SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100360001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 101
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 31, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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PB 131891 T-27
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCIENTIFIC
INFORMATION REPORT
31 July 1959
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
Issued semi-monthly. Annual subscription $28.00 ($4 additional for
foreign mailing). Single copy $2.75.
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Use of funds for printing this pubiicarion approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1938.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted
from recently received publications of the USSR, Eastern
Europe, and China. The information selected is intended
to indicated current scientific development and activities
in the USSR, in the Sino-Soviet Orbit countries, and in
Yugoslavia, and is disseminated as an aid to United States
Government research.
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT
Table of Contents
Page
Biology
Chemistry
1
Fuels and Propellants
3
Geochemistry
)4.
Industrial Chemistry
5
Inorganic Chemistry
8
Insecticides
15
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction
Materials
17
19
Organic Chemistry
24+
Organometaliic Compounds
Radiochemistr
29
y
29
III.
Miscellaneous
Electronics
30
Communications
31
Components
31
31
Instruments and Equipment
Materials
33
Patents
37
IV.
Engineering
37
V.
Mathematics
39
43
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Bacteriology
Chemical, Biological, and Radiological
Warfare
Epidemiology
Immunology and Therapy
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Physiology
Public Health, Hygiene, and Sanitation
Radiology
Surgery
Veterinary Medicine
VII. Metallurgy
VIII. Physics
Atomic and Molecular Physics
Nuclear Physics
Plasma Physics
Solid State Physics
Theoretical Physics
IX. Miscellaneous
Page
75
81
81
82
87
89
92
95
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1. Bactericidal Action of Plant Leaves
"Bactericidal Effect of the Leaves of Certain Plants on
Staphylococci and Bacillus coli," by L. N. Savchuk, Sb.
stud. rabot (Collection of Student's Works), No 4, 103-
hr l0 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal--Biologiya, No 9, 10 May
CPYRGHT59' Abstract No 42135, by M. I. Nakhimovskaya)
"Leaves of different plants were covered with suspensions of Sta-
phylococci and Bacillus cola cells at different periods of time, and
then pressed on agar. The Staphylococci cells on the leaves of coriander
were killed within 6 hours; on the leaves of walnut, wormwood, and hemp
-- within 8 hours; on the leaves of peach, dahlia, potato, and raspberry
plants -- within 10 hours; on the leaves of apricot, tomato, and chty-
santhemum plants -- within 12 hours; on the leaves of cherry, grape, and
petunia plants -- within 15 hours; on the leaves of plum trees -- within
18 hours. The Bacillus cola cells on the leaves of wormwood were killed
within 8 hours; on the leaves of wninut, coriander, potato, and hemp
plants -- within 10 hours; on the leaves of peach, dahlia, and tomato
plants -- within 12 hours; on the leaves of cherry, petunia, and apricot,
and raspberry plants -- within 15 hours; and on the leaves of grape,
plum, and chrysanthemum plants -- within 13 hours. The extract of
wormwood possesses the greatest bactericidal action; the extract of
dahlia -- the least."
2. Bactericidal Plant Leaves
"Bactericidal Action of tfle Leaves of Some Spermatophyta,"
by A. Toshkov and G. Sheykova, Tr. Respubl. n-i, in-t epi-
demiol. i mikrobiol. (Works of the Republican Scientific-
Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Bul-
garia), 1956, 3, 195-198 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal --
Biolo i No 9, 10 May 59, Abstract No 42163, By K. I.
CPYRGHlraganov
"The leaves of Begonium, Belargonium zonalae, and Impatiens sultanili
were covered on both sides with suspensions of different microbes (Staphy-
lococcus aureus, Bacillus cola, Salmonella typhi, and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis BCG strain); sometime later, at different periods of time
(to 120 hours), the agar surface was smeared with sections of the leaves.
On fresh leaves, the number of microorganisms sharply decreased within
24 to 48 hours, while on the withered leaves, microbes were found even
after 120 hours had elapsed. The bactericidal effect of the leaves was
particularly strong during the period of florescence. The bactericidal
effect of the leaves was considerably reduced when kept in storage.
Paste and aqueous extracts of fresh leaves also display bactericidal
properties.'
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3. Natural Radioactivity of Mosses and Lichens
"On the Natural Radioactivity of Mosses and Lichens," by
D. M. Grodzins'kyy, Ukrainian Scientific Research Insti-
tute of Plant Physiology; Kiev, Ukra ins'kyy Botanichny,~
Zhurnal, Vol XVI, No 2, 1959, pp 3038
CPYRGH-phe author presents the following summary of his work:
"The investigation of the role of natural radioactivity in biologi-
cal processes is one of the most important tasks of present-day radio-
biology. As a result of the study of the beta-ray activity of over 300
plant species, it was found that the lower plants ordinarily accumulate
more radioactive substances than angiospermous plants. On comparing the
average data obtained on measuring the beta-activity of a great number
of species of various classes of plants, it was found that plants may be
placed in the following order of increasing radioactivity: angiosperms,
gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes, and lichens. Mosses and lichens
are typified by a particularly high radioactivity. Many species of these
groups accumulate ten times as much radioactive substances as the angio-
spermous plants. In addition, the radioactivity of mosses and lichens is
of a different origin than that of the angiosperms, being connected with
the accumulation of heavy radioactive elements and not of potassium,
which accounts for only 2-5% of the total beta-activity. The selective
character of the radioactive accumulation is distinctly manifested.
Mosses and lichens are concentrators of uranium and other radioactive
elements of radioactive families of the thorium, uranium and uranium-
actinium series.
"On the basis of established facts that considerable concentration
of radioactive substances is found in cryptogamous plants, it may be
inferred that the radioactive phenomena which are essential for certain
physiological and biochemical processes are more typical for primitive
ancient plant forms, which developed during the period when the radio-
activity of the earth's crust was considerably higher than it has been
in the modern epoch."
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II. CHEMISTRY
Fuels and Propellants
4. Thermal Decomposition of Perchioric Acid
"Thermal Decomposition of Aqueous Solutions of Perchioric
Acid," by A. B. Tsentsiper; Moscow, Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy
Khimii, Vol 1i., No 5, May 59, pp 1086-7091
The kinetics of the evolution of oxygen in the thermal decomposi-
tion of aqueous solutions of perchloric acid (at concentrations of from
83 to 98%) in the temperature range below 96? were investigated.
The decomposition of 83% perchloric acid was also investigated at
higher temperatures up to 145?. It was established that the type of
decomposition of the acid does not depend on the initial concentration.
One may assume that the decomposition proceeds by a chain mechanism
with degenerate branching. The activation energy of the decomposition
of perchloric acid of the concentrations indicated was determined and
found to be equal to 22,560 calories per mol. It is assumed that in
the temperature range investigated, only that part of the acid decom-
poses which is in the pseudo-form OHC103. Under the conditions investi-
gated, hydrated acid is stable for all practical purposes.
5. Purification of Oxygen From Methane and Other Hydrocarbons
"Catalytic Combustion of Small Quantities of Methane in
Oxygen," by L. I. Kazarnovskaya, Candidate of Chemical
Sciences, and N. M. Dykhno, Candidate of Chemical Sciences;
Moscow, Kislorod, Vol 12, No 2, Mar/Apr 59, pp 28-33
In connection with the industrial separation of krypton from air,
accumulation of hydrocarbons, small quantities of which are always cony
tained in the air of industrial regions, takes place together with the
enrichment of oxygen with krypton. To eliminate the hydrocarbons from
the original krypton concentrate, which consists of oxygen containing
about 0.1% of krypton, the hydrocarbons are subjected to combustion with
oxygen. Because methane is the hydrocarbon which oxidizes with the
greatest difficulty, ethane, acetylene, and other hydrocarbons accompany-
ing it will also be oxidized when methane undergoes complete oxidation.
The experiments described show that combustion of small quantities of
methane in oxygen can best be carried out when Nikopol'sk manganese ore
containing silver as a promoter is used as a catalyst.
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Geochemistry
7. Possibilities of Recovering Rhenium From Dzhezkazgan Copper Ores
"The Content of Rhenium in the Copper Ores of Dzhezkazgan,"
by T. A. Satpayeva, S. K. Kalinin, and E. Ye. Fayn; Alma-
Ata, Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, Vol 15, No 5
(170), 1959, pp 52-59
Investigations in 1956-1958 on the composition of Dzhezkazgan copper
ores in Kazakhstan indicate that these ores contain a relatively large
quantity of rhenium. Typical figures 'btained by analyzing samples at
ore-enrichment plants in that region are tabulated below:
Rhenium Content
(in %)
Sulfide copper ore
Copper concentrate
Lead concentrate
Tailings of enrichment plant
Matte ("shteyn" )
Dumping slag
Ash of reverberatory furnaces
Dust from walls of the flue of
reverberatory furnaces next to
the stack
Crude copper
Converter dust from chambers
Converter dust carried over into stack
0.0004-0.0005
Approximately 0.004
of
0.0001-0.00015
0.0025
Approximately 0.002
0.0004
Approximately 0.002
Approximately 0.005-
0.01
none
Approximately 0.008
Approximately 0.02
On the basis of the results obtained in the investigation described,
it is concluded that Dzhezkazgan copper ores represent an important source
of rhenium. Development of technological procedures for the complete
recovery of this rhenium is recommended. On the basis of geochemical data
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reviewed in the article, the conclusion is made that rhenium occurs much
more commonly in nature than has been assumed hitherto. It is proposed
that more thorough investigations be conducted on the content of rhenium
in diverse minerals and ores by subjecting them to spectral analysis ac-
cording to a method described. Particular attention in these investiga-
tions should be paid to ores of copper deposits and polymetal deposits.
6. Purification of Oxygen From Acetylene and Carbon Dioxide
"Purification of Air From Acetylene and Carbon Dioxide
by Adsorption at Installations Producing Technical Gaseous
and Liquid Oxygen," by Prof I. P. Ishkin, Doctor of Tech-
nical Sciences, and Engineer N. F. Katina; Moscow, Kis lorod,
Vol 12, No 2, Mar/Apr 1959, PP 37-38
A method for the simultaneous adsorption of acetylene and carbon
dioxide from air at low temperatures and a pressure of 5.5 atmospheres
absolute is described. KSM silicagel in lumps was found to be the best
adsorbent for the purpose.
Industrial Chemistry
8. Work on the Modification of Cellulose
"Cellulose Also Has a Great Future," by Prof Z. Rogovin,
Head of the Chair of Synthetic Fibers, Moscow Textile
Institute; Moscow Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
Vol 4, No 33 (523 , 24 Jun 59) P .
Cotton can be made as crease-resistant and as easy to launder as
capron. Fishing nets consisting of linen or hemp fibers may be made as
resistant to the action of water as khlorin [polyperchlo:covinyl] nets.
A viscose tire cord has been developed which is almost as strong as
capron cord. By improving cellulose, which is much cheaper than syn-
thetic fibers, materials having many of the advantageous characteristics
of synthetic fibers can be developed. Work on the improvement of cellu-
lose by modifying this natural fiber appropriately is being done by the
Combined (Complex) Laboratory of Cellulose and Synthetic Fibers at the
Moscow Textile Institute.
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Experimental work on the introduction of amino-groups into cellu'L czse
was done at this laboratory. Cellulose fibers modified by the irAtroducl-
tion of amino-groups acquire superior dyeing properties.. On the basis of
cellulose containing amino-groups, it will presumably be 1:'ossi le to
synthesi-.e naturally occurring high-polymer antibiotics.
The work that is being done on the introduction of amity.-g oups
also has another purpose, namely that of grafting polyamides onto cellu-
lose. Some success has already been achieved in the work in question:
capron has been grafted to the cellulose molecule. The hybridized
cellulose-capron polymer combines the desirable characteristics of both
fiber materials. In addition to that, the new cellulose-carpron fiber
has the advantage of being cheap.
The nitrile groups contained in the synthetic fiber nitron [orlon]
make this fiber exceptionally resistant to the action of light. At the
Moscow Textile Institute nitrile groups have been introduced into cellu-
lose. It is hoped that the cellulose containing nitrile groups will
also exhibit fastness to light.
At present 'work has been begun at the Moscow Textile Institute on
the synthesis of polyester-cellulose fibers. It is expected that these
fibers will have the properties of the synthetic polyester fiber lavsan
[dacrcn], with respect to permanent retention of creases thathave been
Dressed into fabrics made of them.
CPYRGHT
Alginlic acid., which is contained in sea weeds and has a c,.x~ositic+L,
resembling that of cellulose, is not a very good material for the ir:.)duc--
tion of fibers: the fibers made of it proved to be -weak. However, if
reactive groups of some kind or polyamides are introduced into a?ginic
acid, the tensile strength of fibers derived from it may be inc;7eased.
Sea weeds will then become a valuable raw material for the ~oroductiol
of fibers and other polymer materials.
Modified cellulose fibers will not replace synthetic fi:-ers: they
will merely supplement them.
9. Publication of a New USSR Periodical or. Plastics Announced
"Plasticheskiye Massy," [Plastics]; leaflet published by
Coskhimlzdat, Moscow, 6 Apr 59, 2 pp
' Subscriptions are accepted for the Periodical
sls.stic:~iNflci"ppe i Nss?//.
an organ of the State Committee on Chemistry at the Cuaricil. of Ministers
USSR. Publication. will start in 1.959. Begir:ying with. Ju ;:-,, f' ur issues
of the periodical will be published ir, 1959. A:.1 issue will crz:sist of
ten standard printed sheets. The subscription fo:L e rcnths is 32
rubles. The price of an individual issue is 8 rubles.
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"The periodical Plasticheskiye Massy will outline the principal
trends in the development of the industry producing plastics, polymers,
and raw materials consisting of polymers, as well as problems pertaining
to the application of plastics in different fields of the national econ-
omy. This periodical will publish articles dealing with new kinds of
plastics and polymer materials (for instance, a special division of the
periodical will be devoted to organosilicon polymers), methods of their
conversion into finished articles, improvement of technological processes
automation and mechanization of technological processes, production
equipment, and equipment for the testing of plastics, synthetic resins,
and articles made of them. Major attention will be paid to problems
involved in the improvement of the quality of production, introduction
of advanced technology, exchange of experience acquired in production,
rationalization and new inventions, improvement of the productivity of
labor, lowering of costs, improvement of working conditions, and safety
measures.
"The periodical will publish articles on technical and economic
subjects, describe experience acquired in the operation of plants, and
report on work in the field of plastics done at scientific research
institutes end higher educational institutions.
"The journal will also publish discussions on timely problems in
the field of the physics, chemistry, and technology of polymer materials
and plastics. The division of bibliograpI will contain reviews and
brief notices concerning articles and books dealing with high polymers
and plastics.
"Brief notices in regard to the most important new research, tech-
nical achievements, and economics of the production of plastics in
foreign countries will also be published.
"The periodical will serve the needs of engineering and technical
personnel and skilled workers occupied at plants producing plastics,
workers at scientific research institutes and planning and design [proj-.
ect] institutes, professors, instructors, and students at higher educa-
tional institutions and technical schools, and also engineers and tech-
nicians working in the chemical, petrochemical, machine building,
aviation, shipbuilding, automobile, construction, and other industries."
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10. A Continuous Chromathermographic Method to Control Industrial
Production of Technical Krypton
"Determination of the'Content of Krypton and Xenon," by
Ye. V. Vagin, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, and S. S.
Petukhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences: Moscow,
Kislorod, Vol 12, No 2, Mar/Apr 59, pp 33-36
A chromathermographic method for the continuous determination of
krypton and xenon in the first krypton concentrate is described. The
method was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of
Oxygen Equipment Building (VNIIKIMASh). Equipment for the determination
of krypton according to the method described is now being produced indus-
trially.
Inorganic Chemistry
11. USSR Developments in Inorganic Chemistry in Connection With the
Current Seven-Year Plan
"Tasks of Soviet Inorganic Chemistry in Connection With the
Decisions of the 21st Congress CPSU," by V. I. Spitsyn;
Moscow, Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 4, No 6, Jun 59,
pp 1227-1232
The 1959-1965 Seven-Year Plan provides for a considerable increase
in the production of rare metals, semiconductor materials and ferromag-
netics, and corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant metals. Expansion
of the applications of nuclear energy and construction of a number of
nuclear energy electric power plants set new tasks to inorganic chemis-
try. These tasks involve the production of special materials to be used
in nuclear technology, the development of improved methods for the separa-
tion of elements present in microconcentrations, and participation of
inorganic chemists in work on the application of radioactive isotopes.
In outlining the principal directions along which Soviet science will
develop, N. S. Khrushchev enumerated in his report to the 21st Congress
of the CPSU the following aims that are to be attained: mastery of con-
trolled thermonuclear reactions; extensive application of nuclear energy
for power generation as motive power in transportation; expansion of the
use in the national economy of synthetic materials, products of nuclear
fission, and radioactive isotopes; solution of problems involved in many-
sided mechanization and automation of production processes and creation
for this purpose of new technical means based on the extensive applica-
tion of the latest achievements of physics, radioelectronics, and com-
puter techniques. Notwithstanding the fact that the developments enum-
erated are primarily in the fields of physics and engineering, inorganic
-8-
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chemistry must play an important role in many of them. This applies
to the development of new synthetic materials, thri manufacture of heat-
resistant products, the conversion of nuclear fuel, and the separation
of radioactive isotopes.
Research on inorganic polymers is of primary importance from the
standpoint of the developments foreseen. Organic polymers are being
applied extensively at present and possess many useful properties.
However, they have an important shortcoming, i.e., a low resistance to
heat. Even the most stable product of this type, i.e. teflon (polytetra-
fluoroethylene), is stable only up to the temperature of 3000 and begins
to decompose at 3900. Plastic polymers of inorganic origin ought to
exhibit a higher thermal stability. Unfortunately, they have not been
investigated to a sufficient extent as yet. One may mention in connec-
tion with this that phosphonitryl chloride, NPC12, polymerizes at 250-3500,
forming inorganic rubber. Derivatives of boron hydride, e.g., aminoborlne
(BH2HN2), are also capable of polymerization. High-polymer derivatives
of boron require the most thorough investigation. There can be no doubt
that new inorganic compounds will be found which may serve as starting
materials for the production of polymers. A short time ago, it was pos-
sible to produce even elemental carbon in the form of flexible filaments
which are suitable for the weaving of fabrics and the production of ad-
sorbents of superior quality. It is very likely that the material in
question is related to high polymers.
Because of the ample facilities available in the USSR for research
in inorganic chemistry, work in this field can be conducted on an exten-
sive scale. Particular attention should be paid to the development of
the chemistry of nonmetals, particularly silicon, phosphorus, sulfur,
and the halogens.
Rare elements are being introduced into technology at an increasingly
rapid rate. During recent years, the production of pure metallic vanadium
was organized. Aviation technology and the chemical industry require
large quantities of metallic titanium. Zirconium that has been freed of
hafnium has become indispensable in the construction of nuclear reactors.
Pure and ultra-pure metals and also oxides and other compounds of
rare elements are acquiring increasing importance for applications as
semiconductors and other uses for which they become suitable by reason
of the new physical and chemical characteristics acquired by them as a
result of the elimination of impurities.
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For many yearn to come inorganic ncamis try will be faced with t.hn
taint of expanding the t.nventigati,on or rare elemcntu and th(.'i.r r;lloys
and compounds. c:;onuideruble attention must be paid to developing;
the chrrniatry of zirconium and hafnium and also to investigating the
properties of compounds formed by individual rare-earth elements. Of
great importance lo the application of rare-earth elements for the syn-
thesis of new or little-known semiconductor compounds, i.e., sulfides,
uelenidou, tellurides, lower oxides, etc. The scientific aspects or
new methods for the extraction of rare elements from raw materials and
processes for the production of rare metals in a state of exceptionally
high purity must be investigated. In this work, tachnologicrl methods
which are most advantageous from the economic standpoint must be found.
Research on the chemistry of rare elements must be conducted in close
contact with physicists and technologists, no that now and valuable ap-
plications for the substances synthesized can be found in the shortest
possible time.
Within the next few years it will be necessary to expand work on
the synthesis of new molecular and complex compounds. During a long
time, the principal objects of investigation in work on the synthesis
of complex compounds were chromium, cobalt, the platinum metals, and a
few other elements. One must expand this range of elements and use as
complex-Formers ouch elements as boron, aluminum, silicon, titanium,
zirconium, phosphorus, vanadium, sulfur, the halogens, and other
elements. The synthesis of new heteropolycompoundc constitutes a new
and very important field of research. Within the same range of investi-
gation are problems of the synthesis of two-component, three- component,
and multicomponent complex salts and also of molecular compounds with a
great number of components. The synthesis of compounds of the types
indicated is of considerable interest from the standpoint of determining
the limits of the action exerted by the residual chemical agent and of
elucidating laws which govern the structure of complex substances of this
type. Work in the field of the chemistry of complex compounds will un-
doubtedly also yield results that are valuable from the practical stand-
point, particularly in furnishing new means for the separation o+' rare
elements and also of common elements.
In discussing the possibilities of inorganic synthesis, one must
not underestimate work on the preparation of new two-component substances
of the type of borides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides, oxides,
etc.
Many substances of this class have great importance from the stand-
point of their application as materials of great hardness or as materials
exhibiting a high resistance to heat. Others are interesting from .he
standpoint of structure and of the type of chemical bonding. The highest
melting substances known at present belong to this class. These substances
are the tantalum carbide TaC (melting point 3,880'3) and a solid solution
consisting of tantalum and hafnium carbides melting point 3,9500). Both
of these materials were prepared synthetically.
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Experimental techniques applied in inorganic synt.heslc require some
improvement,, For Instance, the great to jori ty of nrientific research
laborritorien ran curry out, processes in vacuum, but. many or them are not
equipped to apply high, and nuperhigh pressures. Because of the important
role which the application of h1eh pressure has played in the production
or synthetic ammonia and other nitrogen compounds, or synthetic. liquid
fuel, or a number or plastics, and of other nubnthnces, one must expand
the use or high pressures in inorganic nynthenis. Important results
have been obtained in investigations of the effect or high pressures
on complex compounds. It is necessary to make high-pressure techniques
generally accessible for the purposes of inorganic synthesis.
It in necessary to develop by every possible means experimental
work at high temperatures (up to 3000? C).
One must remember that progress in the synthesis of new heat-resistmt,
high-melting, and hard materials depends on the development of suitable
equipment, which will make it. possible to attain high temperatures and
measure them. Tin field of research in of exceptional interest to In-
organic chemists from the theoretical standpoint. The most valuable re-
sults can be expected from work in which both high temperatures and high
pressuren are used. The oynthenin of diamonds is a typical example or
results that may be expected in this field. It in not out of the ques-
t.ion that now materials which are harder than diamonds can be obtained
under such condi'ions.
On the other hand, one must develop methods of synthesis ai, low
temperatures, using liquid gases such an nitrogen, hydrogen, and perhaps
helium an cooling agents. One must also point out that the successes
achieved as the result of applying liquid ammonia for the synthesis of
many new compounds suggests that a search for other active reagents be
made among liquefied gases.
One must apply various methods of activating atoms In proeesoeo of
inorganic synthesis by applying, nuclear radiation, conducting reactions
In fields produced by an electric dinchargeo or magnetic fields, or ex-
posing the reacting substances to the effect of ultrasound. The appli-
cation of electrochemical methods for the production of new inorganic
substances must be expanded considerably.
Many scientific problems must be solved in the field of inorganic
technolo&y. ,fi production of oynthetic ammonia was formerly based on
hydrrgen from watei n or coke gas. At present naturally occurring
meti.ane and by-product gases of the petroleum converting industry have
become the principal raw material: for hydrogen used in the synthesis
of ammonia. A considerable amount of research must be done in connec-
tion with thin development.
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or great. .tmportenc_e is further work on the rcldlation met.hod of
dlrert nf?.rogen oxidation to produce n1f.r1c acid.
In the field or sulfuric acid ter.hnolopy, the most important task
is organization or the production or sulfuric acid froth hydrogen guiffde
obtained In connection with the refining of petroleum awl the conversion
or coal. Work must GIno be done on the product.itn or sulruriv acid from
various industrial by-p.oduct jmgea which contain sulfur dioxide in low
concentrations.
It fie necessary to organise the separation of rare-earth elements in
connection with the conversion of &pntite by the sulfuric acid method,
The feasibility or separating these elements from the economic: standpoint
has already been demonstrated in connection with the nitric acid method
of conversion.
Complex problems must be solved In connection with the development
of the production of inorganic salts. One must ourvey ar.d investigate
from the phynteochemical standpoint depoatt;n of potAasi:,m, tsa-pneaium,
boraten, and other snlto in the east and southeast or the US Ii. Exten-
sive research will have to be done on tho canny-sided utii:ution of
potassium-magnesium salts, borateo, and phosphates of the southern Ural
and Caucasus regions, of the sulfate-soda raw materials derived from the
lakes of Western Siberia, and or the potassium snits :f Zac:uneia and
other regions of the USSR In which these salts ocr.ur. Trere area number
of unsolved problems in connection with the utilitatloz. or the inorganic
salts of Kara-Dogs: -Gol, specifically in connection with the extraction
of boron, lithium, and other rare elements.
(SIR Note: In nprnking of the production of ''lcxible ri inmwato
consisting or elemental carbon, the author presub, had I:. mind a
process for the graphitir.ation of textile fibers, e.g., ray:n: see
Science Neva Letter, Vol 75, No 19, 9 P4ty 59, 1, 296.1
12. Metal Indicator Method to Doterm1ne Stability of Ct;.- l#k!a
"A Metr.1 Indicator Method for the Determination of t1.e
Stability or Complexes," by A. K. Dabko (Kiev State Uaiver-
city imeni T. C. Shevchenkoj; Moscow, Zhurnal Neargraniche-
nkoy Khimii, Vol )i, No 5, May 59, pp 1055-1059
A metal indicator method to proposed to det.cnnit:r: the stability
of complexes formed by different metal ions with the cane additive.
Indicator oyster: are Woad in ::hick the opt Ica . density changes revers-
ibly depending on the concentration of the additive A. To n system of
thin type containingIl known quantity of A meciiurnbie 1un-titien or ions
of the metals M , M , .......... W' are added. When equal optical
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errpr to are pro'lur:e(l, the interrel.at.tor.Ai ii-
(141 l : (MI,) : .......... (Us) 2 KJriA Y rA : KWIA
in valid, where K are the dtagocintion c,~natants or. the correai.Onding
complexes. Prom the ratio of volun of solution MI, Mt' used to
achieve equal optical effects, one can fin] the relative poaitio:r of the
tnetala In question Ina sequence Indicating the stability or ~crttplexef4.
In some canes a simple calculation of the numerical vaiueg or K to pos.
gable when the dissociation coyatant trf no tore that one ro;?lex to known.
In other cases even thin condition dogs not have?to be fulfilled: onb
can calculate K from the dissociation Constant of the acid ItnA and
variables depending on experimental conditions. Th8 general conditions
are considered under which the method described ca.% be Applied.
13. tnbt li ty or >=1ur~ride Ct~t:titlexcn
"An Investigation of the 3tabilit-y or Kluuride Gomlexcg of
Gome Metals," by A. K. tnbko and L. G. Sh.i:t dituv, Kiev State
University Imeni T. G. Shevchenko; Moscow, Zhurnnl UeurFnnis
chenkoy Khim1 i, Vol ii, No , ''taY 59, PP 166J- -
The metal indicator ayntema reP -- GCIr and TIN -- ILaC.p were used
to determine the relative stability or fluoride conrplexan. On the boat
of the results obtained, it wan established t;utt, the Iona invectJg ted
can be nrranged In the following sequence an far an the stability or the
simplest fluoride complexes of the type Wtt+ formed by them in concerned:
Fe3#
2rtq (itf) ,fit,. - Ln34 > trbV TO > A134' - Gn1V DL,24
D02 Ca34 T.1 ' (In3f, rein
sio,)
The approxiar:_+te values of dissociation conntnts were calrulnted for
soma complexes. These values were found to be in catiefas terry agreement
with data published in this literature.
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if,.
Sitrabilit. or fluoriila_ ro l.exos Ph sacks to r'oniti,iii or Central
Loma in eriodic t] st,Am of 1.5mpntn
"The Connection be-tveen the Stability or Fluoride Cumplexes
and the Position or the Central Atoms of These Complexbn in
the Periodic Cyetem of Memento," by A. K. lhbkd (Kiev "tAte
University iment T. C. thevchenko J; Mr cov, 7.huirnal he?rjA:+i -
choakoy Khimi 1, Vol i,, No 5, May 59, pp 1OG7-1069
The dependence between the stability of fluoride complexes In
aqueous solutions and the position of the central atoms cf these com-
plexes in the periodic system of elements to considered and represented
graphically, Generally speaking, the stability of fluoride complexeo
increases an the radius of Iona decreases and the charge of these Iona
increases. However, thin correlation is complicated by the competing
influence of the bond between the central ion and the oxvgon ion. The
fluoride complex of zirconium to the most stable. As far an elements
of the large periods are concerned, tons which have an electron shell
of the noble gas type form conaidozttbly more stable complexes.
15. Heat Content and Heat Cnpaclty of Lithium Chloride at high Temperatures
"The Heat Content and Heat Capacity of Lithium Chloride at
High Tetsiperaturee," by E. N. Podigina, K. Z. Comt-l' ekiy,
and V. F. Luginina, Sverdlovsk Affiliate, Ail-Uni&n Sci..
entific Research Institute of Metrology Imeni V. I. Mende
Moscow, Zhurnal Noorganichenkoy Khimii, Vol 4, Na 5, M&r 39,
PP 975-973
Experimental data were obtained on the heat rnntmrt 'nd heat
capacity of lithium chloride in the temperature range of 94-r?02''. On
the basis of those data, equations are proposed for the heat content
and heat capacity of lithium chloride in the solid and 1:quid states.
The latent heat of fusion and the entropy of melting wore determined
and found to be equal to 4.67 ? 0.05 kilocalories 'im . and 5.29 t 0.05
calories/mol degree, respectively.
The melting point van found to be equal to 610 ? Ill.
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Inopeticidee
16, New Ineen_.t, flepel.lento being Tested
"New Nep~,llents," by I. V. Zil'bermints, Candidate of Pio-
logical f3ciencoo; Moncow, Nauka I Zhizn', No 3, Mar 1959,
pp 66-6'r
The moot widely used repellent for protection against insects is
dime thylphthalate. however, it has several drawbacks. Ito effective
action lasts no more than 4-5 hours at lower temperatures and only an
hour at higher temperatures. One must be careful not toe-Wee the eyes
or the mucous membrane of the none or mouth to it. It is also easily
washed 3ut of impregnated clothing by laundering.
Professor A. N. Kont, chemist at Moscow State University, and
Docent Ye. Kh. Zolotarev, entomologist of the biology-soil faculty,
have synthesized and tested some new more-effective repellents. The
two most effective, of the more than 200 synthesized, are acetylte-
trahydroquinoline and formyltetrahydroquinoliae. According to their
properties of pungency and length of effectiveness, they are 5-6 times
more effective than dimethylphthalate. The strong repelling action of
those preparations permits them to be used for protection ogainet dip-
tern and such dangerous arthropods an Ixoden ticks -?? rectors of spring-
summer encephalitis.
The new repellents have been named "Kyuzol" and are being used
to impregnate clothing. Clothing ao impregnated has offered complete
protection against diptera for 6 weeks and do,-.s not lone its properties
when laundered.
17. Synthesis of Several Candidate Organophoephorue Insecticides
"Concerning the Interaction of Dialkylphoephorous Acids With
Aldo!hydes nd Ketones. XIX. Di-l-trichioromethyl-cyclopentyl-
1 esters of alpha-Hydroxyalkylphoophic Acidd," by V. S- Abramov
and V. K. Khayrullin, Kazan Chemicotechnological Institute;
Leningrad, Zhuraal Obehehey Kbimii, Vol 29, No 4, Apr 59,
pp 1222-1225
The authors found that di-l-trichloremethylcyclopentyl-l-phosphorous
acid reacts with aldehydes and ketones without a catalyst at room tempera-
ture (the reaction is accelerated on gradwL1 h_ee*ing to 5Q_600 C, yield-
ing as conde?'Ztion products di-l-trichloronethyleyclopentvl eaters of
substitutes. alpha-hydroxymethylphosphini.c acids.
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A total of ten new riite'rti yr?ro synth >.rocompo,:nds
have p=a:ti.cal inY-:rest as wed ki1'1 CH,, - ISM (OR) .
CaCH3 2
The total yield of both products usually amounts to 75-80%.
The reaction between ketene and dialkylthiophosphorous acids pro-
ceeds analogously. The yields of acatoxyvinylthiophosphiri: esters are
less in these reactions than in the reactions with dialkylphosphorous
acids and amounted to 40-60%. The reactions proceed according to the
equations:
OH S
CH2:C:O+HSP(OR)2 CH2=C - ~(OR)2 CHI=C=O
S
CH2 - POR)2.
OCH
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Orgnnrnnetallic Cnmj xi4n
3L. Organoberyllium Compoundn
"Beryllium -Oarganic Compounds," by A. V. Novooolova, K, N.
Uoiononko, and N. Ya. Turove, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry,
Moscow State University; Moscow, Vo tnik Monkovskogo Uni-
vorniteta -- Ceri Matomatiki Me Mnnik ntronomii,
_, o , No , Nov/Doc 50, pp 139-147
Non-USSR work on organoberyllium eompoundo is reviewed briefly.
It is pointed out that organoberyl.lium compounds are used for the pro-
duction of pure metallic beryllium (by electrolytic reduction to
metallic beryllium; of G. Wood and A. Brenner, Journal of the.Zlectro-
chemical Society, Vol 104, 1957, p 29). They are also used as acti-
vators of the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons (cf K. Ziegler's
work). The preparation of beryllium-boron double hydrides and Wittig's
work on the preparation of lithium-beryllium organometallic compounds
are described.
Radiochemistry
37. Use of Radioactive Isotopes to Prevent Fouling in Sea-Water
"Application of Radioactive Isotopes to Prevent Fouling in Sea-
Water," by N. A. Dolgopol'ekaya, L. A. Il'in, I. A. Puzanov,
and V. A. Tsenev; Moscow, Atamnaya Energiya, Vol 6, Jun 59,
pp 6'r4-676
On the basis of experiments carried out with Y91 it is concluded
that a surface activity of 0.05 microcuries per square centimeter
prevents fouling of plates immersed in sea-water. On the other hand,
low activities of the order of 3 x 10-3 microcuries per square centimeter
were found to stimulate the growth of organisms deposited on the plates.
Glass plates were used in the experiments described.. The uthors sug-
gest that isotopes with a longer half-life than that of Y9~ beo4used f9r
the actV9.1 formulation of anti-fouling compounds and give T1204, Ru10t' -Rho,,
and Ce 1+`4+ Pr144 as examples of such isotopes.
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14ta i1.nnr.ot10
38. All-Union Diochemicnl Goc1ety katublished
"The Ukrainian Diochemictl Cocicty," (unnirned article);
Kiev, Ukrnynn'kyy Biokhimiehnyy Zhurnal., Vol 31, No 2,
1959, p 302
On 7 February 1959, the Presidium of the Academy of 8c.iencee USSR
panned a resolution creating the All-Union Biochemical society. A re-
public branch organization will be treated in each Union Republic.
On 6 March, a Delogatoo Conference of the Ukrainian Biochemical
Society wan hold in Kiev. Delegatoo from the Kiev, Kharkov, L'viv,
Dnepropetrovsk, and Stalinak branches were present. 0. V. Palladin wan
colocted chairman; I. N. Bulankin and V. P. Korotkoruchko vice-chairmen
and N. M. Polyakova secretary. The Central Council of the Society is
composed of 20 members. The total membership of the organization is 350
members.
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III. ELECTRONICS
Communications
39. Ground Rnuintence in Regions of Permafrost
"Lowering of Ground Resistance in Rocky and Permafrost
Regions", by S. A. Sokolov; Moscow, E1ektrosvya2', No 6,
Jun 59, pp 65-70
The Central Scientific Research Institute of Communications has
conducted a series of experiments aiming to reduce the ground resistance
to electric current in regions of permafrost. Experimental grounding
points were established at Skovorodino station, Amurnkaya Oblast, to tent
for cheap and efficient means of lowering the ground resistance. Several
grounding compounds were studied, including common salt and copper fer-
rocyanido.
The experiments revealed that resistance to grounding can be con-
siderably reduced during winter in the permafrost region by insulating
the ground above with snow or sawdust. It was disclosed that resistance
to grounding is 25 times greater during the winter for places not pro-
tected with a snow cover or other insulating materials. A very satisfactory
grounding can be secured at the bottom of a water body which does not
freeze in the winter.
CComp onents
40. Magnetic Pulse Shaper of One -Polarity -Pulses
"Magnetic Pulse Shaper of One-Polarity Current Pulses for
Feeding Magnetic Elements," by N. V. K.orol'kov, Novocher -
kassk, Izveati V shikh Uchebn kh Zavedeni Elektomekh-
anika, No Apr
, 59, pp 2b-45
Magnetic pulse amplifiers and relay-action logic elements are often
used in computer engineering, automation, and other fields of electro-
mechanics.
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The problem of obtaining dingle-polarity current pulsed for nimul-
taneoun fording to a great number of elements at high frequency in rathrr
difficult. To overcome such a difficulty, the author had developed a
magnetic method of pulse shaping which utilized the interaction of do
o.urrent and ac voltage. The advantage of thin system in that it can supply
pulse power to a great number of magnetic elements simultaneously through
several shapers from a single ac sourer.
An experimental model of the pulse shaper wan tested for a period of
one year at the Laboratory of Eleetromodeling of the All-Union Xnntit"".to
of Scientific and Technical Information, Academy of Sciences USSR, and
proved to be very efficient in supplying pulses to a great number of
magnetic elements (several hundred). Good results wore obtained for
operation at a frequency of 50 ke.
41. Piezoelectric Transducer
"Piezoelectric Acceleration Transducers," by V. P. Nenyukov,
A. S. Zhmur, and G. L. Lyapin; Moscow,, Izmeritel'na_ya Tekhnika,
No 5, may 59, pp 17-19
Quartz and barium titanate piezoelectric transducers for register-
ing impact-type accelerations from 20 to 20,000 g are described.
Methods of assembly and calibration and a typical electrical cir-
cuit for use with the transducer are given.
The transducer, the inertial body of which weighs 1.? grams, pro-
vides a voltage of 0.1 volt on the surface of the quartz disc for an
acceleration W= 1,000 g.
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instruments acid Equl en1
142, Waveguida Chnrncteristicn Measuring Devine,
"Wavoguide Monnuring Line" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Ventntk 3vyazi, No 6, Jun 59, cover page
At the Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Communica.
tionn an instrument, van duunigned to measure the traveling-wave ratio
and input impedance in wave guides used in the radio-relay system "Verne.
The device in manufactured in two models for wave guides of different
croon section. The natural traveling-wove ratio of the device is 0.99;
the frequency range of the detector head is 3,300-4,750 Mc. During the
shifting of the probe along the slot, nonuniformity of the indicator
reading does not exceed ? 1%.
Soviet Handbook on Instruments Used With Radioactive Materials
Spravochnik Po Dozimetrichonkim, Radiometrichookim i Elektronno..
Fizlcieskim iborai 3chetchikan- 3ttiirti.11 toram i
Fotomnozhitelyam (Handbook o n animetric, R dio~metric, and
Electron-Physical Instruments, Counters, Scintillators, and
Photomultipliers); Moscow, Publishing House of the Main Admin-
istration on the Use of Atomic Energy under the Council of
Ministers USSR, 1959
A new illustrated handbook has been published which is intended to
inform Soviet scientists and technical workers of the availability of
contemporary devices designed for use with radioactive substances and
nuclear radiation.
Brief technical data, desig:.atiora, and operating conditions, and
in some cases, prices, are given for a variety of instruuien?ts, including
those for individual radiation monitoring, measurement of gamma, beta,
and alpha radiation, measurement of neutron flux, and fc.r determining
air contamination. Also described are amplifie:3 and discriminators,
scalers and analyzers, rectifiers, counters, scintillatora and photo-
multipliers.
Organizations wishing to purchase any of the instruments described
are directed to place orders thivugh their respective ministries, sovnar-
khozes, or departments which will, ac;cox'ding t o the type of Instrument
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dnnired, order directly either from the Soyurglavspctspr, om (All Union Main
Adminiotration of Specialized Tnduotry), the Cvlavrad cisbyt; !Main Sales
Adminiotration of the Radio industry), the Roaglavpriborsrtabsbyt (Main
Adminiutrati.on for the Supply and Sale of ZrAntruments of the RSFSR), the
Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy imeni K. A. Tirnirytazev, or the All-
Union Trunt "Soyuzroaktiv."
It in noted In the errata that due to a delay 14 publishing the hand..
book and subsequent reorganization, ordere normally sent through -the
rlavradtosbyt should now be sent, to the Soyuzglavspets prom.
44. TManoducer of Linear Disp].acernen,
it Transformer-Ccnverter ot Large L.I nea,~ I ,s.pl.aceme:Ato"
by A. A. Kol'tsov; Novochcrkausk, Izves,`.i;,? VyzehikhUs.,bebnYkhh .
Za?vedeni Elektromekhanike,, No 3, Mar 59, pp 5b.' 2
The article presents theoretical and experime,abal. Investigations of
a new type transformer-transducer intended for measurement: of large linear
displacements and of other quantir'es which car.. be oaverted into propor-
tional values of displacement.
On the basis of material gre:;erred 1n the calculation
of main parameters and characteristics o?L -,be .tudu9trial -`ype displace.,
n+eat, transducer is possible. Th;s measuriug +;ransfrrn:er.e trak:.sdurer is an
electromagnetic device having an ac cui'*'er.t ex ita?cion wirdS.?rg and a
measuring winding. The flux ii.nkage of the measuring winding changes in
proportion to the measured quar.?ILty in sv.r:h a ,anr,er that the emf in the
measuring winding is a single-?ralued function of the measured quantity.
Most widely used transducers of - :ni.s type have a ruovale ferrotnagnetie
ore and can measure displacements i;_-, t.'r..e range up to 30 trim.
Prof L. F. Kuiikovsk y and the author Lave suggested a new corn.-,
c~*?ru:*,fon of such a transducer, whioh is capable c?? c:!rea-;1y measuring
d1 placement up to several hundred millimeters. 'i"n:.v new type of tran:s-
ducer is characterized by a moving winding aril Is designated as TPO.
At the All-Union Induetr:al Exhibit ;.r: 1958 a TR..I system was demon-
e+:rated which incorporated a displacement transducer of the TPt) type.
The transducer was capable of measuring dispia,.en ent;; up -,,-.o 275 :mn and
:he power in the excitation wLecdirg was 0.035 va.
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45. Fourteen-Channel Oscillograph
"Type N-700 (POB-14M) Portable 14-,Channel Oscillograph," by
B. N. Froymovich; Moscow, Priborostroyeniy
p 30 e, No 5, May 59,
The Kishinev Plant for electrical measuring instruments has begun
the production of the type N-700 oscillograph designed at the Institute
of Physics of the Earth imeni 0. Diu. Shmidt, Academy of Sciences USSR.
This instrument is a universal recording device which registers both
high-frequency and low-frequency processes. Such a wide range of frequency
measurement, is made possible through incorporation of several galvano-
meters, each with different frequencies of natural oscillations and a wide
range of tape velocities. The natural frequencies of the galvanometers
GB-7:V-?V-3, GB-IV-V-4, GB-IR V-5, GB-IV-V-6, GB-'J.V-V-7 GB-IV-V-8 and'
GB-IV-V..9 are respectively as follows : 120,300, 600, 1,200, 2,500, 5, 000
and 10,000. The last five of these galvamometers are liquid filled and
have a damping factor of 0.7. The instrument'wiring is designed for a
voltage of 500 v. The instrument has two tape holders, one for low speed
and the other for high speed of the tape; each tape is 12 m long and 120
mm wide.
The reduction gear of the instrument permits the following tape
speeds: 0.25, 1.0, 4.0, 16.0, 50, c54.5, 200, 250, and 300 cm/sec. The
time markers are placed on the tape in the form of light lines at a
frequency of 10 and 200 cycles. Visual display of the recording process
on the screen is produced with the aid of a mechanical scanner.
The power to the instrument can be drawn from a 24-volt do or ac
power source; the power constunption is about 6 a. The over-all size of
the instrument is 420 x 240 x 270 M. ands weighs 17 kg.
A drum-type tape holder, electrical heater, and remote control panel
will be supplied to customers on request, beginning in 1960.
46. fii hl Sensitive plxotaelectric F'luxraetex?
"On the Design of a Photoelectric Fluxmeter," by S. G.
Rabinovich and A. N. Tkachenko, Moscow; .Izmeritel
Tekpnika, No 5, may 59, pp 30-35
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The principle of operation and basic circuit of a photoelectric
fluxmeter (FEF) are given, and relationships are determined which will
permit the computation of a highly sensitive p'khotoelectric flumneter
with predetermined constants for the measurement of single cycles of
magnetic flux.
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47. Universal Photoelectric Amplifie r P17
"Photoelectric Amplifier F17," by A. N. Kasperovich; Moscow,
Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No 5, May 59, pp 35-39
Universal photoelectric amplifiers F17, designed for use with a
number of different instruments, were developed and have been produced
since 1957 at the plant "Vibrator."
The construction of the three basic units of the amplifier -- the
galvonometer, the illuminator, and the photoconductive cell -_ are de-
scribed. The photoconductive cell of cadmium sulfide was designed by
P. T. Kolomiyets and A. O. Olesk and has high sensitivity, a wide re-
sistance range, and a low temperature coefficient.
Modifications of the amplifier have been produced to provide voltage
sensitivity (F17/1), current sensitivity (F17/2),. and for use as stabi-
lizers (F17/3).
The Measuring Instrument Plant (ZIP) has produced automatic styluses
(N373) employing F17 amplifiers, while the "Vibrator" plant has used the
amplifiers in photocompensation voltage stabilizers U1136.
The photoelectric amplifier F17 is expected to find wide application
in various fields of science and technology.
48. NEw waveguide Device for Djele,trir 'Research
"A Device for Measua-ing Specific Inductive Capacitance at
Superhigh Frequencies," by A. I. Tereshchenko; Moscow,
CPYRGHTszmeritelTekhni-ak, No 5, May 59, pp 54+-55
"The article discusses a device for measuring specific inductive
capacitance, based on a method developed by the author in 1957 at Khar -
kov State University, which operates on the use of the phase-sensitive
Properties of a wave guide discriminator. The discriminator compares the
phase of waves reflected from a sample of the test dielectric and from
a standard resonator. The result of this comparison is expressed in
the form of the differential current of the detectors of the discrimi-
nator, which is proportional to the value of specific inductive capaci-
tance of the sample."
The method and device were developed for the study of high-frequency
dielectrics with small losses, such as titanates and other ceramic
materials, but may be used also in liquid- and gas-dielectric research.
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Materials
49 _Investi
"Investigation of New Pie zoelectr ic' Crystals Carried Out
on Small Samples," by V. A. Koptsik, K. A. Minayeva, A.
Voronkov, A. F. Solov'yev, A. N. Izrailenko, Ye. G. Popkova,
and G. I. Kozlova, Chair of Crystal Physics, Moscow State
University; Moscow, Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta
SeriMatematiki Mekhaoiki Astronomic, lizikiy Khimii?
Vol 1No 6, Nov ec 5d, pp 91-9a
The results of an investigation of the piezoelectric properties
of 1.11 organic and inorganic compounds are reported. A method proposed
by V. A. Koptsik in 1955 was applied in the investigation described. By
using this method, the piezoelectric effect can be determined on crystal
grains and fragments no thicker than 0.1 mm.
50. Alloys in the System Al Sb. A12 Te3
""Investigation of Alloys in the System Al Sb- A12 Te3"
by M. S. Mirgalovskaya and Ye. B. Skudnova; Moscow,
Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khimii,, Vol 4, No 5, may 59,
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PP 1113-1120
Solid solutions in the system Al Sb- Al2 Te were investigated
with particular attention to their properties as3semiconductors.
51. Recent Soviet Patents in the Field of Elegy. tropics
"Class 21. Electrical Engineering" (urxsigned article);
Moscow 1leten' ?~;obreteni. No 9, 1959,, pp 18-35
Class 21a1, 3601, No 11954.2. S. .. Kochergiu. A Method of Record-
1n Electrical Signals on a Stationary Photographic Plate and Their
Reproduction.
Class 21a2, 1808 No 119545. A. V. Rozanov and, N. 1. Valayev.
Device for Limiting DC input Signal of a Transistor.
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Class 21n , 3622, no 119546. L. A. Korobkuv. A Method of Titsn-
Sequance Compression and Expansion of Kultiohannel Milne 3ignaln in
Systems of Communication.
Clash 21x1, 14pp11. No 119548. V. M. Zhukov. A Device for (Itineration
of High-Froquence Wid th..Modulatrd Pn1nen
Clans 21x4, 2904. No 119551. D. 1. 3avitakiy. Method to Xmprove
Noise Immunity of Superheterodyne Receiver.
Class 21a1 , 480. No 119552. V. S. Si vigin, Device for filaaeption
of Polarization-Modulated Oscillations.
Class 21x4, 71. No 119556. A. A. Vasi1'kovokiy. Multilayer Film-
Type Sensing Element of Hall's FMF.
Class 21a4, 4804. No 119553. A. N. Plemybunikov. Loop Direction
Finder.
Class 21a4 4866. No 119555. B. B. Lagor'yev. Wide-Band Antitransmit..
Receive Tube.
Class 21^., 4605. No 119566. P. M. Dub1. ovakty, Sy v hronoua
Servomechanism.
Class 21c, 4741. No 119570. V. V. Ivanovskiy. Remote Cut rol
Device With Five-Digi-b Code Selection.
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XV. ENODM NO
52. 1 52-l 5Program of Power Capacitor Developmnt and Production
"Production of Power Capacitors and Problems for 1959-1965,"
by M. M. Morozov; Moscow, Vestnfk Elektropromysh1ennosti
No 6, Jun 59, pp 1-7
The tremendous progress in recent years in power engineering and
other branches of industry has increased the demand for various types of
high- and low-voltage capacitors. Recent investigations of thermo-
nuclear reaction control, simulation of explosions, microsecond X-ray
photography, and rock crushing with the aid of spark discharge were carried
"Our new branch of the electrical industry -- power capacitor build-
ing -- is successfully solving the complex problems of developing and
manufacturing new types of power capacitors.
"In 1958, the largest series-capacitor installation in the world for
power factor correction was placed into operation on the 400.kv, 500,000-
kvs Kuybyshev-Moscow power line. On this line, the highly reliable 50-
kvar capacitors of KP24 0.6-50-1 typo were used.
"This installation made it possible to raise the transmission capacity
of the line by 25%; the installation paid for itself during the first
2 months of operation.
"The production of only two power-capacitor plants in the USSR exceeds
the combined production of power capacitors of such nations as West
Germany, France, England, Sweden, Switzerland, and Italy."
The folloiing p: oblcma of prsver capacitor development should be
solved during the coming Seven-'tear Plan: developing capacitor per
with lower logs angle 'tangent); provinding the capacitor plants with
film type nonpolar and polar dielectric materials in rolls; preparing
chlorinated dipheuyrl of various modifications; producing metalized pro-
celain and glans insulators.
Extensive o ientlfie research should be done in the field of design,
construction, and study of the behavior of capacitors under various
operating conditions, as veil as in the development of reliable and
accelerated methods of testing.
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53. Nom.: Kw Tu rt ,ink
"Turbine 8VK.4o0 (Engineering Project) of the Leningrad Metal
Plant," by V. L. Polishehuk; Leningrad, EneraotnaehLaos troy-
, No 5, MAY 59, p 31
The Scientific and Technical Council of the Leningrad Metal Plant
has examined the design project of the OVK-400 steam turbine (400,000-kw
capacity) and its auxiliary equipment and feed pumps.
The initial steam pressure and temperature will be 240 atm abs and
580?C; the intermediate rteam reheating will be 56500 at a pressure of
40/36 atm abs; vacuum at the condenser will be maintained at 0.035 atm
abs with the cooling water at 120 C; the feed water will be heated to
26000 by steam extracted at eight points.
The SVK-400 turbine is a single-shaft, four-cylinder machine operating
at 3,000 rpm and has four exhausts into two condensers. The turbine blades
in the last stages will be 940 mm long. The total length of the turbine
with the generator will be 38.4m; without the generator, 27.6 m. The
main feed pump is driven by a seven-stage turbine of 14,300-kw eapaoit
operating at 6,000 rpm. The stoma to this feed-pump turbine is extracted
behind the fourth stage of the medium-p~rressure cylinder of the main turbine
at 17.65 atm abe and a temperature of 46000. The exhaust steam at 2.4 atm
abe in returned to the low-pressure cylinder of the in turbine.
A synthetic fire-resistant fluid will be used in the main turbine
control system.
54. Now Method of Manufacturing Prontresned Concrete
"Electrothermal Method for Stressing Reinforcing Bare," by
0. Geyman, S. Kosolapov and V. Pletmintoev; Kiev, Stroitel'-
stvo i Arkhitektura. No 5, May 59, pp 34-35
At the Mughketovokly Plant for structural reinforced concrete
(Donbaeezhelezobeton Trust) new technology and equipment were developed
for electrothermal stressing of high-strength wire.
With this method, the high-strength wire is first straightened and
cut to size on the bench of Noeenko-e design. Then the anchorages at the
wire ends are made by up ct forging. The wire is then heated to 420-4300C
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for about 7-10 sec by panning, electric current through it. Under thane
conditions of heating the wire does not undergo any microstrueturel changes.
The heated wires are then anchored in the special plots mounted at the
concrete-casting frames. It taken about 10-12 min for the wire to cool
and contract, setting up a stress of 1,330 kg in a 5-mm wire. The total
elongation of the heated wire should be 23.8 mm to attain the desired stress
after cooling and contraction.
The introduc ion of this method for prestressing high-strength
(14,500 kg per mm ) cold-drawn wire resulted in a considerable saving in
metal ,up to 52%.). The results of the tests have shown that the load-
carrying capacity of panels produced by this method has increased sub-
stantially; such panels withstood a distributed static load of 13,625 kg.
The method of elcctothormal stressing of reinforcing bare in now
being introduced at other plants of the "Donbasezhelesobeton" trust.
55. Industrial Automation Ptoten
"At a Base of Complex Automation," by M. Dunenkov, Corre-
spondent of Prom hlenno-Ekonomicheaka G& zeta; Moscow,
Prohlenno konomic enkaya 0azota, 2 May 59, p 1
In March 1959 a dei~&.tmort of mechanization and automation was
formed at the ::skitimek boiler -radiator plant of the Novosibirsk economic
region.
V. Bulankov, chief engineer of the plant, remarked that the work
of the department will be completed by 24 June 1959.
"Automation and Milk, (unsigned article;; Moscow,
Pravda, 17 Tun 59, p 1
An interesting, au;;omatlc paeteuriziug and cooling assembly, pro-
duced by the Bolehevsk vschine building plant, was demonstrated in the
exposition pavilion "Milk -nduBtry." in this assembly milk is heated to
70 degrees, is caused to remain at that temperature for ^0 seconds, and
is then slowly cooled to plus I degrees. The entire process is auto-
matically controlled, without human interference. The productivity of
the assembly is 5,000 liters per hour.
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"Extensive Automation of Industry -- Main Direction of
Technical Progress" (unsigned article); Moscow, Prom r -
shlenno.lkonomicheskay~- Uaxetap 17 May 59, p 2
The Tashkent experimental cotton gin plant, the only enterprise.
laboratory institution of its type in the Soviet Union, made its first
automatically produced product 3 years ago.
The cotton In now separated from the needs automatically.
"Conference in the Central Committee of the All-Union
Lenin Young Communist League on the Questions of Auto-
mation and Mechanization" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Sovetskaya Aviatsiya, 29 May 59, p 1
A conference of the leaders of the transport and construction
industries was held 28 May 1959 by the Central Committee of the All-
Union Lenin Young Communist League. The conference was dedicated to
the encouragement of the Young Communist League to take part in the
automation and mechanization of industrial processes.
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56. Mean Modulus for the Clans of Bounded Monophylloun Functions
Estimated
"Concerning an Estimate of the Mean Modulus in the Clans of
Bounded Monophylloun Functions," by I. Ye. Bazilevich;
Moscow, Matematichenkiy Sbornik, Vol h8(90), No 1, 1959,
pp 93-104
For S. the clans of functions
w a f (z) ^ z + c2z2 + . . . + cnzn + .
monophylloua and regular in the circle Uzi # 1 much has been proved in
the work by X. Ye. Bazilevich, "Concerning Theorems of Distortion and
the Coefficients of Monophyllous Functions," Matem. Sb., No 28(70), 1951,
pp 147-164, and in4,particular, the following theorem was proved: in the
class 5 the form P r) of the circle Izi 96 r 1 1, corresponding to the
function f*(z) z z - l , covers the greater part of the circumference
iwi z x, if xUN e71/er.
On the basis of this a2oaumption, estimates for the integrals
71 If(rei`P ) I dcp , Ynlf2 (re1P) I dcp , 0 r 1 and the coefficients
0
cn were obtained.
The purpose of the present work is to strengthen the indicated
theorem for the case of bounded functions of the class S and to obtain
an estimate of their mean modulus.
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57. Metric Problem of the__Thoory of Diophantine Approximationri
"Concerning One Metric Problem of the Theory of Diophantine
Approximations," by I. P. Kubilyus, Inatituto of Physics
and Mathematics, Academy of Sciences Latvian Salt; Vil'nyus,
Trudy Akademii Nauk Litovakoy SSR Seriya B, No 2(18), Apr-
Jun 59, pp 3-
The following metric theorem in proved: lot f(q) be a positive
function of the whole number argument q qo O, y-q f(q) be non-
increanintr, and let the aeries
E q-1/2 f(q) be convergent, then the oyatem of
q N qo
inequalities
IIagII f(q),
110( 2gf1 - f(q)
for almost all real a does not have more than a finite number of solu-
tions in the natural numbers q 3 qo. Here Ilxll denotes the distance of
the real number x ft om the next whole number.
58. Series Representation of Measurable Functions
"On the Representation of Measurable Functions by Series,"
by A. A. Tal.alyan, Institute of Matematics and Mechanics,
Academy of Sciences, Armenian SSR; Yerevan, Izvestiya
Akademii Nauk Ar vannko - SSR Seri Fiziko ?M.atematicheskikh
Nauk, Vol. ]2, loo 2, W-r; kr 59, pp 3-19
It is known tA. A. Talalyan, "Concerning Convergence according to
Measure of Se ico in terms of Bases of the L. Space," Izvestiya AN
An0 SR Qer:ya F't `lat. I%uk, Vol 1o, No :., 1957) . that if sequence of functions x ) ) on a bounded, measurable set
G of positive measure, forms a normalized basis in the 1.F(G) space, then
for any measurable function f'(x), defii.ed on G, there exi eta a series
00
E an c n(x),
n=1
which converges according to the measure on the set G to f(x), where
lim an = O.
n-+oo
In connection with this, there naturally arises the question:
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What sequences of functions (fn(x)) , in addition to the bases
of the Lp space, possess ouch properties that any measurable function
f(x) is expressible in the form of a series
E an fn(x)
n -I
(an) real numbers),
which converges to that function according to the measure? The present
work examinee this problem.
59. Approximate Solution of Operator Equations
"Concerning the Approximate Solution of Operator Equations
Depending on a Parameter," by E. E. Tamme and L. E. Kheynla,
Tartu State University; Kazan', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh
Zavedeniy, Matematika, No 3, May JTun 59, pp 229-232
Several iteration processes for an approximate solution of the
equation
P(x, Y) s 0,
depending on the parameter y, are considered. The author refers the
reader to a work by L. V. Kantorovich, "Several Further Applications of
the Newton Method for Functional Equations," Vestnik LGU, Vol 12, No 7,
pp 68-103, 1957. P is assumed to be an analytic operator (in a neigh-
borhood of point xo, yo) acting from Banach spaces X and Y into the
Banach space Z.
60. Density Function for a Random 'Variable in the `.Metric Converging
to the Normal Distribution Function
"On an Exact Estimate for a Local Theorem," by S. Kn.
Sirazhdinov, Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics,
Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR; Moscow., Teori a
Vero tnostey_j '`eye Primeneniya, Vol 9, No 2,, Apr/
Jun 59, pp 229-233
This paper deals with the convergence of the density function for
the sum of identically distributed and appropriately normalized independent
random variables in the metric Lp (roe, +a,) (p a 1) to the normal-density
function. An exact expression for the fundamental term of the remainder
is given.
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61. Strength of the Chi-Squared Criterion Applied to the Two-Choice
0 om
"Concerning the Strength of the Chi-Square Criterion Applied
to the Two-Choice Problem Relative to 'Clone' Alternatives,"
by S. Kh. Tumanyan, Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics,
Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR; Yerevan, Izvesti a Akademii
Nauk A nsko SSR Seri Fiziko-MatematiChou auk, o ,11,
No 6,-Nov/Dec 5 , pp 31-45
Let n independent observations of a random variables bo token and a
hypothesis Ho be tested, the correctness of which would require the ob-
servations to form a random selection from a general net with the dis-
tribution function F(x). One of the beat methods of testing the hypo-
thesis 110 is the chi-oquared criterion. In this case, the net of all
possible values of the random variable are divided into a+l nonoverlap
ping intervals p i(i^ ff,'T) and the statistic
s n 1A i 2
x2 p
iaO i n - pi ) is tested, (1..1)
where pi fA i dF(x), and L, n are the respective frequencies of
observation belonging to intervals Di(i=D-
.. U).
It in known that if the hypothesis Ho is correct, the statistic
(1.1) has a chi-squared distribution with s degrees of freedom for
n-+co; that is,
P
'x2 L x} _?
n -*oo
Ks(x),
1
x
(s/2
a /2)
[28/2
(s/2)
dx, x
0
xelx)
1.2)
(
0
, x
0.
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The assumption in then made that the hypothesis 11o in not correct,
but, thnt an alternative hypothesis in correct whose probabilit;ion of
bclonl;ing to the observed intervals Q i are equal to pi ( i - TIT),
where
Pi - pi z- 1 . , whore zi is a constant number.
V~
Then it in known that the limit distribution of the statistic (1.1)
for n --oo converges to a noncentral chi-square distribution ("The Chi-
Square Test of Goodness of Fit," Cochran, W. C., Annals of Math. Stat.,
Vol 23) No 3, 1952).
The Chi-Square Criterion in also applied to the investigation of a
problem of two choices, an follows:
Let m independent observations of a random variable ? and n
1.ndepeiudent observations of a random variable ''? be made. The hypothesis
is then tested that the results of these observations constitute two
random samples from general sets with one and the same distribution func-
tions.
It is possible to test this hypothesis by use of the statistic
s 1 Pi
Mn i=o /M i i m
)1.3)
where PI and i are numbers from the first and second sets, respec-
tively, belonging to the intervals A i (i^u7s).
In this case, it is known that if the hypothesis is correct, the
limit distribution of the statistic (1.3) as m -* oo and n -* oo is also
expressed by the relation (1.2) ("Mathematical Methods of Statistics"
G. Cramer, Cos. izdat. inostran. literatury, Moscow, 19118, p 185),
The assumption is then made that the hypothesis of the relative
identity of the two d{stributions is not correct. In this case, the
probabilities that the observed random values of and ~ belong to the
interval A(i-o,s) were designated by pi and p respectively, and
the assumption was made that
zi (m+n)pi
where zi is a constant number.
V-mn
-1+7-
(1.4)
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In thin manner we assume that the alternative hypothesis is closer
to the one under consideration than the greater bulk of the first and
second samples.
The purpose of the present work in to establish the limit distribu-
tion of the statistic (1.3) under the condition (1.4) for m-ioo and n--oo
62. Eigenfunction Expansion of Self-Adjoint 0 erators
"On the Expansion of Self-Adjoint Operators by Eigen-
functions," by Yu. M. Berezanskiy; Kiev, Ukrainski
Matematichenki Zhurnal, Vol II, No 1, Jan Mar 59,
pp 16-24
The author given a simple way of constructing eigenfunction expan-
sions for self-adjoint operators in a general separable Hilbert space.
The eigenfunction theorem is shown to be a simple complement to the
general theorem on the existence of spectral decomposition for self-
adjoint operators.
63. Representation of Continuous Functions of Three Variables by
Continuous Functions of Two Variables
"Concerning the Representation of Continuous Functions
of Three Arguments by the Superposition of Continuous
Functions of Two Arguments," by V. I. Arnol'd; Moscow,
Matematicheckiy Sbornik, Vol 48(90), No 1, 1959, pp 3-?74
The work is devoted to proof of the following theorem formulated in
the work of the author t "Concerning Functions of Three Arguments,"
DANSSSR, Vol 114, No 4, 1957, pp 679-681: any real, continuo func-
tion of three arguments, f(xl, x2, x3 ), given on a unit cube E may be
represented in the form
3 3
f(xl, x2, x3) = E E hi,( ' i,(xl, x2), x3
i=l j=1
where hij and cQ ij are real and continuous functions of two arguments.
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VI. MEDICINE
Bacteriology
64. Brucellar Bacteriophage Isolated From Aborted Fetuses
"The Isolation of Brucellar Bacteriophage From Aborted Fetuses
of Agricultural Animals," by M. S. Drozhevkina and V. I. Tols-
tokorova, Tr. Rostovsk.-N/D. N.-T. Protivochumn. In-ta (Works
of the Rostov-na-Donu Scientific Research Antiplague Institute),
No 12, 57, pp 424-427 (from -- BioloSIMP
CPYRGHT No 3) 10 Feb 59, Abstract No 9871, by Ya. I. Rautenshteyn)
"Bacteriophages capable of lysing Brucella melitensis and Br. Buis
were isolated from blood taken from the stomach, spleen, and other internal
organs of aborted sheep fetuses. The phages were isolated both from the
organs of fetuses from which Brucella cultures were obtained and from organs
of fetuses from which Brucella were not isolated. Phages were also success-
fully isolated from material removed from aborted cattle. The phage titers
increased to 10-7 - 10-10 after 1-5 passages. The isolated phages easily
lysed Brucella on a solid medium and lysed them only slightly on a liquid
medium. The presence of brucellar bacteriophage in almost all the fetuses
examined negatively affected the results of bacteriological investigation
of the fetuses; the use of specific antiphage serum in such investigations
is therefore suggested."
65. Studies of Brucellar Bacteriophage
CPYRGHT
"Brucellar Bacteriophage, the Methodology of Its Isolation and
Reinforcement," by M. S. Drozhevkina, M. S., Tr. Rostovsk.-N/D.
N.-I Protivochumn. In-ta (Works of the Rostov-na-Donu Scientific
Research Antiplague Institute), No 12, 57, PP 384-391 (from
Referativn Zhurnal -- Biolo i , No 3) 10 Feb 59, Abstract No
9 9
"The methodology of isolating brucellar pbages from lysed cultures
prepared from human and animal organs, cerebrospinal fluid, feces, and
urine, and methods of reproducing the phages, are described."
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66. Characteristics of Brucellar Bacteriophage
"Polyvalent Brucellar Bacteriophage, Its Specificity and
Valence," by M. S. Drozhevkina, Tr. Rostovsk.-N/D. N.-I.
Protivochumn. In-ta (Works of the Rostov-na-Donu Scientific
Research Antiplague Institute), No 12, 57, pp 392-402 (from
Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Biolo i ) No 3, 10 Feb 59, Abstract
C PYRG F-f 9870, by Ya. 1. Rautenshteyn)
"It was shown that the sensitivity of different Brucella cultures to
different races of brucellar phage is not the sane. Polyvalent Vi-O-phage,
which is a mixture of eight Vi-phages and seven Orphages, was prepared for
phage typing. This polyphage J.ysed, all the test standard . and freshly
isolated Brucella cultures. The author recommends it for identifying these
cultures. Testing of the reaction of 35 tularemia culture strains to bru-
cellar phage showed that half of them were completely resistant to it, some
strain were rather sensitive, and the rest reacted to the phage with insig-
nificant changes."
67. Antiphage Serum in Brucellosis
CPYRGHT
"The Micromethod of Seeding Blood With Antiphage Serum in Bru-
cellosis," by M. N. Mishnayevskiy and A. S. Fomicheva, `.r+r.
Otchetn. Nauchn. Konferentsii Rostovsk.-n. . Med. In-t za 1956)
(Works of the Scientific Summary Conference of the Rostov-na-
Ponu Medical Institute for 1956), 1957, pp 621-622 (from Re-
ferativn Zhurnal -?- Biolo i , No 4, 25 Feb 59) Abstract No
14918 , by M. A. Gruzman)
"Blood was seeded from the little fingers of 22 brucellosis patients.
Sixty-seven seedings (0.2-0.4 ml) in all were done on bouillon containing
antiphage serum; positive results were o taine& in 13 cases. Brucella were
isolated in only four cases from parallel seedings on bouillon without anti-
phage se rwn. In 39 parallel seedings of blood from the fingers and! from
veins on a medium containing an`?iphage serum, 22 --ifltuares were isolated from
veins, and 6 from fingers; 11 and. 3 cultures respectively were isolated on
media without axntiphage serum, Bru+~e;11a. were seeded from both veins and
fingers in the acute and subacute ?orms, or in e:acefbations of the chronic
form, of brucellosis. In view of itc, simplicity and ouit bi3.ity, the miero-
me?t;hod of seeding blood, in. brute ,iossi is, in the author's opinion, merits at-
tention in cases %here there is diff'icu?ty in employing the usual method of
seeding venous blood. Irtroduc,tion into a met;. mn with a?at.iphage serum con-
siderably increases seedability by both rsk.thodz, - ?C
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Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Warfare
CPYRGHT
68. Medical. Service in Chemical., Biological, and Radiological Warfare
Foreword to Or nizatsi Meditsinsko o Obes echeni ri Mas-
sovy'ki Pbrazheniyakh Naseleniyo (The Organization of Medical
Service Following Mass Contamination of the Population), edited
by A. Ye. Minenko; Kiev, State Medical Publishing, House of
Ukrainian SSR, 1957, pp 3-4
"The banning of atomic and other types of weapons of mass destruction
is one of the most important irternational problems of recent years.
"For this noble task, foy the reinforcement of the peace and security
of the peoples of all countries, the Soviet Union, true to its peace-loving
policy, is conducting a systematic, steadfast struggle together with all
the democratic states and, progressive peoples of all countries.
"The imperialist circles of the capitalist countries are following a
diametrically opposite policy. A number of capitalist countries headed by
the US, resorting to very diverse maneuvers, persistently refuse to ban
atomic and. hydrogen weapons. Certain military leaders of these capitalist
states widely recommend. the use of the atomic,, hydrogen, chemical, and
ba.ct;eri.ologid.al weapon in a futwve vv, ,7. They voicz the notion of an atomic
a ac.k on the Soviet Union, forgetting that the myth about the monopoly of
the atomic bomb by the US was ddd p?:'l,ie,l long ago and that our country has
sufficient atomic strength as well as the means to reach any point on earth.
Despite this, the slignt;est ind.ica,tion of an a.ir-borne attack on our
homeland will obligate every citi ;erg. of the Soviet Union, including medical
workers, to be ready for the defense of our soc :9lie}tic society.
"One type of defense of the Soviet Union is local MFV0 (antiair da-
fen,=e ), of which the W10 medical sez, v.-irl, : is a part.
"Knowledge of the problems onnectel with the organization of medical
protection in mass attacks on the popWLation is compulsoW?y for every medical
worker, his specialty and pla._e of work notwithstanding.
"The paucity of published r+oac ned on the aforementioned. problem has
created the necessity of publishing an appropriate manual for physicians.
"The authors of this book have a.s.s?aamedd the responsibility of acquaint-
ing a wide circles of physicians with contemporary means of attack and con-
tamination from the air by atanic:, chemical, and bacteriological weapons,
and. with the organization of medical aid in mass affection of the popula-
tion.
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"S.*ctionn on traumatology have been conoeaiouoly omitted and the-, dec-
t?ion on dooimet.ry io very brief since thr.be problems require special con-
elleration; appropriate ,literaturn on them is being prepared for publica-
tion. Physician-speein.lieto will therefore not find an answer in thin
book to all their problems which arive. Nevertholeoo, the volume of data
in^luded is, in our opinion, sufficient to depict the role rind tankR of
medical personnel under conditions in which agonto of many affection are
used by an enemy.
"The individual chapter, s of thio book are in the nature of a review
of foreign and Soviet, literature on the given problem; Some of the chapters
contain original material which is being published for the first time. A
number of propositions expressed by the a.uthorp are their own views or the
results of observations.
"The achievement by a great number of authors of a book which explains
quest-ions eonce.r. ning almost every +.ype of weapon of mn.et' a.fre,: t?ion bn.e
naturally encountered, a number of difficulties. The.refors, in the proceoo
of editing, all precautions were taken to exclude the poeoibility of dupli-
cating material being presented.. Despite this, repetitions which could
not. be eliminated without loss of clarity may be encountered in some sec-
tions.
"M.. S. Sexrgiye.nko c:ont..ributa I. much to the publi~!ation of this book.
I. M. Poltavete and A. L. Go.i ega, took ar. ar.? ive part in preparing the book
for publication. The authors convey their deep a?ppreo1.at?ion for the as-
si stan..:e rendered by the above -merttiorAe; . =om:ra.'i s,.
"The au.thozz hope that by aty:ra.;,ting the attention of the realers,
especially medical works-r8, the t ok will. asc4ie,t in studying the problems
of the organization of medic.a.1 ,ale for a popul.atiora which bas been the
victim of an atomic or other type of weapon of mass offect;i-n.
i,!=iology
69. 1, pizootology of Q Fever in. Georgian SSR
"rata on the Study of the F. iznotology of Q Fever Under Condi-
tions Found in the Georgian. SSR," by R. N. I,om`adze, Mater.ialy
12-y Nauchn. Konferent ii Pow shch. 25-letiyu Grux.. Zootekbn.-
_Va
Vet. ?n-to '.Data, on the 1 t_h S,,ientific Conference 1r.vote-d to
the 25th Year of the Geox?giar. Zoote::b .ical-Veter.ina.ry I_n?Aitute ),
Tbilisi, 1957, PP 52-52. (from Re.fewa,ivn Zhuinal -- Biolo i ,
CPYRGHT No 4, 25 Feb 59, Abstract No 121.61 by A. G.)
"Q fever among humans ha:; been reported in 12 rayons of the Georgian
SSR since 1955- The author earpmine.i 85 cattle and. 255 sheep in 12 points
by using the RSK [ ( cxmplzment f i:#B. J on ree, : ti on ] and l:ry Rickettsia. burnet:i
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:,r.tigen; 120 cattle (14;6) and 51 sheep (20%) gave positive retiults. Q fever
nmong cattle was noted during Vie entire year, but maaa infection of animals
.uu observed in the spring. 'ilea Jxoden ricinue tick is the vector of this
i r r,r e In the Ovorgian 0SR. "
Immunology and 71sarapy
'10. Live frucellonio Vaccine Tested
"The Effectiveness of the Industrial Use of Live Brucellosis
Vaccine Prepared From Strain No 3," by A. Ya. Dzerzhinnkiy,
Tr. Kilzakhnk. N.-i. Vet. In-tap (Works of the }G zakh Scientific
Research Veterinary Institute), No 9, pp 15t-164 (from Refara-
tivn Zhurnal -- Biolo i , No 3, 10 Fob 59, Abstract No
CPYRGHT `2141, by L. S. Goberman)
"Vie history of the search for a Soviet brucellosis vaccine strain by
thee Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute in described; also, the
results of hospital testing of a live vaccine prepared by the institute from
its own Brucella bovis strain No 3, and its experimental use with positive
on 68,300 sheep on YQazakh farms threatened with brucellosis, are
reported. The vaccine was found to be harnnleos and greatly increased the
net yield or young in the vaccinated flock; the offspring were born healthy
and did not respond to brucellosis."
CPYRGHT
"ReEulto of Production Testing of Live B ucollosic Vaccine
Strain Br. abortuu boviu No 3," by A. Ya. Dzerzhinokiy, Tr.
Alma-Atinok. Zoovet. 'In-ta (Works of the Al a-Ata Zooveter-
izary Institute), No 10, 57, pp 363-374 (from Eeferativnyy
2,nu: nal -- Biologiyn, No 3, 10 Feb 59) Abutra-.t No 1217,
, by
A. D. t4usin)
"Vesting of the of,ect.iveiAess of the vaccine on a sheep farm threatened
with brucellosis showed tlv).t vaccinated sheep developed lasting and stable
immunity. There were no abortions among yearling even when they were kept
with inoculated sheep for a long time. A lamb born of vaccinated sheep
g%ve a negat!ve eeroallergi reaction for brucellosis on examination after
birth and re-examination after one year."
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phnmcoloa an4 Tvx.irolo .y
Ti ? Crrrc:t or Ditilin on in Orimni"m
"'t'he Combined Action of Ditilin With Organophonphorua C:m-
puunda," by A. V. Mixon, tab. ru-uchn. stud. robot. Minnkiy mod.
in-t, (Collection or Scientific students Works, Minsk Medical
Institute),, 1957, 2, 11O-11G (from Rerern ivnyy Zhurnrsl -
P1oI giytt99, by I. 1.
CPYRGH1Dryahnikovtt)
"Ditilin (diidomethylat.o of the dianethylaminoethyl enter of succinic
nci,i. Lekarntvennyye Sre4ntva, by M. D. Maahkovekiy, Moscow, Modgiz, 1957,
pp 155-J5, in decompouedi by chulinddteraso in the animal organism.
1ta curnrelike action is therefore of brief duration. The preliminary
adm1niatrntion of "preparation No 11" (a derivative of thiophosphoric acid
which pouuennes antichol.inesternae action) to white mice may prolong and
enhnn-.e the effect of ditilin; itei toxicity, however) is increased."
72. Mut-, le Relaxing ape`
"Experiment of the Thr. ripy of Diseases of the Central Nervous
Sytircm Which Accompany a Plan in Muscular Tonus With Curare-
like Preparationp," by D. A. Alelekov, Tr. Kliniki Nervn.
Bolecney Gorgovok. Ned T.n (Workps of the Nervous Diseases
Clinic, Gor'kiy :~~ ~n.r:itute), 1958, No 1, 76-80 (from
Referativn Zhurnal. -- Bto1.o 1 s, No 9, 3.0 May 59, Abstract
CPYRGHT No 4199
"C-l.ini:.al invetrtigation~ of s.tatiz a (art. e11Aloid obtained. from
be.iphinium elatum L, L knrstvennyye Srerlstva, by M. D. Mashkovakiy,
Moe'.ov) Medgiz, 1957, pp 1~3-1 ' and methyl lycaconitine were made on
3;- patients suffering from itat.t.xbe Y motor functions and a rise in mus-
cular tonus of a pyramidal e.nd cxt.rapyramilal character. To determine
individual sensitivity ani the optimal dosages of the preparationa,
e1s-.ine was administered to begin with in a done of 10 milligrams once a
day, with the dose being grari.ually increased to four to five times a day;
methyl lycar.onitine was aalminletere.i in doses of 20 milligrams once a day
to begin with and then increased '~o three to four times a day. The course
of treatment vaa 7-30 dE,yi~.. Ir addition, the patients were administered
iodine preparations an'. reueive.J physiotherapy. Me observations esta.b-
li3hed that elatine and methyl iy:.aonitine poses a highly efreativck,
cura:relike action and their administration to pat.ien4K suffering from a
high muscular tonus and limited motor a-,tivity is advisable."
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73. New fpasmol is ih'ug
"On the Pharmacology of Chloraoizine," by Yu. 1. Vikhlynyev
and N. V. Kovorina, Laboratory of Special Phitrw cology of
the Institute of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Academy of
Medical Sciences USSR; Moscow, Farmnkolo i I Toksikolo i ,
Vol )OC11?, No 1, Jan./Fob 59, pp 2U733
Cato, dogs, and rate were used In experiments which were condvacod
to determine the effect of chlormcizine on the organism. Chloraeizine is
a new spasmolytic agent eynthnaized by the Chemistry Division of the Ineti-
tuto of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Academy of Modica3. Sciences USSR.
Chemically it is the hydrochloride of 10 (bota-diethylaminc-propionyl)-2-
chlorphnnothiazine. Its structural formula is an follo'..a:
N
c =0
CH2
I
1U2
Nr^?2H5 )2HC1
chloracizine is a light-yellow fine crystalline powder with a melt-
ing point of 168-169 degrees. :t. is readily soluble in water and in
physiological solution. The experiments established that the preparation
is capable of dilating the cardiac veseels without low-tiring blood pressure.
In thine respect, it differs considerably from preparations of the nitro-
glycerin and papaverine type. it may be used as a spaamolytic agent in
spastic conditions of the . g3 a is oir.:ea -~inal trait and in diarmbed states
of coronary circulation. It may be used also In the therapy of d.iet.i rbed
cardiac rhythm.
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71k. Tooverin-- a aangliolytte and llypotenaiva Drug
"T ovorin," by N. A. Oerova and L. M. Utkin, Materialy po
ObmonuPoredov.opytom i Nauchn. Dostizh. v Khim-Farmatoevt
j?,n-ALi (Data of the 1 changeo of 1cporiencoe and Scientific
Achiovemento in the Q cmicopharma outical Industry), 1956,
No 1/12. 10-13 (from Referativn Zhurnal -- Khimi , No 7,
CPYRGI Apr 59, Abstract No 24446, by A. Vavilova
"Iaoverin (the d.ihydrochloride of N-isoamylcadavorinn) (I) is a white
crystalline powder with a melting point of 293-295 degrees; it is readily
soluble in water and alcohol, poorly soluble in other and acetone; it is
nonflammable and nonexplosive. Aqueous solutions of (1) are stable and
t.ranaparent. In its pharmacological activity, (I) is similar to aphor-
ophysin and can be used. as a substitute for the latter. The initial
material for the ayntheaio of (I) is the readily available caprolactam
rrrrn which (I) in the form of a hydrochloride is obtained after a series
of several stages: (6-bonzoilaminocapronie acid) (11); the hydrochloride
of. (11); the amide of (II); monobenzoilcadave-verine; hydrobromide; N-
isoamyl-N-benzoiloadivorine, and the washing of the bonzoil group of the
latter. The structural formula, method, and technological process of syn-
thesis of .(I) are presented. It is an active hypotensive and gangliolytic
agent, and is also used In the obstetrical-gynecological clinic."
75. New Anticoagulant
"Diphenatsin-- A New Antic:oagulant," by M. A. Kotovshchikova
and Z. D. Blekemit, V sb.: Aktualn. v2 2r. relivaniy krovi
(Actual Problems of Blood. Transfusion)., No 6, L., 1956, 208-
216 (from Referativn Zhurnal -- Blologiya, No 9, 10 May 59,
CPYRGHI%bstract No E2035
"i4phenatsin in a dose of 2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
killed 10 of a total of 15 rata; males only , tzvived..; the development of
uterine hemorrhage was not-.3 in the females. A dose as large as 10 milli-
gremz per kilogram of body weight was not lethal for rabbits. A single
dose of 0.5-1.0 milligram per k11og-9m of body weight when administered
to dogs caused their death within 8-11 days. Autopsies revealed heror-
rhages in the internal organs of the animals. A single administration of
diphena.tsin to dogs in a dose of 0.25 milligram per kilogram of body weight:
disclosed the development of a stable hypoprothrombinemia; the prothrombin
index, however, did not fail below .6 per:=t. Me blood. ^oagulation time
was decreased (150" instead. of the initial 50")."
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76. Anticoagulantg in Ixporimcantal Thromboeon
"On the Problem of the Effect of Anticoagulants on Experimental
Thranboses," by V. P. Tbodorovich, M. A. Kotovahnhikova, and Z.
D. Bloknmit, V. nb.s Aktun.ln. vopr. orelivani krovi (Actual
Problems of Blood Transfusion)) No 6, L., 19513, 216-218 (from
Rof'erativnyy Zhurnal -- Niologiya, No 9, 10 May r)9, Abotraot No
CPYRGHT
37
"Experiments were carried out on 25 rabbits with preliminarily in-
duced thromboses of the vona jugularia interna. When phonilina, hoparino,
and combinations of both preparations were adminl.ster3d upon the excision
of the voina, thromboses wore found in only half of the canon."
77,
CPYRGi:I
'CPYRGHT
Therapy of Myeloit Leukemia
"Myeloean," by S. I. Sorgiyevskaya and K. V. Levnhina, Ma.terialy
o' Obmenu Peredov. O om in Nauchn. Dostizh. v Khim-F1a.rmat-
eevt. prom-sti Data of the Exchange of Advanced Experiences
and Scientific Achievements in the Chomicopharmaceutical In-
dustry), 1958, No 112, pp 5-9 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal --
Khimlyaa, No 8, 25 Apr 59, Abstract No 26553p by A. Vavilova
"Myeloean (mileran) 1,4-dime thansulfonylcxr:ybuta.ne (I)-- is white
crystalline substance with a malting point of 116-117 degrees; it is
soluble in.CB30H and CaH5OH, more readily so:.uble in acetone, and is
insoluble in cold water; it is nonexplosive and nonflaa~able. (I) is
recommended Tor the therapy of zhronic myeloid leukemia. The following
brief description of the te.hnologica1 process of it-,s synthesis is give.a:
"The derivation of methylthiourea; interaz+i.on of dimethylnulfate and
'iourea in a xyloi me-dtum dar:.vation of (1) by the ration of methylth-
-uu'ea with 1,4-butanediol in the pr,~.-9ence of pyridine. The harmful and
dangerous substances develope 1 in the course of the pro.%ess are enumerated."
78.
Leukopenia Tharapet&ic Agent
"Leukogen," by I. T. Strukov, Materialy P7 Jomenu Pered. Opytcm
i Nauchn. Loatj th. J. Khim-,Fa+ .taevt. prm-&';i (.D%ta of the Ex-
change of Advanced Experiences and S :ienti il. Achievements in the
chemicopharmaceutica;l. -ndustry), 1958, No :./12 62-65 (from Be-,
ferati)n Zhurnal ??- Khini , No 7, 10 Apr 59, Abstract No _._2 5, by A. Vavilova)
"Leucogen [2-(al ha-phenyl-alpha-carbethoxymethyl)-thiazolidine-
4-carboxylic acid] (I) is used in the therapy of leukopenia caused by
Roentgen irradiation or by the action of a chemical agent Which depresses
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CPYRGHT
hemopolonln. It In a white crystalline nubntance with a molting point of
169 to 171 degreon; it in slightly soluble in water and alcohol, unstable
in nolutionn, and decomponeo on boiling. (I) in supplied in tablet f'nrm
prepared according to the following recipe (in grams): (1) -- 9.02
lactooo -- 0.039, starch -- 0.04, Ca atearato-- 0.001. The tablets are
kept In a dry place and protected from light. A detailed description of
the technological procoss of the production of (I) according to the stagoo
of its derivation is given, and in an follrwa: the hydrochloride of 1-
eynteino from 1-cyotoine; ethyl enter of II000II; ethyl enter of formylphonyl
acetic acid; and (I)."
79. I;f'fect of Nitrofurano on Experimental Infections
"Effect of Some Preparation of the Nitrofuran Series on ixpori-
mental typhi murium Infection in Mice," by L. N. Alokseyova,
Izv. AN Latv SSR (Herald of the Academy of Sciences Latvian
SSR , 1957, No 8, 113-116 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Biolo -
CPYRGHTi...M' No 9, 10 May 59, Abstract No 42l b2, by M. Ye. Krol)
"The therapeutic action of preparations of the nitrofuran aeries --
furaxolono (5-nitro-furfurylidene- -oxyethyloemicarbazone) (I); furazidine
(N-5-nitro- 2-furylallideno)-1-aminohyadantoin) (II); furacilin (5-nitro-
2-furfurylidene oemize.;bbazone); and furadonin (N-5-nitro-2-furfurylidone-
1-aminohyadantoin) was determined in mice infected with Salmonella typhi
murium. The animals were infected by the enteral method. Therapy began
within 24 hours. The preparations were administered per os one or two
times a day for period of 3-10 days. Only preparations (I) and (II)
exhibited therapeutic action. When (I) was applied, about 50 percent of
the experimental animals were still alive even within 30 days after therapy
was terminated. When preparation (II) was used during a 10-day period of
therapy, and then during the succeeding 5 days, most of the animals survived.
Later, only 27 of e. total of 40 mire died. The advisability of carrying
out large scale e.xperimoi-ibal an. perhaps clinical tests of (1) and (II) in
human, farm animal, an3, domestic fowl salmonello:ies is indicated."
Co. _Anti-Influenza Preparation
"New Medicinal Preparations;" by the Main Administration of the
Drug Industry, Tatarskaya ASSR; Kazan, Kaze.nskiy Meditsinsskiy
CPYRGHT Zhurnal, Vol X.1, No 1, Jan/Feb 59, pp 102-103
"Cutisone, the thiosanticarbazone of p-isopropyl-benzaldehyde, is
a Soviet synthesized anti-influenza preparation. It is indicated for
adults and children in all forms of virus influenza. It is administered
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CPYRGHT
internally to adults in donee of 0.005 g three times a day for a period
of 3 days, and to ehildron for 3-4 days in the following doses: 1-3
years old -- 0.001 g; 3-5 years old -- 0.0015 g; 5-7 years old -- 0.002 g;
7-10 yearn old'-- 0.003 g; and 11-11E yearn old -- 0.001E g. Cutisone is
contraindicated in hepatic disorders."
31. Nov Drug
"New Medicinal Preparations," by the Main Administration of the
Drug Industry, Tatarskaya ASSR; Kazan, Kazanskiy l4editsinekiv
Zhurnal, Vol XL, No 1, Jan/Feb 59, pp 102-103
Redergam is a solution of dehydrated ergot alkaloids. It is indicated
in stenocardia, hypertonia, migraine, thromboangitis obliterans, and other
disorders. It in supplied in the form of one-milliliter ampoules each con-
taining 0.3 milligram of redergam; in the form of solution, with one milli-
gram of the substance in each milliliter of the solvent; and in the form
of tablets, each containing 0.25 milligram ofthe drug. It is contraindi-
cated in cases of 1ypotonia,'expressed atherosclerosis, organic caf'diac
disorders, disturbed renal functions, and old age.
Physiology
8. Effects of Physical Labor on Human Motor Apparatus
"Some Results of Research on the Effects of Physical Labor and
Physical Exercises on the Structure of the Motor Apparatus of
Man," by M. G. Prives, Chair of Normal Anatomy, Leningrad First
Medical Institute imeni I. P. Pavlov, Arkhiv Anatamii Gis'tal-
ogii, i Embriologii, No 5, MaY.59, Pp 7-18
The author of this article states that systematic research has been
conducted for the past 10 years on the effects of various types of physical
labor and sports on the structure of the motor apparatus. The research has
been conducted by the author of this article and his coworkers at the Chair
of Normal Anatomy of the First Leningrad Medical Institute imeni Academician
I. P. Pavlov. Workers of the Military Institute of Physical Culture imeni
Lenin have also engaged in this type of research. Observations were con-
ducted with the aid of X rays. Over 2,000 people, members of 'various pro-
fessions and trades, athletes, ballet dancers, circus performers, students
in industrial schools, and others were used as subjects in ,he investiga-
tions.
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Results of the studies conducted revealed that prolonged physical
exertion produces changes in muscles, particularly in the diaphragm, and
causes the development of working hypertrophy in the bones. Prolonged
physical exercise also brings about changes in the spongy substance, makes
the oubstantia compacts thicker, and reduces the size of the bone marrow
cavities.
If a profession that requires great physical oxortion is changed to
one that requires little physical effort, symptoms of working hypertrophy
decrease. Results of the application of tracer atoms showed that physical
.exercise causes phosphorus to be deposited mainly in the bongs that carry
the greater physical load.
It is the opinion of the author of this article that any study of
anatomy of living human beings which takes into consideration their oc-
cupation and living conditions can furnish valuable information which
could serve as a basis for directing adequate and proper physical de-
velopment of a human organism.
83. Metabolism Under Arctic Conditions
"Metabolic Processes in the Human Organism During the Period
of Acclimatization to Central Arctic Conditions," by N. I.
Makrov and Ya. A. Kimbarovskiy, KLinicheskaya Meditsina, No 5,
May 59, pp 112-116
The authors of this article state that they conducted systematic
daily observations of members of an expedition to the Central Arctic
region who were between 20 and 40 years of age. They were given a com-
plete physical examination by a medical commission prior to their depar-
ture and were all declared to be in good health. During their stay in
the Arctic, the polar explorers were supplied with conventional food which
contained sufficient calories. This food was supplemented by a daily ra-
tion of 0.2 gram of ascorbic acid. Melted snow was used as drinking water.
It was observed that during the period of a:-climatization, lasting
3-4 months, the appetite of polar explorers diminished; thirst, frequent
and abundant uriratioa, increase in th9 pulse rate by 15-20 beats per
minute, and drynes3 of the skin and mucous membranes was also noted. The
morphological picture of l good. did not exhibit any deviation from normal
and the erythrocyte selimentation rate did not exceed 8 millimeters per
hour. The arterial pressure increased 10-15 millimeters during the period
of polar days; the arterial pressure dropped 10-15 millimeters during the
period of polar nights. A disturbance and distortion in nitrogen (protein)
metabolism along with a disturbance in the water-salt metabolism was noted
during the period of acclimatization.
The authors of this article further state that the process of acclJma-
tization is retarded in persons with unstable nervous systems.
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Public Health, Aygiene, and Sanitation
84. Duct Content in the Air of Kiev
"Experiment of the Determination of the Dunt Content in the Air
of Kiev," by G. Ye. Toapko, State Sanitary Inspectors and A. I.
Serebryannaya Chemist, Kiev Sanitary-Epidemiological Station;
Moscow, OlRivena i Sanitariya, Vol 70CIV, No 2, Feb 59, pp 74+-75
Air samples were gathered at three points in Kiev: a thickly populated
rayon where large industrial plants are located, with heavy railroad and
auto traffic; a residential rayon having considerable vegetation and large
industrial plants; and a garden-park area in the city. The greatest con-
centration of dust in the atmosphere was found in,the area of the industrial
plants with railroad and auto traffic. The investigations revealed also
that the dust concentration in the air was considerably greater during the
autumn-winter season than in the other seasons of the year. This may be
explained by the fact that during the autumn-winter season many of the large
industrial enterprises of the city use solid fuel instead of gas for heating
boilers.
85. Brucellar Hides Disinfected With Chloramine
"The Use of Chloramine for Disinfecting Brucellar Leather," by
K. Ye. Yedygenov, Tr. Alma-Atinak. Zoovet, In-ta, No 10, 57,
pp 388-395 (from Referativnyy hurnal -- Biolo i a, No 3,
CPYRGH I Feb 59, Abstract No 121 3
"It was established that a one-percent salt solution of chloramine
reliably decontaminates hides infected with Brucelia in 30 minutes, with-
out lowering the quality of the leather."
86. Problems Connected With Control of Infections
"Our Tasks in the Control of Infections," by S. Muromtsev,
Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology imeni N. F. Gamaleya;
Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 12 May 59, p 2
S. Muromtsev, director of the Institute of Epidemiology and Micro-
biology imeni N. F. Gamaleya, states in this article that vital aspects
of the further development of the national economy will be determined by
scientific achievements. He discusses the problems confronting medical
workers in connection with improving the health and prolonging the life
of the Soviet population.
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In accordance with resolutions of the 21st Congress of the CPSU, the
Institute imeni Camaleya has accelerated research on a number of problems.
The development and practical use of associated vaccines, particularly
against children's diseases, in mentioned as one of the foremost projects
of the institute; it in scheduled for completion on 1961, and includes
the production of a whooping cough-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, and prepara-
tions which contain a poliomyelitis component. Production and testing of
the most complex of the associated vaccines, a vaccine against anacrobia
and intestinal infections, in expected by 1962. Muromtsev points out that
the successful accompl:i.ahment of these tasks is possible only as a result
of research on theories of immunity and intensified biochemical research
on purified preparations free from ballast. He also states that existing
preparations and methods of using them should not be neglected. In con-
nection with improving the efficiency of preparations already in use, it
is pointed out that secondary inoculation can be facilitated by the cutaneous
administration of such vaccines as tularemia and brucellosis. Revaccination
can also be done orally for other infections, and the inhalation method is
indicated for diphtheria and whooping cough.
Testing of the immunizing properties and suitability of chemical
antigens prepared from mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with ultra-
sound should by completed in 1960. Research on an anatoxin to combat
Staphylococcus infections, and on sera for whooping cough and dyspepsia
is scheduled for the next 2 years.
In the field of antibiotics, mycerin was developed this year. The
first practical recommendations for the use of "au:rantin" and "sekazin,"
a wide-spectrum antibiotic, are due in 1960; the institute expects to
coordinate the testing of antitumor preparations with clinicians in 1961.
The next 4-5 years will see the isolation of specific antigens of human
tumors, and new diagnostic methods. Luminescent sera for the rapid diagnosis
of several infections have already been developed, and a pure, dried prepara-
tion for diagnosing rheumatism will be produced in the next 2 years. A lag
in the study of Streptococcus infections, especially angina and rheumatism,
is revealed.
In a brief discussion of medical apparatus, Muromtsev states that
valuable Soviet and imported equipment has been acquired by the institute
in recent years. Equipment mentioned includes a powerful ultracentrifuge;
original" ultrasonci equipment; optical instruments for electron, lumi-
nescence, and ultraviolet microscopy; and microtomes for cutting ultra-
fine sections.
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According to thin article, the institute is planning intensive
research on modern biochemical and biophysical methods of studying the
biochemistry of microorganisms, and the nature of antigens and anti-
bodies. Particular attention will be devoted to protective antigens
found suitable for the prevention of certain infections against which
previously immunity could be conferred only by live vaccines. It is
mentioned that tissue culture methods will be widely employed. Muromtsev
emphasizes the importance of long-term, theoretical work which will 'con-
tribute to the solution of such problems as variability of pathogens, the
material basis of heredity, the origin of bacteriophages, the ultramicro-
scopic structure of microbial cells, the physiological and biochemical
bases of immunity, etc.
Decreasing disease incidence and eradicating a number of infections
are huge and important tasks of Soviet public health during the 1959-1965
period. The institute has developed complex measures for eradicating
typhus in the entire country, and tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia,
leptospirosis, and several other infections in affected areas.
No mention can be made of methods for resolving these problems, the
author continues, without considering the conditions under which the inves-
tigators must work and the opportunities for cooperation with other scien-
tific groups and individuals. Almost all research carried out at the
institute is done in cooperation with other institutes of the Academy of
Medical Sciences USSR, universities, other republics, and clinicians.
Mobile groups of scientific coworkers are set up to cope with special
problems which arise.
The author states in conclusion that the institute is aware of its
obligations with respect to the aforementioned problems and is endeavor-
ing to meet them.
Radiology
87. Lethality of Experimental Anthrax Infection in Irradiated Mice
"Experimental Anthrax Infection in Irradiated Animals," by A. P.
Krasil'nikov and N. A. Izraitel', Chair of Microbiology, Minsk
Medical Institute; Moscow, Meditsinskaya Radiologiya, Vol 4,
No 6, Jun 59, Pp 56-61
This research presents results of a study of the couree of experimental
anthrax infection in irradiated animals. The authors found no data on this
subject in the literature.
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The following problems were studied: (1) The natural resistance of
irradiated animals to experimental infection depending on the interval
between irradiation and infection dose of irradiation, and site of intro-
duction of the infectious material. (2) The time of the onset and the
duration of bacteremia, and the dissemination of microorganisms into var-
ious organs. (3) Quantitative characteristics of bacteremia and the
accumulation of microorganisms in the liver.
Tests were conducted on mice. An attenuated B. anthracis variant, the
first Tsenkovskiy vaccine, was used for infection. The methodology and
results of the experiments are discussed in the text.
C PYRG HT The following conclusions are presented on the basis of these results:
"1. Single total irradiation of white mice by sublethal doses of X-rays
(342 r) decreases the resistance of the animals to anthrax. This, decrease is
noted as early as 24 hours after irradiation, it becomes more pronounced by
the 3d day, and attains its maximum by the 7th day. The resistance is com-
pletely restored between the 12th and 21st days after the effect of irrat.ia-
ti on.
"2. The decreased resistance of irradiated organisms to anthrax is
more sharply manifested in experiments using more massive radiation doses
(550 r).
"3. The decrease in the resistance of white mice subjected to the
effects of ionizing radiation develops after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal
infection. No essential difference was observed in irradiated and control
animals after intranasal and peroral methods of infection.
"4. During the development of radiation sickness, experimental anthrax
is induced by a significantly smaller (by a factor of hundreds of thouaantlo)
dose of infectious agent, develops 1-1 1/2 days sooner, is marked by the
seeding of a greater number of organs and the accumulation in them of a
tremendous (in comparison with controls) amount of microorganisms, and
exhibits lethality for exceeding that in the controls."
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88. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate an Effective Sequestering Agent in Causal
Therapy of Yttrium-91. Poisoning
"The Effectiveness of Certain Sequestering Agents in the Causal
Therapy of Acute Poisoning by'Rs.dioactive Yttrium," by L. A.
11'in; Moscow, Maditsinskaya Radiologiya, Vol 4, No 5, may 59.1
PP 72-76
The therapy of injuries caused by radioactive substances is one of
the most complicated and least advanced fields of radiotoxicology. One
of the most difficult aplrroaches :te to find compounds, i.e.,
sequestering agents, which e,ccelerwte the process of eliminating
those osteotrophic isotopes which become trapped in bone tissue and
remain a constant sourke of radiation hazard for long periods of time.
Radioactive sgtrontium 09, 90, yttrium 90, 91, calcium 45, zirconium95,
and radium22b belong in this group. In this investigation the author
limited his experimentation to compounds -that would accelerate the
elimination of Y91 from mice.
C PYRG HT The author presents the following conclusions:
"1. The effect of benzhydrylaminodiacetic acid, benzylaminediactic
acid, parafucsinhexaacetic acid, and hexamethyenediacetic acid on accelerat-
ing Y91 elimination from white: micH was studied. No positive effect was
noted in using these compounds.
"2. ETDA [ethylenediamiiaetetraacetic acid] possesses a marked stimu-
lating effect on the elimination of 791 from white mice. On the fifth day
after poisoning, the residual activity in the animals treated with ETDA
was half as great as that in the controls.,
"3. The index of the rate of elimination of radioactive substances
from organisms, ?q', is a criterion for the comparative evaluation of the
dynamics of the elimination of radioactive isotopes from experimental and
control groups of animals.
"u+. 'Under practical condliticns,, for the treatment of acute Y91, poison-
ing, it is possible to use ETDA a: a. means of blocking the entratce of Y91
into bone tissue."
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89. Characteristics of the Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Individual
Development
"Data Concerning the Characteristics of the Effect of Ionizing
Radiation on Individual Development," by Yu. M. Olenov, K. F.
Golkovskaya, and A. D. Pushnitsyna, Institute of Cytology,
Academy of Sciences USSR, Leningrad; Moscow, Teitologiya, Vol 1,
No 3. May/Jun 59, pp 293-305
The aim of the present research wan to present certain data on,the
mechanism of the effect of ionizing radiation on individual development.
Tests were conducted on larvae and pupae of Drosophila melanogaster
irradiated by' 1,000-6,000 r from X rays at various stages of its develop-
ment.
Based on the analysis of various data which consist of tables, his-
tological sections, and sketches, the authors present the following con-
clusions:
CPYRGHT
"1. X-irradiation of larvae and pupae lead to the destruction of
parts of the 7eils of imaginal discs, i.e?., rudiments of the definitive
organs of the fly. X-ray induced morphoses are the result of incomplete
reparation of this injury. Their frequency depends on the period of
reparation.
"2. These data make it possible to present a new pathway to an
understanding of "the sensitive period" of ontogenesis. The sensitive
period of a given trait to a given external effect often is that stage
at which the process of reparation caused by the inflicted injury coin-
cides with the period of the determination of the trait.
"3. The destruction of part of the undifferentiated cells and the
deviations thus resulting during the course of ontogenesis evidently are
a general characteristic of the effect of ionizing radiation on the
developing organism. This characteristic should be kept in mind in
developing the theory of the biological effect of ionizing radiation."
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90.
Method ror Studytng Characterint:tcn of Radiation Sicknenn Reoulti.- ,
Prom Phyotcal Streon Dhrri Irradiation
""Concerning the Methodology Studying the Role of Physical Stress
Under Conditions of Irradiation of Animalo," by K. V. Ivanov,
V. V. Nrelygin, V.. P. Malikhov, and Ye. A. Pal'mov (Moscow)-
Moscow, Mcditoinak".zya R,adiologiya, Vol 4, No 5, May 59, pp 84-
-95
The scope of experimental work in the study of the effect of physical
stress on the development of radiation sickness is constantly being
expanded because of the practical significance of thin problem and because
of the possibility of explaining the mechanism of radiation injuries. To
date, on the whole, experimental, work has been devoted to explaining the
significance of physical stress before and at various periods after irradia-
tion, but the cherraeteristies of the action of ionizing radiation occurring
simultaneously with physical stress have been completely overlooked. The
present research describes a method for producing the combined effect of
radiation during physical exertion.
White rate were placed in 10-liter glass cylinders and the cylinders
were then filled with water so that the animals had to swim constantly to
stay afloat. An 8-gram weight was attached to each animal. Physical
stress was c a,:.cul at- d accor4ing to the duration c?f swimming. Irrac?ia.tion
began Imm,ediat-uly after the animals were placed in the glass cylinders
and was accomplished by means of two X-ray instruments, RUM -3 and RUM--11,
simultaneouuiy so that all the parts of the vesFrel had an equal amount of
irradiation, regardless of the position of the animals during the time of
swimming. Each cylinder contained one animal. The temperature of the
water in the vessjils fluctuated between 21 and 23?C. Radiation doses for
each apparatus amounted to 47 r per min, yielding a total of 940 r in 10
minutes, an: 6'11 r in 6 1/2 minutes. In both series the animals developed
acute radiation P3ickn.:ss with its characteristic clinical picture and blood
changes. Tncs- :-rauita were compared with those of controls, and the
CPYRGHTfollowing concl-usic,ns we?ra presented:
"Ii surrmarizing the r;,sults of the first and second series of ex z?i-
ments referred to abun;e, it can be !a1a that the result of temporary phys-
ical strew occurring during the time of irradiation by doses that cause
radiation aickneos of a aevera d,:gr~;a is reflected In the general condition
of the anima"a irruneaiaLeiy after it radie:ti.on, but auhsequantiy it does not
exert a rn&rrked negative effect on the cutcome of radiation injuries."
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r01. nl nturbancen 4.n Enrlocri n, Regulation Compitcat't. Radiation Pnt.hology
"Radiation Effects and the Endocrine System," (Summary of
1~xparimental Datn), by D. E. Grodzcnskiy, All-Union Institute
of Experimental Endocrinology; Moscow, Meditoinnkaya Radio-
l.ogtyn, Vol It, No 5, May 59, pp 77-83
In recent years, a groat amount of experimental data which huu been
accumulated explains the role of thri nervous system in radiation pathology
(report by A. V. Lebodinski.y on "Peaceful Una of Atomic Energy) " presented
at the First International Conference at Geneva in 1955). However, com-
paratively little research has been concerned with the role of the endo-
crine system in the unfolding picture of radiation pathology as a whole,
in the onset, course, and outcome of its various symptoms, and in the
rta;:tlon of the various systems of an organism to ratiation." In this
article the author bringo this subject up to data and presents the funda-
rnc vital Lasko facing the researchers, which he outlines an follows :
1. The study of the functional condition of the glands of internal
secretion, especially during the period soon after irradiation, and also
during the various periods of the formation of the symptom complex of
radiation sickness, especially the explanation of those hormonal functions
which are changed under the effect of ionizing radiation.
2. The elucidation of the possibility of influencing the course of
radiation sickness and the outcome of its various symptoms by the use of
hormonal preparations, i.e., testing the use of hormones both as thera.-
peuttc agents against radiation sickness and as a means of biological
protection for organisms.
The following is a summary of research done to date:
Research on the functional condition of the adrenals of, irradiated
animalsi (a) The value of diuresis after water ingestion under radia-
tion effects; (b) the effect of ;x.CA [^esoxycorticosteron acetate] on
diuresis in irradiated animals.
The content of corticosteroids in the blood flowing from the adrenals
of irradiated rats; (a) The content of corticosterones in adrenal blood of
rats at various periods after irradiation; (b) the content of cortisosterones
in adrenal blood of rats 3 hours after irradiation and the injection of ACTH.
Changes in the chemical composition of the adrenals, the the rate of
synthesis of steroid hormone precursors 1.e., cholesterol.
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CPYRGHT
A nt;ruly of the nrfrr.tn of nomutotropi n hrjrmone (STit) following itn
n-lrni nl atratton to rn tr3 heforr or art;er i.rrnd1.n t ion, and survival rate of
thnl; had received fTii for n pertod of 10 days before their trralla-
i nn. Tn thin neon, STtt provckl to be ineffective if a(ininiaterod after
Irrricii.attion, bit protective If adrnintnterr_d before irradiation. CPYRGHT
glits author t'onciuclen that I'i.n tho complex plcturo of radiation pathol
otry one should di n ti.ngui. nh those features that are mpone by factors of
hormonal regulation," and that the "resolution of the problem of radiation
pnthelogy should not nverlook disturbances in the activity of the endocrine
syc, tarn."
02. Morphological Changoc in Dones Due to Tnjurtes from Plutonium
"Morphological Changes in Bona Tissue l,n Acute and Subacute
Plutonium Injuries," by N. N. Litvinov; Moscow, Meditsinskay
Radiologtya, Vol 4, No 5, May 59, pp 68-72
Because plutonium-239 is an alpha-emitter with a very long half-life,
tts ingestion by organisms and euboequent fixation in bone tissue makes it
very toxic. With this fact In mind, tests were conducted on four groups
of rata (a total of 70 animals) which received plutomium 239. Details of
the cxpertmental work and photomicrographs showing morphological changes
in bone structure due to plutonium injuries are included.
CPYRGH-Pe author presents the following conclusions:
"1. Significant changes were observed in the bone tissue of rats
which received plutonium 239 intraNritoneally in amounts of 0.15, 0.08,
0.04, and 0.02 microcuries/ g of body weight. These changes were most
marked in the long 'bones, and had a definite sequence of development.
"2. During the f t rst few days after the administration of plutonium
239, there were signs of increa.-ed bone resorltion and development ')f fibrous
cellular tissue containing large quantities of osteoclasts.
"3. Starting with the second week, thc.r?~- was a gradual inhibition
of the processes of er_doch%ndral essif.cation and bone reconstruction,
together with a decrease in the amber of osteablasts.
"4. At the peak of injury (3yd.-5th week), complete inhibition of
osteogenests and death i.p the ost,.-:ogenic tissue became evident.
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"`5. Tn tinimnl.n which received 0.04 and 0.02 mi.erocurlt3u of plutonium
of body weight, dtnturbancca in oatcogenesi.a were lens pronounced
I, hat in those which rerci.vod 0.15, and 0,OA microcurieu/g of body weight,
,,ind in the course of the nccond month thorn was a certain amount of reatora-
tton I n hnnr, growth. A large amount; of immature bone tissue formed in the
m,5t,aphys'iu and dl.aphysto.
"(. Toward the end of the 3d month, premature cessation in bone
rrowth wan rioted, and the quantity of immature bone in various parts of
the skeleton increased."
93. Safety in Handling Radioactive Substances
"Problems of Safety in thtc Utilization of Radioactive Isotopes,"
by Engineers A. A. Korzhev, M. L. Zelenokaya, and R. G.
Fr~doueycv; Moscow, Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennoati, Vol III,
No 4, Apr 59, pp 15-17
The article discusses the means and measures for protecting workers
In the petroleum industry from the harmful effects of irradiation when
handling radioactive aubstances. Workers engaged in handling radioactive
substances should be provided with special clothes, rubber gloves, caps,
and aprons. They should also be prodded with means of decontamination,,
All work with radioactive substances should be done in special chambers
provided with exhaust facilities. Liquid waste materials should be
dl posed of into special containers made of concrete and heavy iron.
Dosl.metri.c measurements should be made in the laboratories at least once
a month.
Surge y
94. Seven-Year Fian (1959??1965 for Research in the Field of Sur er.
"Scientific Research i.i: the Fi~id of Surgery in the Projected
Fran for 1959-1965 (According to the data cf the Scientific
manning Commission of the Presidium, Academy of Msaical
Sciences USSR," by Prof 1. M. rrigorovskiy; Moscow, trestnik
Khi.rurgiya, Vol 82, No 6, Jun 159, pp 3-10
The planning of medical sciences for the Soviet Union is done at
present by the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR. Among
50 scientific problems scheduled for scientific research and development
by the academies during the projected Seven-'Years Flan, problems of surgery
and surgical treatment occupy a prominent place in the field of medical
sciences.
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ita,ur,nrch in surgery will emphucri zc thM followings the org;rnra of
i,hc thorar1c cavity, r.r1p.,ct.ally the cardlovancular oyutnm, the gautro-
ir,*r,tt nal tr-ac't and the lun ;;i,; prophylaxi.o and treatment of trauma,
:,h(-"rk, and surgical i.nfrctions; the development of hoterog,,noun and.
~r,t,hc: Gi.t T,inrima nuhntt tut(.%u; the problem of transplantation and reotora-
t.i, m organu rind ti.ooueu, ot3peci.nliy gl.ando of internal uecretton; and the
icon of uynthetic material for the rc+piacement of organs; etc. Significant
improvement and increased production of var:touo medical and optical diag-
nouti.r i.natrumento is planned. Theuc advanceu reveal the close corin"ac:-
tion of uurgr:ry with the lrtteat t iectronic technology, and ita rapid intro-
div. ,Lion into medi cane and surgery.
Soviet Phyt ici.ans Study Acupuncture In Pam
"'Punctures Which 'Jere--A; upuncture" (unsigned article); Bruosele
,
Le Drftpeau Rouge Ma ,azi.ne, 14 Mar 59, p 17
Thta article reports that a group of Soviet physicians went to Peiping
to study acupunct-.re 2 years ago. After their return to Moscow, laboratories
were bet up in Moscow and Leningrad. Directed by Prof N. Grashchenkov, mem-
ber of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, these laboratories are to study
Acupuncture and to extend its use to ail hospitals of the USSR. In 1958,
after a 2-month course, about 100 Soviet physicians returned to their hos-
pitals to report on their experience.
Veterin ry M dlclne
n6. Methods of Ti.tratin, Foot.-and-Mouth Ligease Virus
"Comparative T?itrat.iori of t.h?: 0.-Typo Virus of Fooc-and-Mc,uth
Disease in Tf +sue Culture ~.na On the Longue of a sew," by E.
Kuwert and T. N. Raar,g, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Riems;
Leipzig, Archiv fuer E,c~rr_imerst;~lic: Veterinaerinedizin, No 2,
Mar/Apr 59, pp 293-'r'297 Equally good results wee: cbta.ine:l in a compa.rativF titration of the
cytcpathogenic: type Oy va: cant "?12 ;;"Ko! s'") toot-an.:-mouth dieeease virus
on a ;.ow tongue and in a calf kidn y ::' 1:l c.ult.ur?i!; the d1ffer,-~ncSy in th:l
virus titers obtained by the two rn the"d;+ a.rs slight--..4ithin a power of t ,:.n
in 18 comparative titrationz. in i. of the 18 titra,tions, the values
obtained from the cultures w-er? oru.y? eligntly higher than the-;e obtained
from the cow tongue. The re'3ultis were quite similar to those obtained for
the unweaned mouse and tissue culture by Wesaian and Linter (,Nord.vet.med.,
Vol 8, 1956, pp 795-806) and Mac k owia.k and Lang (Bull .Off .Int. i z.. , No 49,
958, pp 99-105) and for the. unweaned mouse and cow tongue by Skinner,
Henderson and Brooks (Nature, Vol 1699 1952, pp 794-795)
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The exrr.rtmcnto described here proved that the inferdncod derived for
},tv? ti=ac v""1.ture, on the basic of the cow tongue titers. are ;juutified.
7nro,jF{h tube nue or the proper atrai.n of the foot-and-mouth diaiane virus,
In tliun roan i hle, wi th any of the three methods of titration, to obtain
more accurate i.nrormation on the content of infectious virus antigen in
I I cpu ]a and tianuen; the expensive cow tongue method of titration can thus
be replaced by titration in a calf kidney cell culture.
The renultu obtained to these titrationo indicate that in the case
of foot-and-mouth disease, the content of the complement-fixing antigen
arfords only conditt.onal information on the content of infectious virus.
97. Electron Microscopy cf root-and-Mouth Disease
"Electron Minroscopy Studies of the rF'Ine Tissue Changes in the
Case of Foot-and-Mouth Diseaoe in Cattle," by G. Hoffmann,
Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Riems; Leipzig, Archiv fuer
Experimentelle Veteri.naermedizin, Vol 13, No 2, Mar Apr 59,
pp 249-275
The article presents and discusses 25 photo raphs similar to those
published by Sognnaes, Weisberger, and Albright ( .Nat.Cancer Inst.,
No 171 1956, p 329).
The scabs of generalized apthae of a cow's tongue were removed from
the mucous membrane 'by a method proposed by Sjoestrand and Hanzon (&2er.
Cell Res. No 7, 1956, p 393), fixed in a buffered 1% Oj )4 solution t,pri 7."+)
according to a modified Palade method (J.Exper. Med., No 95, 1952, p 285),
embedded in plexiglas in the manner described by Newman, Boryako, and Swerd-
low (Recs. Nat. Bur. Stand., No 43, 1949, p 183), cut with an ultramicrotome
by the method of Niklowi tc (Milcrookopie, No 10, 1955) p 401) and excamin,:d
in the Elmiskop I-Siemens electron microscope.
Two forms of cell nucleus degeneration were distinguished: hyper-
chromatoeis of the nucleus wall and pyknosis. In the majority of cases
of such degenerated nuclei, there were juxta uclear vacuoles, some of
considerable size, sharply separated from the cytoplasm and possessing a
itstinct membrane. In one photograph a cytroplasmatic apace is vioibla
between the nucleuu and the vacuole; in another photograph a large vacuole
seems to be compressing the nucleus, its membrane still completely int;act?,
while in another photograph the membrane is perforated in many places on
the vacuole side or detached from the ?cszyciplasm.
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The ,juxt nuclear vacuo7.eu are produced when -the nuclc:uu is utill
completely I ntac?t. From the iooaened cytoplasm at the edge of the
nucleus, fine filamentu extend out, leaving between thorn optically
empty voida. This in the beginning of a ,juxtanuclear vacuole. A photo-
graph of a more advanced stage uhowu the juxtanuclear vacuole more cleaa?ly
defined and rnor:~ uniform in structure -- the nuclear chromatin has become
denser, and the nucleolun has become much less distinct, which represents
the beginning of pyknosis. However, ,juxtanuclear vacuoles were also found
at nuclei which seemed to be completely unchanged.
The ba1iooni.:.1r type of degeneration commonly described in texts is
revealed here in a most vari_1 form which could not be further classified
into distinct stages, nor embraced in its entirety, on the basis of the
photographs.
The reticulating degeneration is shown here to be initiated by three
things: decomposition by external leukocytic enzymes (vacuoles at the
cell wall); the swelling, decomposition and vacuole-induced enlargement
of the mitochrondr'ia; and the juxtanuclear vacuoles. The leukocytes in
the aph?thae perform three functions: enzymatic decomposition of the cells
from outside, phagocytosis of degenerate nuclei inside the cells, and
phagocytosis of detritus masses.
The follcwinl; peculi.ariti=s were observed. At the beginning cf the
disease, in the stage of the first tendency of the epithelial cells to
dissociate, numerous dense, strongly osmiophilic, round granules 150-250
angstroms in diwneter were distributed in a diffuse pattern among the
cells. In cello, whose nuclei revealed scarcely any degenerative changes,
slightly osmi.ophilic granules were found in the vicinity of the nucleus,
often in clusters and about 80 angstroms in size, similar to forms photo-
graphed and surmised to be the complement-fixation antigen bx Bachrach
and Breese ( -o::. Scc. E`x . . Biol. Med.; No 97, 1958, p 659).
98. Attamut to S:ynth4sius immuni2 inrr RrrvsiTx.las Vaccine
"On the Chenristry and Irr nunochemistry of Phctrrial Substances
and the Technci.gy of Va''cin?s. Feeport No 1: On the Analytical
Che*_ni stry of the Batctrria of Swine Erysi;t,r'ias (E.rysipel.othrix
rhusiol+;i-'1.J f.ec);" by 0. Zinnnrxn:aa:zrl, E. D. Mueller, and H. Uhlig,
Chemical IY_ipartm:-rri;y Rezcarch I-ne-lit.ate for Vaczing., r*ssau;
Leipzig, Archiv fter E. prirnentelle 4eterinaerme-dizin, No 2,
Max- /Ayr 59,7pp
This article gives some data obtained during fundamental erysipelas
research which has been in pr'ogreas at the institute since 1953. Tables
give the average yields of the bacterial mass of various strains, the
nitrogen content of the bacterial mass of various strains, analysis data
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100360001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00360001-4
on 1yophi.li zed bacteria, analysis data on hapten fractions obtained in
ethanol precipitation, analysis data on various hapten preparations,
precipitation titers of hapten fractions isolated by the paper-electrophoresis
method, the components of various amino acids, and analysis data on extraction
residues.
The hapten character of the acid-soluble bacterial component in con-
firmed. The serological activity of the extracted hapten could not be
increased by means of purification. Four carbohydrate-containing peptide
components in the hapten were identified by the paper-chromatographic
method, and their qualitative amino acid composition is described.
Immunizing erysipelas vaccines could not be produced from the extrac-
tion residues of the bacteria.
The chemical composition is approximately the same for the bacteria
of various strains and cultures, but the yield and analytical composition
of the hapten varies.
-74 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08.: CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100360001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100360001-4
99. Prevention of Embrittlement in Austenitic 25-20 Type Welds
"Effect of Chemical Composition of an Austenitic 25-20
Type Weld Joint on the Y--- d Transformation," by B. I.
Medovar and 1'u. B. Malevskiy, Candidates of Technical
Sciences, Institute of Electric Welding imeni Ye. 0.
Paton, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR; Moscow,
Svaro;bnoye Prcizvodstvo, No 4, Apr 59, pp 12-16
Content of magnesium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, nickel, carbon,
copper and nitrogen in automatic weld joints of 12-mm thick sheets of
25-20 type steels (E'1417 and E1533) was varied to determine the effect of
chemical composition on high-temperature embrittlement. Test blanks
held at temperatures of 650, 300, 875 and 900CC for periods of 25 and
3 to 8 thousand hours. Welds with standard Sv-ch25N20 wire exhibited
extreme embrittlement due to the K--- o' transformation resulting from
long heating at temperatures of 650 to 8750C. Manganese in concentrations
up to 4 percent did not affect the rate to sigma-phase formation whereas
molybdenum, tungsten, and copper sharply accelerated this transformation.
Decrease if chromium content from 22-25 percent to 20-21 percent with
nickel conte:it malnxFAned 15 t,; 25 percent 1.-rvducec! a sharp increase
in reoistance to ee.)ritt'! ement at high temperatures. Increase of -carbon
content from 010 to 0.20 percent completely inhibited sigma-phase
formation but resulted in decreased impact strength due to precipitation
of secondary carbides. Nitrogen impeded intense sigma-phase formation
by binding a portion of chromium to form a nitride. Experimental
2xh25N15G7 wire (0.20-0.226% C,, 6-N Mn, 22-25% Cr, it -l E Ni, maximum of
0.3% Si) is recomcnealded as most satisfactory for industrial s,pplication.
100. Welding Eigh?-.ML Irvin , and Active Metals
"Methods of leldi: g Active Metals, -by A. V. :ardvintseva
and K. A. 0.L' ghh?.nski.y, Candidates of. Tech.Aica? Sciences,
Moscow :ig.?:ew Tecr-iica1 ,Scho. i ime=ii Bauman; Moscow,
S?rar chlar,.ve_ ,?i :vc: ds tv