestis No 17 and P. pseudotuberculosis No 6, but not with Escherichia
coli communis. The culture was found to be pathogenic for white mice
(subcutaneous and int rape ri toneal administration), weakly pathogenic for
guinea pigs (subcutaneous and intraperitoneal introduction), and completely
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 ` I &IITApproved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
cQM
nonpathogenic for gerbils (subcutaneous introduction). The phage of' this
culture lysed slightly virulent P. pestis cultures No 1 and No 17, and
virulent culture No 708. The author suggests that the isolation of culture
No 1843 is the result of a P. pestis mutation in vivo."
8. Effects of Various Factors on Pasteurella
"The Resistance of the Pasteurellosis Pathogen to Certain
Abiotic and Biotic Factors," by I. A. Dari'shev, Tr. Sara-
tovsk. Zoovet. In-ta (Works of the Saratov Zooveterinary
Institute), No 7, 1958, pp 72-76 (From Referativnyy Zhurnal
C PYRG HT Biologiya, no 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract No 7 9 0, by V. Roykhel')
"The viability of Pasteurella was studied in 1% and 3% solutions of
carbolic acid., coal-tar creolin, lysol, NaOH, KOH, formalin, a 5% solu-
tion of a sulfur-carbolic mixture, and a clarified solution of calcium
hypochlorite. It was shown that Pasteurella is not very resistant to
the action of disinfectants. Sunlight ki11t:c1 Pasteurella within one to
2 hours; the organisms remained viable for 12-24 hou:'s in diffused light.
Pasteurella survived for 3-15 days during drying under conditions of weak
or insufficient illumination at a warm time of year. Viability was 12
days in liquid manure, feces, soil, combined fodder, grain, decomposed
hay, and water under sterile and unsterile conditions. The &uthor suggests
that the feeble resistance of Pasteurella to environmental factors is a
species characteristic and does not depend on the individual character-
istics of the different strains."
9. Filterable Forms of Bacteria Studied
"The Role of Filterable Forms in the Modifiability of
Bacteria," by Ye. I. Zhitova, Nasledstvennost' i Izmen-
chivost' Rasteniy, Zh.ivotnykh i Mikroorganizmov (Hered-
ity and Modifiability of Plants, Animals and Microor-
ganisms), 1959, pp 294-298 (From Referativnyy Zhurnal
l
CPYRG
ogiya. No 18, 25 Sep 60, Abstract No d4776, by G.
"The author calls filterable forms a special form of existence of
bacteria as a result of their natural or a;-tificial decomposition. Upon
regeneration, filterable forms develop colonies: (1) by an incomplete
process of development, which is distinguished by its morphology and by
increased requirements for the composition of culture media; (2) by a
complete process of development, which differs in some respects from the
original. The first were repeatedly isolated by the author by seeding
filtrates of aerated cultures on serum, yolk, and blood media, and media
containing 'fodder.' They did not grow at all or did not grow very well
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 CPSla~keTd - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
on simple media, and grow well on media containing serum albumin or yeast
autolysates. Morphological, cultural and antigenic characteristics of
similar cultures of different enteric bacteria are presented. It is noted
that common characteristics of weakly growing cultures regenerated from
filterable forms do not depend on their species; this, in the author's
opinion, is a manifestation of a common mechanism of formation. The author
considers that in the course of the formation of filterable forms, more
new enzyme systems which determine the species distinctions are injured,
phylogune tic ally, and the systems which determine the vitally important
functions are preserved. In serial passages of these cultures, on culture
media and in the animal organism, they either die, recover the character-
istics of the initial species, or form altered strains. Cultures with
altered properties, seldom typical or identical with the initial proper-
ties, are frequently isolated from filtrates. The author subdivides the
altered cultures into: (1) those differing from the initial cultures in
antigenic properties; (2) cultures with decreased biochemical activity and
inactive with respect to carbohydrate and alcohol; () pigment-forming
cultures, which are distinguished by different properties. The nature of
changes in enzymatic manifestations are approximately identical in differ-
ent species of enteric bacteria. Antigenic complexes which differ from
the original species are formed in the altered cultures; the antigenic
species distinctions are also maintained to a known extent. As a rule,
they are not virulent, not toxic, their properties are stable, and re-
versal of characteristics of the original species occurs only in isolated
cases. In the author's opinion, the general direction of the course of
mutation after regeneration of filterable forms is expressed by saprophy-
tization. Filterable forms are the initial material for the formation
of cultures with altered properties, but the process of their regeneration
is one of the most importi.at mechanisms of mutation."
10. Spirochetes Examined Under Electron Micros ope
"The Structure of Pathogenic Spirochetes Under the Electron
Microscope," by A. P. Shcheu].ov, Izv. ANUzSSR, Ser. Med (Bul-
letin of the Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR, Medicine Series),
No 5, 1959, pp 79-86 (From Referativn Zhurnal Bioio%i a,
CPYRGH1o 18, 25 Sep 60, Abstract No 749)
"This article is a review of Soviet and foreign literature on elec-
tron microscopy of C.ristispira, Treponema, Borrelia and .Z~eptospira begin-
ning in 1945."
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Radiobiology
11. Chemical Protection from Radiation
"Protective Action of Unithiol in Radiation Affections in
Experiments on Rats and Rabbits," by S. Ya. Arbuzov and V.
P. Korotkova; Yezhegodnik Tr_In-ta Eksperim. Med. AMN
SSSR) (Yearboolc Works of the Institute of Experimental
Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences USSR)], 1958, L.,
1959, 433-437 (from Referativn Zhurnal-Biologiya, No 16,
CPYRg 60, Abstract No 7920, by K. Dubinina}
Unithiol intraperitoneally administered to rats in doses of 200 to
400 milligrams per kilogram body weight half an hour before irradiation
(1000 to 1200 r) increases the resistance of the animals to the effects
of radiation this is manifested in the increase in the percentage of
survival) an increase in the average life-span of the animals, and the
more rapid recovery from the injuries caused by irradiation. Unithiol
administered to rabbits (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram body weight)
one half hour before irradiation (1000r) increases the survival rate of
the animals by 20 percent over that of the control animals. The pro-
tective action of unithiol and its doses vary depending on the species
of the animals."
12. Pre- and Post-Irradiation Use of Bicillin Effective Against I.adia-
tion Sickness
"Bicillin in Different Variations of Complex Therapy and
Prophylaxis of Acute Radiation Sickness in Dogs," by N.
V. Rayev . and I. N. Usacheva.; Moscow, Patologicheskaya
Fiziolo i a i EkS rimer_tal?naya Terapiya, Vol 4, No 4,
Jul Aug 60, p 74+
Bicillin was administered intramuscularly (600,000 units) in com-
bination with streptomyscin and chlortetracycline to dogs prior to and
after their irradiation (by 600 r from x-rays and 300, 400, and 600 r
from gamma-rays) for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
A certain degree of positive action due to bicillin was evident since
the life span of the treated animals was prolonged by 2.5 days, and the
symptoms of acute radiation sickness were less marked in the treated ani-
mals as compared with the control animals. /
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
13. The Use of Ciin in the Therapy of Radiation Sickness
"Ciin and its Combination with Antibiotics in Acute
Radiation Sickness in Mice," by Z. V. Yermol'yeva,
G. Ye. Vaisberg, N. I. Givental?, and T. N. Likina,
Laboratory of New Antibiotics with the Chair of Micro-
biology, Central Institute for the Advanced Training
of Physicians; Moscow, Antibiotiki, Vol 5, No 4,Tuly-
Aug 60, pp 37-41
Albino mice were used in the experiments which were carried out to
determine the effectiveness of ciin, a polysaccharide of bacterial origin,
when used in combination with antibiotics for the therapy of radiation
sickness. Ciin was administered to the animals intraperitoneally in doses
of 300 gamma per mouse of a 0.2 milliliters of a physiological salt solu-
tion. Control mice were administered only the physiological salt solution.
Within 18 to 24 hours the animals were expose to X-ray irradiation in doses
of 450 to 600 r, Ciin in combination with strepotmycin and bicillin was
administered to some of the animals after the irradiation. The experiments
established that a single administration of ciin sharply reduced mortality
of the animals from radiation sickness; a single administration of ciin
in combination with streptomycin and bicillin 24 hours before the irradia-
tion almost completely prevented the death of the irradiated animals.
It is assumed that the effectiveness of ciin is due to its capacity
to increase the resistance of the organism to a number of harmful effects
caused by radiation.
14. Aminoethylisothiuronium Effect on the Organism
"The Protective Action of Aminoethylisothiuronium
Against Ionizing Radiation," by I. Belokonskiy,
Voyen-Med. Delo (Bulgaria), 1959, 14, No 3, 13-17
(from ferativnyy Zhurnal-Biolo i a, No 18, 25 Sept
CPYRGHT6o, Abstract No 88881 by S. Stefanov)
"Experiments which were carried out on mice, rats, and guinea pigs
established that aminoethylisothiuronium (I) (intraperitoneally and sub-
cutaneously 10 to 30 minutes, and by mouth two hours before irradiation)
prevented the death of 30 to 60 percent of the animals (100 percent
mortality of the control animals) and increased the average life-span of
the animals. The effective doses of I are considerably smaller than the
toxic doses. The application of I 5 minutes before the irradiation pro-
duced no effect."
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
15. Plasma and Serum Protect, Erythrocytes Against Radiation Damages
"Changes of Erythrocyte Radiosensitivity," by A. M.
ICuzin and K. S. Trincher, Institute of Biological
Physics, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Biofizilca,
Vol 5, No 5, Sep/Oct 60, pp 533-538
A method of detecting radiation damage to erythrocytes suspended in
physiological solution gamma-irradiated by 500 r from radiocobalt has been
developed. The method is based on the following formula:
1
(5oo)(i.6 x 1012) (50 x 10-8) (200 x 10-8
).130 radicals; where 500
r I. the irradiation dose, 1.6 x 1012 is the number of ionizations in aneml of
water, 50x 10-8 cm is the free path of a radical in the water, and
200 x 10-8 cm is the surface area of an erythrocyte.
The various protein molecules of blood plasma exert a protective
effect against penetrating radiation action on "structured" protein com-
plexes of the surface layer of erythrocytes. This protective action is
evident following the action of irradiation doses as high as 3,000 r.
A hypothesis is expressed by the authors on the radical mechanism
of radiation damage to the cell surface which has been irradiated by
very low doses of penetrating radiations. Results of these studies,in-
dicate that erythrocytes under normal conditions are highly radio-resistant
cells as a result of the protective effect of blood plasma. However, fol-
lowing a sharp decrease of the blood serum, the in vitro erythrocytes
diluted by a factor of 200 beconn very radio-sensitive, and radiation in-
jury becomes evident after irrad:i.ation by 500 r.
16. An Analysis of the Action of Agents Which Modify Radiosensitivity
An Analysis of the Action of Fundamental Physical Factors
Which Change Radio sensitivity," by L. Kh. Eydus and Ye. E.
Ganassi, Institute of Biological Physics, Academy of Sci-
ences USSR; Moscow, Biofizilca, Vol 5, No 5, Sep/Oct 60,
pp 523-532
Taking into consideration various factors which modify radiosensiti-
vity, the authors attempt to compare the results of experiments concern-
ing the irradiation of biological objects in vivo and in vitro with data
obtained by using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance; they
present the following conclusions.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Following irradiation, unpaired electrons which are subject to the
action of a aeries of agents can be detected and may remain for long
periods in macromolecules and in biological objects. Later, the fate of
these unpaired electrons differs.
In the presence of sufficient moisture, a number of them disappear
and thus cause no damage. The protective role of water is linked to this
fact.
The effect of oxygen on a second part of these electrons causes in-
jury ('oxygen effect") but only when water is present.
Injury by heat ("thermal" sequelae) is linked to the action exerted
on the third part of the unpaired electrons, and the injury resulting
therefrom is possible only in the presence of water. However, the pro-
tective role of heat which has been observed in a number of experiments
depends on a change in the interrelationship of the action of various
agents which modify the damage.
The fact that the injurious action of all three agents discussed by
the authors, i. e., heat, oxygen and nitrogen oxides, is brought about
only through the participation of water, deserves attention.
In the authors' experiments with protein solutions, the disappearance
of the unpaired electrons under the effect of the modifying agents was
accompanied by an irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Since the zone
of localization of the unpaired electrons evidently is at some distance
from the enzyme centers under normal conditions, these processes must
involve migration of a charge and energy.
The presence of water is as essential for this as is the action of
the modifying agents themselves.
It should be considered that water may play a double role in this case,
i. e., the role of a substance through which migration occurs, and also
the role of a factor which stabilizes the structure of the macro-molecules
and thereby creates the possibility of migration through this structure.
A consideration of the physical mechanisms of the action exerted by
agents which modify radiation injury does not enter into the scope of the
present review. The authors point out that one should consider possible
mechanisms of the action of modifying agents on the unpaired electrons
which are preserved in the macromolecules, and on the protein structure
itself in connection with the affect of the water which enters into the
hydration of this structure.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
17. The Effect of Radioactive Phosphorus On Aseptic Inflammations Caused
by Burns
"The Second Azerbaydzhan SSR Conference On the Application
of Radioactive Isotopes and Nuclear Radiation" by A. M.
Maznedov; Moscow, Atomnaya Ener ,iya, Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60,
CPYRGHp 338-339.
"At the Sector of Physiology, Academy of Sciences Azerbaydzhan SSR,
the effects of a phosphorus isotope on the course and nature of aseptic
inflammations were investigated. It was found that the radioactive
phosphorus isotope p32, when introduced 20 hrs before and 2 hrs after
inflication of a burn trauma, changes in a significant manner the course
of the inflammation process. It was established that under the action
X-rays the strength and character of interoreceptive exchange reflexes
is significantly altered. Whereas irradiated animals do not exhibit any
noticeable changes in the composition of the blood (as far as the sugar
level is concerned), significant changes can be detected in the character
of the interoreceptive exchange reflexes. This finding is of practical
importance."
18. Excretion of Radioactive Substances from the Organism
"Methods of the Excretion of Radioactive Sulfur of
Mercamine From the Organism of Irradiated and Non-
irradiated Animals," by S. Ya. Arbuzov, V. A. Bazanov,
I. Ya. Nekachalova, V. N. Patalova, V. V. Petelina,
and E. K. Shamova; Yezhegodnik (Tr. In-ta Eksperim.
Med. AMN SSSR) [Yearbook (Works of the Institute of
Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR)], for 1958, L., 1959, 419-424 (from Referativnyy
Zhurnal-Biolo iya, No 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract No 79209,
CPYRGHty K. Dubinina)
"A solution of mercamine S35 (100 milligrams of mercamine with an
activity of 100 microcuries) was intraperitoneally administered to con-
trol and experimental rats (60) in a dose of 2.5 milligrams per kilogram
body weight. Half an hour later the animals (30) were irradiated with
1000 r, and the activity of S35 in the urine' and feces was determined.
During the first 24-hour period the s35 was excreted mainly with the
urine; a n increase of the excretion of S35 with the feces was noted dur-
ing the second 24-hour period. Less s35 was excreted by the experimental
animals than the control animals; diuresis decreased. Mercamine increased
the excretion of ester-sulfur compounds with the urine, a fact, which
apparently points to the intensification of the detoxication process."
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
19. Electrical Conductivity Correlated With Autolysis in Hepatic
Tissue Surviving Irradiation
"A Study of the Electrical Conductivity and Autolysis
of the Hepatic Tissue of Irradiated Animals," by Ye.
V. Burlakova and I, M. Parkhomenko, Biology-Soil
Faculty of the Moscow State University imeni M. V.
Lomonosov; Moscow, Biofizika, Vol 5, No 5, Sep/Oct
60, pp 55P?557
The purpose of the research described was to correlate the autoly-tic
processes in the hepatic tissue of irradiated animals with the changes
occurring in its electrical parameters.
The change of high-frequency and low-frequency (0.2,"2, 10, 50 and
100 kc) and 1 megacycle) resistance values and the dispersion of resist-
ance in the hepatic tissue irradiated in vitro by gamma-rays from cobalt,
and also the change in the resistance value and in the autolytic processes
of the surviving hepatic tissue of mice subjected to in vivo gamma-
irradiation from radiocobalt were studied.
1. It was established that, following gamma-irradiation from radio-
cobalt by doses of 401000 and 50,000 r, there is an increase in the values
of dispersion of resistance and of low-frequency and high-frequency resist-
ance in the surviving hepatic tissue of rats.
2. It was evident that the autolytic processes (determined from
amino nitrogen) in the surviving hepatic tissue of mice subjected to
gamma-irradiation from radiocobalt by doses of 800-1,000 r were inten-
sified.
3. A direct correlation between the intensification of the autolytic
processes in the surviving hepatic tissue of the irradiated mice and the
increase in the value of low-frequency resistance of the hepatic tissue
was established. The value of the correlation ratio of these two processes
was 0.88 for the first hour, 0.86 for the second hour, and 0.81 for the
third hour.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
II. CHEMISTRY
Fuels and Propellants
Dome reroxIae Radicals
"A Semiempirical Method for Calculating the Heats of Formation
of Hydroperoxides and the Conjugation Energies of Some Peroxide
Radicals," by G? I. Likhtenshteyn, A. L. Buchachenko, and Vo I.
Vedeneyev, Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Moscow, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 133, No 5, 11 Aug
60, pp 1102-1104
In the oxidation of a great number of organic substances in the gase-
ous, liquid, and solid phases, hydroperoxides play an important role as
chain-branching agents. To calculate the energy of reactions in which
hydroperoxides participate, it is necessary to have data on the heats of
formation of these compounds. A satisfactory method for calculating
these heats of formation was not available hitherto. A semiempirical
method for this purpose is proposed. By using this method, it was estab-
lished that with the increase of the length of the hydrocarbon chain and
the growth of the degree of branching, QR0-OH increases in a regular
manner from 32 kilocalories for CH300H to 39 kilocalories for tert-C5Hll
OOH. An equation is derived which makes it possible to calculate the
conjugation energy of peroxide radicals. This equation was used to
calculate the conjugation energy of the radical that forms after irradia-
tion of teflon with gamma-rays in the presence of oxygen. By using this
equation, it was possible to analyze the structure of a number of poly-
oxygen compounds. Specifically, it was established that the true structure
of ozone corresponds neither to a biradical nor to a three-membered ring.
21. Initiating Effect of Nitrosyl Chloride in Oxidations
"The Initiating Effect of Nitrosyl Chloride in the Oxidation of
Propane," by Z. K. Mayzus and N. M. Emanuel', Institute of Chemi-
cal Physics, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Doklady Akademii
Nauk SSSR, Vol 133, No 3, 21 Jul 60, pp 627-629
Controlled oxidation of propane 1.1 the presence of nitrosyl chloride
was investigated. It was found that addition of NOC1 -:~Jt only increases
the rates of formation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in comparison with
the rates at which these products are formed in the presence of nitrogen
dioxide or in an oxidation that has not been initiated by a gaseous catalyst,
- 13 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
but also raises the maximum concentrations of these two substances? Further-
more, the catalytic action of nitrosyl chloride is effective in lowering
the temperature of spontaneous ignition of mixtures of propane with oxygen,
When the oxidation of propane 19 catalyzed by nitrosyl chloride or nitrogen
dioxide, the principal nitrogen-containing compound that is formed during
the oxidation is nitropropane, Practically all of the nitrogen contained
in the nitrosyl chloride is transferred into nitropropane.
With equal quantities of NOC1 and NO2 added, the rate of formation
of nitropropane is greater in the reaction catalyzed by NOC1. From the
fact that the maximum yields of nitropropane in the presence of NOC1 and
N02 are the same, one may draw some conclusions in regard to the mechanism
of the action of NOC1. If the catalytic effect were due solely to the
action of N02 formed from NOC1, as has been assumed for the nitrosyl
chloride-sensitized reaction of hydrogen with oxygen, the action of NOC1
and N02 must be the same in the systems under consideration. Actually
the catalytic effect of NOC1 is much greater than that of equivalent
quantities of N02, Consequently, in catalysis with NOC1, an important
role in the initiation of oxidation chaina must be played by Cl atoms
formed as a result of the decomposition of nitrosyl chloride,
22. Conversion of Natural Gas to Synthesis Gas and Production of Hydrogen
From Natural Gas
"Conversion of Natural Gas With Water Vapor on Iron-Nickel
Catalysts," by Yu. I. Ibragimov, N. P. Grebenshchikova, Ya,
Yu. Aliyev, and S. A. Sigov, Institute of Chemistry, Academy
of Sciences Uzbek SSR; Tashkent, Uzbekskiy Khimicheskiy
Zhurnl, No 4, Aug 60, pp 49-54
A very extensive supply of raw material is available in the form
of natural gas at the Bukhara Oblast? of the Uzbek SSR. Conversion of
solid or liquid fuel does not make it possible to produce at a low enough
cost synthesis gas for the production of ammonia and organic synthesis.
By converting the hydrocarbons of natural gas, the cost of synthesis gas
can be reduced considerably.
At present, natural gas in the USSR is converted principally by the
catalytic method, Nickel is used as a catalyst in the process applied.
Although nickel is sufficiently active when the gases do not contain
sulfur, it is too easily poisoned (sometimes irreversibly) even by traces
of sulfur compounds, For this reason, the development of new low-temperature,
highly active, mechanically strong, sulfur-resistant, and cheap catalysts
for the conversion of natural gas is of particular importance. Catalysts
on the basis of iron appear especially promising from this standpoint,
- 14 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
A. A. Baykov proposed as early as 1933 that iron ore be reduced
directly with natural gas. However, no such process has been applied
on a technical scale as yet.
K. P. Lavrovskiy and A. L. Rozentalv developed a continuous process
for the production of hydrogen by the reduction of iron ores by a fluidized
solids method, using water gas and, later, natural gas (Trudy Institute
Nefti AN SSSR, 8, 1956; p 134). In the opinion of Lavrovskiy and Rozental',
the iron ore transfers oxygen taken from the' water during the oxidation
stage, i.e., it functions as a chemical reagent.
I. M. Artyukhov devised a novel method for the conversion of hydro-
carbons on catalysts containing 15-50% of iron (Gazovaya Promyshlennostf,
5, 1958, pp 36-40).
T. 0gawa and coworkers established that it is feasible to apply an
iron oxide catalyst for the conversion of methane to synthesis gas (cf
T. Ogawa, U. Matui, and H. Senco, Chemical Abstracts, Vol 33, 1939,
P 3327; Vol 34, 1940, p 5627)
In the work described at present.. Bukhara natural gas containing
95-97% of methane was converted together with water vapor in the tempera-'
ture range of 600-900? on a catalyst consisting of the oxides of aluminum,
iron, and chromium. It was found that this catalyst exhibits only a low
activity in this type of process. Its activity could be increased con-
siderably by adding nickel; it reached a maximum at a nickel content
amounting to 10-15%. A method proposed for the heat treatment of the
catalyst eliminated settling at the temperatures used in the experiments.
No data on the poisoning of the catalyst due to the presence of sulfur
compounds are given.
23. Thermodynamic Treatment of Experimental Data on Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium in the System Oxygen A----
"Thermodynamic Treatment of Experimental Data on Vapor-Liquid
Equilibrium in the System Oxygen-Argon," by G. B. Narinskiy,
Institute of Oxygen Machine Building; Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskoy
Khimii, Vol 34, No 8, Aug 60, pp 1778-17$7
Experimental data on vapor-liquid equilibrium in the system oxygen-
argon for the temperatures. 90.5, 100, 110, and 120?K (1) have been sub-
jected to thermodynamic analysis with the objective of testing their
validity.
- 15 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
On the basis of the general Van-der-Waals equation, using the equation
of state with the second virial coefficient in its precise form for the
vapor phase, a relation has been derived between the total pressure and
the composition of the equilibrium phases of liquid and vapor at constant
temperature, The equation is of sufficient accuracy for tae pressures
occurring in the experiments, The deviation of the experimental data
from the equation has been determined both for the entire range of con-
centrations and for individual regions, and it has been shown that the
deviations fall within the limits of possible errors in the determination
of pressures, temperatures, and compositions of the liquid and vapor
phases. The activity coefficients of the solution components have been
calculated, and it has been shown that the oxygen-argon system may be
regarded as belonging to the class of regular solutions.
24, Investigation of the Separation of Nitrogen Helium Mixtures bar
Diffusion Through Porous Membranes
"Investigation of the Separation of Nitrogen-Helium Mixtures
by Diffusion Through Porous Membranes," by M, G. Kaganer, All-
Union Scientific Research Institute of Oxygen Machine Building;
Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskov Khimii, Vol 34, No 9, Sep 60, pp
2005-2012
The diffusion of three helium-nitre 'en mixtures containing 4-20%
helium through porous partitions with po ) sizes of a few tenths of a
micron has been investigated. The effect of the pressure in front and
behind the partition, of the mean pressure, and of the fraction of the
gas having passed the partition on the separation coefficient has been
determined. The experimental data deviate markedly from the theoretical,
The relation between the ratio of the theoretical and experimental values
for the enrichment coefficient and the pressure difference has been found
to be described by a straight line in the region from Oo5 to 3,0 kg/cm2.
25. Arrangement for Determining the Compressibility of Gases at Pressures
to 200 Atm and Temperatures in the Range of 0 to Minus 200 C
"Arrangement for Determining the Compressibility of Gases at
Pressures up to 200 Atm and Temperatures of 00 to minus 2000C,"
by I. A. Rogovaya and M, G. Kaganer, All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Oxygen Machine Building; Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskov
Khimii, Vol 34, No 9, Sep 609 pp 1933-1937
An arrangement has been developed for measuring the specific volumes
of gases in the ranges of temperatures from 00 to minus 2000C and pressures
up to 200 atm with an accuracy of approximately Oo05%, The arrangement
was designed to measure the specific volumes of air, argon, oxygen, and
- 16 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
other atmospheric gases. The specific volume of air has been measured
at temperatures of 00, minus 500, and minus 1000C and pressures up to
110 atm(absolute). The results obtained are in good agreement with the
data of Michel et al.
Geochemistry
26 a. Distribution of Germanium in Coal Components
"On the Character of the Distribution of Germanium in Coal
Components," by I. So Sofiyev and I. N. Semasheva; Moscow,
Geokhimiya, No 6, Aug 60, pp 541-543
Investigation of a section of a coal deposit that is considerably
enriched in germanium and is described in some detail indicated that
germanium was present in all components of the coal, including fusain
cf I. S. Sofiyev, I. N. Semasheva, and D. To Zabramnyy, Doklady Akademii
Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR, No 8, 1959). It was apparent that the gelled portions
of structural vitrain had a greater tendency to accumulate this element
than other coal components. However, there was no connection between
an increased vitrain content and accumulation of germanium in every region
of the deposit; some sections were rich in vitrain, but poor in germanium.
It is concluded that the distribution of germanium between sections does
not depend on the petrographic composition of the coal in the sections,
although there is a distinct correlation between the germanium content
and individual petrographic components in any particular section, The
determining factor in the distribution of germanium between sections of
a coal deposit is apparently not the petrographic composition of the
coal, but the total complex of physicochemical conditions that have con-
tributed to the migration of germanium from one section of buried peat to
another. Enrichment of germanium within sections in individual coal com-
ponents must be regarded as a consequence of subsequent redistribution due
to the characteristic properties of the coal components.
26 b. Migration of Rhenium-From*Molybdenites.
"Specific Characteristics of the Migration of Rhenium From
Molybdenites," by D. Ye. Morachevskiy and A. A. Nechayeva,
All-Union Scientific Research Geologic Institute, Leningrad;
Moscow, Geokhimiya, No 6, Aug 60, pp 543-545
The rhenium content in a molybdenite deposit that had been investigated
was found to vary widely (from traces to 170 g of Re per ton). In some
other molybdenite deposits, the content of Re reaches 0.1% and more. The
- 17 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
content of water-soluble rhenium and molybdenum in molybdenites and
the content of molybdenum and rhenium in molybdenites of some deposits as
compared with that in the waters correlated with these deposits were
determined. It was established that rhenium goes into solution much more
readily than molybdenum and migrates with greater facility. The compounds
of rhenium formed from molybdenites are more soluble in water than the
corresponding rhenium compounds. Rhenium is oxidized more easily than
molybdenum. The relative content of thenium increases with the depth of
the deposit because oxidation is less pronounced at greater depths.
Notwithstanding the greater tendency of rhenium to migrate, rhenium and
molybdenum may occur together in iron ochers, which have a good adsorp-
tion capacity for both of these elements.
27. On Interrelationships Pertaining to Rare-Earth Elements and Some
Peculiarities of Rare-Earth Separation in the Processes of Endogenous
Mineral Formation
"On Interrelationships Pertaining to Rare-Earth Elements and
Some Peculiarities of Rare-Earth Separation in the Processes
of Endogenous Mineral Formation," by L. S. Borodin, Institute
of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Crystal Chemistry of Rare
Elements, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Geokhimiya. No 6,
Aug 60, PP 506-517
The study of variations in the composition of rare earths in a number
of minerals of a different genesis (monazite, rinkolite, sphene, apatite,
perovskite) with the aid of a correlative "lanthanum" graph shoirs that
in many geochemical processes, a division of the rare earths into two
groups, those of "more basic" and "less basic" elements, is observed.
Being determined by concrete geochemical conditions, the composition of
the indicated groups is not constant. Only in some cases (when there is
approximately equal activity of ceric and yttric earths) do these groups
correspond to ceric and yttric earths.
The change in the composition of both groups takes place in a con-
jugated manner which is displayed in a constantly observed multiple
correlation -- direct and inverse -- of all the rare-earth elements.
The composition of the group of rare-earth elements which separate
from the solution determines the possibility of the appearance of a
selective or complex composition of the rare earths in minerals of the
same paragenesis.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
28. Composition of the Rare Earths in Gadolinites From Deposits of
Different Genetic Types
"Composition of the Rare Earths in Gadolinites from Deposits
of Different Genetic Typos," by Eo Ye. Vaynshteyn, I. Tc
Alexandrova, and N. V. Turanskaya, All-Union Institute of Mineral
Raw Materials and Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chem-
istry imeni V. I. Vernadskiy, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow,
Geokhimiya, No 6, Aug 60, PP 498-505
The distribution of rare-earth elements and yttrium in gadolinites
from deposits of four different genetic types was studied with the aid of
X-ray spectral analysis. It is shown that the character of the distribu-
tion of elements in gadolinites (belonging to the number of so called '
complex minerals) strongly depends on the conditions of their formation.
The most enriched in yttrium are the gadolinites, the formation of which
is connected with granitic and alkaline pegmatites, The richest in cerium
are the accessory gadolinites. If albitization processes are developing
in gadolinites, an accumulation of yttrium and ceric rare-earth elements
and a removal of yttric earths occur.
29. Neutron-Borometric Surveying
"Neutron-Borometric Profiling,tt by V. I. Baranov, V. K.
Khristianov, B. V. Karasev, and S. S. Korobov, Institute
of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry imeni V. I. Vernadskiy,
Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Geokhimiya, No 6, Aug 60, pp
490-497
Detectors of neutrons and gamma-quanta combined with amplifying
schemes are arranged together with a hydrogen-containing reflector of
neutrons symmetrically in relation to a Po-Be neutron source. The re-
flector, together with the rest of the arrangement set on metal runners,
is pulled by an automotive vehicle with a speed of 6 $ 8 km/h.
The readings are automatically recorded. A concentration change of
the boron oxide in the soil by 0.005 percent causes a change in the count-
ing speed of the neutron counter by 10 percent relative.
With the aid of a simultaneous recording of the density of the neutron
flux and the intensity of secondary gamma radiation, one succeeds in fol-
lowing changes in the boron concentration in areas of chloride saline
accumulations (salt domes), The arrangement described is of use in detect-
ing deposits of boron minerals and accumulations of boron in waters cor-
related with-petroleum deposits. Neutron-borometric surveying was found
to be superior to surveying by the boron-metallometric method.
- 19 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials
30. Extraction of Uranium by Adsorption From Slurries and Solutions
"Extraction of Uranium by Adsorption From Slurries and Solutions,"
by Bo N. Laskorin; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9s No 4, Oct 60,
Pp 286-295
It is brought out that ion-exchange processes are used extensively in
the uranium industry. Adsorption from acidic and carbonate solutions and
slurries is applied in the treatment of uranium ores and in the production
of pure uranium compounds. The fundamental relationships underlying these
processes are discussed. The characteristics of different types of ion-
exchange resins which can be used for the selective adsorption of uranium
are given. USSR cation-exchange resins employed for this purpose are
described and compared with US, British, and GDR resins. The behavior of
elements accompanying uranium is described. Information is given on
variations of the flo sheet for an adsorption process by which uranium can
be extracted from a slurry containing up to 40% of solidso It is pointed
out that further improvement in technical adsorption processes can be
achieved by using ion-exchange agents which exhibit superior kinetic
characteristics and have a higher selectivity with respect to uranium.
The article is based to a considerable entent on the authors awn work in
this field.
31. Existence in Solutions of a Monoacetate Uranyl Complex
"The Existence in Solutions of a Monoacetate Uranyl Complex," by
V. P. Nikon-skiy, Vo V. Kolychev, A. L. Grekovich, and V. I.
Paramonova; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya,'Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 330-
338
By applying the methods of ion exchange, pH measurements, and spec-
trophotometry, it was established that in acetate solutions at low con-
centrations oc the ligand (not exceeding 3.5 X lO-3, 1)s only the complex
ion [U02 Act is presents in addition to urany]. ions. It was also
established that at concentrations of the ligand higher than 3.5 X 103
M, complexes with a higher content of the liga~nd are present in solution
in addition to the cationic complex LU02 Act e' The value of'the dissocia-
tion ("instability") constant K1 for the complex cation [U02 Ac] / was
established by all three methods mentioned above and found to be equal
to 3.5 x 10-3 on the basis of ion exchange data, 3.8 xx.0-3 on the basis
of data obtained by pH determinations., and 3.7 X 10-3 on the basis of
spectrophotometric data. Because in the calculation of the constant K1
the possibility of partial formation of complexes with a greater number,
of ligand groups than one was not considered, the lowest value obtained,
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
io e., 3.7 X 10-3, must be regarded as the lower limit of the value of
the constant. Actually, the stability of the complex may be somewhat
lower than that corresponding to this value,
32. Solubility Product of the Hydroxide of Tetravalent Uranium
"The Solubility Product of the Hydroxide of Tetravalent
Uranium," by M. Ao Stepanov and No P. Galkin; Moscow,
Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60, pp 282-285
The solubility product of U(OH) has been calculated. 'Knowledge of
this product is necessary for the efficient carrying out of processes of
uranium conversion and methods for the determination of uranium, As a
basis for the calculation, experimental data have been used which were
obtained by the potentiometric titration with alkali of a hydrochloric
acid solution of tetravalent uranium, The pH was determined by using
an LP-5 tube potentiometer; the active concentration of U4+ was calculated
from the analytically determined concentration of tetravalent uranium under
consideration of hydrolysis and the ionic strengths It was established
that the solubility products equals (l l0 ? 0o72).lO-52,
33. Determination of the Composition of Nitric Acid Solutions of Ur yl
Nitrate on the Basis of Specific Weight, Electrical Conductivity,
and Refraction Index
"Physicochemical Properties of Nitric Acid Solutions of
Uranyl Nitrate and Determination of the Composition of These
Solutions (on the Basis of Specific Weight, Electrical Con-
ductivity, and the Refraction Index)," by To A. Slepyan and
So Mo Karpacheva; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 3, May
60, pp 369-376
The specific weight, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and re-
fraction index of the system uranyl nitrate-nitric acid-water have been
investigated in the concentration range from 0 to 2 M with respect to
uranyl nitrate and from zero to saturation with respect to nitric acids
It was found that the specific weight can be calculated by using the
formula d = do / 0.317 CU ,L 0.029 cH with a precision reaching Oo5% re-
lative. It was also established that the refraction index can be
determined by the formula n=n 0 / 0.0339 cU / 0.0067 cH with a precision
approaching Oo2% (relati-re), On the basis of the physicochemical,char-
acteristics that have been studied, a method was developed for the deter-
mination of the composition of the tricomponent system uranyl nitrate-
nitric acid-water, Diagrams relating the specific weight to electrical
conductivity and the index of refraction to electrical 'conductivity have
been constructed that are to be used in determinations of the composition
of this system.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
34o Infrared Spectra of Organic Solutions of Urarnyl Nitrate Hydrates in
the Region of Frequencies of Deformational Vibration of Water
"Infrared Spectra of Organic Solutions of Uranyl Nitrate Hydrates
in the Region of Frequencies of Deformational Vibration of Water,"
by V. M. Vdovenko, Do No Suglobov, and Ye. A. Smirnova; Leningrad,
Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 296-300
On the basis of data obtained by investigation of the nature of changes
in spectra of solutions of uranyl nitrate dihydrate in some organic solvents
and also of spectra of ether solutions of uranyl nitrate with varying con-
centrations of water taken in the region of frequencies of deformational
vibrations of water, it was established that the water coordinated with
uranium is polarized and that there is formation of a hydrogen bond between
the water of hydration and molecules of the solvent. It was also estab-
lished that unequal values must be ascribed to the positions of the first
two and ^ubsequent two molecules of water in the coordination sphere of
uranium. By comparing spectra of uranyl nitrate solutions in mixtures of
ethyl ether-carbon tetrachloride with spectra of solutions of uranyl nit-
rate in ethyl ether at varying concentrations of water, it was established
that the apparent reduction of the average degree of hydration of uranyl
nitrate with increasing proportions of carbon tetrachloride takes place
as a result of changes in the quantity of freely dissolved water and
water of the second solvate layer,, Even at high concentrations of car-
bon tetrachloride, the hydrogen bond between the water of hydration and
ether remains unbroken.
35o Improved Method forthe Coprecipitatiora of Uranium From Natural
Waters
"Organic Coprecipitants; Part 14 -- An Improved Methcd for the
Coprecipitation of Uranium From Natural Waters," by V. I.
Kusnetsov and T. G. Akimova; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya, Vol 2,
No 4, Aug 60, pp 426-430
It was established that uranium can be coprecipitated quantitatively
with methyl violet thiocyanate from natural waters containing only 0.02
y of U per liter when the pH is no higher than 3-3.5. At a PH N .5
coprecipitatior. of uranium proceeds to the extent of - 80%. It,was found
that when diethylthiocarbamate of sodium, ammonium thiocyanate, and methyl
violet are used together, coprecipitation of uranium takes place quantita-
tively from water with a pH of 7o8-8.6 o Procedures are described for
the coprecipitation of uranium from acidified and and nonacidified natural
waters. A method has been developed for the preparation of samples on
which fluorometric determination of uranium is carried out. The experi-
ments described have been conducted with a sodium chloride solution, water
from the Moskva river, and water from the Pacific Ocean.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
36. Determination of the Solubility of Ammonium Plutonyl Carbonate in
Different Aqueous Solutions
"Determination of the Solubility of Ammonium Plutonyl Carbonate
in Different Aqueous Solutions," by L, Ye. Drabkina; Leningrad,
Radiokhimi_ya, Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 377-37F
In an earlier paper, the isolation of ammonium plutonyl carbonate
(Nil )4[Pu 02 (CO3)3 ] in the solid state was reported (cf. L. Ye.
Drabkiha, Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 3, 1956, p 1109). Its
characteristics were described. In the investigation reported at present
the solubility of this salt in aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate,
ammonium nitrate, and mixed solutions of ammonium carbonate and ammonium
nitrate was determined. It was established that in all of the solutions
mentioned, the solubility of ammonium plutonyl carbonate changes in
accordance with the solubility product law.
37. Extraction Capacity of Neutral Organic Substances Containing Oxygen
"The Extraction Capacity of Neutral Organic Substances Con-
taining Oxygen," by V. G. Timoshev, K. A. Petrov, A. V.
Rodionov, V. V. Balindina, A. A. Volkova, A. V. Yelekina,
and Z. I. Nagnibeda; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 4,
Aug 60, pp 419-425
The extraction capacity of neutral oxygen-containing organic sub-
stances is characterized on the basis of distribution coefficients of
uranyl nitrate and of the nitrates of plutonium (IV), zirconium, and
niobium. A great number of distribution factors, particularly between
aqueous solutions and organophosphorus solvents, was determined, It
was established that the extraction capacity depends on a number of
parameters, particularly the chemical composition and physical state of
the extracting agent and also the displacement of electronic density
toward the oxygen atom which functions as a donor of electrons during
the formation of the coordination complex which is extracted, This dis-
placement of the electronic density is affected both by the chemical compo-
sition and the physical state of the extracting agents It is shown that
the most generally valid relationship affecting extracting capacity is
the displacement of electronic density in the molecule of the extracting
agent or solvent,
- 23 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
38. Coprecipitation of Tetravalent Plutonium With Organic Reagents
"Organic Coprecipitants; Part 13 - Coprecipitation of Tetrava-
lent Plutonium," by V. I. Kuznetsov and T. G. Akimova; Leningrad,
Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 357-363
A method has been develop Ad for coprecipitatiog plutonium in the form
of the nitrate anion Pu (NO )6'- with the nitrate of the butyl ester of
rhodamine B (butylrhodamine'). It was established that coprecipitation
of plutonium takes place quantitatively in such a manner that this element
is separated from large quantities of any other elements that may be pres-
ent, with the exception of U (IV), Th, and Ce (IV). It was found that at
an appropriate value of the pH, plutonium can be quantitatively coprecipitated
with precipitates formed by stilbazo, arsenazo, phensulfazo, and chromo-
trope 2 B when these reagents are reacted with methyl violet or methylene
blue.
39 a. Properties of Nitric Acid Solutions of Pluto yl
"Properties of Nitric Acid Solutions of Plutonyl; Part 3-
Stability of Plutoriyl in Nitric Acid Solution," by V. B.
Nikol'skiy, M. Ye. Pozharskaya, and B. G. Pozharskiy;
Leningrad, Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 320-329
It was shown that during the storage of nitric acid solutions of
plutonyl, there is radiolytic reduction of plutonium, the rate of which
diminishes with increasing concentrations of plutonyl. It was found
that during the radiolytic reduction of dilute nitric acid solutions of
plutonyl at pH = 2.15 - 3.55, pentavalent plutonium is formed. Hexavalent
plutonium is reduced in the form of a plutonyl hydroxy compound. The re-
action takes place according to the equation
PuO2OH / t H;xAPuO2 , H2O
The reduction of plutoryl is accompanied by an increase in the con-
centration of hydrogen ions formed as a result of the radiolysis of water
and also because of the ionization of hydrogen formed in radiolysis due
to the action of the a-radiation emitted by plutonium. Accumulation of
hydrogen ions may lead to the formation of tetravalent plutonium by the
reaction
2 Pu02 / 4 H/~Pu02 / 2 H2O
The assumptions are made that in weakly acidic solutions hydroxy
compounds of plutonium are reduced and that the reaction of the dispro-
portionation of tetravalent plutonium takes place according to the equation
- 24 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
3 PuOlf3 Pu02/ / 2 Pu3/ + 1120
Pu (011)2/ ions and possibl,;' Pu (0111)3+ ions may participate in the dis-
proportionation reaction. Pu (01I)4 molecules do not participate in the
,disproportionation because they undergo polymerization.
39 b. Solubility of Double Sulfates of Zirconium and Plutonium in
Saturated Potassium Sulfate Solutions
"Determination of the Solubility of Double Sulfates
of Zirconium and Plutonium in Saturated Potassium
Sulfate Solutions on the Basis of Data Obtained by Applying
Radioactive Tracers," by V. N. Dobrova; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya,
Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 364-368
It was established that the double sulfates formed by zirconium and
plutonium with potassium are difficultly soluble compounds. It was found
that a double sulfate of zirconium and potassium of constant composition
can be obtained by agitating for a long time the originally formed double
sulfate together with the saturated solution of potassium sulfate in
which it had formed. The data that have been obtained on the double
potassium-plutonium sulfate indicate that there is no hydrolysis of this
plutonium salt in the solutions used in the experiments. The compositions
of the plutonium (IV)-potassium and zirconium-potassium double sulfate
prepp,red under the same conditions are different and can be expressed by
the formulas K4 Pu (SO) 4 and K2 Zr (S04)3.
We Separation of Boron Isotopes by Exchange Between Boron Trifluoride
and Fluoroboric Acid
"The Separation of Boron Isotopes by Chemical Exchange Methods,"
by Be P. Kiselev; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9, No 2., Oct
60, pp 312-313.
The chemical methods for the separation of boron isotopes are briefly
reviewed and compared with distillation methods. The author's experiments
on the separation of boron isotopes by chemical exchange between gaseous
boron trifluoride and fluoroboric acid according to the equation
B10F4 + B11F3 r~,. BllF4+ + B10F3
are described. It was found that B10 concentrates in the gas phase. The
separation factor was found to be le028 ? 0,008, which is a higher value
than that obtained in the separation by distillation of BF3. The experi-
ments described were carried out at 20-30OC.
- 25 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 roved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
Emission Method
by the Thermionic
"Isotopic Maas-Spectrometric Analysis of Boron by the Thermionic
Jinission Method," by A. M. Kolchin, V. F. Malakhov, and G. M,
Panchenkov, Moscow State University; Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskoy
Khmii, Vol 34, No 9, Sep 60, pp 2124-2125
Determination of the isotopic composition of boron in oxygen compounds
of this element by the method involving conversion of the boron into boron
trifluoride is cumbersome and not precise enough; the method of thermionic
emission, which can be applied directly to the oxygen compounds, is prefer-
able. By using a single filament ionic source with sodium borate as the
emitter, ionic radiation beams with the masses 88 and 89 (corresponding
to the ions Na2B1002+ and Na2B1102+) are obtained, Comparison of the
intensities of the two peaks makes it possible to establish directly the
B1j/Blo ratio. It was found in the experiments described that the inten-
sity of the ionic emission from borax increases with increased reducing
capacity of the metal employed ae material for the band serving as carrier
for the borax; according to the me+7,aurements made, the emission increases
in the sequence Pt < Ni W03(0)
- 32 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
was found to be about 800?C. The standard thermodynamic Characteristics
for the low temperature modification were calculated from the experimental
data, their values being:
L
H298
= 203.0 kcal/mol
2298
= - 184o7 kcal/mol
S298
= - 61.6 eouo
5298
= 20.0 eouo
530 Solubility and Properties of Tellurium Trioxide
"On the Investigation of Certain Physicochemical
Properties of Tellurium Trioxide," by M. S. Sarsembayev
and V. D. Ponomarev; Alma-Ata, Vestnik Akademii Nauk
Kazakhskoy SSR, Vol 16, No 8, Aug 60, pp 69-78
Results of the experiments which were conducted to determine the
solubility of tellurium trioxide in water, solutions of caustic soda,
and solutions of sodium carbonate are reported. The experiments
established that the solubility of tellurium trioxide depends on the
temperature and concentration of caustic soda and sodium carbonate in
the solutions; at the same temperature and depending on the concentration
of caustic soda and sodium carbonate in their solutions, sodium tellurates
of different compositions are formed; on the basis of the experiments, it
was possible to determine the solubility coefficients of the solubility
of tellurium trioxide in the solutions of caustic soda and sodium carbonate;
a method for the derivation of tellurium trioxide from the tellurium
elements was established.
Radiation Chemistry
54. Intermediate Products of the Radiolysis of Water
"Concerning the Intermediate Products of the Radiolysis of
Water," by M,, A. Proskurnin and V. A. Sharpatyy, Institute of
Physical Chemistry imeni L. Ya. Karpov; Moscow. Zhurnal,
Fizicheskoy Khimii, Vol 34, No 9, Sep 60, pp 2122128
The transformation of nitrate into nitrite in aqueous solutions
containing conjugated acceptors (A:g. glycerin) was investigated. On the
basis of curves expressing the relation between the radiation yield of
-33 --
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
nitrite and the concentration of nitrate and that between the yield of
the transformation of the acceptor and the concentration of the acceptor,
conclusions are drawn in regard to the manner in which water molecules
are excited and the nature of the action of acceptors. It is assumed
that two types of excited water molecules participate in radiation-
chemical reactions: those which are dissociated and those which are not
dissociated into radicals. Conjugated acceptors promote the separation
of water molecules into radicals. According to V. V. Voyevodskiy, the
action of acceptors is exercised over a distance, being channeled along
hydrogen bonds. In order that this action take place, the excited water
molecule must merely form a link in a chain of molecules at the end of
which conjugated acceptors are located. For that r9ason, the concentration
of acceptors may be very samll (of the order of 10- M). By using acceptors,
the action of excited water molecules can be discerned in some radiation-
chemical reactions.
Radiochemistry
55? Disproportionation of Americium (V)
"Disproportionation of Americium (V)," by A. A. Zaytsev,
V. N. Kosyakov, A. G. Rykov, Yu P. Sobolev, and P. N.
Yakovlev; Leningrad, Radiokhimiyya, Vol 2, No 3, May 60,,
pp 339-347
The kinetics of the disproportionation of Am 02 / in perchloric,
sulfuric, and nitric acids were investigated. The reaction velocity
constants in all solutions in question were determined. In the cases of
perchloric and sulfuric acids, the dependence between the velocity con--
stant of the disproportionation reaction and the hydrogen ion con:;e.ntra-
tion was established. The dependence of the reaction velocity in perchloric
acid on the temperature was determined. The changes in the thermodynamic
values for the activated complex that is formed in perchloric acid were
calculated.
56. Kinetics of the Reduction of Americium (V) With Hydrogen Pei-oxide
"Kinetics of the Reduction of Americium (V) With Hydrogen
Peroxide," by A. A. Zaytsev, V. N. Kosyakov, A. G. Rykov,
Yu. P. Sobolev, and G. N. Yakovlev; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya,
Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 348-350
The kinetics of the reduction of Am 02 / with hydrogen peroxide
in 0.1 M perchloric acid were investigated. The dependence of the
velocity constant of the reaction on the temperature was determined.
- 34 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
The energy of activation of the reaction and the change in the enthalpy
of the activated complex were calculated. The data obtained are of
interest because the radiolytic reduction of Am 02 f in aqueous solutions
is ascribed to a reaction with H2072 formed as a result of the decomposition
of water by the radiation emitted by Am2410
57. Oxalate Complexes of Trivalent Americium
"Investigation of the Formation of Complexes by Am 3 /' With
Oxalate Ions," by I. A. Lebedev, S. V. Pirozhkov, B. M.
Razbitnoy, and G. N. Yakovlev; Leningrad, Radiokhimiya,
Vol 2, No 3, May 60, pp 351-356
The composition of the americium oxalate which separates from solu-
tions in the temperature range of 20-900 was determined by chemical analysis.
It was found that this composition corresponds to the formula km2 (C2204). 9H20.
On the basis of the solubility of americium oxalate in perchloric acid at
50, the solubility. product of this compound was determined and found to be
equal to 2.2 X l0-31. By aasr}}al.yzing the solubility curve, the., existence of
the complex ions Am (C204 )f, Am (C204)2, . and Am ' (C20 ),1 was establislvd. Their
step-wise dissociatio constants were calculated and found to be equal to
5.0 X 10-0,.6.9 X lo--,., and 1.6 X 10-1 for zero ionic strength.
58. Determination of Boundaries Between Petroleum-Bearing and Water-Bearing
atrata by Usink Electron and Photon Beams
"On the Determination of Boundaries Between Petroleum-
Bearing and Water-Bearing Strata by Using Electron and Photon
Beams," by V? I. Gomonay, I. Yu. Krivskiy, N. V. Ryzhkina,
V. Ao Shkoda--Ul2yanov, and A. M. Parlag; Moscow, Atonviaya
Energiya, Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60, pp 313-315
Because water and petroleum contain isotopes with different thresholds
of the (;r, n) reactions, irradiation of water and petroleum with electrons
or photons of a definite energy results in the formation of different
numbers of photoneutrons in these two media. This is illustrated on the
examples of radiationat tt e thresholds of the (y~, n) reaction for
deuterium, C}"', C13, 016, 01 , and 018 under consideration of the content
of these isotopes in water and petroleum. The conclusion is reached
that the boune:xios between petroleum-bearing and water-bearing strata
can be determined by employing electron beams with energies of the order
of 8 mev and higher. To apply the procedure proposed by the authors
on a practical scale, small-dimensioned electron accelerators of a high
intensity will have to be developed.
- 35 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
59. Concentration of Radioactive Cesium in Glauconite Ion-Exchange Columns
"Concentration of Radioactive Cesium by Using Ion-Exchange
Glauconite Columns," by S. Z. Roginekiy, 0. V. AlVtshuler,
M. I. Yanovskiy, Ye. I. Malinina, and A. Yea Morokhovets;
Leningrad, Radiokhimiya, Vol 2, No 4, Aug 60, pp 431-437
A great number of natural and synthetic adsorbents was investigated
from the f~andpoint of their suitability for the adsorption of radioactive
cesium Cs I from solutions containing large quantities of salts other
than those of cesium. Glauconite was found to be the most suitable
adsorbent for this purpose. It was found that cations can be arranged
in the following order so far as their adsorbability on glauconite is
concerned:
Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Nat < La3+ < NHS < K+ < Cs+
It was established that the lower the energy of hydration of the
cation, the greater is the force with which the cation is adsorbed on
the glauconite. In the region of microconcentrations of cesium and
macroconcentrations of other cations, the adsorption of cesium does not
depend on the pu within the range of pH = 2.7-13. By adsorbing Cs on
glauconite and desorbing it with an ammonium carbonate solution, concen-
trates with a high specific activity can be obtained. It was found that
further concentration of the cesium can be carried out in columns filled
with porous inert materials such as carbon, silica gel, etc. that have been
impregnated with the double ferrocyanide of nickel and potassium.
60. Radiochemical Investigation of Ion Exchange on Swelled Exchangers
"Radiochemical Investigation of Ion Exchange on Swelled
Exchangers," by A. M. Trofimov and L. N. Stepanova (Leningrad)
Radium Institute imeni V. G. Khlopin, Academy of Sciences USSR;
Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Vol 34, No 8, Aug 60,
pp 1837-1842
Relationships pertaining to the exchange of ions of various valences
on swelled ion exchangers have been investigated by a radiochemical method.
A relation has been established between the distribution coefficient of
the ions of the radioelement, the specific capacity of the exchanger, and
the specific volume of the latter. This is expressed by the following
equation:
Zi -
a.y ?2 = const
gZl/Z2
-36-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
whore zl and z2 are the valences of the exchanging ions.; On the basis
of this equation, with the aid of two resin specimens of the same
specific capacity but greatly different swelling powers., one can deter-
mine the magnitude of the charge of the radioelemsnt in solution?
61~ Work at Scientific Institutions of the Azer'bayLdzhan SSR on the
Application of Radioactive Isotopes in the Petroleum Industry and
Investigation of Semiconductor Materials
"The Second Azerbaydzhan SSR Conference on the Application
of Radioactive Isotopes and Nuclear Radiation," by A. M.
Mamedov; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9, No 49 Oct 60,
pp, 338-.339
The Second Azerbaydzhan SSR Confere: ?e on the Application of Radio-
active Isotopes and Nuclear Radiation was held at Baku in March 1960.
Thirty-three reports that originated at different, scientific institutions
of the Azerbaydzhan SSR were presented at the conference. Discussion of
these reports demonstrated that progress was made in the fields under
consideration during the time that had elapsed since the first confer-
ence on the subject, which was held in 1957. By using radioactive
isotopes and also sources of gamma and neutron radiation, problems are
being successfully solved that are, involved in the. study of effects
produced by irradiation of seeds before soaring on the growth, develop-
ments and yield of cotton plants; the effects cif prolonged action of
a radioactive source ("factor") on the condition :,f the blood and. some
biochemical indexes; the effect, of phosphorus ; soo topes on the course and
character of aseptic inflammations; the determin.=ttion of the tension of
saturated vapors and the behavior of impurities during the distillation
of semiconductor materials; determination of diffusion coefficients;
determination of the water content of petroleum crudes; study of the
circulation of catalysts applied in industrial processes, investigation
of the protective properties of concrete; etc.
The Azneftegeofizika Trust applies on an a-evenWive scale methods
based on radioactivity in geophysical well logging. Gamma and neutron
methods are used to identify petroleum--beaming and gas?-bearing strata in
the cross-section of wells whenever electrical. methods do not work and also
in the examination of old wells. Radioactive isotopes are being used in
the investigation and exploitation of petroleum deposits,
The Institute of Petrochemical Processes, Academy of Sciences
Azerbaydzhan SSR, has developed methods for the investigation of
transformations of hydrocarbons, the mechanism of the action of additives
to oils, and control of various processes by applying isotopes. By using
tracer atoms, the catalytic cracking of alkyleromatic and paraffinic
hydrocarbons that are typical constituents of petroleum crudes was
investigated. The course of primary and secondary cracking reactions
.- 37 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
was studied? The role of individual parts of molecules and individual
classes of hydrocarbons in the formation of coke deposits on catalysts
was investigated The active part played by the side chain of alkylaro.-
matic hydrocarbons in the formation of coke was established. The data
obtained are of value from the standpoint of the selection of catalysts
for the cracking of different types of petroleum crudes.
By applying tracer atom procedures, the action of the AzNII-7 and
TsIATIM-339 additives to oils was investigated at the Institute of Petro-
chemical Processas. A new device was designed by means of which the
quality and mechanism of the action of oils can be investigated either with
or without tracer atoms. The additives AzNII-7 and TsIATIM-339 were
subjected to comparative evaluation. The kinetics of film formation, the
solubility and stability of additives, their anticorrosion characteristics,
the conditions under which films form, and the participation of individual
components of the additive in the formation of films were studied. Further-
more, a method for determining rapidly and precisely the content of water
in petroleum and a procedure for estimating precisely the velocity of the
circulation of the catalyst in catalytic cracking (by employing a catalyst
sphere containing Co u) were developed.
At the Isotopes Laboratory of the Institute of Physics, Academy of
Sciences Azerbaydzhan SSR, equipment has been designed for measuring the
tension of saturated vapors with a high degree of precision by using
radioactive isotopes. The saturated vapor tensions of thallium sulfide,
thallium selenide, and selenium were determined. It was established that
Tl Seqq decomposes on being evaporated from the solid phase and changes
into T12Se. By using a suitable isotope, experiments were carried out
to establish behavior of some impurities in the vacuum distillation of
selenium It was found that mercury which is present as an impurity
volatilizes together with the selenium in vacuum distillation. By using
Se ..rr the effect of bismuth present as an impurity on the self-diffusion
of selenium was studied. It was found that the energy of activation of
self-diffusion depends on the bismuth content.
62r. Atoms for Peace Conference
CPYRGHT
"Chronicles" (unsigned article): Moscow, Nauka i Zhizn?,
Vol 27, No 6, Jun 60, p 80
"An All-Union conference on the utilization of radioactive isotopes
and nuclear radiation for peaceful purposes was held in Riga. About
600 specialists in the-field of utilization of atomic energy in the national
economy of the country, as well as representatives of national economic
councils, took part in the conference. An exhibition, t"Atoms for the
People," was organized at the Riga Home for Scientific-Technical Propaganda.
Here visitors were able to familiarize themselves with different types of
equipment, instruments, and devices, models of atomic power plants, and
the route of the first voyage of the ?Lenin,?t the atomic icebreaker."
_38-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
III. ELECTRONICS
Communications
63. Multichannel Radio-Relay Systems
"Radio-Relay System R-600," by N. N. ICamenskiy; Moscow,
Elektrosvyaz', No 10, Oct 60, pp 53-61
The radio-relay system R-600 is designed for six high -frequency
wide-band communicationr; trunks with transmission range up to several
thousand kilometers. Each wide-band communication trunk can accommodate
600 telephone channels or one television program. One of the communication
trunks is generally reserved as "hot" redundancy trunk, thus a six-trunk
system is able to handle up to 3,000 telephone channels. However, for
the present, the most probable number of trunks assigned to each R-600
relay system will be three (a telephone, television, and redundancy trunk).
All the intermediate relay points are controlled from the terminal
stations. The total frequency range for all six trunks is 400 Mc; the
six receiving trunks are grouped in one half of the frequency range and
the six transmitting trunks are grouped in the other half of the frequency
range. For better separation of adjacent trunks, a different polarization
is employed. The. system utilizes horn-parabolic antennas with traveling-
wave ratio of about 0.95. The system operates on the frequency-modulation
principle.
64. Recent Soviet Patents in Field of Communications
"Authorship Certificates" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Radiosvyaz', No 10, Oct 60, pp 74
Class 21a1, 3204 No 125811. L. G. Semenov. A Method for Obtaining
Rectangular Vibrations of a Mechanical System.
1
Class 21a , 3220. No 125812. I. K. Malakhov-Kamartan. Device for
Transmitting Two-Color Television Images.
1
Class 21a, 3235. No 125277. B. V. Krusser, V. I. Konchin, and
R. Gaynulina. A Method for Neutralizing Residual Charges on a Super-
Orthicon Target.
Class 21a1, 3412. No 125278. B. I. Rappoport. A Method and Device
for Automatic Regulation of Illumination in a Super-Orthicon Transmitting
Tube.
- 39 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Class 21a3, 631~0. No 125819. S. S. Nedosekov. Low-Frequency AC
Pulse Generator.
Class 21a4, 8b2. No 125585. S. I. Berger and L. M. Gribanov. A
Method for Automatic, Frequency Adjustment.
4
Class 21a , 10. No 125821. P. G. Pozdnyakov. Piezoelectric
Resonator.
Class 21a4, 4869. No 125826. Yu. F. Shuleshov. Fast-Acting High-
Frequency Switch.
Class 21a4, 6602. No 125823. S. I. Tetei'baum. Diffraction Antenna.
Class--21a 69. No 125827. B. A. Kravchenko and V. N. Yakovlev.
Device for Automatic Tuning of Circuits.
Instruments and Equipment
65. New Cesium Frequency Standard Developed
"Model of a Cesium Frequency Standard," by M. Ye.
Zhabotinskiy, L. V. Levkin, Ye. I. Sverchkov, and
V. R. Fetisova; Moscow, Radiotekhnika i Elektronika,
Vol V, No 7, Jul 60, pp 1173-117
A brief description is given of a model of a cesium frequency standard
developed at the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the
Academy of aciences USSR. The apparatus consists of a copper tube with
a diameter of 12 mm and length of 1,200 mm under a high vacuum. To
decrease the effusion of cesium, the source has a narrow slit of long thin
channels of corrugated f6tl-leaves. At the opposite end of the tube is
the beam detector. In the middle of the tube is a thin copper ring
holding.a collimator diaphragm. A U-shaped resonator providing.the
resonance frequency is soldered to sections of the tube.
The sideband level of the resonator is at least 70 db below the
carrier level. This is made possible by the use of a new frequency multi-
,,,plier circuit developed at the institute. This circuit is intended to
decrease the errors introduced by the RF circuit used in the "Atomichron"
device developed; by. the National Company of Malden, Massachusetts. The
spectral. line may be observed by very slowly changing the frequency of the
quartz oscillator with the aid of aa'reactance tube, to the grid of which
is applied a s'awtooth voltage.'..-The signal from the output of the detector
is fed to an oscillograph where the spectral line, having a width of 300
cycles, is fixed on the screen.
-40 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
66. Radioactive Isotopes Applied to Study of Cathode Electronics
"The Application of Radioactive Isotopes to the Study of
ProceseeA in Oxide Cathodes and Other ProbleMs of Cathode
Electronics," by G. N. Shuppe and V. P. Vasil'yev; Moscow,
Radiotekhnika I Elektronika, Vol V,, No 7, Jul 60,
pp 11 5-1144
A description is given of recent studies carried on at the Chair of
Electrophysico of the Central Asiatic University imeni V. I. Lenin and
the Tashkent Electron Tube Plant involving the use of marked atoms for
the study of processes in oxide cathodes and other problems of cathode
electronics. These problems include vaporization of metals, diffusion
of some metals into-others, diffusion of nickel and barium into coatings
of:an?oxide cathode, and distribution of material of a getter flash and
vaporized material of different parts of an electron tube throughout all
of ltd elements, I. e., grids, anode, beam-forming shield, etc. An
autoradiographic method is used to study the distribution of certain ,3ub-
stances in a? tube with an oxide cathode.
It is concluded that a true oxide cathode has. a very complex structure,
including an unequal distribution of barium, porosity of the cathode and
the presence of an "intermediate" layer immediately beneath the base in
which are found atoms,of the admixture and base nickel, a compound of the
oxides of alkali earth metalls,, etc. The role of all of these factors
should be considered in determining the emission properties of the cathode.,
67. Light Modulation at Superhigh Frequencies Shown Possible
"Light Modulation With Superhigh Frequency (1010 (.'ycles),"
by G. S. Simkin, V. P. Naberezhnylth, and I. V. L,.zkin;
Moscow, Izmeritei'naya Tekhnika, No 8, Aug 60, pp 41-43
An account is given of an experiment performed at the Kuar'kov State
Institute of Measurements and Measuring Instruments on the possibility
of modulating light with a frequency of 1010 cyles ( ). s 3 cm) by means
of a Kerr cell filled with nitrobenzene. Two rectangular wave guides,
tapered toward each other and connected to the Kerr cell with flanges,
serve as the basis for the instrument.
The value of the Kerr constant for a modulation frequency of 1;10
cycles was found to be approximately. 3.10-11 seconds, while the modulation
depth was equal to 1% at an oscillator power of 50 kw. Modulation depth
may be increased by the optimum selection of the dimensions and design of
the cell, an increase in the power of the pulse oscillator, and cooling
of the cell, during operation. .
41
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
The authors conclude that the described method of determining; relax-
ation time of nitrobenzene may also be used to determine the relaxation
time of other substances.
68. Bolometer Heads for High-Frequency Power Measurement Described
"Bolometer Heads for Measuring Power at,Frequencies up to
1000 Mc," by V. I. Krzhimovskiy and V. V. ICshimovskiy;
Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 8, Aug 60, pp 38-40
Two types of bolometer heads are described which are used to connect
bolometers to high-frequency channels to measure power. The heads were
designed for use in a standard measuring device having an error on the
order of 1% which was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Metrology imeni D. I. Mendeleyev.
The first is a wide-band bolometer head with one bolometer having a
voltage standing wave ratio of not less than 1.15 v in a frequency range
of 450-1100 Mc. Efficiency of the head at 1000 Mc is approximately 99.7%.
The second is a wide-band symmetrical bolometer head with two bolometers
which divides the input power !.iito two approximately equal parts. The
head has a voltage standing wave ratio of 1.15 v in a range of 30-2000 Mc
and an efficiency of approximately 99.6% at 1000 Mc.
69. Circuits for Indicating 90? Phase Shifts Categorized
"Methods and Apparatus for Accurately Indicating a:90?
Phase Shift," by P. P., Ornatskiy, Yu. A. Skripnik,and
N. F. Suvid; Moscow, Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 8,
Aug 60, pp 24-29
A general classification is made of various devices used to indicate
90? phase shifts, such as compensation phase monitors, electromechanical
phase monitors, devices based on phase-sensitive circuits, and thermo-
electric phase monitors. The app;ications and limitations of each type
of device are discussed. Also mentioned is an automatic rectangular-
coordinate recording compensator ("avtograf"), used to take amplitude-
phase characteristics of automatic control systems operating at very low
frequencies.
- 42 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Materials
70. High-Purity Tellurium for Electronic Use
"Refining of Tellurium by the Zone-Melting Method," by N. F.
Shvartsenau; Moscow, Fizika Tyerdogo Tela, Vol 2, No 5,
1960, pp 870-873
Vacuum distillation is suitable only for preliminary separation of
tellurium from the oxides of heavy metals or highly volatile admixtures.
For further refining of tellurium the zone-melting method should be used.
An experimental zone-melting was carried out in an atmosphere of
hydrogen. A 250-gr sample of tellurium was secured from the Pyshma
electrolytic copper refining plant; the sample was 99% pure. The width
of the fusion zone was maintained at about 3 cm, and the speed of zone
travel was 6 cm per hr. Since the chemical and spectral analysis for
impurities did not provide accurate results, a method of estimating
tellurium purity by electrical resistance at the temperature of, liquid
nitrogen was devised. After a repetition of the zonal melting nine times,
a sample 99.9999% pure was obtained.
The described method of zonal-melting of tellurium is now widely
used at the Institute of Semiconductors of the Academy of Sciences USSR.
11. Electrical Conductivity of Sputtered Germanium Layers
"Electrical Conductivity of Sputtered Germanium Layers,"
by P. P. Konorov and 0. V. Romanov, Leningrad State
University; Leningrad, Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol .2. No 8,
Aug 6o, pp 1869-1873
Preparation of thin germanium layers and investigation of their
properties have a bearing on practical applications such as the production
of p-n Junctions, the development of light ("optical") filters and
bolometers, etc.
The conductivity, structure, and light absorption of thin germanium
layers were studied. These layers were prepared by sputtering germanium
in vacuum onto a glass support from either a tungsten spiral or a quartz
crucible coated with a layer of graphite. All freshly applied layers of
germanium had an amorphous structure. It was found that the energy of
activation of conduction for these layers depended on their thickness and
comprised 0.5 ev for layers with a thickness of the order of 0.05 microns
and about 0.9 ev for layers with a thickness of the orddr of 0.6 microns.
When the layers were heated to a temperature above 1200 C. crystallization
- 43
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
took place. This crystallization was accompanied by oxidation if the
heating was carried out in air. The characteristics of layers sputtered
from tungsten differed from those of the layers sputtered from graphite.
It is assumed that in the first case alloying of germanium with tungsten
takes place. During the crystallization the tungsten separates from
the germanium crystals. Changes in the energy of activation of conduction
which occur in the germanium layers and depend on the heat treatment to
which these layers are subjected correspond to changes in the position of
the edge of the spectrum of light absorption.
79? P-N Junctions in Photosensitive PbS Layers
"On p-n Junctions, in Photosensitive PbS Ii yers," by V. F.
Zolotarev and V. N. Larichev; Leningrad, Fizika Tverdogo
Tela, Vol 2, No 8, Aug 60, pp 1741-1750
The volt-ampere characteristics of PbS layers that were prepared by
chemical precipitation and vacuum sputtering were investigated. The
dependence of the volt-ampere characteristic on the temperature and
illumination of the layers was studied. It was established that there
are p-n junctions in layers sensitized at high temperatures in air.
73. Seignettoelectric Properties of Solid Solutions in Terna
Ba( i, Zr, Sn O3
System
"Seignettoelectric Properties of Solid Solutions in the
Ternary System Ba(Ti,Zr,Sn)03," by M. M. Nekrasov and
Yu. M. Poplavko; Leningrad, Fizika Tverdogo Tela, .Vol 2,
No 8, Aug 60, pp 168i-1684
This investigation deals with problems pertaining to the preparation
ofseignettoelectric ceramics which exhibit a high nonlinearity and a
low dielectric loss. Results obtained with some solid solutions in the
system Ba(Ti,Zr,Sn)03 are reported. For the optimum composition a re-
versible nonlinearity Np - -0.9 cm/kv was obtained and a ratio of
Z max/ S min = 20 at tg 8 0.03 when the intensity of the field is
low and at tg = 0.15 when intensity of the field is high. The
optimun composition was determined and found to correspond to the formula
Ba(Ti0.85'Zr0.11,Sn0.o4)03'
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
74. Bridgman Effect in Bismuth Telluride Crystals
"The Bridgman Effect in Bismuth Telluride Crystals," by
P. I. Baranskiy and S. L. Tomkevich, Institute of Physics,
Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR; Leningrad, Fizika
Tverdogo Tela, Vol 2, No 8, Aug 60, pp 1714-1722
Semiconductor materials exhibiting high values of the differential
thermal EMF and electrical conductivity at low values of the heat
conductivity are best suited for the direct conversion of heat energy into
electric energy and also for the conversion of electric energy to produce
high temperatures or low temperatures in refrigeration. Bismuth telluride
(Bi2Te3) was found to be a semiconductor which satisfies these require-
ments rather well.
Single crystals of bismuth telluride, because they belong to the
hexagonal system, exhibit anisotropy of different characteristics. it
was found that anisotropy of electrical conductivity, the thermal EMF,
and other characteristics is observed not only on Bi2Te3 single crystals.,
but also on polycrystalline samples. When bismuth telluride crystallizes
as a polycrystal, the individual crystals orient themselves with their
slip planes along the direction of the growth of the polycrystalline
sample (this direction coincides with that of the maximum thermal current),
while their crystallographic axes become oriented in a direction perpen-
dicular to that of the growth of the,sample.
The heat evolution (heat'absorption) was, investigated which arises
when a current passes through the volunle?of,polycrystals of bismuth tel-
luride of the p-type in regions that' correspond to transitions from a
direction along slip planes to a direction perpendicular to them (~~ - _?(-)
The linear dependence of this heat evolution on the electric current
made it possible to identify this evolution with the Peltier effect at
(I1 - J_ ) transitions, e.e., with the Bridgman effect. It was established
experimentally that when an external temperature gradient T i:; applied to
parallel-perpendicular transitions, a thermal ENF all - j i;; gen rated
which corresponds to the Bridgman effect mentioned above. It w-Ms also
established that there is a linear dependence between the over-a11 value
of this thermal EMF ( I) = a ) and the temperature ' gradient in the
actual region of E I) -1
-1? T'.
- 45 --
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
75. Adsorption of Some Metal., Ions in Etching and Washing of Silicon
"Adsorption of Some Metal Iona in the Etching and Washing
of Silicon," by V.'S. Sotnikov and A. S. Belanovskiy;
Moscow, Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Vol 9, Sep 60,
pp 2110-211f~
It has been shown that during the etching of silicon in a mixture of
hydr oClouric and nitric acids, adsorption of Cu, Ag, Au, In, and Sb ions
takes place on its surface. The magnitude of the adsorption is 101' - 1017
atoms/cm , when the content of the above elements in the etching bath is
1.10-3 - 1.10-4 %. It has also been shown that as a result of washing
silicc.a with later, adsorption of Cu, AS, P, Fe, Zn, Rb, Na, Sb, In, and
Au ions (1.10 1.10 17 atoms per cm2 silicon surface area) takes place.
Adsorption of Ag and Au is directly proportional to their initial
concentration in the etching bath.
Repeated treatment of silicon with boiling bi-distilled water practi-
cally does not lower the number of adsorbed AS and Au tons on the silicon
surface. The use of complex-forming agents -- potassium cyanide, dithizone,
and methyl cyanide -- leads to a sharp fall in the number of atoms of the
above impurities adsorbed on the silicon surface.
76. Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors in
Electrolyte Solutions.
"Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Semiconductors
in Electrolyte Solutions; Part 3 -- Dissolutions of
Germanium in Contact With Other Metals," 0. G. Deryagina,
Ye. N. Paleolog, and N. D. Tomashov, Institute of
Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow,
Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khlmii, Vol 34+, No 9, Sep 60,
pp 1952-1959
The behavior of germanium in contact with other metals (In, Sn, Cu)
in 1N NaOH solutions containing various amounts of hydrogen peroxide has
been investigated for the first time.
It has been shown that the rate of dissolution of germanium in contact
with the metals is determined by the rate of spontaneous solution and by
the rate of solution due to the current of the germanium-copper couple.
The contribution by spontaneous solution of germanium has been shown to
increase with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration, becoming predomi-
nant in pure hydrogen peroxide. All results were confirmed on actual
diodes.
- 46 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Wave Propagation
77. Wave Propagation in Wave Guides of Complex Shape Studied
"Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Wave Guides
With.Complex Cross Sections Containing a Cross-
Magnetized Ferrite Plate," by N. M. Kovtun, Kharkov
State University imeni A. M. Gor-kiy, Chair of Superhigh-
Frequency Physics; Moscow Radiotekhnika I Elektronika,
Vol V, No 9, Sep 60, pp 1426-1430
The, author examines the propagation of electromagnetic waves in
wave guides-having H-,TT - and L-shaped grpss sections and containing
cross-magnetized ferrite plates. Equations for determining the propagation
constants in such wave guides are derived.
78. Operation of Backward-Wave Tubes With Ridged Delay...Systems Examined
"Experimental Study of Backward-Wave Tubes With Inhomogeneous
Delay Systems," by L. P. Lisovskiy; Moscow, Radiotekhnika i
Elektronika, Vol V, No 9, Sep 60, pp 144p-14T7-
Results are given of a study of the properties of a backward-wave
tube with a delay system in the form of two "combs" or ridged delay
structures, the teeth of which are offset by a half step relative to
each other. The electron beam passes along the slit between the ridges
in the longitudinal focusing field of a solenoid.
Conclusions are that the use of a delay system with Slowly changing
geometric dimensions does not lead .to a substantial change in the
relationship between the frequency of generated oscillationv and voltage
and does not increase the total range of the backward-wave tube. The
trigger current in a tube with an inhomogeneous delay system sharply
increases, particularly in the short-wave region, as the length of the
ridges increases. On the basis of these results it is assumed that the
use of inhomogeneous systems will contribute to the elimination of self-.
excitations of traveling-wave tube amplifiers operating on inverse har-
monics.
-47-.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001-00680001-9
79. Cross No!.ces in Tropospheric Propagation Analyzed
"On the Theory of Cross Distortions in Long-Distance
Tropospheric Propagation of Ultrashort Waves," by
A. V. Prosin; Moscow, Radiotekhnika i Elektronika,
Vol V, No 7, Jul 60, pp 1052-1064
The article examines a method for computing cross noises originating
in multichannel long-distance communication systems with frequency modu-
lation and frequency-division multiplexing due to the interaction of
direct and scattered fields at the paint of reception. Among the con-
clusions reached by the author are:
1. For relatively large delays of the direct component of the field
and the use of highly directive antennas in the communication lines, it
is possible to determine cross noises using a model of two-beam wave
propagation.
2. Cross noise intensity increases with an increase in the direct-
ivity of the transmitting and receiving antennas.
3. The statistical characteristics of a turbulent troposphere
influence the value of cross noises.
4. There is an optimum distance between the transmitter and receiver
at which the value of cross noises will be a minimum.
80. New Directive Couplers for Superhigh-Frequency Lines Described
"Directive Couplers for Surface Waves," by D. I. Mirovitskiy
and G. G. Valeyev; Moscow, Radiotekhnika i Elektronika,
Vol V, No 7, Jul 60, pp 107U10
Results are given of an experimental study of new types of directive
couplers and multichannel wave-guide splitters for super-high frequency
transmission lines based on the principle of directive coupling between
intersecting lines. The experiments were made using dielectric wave
guides of methylmetacryle.te with a cross section of 0.4 ). 0 x 0.92 ? 0'
Studies showed that the energy diverted to the auxiliary tract is
determined generally by the time lags in phase velocities of the surface
waves in the lines, the angle of intersection of the lines, and the
distance between them. The simplicity of design, high directivity
(greater than 45 db) in a wide frequency range, and low level of attenua-
tion at the junctions of the lines indicate the possibility that direc-
tive couplers may find application in the development of various hybrid
and balancing devices, phase inverters, and other superhigh-frequency
elements.
-48-
anitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
IV. ENGINE "RING
Aeronautical Engineering
81. Flight-Information Recording Instrument
"Three-Component Recording Instrument for Altitude, Velocity
of Flight, and Plane Overloading" (unsigned item); Moscow,
Byulleten' Izobreteniy, No 13, Jul 60, p 57
CPYRGHT
Class 42d, 310, No 129842 (643987/26 from 12 Nov 1959)
Post Office Box 828 Enterprise
"A three-component recording instrument for altitude, velocity of
flight, and plane overloading, which contains an altitude sensing element,
for example, in the form of an aneroid box; a velocity of flight sensing
element, for example, in the form of a manometer chamber; and a sensing
element of plane overloading in the form of an elastically suspended
weight. It also contains a registering system, time recorder, tape mecha-
nism with a gear box, stop mechanism, and electric heater. The distin-
guishing feature of this instrument is that, in order to reduce the
weight and size of the recording instrument, the tape mechanism and the
altitude and velocity registering units, mounted on an elastically
suspended platform, are utilized as the elastically suspended weight for
registrating the overloading."
Ajomic Power
82. Gasp-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants
"Analysis of Thermal Efficiency of Gas-Cooled Nuclear
Electric Stations," by L. S. Sterman, V. V. Petukov,
V. P. Protsenko, and A. V. Chikilevskaya, Moscow
Power Engineering Institute; Moscow, Teploenergetika,
No 9, Sep 60, pp 6-L2
Several nuclear power plants with gaseous coolant will be put in
operation during the next few years in the Soviet Union and in certain
of the People's Democracies.
The article gives an analysis of thermal efficiency of gas-cooled
nuclear power plants for several temperatures (340,. 375, and 400?C) of
gas at the Inlet to the steam generator. Cases of thermal cycles with
dual-pressures and one pressure are discussed. The gaseous coolant
considered in this case was carbon dioxide at a pressure of 15 atm.
- 49 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
The purpose of the analysis was to determine the operating parameters
for maximum thermal efficiency with various coolant temperatures at the
outlet of the reactor. Vacuum of 0.05 atm abs was maintained at the
steam condenser. Comparison of a one-pressure cycle with a two-pressure
cycle has shown that the former allows for a higher temperature of the
gas at the outlet of the steam generator.
The relationship between the power consumption for circulating the
gaseous coolant and the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet
to the steam generator i's.formulated in the article.
Computersc;d,nd, Ahtomatic f Control Engineering
I ' 11'll I. 1111 ' ..
83. Study of Nuclear Reactor Performance With Electronic Simulating
Devices
"Simulating the Start-up Processes of Nuclear Reactors With
Electronic Analog Devices," by B. Ya. Kogan; Moscow,
Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR OTN Energetika i Avtomatika,
No , Jul Aug 60, pp 3 -
Electronic simulating devices have found wide application in investi-
gating the dynamics of nuclear power installations, the processes of
reactor poisoning, isotope composition, etc. However, the study of proc-
esses occurring during-the start-up of a nuclear reactor has encountered
some difficulty, primarily because during the reactor start-up, the,
neutron flux and the concentration of nuclei emitting delayed neutrons
may fluctuate in a very wide range; i.e., from 0 to 1010. Since dynamic
ranges for even, the best components of electronic analogs do not exceed
10-p the direct application of electronic analogs to the solution of
reactor start-up equations is limited.
For problems of this type, the method of solution by section with
automatic transfer from one section to another is more accurate than the
method with logarithmic representation of the reactor power.
The author thanks F. Ye. Tranin, V. F. Kondakov, and A. I. Kaz'min
for assistance.
- 50 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
O P . 1-;1rctron:Lc Computers to control Power W.otribut'Lon in Electric
0yutenrc, ---- I
"Certain Possibilities for Application of Computers in Power
Systems," by V. M. S:Ln'kov, Gosplan Institute of Automation,
Ukrainian SSR; Moscow, Elektrichestvo, No 10, Oct 60, pp 7-12
The use of computers to control power flow in electric systems is
very promising; at the present state of electronics development. The
problems that could be solved with the aid of electronic computers are
varied, ouch. as computation of economic-engineering factors, determination
of reactive and active power flow, estimation of static and dynoziic sta-
bility for parallel operation of several turbogenerators, etc.
An experiment conducted in the boiler room at one of the Kiev electric
stations has, shown that the distribution of load mainly on the basis of
nominal steam-producing capacity of the boilers may lead to appreciable
waste of fuel,. For economic distribution of load between the turbogenerators
of an individual station, the following computers may be successfully
utilized: the "Uran" computer designed at the All-Union Scientific
Research Institute of Electrical Power Engineering and the contactless
device Ekran-5 designed at the Gosplan Institute of Automation of the
Ukrainian SSR.
A problem of great interest will be the utilization of computers for
controlling the speedy restoration of normal operating conditions after
emergencies. The All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Complex
Automation is now working on the problem of incorporating into a 1:Lnc;le
electronic computer the functions of regulating, controlling, and
signaling for each boiler-turbine unit.
It is believed that computer devices trill noon be perfected to such
an extent as to alloys the proper distribution of the load among the indi-
vidual units of an electric station and among different power plants of
the same cystem.
Electrical Engineerin
85 . Mobile Electric Power Plants
"Electricity in the Diamond Taiga" (unsigned item);
CPYRGH1occot'r, Elconomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Oct 60
"The Urelyakh diamond mine, located in the vicinity of the taiga tom
Mirnyy, has received plenty" of industrial current. It is no*vr on a new
high-voltage, 250-kilometer electric power line from power-gencritinf~'
trains. These mobile electric stations on rail-wheels were delivered via
water routes on special barges and were installed on the shore at the
settlement Multhtuya..
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
CPYRGHT
"This will permit tripling the power supply to local mines, factories,
and equipment, which in turn will result in a further increase of diamond
mining."
86. World's Two Largest Thermal Power Plants in Planning Stage
"Equivalent of7 Four Dnepr Hydroelectric Power Plants on
the Moscow Sea," by I. Tsyganov; Moscow, Izvestiya,
25 Oct 60
The world' a two largest thermal state regional power plants will be
built in the USSR, one at the town of Konakovo near the boundary between
Moskovskaya and Kalininskaya oblasts and the'other at the settlement of
Yermak (just south of Pavlodar) on the Irtysh River.
The state regional electric power plant at Konakovo will have
180-meter stacks, which will be seen from a distance of 60 kilometers.
According to the chief engineer of the Konakovo project, Semen S.
Rakita, this station will be the largest in the world with an initial
installed capacity of 2.8 million kw. The 800,000-kw-capacity turbines
will be installed at the Konakovo plant. Huge boilers for these generators
will produce 2,500 tons of steam per hour.
An exact replica of the Konakovo plant at one-fiftieth scale, will
be built now at Moscow for training of future operating personnel. The
Konakovo plant will operate on cheap gaseous fuel. The plant will supply
power to Moscow, Leningrad, and the new Cherepovetsk metallurgical region.
The Yermak thermal plant will produce its first current in 1963,
supplying power to Northern Kazakhstan, including the aluminum plant.
The Yermak plant will burn cheap coal from the Ekibas-Tuz fields.
The problem of automation and mechanization of these power plants
was entrusted to the Kiev branch, of the "Teploelektoproyekt" Institute.
Mechanical Engineering
87. Gyroscope for Inertial Guidance Systems
"Gyroscope for Inertial Guidance Systems," by V. N.
Timoshchenko; Moscow, Byulleten' Izobreteniy, No 15,
Aug 60, p 55
Description is given of a patent by V. N. Timoshchenko, Class 42c,
2550, No 130686 (62.527/26 from 9 April 1959)
- 52 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 ~a"lTApproved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
"1. An inertial-uyutem gyroscope with floating-sensing element,
the r.tator of which Is fed with current passing through the flu:Lcl.
Peculiarity of this device is a clearance-free suspension of the rotor,
the ball ben,ri.nrs of which are subjected to constant pressure of the
fluid through the hemispheres of the stator casing In order to eliminate
unbalancing of the rotor clue to uneven wear of the ball bearings.
"2. Gyroscope as In paragraph 1, but differs In that electromagnets
are used to center the suspension of the internal gimbal ring in the
flu:Lcl. These electromagnets are fixed on the housing and are situated
di.nmetrically on the three axes to hold the sensing element in a central
position with respect to the stabilization axis.
""3. Gyroscope as in paragraphs 1 and 2, but differs in that the
gyroscope housing rotates about -the axis of the rotor's rotation so as
to eliminate the detrimental effect on the rotor of the external forces
caused by nonsymmetry of the construction. This can be achieved, for
instance, by means of a DID-0.5 motor."
ee. Conference Held to Discuss Earthquake-Proof Construction
"All-Union Conference on Earthquake-Proof Construction"
(unsigned article); Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
CPYRGHT7 Oct 60, p !i?
"The Academy of Construction and Architecture USSR, the Institute of
Construction of the Academy of Sciences, Georgian SSR, and -the Scientific-
Technical Society of the Construction Industry held an all-union confer-
ence to discuss problems of decreasing construction costs in regions
subject to seismic activity. The participants discussed in detail the
fundamental aspects of a re-examination of active norms and specifications
of earthquake-proof construction in connection with the introduction of
new industrial methods of erecting buildings. The conference also
recognized the necessity of further clarifying the method of calculating
earthquake-proof structures."
-53-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
V. MATIll';MATICS
Approximation Theory
09. Logarithms of Algebraic Numbers Approximated
"Concerning the Approximation of the Logarithms of Algebraic
Numbers by Algebraic Numbers," by N. I. Pel'dman; Moscow,
Izvcsti a Akademii Nauk S$S Seri-va Mttematicheska a Vol 24,
No 1E, Jul Aug 60, pp 1175-1192
A new estimate is derived for the expression P(ln a) 1, where a is
an algebraic number and P(z)*O is a polynomial with whole number coeffi-
cients. Also considered is the more general problem concerning an estimate
from below of the sum Jln al -eil + ... +lln % - Eml where: aj, ... ,
a , E1 ... ,Em are algebraic numbers.
Differential Equations
90. Dirichlet Problems Compared
"Concerning the Connection Between Generalized and Classical
Solutions of a Dirichlet Problem," by V. A. Il'in and I. A.
Shishmarev; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Mat-
ematicheskaya, Vol 24, No 1E, Jul Aug 60, pp 521-530
In the present work it is proved that the classical and generalized
(in the sense of yielding the minimum of the Dirichlet integral) solutions
of the Dirichlet problem
Lu - -f (in a region g)
ulr=. 0,
where L is a self-conjugate elliptic operator, coincide in an arbitrary
N-dimensional normal region of g.
-54--
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
91. Properrttie of Solutions of- Systems of Nonlinear Differential E uationu
"On Certain Properties of the Solutions of Systems of Nonlinear
Differential Equations With Slowly Varying Parameters," by 0. B.
Lykova; Kiev, tfcrainskiy Matematicheskiy hurna1i Vol 12, No 3,
Aug 60, pp 267-278
In a previous paper the author proposed an algorithm for finding an
approximate (with precision up to a magnitude of order e) two-parameter
family of special solutions of the system
LlX X(T,x) e X (T ) x, e),
1
where x, X, X* are n-dimensional vectors, T
(L is a finite number)..
(1)
met is slow time, T e [ .O,L]
In this paper the existence and uniqueness of a corresponding exact
two-parameter family of solutions of system (1) is proved; the difference
between the exact family of solutions and its mth approximation is shown
to be of the order af'em; the property of attraction to the found approxi-
mate family of solutions is established for any solutions of system (1)
having initial values which belong to the region of definition of the exact
two-parameter family of solutions of system (1).
92. Properties of Boundary Problems of. Linear Elliptical System of Dif-
ferential Equations
"On Solutions of a Linear Elliptical System of Differential
Equations With a Discontinuous 1?l,ee Term," by S. P. Gavyelya;
Kiev, Ukrainskiy MMatematicheskiy ZhurnalL Vol 12, No 3, Aug 60,
pp 235.22 2
The author considers a nonhomogeneous linear elliptical system of
differential equations with smooth coefficients in the left part, but with
an isolated point particularity of arbitrary (finite) order in the free
term., The fundamental matrix, the existence of which is assumed, is modi-.
fied in such a way that at the corresponding point, zero of the required
order is formed. As a result, the formula defining a certain partial
solution of a nonhomogeneous system known for a-smooth (or limited discon-,
tinuous) tern is extended to the case under discussion. Conclusions are
drawn as to the statement and certain properties (generalized) of boundary
problem solutions for such systems.
-55--
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
93. Boundary Problems of Ell. jEticul Dif ferentiul Equations Solved Numcr-
i cu 7y -_-
"On u New Method of Numerical Solution of Boundary Problems for
Elliptical Differential Equations," G. N. Polozhif; Kiev, Ukrain-
skiy Mitematicheskiy Zhurnml, Vol 1.2, No 3, Aug 60, pp 308-?323
The author proposes an effective method of solving boundary problems
for equations with partial finite differences corresponding to the two-
dimensional and three-dimensional problems of mathematical physics. The
essence of the method consists in finding solutions in explicit form or
in the form of formulas with a small number of parameters determined from
a corresponding small number of algebraic equations. For partial differen-
tial equations of the second order with constant coefficients, this is
attained in the two-dimensional case; and in the three-dimensional case
it is attained by means of formulas established by the author.
94. Inhomogeneous Equations of .hnfinite Order in Generalized Derivatives
"Concerning Inhomogeneous Equations of Infinite Order in Ggnera-
lized Derivatives," by Yu. N. Frolov, Theory of Numbers Chair,
Moscow University; Moscow, Vestnik _Moskovskoooo~Universiteta,
Seriya 1, Matema.tika, Mekhanika, No )+, .~'u1JAug 60, PP 3?-1.3
00 k
Let f. (z j 1t o ak z, ak - 0 (k 0, 1, 2, ... ,)
be an entire function of order P and type "V # 0, oo, satisfying the condi.
tion that there exists the limit
1im k l/P,
lc Wit
-~oo? The equation
Mk F) k '- c
is considered, where
n 00
D F s
k E
-n
(Qfp )l/p .
(1)
bk a zk-n for Fr Z) -9o bkzk
and the characteristic function (t) - C-0 cktk is an entire function
of order p and type a-,. ? (z) is a regular function within some circle.
In the work it is proved that (3.) there exists a solution of equation
(1); (ii) if $ (z) is an entire function there exists a solution which is
an entire function; (iii) if 0 (z) is an entire function of order p o C- p4J
there exists a solution which is an entire function of order < ,Po"
-56-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
95. Systems of Linear Differential Equations Investigated
"Concerning the Solution and the Characteristic Exponents of
the Solutions of Certain Systems of Linear Differential Equations
Having Periodic Coefficients," by K. G. Valeyev; Moscow, Prik-
ladnaya Matematika i Mekhanika, Vol 24, Jul/Aug 60, pp 58
A method is presented for the solution of certain systems of linear
differential equations having periodic coefficients with the help of a
Laplace transformation. The results obtained are employed for the finding
of the characteristic exponents of the solutions for systems close to the
stationary.,
A criterion is given for the stability of the solutions of an equation
of the second order having periodic coefficients in the case of resonance.
Numerical Analysis
96. Finite Differences of High Order
"Concerning Finite Differences of High Orders of Continuous
Functions," by A. A. Konyushkov; Moscow,'Izvesti Akademii
Nauk SSSR Seriya Matematicheskaya, Vol 2- No , Jul Aug 0
pp 549-566
The behavior of the ratia At f (x) and of the ,
k f(x) k g(x) C
pair of ratios t (k;z~;?l) for the functions f and the pairs
p (t) (t)
[f, g], forming certain residue sets respectively in the space of continuous
functions and in the square of that space, are investigated. The theorems
obtained do not have exact analogs for k=1; in this case several weaker
assertions hold.
The set M of the space P is called a residue in the space P if the
complement 1\$ is a set of the first category in P.
- 57 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
97. Fourier Series of Almost-Periodic Functions
"Concerning the Susuability of Fourier Series of Almost-Periodic
Functions," by Ye. A. Bredikhina, Kuybyshev Aviation institute;
Kazan', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Matematika, No 5,
Sep/Oct 60, pp 33-39
Several Iiheorems are generalized in the present work relative to the
summability of the Fourier series of continuous 21T-per-iodic functions to
uniform almost-continuous functions, the Fourier exponents of which do not
have finite limit points.
Probability
98. Coordinate-Homogeneity for Continuous Markov Processes
"Criteria for Coordinate-Homogeneity for Continuous Markov Proc-
esses," by I. Ya. Cherkasov; Moscow, Teoriya Veroyatnostey i yeye
Primeneniya, Vol 5, No 2, May 60, pp 229-237
A Markov process with an infinitesimal operator
A~.~.. Ai (t, x) is + Bij(t,
x) 2
aX axe
where x = xl) .?, x n ) is a point in the Riemannian space V. with a
metric gij(t, x) is considered.
The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the
transformation
i'
x
. xi(t, xl, ..., xn)
which transforms the operator (*) into the well-known operator
At Bl J (t) 2
t ax~~-r-a x-J-~
are given.
At the end of the paper an example is given from statistics, in which
these conditions are applied for establishing the density of the probabilities
f(t, x, "F,g) of a certain Markov process.
- 58 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
99. Strong Markov Proccuoca
"On the T.i'inition of a Strong Murkov Process," by A. A. Yuchke-
vich; Moscow, Tcoriya Vcroyatnostey i Yeyc Primeneniya, Vol 5,
No 2, may 60, pp 237-243
The two definitions for strong Markov processes given in Ye. B. Dynkinc,'f
"Strong Heterogeneous Markov Processes," DAN SSSR, Vol 2, 1957, pp 261-263,
are proved equivalent.
100. Permutation of Series
"Concerning Series, Universal With Respect to Permutations," by
A. A. Talalyan, Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Academy
of Sciences Armenian SSR, Yerevansk State University; Moscow,
Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Matematicheska a Vol 24,
No E, Jul Aug 60, pp 567-604
00 For any basis ((Pn(-N)) of the L [0, 1] space the existence of a series
_1an n (x) is proved which possesPes the following property: for any
measurable function f(x) the terms of the series may be placed such that
the obtained series converges to f(x).
Miscellaneous
101.. International Symposium on Mathematics To Be Held in Berlin
Berlin, Berliner Zeitung, 26 Sep 60
According to Prof Dr Reichardt, head of the mathematics classes of
the Humboldt University, Berlin, an international symposium on mathematics
will be held during the anniversary celebrations of the Humboldt University
and of the Charite. Among the participants in the symposium will be Prof
Dr Alexandrov from the Soviet Union, a distinguished American mathematician,
and leading mathematicians from Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Britain, Prance,
Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia, Norway, Austria, Poland, Hungary, West Germany,
and West Berlin.
- 59 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Releas?I:.CIAP 2-00141 R0001 00680001-9
Behavioral Science
lug. Cybernetics Applied in Medicine
Vo ros Kibernetiki v Biolo ii i Meditsine (Problems of
Cybernetics in'Biology and Medicine)) by' V. D. Moiseyev,
Medgiz; Moscow, 1960, 302 pp
The following introductory note briefly described the contents of
this book:
CPYRGI
"Several theoretical and practical problems of cybernetics which are
especially important with regard to biology and medicine are examined in
popular form in this book.
"The first chapter is devoted to automatic computers as computation-
decision-making automats with self-organizing processes, which serve as
a basis for making analogies between modern automats and living organisms
and which permit relatively broad modeling of biological processes with
physical imitators.
"The second chapter is devoted to fundamental concepts of cybernetics
itself and to the practical application of its achievements in the fields
of biology and medicine, i.e., for the creation of certain analogs which
model biological processes and the activity of separate organs of the
living organism, for designing apparatuses which replace certain capacities
lost by a human, etc.
"In the third chapter, concrete examples of the use of automatic com-
puters in clinical medicine are examined, for example: for diagnosing
diseases, analyzing electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms, etc.
"The book is intended for a wide circle of biologists; physiologists,
psychologists, neuropathologists, psychiatrists, and physicians in dif-
ferent specialties."
A lengthy foreword by N. A. Bernshteyn, Doctor of Medical Sciences
and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, is
entitled "Historical Sources of Cybernetics and Prospects for Its Use
in Medicine."%, Bernshteyn traces the development of cybernetics from the
ideas of Descartes and Borelli in the 18th Century, through the progress
of neurophysiology in the 19th Century, to the more complex combinations
of analogy with physiological processes in the 20th Century..
-.60-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
In a message which follows the foreword, the author reiterates and
expands the purpose stated in the introductory' ote' and extends his
thanks to N. A. Bernahteyn and F. V. Bassin for their assistance on
special problems of biology and medicine.
CPYRGI table of contents follows-,
Historical Sources of Cybernetics and Prospects for
Its Use in Biology and Medicine (Foreword)
Chapter I. The Automatic Computer as a Computation-
Decision-Making Automat With Self-Organ-
izing Processes
1. Basic Characteristics of Automatic Computers
and Living organisms
2. Mathematical Representation of Magnitudes in
Automatic Computers
3. The Electrical Code of Binary Numbers
4. Memory Units
5. Fundamental Logic Connections and Their
accomplishment With Elementary Electrical
Circuits
6. The Accomplishment of Complex Logic Con-
nections With Combined Electrical Circuits
7. Calculation, Recording of Magnitudes and the
Formation of Numerical Pulses in Automatic
Computers
8. Synchronization and Automatization of Internal
Processes in Automatic Computers
9. Mathematical Wcrk Up of Problems and Their
Solution With an Automatic Computer
10. Programming of Problems and the Use of Pro-
grams in the Self-Organization of Internal
Processes of Automatic Computers
11. The Formulation of Commands, Their Coding,
and the Automatic Change cf The Initial
Programs
12, The Input of Information Into an Automatic
Computer and the Output of the Results of
Its Processing
Page
25
29
29
44
50
53
6o
75
82
91
98
116
R000100680001-9
 CPISCC Ted - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
13. The use of Programs and Self-Organizing
Processes for the Control of Artificial "Animals"
page
and "Educated" automats
133
Chapter II. Cybernetics and Automatic Computers in
Biology and Medicine
147
14. Basic Concepts of Cybernetics
147
15. Mechanisms of Feedback in the Modern
Technology of Automatic Regulation
157
16. Feedback Mechanisms in Living Organisms
17Q
17. Basic Concepts of Modeling Physical and
Biological processes
192
18. Certain Analogs Which Imitate Biological
Processes and the Activity of Different
Organs of the Living Organism
206
19. The Use of Digital Computers With Program
Control for Modeling the Brain and Central
Nervous System
214
20. Information Theory and Biology
238
21. The Use of the Achievements of Cybernetics
for Building Apparatuses to Replace Lost
Human Capacity for Certain Perceptions and
Actions
252
22. Problems of Cybernetics in the Field of the
Study of Biocurrents of the Brain
261
Chapter III. Automatic Computers in Clinical Medicine
264
23. Automatic Computers -- Great Progress in
Medical Instrument Construction
24. The Role of the Physician and the Automatic
Computer in Clinical Medicine
25. Certain Practical Examples of the Use of
Automatic Computers for the Diagnosis of
Diseases
26. Prospects for Practical Application of
Automatic Computers in Clinical Medicine
for the Diagnosis of Diseases
264
270
273
281
Literature sources 297
- 62 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
103. Book on Cybernetics Reviewed
"Voprosy Kibernetiki V Biologii i Meditsine (Problems of
Cybernetics in Biology and Medicine. D. Moiseyev,
reviewed by A. D. V'os.lsxesensk:iy; Moscow, Sovetskaya
Zdravookhraneniye, Vol 1.9, No 9, Sep 60' pp 8-8
After a detailed review in which he criticizes various shortcomings
in Moiseyev's book, A. D. Voskresenskiy points out that the book contains
must information which will be of use to biologists and physicians. He
considers'. the parts of the, second and third chapters devoted to modeling
of neuron networks, the role of feedback in the organism, and the practical
use of automatic computers for analysis of electrocardiograms and electro-
encephalograms particularly interesting. The reviewer specifically dis-,
agrees with the author?s final conclusion t'-.at "in a very general case the
machine will be universal and will determine any disease from every con-
ceivable field of clinical medicine." The reviewer states that a basic
knowledge of cybernetics and automation is not necessary to doubt the
extreme optimism of this point, because at present it is possible to
construct symptom complex tables for precise diagnosis of only a few dis-
eases. The value of the diagnostic machine, in his opinion, is difficult
to assess in the case of atypi al forms of disease.
The major criticism of the book seems to be the author?s failure to
include concrete instances to support such statements as "many medical
workers have experiemnted.with the use of cybernetic methods in clinical
medicine," which, in the reviewer?s opinion, discredits to some extent the
reported achievements in this field.
104. Physical Culture to Aid in Training New Soviet Man
"The Eighth Plenum of the Central Committee of the VLKSM"
(Vsesoyuznyy Lenlnskiy Kommun;.sticheskiy Soyuz Molodezhi;
All-Union Lenin's Yourg Communist League) (unsigned article);
sc w, Teor.tyra j Prakt:Yk,,9, Fiz;icheskoy KulAturv, Vol 23,
No 10, 1960, pp 721-724
The eighth plenum of the Central Committee of the 1II M decided to
sponsor more social, cultural,, and athletic organizations and to make
each one of them a "beehive" of activity. All these organizations are
expected to help in preparing the youth of the Soviet Union for life in
a Communist Society.
This decision was inspired by the fact that the Soviet Union has made
considerable progress in agriculture and has. expanded heavy industry.
The country has moved ahead in science and technology and all main, indi-
cators show that the general economic condition of the country improved
considerably during the past 1 1/2 years.
.-'63
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Abolition of .all taxes by the Supreme Soviet USSR and transition to
a 7- and 6.- hour day is expected to increase labor productivity. All this
is expected to be accomplished without a decrease in take-home pay?
In his speech before the &I-1--union conference of teach;:rs, N. S.
Khrushchev stated" "Our aim is twofold -., to establish P. material and
technical base for Communism, and to train a new man. Both aims are part
and parcel of a single process. If we fall behind in the education and
training of the Soviet people., then the entire effort of building Com-
munism will inevitably be retarded."
CPYRGH
105. Reorganization of Education in USSR
"Psychology ?-- in the Service of Communist Education," (unsigned
article); Moscow, Voprosy Psikhologii; Moscow, No 4, Jul/Aug 6o,
pp 3-8
This article states that the All-,Russian Congress of Teachers dddieei
banded on July 1960 after discussing in detail what preliminary action
should be taken before the Soviet educational system is reorganized. This
congress was called in response to resolutions of the 21st Congress of the
CPSU and proposals advanced by the Central CommittteCCPSU,y the Council of
Ministers USSR, and the law requiring the promotion of a stronger bond be-
tween schools and life.
The First Secretary of the Cntral Committee CPSU and chairman of the
Council, of Ministers USSR, N. S. Khrushchev, spoke at one of the meetings.
He amplified in his address Lenin's principle that education must be linked
with work. we are resolving at present two historical problems," IQartish-
c ev Said. ess two problems are the establishment of a material and
Ttechnical b . on which to build Communism, and the education of the new
man. Both p'-se problems actually are part of a single process. If we
fall behind I; r. the education and indoctrination of Soviet people, then the
entire effo directed toward the building of Communism will inevitably
be delayed. is is why, in formulating the program for increased Com-,
munist cons traction., the party and the government have directed their
attention toward strengthening the bond between school, aid life and :Lm,-
proving pub.i education."
"The S v .et system of education must be geared to the needs of a Com~-
munist soci t , The Soviet school, is called on to offer Soviet youth a
general and a scientific and technical education, and to contribute to
their indoc r nation in the spirit of socialist patriotism, proletarian
CPYRGHT
- 64 --
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
CPYRGHT
.Lnternationaiism,i'riendship among nations, and profound love for work and
participation in social activities. The general aim of Soviet education
is to develop a generation of courageous, strong, cheerful, ideologically
hardy people with deep convictions in the ultimate victory of the great
cause."
To impart knowledge is only one function of the school and teacher,
the article continues. To be cure, it is of paramount importance. But
knowledge alone is not enough. The Soviet school must graduate enlightened
members of the Communist society who have a Communist view of proper con-,
duct and behavior.
The education of the new man and the formation of a material and tech...
nical base on which Communism can be built requires a new psychological
theory, a theory of the development of a well-rounded, well-developed
pers. ~;iclity.
The Communist Party and the government of the Soviet Union are making
great demands of pedagogical science in general and of psychology in
particular. This reliance on the science of psychology becomes even
greater as the country moves forward on the road to Communism.
The solution of the essential. problems of the reorganization of edu-
cation in the Soviet Union will. elevate psychology to the position of an
important basic science?
The article says that shortly before the All.-Russian Congress of
Teachers, the Bureau for the RSFSR of the Central Committee CPSU examined
the activity of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences RSFSR; a report by
I. A. Kairova, president of the Academy, was heard, and a special reso-
ti
l
u
on of the bureau and the Council of Ministers RSFSR was aar\n1-r_.A
Institutions." It was noted in tth.is resolution that "the~Academy of
Pedagogical Sciences .tas recently improved its work somewhat."
CPYRGHT
._ 65 --
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
("ardio-VancuJ.ar Diseases
106. Therapy of Hypercenssion
? CPYRGHT
"Effect of T:.iph:u on Arterial Pres ,ure," by R. 1. Mangushev,
Tr. Orenburg. 0b1. Otd. Vseros. Nauchn. 0-va Tera evtov (Works
of thie Orenburgslcu,ya Oblast Branch of the All-Union Society c.i'
Therapeutists), 1959, No 1, 55-61 (from Referativn y Zhurna].
Biologiya, No 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract No _'[90)b.)
"The effect of thipken on arterial, pressure was studied in 154 patients
suffering from different diseases of the car io-vascular syjtem. The
subcutaneous administration of th!he' reduced arterial pressure within
15-30 minutes, occasionally wt-ttn 1-2 hours after the injection (by 50-60
millimeters of the mercury colimm in hypertension). The duration of the
effectiveness of the drug was 2??3 hours, occasionally 6 hours. A re-
peated administration of thiphen produced a considerable reduction or
arterial pressure. The reduction in arterial pressure and the cessation
of stenocardia attacks do not always coincide."
107. Therapy of Atherosclerosis
"On the Problem of the Therapy of. Atherosclerosis," by V. IT.
Gorbachev, Chair of Hospital Therapy, Minsk Medical Insti-
tute; Minsk, Zdravooklhraneniye Belorussia, Vol 6, No 8, Aug 60,
pp 14-18
For therapeutic purposes 83 patients suffering from atherosclerosis
were divided into three groups. Group 1 was administered sunflower oil
in doses of 60 grams in 24 hours, in three to four administrations; the
patients of the second group were given pyridoxine in a dose of 50 milli-
grams in 24 hours; the third group of patients was administered a 5 percent
solution of iodine. Observat?ons established that the best therapeutic
results were obtained by the administration of sunflower oil : modifications
in the cholesterine content, in the relation between lecithin and choles-
terine, lipoproteins, a-lburins, and beta- and gamma- globulins were noted.
The administration of pyridoxine produced. results similar to that produced
by sunflower oil. Iodine was found to be the least effective of the
three preparations used.
- 66 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
108. Atheronclerog 3
"Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis," by Z. I,einis, D?, Zoulek,
J. Mectan, K. Soukupova, J. Hrabane, and J. Konrad, Casop.
Lek. Cesk. (Czechoslovakia), 1960, 7-8, 231-2110 (from
McLLtsisltiy Rei'erat~,~m Zhurnal, Sect on 1, Vol 11, No 8,
-Aug Abstract No 19 9,, by L. 1. Gnesin)
"A comparative study of the age, '4It`'i `tit, cholesterinemia, phospho-
lipidemia, general lipcmi..;, ',load content of alpha-, and beta-lipoproteins,
character, occupation,, anal. sanitary living conditions of a group of Czech
peasants living in twc villages and a group of Koreans and Vietnamese
was conducted. Some 222 clinically healthy persons (121 males and 121
females) in the ages of 20-79 were investigated in Czechoslovakia. A
total of 108 persons (61 males and 47 females) were investigated in the
areas of Chongjin. (Korea) and Haiphong (Vietnam). Considerably smaller
quantities of cholesterine, lipids, and phospholipids were found in the
blood of the inhabitants of the Far East than in the blood of Czech
peasants. The .inhabitants of the Far East consume 400-700 grams of
rice, 50-100 grams of fish! 10?-15 grams of vegetable oil (peanut), and
250-500 grams of vegetables a day; almost no animal fats are consumed,
while milk and dairy products are seldom eaten. Sanitary-hygienic con-
ditions are at a lc.w level in, the Far East. Atherosclerosis is rarely a
cause of death emong the yeople of the Far. East, while about 200 persons
per 100,00 in Czechosicvelria in the ages of 55.64 die from atherosclerosis.
About 1.10 grams cf fate a day are consumed in Czechoslovakia. The mortality
rate from atherosclerosis is particularly high in the US, where more than
Coo persons per 100,000 die from the disease. The daily consumption of
fats in the US is about 1110-150 grams a day.. The lowest mortality rate
from atherosclerosis is found In Japan (about 50 persons per 100,000 of
the same age groups as above); a.oit 20 grams of fats a day arc consumed
in this count.ry..
109. Nutrition and At?heros2lerosis
"Nutrition. as an. Epidemiological. Factor in Atheroscleros.i,s,"
Z. Rei nis. D. Zoulek, J. M;:stan., T. Konrad, and. J. Hrabane,
Ceskosl. Gastrc-err.ter.jam?, (C' echos.lovalc.la), 1.960, 3, 213-216
kfrcm Meditsin.sk.iy Eefer; ti.vnyy Zhurnal, Section 1, Vol 4,
CPYRGHTNov 8, Aug 6o, .Ahst,r. acr. No 11991 by L. T. Gnesin)
"Investigations of the epidemiology of atherosclerosis in, the people
of the Far East (K:;rea, and Vietnam) were conducted. A definite relation-
ship between the compvsitlcn of the food consumed and the development of
atherosclerosis ?c,ras established. The lipid level in the blood. of the
people of the Far East eras found. to be considerably lower than that in
the blood of the people of Czechoslovakia. Wh_.le mox+Ki.ity from
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
CPYRGHT
atherosclerosis in Czechoslovakia was as high as 25 percent of all
mortality cases, in the Far East it was a minimal figure. Thrombo-
embolism was rarely enco'.intared in the Far East. The data obtained
in the investigations coincided with those of Kiys who held that the
consumption of fats is the main etiopathogenic factor in the develop-
ment of atherosclerosis. In Czechoslovakia, fats make up about 35
percent of the food calories, while in Korea and Vietnam, about 10
percent. In addition, the food rations in Korea and Vietnam contain
little sugar, while in Czechoslovakia the rate of sugar consumption
is considerably higher. With the conclusion that nutrition is an
important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the authors
points out that occupation, living conditions, bioclimatic conditions,
etc. are contributing factors to the development of the disease.
Observations of a group of native Far East students who have been
studying for 2 years in Czechoslovakia established that their bio-
chemical blood index began to approach those of the native-population
of Czechoslovakia."
Epi demi ology
110. Achievements in Control of Cora] sous Diseases in Rumania
"Sixteen Years of Great Success in Combating Contagious
Diseases in Rumania" (unsigned article); Microbiologiia,
Parazitolo iia, idemiclo ia, Bucharest, Vol 5, No 4,
fJul Aug 1960, pp 289-290 _.
Increased medical personnel., scientific research, available medicines,
and party and government interest have solved most of the problems of
contagious diseases in Riunania. Moreover, the morbidity of such
widespread diseases as tuberculosis and syphilis has been reduced greatly.
Malaria has dropped from 210,000 cases in 1948 to a frt,? hundred
cases in 1958, the disease is now disappearing. Rumania is considered
a model in antimalarial organization.
Typhus has dropped 99.,E percent compared with 1948 and is now on
its way out. Typhoid fever has dropped 77.6 percent compared with 1945,
and the present morbidity in Rumania is among the lowest in Europe. The
morbidity of diphtheria is continually dropping and now stands at 44 per-
cent.less than 1948. Relapsing fever has been eliminated.
Mortalities from contagious diseases dropped 80 percent between 1944
and 1955. T;rphus fever, formerly fatal in 20-50 percent of the cases,
is now broken in 48.72 hou.'+.rs, and fatalities have dropped to zero. Prior
to 1950, the mortality rate from typhoid fever was 14 percent; it is now
1-2 percent.
-68.-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
The diminution of cont.ragtouo d.i.soaaaaec; has contributed to low,ar
general and infant mortality, General mortality, which stuycd at the
high level of 20 percent In the past, fell to 8.7 percent in 1958, th,?s
putting Rumania in a class with France, West Germany, Belgium. Italy,
etc. Infant mortality has fallen from 17.18 percent to 6.9.
Geri. a*r:L cs
111. Effect of Novocain on ink Orr~sm
"Investigation of Age Biology. V1. Experimental Investigation
of the Mechanism of the Action of the Hydrochloride of p-
Aminobenzoate of Diethyl.a.minoethanol in Aging Rats," by C. 1.
Parhon, S. Oeriu, I. Tanase, M. ~aliano-Serban, and S. Saceanu,
Studii si Cercetari Biochim. Acad, RPR (Rumania), 1959, 2,
No 3, 237.N243 ' from Raferativnyy Zhjxnal -- Khiniiya, Biolo ..
lcheska a Khi.mi ya, No 31., 10 June 60, Abstract No 160 04 , by
CPYRGHTthauthors)
"Following the intramuscular administration of novocaine in quantities
of 5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for a period of 30 days it was
found that the concentration of thioaminoacid.a and oxidized glutathione
in the blood serum remained at a ncrmal level. Novocain increased the
methionine content in spleen tissue and the q,steine content in the liver
and kidneys. In the opinion of the authors, some of the properties of
novocain are due to the presence of paraaminobenzoic acid which is freed
by hydrolysis. See Report V in Re.ferativnyy Zhurnal Khimiya -- Biolo..
gicheskaya Khimiya, No .3. 3561."r ~ "~
Ilamatology
112,. Role of Hypoxia in Res-iration and Gl col' sis
"The Questionof the Role of Hypoxia in the Mechanism of
Blood Regeneration," by B. V. Aretinskiy, Tr. Sverdl.
Med. In-ta, No 21, 1958, pp 75-81; (from Referativnyy
Zhurnal -- Biol, No 9, 10 May 60, Abstract No 41092,
CPYRGH L. S. Rotfel l d)
"Studies in which the Warburg method was used were conducted on the
changes in respiration and in glycolysis which occurred in the bone
marrow, spleen, liver, and the diaphragm muscle of normal and anemic
rabbits maintained for 8-10 hours in a high-.oxyen-containing chamber.
Some rabbits were made anemic by acute blood letting or by a single
-69_
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 CPYRGHT
San s at I1 pvLe
.2qC5O Rat 1e GIJLTi 7't$?ofiQrirtlh Cc'91%9a$9PA 1- 1
A
the 4th day after blood lotting, and those with acute radiation sickneou
died during the 3rd-4th week after irradiation. Normal rabbits placed in
the high-oxygen chamber showed decreased respiration and gl.ycolysis rate
in the bone marrow, which is explained as a result of the inhibition of
orythropoiesis.
In this case there was a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, and
in the quantity of hemoglobin and reticulocytes. The coefficient of tissue
respiration, Qo2, in organ tissues was increased. Qo2 and glycol.ysis were
higher in the bone marrow and spleen of rabbits made anemic by blood let-
ting than in normal rabbits. Respiration and glycolysis were somewhat
diminished in the liver. When the bone marrow tissue of the rabbits that
were made anemic was placed for a certain period in the high-oxygen-
containing chamber it was able to absorb oxygen with greater intensity
than the bone marrow of control animals. Glycolysis in organ tissue
changed in a line parallel to Qo of these organs. The author interprets
this increased oxygen demand by he bone marrow as due to intensified
regeneration."
113. Storage Period for Blood Materials Reduced in Czechoslovakia
"Changes in the Storage Transfusion Preparations"; Prague,
Vestnik Ministerstva Zdravotnictvi, No 6, 1 Mar 60, p 75
An instruction of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Health, dated
11 December 1959, states that the expiration period for erythrocyte
mass has been set at 21 days from the day the blood was collected.
The expiration period for resuspended erythrocyte mass, even when
saccharose has been used (in the resuspension process), has been set at
16 days from the day the blood was collected.
This change is a result of research work of the Institute of Hema-
tology and Blood Transfusion, in the course of which a study was made of
the posttransfusion vitality of red corpuscles in whole blood, erythrocyte
mass, and resuspended erythrocyte mass. The results of this study in-
dicated that the previous expiration period, which had been established
on the basis of literature dealing with the subject, did not correspond
to the actual preservation of the quality of stored erythrocytes and
that a change in the storage period was required. The instruction
orders all blood transfusion centers to comply with the new prescribed
storage period.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
unolo~y and 'nip ,=
111. Bacteriophage Testad in E:C,perimeT.tal `5 ,Ihoid
"The Action of Bacteriophage on Experimental Typhoid
Infection Under Conditions of Altered Reactivity of the
Organism," by L. M. Lezhankina, Material1 2-go Plenuma
Sibirsk. Fit. 0-va Patofiziol ovDattc, on the Second
Plenum of the Siberian Branch of the Society of Patho..
physiologists), 1958, pp 50-53 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal --
Biologiya, No 17, 10 Sap 60, Abstract No 79839, by Y'a.
C PYRG HlRautenshteyn )
"White mice were infectrWd with a one-day culture of typhoid bacteria
isolated from the blood of a patient. Polyvalent typhoid phage was intro-
duced once or twice intraperitoneally immediately after infection, or one
day before infection or six hnu.r,a after infection. One group of experi-
mental animals was subjected to the action of a soporific (urethan), and
another, caffeine. The effectiveness of the phage was evaluated according
to survival of the animals and the rate of elimination of bacteria from
the organism. It was established that uurethan-induced sleep retarded
typhoid septicemia, but at the same time diminished the therapeutic effect
of the phage; caffeine did not reinforce this effect and facilitated a
more rapid freeing of the organism from bacteria, which was not observed
in urethan-induced sleep. It is concluded that the action of phage on
the infection process in the organism depends on the functional con-
dition of the central nervous system."
115. Therapy of Paranoid Forms of Schizophrenia
"Comparative Investigation of the Results of Largactil and
Serpasil Therapy of Patients Suffering From Paranoid Forms
of Schizophrenia," by A, Jug, Ye. Broszkiewicz, K. Gerard,
W. Kozaczewska, Neurol. Neuxichir. ur. i P.s~-chiatr. Polska
(Poland)., 19 59, 9, No 4, 511- 52 + ( from Referativnyy Zhurnal --
CPYRGH iologiya, No 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract Na7991
"Largactil was administered to !6, and serpasil to 27 patients with
a history of the duration of the disease from several days to 20 years.
In the author's opinion the degree of improv'einent depends on the duration
of the disease and the character of its course prior to therapy with
largactil and serpasil."
anitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
116. New Antibrotic
"Dihydrostreptomyci.n" (unsigned article); Moscow, Meditsinskiy
Rabotnik, 13 Sep 60, p 3
Dihydrostreptomycin is a new antibiol.,ic obtained by the reduction
of streptomycin at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Anti-
biotics. It is indicated in some forms of tuberculosis, tubercular
meningitis, in diseases of the urinary canal, tularemia, acute forms of
brucellosis, and endocarditis induced by penicillin-resistant microbes.
The effectiveness of the drug was established in clinical tests. It is
only slightly toxic and is well tolerated by the patients. It can be
administered in combination with other antibacterial drugs. It is
administered intramuscularly in doses of 0.5-1.0 gram to adults and
0.2-0.5 gram to children. The drug is now being prepared at the Moscow
Plant of Medical Substances No 2.
117. Inoculation of Pregnant Women Against Infantile Paralysis
"Inoculation of Pregnant'. Women Against Infantile Paralysis";
Prague, Vestnik Minister-stva Zdravotnictvi, Vol 8, No 12,
25 May 60, pp 139-140
On 23 April 1960, the chief hygienist of Czechoslovakia issued a reso-
lution requiring special protective inoculation of pregnant women against
contagious infantile paralysis. In accordance with this resolution,?kraj
hygienists are to immediately order such inoculation for all pregnant
women. The inoculations are to be planned, organized, directed, and
supervised by kraj and okres hygienists in accordance with instructions
of the chief hygienist of Czechoslovakia and performed by physicians
providing outpatient care for women. The inoculations are to be given
between the 20th and 36th weeks of pregnancy and are to consist of two
injections. The first injection is to be made not earlier than the 20th
week (and no later than the 32nd week) of pregnancy, with the second being
given 2-1+ weeks later. The inoculations are free and related costs will
be paid for by the state.
Health departments of the kraj national committees are instructed to
initiate a program to familiarize the public with the significance of the
inoculations. All health personnel who will administer the inoculations
and all who will maintain records thereon are also to be informed of this
order.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
The resolution exempts the following classes of pregnant women from
the inoculations- (1) 'those with serious anamnesis (habitual abortion,
diagnosed or suspected latent infections, erythrob].astosis ); (2) those
with Rh isoimmunization; and (3) those with delayed gestosis.
In correctly administered inoculations there should be no compli-
cations. In very rare cases, allergy to penicillin or streptomycin, which
is added to the Salk-formula vaccine, may be manifested in a rash.
118. Aeroionotherapy Used 'to Treat Gastric Ulcers in Rumania
"Research and Practical Application," by Dr L Florea;
Bucharest, Muncitorul Sanitar, 22 Oct 60, p 1
Dr H. Straus of the Cluj branch of the Institute of Hygiene and Public
Health has been outstanding in the field of new treatment of gastric ulcers
with aeroionotherapy. Aeroionozation has been studied in many population
and industrial centers. However, lack of adequate apparatus has held
back the detection of the small and even large ions which affect the purity
of the atmosphere. The modification of the Eberth apparatus has permitted
the extension of studies on aeroionization and the identification of the
ions which affect the body. Research has shown that small, negative ions
have a calming effect.
This discovery was the basis for, aeroionotherapy relieving some af-
flictions, such as gastric ulcers. Successful experiments were carried
out on animals and humans. Aeroionization improved the trophic changes
of the gastric mucus in cases of gastric ulcers. Aeroionization has been
helpful in some cases of poisoning, such as gasoline poisoning, in
silicosis, and generally in pneumoconiosis.
It is difficult to study the reactivity of the body through physio-
logical methods. Laboratory animals exposed to unfamiliar conditions often
endanger the accuracy of the results.
Dr. Tiberiu Fritch developed an apparatus to register pneumoplethys-
mograms which, by an optical system of recording, permits the concomitant
recording of the pneumogram and cardiovascular investigations.
-73-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Oncology
119. Rumanians Experiment With Sarcol.ysine
Bucharest-,, Muncitorul. Sanitar, Vol 1.1, No 37, 17 Sep 60, p 1
The Synthesis Laboratory of the Oncologric Institute in Duchareu t,
has prepared the Rumanian drug sarcolysine, which ha.n-been used with
good results in experiments. This laboratory is also using other
cytostatics in experiments on animals.
120. New Oncological Hospital in Ploesti
Bucharest, Muncitorul Sanitax, Vol 11, No 37, 17 Sep 60, p 1
The new oncology section of No 2 hospital in Ploesti, Rumania, was
recently put into operation. The section is located in a new pavilion
and is equipped with all installations necessary for good hospitalization
and adequate treatment. It has a capacity of 50 beds and will largely
meet the regiune's hospitalization: needs for patients with various
malignant tumors.
RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Pharmacology
121. Organophosphorus Poisoning of Warm-blooded Animals Studied
"Changes in the Organism of Animals Following Poisoning With
Certain Organophos horns Insecticides," Yu. S. Kagan and Ye.
I. Makovskaya Kiev, Kiev Scientific Research Institute of
Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (director; L. I.
Medvedt); Moscow, Arkhiv Patologii, No 9, 1960, pp 44-49
The authors present materials on the clinical course of poisoning
with the organophosphorus insecticides: mercaptophos -- both thiolo and
thiono isomers, preparation M-74 (disyston) -- ((C2H5)2P(S)SCH2CH2SC2H5,
preparation M-81 (ekatin) -- (CH )2P(S)SCH CH?SC2H5, and preparation
M-82 -- (CH 3)2P(S)SCH2CH22SCHq . 'he morphological bhanges developing in
mice, rats, cats, and ratbit3 following administration of these insecti-
cides by various routes are also depicted. Fatal and toxic doses and
concentrations of these drugs cause intoxications by the excitation of
the cholinoreactive systems with considerable vascular disturbances,
and dystrophic and focal necrobiotic changes in the cerebral nerve cells
and internal organs. The morphological changes revealed in experimental
animals are not specific for the action of organophosphorus insecticides.
122. Effect of Chlorine on the Organism
"On the Problem of Modifications of the Nervous System in
Acute Chlorine Intoxication," by A. A. Nersesyan, S. A.
Torosyan, and A. V. Stepanyan (Yerevan), Second Clinic of
Nervous Diseases of the Second Medical Assobiation; Moscow,
Gigiyena Truda i Professionaltnyye Zaboloveniya, Vol 4,
No 10, Oct 60, p 50
CPYRGHT
"Inasmuch as the problem of the modifications of the nervous system
as a pesult of acute intoxication by chlorine is not greatly elucidated
in medical literature, the observations of a group of 18 persons suffering
from acute intoxication by chlorine merit particular attention. The intoxica-
tions were of a mild and moderately expressed character. Not a single case
of pulmonary edema was noted. On a background of a general irritating
effect (cough, dyspnea, nausea) the patient;; suffered from severe headaches,
adynamia, tremor of the fingers, bright-red dermographism, an increase in
the mechanical irritability of the muscles, diaphoresis, depression of the
tendon reflexes, asthenic reaction of the pupils to light, depressed re-
actions, and hypoesthesia of the extremities in some of the patients,
Temporary affections of the cranial nerves (trigeminal and facial) and
neuralgia of the sciatic nerve were observed in some of the more expressed
- 75 -
 CPYRG T
cases of intoxication. Loss of consciouseness, spasms, fibrillar jerking
of the muscles, symptoms of meningitis, and manifestations of hemiparesis
were noted in acute chlorine intoxications. The modifications were of a
reversible character, and all the patients were discharged from the clinic
either in a considerably improved condition, or completely cured."
123. Effect of Isoniazid and Paraaminosalicylic Acid on the Organism
"Effect of Isoniazid and PAS LParaaminosalicylic Acid) on the
Ascorbic and Cholesterine Level in the Adrenal Glands of Rats,"
by M. Kohou", and R. Krulik, Rozhl. Tuberk., 1960, 4, 286-289
(from Meditsinskiy Referativnyy Zhurnal, Section 2, No 8, Aug
CPYRGH4O, Abstract No 1513, by V. G. Grigoryan)
"Experiments were carried out on 150-250-gram albino rats. Isoniazid
was administered to the animals in doses of 50 milligrams per kilogram of
body weight, and PAS, in doses of one gram per kilogram of body weight.
The control group was administered physiological salt solution. The
ascorbic acid and cholesterine levels were determined in the adrenals of
the decerebrated animals one, 3, 7, and 14 days after the administration
of the antibiotics. Following the administration of single doses of
isoniazid and PAS the ascorbic acid and cholesterine levels dropped. A
greater drop in the ascorbic acid was noted after the administration of
PAS. This: decrease continued for a period of 14 days. Fourteen days
after the administration of isoniazid the ascorbic acid level was de-
creased by 31 percent, and cholesterine by 26 percent. After the admin-
istration of PAS the ascorbic acid level was decreased by 42 percent and
that of cholesterine by 39.5 percent. The weight of the adrenals was in-
creased. The decrease in the ascorbic acid and cholesterine levels and
the increase in the weight of the adrenals indicate the stimulating
effect of these preparations on the adrenal glands."
1249 Pyridine Salts as Bactericidals
"Synthesis and Bactericidal Properties of Some Quaternary
4-replaced Salts of Pyridine," by St. Gaytandzhiyev, Sv. Avra-
mov, D. Kolarov, Farmatsia (Bulgaria), 1959, 9, No 5, 25-29
(from Referativn Zhurnal -- Khimiya No 16, 25 Aug 60, Abstract
CPYRGHTJo 66459, by the author)
"The following salts possessing bactericidal properties in relation
to Bacto typhi murium were obtained through the interaction of pyridine,
ethylpyridine, and the methyl ester and amide of isonicotinic acid with
dodecyl bromide: bromide of 1-dodecylpyridine (1); bromide of 1-dodecyl-
4-ethylpyridine (II); bromide of 1-dodecyl-4-cartomethoxypyridine (III);
bromide-l-dodecyl-4-carboxamidopyrine (IV). (III) and (IV) were the
-76-
or Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 CPYRGHT
AAA4
San ' - - -
-
rs to a synthesized. It was established that preparation (II)
possesses the strongest bactericidal properties, surpassing those of
ajatin. In respect to bactericidal properties, (II) is followed by (I),
(III), and finally (IV). As compared with chloramine, the bactericidal
properties of all these salts are relatively weak. The phenol coefficients
of the synthesized preparations are as follows: (I) -- 94; (II) -- 218;
(III) -- 140; (IV) -- 25 (chloramine -- 48, and ajatin -- 90). In rela-
tion to their effect on the bactericidal properties of the salts, the
replacements in position 4 in the nucleus of pyridine are grouped as
follows: C2H5> H;.C00CH3> CONH2."
125. Combined Action of Furacillin and Novocain
"Furacillin-Novocain Anesthesia," by M. I. Kalinin.,
Ivantkovskaya City Hopsital, Moskovskaya Oblast; Moscow,
Khirurgiya, Vol 36, No 7, Jul 60, pp 72-73
Results of the application of furacillin-novocain anesthesia admin-
istered in 2,822 surgical operations are reported. The accumulation of
the data was begun in 1953. It was established that the use of the
furacillin-novocain combination is highly advisable as a means of pre-
venting postoperative pyosis. In only three cases was it necessary to
leave the incisions unsutured for draining purposes. In all other cases
it was possible to close the incisions when the combination of furacillin-
novocain was used.
126. Potentiation of Succinylcholine by Proserine
"Experimental and Clinical Prolongation of the Action
Succinylcholine (Ditilin) With Proserine," by S. M.
Zolfnikov and N. F. Mustakopulo, Laboratory of Anesthesio-
logy of Institute of Thoracic Surgery; Moscow, Khirurgiya,
Vol 36, No 8, Jul 60, pp 44-46
Experiments carried out on dogs established that proserine when
used in conjunction with succinylcholine prolongs and potentiates the
action of the anesthetic by 15-120 minutes. The effectiveness of the
combined application of proserine and succinylcholine was proved in
33 operations on the abdominal and thoracic cavities. However, the
authors recommend further research since as yet no correlation constant
for the doses of the preparations and apnea has been established.
- 77 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Saniliigfo - p p%6td f glea~p M JDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
"On the Effect of Enriching the Diet With Vitamin E on the
Biochemical Changes in Working Muscles," by A. F. Makarova
and N. R. Chagovets, Biochemical Sector of the Leningrad
Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture; Kiev,
Ukrainsldy Biokhimicheskiy Zhurnal, Vol 32,,no 4, 1960,
PP 560-565
The biochemical changes in the muscles and blood of albino rats
were studied after the animals had been swimming for various periods
(15 minutes and 5 hours). The first group of experimental animals was
put on an ordinary diet; the second group received the daily supplement
of 6 mg of vitamin E dispersed in 0.75 g of malt extract; and the third
group of animals received pure malt extract (0.75) without vitamin E.
The results of the study showed that the supplement to the animals
ration either of highly dispersed vitamin E in malt extract or of pure
malt extract exerts a favorable effect on the course of the biochemical
processes in the muscles during activity of various duration.
The data obtained indicated that enriching the diet of animals with
vitamin E does not affect the chemistry of the working muscles. At the
same time these results permit recommending malt extract as a supplementary
nutritional factor when engaged in physical activity.
128. Vitamin Enrichment of Foods as a Goiter Preventive Measure
"Contents of Iodine and Bromine in the Thyroid Glands of
Albino Rats Dependent on the Vitamins in the Food,," by
E. S. Turetskaya, Lvov Institute of Epidemiology, Micro-
biology and Hygiene; Kiev, Ukrainskiy Biokhimiches y Zhurnal,
Vol 32, No 4, 1960, pp 578-587
The author studied the effect of enriching food with vitamins A.
B2, C. and D on the weight of and the iodine and bromine content in the
thyroid glands of albino rats under experimental conditions.
The investigations established that food enriched with vitamins C
or D furthers a more intense accumulation of iodine and bromine in normal
thyroid glands. Supplementary administration of vitamin A with the food
leads to a decrease in the iodine and bromine content in the thyroid
glands of the experimental animals and to an increase in the average
weight of the glands. This phenomenon also takes place with vitamin B2.
- 78 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Inv w of this, the author recommended the enrichment of food with
vitamins C or D in quantities exceeding the physiological requirements
of the organism in endemic goiter districts characterized by iodine and
bromine insufficiency in the environment, such as the western regions of
the Ukrainian SSR.
129. Effect of Reserpine on the Organism
"On the Effect of the Modifications of the Tonus of the
Automatic Nervous System Induced by Reserpine on the
Protective Substances of the Serum," by L. Goreczky, G.
Vajda, and P. ,Baumann, Kiserl. Orvostud, 1959, 11, No 4,
CPYRGHT 433-436 (from Referativn~vy Zhurnal -- Biolo i a, No 16,
25 Aug 60, Abstract No 78976)
"A considerable decrease in bactericidal activity and diminution in
the titer complement was noted in blood serum obtained 3,6, and 24 hours
after the administration of reserpine. In the authorts opinion this is
due to the modification of the tonue of the autonomic nervous system with
a shift toward parasympathicotonia, caused by the adrenolytic and noradreno:-
lytic properties of reserpine."
130. New Drugs
"New Medicinal Preparations," by J. Podlewski and A. Podleswka,
Farmac. Polg?:a (Poland), 1959, No 12, 15, 226-227 (from
CPYRGHT
Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Khimiya, No 14, 25 Jul 60, Abstract
No 58240, by V. Ivanova
"The doses and actions of a number of preparations are described:
ultandren (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta-oxy-17 alpha-methyltestosterone);
madribon (2,4-dimethoxy-6-sulxanilimado-l,3-diazine); eksult -- tablets
containing 2,000 units of the extract of liver, brain, and adrenals with-
out the hormones, 14 grams of cream (55 percent fat), 0.6 milligram of
vitamin Bl, 1.2 milligrams of vitamin PP, 8.7 milligrams of Fe gluconate,
cacao, coconut oil, caseine, cane sugar, and extract of malt; vaskulat
[the sulfate of 1,1-(40oxyphenyl)-1-oxy-2-n-butylaminoethane], a sympathi-
comimetic drug; nozinan [acid maleate of L-methoxr-~-(ihethyl-2
-dimethylamino-3 )-propyl-10-phenothiazine (levomepromazine)], a drug
used in the therapy of psychoses and having an action similar to that
of largactil; and hibitane (diacetate of chlorohexidine) used as a
topical bactericidal."
- 79 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Physiology
131. Conditioned Disinhibition Investigated
"Concerning Conitioned Inhibition and Conditioned Disinhibition.
The Formation of Conditioned Disinhibition by Adding a Supple-
mentary Agent to the Conditioned Inhibitor," by K. A. Iordanis,
Chair of Higher Nervous Activity; Moscow, Vestnik Moskovskogo
Uaiversiteta, Seriya VI. Biologiya, Pochvovedeniyo, No 3, May/
J~O, pp 14-17
This article points out that results of the authorts experiments
showed that dogs discern conditioned inhibiting and conditioned disin-
hibiting excitations better than rabbits and doves. This discernment
becomes more difficult when a supplementary stimulus, added to the con-
ditioned inhibitor, inhibits the positive conditioned reflex and dis;
inhibits the attendant discernment in the course of formation of con-
ditioned inhibition and conditioned disinhibition. Results of these
experiments on dogs, rabbits, and doves confirm the results of similar
experiments on a chimpanzee, conducted by the author of this article.
It was thus noted in the experiments conducted by the author of
this article, and also in the experiments conducted by L. G. Voronin and
his associates, that the difference in the degree of discernment of com-
plex excitations depends on the level of development of the nervous system.
132. Phosphorylation of Thiamine at High Altitude Condition
"The Effect of Hypoxia on Phosphorylation of Thiamine in Rat
Tissues," by Yu. B. Khmelevskiy, Chair of Biochemistry, Kiev
Medical Institute; Kiev, Ukrainskiy Biokhimicheskiy Zhurnal,
Vol 32, No 3, 1960, PP 412-417
The author studied the effect of reduced barometric pressure on the
ratio of thiamine to its phosphorus esters in rat tissues. In the course
of the work the action of rutine and halascorbine was examined on the
ratio between thiamine and its derivatives in tissues during hypoxia.
Thiamine, labeled with S-35, was used in tie experiments. Isolation and
identification of the marked thiamine and its phosphorus esters were
conducted by paper chromato raphy. The animals were examined 24 hours
after the introduction of S55-thiamine and after 6 hours in a chamber
with a simulated altitude of 8,000 meters.
-80-
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized) ~~adff~~d~~A ~t~ng~-~~q~~~~$iq0q1r-P
se
in the quantity of thiamine diphosphato, thiamine monophosphate, and thia-
mine were found in the hearts of these aminals, as compared with the con-
trols who were kept under normal atmospheric pressures. These disturbances
were less pronounced in the liver of the experimental animals. A prelim-
inary administration of rutine and halascorbine, under the experimental
conditions described, led to an increase in the thiamine triphosphate
level and a reduction in thiamine diphosphate.
133. Proper Ultrasound Irradiation of Eyes Not Injurious to Cornea
"The Effect of Ulrasound on Normal Eyes of Rabbits," by
F. Ye. FAdman, State Scientific Research Institute of
Eye Diseases imeni Gel'mgol'ts; Moscow, Oftaltmologicheskiy
Zhurnal, No 5, 1960, pp 270-273
In view of the increasing employment of ultrasound irradiation in
various fields of medicine and the paucity of literature on the effect
of ultrahigh-frequency sound waves on the organ of sight, especially in
connection with the therapeutic treatment of certain diseases, the author
conducted a number of experiments, and presents the following conclusions
on this subject.
1. A single irradiation of rabbit eyes by ultrasound with a frequency
of one megacycle, within the intensity range of 1.0-2.3 watts/cm2, produces
erosion in the epithelium, edema in the cornea, temporary miosis, and
mild exophthalmos.
2. Following the irradiation of rabbit eyes by ultrasound within
the intensity range of 2.3-1.5 watts/cm2, the above-mentioned changes
were more pronounced and a unique zone of necrosis lacking in nuclei and
having a tendency to develop into an inflammatory reaction at the periphery
was detected histologically in the stroma layer of the cornea.
3. A single irradiation of rabbit eyes by ultrasound with an inten-
sity of 0.3 watt/cm2 did not cause any stable changes; however, the daily
irradiation of the eyes by the abov1-mentioned dose (5-6 treatments)
produced keratosis, thinning of the epithelium, and necrosis of the
anterior layers of the corneal stroma.
4. The course of irradiation of rabbit eyes with ultrasound with
an intensity of 0.3 watt/cm2 at 2-day intervals caused neither clinical
nor morphological changes in the eyes that were tested.
-81--
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release :82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
134. Index for Human Reactivity Proposed
"The Significance of the Reactivity of an Organism in the
Mechanism of Ultraviolet Radiation Action," by G. S.,Var-
shaver and 0. M. Vil'chur, Vopr, Fizioterapii i Kurortol.
(Problems of Physiotherapy and Health'IResort Study , M.,
Medgiz, 1959, pp 156-159 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal --
Bio1ogiya, No 12, 25 Jun 60, Abstract No 57749, by L.
CPYRGF 1tpinerY
"Information is presented on the change of skin reactivity to ultra-
violet rays during various states of the central and peripheral nervous
systems. The authors suggest that the reactivity of the skin to ultra-
violet rays be considered along with phagocytosis of the blood and its
serum protein composition as a criterion for the reactivity of an
organism."
135? Shielding of Upper Third of Abdominal Region Significant in Bone
Marrow Suspension Treatment of Radiation Seguelae
"A Study of the Effect of Bone Marrow Injection on the Thrombo-
plastic Activity of X-Irradiated Rats," by V. Ye. Pastcrc a and
Be A. Kudryashov, Nauchn. Dokl. Vyssh, Shkoly Biol. N. (Scien-
tific Reports of the Higher Schools of Biological Sciences),
No 1, 1959, pp 80-83; (from Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Biolo i a,
C PYRG HTNo 12, 25 Jun 60, Abstract No 57714, by N. Ryzhov
"The intravenous administration of bone marrow suspension to rats
2 1/2-3 hours after their irradiation by 600 r did not alter the survival
rate or increase the blood thromboplastic activity. Analogous adminis-
tration of bone marrow to animals irradiated while the upper third of
the abdominal region was shielded was accompanied by a significant in-
crease (12-20%) of blood thromboplastic activity,"
- 82 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanjj0dx= jyVp4 ~l~ e1t M%i t i 11 a~ Q ~rit9
Exophthalmos
"Progressive Malignant 'Fxophthalmos," by Prof M. L.
Krasnov and Be I. Svyadoshch, Chair of Eye Diseases,
Central Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians;
Moscow, Vestnik Oftaltmologii, No 4, Jul," %*)Og pp 3-11
The disease described in this article appears in literature under
various names, but the name progressive malignant exophthalmos was
selected to stress its severity.
The authors review briefly the symptoms and the course of the
disease and describe three case histories of patients treated by X-ray
therapy (total doses equaled 1,150, 1,450, and 1,600 r administered
over a period of 6 weeks, twice weekly). The following conclusions
are presented.
1. Malignant progressive exophthalmos runs a typical clinical
courses and pathologically it is closely linked with the excessive pro-
duction of thyrotroph.c hormone from the anterior lobe of the hypophysis.
The disease is very grave and often leads to blindness.
2. Pathological and anatomic changes due to this disease are
evident in the form of dense edema and cellular infiltration of the
orbital tissue with subsequent transformation into fibrosis.
3. The most effective method of treating progressive malignant
exophthalmos, at present, is X-ray therapy of the orbitohypophyseal area.
Treatment should be initiated as early as possible in the course of the
disease before the development of fibrosis.
Miscellaneous
137. Help to Underdeveloped Countries
"For a Hospital in Guinea" (unsigned article); Moscow,
CPYRGHleditsinskiv Rabotnik, 13 Sep 60, p 4
"A shipment of medical equipment, apparatuses, and instruments for
the hospital "Donka" in Conakry with 500 beds is being sent as a gift
to the people of Guinea by the Soviet Union. Included in the shipment
are stationary and portable apparatuses for gas anesthesia, apparatuses
for artificial respiration, equipment for the administration of uninterrupted
anesthesia, improved shadowless lamps for surgeries, suturing apparatuses,
and X-ray and therapeutic installations. Instruments for thoracic sur-
gery are also being sent. The equipment is now being loaded in the
Odessa port for shipment to Conakry."
- 83 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 San1l edNa,4 p r Jf g 3g~d~as~rrs u~-~r~ ~~Qa 6 ~ of
Medical Sciences USSR
"Current News" (unsigned artilce); Moscow, Arkhiv Patologii,
Vol 22, No 9, 1960, p 94
At a 15 June 1960 meeting, the Presidium of the Academy of Medical
Sciences USSR accepted the report of the Department of Medicobiological
Sciences and decided to create in Moscow the Institute of Human Morphology.
The new institute would be created out of parts of the pathologoanatomical.
department of the Moscow Oblast Clinical Institute.
A committee was appointed to determine the structure of the new insti-
139. Czech Center for Exotic Diseases Established
"Medical Examination of Persons Sent Abroad and Those Returning
From Abroad"; Prague, Vestnik Ministerstva Zdravotnictvi, No 6
1 Mar 60, pp 71-73
An instruction issued by the Czechoslovak Ministry of Health indicates
that a Center for Exotic Diseases (Stredisko pro cizokrajne choroby) has
been established within the Institute of National Health of the Prague
Central National Committee (Faculty Hospital in Prague 12, Srobarova 50).
The center will provide such necessary services to personnel being assigned-
to brief periods of duty abroad (as well as their families) as inoculations,
as well as to those being assigned abroad for extended periods. Presumably
referring to those going abroad for extended duty, the instruction states
that they will be given basic and special examinations including dental
examinations. Personnel (and their families) sent abroad by offices other
than central offices located in Prague will be given basic examinations,
including dental examinations, by an approved physician in the appropri-
ate kraj institute of national health. An extended assignment abroad is
one that exceeds 3 months in the case of European countries and 2 months
in the case of countries outside Europe.
Personnel returning from abroad following their tour of duty or for
vacation must be immediately examined by the center or the appropriate
kraj institute of national health and any necessary treatment must be
initiated at once.
-84-
anitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 SanM22d
leWAH - a~M # ibr ~ F Ai flMhUnrfi.
Berlin, Der Morgen, 30 Sep 60
Under a long-range plan to be adopted by the East Berlin City
Assembly in October, 1.35 billion DM is to be spent on the development
of East Berlints medical and public-health facilities between 1960 and
1965.
The plan calls for building 23 city dispensaries, 3 polyclinics,
9 children's nurseries, 2 old-age homes, and 50 nursery stations and
for an increase of 900 hospital beds and 1,000 infirmary beds. A reha-'
bilitation center is being established in Berlin/Buch. Allotments of
135 million DM have been planned for rebuilding the Charite first-aid
clinic and for additional medical facilities in the Berlin/Buch Research
Center alone. The plan also provides for including the, highest possible
number of East Berliners in preventive measures in 1961, especially the
continuation of the successful polio immunization. Under the 1961 polio
immunization program, all East Berliners between 20 and 40 are to be
vaccinated.
The Bezirk Berlin committee of the East German Red Cross is to set
up a commission for health training. The East German Magistrat, - in con-
junction with this commission and the East German Hygiene Museum, Dresden,
is to establish a health-training center in the New City Hall during the
first half of 1961.
141. New Hospital Being Built in Gera
"Gera -- Portrait of a City," by Willi Weber, Chief Burgomaster
of Gera; Berlin, Stadt and Gemeinde, Vol 4, No 10, Oct 60, pp
10-17
A new hospital, the Wismut-Hospital, is now under construction in
Gera as part of the Seven-Year Plan and is scheduled for completion by
1963. The main clinic (the women's and children's clinic) will contain
520 beds. The hospital complex will include a pathology institute, a
Lbacteriological] culture house, large kitchens, and washrooms. The
article contains a picture of the building site of this hospital on page
13.
- 85 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
142. Postgraduate Medical Training Congress Opons in Leipzig
Berlin, Neue Zeit, 28 Sep 60
The 1960 Congress on Postgraduate Medical Training has opened in
Leipzig. Among the participants in the congress are noted scientists
of the East German Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Social Hygiene,
Work Hygiene, and Medical Postgraduate Training, well-known medical
experts of the Geat German universities, and more than 600 physicians
from the two German states.
In his opening speech, Prof Dr Friedeberger, East German Deputy
Minister of Health, announced that the Academy for Postgraduate Medical
Training has been established in East Berlin. Friedeberger said that
with the establishment of this academy the Ministry of Health has met
the need for raising postgraduate medical training to a higher level.
Friedeberger also reported the establishment of an East German Associa-
tion for Experimental Medicine.
143. Organization of and Plans for Experimental Medical Research Insti-
tute of Hungary
"Report of the Department Directorate," by Antal Babies, Secre-
tary of the Department of Biological and Medical Sciences of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest, A Magyar Tudoma vos
Akademia Biolo iai es Orvosi Tudoma ok Osztalyanak Kozleme ei,
Vol XI, No 2-3 1960p pp 168-170
The KOKI (Kiserleti Orvostudomanyi Kutato Intezet, Experimental Medical
Research Institute) was established in 1953 to act as a center and director
of pathophysiology and pharmaceutical research and research in the fields
of morphology and antibiotics., Because its departments have been so
widely scattered, the institute has been unable to attain its goals. The
departments of the institute are now located in four places. They will
be brought together after the construction of the new headquarters of KOKI,
which is to begin in 1960 and should be completed in 2 years, To permit
the expansion of the Debrecen Department of Antibiotics, the possibility
of the construction of a barrabk-type building is now being investigated.
On 1 March 1960, the Department of Microbiology was transferred to
KOKI from the National Institute of Public Health (Orszagos Kozegeszsegugyi
Intezet). Although administratively transferred to KOKI, this department,
under the direction of Dr Gyula Weisfeiler,'will continue to operate in
the laboratories of its original institute for the time being.
- 86 -
Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 SanitizedlnA9f*Qvc i FDe,~aRW e~: a .RW$2iOe>~4tRA%40 ssoau.I>~gical
and Medical Sciences recommended the appointment of Academician Istvan
Rusznyak as director of KOKI and also as chairman of the Department of
Pathophysiology, Academician Bela Issekutz as chairman of the Department
of Pharmaceutical Research Academician Imre Toro as chairman of the Depart-
ment of Morphology and Prof Tibor Valyi-Nagy as chairman of the Debrecen
Department of Antibiotics.
The most important achievements of the departments have been as
follows: The Department of Antibiotics has developed primycin, flavo-
fungin, and related antibiotics. The Department of Pharmaceutical Re-
search has developed "gastropin" and is now working on the preparation
of drugs having the effect of largactil, papaverin, and novatropin, The
Department of Pathophysiology is concentrating research on the lymph
system, neuroendocrinology, ands hematology. The Department of Morphology
is studying the basic biological significance of the histophysiology of
the thymus and of cell multiplication.
The expansion of KOKI will not decrease the significance of univer-
sity research. Such research remains indispensable, because the medical
universities perform the major part of scientific work and will continue
to do so for many years to come.
"Interview From the Future," by Klari R. Farkas; Budapest, MagZar
Nemzet, g Oct 60, p 5
The Experimental Medical Research Institute is to begin operating in
a new 46-million-forint building on the Ulloi ut in Budapest in 1963.
Dr Ervin Stark., Candidate of Medical Sciences, will be deputy director of
the institute.
The basement of the planned building will house the mechanical instal-
lations required for research. A library., reading rooms, club rooms, and
dining hall will be located on the ground floor. The management, offices,
anc: guest rooms will be located on the second floor. The third and fourth
floors will accommodate the Department of Pathophysiology. This depart-
ment is now conducting research on the role of certain endocrine glands.
The effect of the glands on various experimentally induced pathological
conditions is being investigated.
The Department of Experimental Morphology will be on the fifth and
sixth floors. It will conduct research on the basic biological phenomena
of animal cells, The result of these investigations will provide clues
to the problem of cell multiplication, regeneration, etc. The Department
of Pharmaceutical Research will be on the eighth and ninth floors.
- 87 -
 Sanitized - AeRrovd For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Onc n s new headquarter, KOKI will concentrate on developing
drugs to combat virus infection. Future plans also call for KOKI to
conduct research on the biochemistry and physiology of the brain.
144. Rumania Sends Medical Films to Prague Congress
Bucharest, Muncitorul Sanitar, Vol 11, No 37, 17 Sep 60, p 1
The following films, produced by the Medical Documentation Center,
will represent Rumania at the 14th Congress of the International Associa-
tion of.Scientific Films to be held 16-24 September in Prague: "Inter-
atrial Septal Defects," "Research in Experimental Embryology," "Experi-
mentally Induced Dystonic Motor Syndromes," and "Artificial Pulmonary
Heart."
1459 Organizational Changes in Medical Academy in Warsaw
"Organizational Changes in the Medical Academy in Warsaw";
Warsaw, Monitor Poiski, No 61 and 62, 4 Aug and 9 Aug 60,
p 574 and p 580
On the basis of Article 15 of the law of 5 November 1958 on higher
schools (Dziennik Ustaw, No 68, Item 336), the following organizational
changes were authorized for the Medical Academy in Warsaw on the dates
indicated:
On 25 June, the present Chair of Infectious D3,seases of the College
of Sanitation and Hygiene was transferred to the Department of Medicine
of the Medical Academy in Warsaw.
On 7 July, the establishment of a Chair of Biochemistry in the
Pharmaceutical Department of the Medical Academy in Warsaw was authorized.
 Sanitized - Approved For Releqqg,: C ,PR?;-00141 R0001 00680001-9
ila6. New Technology for Making Bal.1-Bearing Steel
"New Technology for Making Shlthl5-Grade Ball-Bearing Steel
Under White Slags," by N. M. Chuyko, V. B. Rutkovskiy,
M. P. Konishchev, A. G. Perevyazko, A. F. Tregubenko., I. S.
Yatskevich, I. P. Zabaluyev, V. V. Kurganov, T. M. Bobkov,
and G. I. Antipenko, Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute
and "Dneprospetastal'" Plant; Stalinsk, Izvestiya V sshikh
Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Chernaya Metallurgiya, No 5, 1960)
pp 38-47
Descriptions are given of the various steps in a new technology for
making ShI16-grade ball-bearing steel which is distinguished by a shorter
refining period and the use of white 'slags. The duration of a complete
heat is shortened 8% and that of the refining period by 35 min. During
the oxidizing period the rate of carbon burn-out is 0.140.5%/hr, whereas
the maximum carbon drop is established to be 0.3-0.5%. Temperature of
the metal before removal of the oxidizing slag is 1,545-1,565?C. Lime-
alumina white slags are used in the reducing period and have the following
composition upon removal: (FeO) L 0.5%; (CaF2) = 1-2%; (SiO 2 + A120)
31-34%; (CaO) > 53%; (MiO) < 12% and (CaO + MgO) s 63-65%. Optimum3
temperature of the metal before tapping is 1,550-1,5709C, whereby it is
possible to bottom-pour a 2.8-ton ingot in 165-190 sec. Final deoxidation
with aluminum in the ladle decreases the oxidation content by 30%. With
proper organization and equipment, the reducing period may be reduced to
approximately one hr 15 min, with a further improvement in the quality of
the metal.
 Sanitized - Approved For ReleaseWT4FA-R'UP800141 R0001 00680001-9
Magnetohydrodynamics
147. Shock-Wave Structure
"The Structure of Low Intensity Shock Waves in Magneto-
hydrodynamics," by Ye. P. Sirotina and S. I. Syrovatskiy;
Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy
Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3, Sep 60, pp 746-753
A general expression has been deduced for the width of shoe?: waves
of low intensity in magnetohydrodynamics. The damping coefficieLzt for
small amplitude waves is determined, and its relation to the discontinuity
width is established.
Nuclear Physics
148. Triple U-235 Fission
"Energy Distribution of the Fragments of Triple U-235
Fission," by V. N. Dmitriyev, L. V. Drapchinskou, K. A.
Petzhak, and Yu. F. Romanov; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3,
Sep 60, pp 55 -5 2
Data on the energy distribution of the fragments of triple U235
fission are presented. It is shown that the ratio of the triple to
double fission probability does not depend on the ratio of the masses.
Arguments are given which substantiate the relation Ed ? Etr + E a
where Ed and Etr are the total energies of the double and triple fission
fragments, Ea is the energy of the long range a particle. The mecha-
nism of triple fission is discussed.
 SarUdzecR-eA:IbMvf e;l2FOr Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00680001-9
"The Possibility of Application of the (n,2n) Reaction
in Nuclear Spectroscopy," by V. V. Komarov, A. B. Kureni.n,
and A. M. Popova, Scientific Research Institute of
Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University imeni Lomonosov;
Moscow, Izvestiya Akademil Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya,
Vol 24, No 9, Sep pn 11 5-il
The reaction (n,2n) is analyzed as a pick-up reaction. By taking
into account the strong interaction of neutrons at low relative energy,
the pick-up mechanism becomes possible as a result of direct interaction
of the incident neutron with the nucleus. By applying the reaction
(n,2n) instead of (p,d) or (n,d), it is expected to obtain data on energy
levels of nuclei by studying the curves of angular distributions within
regions of medium and heavy nuclei, as well as at low energies where
coulomb action is too strong for usual pick-up reactions. These pick-up
reactions are of particular value for determining the characteristics of
active nuclei, as well as for studying secondary excited levels of
even-even reactions and for determining the splitting of nuclei into a
series of states of various moments.
150. Te-119 Isomers
"The Existence of Te-119 Isomers," by N. G. Zaytseva,
M. Ya. Kuznetsova, I. Yu. Levenberg, V. N. Pokrovskiy,
and V. A. IQZalkin; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk
SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya, Vol 24, No 9, Sep 60,
pp 1083-10 5
The existence of Te-119 isomers was revealed by the authors (Radio-
khimiya No 1., 1960) during the study of neutron deficient iodine isotopes
with A s 121. It was attempted thereafter to obtain more detailed data
on the decay of Te?-119 isomers and the establishment of their relative
yields.. The Te-119 isomers were obtained together with other isotopes
from irradiation of a ICI plate by 250-Mev protons on the synchrocyclotron
of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Two radiochemically pure
Te compounds Te I and Te II were obtained. Te I was a mixture of
isotopes formed by deep fission of iodine. Te II was a mixture of Te
isotopes accumulated during the fission of radiochemically pw'e iodine.
The Te-119 isomer in T II was short lived: (12 + 1) hours.
- 91 -
anitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 SarS A ~iiie e4"~s~~;17A-RDP82-001418000100680001-9
"New Isotopes Iridium-1811 and Platinum-1,87," by V. I.
Baranov, K. Ya. Grovov, B. S. Dzhelepov, Sung Chung-pai,
T. V. Malysheva, V. A. Morozov, B. A. Khotin and V. G.
Chumin, Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
imeni Vernadskiy, Academy of Sciences USSR, and. Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii
Nauk, Seri a Fizicheskaya, Vol 21E, No 9, Sep 60,
pp 1079-10 2
The spectrum of conversion electrons of iridium, formed by deep
660-Me`/-proton -induced fission of gold, has been studied by means of a
Danish type beta spectrometer. A new isotope Ir-184 has been identified
and its half life found equal to 3.1 + 0.3 hours. Its suggested decay
scheme is given. For determining the half life of a new platinum isotope
Pt-187, a fraction of Pt was separa:ced from gold irradiated by 660-MeV
protons on the synchrocyclotron. Its daughter nuclide, iridium, was
separated from Pt each IF hours. The spectrum of conversion electrons of
the daughter iridium was studied by means of a magnetic spectrometer with
double focusing. The half life of the new isotope pt-187 was found to be
2.0 + 0.4 hours.
152. Waves in Plasma
"Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma Filled half-Space," by
Yu,. N. Dnestrovskiy and D. P. Kostomarov, Moscow State
University; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperirnen tal'noy i Teoreti-
cheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3, Sep 60, pp b45-b53
The propagation of e'!.ectromagnetic waves across a magnetic field in
half-space filled with a magnetoactive plasma is studied. It is assumed
that the plasma is confined by a stationary magnetic field H, and the
structure of this field is investigated for the case in which the ratio
of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure is small, It is demon-
strated that at large distances from the plasma boundary,, an electro-
magnetic wave with an electric vector parallel to the magnetic field H
has the form of a plane wave with a propagation constants which is
specified by the equaticn for an infinite plasma. The reflection and
transmission coefficients are evaluated for a plane wave striking the
plasma from vacuum.
- 92 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 141 0 8 ; F A !/ I fiFO?riI 1! AL W1*4
2 DECEMBER 1960 `,, 2 QF `.'
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
153. Plasma Stability
"Study of Plasma Stability by Means of a Generalized Energy
Principle," by V. F. Aleksin and V. I. Yashin, Physico-
Technical Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences;
Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki,
Vol 39, No 3, Sep 60, pp 622-826
Stability conditions are derived for a plasma possessing an aniso-
tropic particle velocity distribution and located in a cylindrically
symmetric magnetic field. Cases of longitudinal and azimuthal magnetic
fields are considered.
154. Plasma Oscillations
"Proper Oscillations of a Restricted Plasma," by D. A.
Frank-ICamenetskiy; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy I
Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3, Sep 60, pp 6699- 9
The general properties of cylindrical waves in a cold plasma are
considered. The results obtained are applied to the low frequency proper
oscillations of a plasma cylinder surrounded by conducting walls. The
conditions of magneto-acoustic resonances which ensure an effective pene-
tration of the oscillations into the plasma are derived. The nature of
the resonance phenomena depends on the linear density of the electrons.
Approximate formulas are presented for the proper fre' i;i:.rr.ncies of a long
plasma cylinder. It is shown that in the vicinity of the mean geometrical
value of the electron and-ion cyclotron frequencies, purely radial oscil-
lations are not feasible since even small angular deviations sharply
change the resonance frequency.
155. Resonance in Plasma
"Magneto-Acoustic Resonance in a Plasma," by A.P. Ashmatov,
P. I. Blinov, V. F. Bolotin, A. V. Borodin, P. P. Gavrin,
Ye. K. Zavooyskiy, I. A. Kovan,, M. N. Oganov, B. I.
Patrushev, Ye. V. Piskarev, V. D. Rusanov, G. Ye. Smolkin,
A. R. Stringanov, D. A. Frank-Kamenetskiy, P. A. Cheremnokh,
and R. V. Chikin; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy I
Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3, Sep 60,,pp 53 -544
The work is dedicated to an experimental study of vibrations of a
magneto-acoustic type in a cold plasma. It is shown that under certain
conditions; a high frequency electromagnetic field strongly penetrates
into the plasma with an attendant resonance absorption of energy of the
field. The results of investigation of'resonance at frequencies 12.5
and 50 me/s by various methods are described. The results are compared
with the theoretical predictions.
93
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
156. Plasma Flow
"Plasma Flow into Vacuum in Presence of a Magnetic Field,"
by R. V. Polovin, Physics-Mathematic Institute of the
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3. Sep 60,
pp 657-661
Hydromagnetic waves excited by disintegration of the boundary between
the plasma and vacuum are investigated. The boundary velocity.(escape
velocity) is determined. The amplitude of the electromagnetic wave
emitted during disintegration of the discontinuity is determined.
157. Plasma Decay
"Decay of a Plasmon at Absolute Zero," by Yu. A. Romanov,
Gorkiy Physico-Technical Institute; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 39, No 3,
Sep 60, pp 662-665
The decay of a plasmon in a solid body (isotropic model) due to
phonon interaction between the electrons is analyzed.
158. Beam Loss in a Phasotron
"Beam Loss at the Limiting Radius in a Phasotron," by V. P.
Dmitriyevskiy, B. I. Zamolodchikov, and V. V. Kol'ga;
Moscow, Atomnaya Energiyyaa, Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60, pp 303-305
A resonance interaction of radial and vertical oscillations near
n = 0.25 is analyzed. It is demonstrated that this resonance is much
more dangerous than parametric excitation of vertical oscillations, pro-
voked by the first harmonic in the structure of the magnetic field.
159. Effect of Leakage Fields on Focusing
"Effects of the Leakage Fields of a Sectional Magnet on
the Double Focusing of the Beam," by Yu. A. Kholmovskiy;
Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9, No 14 Oct 60, pp 301-303
The effect of the leakage field on the vertical focusing of charged
particles is studied. A computation method of sectional magnets with
double focusing is presented with an account of the leakage field.
- 94 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
160. Improved Alpha-Spectrometer
"Operation of a Ionization Alpha-Spectrometer at High
Loads," by A. A. Vorob'yev and V. A. Korolev; Moscow,
Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya,
Vol 24, No 9, Sep 60, pp 10 -1091
The improved ionization alpha spectrometer permits work in coinci-
dence with a gamma spectrometer. Spectrum tails disappear because the
most intense spectral lines do not coincide. The instrument provides a
possibility for measuring multipolarity and relative intensities of
corresponding gamma transitions and a possibility of studying alpha-gamma
angular correlations and hence identifications of levels. A method is
given for raising the permissible j.oad of the ionization chamber from a
threshold of 100 pulses/sec to 101. pulses/sec.
This spectrometer was used by the authors for studying the alpha
decay of U-235. (ibid., pp 1092-1098)
161. Magnetic Recorders
"Pulse Recording by a Magnetic Tape Recorder and by an
Automatic Self-Recording Potentiometer," by A. N.
Silant'yev, Radium Institute imeni Khlopin, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Moscow, Izvestiya Akadernii Nauk SSSR,
Seriya Fizicheskaya, Vol 24, No 9, Sep 60, pp 1165-1168
The equipment is intended for recording a pulse spectrum on a
magnetic tape recorder or on an automatic potentiometer. -The magnetic
tape recorder is used for measuring the emission of radioactive substances
of short half life where the use of a multichannel pulse analyzer is
impossible. The system described was developed for use with a magnetic
tape recorder of the type "Melody." The permissible load of the equipment
is determined by the characteristics of the head of the magnetic tape
recorder. The automatic potentiometer is used for recording the emission
of radioactive substances of low activity or in the case of coincidence
measurements. Both recorders may be used simultaneously.
- 95 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
162. Improved Magnetic Spectrometer
"A Magnetic Spectrometer With Double Focusing," by N. G.
Afanas'yev, Kharkov Physicotechnical Institute, Academy
of Sciences Ukrainian SSR; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii
Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheska a, Vol 2 , No 9, Sep 60,
PP 1157-11611.
A new method for obtaining an ideal horizontal focusing, securing
vertical focusing as well, is described. For decreasing the region 'of
action of the scattering field, particularly for its accurate determina-
tion, magnetic screens are used at the inlet and exit of the beam.
Formulas for computation of horizontal and vertical focusing, taking
into account the dispersed fields, are presented. Several magnetic
spectrometers based on this design have been constructed.
163. Design of a Homogeneous Boiling Water Reactor
"Neutron-Flux Distribution in a Homogeneous Boiling Water
Reactor," by B. Z. Torlin; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya,
Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60, pp 257-261
The design method of a boiling homogeneous reactor in which the
density of the medium varies with height is analyzed in age diffusion
approximation. For the case of a cylindrical reactor, the solution can
be reduced to elliptical integrals. It is demonstrated that if the
radius of the reactor much exceeds its height, the solution may be
expressed in elementary functions.
164. Design of a Reflector Reactor
"Effectiveness of a System of Rod Absorbers in a Reactor
Fitted With a Reflector," by V. I. Nosov; Moscow,
Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 9, No 4, Oct 60, pp 262-267
The conditions of criticality and distribution of neutron fluxes
for a homogeneous reactor on thermal neutrons with a!system of absorbing
rods are obtained in a two-group approximation. The rods are immersed the
whole depth of the reactor and are located around the circumference of
the active zone or around the radial reflector at equal distances from
each other. The results of computations are presented.
- 96 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
165. Poles Develop "Atomic" Lamp
"The First Polish Atomic Lamp Is Lit"; Budapest, Technika,
Vol IV, No 9, Sep 60, p 12
An atomic, or rather isotope, lamp has been developed by two young
Polish scientist?, Adam Kazmierski and Edmund Strychaiski. The lamp
recently demonstrated at the Institute of Nuclear Research in Warsaw,
has a container filled with a radioactive gas, Krypton 85. The inner
wall of the container is coated with luminophar particles which the energy
from the gas causes to shine. The light of the experimental lamp is
visible from a distance of 300 meters and can be made more powerful with
reflectors.
The lamp will shine at undiminished strength for 10 years and at
half strength for another 10 years. It has no harmful effect on humans
and can be used at sea or at great altitudes where regular lighting is
not feasible. However, the lamp is too costly to replace ordinary
lighting fixtures.
166. Establishment of the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Krakow
"Council of Ministers Resolution No 234"; Warsaw, Monitor
Polski, No 64,17 Aug 60, p 593
The Nuclear Physics Center in Krakow, is removed from the Institute
of Nuclear Research in Warsaw (organizationally subordinate to the Pleni-
potentiary of the Council for Uses of Nuclear Energy LRSWEJ7 and becomes
a scientific institute with. the name "Nuclear Physics Insti;ute;?.In Krakow."
The headquarters of the institute is in Krakow. It is subordinate
to the Plenipotentiary of the RSWEJ. The pattern for all the scientific
activity of. the institute is set by the Polish Academy of Sciences through
the Committee on Peaceful Use,of Nuclear Energy.
The task of the institute is to carry out scientific research work
in the field of nuclear physics.
Costs of maintaining the institute will be covered by the budget for
the Plenipotentiary of the RSWEJ. Workere of the institute will be' paid-
in accordance with the law on pay for workers employed by installations
subordinate to the Plenipotentiary of the RSWEJ.
- 97 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
Solid State Physics
167. Statistical Properties of the Electron System of Ferromagnetic
Transition Metals
"Statistical Properties of the Electron System of Ferro-
magnetic Transition Metals," by S. V. Vonsovskiy and
Yu. A. Izyumov, Institute of Metal Physics, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Sverdlovsk, Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye,
Vol 10, No 3, Sep 60, pp 321-33
By the application of the method of retarding and advancing Green
functions proposed by N. N. Bogolyubov and Yu. -A. Izyumov, the statistical
properties of the electron systems of ferrogmagnetic transition and
rare-earth metals were investigated. It was shown that the system of
interacting conductivity electrons and electrons belonging to inner
localized incomplete and spin-unsaturated layers of shells of ions in
crystals of transitional group elements has two types of elementary
excitations, those of the Fermi type (conductivity electrons) and those
of the Bose type (spin waves). It was established that two Bose branches
exist. At a zero quasipulse of energy, one of the branches has an energy
equal to zero, while the other branch has an energy of an order corre-
sponding to exchange interaction between conductivity electrons and
electrons of the inner layers. It was shown that this situation on the
whole is preserved during the whole temperature range of the existence of
the ferromagnetic state. The frequency of the damping of spin waves that
is due to collisions with conductivity electrons has been determined.
- 98 -
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9
168. Yugoslav Industrial Research Centers Denied Privileges of Independent
Research Organizations
"An Unsatisfactory Recommendation" (unsigned article);
Belgrade, Fkononska Politika, Vol 9, No 444, 1 Oct 60,
pp 928-929
The recent Law on the Method of Financing Scientific Institutions''
grants scientific institutions many financial privileges. For example,
they do not pay.taxes on their fixed or working capital or on their real
estate, they set their own amortization tax, etc. However, these privi-
leges do not apply to similar organizations in industrial enterprises.
Developmental laboratories, institutes, and other scientific research,
organizations in industrial enterprises are treated the same as the other
parts of the enterprises.
Recently the Federal Chamber of Industry advised industrial enter-
prises to establish developmental and research bureaus, centers, depart-
ments, and other organizations for the application of scientific and
technical achievements to industrial production processes. These organi-
zations would introduce modern technology, automation,. electronics,
nuclear engineering, and mechanization and would work on the development
and production of modern technical equipment, tools.,* and their parts.
The enterprises were advised to take advantage of the . possibilities?of
obtaining credits from various sources such as the Savezni Fond za Naucni
Rad (Federal Fund for Scientific Work), the Opsti' Investiciorii Fond;
(General Investment Fund), and the Savezni Zavod za Naucni Red (Federal
Institution for Scientific Work), which last finances certain projects
of national importance.
Industrial enterprises are permitted to found independent scientific
research organizations which are bound by contract to work primarily for
the benefit of the founding enterprises. However, in modern industry
scientific research is an integral part of, and one of the most important
factors in,'the improvement of technological processes. This work should
not be separated from the work' of the, enterprise.
- 99 - UscoMM-DC_61273
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100680001-9