SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100290001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 154
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 4, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 24, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

I N~ORM~R"~ IAN;
 itized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-00141 80001 O~~uO -2
PB 1311191 T-20
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCIENTIFIC
INFORIVlATION REPORT
24 April 1959
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
Issued :emi-monthly. Annual subscription 528.00 X34 additional for ~ ~r S
foreign mailing). Single copy x2.75.
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Use of funds for printing this publication approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget jG~,:y 31, 1958.
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted from
recently received publications of the USSR, Eastern Europe, and
China. The information selected is intended to indicate current
scientific developments and activities in the USSR. in the Sino-
Soviet Orbit countries and in Yugoslavia, and is disseminated
as an aid to the United States Government xesearch.
Table of Contents
Pa e
Biology
Chemistry
Colloidal Chemistry
Def oliants and Herbicides
Fuels and Propellants
Industrial Chemistry
Insecticides
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials
Organic Chemistry
Organometallic Compounds
Miscellaneous
Acoustics and Audio Frequency
Communications
Components
Computers and Automation
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Instruments and Equipment
Miscellaneous
TV. Engineering
V. Mathematics
VI. Medicine
Bacteriology
Immunology and Therapy
Oncology
Pharmacology and Toxicology
5
5
7
8
18
20
22
25
26
27
27
27
30
33
41
42
42
~+4
~+9
56
56
58
59
64
Sanitized -Approved For Release :aC1A-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Physiology
Radiology
Surgery
Veterinary Medicine
Miscellaneous
Page
76
~1
82
84
VII. Metallurgy 97
VIII. Physics 106
Atomic Energy Development 106
Crystallography 110
Mechanics 112
Nuclear Physics 114
Theoretical and Experimental Physics 139
IX. Miscellaneous 143
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
a.. New Theor oy .f "Telergons" Explained
"Telergons and Their Biological Signifficance," by Ya. D. Kir-
shenblat; Moscow, _Us~e~khi Sovremennoy Biologii~ Vol 66,
No 3 (6), Nov/Dec 5-89 pp 322-336
Explains and discusses a new biological concept which concerns the
interrelationships and interactions between the animal organism and its
environment, and between one animal organism and others. The key to the
mechanism of this interaction is the "telergon," which the author defines
in the following paragrapho
"We proposed the term ?telergon? [Telergons -- from Greelc words mean-
ing 'in the distance' and ?action?] for characterization of all biologically
active organic substances which are emitted by animals into the environment,
the basic significance of which is action on other organisms. (Kirshenblat,
1957)? These substances are the opposite of hormones, parahormones, medi-
ators of nerve action and other substances which act as chemical stimulators
or regulators of function only in the same organism in which they are pro-
duced.?'
Reference is made to Bethe?s attempts (1932) to classify all these
substances as hormones; subdivisions were endo- and ectohormones, the latter
of which included the substances for which the name 1?telergonst? is herein
proposed, in addition to fertilization substances developed by sex cells,
odoriferous substances from leaves of plants which repel animals, and
odoriferous substances from flowers which attract animals. Some subsequent
criticism and further development of Bethe?s classification by other in-
vestigators is discussed. Kirshenblat states that his telergons are not
hormones, but are rather products of internal secretion9 or sometimes prod-
ucts of excretion of the organism. He further stateso
"Telergons play an important role in the interrelationships of the
organism with its environment, since by means of them the animal can exert
diverse actions on other organisms which are located within its ~tmmedia?te
surroundings and which ai~e involved in the combination of its cor.dit:l.ons
of existence. One telergon serves the animal as protection against enemies,
another -- for immobilizing prey, a third -- fur attracting nutritive ob-
,jects or other members of its own species, and a fourth -- for action on
members of the opposite sex, etc. Parasites and symbionts develop special
substances which cause characteristic changes in all animal organisms on
which or in which they reside .t?
r av
GHT
RGH
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The article points out that the term in question is purely physio-
logical and encompasses substances of vary diverse chemical composition;
telergons can be proteins9 steroids, alcohols, organic acids, etc. Gen-
~:rr~lly, Kirahenblat subdivides telergons into the following categories:
A. fIo~motelergons -- substances which act on other members of the
same species
1. Gonofions, which cause formation of or changes in sex charac-
teristics
2. Ga,mof ions, which stimulate maturation of sex glands and re-
product~ve processes
3. Epagona which attract other members of the same species
B. Heterotelergons -- substances which act on animals of other
species
1. Progapto;~s, which immobilize or kill prey
2. Aminons, which protect animals from enemies
3. Likhneumons, which are elaborated by Myrmecophils and termi-
tophils and expectorated by ants or termites, on which they
have a stimulating or narcotic effect
4. Xenagons, which are developed by parasites and which act on
the host organism
After a detailed discussion of each of these terms9 the author offers
the following conclusionso
"The range of substances called telergons is not limited to the ex-
amples selected. The interrelationship of animals with the environment is
complex and multiform. Certain aspects of these interrelationships have
not been sufficiently studied up to this time. Therefore, the establish-
ment of still other paths of chemical action, of animals on various organi; rrs
in their immediate environment should be expecteda :Ln connection with thi~y
the necessity for establishing new groups of homo- and rieterotelergons will
undoubtedly arise.
"Further study of telergons should proceed along t?he lines of precise
determination of the site and method of the formation of these substancesy
explanation of their chemical structure9 and discovery of the physiological
mechanisms of their action on organisms which are sensitive t?o them..
CPYRGHT
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"This field of :research p?rom~.ses to be most interesting in very
diverse respect;a and can lead to 'the development of new methods for con-
trolling agricultural pests and parasites, trapping wild animals, fish,
~~.nd commerc:iril in'ver'tebrates, and new methods of controlling reproductive
F~rocesses in a~griculttiral animals ."
CPYRGHT
2. Study and Use of Antibiotics ici Horticulture in Yerevan
"Conference on the Study and Use of Antibiotics in Horticul-
ture," b y Ya. I. Rautenehteyn; Moscow, Mikrobiologiya, No 1,
Jan/reb 59, pp 156-160
A con?~erence on the study and use of antibiotics in horticulture was
held in Yerevan, 8-13 October 1958. It was convolved by the InstitutE of
Microbiology, Academy of Sciences USSR, the Sector of Microbiology, Academy
of Sciences Armenian SSR, and the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology,
All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences imeni V. I. Lenin. The con-
ferenc~ was attended by 300 persons at which 32 reports were given on the
role of antibiotics and other microbial metabolites in nature, on the bio-
logical behavior and mechanism of action of antibiotics on plants, on the
origin and biological sir~nificance of antibiotic resistant bacteria, on
the results of the utilization of certain antibiotic preparations in con-
trolling infectious diseases of crops, and on the use of microbes having
definite antagonistic properties for. the control of pathogens of infectious
diseases of plants.
3. Plants in the Ukraine Showing Increased. Natural Radioactivity
"On the Increase of Natural Radios^tivity in F'lants,9? by Ac-
ademician P. A. Vlasyuk and 0. P. Golykova~ Ulvrainian Scien-
tif is Research Institute of Plant Physiology; Kiev, Dopovidi
Ukrayins~'k~o i_Akademiyi Sil's'kohospoctars'kykh Nauk, N-o z,-
Nov Dec 5th, pp~-'~
After conducting a number of experiments in the study of the natural
radioacti~rity of sugar beet and winter wheat plants, the authors arrived
at the following conclusionso
a. A significant increase in the levels of natural radioactivity in
plants had occurred since 1956 and was due mainly to the permeation of the
rare-earth elements into the plants . Th~:y accounted for SO fo of the over-
all radiation figure.
b. The most radioactive organs of. the plants were the leaves; the
least, the roots of sugar beets and the kernels and roots of winter wheat.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The authors concludcil that; this increase in plant natural radio-
activity can re attributed to the existence of radioactive-contaminated
dusts in the atmosphere and. the earth crust. They urged that more at-
tent9.on be given to this condition.
4.
Prof Ye. S. Smirnov, Soviet Entomologist, Celebrates 60th Birthday
"In Honor of Prof Ye. S. Smirnov," by Ye. N. Ivanov; Moscow,
zashchita Ras+,eniy of Vrediteley i Bolezney, No 1, Jan~Feb 59,
p 59
Prof Yevgeniy Sergeyevich Smirnov, Doctor of Biological Sciences,
head, Chair of Entomology, Moscow State University, celebrated his 60th
birthday on 21E September 1958 and his 35th year of scientific and pedagogi-
cal activities. Smirnov was born in St Petersburg and graduated from the
Moscow University in 1920. Ile remained at the university, and in 1924
began lecturing on zoology. In 1938, he became professor of the Chair of
Entomology and in 1940 its head. He was also associated with the State
Scientific Research Institute imeni K. E.. Timiryazev and the Institute of
Malaria and Parasitology during the years 1924-1938.
He is the author of nearly 70 scientific works on comparative and
experimental morphology, the systematics and theories of systems, and
other entomological sub,~ects.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
TT. CHEMISTRY
Colloidal Chemistry
5e Producing an Aerosol by Dispersion of. a Stream of Superheated Liquid
"On the Dispersion of a Stream of Superheated Liquid,"~by V. A.
Fedoseyev, Odessa State University im. I. I. Mechnikav; Moscow;
Kolloidnyy Zhurnal~ Vol 20, No 1E, ~'u1~Aug 5B, pp 493-x+97
On the basis of experiments performed, the author describes the action
of s~ superheated liquid. When the liquid has been heated above its boiling
point under normal conditions (760 mm Hg) and is discharged into space which
is also at atmospheric pressure, then the liquid will disperse into fine
drops without any external forces or special fittings (nozzles, sprayers,
etc .) .
The experiments have shown that the dispersion of such a spray (aerosol)
depends only on the degree of superheating applied to the liquid and?the
size of the outlet. It was found convenient to correlate the dispersion
of the spray and the vapor pressure equilibrium in the boiler. A Y~yper-
bolic relationship exists between these two quantities. A linear dependence
exists between the diameter of the simplest, round outlet and the droplet
size. Experiments have shown that the disintegrating process of the super-
heated liquid ends several meters away from the outlet. The method described
allows the dispersion of quantities of liquid which, with other methods,
would have required hundreds of horse power. In one experiment 100 liters
of liquid were dispersed in one to 1.5 minutes.
Defoliants & Herbicides
6. Fruit Tree Defoliants
"Chemical Defoliation of Fruit Trees," by 'Yu. 1. Rakitin and
A. Imamaliyev, Institute of Plant Physiology im. K. A. Tim-
iryazev, Academy of Sciences9 USSRy Moscow, Fiziologiya
Rasteniy?, Vol 6, No 1, 19599 pp 61-66
The authors used aqueous so~.utions of magnesium chlorate (hexahydrate)
and endotY~al (disodium salt of 3,6-endoxohexahyrophthalic acid) for the
fall defoliation of fruit trees in the Moscow region. Effective solutions
that should be used contain 0.25-0.5?~0 of magnesium chlorate and 0.075-0.1~?
of endothal.
-5~-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Defoliation improves the readiness of plants for wintering and in-
cree~ses the e~Pficiency of fall and winter measures against plant d9.seases
and garden pests.
Spraying of trees with defoliant solutions not only accelerates the
formation of abscission layers in petioles but also lignification of the
shoots, lowers transpiration, facilitates retention of water in plants
and in the root zone, and makes the plants more resistant to low temper??
atures during the winter.
After wintering plants subjected to defoliation hardly differ from
plaints which were not treated.
7. New ~ierbicides Synthesized
"Synthesis of Herbidides. I. Acid Phthalate Esters of Aryloxy-
ethanols," by S. T. Burmistrov and 0. Kh. Vlasova, Dnepro-
petrovsk Chemicotechnological Institute im, F. E. Dzerzhinskiy;
Kiev, Ukrainskiy Khimicheskiy Zhurnal Vol 24, No 5, 1958,
PP 629- 31
The authors synthesized 14 (described in the text) new acid phthalate
esters of aryloxyethanols and studied their properties for the purpose of
developing new herbicides. The sodium salts of several compounds were
synthesized and analyzed.
The Laboratory for the Control of Weeds of the A11-Union Scientific
Research Institute of Corn conducted the studies of herbicidal activity.
There it was found that of the compounds synthesized the acid phthalate
ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyethanol was the most active.
The authors raeommend the acid phthalate esters for use in the
identif ication of aryloxyethanols because of their precise melting points
and, additionally, they can be identified by the dete~^mination of their
acid equivalents.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
F'ue.ls_and Pro~ellan~ts
~. Kinetics of Nitration of Methane With Nitrogen Dioxide
"The Kinetic Mechanism of the Reaction Between Methane and
Nitrogen Dioxide" by T. V. Fedorova, A. P. Ballod, Ac-
ademician Ao V. Topchiyev, and V. Y'a. Shtern, Petroleum In-
stitute of the Academy of Sciences tYSSR~ Moscow, Doklady
Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 123, No 5, 11 Dec 5q, pP ~~3
The vapor-phase nitration of methane with nitrogen dioxide was in-
vestigated with the view of establishing experimentally whether this process,
and processes of the nitration of alkanes in general, are of the free radical
or chain reaction type. Th.e problem had tv be solved as to whether the ex-
perimentally determined reaction velocity corresponds to the bimolecular
stage of a free radical process that proceeds with difficulty or represents
the velocity of a complex chain process which imitates a bimolecular reac-
tion. It was concluded on the basis of the results obtained that the
primary stage of nitration, which determines the velocity of the reaction,
can be represented by the equation
RA + N02 -~y R ~-- IiN02 (1)
Kinetic data indicate that the nitration cannot be regarded as a com-
plex chain process which imitates a b imolecular reaction (because every act
of the formation of RN02 represents a chain termination, the maximum length
of the chain can be no greater than two stages or links).
The mechanism of the nitration of methane can be visualized as
follows: The stage of the initiation of alkyl radicals according to equa-
tion (1), which has an energy of activation of 30 kilocalories per mol, is
followed by the interaction of these radic:ala with N02 (an interaction
which has a low energy of activvation). N02 functions as a radical-like
molecule in the final stage of the nitration.
9. Incomplete Oxidation of Methane in Fresen:.~e of Nitrogen Oxides
t1The Problem Concerning the Mechanism of ;Inccmplete Oxidation
of Methane in the Presence of Nitrogen O:~tides;,?` by S. F. Gudkov;
Moscow, Zhurnal Pr3lcladnoy Khimii,, 'V'ol 32, No 2, Feb 59, pp 342-
346
It was found that during the incomplete oxidation of methane in the
presence of nitrogen oxides, the ratter erg?er rota rh.emieal interaction.
with stable molecules of methane. A., a result of ?th,.s, free radzca:~s are
formed which give rise to chains of methane o:.~iaat~:~.on. ~tn2 funr?tior_s ~~s
an accelerating agent in this reactions
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Incomplete O?C:LdLLti02"1 of natural gas in the presence of nitrogen
oxides is one of the methods for the production of formaldehyde. It
was known -that this reaction proceeds by a chain mechanism. However,
L?he nature of this mechanism had not been clarified hitherto.
10. Calorific Value of Jet Kerosenes
"The Calorific Value of Aviation Kerosenes Produced by 'the
Thermal Cracking of Mazuts," by M. F. Nagiyev and L. I.
Tryapina, Petroleum Institute, /lcademy of Sciences Azer-
baydzhan SSR; Baku, Doltlady Alsademii Nauk Azerbaydzhansko~j
SSSR, Vol 15, No 1, Jan 59, pp 25-2
The calorific values were determined of aviation kerosenes ob-
tained by the thermal cracking of mazuts derived from Ka,rachukhur crude,
heavy Balaichansk crude, and mazut remaining after the distillation of
a mixture crudes. It was established that the quality of the initial
raw material has a greater effect on +.he calorific value of aviation
kerosenes obtained by the thermal cracking of mazuts than the conditions
of cracking. Among the aviation kerosenes investigated the highest
calorific values per unit of weight were exhibited by kerosenes pro-
duced by the thermal cracking of mazut derived. from Karachukhur crude
while the highest calorific sralues per unit of volume were exhibited by
av:~.ation kerosenes resulting from the thermal cracking of mazut derived
from heavy Balakhansk petrolc-?am. It was established that the calorific
values of aviation kerosenes obtained by the thermal cracking of mazuts
are inversely proportional to the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in
these kerosenes.
[For additional information on fuels and propellants, see Items
No 11 and 12.]
IndLtstrial Chemistry
11. ]expansion of the Production and Application of Oxygzn in the USSR
Under the Current 7-Year Plan
"A new .;tape in the Development o~P the Production and Ap-
plication of Oxygen," ~tuzsigned article); Moscow, Kislorr.,d,
Vol 11, No 6, Nov~Dec 58, pp 1-2
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Production increases in the principal branches of the heavy industry
.planned for 1959-1965 will be accompanied by an expansion of the production
of oxygen in the USSR and increased applications of oxygen. At present,
more than 25~ of the steel produced in the USSR is smelted with the use
c.~f o:tygen. Successful worlt has been begun on industrial applications of
oxygen in the nonferrous metallurgy. In the course of this work it was
established that it is advisable to use oxygen in a number of smelting
processes in nonferrous metallurgy.
In the chemical industry, the application of oxygen has been intro-
duced into processes for the conversion of methane and the production of
technological gas for the synthesis of ammonia. Anew very promising
process that requires large quantities of oxygen is the oxidative crack-
ing of natural gas to produce acetylene. This acetylene is to be used
for the production of a number of important chemical substances, above
all synthetic polymers. The process in question will become of,ma~jor
importance at the enterprises of organic chemical industry that are
being created under the 7-year Plan and will operate on the basis of
conversion of natural gas.
As a result of developments foreseen under the 1959-1965 Seven-
Year Plan, the production and application of technical oxygen in the
USSR will be several times greater in 1965 than in 1958? At large
metallurgical plants oxygen-producing units are required the capacity
of which amounts to tens of thousands of cubic meters per hour. (bcygen-
producing units of equally large capacity will have to be constructed
at enterprises of the chemical industry.
Although aggregates which produce 5 or 12.5 thousands of cubic
meters of technical oxygen per hour have been developed during recent
years, their output is insufficient for the large enterprises mentioned.
For this reason, aggregates producing 30-35,000 cubic meters of oxygen
per hour will be developed and constructed on a continuous ("series")
basis in the near futL~.re as well as high-capacity aggregates which not
only produce pure oxygen and nitrogen but also noble gases (argon and
krypton) as by-products. The development of aggregates for this type
will form the principal task of the oxygen-machine building industry
in the coming few years.
Of decisive importance for a reduction of the cost of oxygen will
be an increase in the volume of its production by building regional
air fractionation plants which will supply with oxygen and nitrogen
metallurgical, chemical, and other ente~?prises of the economic region
in which they are situated.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
12. prospects of Producing Acetylene From Natural Go.s in the USSR
"On 'the Basis of a New Raw Material," by V. Antonov, Chtef
of Administration, State Committee on Chemistry at the
Council of Ministers USSR; Moscow, Promyshlennc-RlconomicYie-
skaya Gazeta, Vo]. 4, No 22 (477), 20 Feb 1 59, P 2
"During recent years, the consumption of acetylene in the chemical
industry reached a very high level. Tt is intended to increase the ca-
pacity for the production of this crude material up to 500,000 tons be-
tween now and 1865.
"The ma,~or part of the acetylene produced industrially in the TJSSR
is derived from calcium carbide. To produce acetylene in this manner
complex equipment is necessary. The use of electric power per ton oi?
produced acetylene gas reaches 11,000-12,000 kw hours. To produce a
ton of acetylene gas, 3.7 tons of c~_1.cium carbide were used while the
capital investment per ton of acetylene was comprised of 3,500-4,000
rubles.
"A short time ago, scientific research institutes initiated work
on the production of acetylene from natural gas. An experimental in-
stallation for the electric cracking of natural methane was constructed
at which this process was carried out nn a semi-industrial scale. The
technological process for the electri cracking of methane is much
simpler th,~n that for the production of acetylene from calcium carbide.
The necessity of using limestone and of conducting the process in cum-
bersome electric furnaces are eliminated.
"An electric arc of high potential acts on the methane .,in the
electric cracking process. The produced reaction gases contains 14~
of acetylene and 57~ of hydrogen. After leaving the reactor the gases
are purified and then conducted into a system where acetylene is sep-
arated by extraction with selectively acting solvents (dimethylforma-
mide, acetone, or butyrolactone).
"The new method is of great advantage from the economic standpoint.
When this method is applied, the cost of acetylene is lower by 25-3
and the capital investment is lower by 50~.
"When electric cracking of methane is applied, one ton of acetylene
is produced from 4,600 cubic meters of natural gas. Furthermore, 3.2
tons of synthetic amr::onia can be produced from 5 650 cubic meters of
by-product gases. The carbon black present in tie gases resulting from
the reaction can be used in the rubber industry.
CPYRGHT
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"Another promising method for the production of acetylene fro;n hy-
drocarbon raw materials is the oxidative pyrolysis of methane. Wnen
th-i.s method is applied, incon;plete combustion of methane in oxygen takes
P.l.t~ce in furnaces of a special design. Apart of the methane is oxi-
cll.zud to carbon monoxide with the formation of free hydrogen, while the
remaining part of the methane is converted into acetylene. The proc:;ss
of the parties]. oxidation of methane talces place within 0.005-0.01 of a
second. The gases formed in the reaction contain 8.5~ of acetylene and
5594 of hydrogen. The by-product gases, which consist essentially of
carbon monoxide and hydrogen, can be used at nitrogen fertilizer plants
foi~ the production of synthetic ammonia. ,
"Zn the oxidative pyrolysis method, one ton of acetylene is pro-
duced from 6,300 cubic meters of natural gas and 3,500 cubic meters of
oxygen are used ?to convert this quantity of gas. In addition to that,
10 tons of steam and 3, 750 lcw hours of electric power are expended (in-
cluding the amount of power required for the production of oxygen).
Prom 10,000 cubic meters of by-product synthesis gas, 4 tons of ammonia
can be produced. This synthesis gas can also be used for the production
of methanol.
"When this method is applied the capital investment is lower by
50?,b than that necessary for the production of acetylene from calcium
carbide. The initial cost is no greater than in the case of acetylene
produced by electric cracking and may be lower than that. In the near
future the Lisichansls Chemical Combine of thz Voroshilovgrad Sovnar-
khoz will complete the construction of a large experimental industrial
installation for 'the production of acetylene by the oxidative pyrolysis
of me?tha,ne.
''Some petroleum gases (propane, butane, a.nd heavier hydrocarbons)
can be subjected to pyrolysis at 1,100? with the formation of acety-
lene. Twelve to th:trteen percent of acetylene are ?then formed. Pre-
liminary data indicate that 5.2 tons of propane or butane and 20-25
tons of steam have to be used to produce one ton of acetylene. Further-
more, 3,000 cubic meters of methane-hydrogen fraction are produced, the
conversion of which can yield 1.6 tons of synthetic ammonia. In ad-
dition to that, 950 cubic meters of ethylene can be isolated from the
gases of the high-temperature pyrolysis. It is proposed to apply the
new process in the Bashkir Economic Region, which has extensive sup-
plies of hydrocarbon gases.
"The application of new methods for the production of acetylene
will make it possible to save hundreds of millions of?rubles and ?to
use new sources of raw materials for the production of diverse syn-
thetic products."
CPYRGHT
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
~ 3. Trc~tcls :Ln the Development of Iieat-Resistant Polymers
"Basic Problems of 'the Chemistry of Polymers," by Academician
V. A. IGargin; Moscow, Ves?tnils Altadernii Nault SSSR, Vol 29,
No 1, Jan 59~ pp 32-13
One of the priricipai directions of research being done at present
i:a worlc on the development of polymers that will exhibit the greatest
ratability at high temperatures and also will be .res:i.stant to light,
radiation, and the action of chemical agents. The best-l~nown poly-
mers which have the required characteristics in this respect are
wholly or partiaJ_ly fluorinated hydrocarbons, primarily polytetra-
r].uo:roe~thylene and its copolymers, which form both solid plastics
rtind elastomers. The temperature at which polymers of this type de-
teriorate may be as high as 400?. This temperature apparently can
~/t:: 1'::1:L FiCd still further.
Organosilicon pe7ymers are also stable at high temperatures. For
instance, organosilicon elastomers can be used in an unusually exten-
sive temperature range (from minus 100? to i,lus 300?). Improvement of
polymers of this class can be achieved by synthesizing polymer chains
which consist not only of alternating atoms of silicon and oxygen, but
also contain atoms of aluminum, zirco,rium, titanium, or other elements.
Another possibility is the introduction of organoelemental groups into
the side-chains.
At present, increased attention is being paid again to polymers.
which contain atoms of phosphorus, nitrogen, and boron in the principal
chain. The simplest of these polymers, namely phosphonitrilic chlorides,
he,ve been known for a long time. The many attempts to replace chlorine
with organic groups in order to protect the polymer from hydrolysis were
unsuccessful. however, a transition to more complex chains and intro-
duction of groups containing fluorine opens up new pos~~bilities for
the development of polymerb of. this type, which are distinguished by a
high heat-resistancA. At present, increasing attention is being paid
to purely inorganic polymers. .
An interesting class of organic polymers which stand temperatures
up to 1+00? are substances which contain aromatic groups in the chain,
:nor instance polyparaxylylene. Organoelemental polymers derived from
substances of this class appear to be very promising.
One of the methods by w}rich polyparaxylylene can be synthesized
is direct combination of free biradicals. Tn experiments that have
beers conducted these biradicals were produced by the pyrolysis of
p-xylene and then isolated by dissolving them in a solvent at a low
temperature. Raising of the temperature brings about polymerization
ci' the radicals. Attempts were made to polymerize radicals in the
:game manner after they have been produced by the photochemical method.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Tn :1tl.dition to the polymerization of free biradicals, polymeriua-
t,ion :Ln ?the solid state :ts of interest. Tn ?the latter case polymeriza-
~t;ton of a frozen monomer :Ls carried out at a temperature which is close
~a l.he melting point. Tt is :tni.tiated photochemically or by the radia-
tton method. Under the conditions applied there is restricted mobility
of the rnolecu:l.es, so that the polymerization ps?ocess proceeds without
irli,erference. The mobility is not great enough to bring about inaeti~
vai;ion oi' molecules that have been excited. Acetaldehyde and acetone
lv~ve bc~en polymerized by this method.
Tn connec?tion with ?the attempts to develop polymers which are stable
zit high temperatures, there is a tendency to look into the synthesis of
oc?ganoclementa:L polymers. One of the lines of research followed in the
synthesis of polymers of this type will be gradual elimination of atoms
of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon in order to acY,ieve a gradual transition
.t'?om org~ln?i.c polymers to inorganic polymers. The structure of a number
of ~.norganic polymers is known, beginning with plastic sulfur and col-
loidrz7. silicon dioxide. At the prer,~nt time an increasing number of
:inv~stiga?tors inclines to the view that silicon glasses and a nlunber
of amorphous salts have the structure of polymers. However, the prin-
cipal distinguishing characteristic of this group of polymers is the
easy regrouping of molecules. One may say that the polymer chains in
glasses are polymer swarms rather than stable chain molec~x].es. How-
ever, swarm systems of this type (e.g. those formed by naphthenic acid
salts or novalacs) exhibit a sufficient elasticity under certain con-
ditions, so that extension of the region with3,n which silicate glasses
and vitreous salts possess an adequate elasticity is not a hopeless task.
Development of fibrous materials of the type of asbestos is also
an i;rrportant problem as far as development of inorganic polymers is con-
cerned.
Almo4t no studies have been carried out on laminar ("plane") poly-
mexs. Alumosilicates and presumably coal~are polymers of this type.
Lacking characl~eristics which depend on the flexibility of molecular
chains, they represent systems that are intermediate between true poly-
mea~s and typical suspension colloids. Laminar polymers are capable of
melting and flowing. Processes connected with the destruction of poly-
mez? planes or layers and also processes of radical polymerization must
occur in them. The phenomena of chemical flow presumably are also
exhibited by them. Their properties carp in all likelihood be modified
by the grafting of linear polymers. Study of the laws which govern tt.e
behavior of polymers of this class is bound to lead to unique results
as far as the possibilities oi' applying these polymers are coxrcerned.
-13-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
].!~~. Meauttres Talcen by the Presidiumn of the Academy of Sciences USSR to
r.xpedi?te Worls on Polymers
"Devc7_opmen?t of Theore?tica]. Woz?lc and R~sea,rch :in the rie].d
of Pc~].ymers" [unsigned art:Lcle]; Morcot?r> Vestnil, Acadcmii
ilaulc SSSR, Vol 2g, No 2, F'eb 59, p 85-t~6
"The Presidium of the Ac;tidemy of Sciences USSR noted that the acad-
ern;/ has begun work on the mobilization of scientific effort in order to
expedite ?theore?tical investigations and experimenters research in the
field of polymers and initial. monomers and also in order ?to so1.ve actual
scient;:tfic and technical problems with the purpose of developing; ~L?ech-
nol_ogical processes for the production and application of synthetic ma-
terials that will have to be produced by the industry in the fo1].owing
S'ez?r ,years. The pro~,ect of a plan for scientific research that should
lac conducted in 1958-.1g65 has been prepaa.?ed. This plan covers the most
:important lines of research to be done. A 7-year p]_an for the prepara-
tion oi' aspirants in ,~peeialties connected with ?the production of poly-
me~~ materials has also beer. adopted.
"A ntunber of ox?ganizational measures has been talten. The fo:Ll.owing
ne~?r institutes have been organized within the framework of the Academy
of Sciences USSR: the Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, the In-
stitute of the Geology and Mining of Mineral fuels, the Tnstitute of
0-rganic Chemistry at Novosibirsk and Irkutsk, and the Institute of Ca-
talysis at Novosibirsk. An Tnstitute of Organic Chemistry is being
organized at Kazan' . At ?tAi~: Academy of. Sciences Ukrainian SSR, an
Institute of the Chemistry of Polymers and Monomers has been organized.
At the Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR, an Institute of the Chemistry
of Polymers has been organized.
"At the Institute of Chemical Physics; Academy of Sciences USSR,
nets laboratories have been opened which are active in the field of
high-molecular compounds. At the Institute of Organoelemental Com-
pounds the research done in a ,.v~~~~er of laboratories has been ex-
panded considerably. A Laboratory of Organoaluminium Synthesis has
been created at this institute. Research on polymers has been ex-
panded at the Institute of $igh Molecular Compounds, the Tnstitute
o:~' Organic Chemistry, and elsewhere.
"The publication of Express Information [Ekspress-Informatsiyaj
bulletins in the series of synthetic high-molecular materials has
beers expanded. The publication of abstrs,cts and reviews on the most
important problems of the chemistry of high-molecular compounds, the
lublication of the periodical Vysokomolekulyarnyye Soyedineniya, and
the publication'of a popular science series on polymers have been
provided for.
CPYRGHT
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"Iiowever, the Presidium retards t17e worlt that has been done as in-
adequate. The institutes transfer their effort too slowly to the
furthering of research on such important subjects as inorganic polymers,
the scientific basis of the application of polymer materials, and natu-
ral polymers. The institutes of the Departments of Biological, Tech-
niral, and Physico-Mathematical Sciences are lagging a,s far as their
participation in zaorlt on high-molecular compounds is concerned. In
plans made for 1959, insufficient attention is paid to the precise
formulation of actual problems in the theoretical field and particu:-
.larly in th? field of experimental research aimed at the point solu-
tion with the industry of practical problems pertaining to the pro-
duction and application of polymer materials. The coordination of
research in the most important fields is inadequate.
"The Presidium approved the collated pro;'ect of a plan for the
most important scientific re~~axch work to be done in the field of
polymers in 1959-1965. This rro;ject imposes on the institutes which
work in the field of the physics and chemistry of polymers more pre-
cise formulation of subject matter plans for 1959 with the view of
expanding to tale greatest possible extern work in the field of high-
molecular compounds. These plans must also assure a high priority
for research conducted in connection with the projected work on
high-molecular compounds and bring about complete clarification with
respect to the formulation of problems in the theoretical field and
problems that are to be solved in collaboration with the industry
as far as the production and ~ application of po].ymeY? materials which
must be produced by the industry within the following few years are
concez~ned.
"The directors of institutes must exercise constant supervision
so as to make certain that assignments on high-molecular compounds
are carried out and see to it that systematic discussion of the
status of work in this field takes place at meetings of the scien-
tific councils. The Council on High-Molecular compounds, the Council
on the Chemistry of Naturally Occurring and Biologically Irrrportant
Compounds at the Department of Chemical Sciences, and the Scientific-
Technical Council for the Coordination of Scientific Research in the
field of the Chemical Conversion of Petroleum Hydrocarbons at the
Presidium of the Academy of Sciences USSR must regularly subject to
scrutiny the status of research conducted along the most important
lines of work in this field and tare care of its coordination."
15
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
-.5 ? Operation of an El.ect.rodica,lysis Instal:latioii for the Desalting of
Sea Water on u USSR Sh~.p
"A Great Economic Advance: Electrochemical Desalting of Sea
Water," by A. Kha:Ls (Odessa); Moscow, Pa?omyshlenno-Elconomi-
cheslcaya Gazeta, Vol 1N, No 32 (487), 15 Mar 59, p 2
Up,to now the supplies of fresh water required on ships during a
run were replenished by operating evaporators. Evaporators are not
economical in operation; the requirements for fresh waiver to be used
in boilers and for household needs on board ship cannot be fully satis-
fied by distilling sea water. Anew solution of the problem was found
by a group of engineers of the Black Sea Steams hip Company, who de-
signed an installation for the electrochemical desalting of sea water.
Electrolytic desalting is carried out with the application of spe-
cial membranes or diaphragms consisting of ion-exchange resins. Puri-
fication of the water begins instantaneously after the current has been
switched on. Under the action of the current, the water that passes
through the chambers and diaphragms of the installation is separated
into two fractions: desalted water, which is conducted into the fresh-
water tanks, and brine saturated with salts.
Electrochemical desalting is of great advantage from the economic
standpoint. On vessels which will be equipped with desalting installa-
tions, the costs for rc-pairs, the cleaning of boilers, and "antineki-
pin" (an antifouling compound) will be reduced. The expenditure of
time required for taking fresh water on board will be eliminated en-
tirely.
These conclusions are supported by practical experience. The
S. S. Tula formerly took on board 200 tons of fresh wa'cer for the run
from Poti to Zhdanov and 150 tons for the run from Odessa to Varna,
Bulgaria. After being equipped with the new installation, this ship
carries hundreds of tons of additional cargo. An annual economy
amounting to 500,000 rubles is achieved thereby.
The installation for electrochemical desalting is constructed of
materials which resist corrosion and the action of salt water: its
principal parts are made of viniplast, polychlorovinyl plastic, and
chemically resistant rubber. Preparations are being made at present
for the continuous production of installation of this type.
The electrochemical method for desalting of sea water has a
great future. It can be applied not only in sea transportation, but
also in railroad transportation, in the industry, and in agriculture.
Application of this method is particularly promising in virgin lands,
where saline waters have to be treated.
-16-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The complex ,joints and parts of the installation where designed and
coxistructr~d by the engineers Orzherovskiy, Kunitsltiy, Zagoruylto, Shul' ga,
and Shko7.yar and the mechanics Yankovakiy, Va1'ter, and Gubar'.
16. Research on Polye].ectrolytes and Prospects of the Appplication of
Substances of This Class
"Basic Problems of the Chemistry of Polymers," by Academician
V. A. Kargin; Moscow, Vestnik Akademii Nault SSSR, Vol 29,
No 7., ,Tan 59, PP 32-x+3
Polymeric acids and bases are attracting increased attention of in-
ves~~.igators in connect??~on with work on the development of new ion-exchange
resins and semipermeable membranes and also in connection with experiments
in which models of biological objects are constructed. Perhaps no less
interesting than problems related to ion-exchange agents are those per-
taining to the development of analogous systems which exchange complexes
rather than ions. It is possible that resins capable of exchanging com-
plexes will exhibit a considerably higher selectivity than ion exchangers
and will be useful for l;he separation of mixtures of metals. Of im-
portance is also work on the application of optically active ion-exchange
resins for the separation of racemic subs?ha,nces, although attempts along
this line have not met with any success 3.~itherto.
A new line of research is the development of membranes consisting
of strong polymeric electrolytes. For example, films of this type which
consist of a polymeric acid, repel the anions of any salt and are for
this reason permeable only for cations. Semipermeable membranes of
?bhis type are of exceptional interest for use as diaphragms in elec-
trolytic processes and for modelling biological semipermeable membranes.
If the solution of a salt of a strong electrolyte is filtered through
a membrane of this ?~ype, the filtrate will consist of pure water, while
the solution of the sat will be concentrated above the membrane. To
accomplish this, a pressure must be applied which exceeds the osmotic
pressure of the salt solution. To carry out a process of this type
membranes are needed which will have a sufficient strength and at the
same time will be sufficiently permeable. This problem is being solved
by applying ion-exchange resins in the form of powders the grains of
which are cemented together with the use of a polymer adhesive. Another
possibility is grafting by the radiation method of polymer electrolytes
to mechanically strong membranes which serve as carriers.
It has been known for a long time that when oriented fiber consist-
ing of polyelectrolytes are acidified or made alltaline, the fibers con-
tract or elongate because of changes in the charge and shape of the
polymer chains. Recently, W. Kuhn and his coworkers showed that expan-
sions and contractions of this type can be brought about by changing
the pH of the solution (for instance, a weakly dissociating polymeric
alcohol can b oxidized to a strongly dissociating acid and this acid
again reduced.
- 17 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
In this manner contraction and elongation of an oriented polymer can
be accomplished at a consta~,lt value of the pH as a result of the action of
oxidants and reducing aaentr~. When Vitamin K and platinum black were in-
troduced into a system of this type they functioned as an intermediate
redox sye~em and brought about expansion and contraction of a synthetic
model of a muscle under the action of gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. If
this principle is transferred to membranes, one can at a constant value
of the pH change within wide limits the adsorption capacity and per-
meability of these membranes by merely changing the redox characteris-
tics of the medium. Work along this line is promising not only from
the standpoint of modelling biological processes but also because of
the possibility that processes of this type can be usefully applied.
[For additional information on industrial chemistry see Item
No 9.]
Insecticides
17. Work on the Development of More Infective Insecticides
"In the Field of Organic Insectofungicides. XXXVII. The
Synthesis of Certain Mixed Esters of TY:io- a,nd Dithio-
phosphoric Acids," by ya. A. Mandel'baum, N. N. Mel'nikov,
and P. G. Zaks, Scientific Institute x'or Fertilizers and
Insectofungicides; Moscow, Zhurnal Gbshchey Khimii, No 1,
Jan 59~ pP 283-285
For the purpose of studying the dependence of the insecticidal action
of mixed esters of thio- and dithiophosphoric acids on their structure and
searching for new effective insecticides, a number of mixed esters of
thio- and dithiophosphoric acids, never before described in the litera-
ture, were synthesized.
The compounds are characterized by the following general formulas:
(C2H50)2~-XCH2CON~R~r (C2H50)2P-XCH2COOAr (C2H50)2~XCH2COSR
R
The properties of the 23 compounds synthesized are presented in a table.
- 18 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
A study of the contact insecticidal properties against the barn weevil,
conducted by V. V. Popov and N. S. Ukrainets, indicated that all the com-
pounds of this type were inferior to 0,0-diethyl-O,lE-nitrophenylthiophosphate.
It le interacting to note that the most active contact insecticide snythe-
sized in this group is 0,0-diethyl-0-carb-4-nitrophenoxymethylthiophosphate.
A fairly active systemic acaricide is 0,0-diethyl-0-diethylcarbamidomethyl-
thiophosphate.
In addition, it was shown that the reaction of sodium and potassium
diethylthiophosphates with the amides and esters of monochloroacetic and
monochlorothioacetic acids in acetone leads to the formation of thiono
isomers.
18. Anthracene Insecticides
"Insecticide Preparations From Crude Anthracene: Their Prep-
aration and Properties," by N. I. Burda, Nauchn. Tr. Ukr. N.-I.
In-ta Ovoshchevodstva i Itartofelya (Scientific Works of Ukrain-
ian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable and Potato Cul-
tivation), 1957, No 4, 265-271 (From Referativnyy Zhurnal--
Khimiya, No 23,~ 10 Dec 58, Abstract No 7 27 by I. Mil'shteyn)
The insecticidal properties of the following preparations based on
anthracene (I) were studied: I with the addition of 3~ and 5$ of hexa-
chlorocyclohexane, the product obtained by the interaction of I with
petroleumn sulfonic acids, sulfonated I, and the product obtained by the
interaction of sulfonated I with petroleum sulfonic acids. Aphids of
cucumbers, cabbage, sorrel and apple trees were completely eliminated
by a 0.3 - 0.4 em~,z].sion of the preparations. The effect of hexachloro-
cyclohexane on the insecticidal .properties of the preparations becomes
evident in dilute emulsions ( ~ 0.~+~).
19. Insect Repe]_lent Activity of Esters of Tetrahydrophthalic Acid
and Its Homologs
"Esters of Tetrahydrophthalic Acid and Its Homologs as Insect
Repellents," by A. P. Terent'yev, A. N. Kost, Ye. Kh. Zolota-
rev, Ye. V. Vinogradova, T. V. Kalkutskaya and I. A. Yurgen-
son, Moscow State University im M. V. Lomonosov; Ivanovo,
Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy -- Khimiya i Khimiche-
skaya Tekhnologiya, No , l95 pp 55-~
The authors synthesized and characterized nine tetrahydrophtha-
lates to investigate their insect-repellent activity. They found
that dimethyl esters of tetrahydrophthalic acid and of its homologs
are practically equivalent to the dimethyl ester of phthalic acid
-19-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
(dimethylphtha]ate) in repellent activity toward the mosquito Aedes
aegypti. The introduction of a methyl or methylene group into the
structure of dimethy].tetrahydrophthalate does not substantially in-
fluence its activity.
The effects of additives on the persistence of the repellent ac-
tion of dimethylphthalate and dimethyltetrahydrophthalate were also
investigated.
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials
20. Properties of Niobium
"ApplicatiorB and Properties of Niobium," by G. V. Zakho-
i?ova, T. A. Popov, L. P. Zhorova, and G. V. Kurganov;
Moscow, Tsvetnyye Metally, Vol 32, No 1, Jan 59, PP 73-82
The physical characteristics of niobium, its mechanical properties
from the standpoint of metallurgical applications, and its behavior
toward oxygen are reviewed on the basis of USSR and non-USSR publica-
tions. It is pointed out that addition of niobium improves the heat
resistance of alloys such as chromium-nickel-aluminum and chromium-
nickel-cobalt. The advantages of applying niobium in the construc-
tion of nuclear reactors are emphasized. It is pointed out that
niobium exhibits a considerable strength and ductility both at roam
temperature and elevated temperatures; that it has a good resistance
to corrosion; that it does not react with liquid metals (sodium above
800?, lithium, mercury, bismuth, tin, and below 800? lead); and that
it has a relatively low cross-section of neutron capture.
A bibliography consisting of 12 references (two of which are of
Soviet origin) is appended to the article.
21. USSR Book on Borate Glasses
Boratnyye Stekla [Borate Glasses], by L. Ya. Mazelev, Pub-
lishing House of the Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR,
Minsk, 1958, 172 pp
This book attempts to investigate, and subject to systematic
treatment, 7:he technology of glass manufacture, the processes and
reactions leading to glass formation, the crystallization of glasses,
and the composition of the products of crystallization, the physico-
chemical properties of glasses and correlations between these prop-
erties, the composition and structure of glasses, and methods far
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
the calculation of the properties of glasses as far as borate glasses
are concerned. The introduction points out that lithium borate glasses
are applied extensively in different fields of industry and science and
are very promising from the standpoint of applications as material for
electronic vacuum tubes, optical glasses, glasses which either transmit
X-rays or absorb them, glasses which absorb neutrons, glasses to be
used as material for reactors, glasses with a high microhardness, ma-
terials for the production of glass fibers and enamels, etc. The pos-
sibility of applying glasses of this type as a shield protecting against
thermal neutrons and~or short-wave radiation is pointed out in the con-
clusion. As far as glasses containing cadmitur- oxide are concerned, it
is brought out on the basis of non-U5SI~ publications that this oxide
is being applied extensively as a component for the production of
glasses absorbing neutrons. The table of contents of the book follows:
Table of Contents
Glass Formation Diagrams in the Systems B2 03 -Lit 0-Me 0
(where M Be, Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, or P'b); Tech-
nology and Conditions of Production and Treatment of
Glasses in the Systems Mentioned
Crystallization of Borate Glass and Composition of the
Products of Crystallization
Physico-Chemical Properties of Borate Glasses
Effects of Additions of Si02, A1203, or Zr02 on the
Glass Formation and Physico-Chemical Properties of
Borate Glasses '
Calculation of the Properties of Borate Glasses
Conclusions
Appendices [Tables]
Bibliography
Page
53
7~+
log
128
137
167
CPYRGHT
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
22. A Method for the Production of Yttrium Metal
"The Production of 'Kttrium Metal," by L. A. Tzhvanov and
N. P. Vershinin; Moscow, Tsvetnyye Metally, Vol 32, No 1,
Jan 59, pp 44-47
The method of fractional precipitation of ferricyanictes is not
suitable for the separation of pure yttrium in considerable quantities
because of the formation of precipitates difficult to filter; ion-
exchange chromotography is preferable for the isolation of yttrium.
A method for the production of metallic yttrium by the reduction
of yttrium fluoride with calcium has been developed. ,furthermore, a
method for the purification of yttrium from calcium by remelting in
vacuum was devised. The interaction of tantalum with yttrium was
investigated.
[For additional information on nuclear fuels and reactor construc-
tion materials see Ttem No 120.]
Organic Chemistry
23? Organophosphorus Research
"Acyldiethylentriamides of Phosphoric Acid," by L. D.
Protsen_ko and K. A. Kornev, Ukrainian Scientific Re-
search Sanitary Chemical Institute; Kiev, Ukrainskiy
Khimicheskiy Zhurnal, Vol 2~+, No 5, 1958, PP~3 - 3S
The acyl derivatives of diethylentriamides of F:~osphoric acid
were prepared and characterized. The authors had previously reported
on the aryl derivatives in Volume 22 of this same periodical (Ukrain-
skiy Khimicheskiy Zhurnal, Vol 22, 782, 1950
Upon reacting dichloranhydrides with ethylenamine in the presence
of triethylamine the acyldiethylentriamides of phosphoric acid are'
formed. As follows:
,~ CH2
CHI O~N~C
R-CO--NH-POC12 -{- 2 I NH ---,~ R-CO-NH-P ~ -}- 2HCl~
CHI ~~~
~2
where R represents the following radical: benzoyl, Para-nitrobenzoyl,
para-bromobenzoyl, Para-iodobenzoyl, Para-chlorobenzoyl, Para-fluoro-
benzoyl, para-methylbenzoyl and cinnamoyl.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
2t~. Amino Esters I';xtiibiting Cholinolytic Properties (1)
"investigation of Deri*ratives of Substituted Acetic Acids.
Report XVI. Diallcylaminoethyl Esters of Beta-alkylmercap-
toethylphenylacetic Acids," A. L. Mndzhoyan, G. T. Tatevos-
yan, and N. M. Divanyan, Institute of Fine Organic Chemis-
try, Academy of Sciences, Armenian SSR; Yerevan, Izvestiya
Akademii Naulc Armyanslcoy SSR, Khimieheskiye Nauki, No?, r
Vol XI, 195 ~ pp ~39-
The amino esters (12 in all; not previously described i.n the
literature) of beta-alkylmercaptoethylphenylacetic acids were synthe-
sized and characterized. The purpose of the work was study of the
cholinolytic properties of the compounds in question. These ~om-
pounds have the following general formula;
R - S - CH2CH2 / R'
NCH - CO - OCH2CH2N
c6x5 ~ ~R
where R c CH3, C2H5, C3H7, iso-C3H7, C~I~j, iso-C~,H9; and Rr CH?
C2H5.
The formulas and the physico-chemical data are presented in three
tables.
The authors propose to publish the results of the biological in-
vestigation of the synthesized compound, in a separate report.
25? ~~ Esters Exhibiting Cholinolytic Properties (2)
"Inves?tigation of Derivatives of Substituted Acetic Acids.
Report XVII. Dialkylaminopropyl Esters of Beta-alkylmer-
captoethylbenzyl- and Beta-alkylmercaptoethylphenylacetic
Acids," by A. L. Mndzhoyan, G. T. Tatevosyan, and N. M.
Di~~ranyan, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, Academy of
Sciences, Armenian SSR; Yerevan, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk
Armyanskoy SSR, Khimicheskiye Nauki, No , Vol XT, 195 ~
PP 5- 51
For the purpose of studying the cholinolytic properties of dialky-
laminopropyl esters of beta-alky7.mercaptoethylbenzyl- and beta-alkyl-
mercaptoethylphenylacetic acids, the authors synthesized 12 esters of
the former and 35 of the latter group. They proceeded to characterize
some of their physical and chemical properties.
23
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The aminoesters of beta-alkyltnercaptoethylbenzylacet~.c acids were
obta:~.ned by interacting aminoalcohols and the acyl chlorides of the
corresponding acids in araolute benzene.
The beta-alky:lmercaptoethylphenylacetic acids were transformed into
aminoesters by heating the acids with aminoalcohols in absolute toluene
with the simultaneous removal of the reaction-formed water.
26. Adrenaline Derivatives Synthesis
"Synthesis of Several Derivatives of Adrenaline. II. The
(lxime and Semicarbazune of d,l-Adrenochrome," by A. L.
Remisov, Military Medical Academy in Kirov; Leningrad,
Zhurnal Obshchey Khimii, Vol 28, No 12, Dec 58, PP 3338-45
The author developed the synthesis and investigated the properties
of the monoxime and the monosemicarbazone of d,1-ad,renochrome, infoxr~a-
tion concerning which is almost completely lacking in the literature.
According to data obtained by potentiometxic titration, the author
determined. the acid-dissociation constants of th?se compounds.
Previously ~undescribed picrates of the monoxime and the morio-
semicarbazone of d,l-adrenochrome were prepared and analyzed by the
author.
On cc-.nparing the color and the acid-base properties of adreno-
chrome with its oxime and semicarbazone, assumptions were made for
the probable structure of these compounds.
27. Canceroly-tic and Antimitotic Compounds Synthesized
"Investigation of Amines and Theia? Derivatives. Report VI.
Methyl Esters of Alkyl-S-Alkoxymethylfurfuryl-2-Carbamino
Acids," by A. L. Mndzhoyan, V. G. Afrikyan and G. L.
Papayan, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, Academy of
Sciences, Armenian SSR; Yerevan, Izvestiya AkadPmii Nauk
Armyanskoy SSR, Khimicheskiye Nauki, No ,Vol 'XI, 195~s,
pn 29- 31
The authors synthesized 12 methyl esters of a~ky~-5-alkoxymethyl-
furfuryl-2-carbamino acids, not previously described in the literature,
for the purpose of studying their cancerolytic and antimitotic prop-
erties. The characteristics of.the compounds in question were investi-
gated. This class ox' compounds is represented by the following gen-
eral formula:
24
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
ROCII2
CII2 ~
1 / N - C - OCH2
R 0
where R CI~i3, C2H5, C31i7, iso-C3H7, C4H9 or iso-C~H9; and R' CH3 or
C2H5.
The data obtained upon investigation of the physiological activity
will be the subject of a separate report.
Organometallic Compounds
28. ,Organoantimony Compounds
"Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds of Pentavalent
Antimony by Arylation of Organoantimony Compounds, ArSbX2
and Ar2SbX, with Diazo Compounds," by A. N. Nesmeyanov,
0. A. Reutov, 0. A. Ptitsyna, and P. A. Tsurkan, Moscow
State University im. M. V. Lomonosov; Moscow, Tzvestiya
Alcademii Nauk SSSR - Otdeleniye Khimicheskilth Nauls, No 12,
Dec 5 , PP ~~3~-14~+4 '
The authors arylated organoantimony compounds of the type, ArSbX2
and Ar2SbX, with the aid of diazo campounds and various double dia-
zonium salts. They found that a satisfactory method for preparing the
compounds, ArAr'SbX , appears to be the interaction of aryldiiodosti-
bines with the doub~e diazon:ium salts of antimony trichloride.
A method was developed and described for synthesizing compounds
such as Ar~1r~SbX2 by interacting Ar25bX with diazoacetate or the
double diazonium salts of metallic chlorides.
Compounds such as ArAr SbX were isolated in the form of diaryl-
stibinic acids and were identified as double diazonium salts, ArAr~
SbC13. Ar'~N2C1, according to a method devised by 0. A. Reutov and
A. Markovskaya (vide Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 99, P 543, 1950
Alcoholic HC1
ArAr~Sb ~. - ~ ArAr SbC13,
ArAr~ SbC13 -+- Ar~~ N2Cl ? reCl3 -~ ArAr~ SbCl3 ? A~~ N2C1-~-FeC13 .
Twenty compounds are listed in a table; the percentage yield and
the melting point of each are given.
- 25 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
biiscellazieous
2y. New Periodical. "High Mo:Lcc:d.ar Compounds"
"Vysokomo].elculyarnyye Soyedineniya"; Leningrad, Zhurnal
Obshchey IQ~imii, Vol 28, No 12, Dec ].958, Hach Cover
Announcement was made that a new Russian periodical, entitled
Vysokomolelcu].yarnyye Soyedineniya (High Molecular Compounds), would be
released in 1959?
Th:.s periodicalL, to be issued 12 t:l.mes yearly, will be the organ
of the Academy of Sciences USSR, in the field of the chemistry and
physics of polymers and monomers. General problems concerning the
theory of high molecular compounds, which possess great value for the
development of the production, treatment and application of polymer
materialr~ will be covered by the publication.
Original thecretical investigations will be published in the
periodical as well as the results of experimental worlt on high molec-
ular compounds completed in institutes and laboratories of the Acad-
emy of Sciences, USSR, higher educational institutions (VUZs), and
industrial enterprises. Foreign authors are invited to send ma-
terial for publication.
26
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
ITI. ELECTRONICS
Acoustics and Audio Frequency
30. High-Intensity Ultrasonic Waves
"Generation of High-Intensity Ultrasonic Waves in Liquids," by
A. K. Iiurov, Laboratory of An:lsotropic Structures, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Moscow, Akusticheskiy Zhurnal, No 4, Oct/Dec 58,
PP 315-320 - .
Until very recently the acoustic power in a parallel beam from a
piezoelectric generator was limited to 70 w/cm2. Recent research at the
Laboratory of Anisotropic Structures, Academy of Sciences USSR, under the
direction of the author has shown that?it is possible to obtain a non-
focused beam of about 300 w/cm2 intensity for continuous operation and as
high as 500 w/cm2 for pulsed operation (pulse duration 400 microsec).
High-frequency tube oscillators were built for the fixed frequencies
of 250, 'T50, 1,500 and 2,000 kc to drive high-intensity piezoelectric
ultrasonic wave generators. Such oscillators were assembled with a seven-
stage circuit with independent excitation, anc~ were capable of delivering
30 kw power. Analysis of the cross section of the ultrasonic beam has
disclosed the presence of two distinct zones: the effective zone and the
zone of scattered radiation.
E. S. Zelinskiy, T.. N. 7_~huchkova, A. M. Il'inskiy and S. I. Zhavoron-
kin participated in this work. ?
Communications
31. Noise-Immunity of Auto-Correlation Reception
Noise-Immunity of AM Auto-Correlation Receiver," by L. Z.
Rlyachkin; Moscow, Radioekhnika, No 2, Feb 59, pP 25-30
The article analyzes the effect of delay time and tie filter band-
pass on the signal-to-noise ratio gain for auto-correlation reception,
and makes a comparison with the similar effect for reception with quad-
ratic detector. It was estimated that for the conditions of optimum fil-
ter band-pass the average gain throughout the whole spectrum of modulat-
ing frequency is less than 1.5 db, and that for conditions of band-pass
greater than the optimum the gain increases to 3 db.
- 27 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Examination of the behavior of the auto-correlation receiver leads
to the conclusion that at low values of signal-to-noise ratio the auto-
correlation FM receiver possesses higher noise-immunity with respect to
fluctuation noises that an equivalent receiver with quadratic detector.
But with an increase of signal-to noise ratio the advantage of auto-
correlation reception disappears.
32. Recent Soviet Patents in the Field of Communications
"Authorship Certificates" (unsigned article); Moscow, Elektros-
vyaz', No 2, Feb 59, p 78
Class 21a1, 32. No X15124. S. P. Khlebnikov and P. A. Anikeyev. A
Method for Magnetic Head Mounting in Recording Equipment Utilizing a Stiff
Carrier.
Class 21a1, 3512? No 115127. G. V. Braude. A Method for Compensat-
ing Non-Uniformity of Filth Movement in Systems with Scanning Beam Tubes.
C:iass 21a1, 3530? No 111+886. M. G. Garb and V. M. Sigalov. A
Method of Centralized Synchronization.
Class 21a1, 36.
No 111813.
B. I. Strelkov.
Triggering Device.
Class 21a1, 36.
No 111}890.
A. I. Sapgir.
Method of Pulse Sub-
traction from the Pulse Sequence.
Class 21a1, 36. No L15o37. N. N. Korovyanskiy. Method of Reduc-
ing Settling Time of TV Channel Transient Characteristic.
Class 21a~, 801. No 114883. S. I. Yevtyanov. Method for Increas-
ing Stability Margin of a Self-Oscillator.
Class 21a`~, 11. No 115027. V. M. Zhukov and G. G. Rachkov. Device
for Obtaining FM Pulses.
Class. 21a~', 2202. No 115122. L. F. Abramov and M. Ye. Gertsen-
shteyn. Weakly Coupled Coaxial Filters.
Class 21a~, 29oi. No 115121. N. P. Khvorostenko. Resonant Ampli-
fier of Shack-Excited Type Self-Oscillator.
Class 21a~', 71. No 115126. P. S. Seleznev and G. B. Glebovich.
Construction of Magnetostrictive Transducer for Magnetostrictive Delay
Line.
- 28 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
33. S~ynL?hesis of Optimum Binary Code
"Method for Constructing Optimum Binary Code," by V. A. Gar-
mash; Moscow, Elektrosvyaz!, No 2, Feb 59, PP 3-7
The article dwells on the subject of building optimum binary code
based on the principle of utilizing a "code tree" which does not require
the spacing sign. Such a method of utilizing the principle of the "code
tree" was first suggested by A. A. Kharkevich.
The "code tree" is constructed in the following, manner: from the
initial point A (apex) a pyramid is build by successive ramification.
The left ramifications are marked by unity and the right by zero. After
successive K ramifications the apexes form the K-th "floor." The code
combination on the K-th "floor" is obtained by adding to the code com-
bination of the K-1 "floor" a zero or unity depending on movement to the
right or left.
The general rules for the construction of a "code tree" are:
1. The given combina~~ion should not be taken up for another message.
2. The used combination should not lie on the path of movement
toward the apex of an already occupied combination.
3. The selection of combinations should be such that~in move-
ment from the periphery toward the apex a maximum of the previously
occupied path segments .(ribs) should be utilized.
The author thanks A. A. Kharkevich and E. L. Blokh for assistance.
34. VHF Amateur Radio Station
"VHF Radio Station" (unsigned article); Moscow, Radio, No 2,
Feb 59, PP 27-30
The described radio station was designed for amateur radio communi-
cation in the range of 38-40 and 144-146 Mc. The station receiver is
built on the superheterodyne principle with sift-volt miniature tubes (five
62h1P and one 6Zh4P type tubes). The sensitivity of the receiver in the
38-40 Mc range is not less than 1 microvolt, and in the 144-146 Mc range
not less than 2.5 microvolts. Attenuation of the adjacent channel is
about 50 db and the band-pass of the receiver is 7 kc. The intermediate
frequency for both ranges is 1,800 kc. The transmitter incorporates six-
volt miniature tubes (two 6Zh1P and one 6ZhsP). The output stage of the
transmitter operates on the GU-2g tube. The modulator consists of a con-
ventional five-stage AF amplifier, which also serves~as an amplifier to
- 29 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
tY~e receiver's audio channel. The modulator is built with aix-volt octal-
base tubes. tour ~P6S type tubes are used in the output stage of the mod-
~ilator; these tubes are connected in pairs for push-pull operat~.on. The
E~ower supply to the station is drawn from ac 11ne through four rectifiers.
~n order 'to reduce the number of switches circuit commutation is accom-
plished. with the aid of relays. The station can operate for transmission
of telephone or telegraph messages. The whole station is built with four
separate units mounted in a single housing.
Components
35~ Transmission-Line Echo Attenuator
"Attenuator of Transmission-Line Echo in TV Transmitters," by
E. S. Glazman; Moscow, Radiotekhnika, No ~. Feb 59~ pp 3-16
The detrimental effect of ~"echo" originating in the antenna-feeder
system of a TV transmitter can be substantially reduced by incorporating
two VHF oscillators in the TV transmitter circuit. By subsequent com-
bining the power from two such oscillators in the transmission linE with
the aid of abridge network, the echo originating in the antenna-feeder
line is canceled out to a grater degree. To attain the highest atten-
uation of the echo, a quarterwave length difference between the two feeder-
lines connecting the oscillators to the bridge network should be se~ure~..
The utilization of abridge system for adding up the power from two
VHF oscillators is feasible not only in TV transmitters, but also in other
circuits where stabilization of power fed.to a~.load with variable para-
meters is required. Application of the power-adding bridge systems to
long-wave transmitters permits widening the effective band-width of the
antenna.
The author thanks Z. I. Model' and A. I. Lebedev-Karmanov for their
assistance.
3~. High-Voltage Thyratron
"High-Volta,;e Thyratrbn With Few Sections," by V. D. Andreyev,
Moscow, Vestnik Elek-tropromyshlennosti, No 1, Jan 59, Pp 9-11
A new type of thyratron was developed with an auxiliary electrode
inserted in the space between the plate and grid to prevent any pos-
Bible electrical beckfiring. The peak inverse voltage for the tube is
- 30 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
as high as 71 kv;;the current for continuous operation is about 3.7a, and
for short-duration (2-3 sec) operation as high as 9.7a. This thyratron
would operate satisfactorily even at 120 kv when tested with periodic
pulses (1 to 2 per sec) by charging a 0.01 microfarad capacitor through
a 0.2-henry inductor.
The voltages impressed on the thyratron elements are as follows:
grid bias, 150v; forward triggering voltage, 350 v; filament voltage,
5 v. The filament current is about 17a, and the overall dimensions are:
length, 690 mm; diameter, 120 mm.
Thyratrons of this type will find application in high-voltage recti-
fiers supplying stabilized current.
37. Analysis of Chinese-Built Operational Amplifier
"Resea ch on the .Operational Amplifier," by Chu P'ei-chi (~.
}~ ) and 'Zing Ping ( ~ ,~ ), Institute of Automation,
Academia Sinica; Peiping, Tzu-tung-hua (Automation), Vol 2,
Ne 1, 1959, pP 22-26
This paper presents a circuit analysis of the automatic null point-
type operational amplifier used in the DMZ-2 computer which was built by
the Institute of Automation, Academia Sir~.ca and? dedicated to the Com-
munist Party of CYiina in celebration of National ilay, 1 October 1958.
Comparing theoretical results with their experimental measurements,
the authors conclude that their operational amplifier can stand much
improvement. They state: "Its principal parameters are considered sat-
isfactory. However, it cannot yet be used by production units mainly
because of its low reliability, short-lived polarized relay, and vexa-
tious method of ad,~ustment. To render the operational amplifier suit-
able for use in simulators, the quality of the polarized relay eleihent
and the accuracy of the integrator must be improved. The mayor obsta-
cle in farther improvement of the integrator is t}ae large grid current
of the China-manufactured 6H2~ (6N2P) tube. I?t has been tested many
times and found to be of higher order than 10-8."
The paper gives circuit diagrams and technical performance. charts.
_ 31 _
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
38. Chinese 1955 Research on the Power Magnetic Amplifier
"The Tranaient.Characteristics o the Power Magnetic Amplifier,"
by Tung Shih-huang (~ -~.. ), Institute of Automation,
Academia Sinica; Peiping, Tzu-tong-hua (Automation), Vol 1,
No 2, 1958, PP 64-72
This paper presents a method for analyzing the transient character~.s-
tics of a three-phase power magnetic amplifier such as is used in the
electromagnetic-type voltage regulator. ,Experimental data obtained ~sev-
eral years ago are given to show that the method is "very reliable."
According to the author, the differential equations used are derived
in the same manner as those introduced by Finzi and others in 1,950,
but the results obtained by following the analysis he presents are
more reasonable. '
Also described in this paper is a method for calculating the equ.iy-
alent time constant of the power magnetic amplifier and its amplifica-
tion factor under transient conditions when used as an element in a con-
trol system.
Footnotes and bibliographic references indicate that the work reported
in this paper was completed in June 1955 and previously presented in the
1955 Research Reports of the Institute of Electromechanics (; ~'~
,~/~ -~J ~ fr of tMe Academia Sinica. ' The following three papers are
cited as having appeared in that publication:
"Analysis of the Transient Characteristics of the Electromagnetic-
Type Voltage Regulat~~r," by Tung Shih-huang, Ch'u Shou-te (,~~ ~ (,~ ),
Chou Jung-ch'and ()~ ~ ~ ), and Chu Ting-chant (~ ~ ~ ).
"Analysis'of the Static Characteristics of the Three-Phase Magnetic
Amplifier Used in Electromagnetic-Type Voltage Regulators," by Tang
Shih-huang, Ch'iz,Shou-te, Chou Jung-ch'ang, and Chu Ting-ahang.
"Non-linear Metering Elements Used in the Electromagnetic-Type Volt-
age Regulators;" by Tung Shih-huang et al.
CPYRGHT
- 32 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Computers and Automation
39? Book on Computer Technique Recommended for Translation Into Russian
"An Introduction to Computer Technique," by I. P. Brusentsov;
Moscow, Nov~ye_K~ni_ i Za Rubezhom,,Seriya B, Tekhnika, No 2,
k'eb 59, pP 5T-5~ ~T-
The article analyzes the content of the book published by Van .'~
Nostrand Co, (1957) entitled "An Introduction to Automatic Computers,"
by N. Chapin. '
CPYRGHT
The concluding passage of the'article reads:
er use n e SR of automatic computers in the fields of accounting,
planning, and control of manufacturing processes, the number of people "
who will have~~need for such a book will greatly increase in the ne~ct few
years. Therefore, it wou.ld.be advisable to begin the translation and
publication of this book sight now."~
CPYRGHT
~+0. Remote-Controlled Radio-Relay Lines
"Equipment for Remote Control and Regulation of Radio-Relay
Lines.," by V.?M. Rodionov, V. N. Strokov and R. N. Sheberc~va;
Moscow, Elektrosvyaz',~~No 2, Feb 59, PP 15-23
At the Scientific-Research Institute of the M~.nistry of Communications
a system of remote control and signalization for radio-relay-lines was
developed which utilizes only transistors and co1~.-cathode thyratrons.
The absence of vacuum tubes substantially improves the reliability of the
system. A ur~Ique method of design a],so permitted reducing considerably the
number of electromagnetic relays. This system permits transmission of 59
commands to any of the ZO (5 in each direction) remote-controlled stations;
the acceptance of such a command is indicated by a special signal. A.sig-
nal indicating the change of position of one or several of the 64 remote-
signalization pick-up units can be received from any of the stations; such
a signal contains information as to the station where the change has
occurred, but does not contain information on. the nature of such changes.
Yet each station will respond to a request for information as to the posi-
tion of any of the 6~+ remote-signalization pick-up units.
The transmitter of this remote-control~egizipment sends commands in
the form of coded groups consisting of three successive tone-frequency
signals., The signal duration is of the order of 20 microsec and the
interval 50 microsec. By selecting frequencies for the three-pulse groups
out of four possible frequencies, it is possible to secure 64 different
code combinations. The receiver of this remote-control equipment decodes
- 33 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 ROOQ100290001-2
the commands with the aid of a "pyramid" consisting of three tiers of
th~arertrons coupled to each other in such a manner that the firing of one
in a lower tier initiates firing of four thyratrons in the next tier.
The first tier has 4 thyratrons, the second 16 and the third 64.
The capacity of the remote-control system can be varied by changing
the number of pulses in the code group or the number of frequencies used
in transmission with appropriate change in the number of tiers in the
decoder or the number of thyratrons in each tier. Thus, if the coded
message is formed with four pulses instead of the three, the capacity
of the system can be~raised to 256 commands.
41. Processes of Control
"Optimal Processes of Control," L. S. Pontryagin; Moscow,
U_spekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, Vol 14, No 1 (85), Jan~Feb 59,
Pp 3-21
The results of V. G. Boltyansky, R. V. Gamkrelidze and the author,
obtained in the works [1], [2], and [3], are summarized and presented.
[1] V. G. Boltyanskiy, R. V. Gamkrelidze, and L. S. Pontryagin, "On
the Theory of Optimal Processes," DAN, Vol 110, No 1, 1956, pp 7-10.
[2] R. V. Gamkrelidze, "On the Theory of Optimal Processes in Linear
Systems," DAN, Vol 116, No 1, 1957, pP 9-11.
[3] V. G. Boltyanskiy, "The Maximum Principle in the Theory of Optimal
Processes," DAN, Vol 119, No 6, 1858.
CPYRGHT
42. Future Use of Ural Computer Discussed
"Application of Electronic Computers during Aerial Phototri-
angulation," by A. N. Uspenskiy, candidate of Technecal Sci-
ences; Moscow, Geodeziya i Kartografiya, No ll, 58, pp 29-42
According to the author, results concerning the effectiveness of
constructing grid bearings according to aerial photographs with the help
of the "Ural" computer are prel3.minary and must be made mare precise.
Nevertheless, the results obtained are sufficient to recommend applica-
tion of a computer to aerial surveying as a means toward automation of
all the processes of phototriangulation.
_ 34 _
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
1E3. Hertz-type Problem Considered for the Compression of Two Cylindrical
Bodies
"Plane Problem of the Hertz Type Concerning the Compression of
Cylindrical Bodies," by A. I. Kalandiya, Calculating Center,
Academy of Sciences, Georgian SSR; Tbilisi, Soobshcheniya
Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy SSR, Vol 21, No 1, Jul 5 , pp 3-10
The paper deals with problems concerning the contact of two elastic
bodies when the contact between the bodies is distributed over a signifi-
cant part of their bounding surfaces.
~+4. New Chinese Publication
Title: Tzu-tung-hua (Automation)
General Information: This periodical, published by the K'o-hsueh
Ch'u-pan She (Science Press), Peiping, is edited by the Preparatory Com-
mittee of the Automation Society of China. The editorial board includes
Yang Chia-ch'ih (~ ~ ~~), who is chairman, and 19 other members.
Four quarterly issues were published during 1958 after the special
inaugural number in October 1957. That issue stated the intended pro-
fessional level of the ,journal in the following words:
"This ,journal is to be a vehicle for scientific papers on cyfiernetics~
automatics, telemechanics, computation techniques, automated electrical
traction, and automated technical equipment; translations and review arti-
cles on automation, technical and economic reports on automated production
processes, news on scientific activities, and book reviews. It will carry
original Chinese papers and provide afield where all schools of thought
on automation in China will air their views.,"
Startin with Januar 1 CPYRGHZ
g y 959 Tzu-tung-hua has become a monthl which
CPYRGHT will see o popu arize and to raise t eve of science in China by CPYRGHT
u hin~ timel v ratinrta of nAtrcnnoA o e?a,,,.,,.,... ?r,a +w_ .,,.~_~. _~_____ _ _
CPYRGHT Itechn ques adopted in China and abroad, nd b rovidin basic info vv
n automation and a " Announcing this and other
changes in editorial policy," the January 1959 issue stated that its
emphasis hereafter will be on technical achievements of urgent interest
to socialist construction. Some articles of long-range interest and
others representing basic theoretical studies will be published, but
the idea is to bring the theoretical into relation with the practical.
73~e q~ae?-tnrl,Y isaxes of 1958 give foreign-language tables of contents and
English resumes of some of the Chinese research reports published. The
first two monthly issues of 1959 give neither.
- 35 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Articles by Chinese contributors: Nine of tie original Chinese arti-
cles published in the first six issues of this journal are described else-
where pia this issue of the Scientific Information Re ort (see below and
under Electronics-Components and Engineering .
Titles and authors of other articles by Chinese autk~ors follow:
"The Prospects for Smooth Speed-Control of Induction Motors," by Shu
Sung-kuei (~~ 7~ti~ 1~ ), ~Tnstitute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Vol 1,
No 1, 1958 (Review article).
"Determination of the Dynamical Characteristics of Boiler Sets," by
Shih K'o-k'uan (~~ ~~ '~) et. al., Tsinghua University; Vol 1, No 2
"News on the International Federation of Automatic Control," by T'u
Shan-ch'eng (~ ~ y~-); Vol 1, No 3, 1958
"Resume of the Second Annual All-Soviet Conference on Pneumatic-
Hydraulic Automation," by Lu Yuan-chiu ( ~,, TV ~), Institute of Auto-
mation, Academia Sinica; Vol 1, No 4, 1958 '
"Report on the All-China Conference for Exchange of Experience With
Analog Computer Systems," by the Editorial Department; Vol 2, No 1, 1959
"Static Pressure System for Continuous Measurement of Specific Grav-
ities of Liquids," by Yu Chen-k'uei (~~ ,~/' ~), Synthesis Research
Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Indus~ry, Mukden; Vol 2, No 1, 1959
"Use of Harmonic Functions in the Determination of Dynamical Char-
acteristics of Non-linear Systems," by T'u Ch'i-lieh (j~ ~~ ~j~),
Institute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Vol ~,~~No 1, 1959?
"Radioisotope Apparatus for Measuring Film Thicknesses," by P'an
Nien-te (`~r ti ~~ ), Institute of Automation, Academia ,Sinica; Vol 2,
No 1, 1959
"A Gamma Relay," by P'an Nien-te, Institute of Automation, Academia
Sinica; Vol 2, No 1, 1959
"Brief Discussion on Guidance and Control of Space Rockets," by T'u .
Shan-eh'eng (~ ~~ J'~, Preparatory Committee of the Automation
Society of China; ~Tcl 2, No 2, 1959
"Accurate Method for Determining Oscillation Parameters of Single;
Loop Relay Systems," by T'u Hsu-yen (jfi ~ ) and Tai Ju-wei ( ~
~~), Institute of Automation, Academia nits; Vol 2, No 2, 19 9
36
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"Study of Electronic Controllers With Several Units," by Lou Ch'i-
min (., ~ ~~ ), Chou Hung-t'ing ( )~ ~y ~~ ), and Chih Chu-chun
(;~ ;-~ ~ ), Institute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Vol 2, No 2,
1959
"A ample Pulse Frequency Modulated Telemetering System," by Sa Chih-
t'ien ("~ ~ ~), Institute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Vol 2,
No 2, 1
"Moment of Error Squared Integral Criterion, a Method on Engineering
Calculation for Linear Systems," by C2~ang Tung-han ( ~ ), Insti-
tute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Vol 2, No 2, 1959
45. Chinese Research on Automatic Feedback Control Systems
"Synthesis of Linear Automatic .Feedback Control Systems," by
Wan Pai-wu ( ~ ~ ~. , Chiao-t'ung Univer3ity; Peiping,
Tzu-tong-hua (Automation Vol 1, No 3, 1958, Pp 99-114
This paper presents a method for the synthesis?of automatic feedback
control systems. The method, according to the author, is an extension of
the V. V. Solodovnikov method and involves the manipulation of frequency
response. It purports to be the solution to many practical, complicated,
and hitherto unsolved design problems encountered in the synthesis of
systems with nonunit function inputs, systems under disturbances; sys-
tems with general feedback components, systems with corrective network
in the main feedback path, systems with multiple inputs, and systems
involved with noise.
46. Remote Signaling and Telemeterin~ Systems of Chinese Design
"Research Notes [From the Institute of Automation] During the
Leap Forward Move ent," by Wang Ch'uan??shan (~ ~~ -) and
Sa Chih-t'ien (y~ ~ ~), Institute of Automation, Academia
Sinica; Peiping, Tzu-tong-hua (Automation), Voi 1., No 4, 1958,
p 199
This item reports two recent research achievements of the Institute
of Automation of the Academia Sinica: a contactless remote signaling sys-
tem and a pulse frequency modulated~telemetering system. 2'he circuit
designs are reportedly the original work of Chinese scientists.
A block diagram of the contactless remote signaling system shows major
parts described as follows: two distributors constructed of magnetic ce -~
rdmic components; two pulse generators constructed of magnetic ceramic com-
ponents; a logic unit made of magnetic ceramics and semiconductors;~a
- 37 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
carrier-wave section on the transmitting end, consisting of triode transis-
tors forming a carrier frequency oscillator and a modulator; a carrier-wave
section on the receiving end, coneisting~of a crystal detector and an sm -
plifier; and a signal indicator section construction of neon tube(s).
Another block diagram shows the principal parts of the telemetering
system. These are: an amplifier made of triode transistors and electronic
tubes, a rectangular-wave generator with a highly stabilized multivibrator~
the carrier-wave section, and the receiving section. The last mentioned
is constructed of beryllium-magnesium alloy, contains a contact~mt~ltivibra-
tor; and has a high capacity for error correcting.
"Contactless Remote Signaling Systems," by Wang Ch~uan-shah
( ~ ~ ~ ) and Lin 'Wen-chen ( ~~ ~ ~~~,,'~~), Institute of
Automation, Academia Sinica; Peiping, Tzu-ti~ng-hua (Automation),
Vol 2, No 1, 1959, pP 13-19
This paper discusses the structure and operational principlea,of a
contactless remote signaling system, giving block and circuit diagrams.
According to. the authors, two models of this type were recently syn-
thesized by the Institute of Automation~of the .Academia Sinica. Magnetic
and semiconductor componen~~s were used, eliminating the need of electronic
tubes and relay elements. Ferrites were used to make the magnetic com-
ponents because of the scarcity of Be-Mo alloys in China. Although infer
ricer in performance to the Be-Mo type, the ferrimagnetic components report-
edly can be produced commercially at low cost.
Fragmentary information on "good" experimental results as compared
with the theoretical is given. The authors state that pulse frequency
of 100 cycles coming from the distributor made rapid signal transmission
possible. For as many as 50 channels it took only 0.5,second~ ten chan-
nels, 0.1 second. There was almost no time delay.
Problems encountered in the process of synthesizing the two models
and some of their defects and disadvantages are mentioned. The authors
state that intercoil induction forced them to use a low performance path
for the signal indicator. Moreover, both transmitting and receiving ends
have to operate on the same network. To solve these problems further
research is indicated. To rectify problems created by the nonuniform
characteristics of neon tubes used in the signal indicators, the authors
suggest using cold cathode thyatrons instead.
- 38 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
~i'(. Chinese Introduces Receiving Circuit for Error Correcting
"Receiving Circuits for Error Correcting," by Wang Ch'uan-shan
(~ ;~~ ~ ), Institute of Automation, Academia Sinica; Pei-
ping, ~zu-tung-hua (Automation), Vol 1, No 1, 1958, pp 11-19.
The author presents a comparative analysis of various types of error-
debccting and error-correcting receiving circuits which have been described
in 'the literature and which reportedly are suitable for either systematic
or nonsystematic codes but not both. He shows that the receiving circuit
for automatic error-correcting must be a systematic relay circuit and
introduces one su a e or o sys ems can nonsystematic codes and
more ractical d sim le than that d s b literatur "
CPYRGHT This paper is dated April 1956. CPYRGHT
1E8. Cybernetic Commission Established in Czechoslovakia
"A Cybernetic Commission Established in the Czechoslovak Acad-
emy of Sciences" (no author given); Prague, Podnikova organi-
sace, No 11, 24 Nov 58, p 524 '
Recently a cybernetic commission, headed by Professor Zich of the
Chair of Logic, Charles University, Prague, and including leading scien-
tific workers from social, natural, and technical sciences, was estab-
lished in the presidium of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.
One of the chief tasks of the commission is to do theoretical work
in the field and to build up a Czech school for cybernetics on the basis
of foreign information and through Czechoslovak research. The chief sup-
port in the work of the commission will be pertinent mathematical machines
which will confirm various procedures and dependent relationships, but the
commission will be chiefly occupied with theoretical questions, leaving the
technical aspect of the matter to work centers such as the Research Insti-
tute for Mathematical Machines, which build automatic computers.
The commission will also be occupied with economic questions, the
construction of pertinent models depicting economic phenomena and opera-
tions, and confirming various dependencies and functions of relationships
in the formation of national economic plans and their variations. It may
be expected that the successful solution of the theoretical problems of
cybernetics will have a practical significance for refinipg and deepening
the system of planning, management, and bookkeeping in the entire national.
economy.
The commission also will undertake the task of popularizing cyberne-
tics in a wider circle of leading technical groups.
- 39 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001002900~01-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
49. Slovaks Construct Analog Computer
"The Rise of Cybernetics," by Jura Bober; Bratislava, Pravda,
2 March 1959, p 2
The Institute of Machinery and Automation of the Slovak Academy of
Sciences includes the Department of Machinery Dynamics, which is engaged
in the basic questions of the dynamics of machinery from the point of
view of proper functioning, maximum efficiency, and designs and cal-
culations of machinery components and units; the Department of Auto-
mation and Automatic Regulation, dealing with suggestions for new types
of regulators; the Department of the Theory of Information, solving the
basic problems of complex automation; and the Computer Department, sol-
ving complicated engineering calculations on the problems previously
mentioned, with the help of computers.
The previous name of the institute, used until 1 March 1959, was the
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Slovak Academy of
Sciences? The institute now has about 160 square meters of area, includ-
ing the workshop area with 11 workers; it is still disorganized, but s
1965 ta~?get date for completion is indicated.
Jan Gonda, a corresponding member, is the head of the Laboratory of
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. One
of the four rooms of the laboratory contains the first original analog
computer in Slovakia.
It was built to solve linear differential equations up to the six-
teenth order algebraic equations, and a limited number of partial differ-
ential equations. After being enlarged by several nonlinear computer
units, the basic cells of the machine, it will be able 'co solve non-
linear differential equations also.
One of the computer's creators is.Engr Stefan Petras, who got the
idea in 1952, when he was an assistant, with Engr Plander, in the engi-
neering faculty. A collective group, working, under Petras and Plander,
made the computer when the institute was known as the Laboratory of The-~
ore~tical and Applied Mechanics of the Slove~k AcadE;ny of Sciences.
Bober says the computer is abetter device than domestic and even
some foreign models, .and was assembled from domestic components in the
laboratory.
- 40 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
It is bein6 used by work centers to solve problems in engineering
and automation as well as by some other research institutes and some
plants. These include the Automation Laboratory of the Research Insti-
tute of Acetylene Chemistry in Novaky, the "J. V. Stalin" Plant in Mar-
tin, the Depar~tanent of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineer-
ing of the Slovak Advanced Technical School, and various other work cen-
ters.
According to Petras, the plans for the work center at the institute
include working with problems of using computers not only for calcula-
tions, but directly in the technological process of production, in auto-
metion. He recommends setting up a computer center in Czechoslovakia in
the near future "not because it is the fashion, or because the Soviet
Union and other advanced industrial countries have such, but because it
is not possible to achieve success in theoretical research today without
a computer center."
The article suggests operation of analog and digital computers in
the institute, by 1965 endwidespreeaduse a~P cybernetics in industry, weather
forecasting and announcement directly on radio, translation by machine,
and automation. Semiconductors are to replace electron tubes in the com-
puters.
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
50. Electric Discharge at Low Pressure
"Electric Discharge with Cbld Cathode in Magnetic Field at Low
Pressure," by G. V. Smirnitskaya and E. M. Reykhrudel', Moseow
State University; Moscow, Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoy Fiziki, No 2,
Feb 59, pp 153-162
Theoretical and experimental investigation of electric discharge in
magnetic field at low pressure in tulles with cold cathode discs arranged
symmetrically on both sides of the ring anode are described in the arti-
cle. Theoretical calculation of the electron kinetics is carried out
neglecting the field distortion caused by the space charge. The tra-
jectories of electrons for random initial coordinates and velocities at
various +ralues of electric and magnetic fields were derived.
Such an electric discharge in magnetic field is utilized in magnet-
ically polarized manometers, in ionic pumps for vacuum to 10-8mm Hg, and
in Ytigh-frequency noise generators. Calculations were carried out for con-
ditions of vacuum from 10-6 to 10-8 mm Hg and current density not exceed-
ing 10-6~a~cm2.
41
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Instruments and Equipment
51. High Selectivity Detector-bisarim~,xu~tar
"Detector-Discriminator ~~~ith High Selectivity," by V. I. Nik-
itenko, Leningrad Electrical Engineering Institute imeni V. I.
Ulyanov; Kiev, Izvesti V sshikh Uchebn kh Zavedeni , Radio-
tekh~ka, No 5, Sep Oct 5~, pP 5~7 -532
In the multichannel ~ccmnnunicat:ion systems operating on the princip~.e
of frequency division of channels, a problem of interference elimination
.from adjacent channels arises when the interval between the channels is
reduced to a minirium. Such a problem was partly solved at the Moscow Pfiys-
icotechnical Institute. Under the direction of Ye. I. Manayev a network
was developed in which by proper selection of intercoupling circuits and
by adjusting the gain of each amplifier it was possible to attenuate the
interference fra~m the adjacent channels to a minimum. This network detects
separately and subtracts voltages'of two coupled circuits; the coupling
between the circuits is selected in such a manner that the resonance
response of the first circuit has the appearance of a two humped curve,
and?that of the second has the appearance of a single-humped curve.
It was shown experimentally that this detector-discriminator permits
reducing the frequency intervals between adjacent channels without the use
of complex multisectiou filters.
Miscellaneous
52. Research at Moscow Engineering-Physics Institute
"At the Moscow Engineering-Physics Institute," by B. N. Kon~nov;
Kiev,~Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Radiotekhnika,
No 5, Sep-Oct 5 , PP 22- 23
The following research in the field of radioelectronics was complerted
in 1957 at the Moscow Engineering-Physics Institute:
"Development of Standard Semiconductor Components for Discre+,e Type
Computers"; participants: A. G. Filippov, T. M. Agakhanyan, B. N. Kononov,
L. A. Serkin, Yu. A. Vollsov, V. I. Lebedev. L. N. Fatrikeyev, A. V. Nilt-
olsyev and Yu. N. Fost; scientific supervisor~I. P. Stepanenko.
"Development of a Device for Determining and Recording Amplitt~tde-
Phase Characteristics"; participants: Yu. I. Grashin, V. I.'Zaytsev and
A. M. Kostantinov; scientific supervisor R. E. Erglis.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"Theoretical Calculation of a 5-Mev Linear Electron Accelerator";
participants: A. V. Shal'nov~ Yep T. Pyatnov, A. A. Glazkov and S. P.
Lomnev; scientific supervisor 0. A. Val'dner.
"Design of a System for Digital Control of Machine Tools"; partici-
pants: A. T. Voitelev, B. I. Kal'min and Ye. A.Aksenov; scientific super-
visor Ya. A. Khetagurov.
fFor information on materials see item No 120.]
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
53? Induction-Type Torsiometers
"Induction-Type Noncontact Torsiometers," by Ye. S. Levshina,
P. V. Novitskiy and A. M. Turichin; Moscow. 'Izmeritel'naya
Tekhnika, No 1, ,Tan 59, pp 16-20
At the Laboratory for Electrical Measurement of Nonelectrical Magni-
tudes, the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute imeni M. I. Kalinin, under the
direction of the authors several types of induction-type transducers
for the measurement of torque were developed.
The operation of the torsiometer's induction transducer is as follows:
three streel-toothed rings nre fastened to the shaft to be tested; work-
ing clearances are formed between the teeth of the middle and the outside
rings. When torque is applied to the shaft, one of the clearances will
widen while the other will contract. Two electric coils are fastened on
a stator above the clearances. A change in the width of one of the clear-
ances will decrease the permeability to magnetic flux in one of the coils,
and will increase permeability in the other coil. Such a change in mag-
netic permeability also causes corresponding changes in the electric re-
sistance of the coils. The change in coil resistance is proportional to
the torque applied to the shaft. The following designations were given
to the new non-contact tcg'sicmeters: IKM-50, IKM-51, IKM-51A, IKM-52, and
IKM-53?
Such noncontact induction torsiometers should find application for
measurement of a wide range of torque from 20 g?em to 500 kg?m? The '
torsiometer can be used for measurement of slowly changing torque with
an accuracy up to 0.5g6, as well as for dynamic measurements with an
accuracy up to 3y6.
5~+? New Soviet Super-High Steam Parameter Turbogenerator
"Some Problems in Thermal Schemes for Super-High-5team-
Parameter Block Installations," by A. E. Gel'tman; Moscow,
Teploener eg tike, No 3, Mar 59, pp 3-8
The article discusses the problem of !electing feed-water temperature
and optimum vacuum at the condenser for the newly designed super-high
steam-parameter SKK-300 turbogenerator-boiler unit. This new unit was
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
designed at the Central Boiler-Turbine Institute for the following operat-
ing parameters: capacity, 300,000 kw; steam pressure, 300 atmospheres
absolute; steam temperature, 650?C; intermediate reheating of steam to
565?c, feed-water heating to 270?C, air preheating to 425?C and pressure
at the condenser of about 0.0~ atmosphere absolute.
55? Cottibined Gas and Steam Turbine Electric Stations
"Steam-Gas Turbine Condenser Electric Stations and Their Com-
parative Thermal Efficiency," by M. L. Zaks and A. V. Stolyarov,
Moscow Engineering-Construction Institute and Power Engineering
Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Teploenergetika,
No 3, Mar 59, pp 19-25
During the coming few years a wider utilization of natural gas for
power generating purposes is contemplated in the USSR; a similar increase
in utilization of "underground" produced coal gas will take place.
It is suggested that the most efficient method for utilization of
gaseous fuel in electric-power production is through incorporation of
both steam and gas turbines in the same electric power generating sta-
tions. In such a steam turbine and gas turbine combination system the
feed water is heated by steam extracted from the low-pressure turbine
stage, while the fuel and air are preheated by the exhaust gases. Study
has revealed that the over-a11 efficiency of such a steam and gas turbine
combination system is higher than for a straight turbine system, espe-
cia]1y for operating conditions at high or super-high steam parameters.
56. Effective Illumination of Dam Construction Sites
"Construction Work Illumination During Gap-Filling Operations
on a River Channel iri Building Hydroelectric Stations," by M. S.
Dadiomov, Leningrad Affiliate of Orgenergostroy" Svetotekhnika,
No 3, Mar 59, PP 1~-17
The rock-filling operation on a river channel in the final stage of
building dams across large rivers requires a well-designed illumination
system to permit efficient day and night operation. Such a final opera-
tion of river channel fi111ng from floating (pontoon) bridges can be
carried out in a very short time, even for very large rivers, if favor-
able conditions are created for uninterrupted day and night operations.
- 4 5 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The Volga River channel was rock-filled at Kuybyshev (31+0 meters)
in 4 days,, at Stalingrad in one day, and the Angara River at Irkutstc in
one day. The efficiency and speed of these operations depend to a gx?eat
degree on proper illumination of the construction site to secure good
-ris:lbility of obstacles, signals, and the water surface.
Satisfactory illumination at the Stalingrad dam construction site
was obtained by the use c~C~O-~ . emu- 300, pole-suspended lamps spaced
about 9 meters along the pontoon bridge, and more than one hundred 1,000
w searchlights (type PZS-45) placed along the cable way.
57? Increasing Voltage on Existing Transmission Lines
"Transferring Electric Power Transmission Lines to a Higher
Rated Voltage Without Tncreasir_g the Existing Insulation," by
V. V. Burgsdorf and N.. N. Belyakov", Moscow Elelc?trichestvo,
No 2, F'eb 59, pp 1-5
Examines the possibilities of increasing the rated voltage on electric
poi~er lines without any substantial changes in the existing equipment or
increase in the insulation. Such a procedure would substantially increase
the power carrying capacity of an electric line without any great capital
investment.
The 110-, 150-, and 2~Tkr power lines could be transferred to rated
voltages of 150-,,220-, and 330-kv, respectively., Such a transfer is
possible without any increase in the existing insulation provided some
supplementary airblast circuit-breakers and oil circuit-breakers with low
ohmic shunting resistors are added to the network. The article concludes
with a statement that the industry will be responsible for providing the
needed quantity of such circuit'bre~kers.
5$? Chinese Report 1956 Work on Selsyns
"Calculation of the Complex Selsyn Circuit," by Yeh Cheng-
ming (R-r y~ 9~ ) and Ch'u Shou-te (,~ ~~~ i(~? ), Institute
of Automation, Academia Sinica; Peiping, Tzu`tung-hua (Automa-
tion), Vol 1, No 2, 195$, pp 'j3_$2
This paper, published with an English abstract, presents simplified
methods for calculating complex parallel and series selsyn circuits. The
authors use the "general coordinate transformation method for forward-
backward-zero position systems" advanced by A. G. Iosif'yan and B. M.
Kagan, but neglect several insignificant terms in the general formulas.
They provide experimental data to show'?~that the results obtained by their
method of calculation are still within engineering accuracy.
~? 40
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
"A Supplement to the Article, 'Calculation of ?the Complex
Selsyn Circuit,"' by $eh Cheng-t~-ing; Peiping, Tzu-tong-hua
(Automattion), Vol 1, No 2, p 83
This "supplement," Dated December 1957, refers to the paper described
above. Yeh Cheng-ming states that the information contained in that paper
was extracted from another work, "by the same title and authors," which
had appeared in the 1956 Report on Electrical Res~sarch Pro?ect N.o~56-3
of the Institute of Electromechanics Academia Sinica 195n ~-? ~ I~ ~~ '~.
According ?to Yeh, in 1956, there was a paucity of literature on the
subject of calculating selsyn circuits. In the literature of 1957, he
found two papers dealing with the subject. However, the methods presented
by the Soviet authors of those papers" cannot be applied to selsyns in
general bu?L only when certain conditions obtain." He discusses specific
weaknesses of the Soviet methods.
59? Chinese Proposes Engineering Method for Sequential Relay Circuits
"On the Realizability of S~quence Tables of Relay Circuits,"
by Wang Ch'uan-span (~, ~;~ ~ ), Institute of Automa-
tion, Academia Sinica; Peiping, Tzu-tong-hua (Automation),
Vol, 1, No 4, 1958, pp 163-171
By way of introduction, the author states that the synthesis of se-
quential relay circuits is.a difficult problem often requiring a study ?
of sequence ?tables in order to pinpoint the unrealizable ones. These
can be converted intorealizable tables by introducing extra relays in
the proper places along the circuit. Present methods of conversion, how-
ever, require the tedious checking of each relay for conflicts between
conditions of operation and of release. None is applicable to all se-
quential lay circuits.
In this paper the author presents a "new approach" to the problem.
He describes a "simple'~method for determining both the number acid the
positions of euxiliary relays .which should be ad~.ed to a sequential relay
circuit in o.'?:r to render its unrealizable sequence tables realizable.
The new approach involves the study of conditions of repetitions of posi-
tion numbers. ?
As an engineering method for the synthesis of all sequential .relay
" circuits, the author considers hi.s procedure more suitable and easiEr
than other methods describes in i,:he literature. His paper is dated
December 1957?
-~+7-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
50. Rucsia.n Underground Rocke?L-
"Underground Rocket"; Budapest, Magyar Nemzet, l4 Mar 59
The first underground rocket has been prepared in the Soviet Union;
it is being used to dig tunnels. The first part of the rocket has a
pulverizing device which contains liquid fuel and compressed air. Power-
ful flames spout from openings in the pulverizer, these open a path for
the rocket in a predetermined direction. In this way, a cylinder-like
tunnel develops behind the rocket.
Tadzhik engineers invented ?the rocket equipment. The first.~experi-
ments have been conducted with satisfactory results. In the future they
will use ?the device to lay underground irrigation canals and pipes.
[For additional information on Engineering subjects see also
Metallurgy.]
-4~8-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
6i1. Algorithm i'or Constructing a Tchebycheff Approximation
"An Algorithm for Constructing tli~ Tchebycheff Approxima-
tion of a Coni:inuous Function by a Polynomial," by S. I.
Zukhovi~skiy; Lutsk Pedagogical Institute itneni Lesi
Ukrainlci; Moscow, Doklad Alcademii Nault SSSR, Vol 120,
No lE, 19;8, P,P 693~9~.--.
A real, continuous function f(q) a.nd a system of n real, continuous,
and linearly, independent functions cQl (q),c~2~q), , ~ n(q) axe
given in a certain compact set Q. During the Tchebycheff approximation
of a function f(q) with the help of a polynomial of the form ~ 1 ~ l~q)
~ s' o' + F~ n CP n(q) tho problem arises oi' finding a system of coefficients
(x 1, , ~ n) x such tY~ .c the deviation
max ~~(r,?~ q) I w max I ~ ~k~lt'(q) - f(q) I .
q E Q qFQ k=1
Algorj,thms have been cor~strueted by P. L. Tchebycheff (Poln. sobr.
soch., No ~!, 19+7) and S. N. Bernshteyn (Sobr. soch.,, No 'l, 1952 for
certain problems of Tchebycheff approximation enabling one to construct
a sequence of polynomials, the dQViations of which converge to the least
deviation. Several algorithms were indicated by Ye. Ya. Remez, (Pro
metody na? krashehogo v razuminni Chebishova nablizhenogo predstavleniya
funktsiy On the Method of Finding ?the Best Approximation of a Function
in the Tchebycheff Send.), Kiev, 1935).
In the works of S. I. Zukhovit.skiy (DAN, jTol 79, No 1+, 1951, and
Ma~tem. sborn., Vol 33(75), No 2; 1953) a fini?tP monotonic algorithm
was^onstructed for the Tchebycheff approximation of a finite system of
incompatible linear equations? In all these works it is indicated that
Lt is sufficient to consider the ~ grid q1, . ,qm of the compact set
Q and to find by this algorithm the Tchebycheff approximation of the in-
compatible linear equations
~Q1(gi) ~1 ~ ~Q2(gi) ~ 2
(iIIl,
m),
(1)
f(9.i)
that is, to find the point x-~ (~ ~ , . . ,~~), for which
~ n
-49-
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
max ~ CP (q,i) ~~ - f(qi) = irtf.' maxi ~ CQ (qi)~ - f(qi)
i t It?1 It It x i k"1 It k
anal f'or Sufficiently small"~> 0 ?the deviation of the polynomial
x?
1 ~Pl(q) + . -h ~ nCQn (q) from f(g,) can be made to differ as little as
desired from the smallest. Using an idea of La Va11ee Poussin, it is not
difficult to prove Yiow, in ?the case of approximation on a segment by or-
dinary or trigonometric polynomials according to a givenE>0 the actual
selecting of ~ > 0 is such that the deviation of. the approximating poly-
nomial differs less than Efrom the least deviation.
In the present work an algorithm is introduced for the immediate con-
struction of a Tchebycheff approximation of a continuous function on a
~.ompact set witliou~t the preliminary transition to the system (1.) and con-
sequently, without the preliminary calculation of the values of the func-
tions ~l(q), . "~n(q) on the ~ grid.
62, The Expansion of Roots of a Function b~ Series Applied to a System
of Equations
"The Approximate Solution of a System of P'onlinea.r Equations,"
by Sh, Ye, Mikeladze, Tbilisi Mathematics :institute imeni A.
M, Razmadze, Academy of Sciences, GeoSSR, Tbilisi State Uni-
versity, imeni Stalin; Tbilisi, 5oobshche~ni a~Akad.emii Nault
Gruzinskoy SSR, Vol 20, No 6, Junn 1955, pp 6~+7-~~3
The worlt of the author, "On the Problem of the Approximate Solution
of an Equation by the Expansion of a Root in a Series," Izv, industr,
in-ta, No 1, 193+, pp 21-1+7, a short a~::count of which may be found in a
second work by the author, "On the Roots of a Function, Defined by a
Differential Equation," IAN ser fiz.-mat^m., No ~, 1935, pP 559?586,
considered various questions concerning the zeros of a given regular
function, The principle which was employed in that work consisted o:F
introducing a variable parameter, generally complex, and on the basis of
the fundamental theorem concerning the conditions for the existence of
an implicit function, an expansion of the root in a, series was constructedo
The present work is a continuation and development of the former
work refe.rr~ed to above It is proved that the method of expanding roots
into series, developed in the author?s former work, can be fully applied
to the solution of a system of equations of a completely general form,
whereupon the expansions obtained are in the form of absolutely conver-
gent aeries.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
b3. New BYort;hog-~na1 Systems Obtained From Known Biorthogonal Systems
Several Sn~tegral-Differential Operators and Series Expan-
sions An~~logous to Sex?ies of Sckiloemilch," by S. A. Akopyan
and A. B. Nersesyan, Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics;
Yerevan, Doklady Akademii Naulc Armyanslcoy SSR, Vol 27, No k+,
1958, pp 201-207
I~t is known (1), that it is possible to obtain from a given Bi-
orthogonal system
{~Yn(x), ~ n(x) } , x ~ (a~b) ~ (n-o, l~ 2, )
ne:w Biorthogonal systems, using the operators of the fractional integra-
tion of Riemann-Liouville
d a~d(x-a)-< f(x) 0 1/r(a) a x(x-t)a-lf(t) dt,
d a/d(b-x)-af(x) _ 1/f (a) X U(t-x)a-1f(t) dt'
o(> 0, x E(a,b) and the analog of the formula for the integration by parts
'.~f(x) d-?`/a(x-a)-a~(x) ax = a bo(x) a-a/a(b-x)-af(x) ax.
In the present work, operators of a somewhat different form are con-
sidered, zaith the help of which it is possible to obtain new Biorthogonal
systems from known Biorthogonal systems. In particular, from the known
orthogonal system of functions of Bessel, Biorthogonal systems are obtained
analogous to the Biorthogonal system of Schloemilch.
(1) A. Erdelyi, On some Biorthogonal sets of functions. The Quarterly
Journal of Mathematics, Oxford Series, Vol 11, No 40, 19~+C?.
{2) G. N. Va.tson, Teorii bessel,evykh funkts~ (Theory of Bessel Func-
tions ) Ch 1, M . , 19+9
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
61+. Elliptic and Parabolic Equations Discussed
"Certain Problems of the Qualitative Theory of Ellip?t;ic
and Parabolic Equations," by Ye. M. Landiye; Moscow,
Us elshi Matematieheskilch Naulc, Vol 11E, No 1 (85),
Jan Feb 59~ pp 215
A series of properties of the solutions of linear, homogeneous
elliptic and parabolic equations of the second order with variable co-
efficients is considered. The cases of two and many independent vari-
ables are considered, where the signs of the coefficients of the equa-
tion are assumed chosen such that the maximum principle holds for the
solutions.
The possible velocities of growth and decline of a solution defined
in an unbounded re ;ion during withdrawal from the point at infinity
are established. The velocity of growth or decline depends on the form
of the region and the character of the boundsrry conditions. The connec-
tions between the character of growth and decline of the solution and its
oscillation are investigated; that is, by the number of regions in which
the solution maintains a constant sign. These latter properties in the
case of elliptic equations generalize theorems concerning the dependence
between the distribtuion of the zeros of the analytic function and the
character of its growth.
65. Convergence of Iteration Methods
"Concerning the Rate of Convergence of an Iteration Method
for the NLUnerical Solution of an Equation of the Elliptic
Type," by Yuan Chao-tang, Moscow State University imeni
M. V. Lomonosov; Kazan', Izvesti a V sshikh Uchebn kh
Zavedeniy, Matematika, No 1, 1959, pp 22 -230
In the present work
systems
Lh uh(x) + f(x) = 0
uh(x) =cPh(x)
iteration systems for the solution of algebraic
(xE ~)~ (l.l)
corresponding to the boundary value problem for an equation of tl~e
elliptic type
- 52 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
L L1(x) + i'(x) = 0 (x E Q), (1.3)
s,re considered where Q is an m-dimensional region having, the boundary
r ; ah andfll are the corresponding grid region and its boundary, and L
and L1i are the the differential and difference operators.
S~.nce a e;eneral iteration process converges quite slowly, mn.ny
works [3-6] are dedicated to the rate of convergence. In the reference
[3] it is proved possible to obtain a sufficiently rapid convergence
process foz? the Laplace operator.
It is noted that the majority of the iteration processes [1-5] are
based on 'the fact that the sol~sL-ion of a parabolic type equation a u~at m
Lu + f with the boundary condition (1.4) and arbitrar initial conditions
converges in the mean 'L?o a solution of (1.3) and (l.l~~ for t approacriing
iriE'inity.
Also considered is another iteration system based on the convergence
of the solution of an equation of the type a2u/at2 + 2a a u~c)t = Lu + f
(a ~ o) with the condition (1.4) to the solution of (1.3) and (1.4).
In a third section an itera?L-ion process is considered based on the
fact that the solution of the hyperbolic type a2tz~ at2 = Lu -t f with the
condition (1.4) converges in the mean to the solution of (1.3) and (1.4).
[1] L. A. Lyusternilc, "Concerning the Difference Approximations of
the Laplace Operator," UMA1, Vol 9, No 2, 1954, pp 3-66.
[ 2] V . S . Ryaben' kiy, A . F . Fillippov, Ob ustoychivosti raznostnykh
uravneniy (Concerning the Stability of Difference Equations , Gostelthizdat,
Moscow, 1956.
[3] T. Douglas, H. H. Rachford, "On the Numerical Solution of Heat
Conduction Problems in two-and three-space Variables," Trans. Amer. Math.
Soc., Vol 82, No 2 1956, pp 421-439?
[4] S. P. Frankel, "Convergence Rates of Iterative Treatment of
Partial Differential Equations," Math. Tables and other Aids Com ut.,
Vol 4, No 30, 1950, pp 65-75?
- 5 3 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
[5] D. Young, "On the Ricliardson's Method for Solving Linear Systems
w1.th Positive Me~trices," T. Math. Phus., Vol 32, No 4, 1954, pp 21+3-255?
[6] D. Youny, "iterative Methods for Solving Partial Differential
Equations Nllyptic Type," Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol 76, No 1, 1951,
pp 92-111.
[7] D. Riley Tames, "Iteration procedures for the Dirichlet Differ-
ence Problem," Math. Tables and other Aids Comput., Vol 8, No 47, 1954,
pp 125-131.
66. The Growth of an Nntire Function and its Application to Double
Power Series
.Phe Characteristic of the Growth of an Dntire Function of
Two Variables and its Application to the Summation of Double
Power Series," by V. K. Ivanov, Sverdlovsk; Moscow, Matemati-
chesFtiy Sbornik, Vol 47 (B9), No 1, Jari 59, pp 3-16
00
F(z) . ~ an/ns zn
n=0
be an entire function of finite degree and
00
f(z) = ~ a~zn}1
n=0
be the Borel function associated with it. In agreement with the known
theorem of G. Polya, [1+], the indicatrix of the growth ox the function
'f(z), h(cP), and the supporting function K(~Q) of the convex envelope of the
set of eigenfunctions of f(z) are connected by 'the relation
h(~) = K(- cP)
(1)
It is possible to import the following form to this equation, We
construct the straight line TT (cp) at an angle of cp to the real axis in
the complex plane and exclude the semi-infinite segments S(cP) and B(cQ)
consistin of the '
g points M defined by the conditions GM> h(c~) and Corre-
spondingly the segments OM > K(c~). The equation (1) is thus equivalent
to the equation
S(~) B(-~) ~ (2)
where the line above designates closure,
-54-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
In the form (2) the relation of Polya may be~,reneralized to entire
:['unctions of a finite degree of n variables [3]. With the entire func-
tion F(zl,z2, ,zn) and the function f(zl,z2 . . ,zn) associated
~?~?I.th it, . it !.s poshible to connect two n-dimen.hional regions
S(~l'~2' stn) and B(cQl,cQ2, ,can), the defining system of angles
~l'~2' . s~Q of which satisfy the following relation between the
n
S(cpl,~2, . ,cpn)= B(-(~l, -~2, . . , -cp ). (3)
For proof of the relation (3) in the definition of the regions
S(cQl, ~ 2, . . ,~n) and B(c(~l, eQ 2, . ,cQn) it is necessary to introduce
a oertain'ac~iitionali condtti.i.I.nc,-rceac~,ti:,?a Systems," by silo A.
Mo?+rsesyar,, ji ~~p~~ ~ :~e:xtt,:;e:::.oJ.. :i ^s:lr.c1~ ?>_ ~~~'r'~'bs.em'~ ,oy`" P.:~ert;genology
aC:v~ ~~~1~:G1.U~t,1"lJ .~':??! `G,, ~!:i."r:'~"aC~p .'~.`7r' I . -~ ~7-~i.cJl; ~i'r'.~iD. ]:7.nefe~'-
:r.{~~.Yna ~tia?rte,l -,.. F~~'~:ra.~ ,Ji'a "io:.r 3r,~:rx~9~tfe,'tII3 .[';n~.m.~ ~, No 1
ZO Jars 5g, A'b,,~:ra'~'c 1V
-s Gd-149," by B . S . Dzhelepov, B . K . Preobrazhenskiy, and
V. A. Sergeyenko, Scientific Research Ph~i9c222nstitute, Lenin-
grad State University imeni Zhdanov, pp
The results of research of the last two articles above are compiled
in tables.
"Coulomb Excitation of Nuclear Levels in Spherical Even-Even
~~
Nuclei, by D . G . Alkhazov, A . P . Grinberg, K . I . Yerokhina,
and I. Kh. Lemberg, pp 223-224
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Data on Coulomb excitation of first levels of isotopes Si, Ti, Cr,
I'e, Ni, and Zr are studied and tabulated. The techniques applied are
described in Izv. AN SSS~, Ser. Fiz., 20, 1365 (1956).
"Th.e Excited Stat-.es of Ga-67 and Ga-68," by A. K. Val'ter,
I . I. 7alyubovkiy, A . P . Klyucharev, and G . Y e . Krivets,
Physi,otechni.cal Ins?~itute, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian
SSR, Kharkov State University imeni Gor'kiy, pp 2?_5-226
Low energy levels of C~a-67 and Ga-68 were studied by gamma-emmission
of the following reactions: Zn-66(p,~ )Ga-6;, Zn-67(p,n- ~ )Ga-67 and Zn-
67(p,~r )Ga-68. The targets were of zinc with electrolytic deposit of
enriched isotopes Zn-66 and Zn-67.
"Investigation of Gamma Rays Originating in the Borsbarding
by Protons of a '.L'arget Containing Ne-20," by A. K. Val'ter,
V . 'Yu . Gonchar, A . N . L'vo~r, and S . P . Tsytko, Physico-
technical Institute, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR,
pp 228-233
~It was found that the spin of a 3.58-Mev nucleus of Ne-2l has the
value 5~2 and the transition character is dipole.
"The Effect of Screening on Probability of EO-Conversion
on K- and L-Shells at T.,ow Energies," 'by M. A. Listengarten
and I. M. Band, Leningrad S'cate University imeni Zhdanov,
PP 235-237
"Selection Rules at Conversion. Transitions," by M. Ye.
Voykhanskiy and M. A. Listengarten, Scientific Research
Physics Institute, Leningrad State University 9_meni
7.hdanov, pp 238-2~+3
In a review of up-?to-date data, it is concluded that the electric
dipole conversion transitions differ from other radiation and-conversion
transitions at low energies by the role of the spin term..
"Equipment for Measuretr_ent a.nd Stabi.l ization of the Magnetic
Field in Spectrometers," by Yu. S. Yegorov, D. M. Seliverstov,
G . D . Latyshev, acid A . N . Zhernovoy, Leningrad Institute of
Railway Transport Engineers-imeni Obraztsov, pp 2~+-250
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
A uttiveraal me~L?er and stabilizer of the ma~rne?tic field of spectro-
metero is described. Tlie measurement and stabilization principles of the
magnetic field are based on ?the nuclear magnetic ,resonance.
"Frequency Metez? for Nuclear Resonance," by Yu. S. Yegorov,
D. M. Seliverstov, and G. D. Latyshev, Leningrad Institute
of Railway Transport I;n~rineers imeni Obraztsov, pp 251-251+
The measuring of frequency is based on comparison of the investigated
frequency with that of quartz.
"Some Problems of Linearity in Scintillation Spectrometry,"
by Yu. A. Nemilov, I. I. Lomonosov, A. N. Pisarevskiy, L. D.
Soshin, and Ye. D. Teterin, Radium Institute imeni Khlopin,
Academy of Sciences USSR, pp 257-262
The measurements were trade with crystals produced by the Institute
of Crystallography of the Academy of Sciences USSR and by the Kharkov
plant.
"Amplification of PhotomultJpliers in Transient Measurements,"
by A. N. Pisarevskiy and Ye. D. Teterin, 263-261+
An absence of correspondence between static and pulse amplification,
which may be characterized by a parameter of aftereffects, was found
for all types of photomult;ipliers.
135a. Modulated Charged Particle Beam
"Radiation From a Modulated Beam of Charged Particles When
Passing Through a Circular Mole in a Plane Screen," by Yu.
N. Dnestrovskiy and D. P. Kostomarov, Moscow State UY~i-
versity imeni Lomonosov; Moscow, Dokld.dy Akademii
Naulc SSSR, Vol 121+, No 1+, Feb 59, 792-795
The radiation originating at the passing of a modulated electron
beam through a circular hole in an infinitely thin ideally conducting
screen is computed within a velocity range of (3 = 0.1 top ? 0.99 (~? v~c),
by using the electronic computer "Strela for the numerical solution
of integral equations. These equations yield the analysis of the rela-
tion of the resistance to radiation to the current density and to the
beam velocity. The results are plotted in curves. Asymptotic formulas
for boundary cases are derived.
- 123 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
135b. Ultrarelativistic Charge Radiation
"Radiation of Ultrarelativistic Charges When Passing Through
~, Circular Hole in a Screen," by Yu. N. Dnestrovskiy and
D. P. Kostomarov, Moscow State University imeni Lomonosov;
Moscow, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 124, No 5, Feb 59,
pp 1026-1029
By using the asymptotic formulas derived in ?he above az-ticle
for ultrarelativistic velocities, computation is carried out of ~L-he radia-
tion originating at the passing of arbitrarily axial'~y symmetrical charges
through a circular hole in a screen. It is supposed that the .chaxge moves
in a group with a constant ~:ltrarelativistic velocity.
The obtained results may be of value for ',he evaluation of energy
radiated by particles in accelerators whi~.e passing near geometrical
inhomogeneities in accelerating gaps. For synchrotrons of meditun energies
(100 Mev) the number of articles in a burst is N R 3.09 to 1010, the
length of the burst is 10`cm, the dimension of inh nogeneities~l0 em.
As a result the energy radiated at one turn is 1U"~~'. (T= mc2). Inasmu h
as the number of passing gaps in cyclic accelerators is high (105 to 10~),
the specified effect is noticeable and should be taken under consideration
in the design of accelerators of ultrarelativistic partic:~.es.
136. Diffractional Disintegration Processes
"The Diffractional Disintegration of Rela?~ivi,stic Processes,"
by I. I. Ivanchik, Physics Institute imeni LebE~dev, Academy
of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoreti-
eheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp 17- 1
An analysis started in this journal, pages 499-504, is continued.
It is demonstrated that results previously obtained fram studies of non-
relativistic diffractional stripping (R . Glauber . PY~~re . Rear. ~~ 15?$ ~3J55))
hold for a re3.ativistic deuteron.
- 124 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
137. Scattering of 9C Mesons
"Scattering of 7t- mesons on Iydrogen at 240 and 270 Mev
Energies," by V. G. Zinov and S. M. Korenchenko, Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'no i Teoreticheslto Fiziki, Vol ~No 2, Feb 59,
PP 1-19
Elastic and exchange scattering ?of'7[- mesons on liquid hydrogen
at energies of 24U and 270 Mev was studied on the institute's synchrocy-
clotron. Readings were taken by means of scintillatora. The magnitudes
of the obtained differential cross sections were tabulated in ].0-27.cm?~
steray.
138. ~steresis of Electron Temperature in Plasma
"The Instability and Hysteresis of Electron Temperature
in Plasma in Inert Gases," by A. V. Gurevich, Physics Insti-
tute imeni Lebedev, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eksperimental'noy i, Theoreticheskoy b'iziki, Vol 36, No 2,
Feb 59, PP 624- 2
As a continuation of a previous work by the author (Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy: Theoretichesk~ Fiziki, 35, 392 (1958)) in which he explained
some peculiarities of the heating of an electron gas, it was found that
in a constant electric field the election gas gay stay in a stationary
state with respect to the ions only at a low potential of the electric
field; exceeding a certain critical potential value the state becomes un-
stable. The same instability occurs in a variable low frequency electric
field. However, in the latter case a second steady state with high
electron temperature occurs. The transi+ion from the first state to the
second, and reverse, occurs at various amplitude values of the electric
field which leads to a hysteresis of the electron temperature relation
to amplitude.
-125-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
139 ? Pam Can;erva?l:ioi:_ Law
Problem of Te;3?t:i.rtg the I'ax?ity Co.n:;crv~.tion J.n Strom;
Intert~,ci;ions," L?y V. CT. Sol~:,ti?'yLati~?, ,,TO?Lnt In?ti,tute of
Pluclcar Research; Moscow, 7hurna? Elcsp~:rimr:ntai'noy i
Teore?ticheskoy Fizilti . Vo:L ?t'i, No 2, Fob 5, pp ~2 -
~~ --
Whetkier the parity consur. va?r,.! on law holds in the production of
K-mesons and hyper. ans is con.,.dc:rc3 of par?ticu.7_a.r 9.n'terest (`Zhurnal
Elcsperimental' nom i Tc:or::-i;icheril~_Fi~.ti.lti, 33, 53?, ; 9~ (~?957'~ The
reaction ~ - ~ p - ~ - -4~ Iii -1-~ and ,sim{.l~.r rcac?f;ions are investigated
because they a,x?c :tnde:penrlent of asytmtte?t;ry ar..d ~_ongii;uclir..a1 polariza-
tion. The statistical study oi' mc~ny c;-L;cs a~, all angles of hyperon
production ~rields irtfox-mv:tion or.. the I~r~.iity r.onc.er't~a';,ier? law.
140. Isomer Tel~5m
"The C~?oss Section of Te1-GSm Formation From (n,~') Reaction"
by V. S Gvozdev and Yu. L. Khazov, Leningrad Physicotechni-
ca1 Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Elcsper?:imental'noy i Teoretichesko~Fiziki. Vol 36, No 2, Feb
59, p~~33 -
The cross section of formation of a.n isomeric state of Te125 with
spin 112 fx?om a (n,~) reaction wtt.s measured. The cross section was
detex~rninedby ccn~az~?scm~~r~ih+,he craws sc~?-'.;a.ot~:, c~F?cllereE.c.?tio~c ~i:f~-~ (rs,'v' ) H~f181,
considered to be {10 -~- 31 barns according to (D. F. Hughes and1J~ A.
Har ey, "Neutron Cross Sectiors,195~)~ Prepax?ed isotopes Te 2 and
Hf1~G were irradiated by neutrons. The cross section of the basic state
Tel~5 from the reaction (n,~) is according to the above reference
(6.5 -_~ 1.2) barns. ThP ratio of cross sections of 2'e125m formation (spin
112) to TeX25 (spin 1~2) equals C).~06,
141. T(p,rl)H~3 Reaction
"The T(p,n)He~ Reaction at Proton Energies of 7-.i_~ Mev,",
by G. F. Bogdano~r, RT. A. Vlasov; S. P. Kalinin, B. B. Rybakor;
L. N. Samoylov, and V'. A. Sid.orov; Moscow, Zhurnal. Eksperi?~
mental'no i Teorc:;icheskoy Fiziki. V~o1 3n, No 2, Feb 59,
pP~-33-63 ----
The cross sections a.nd angul~a,r distribution of neutrons from T(p,n)He3
reaction within the p;?oton energy range of 7-1.~? Mev were measured. It
was also attempted to Measure the po1_arization of neutrons from the
- 126 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
reaction. The results showed that at Ep ~ l0 Mev the asymmetry under
angles satisfying the Barshall condition (Hely. Phys. Acts, 29, 145
(1956)) does not exceed 596. At angles of O~a noticeable asymmetry
was observed indicating the existence of neutron polarization.
142. Elastic Scattering of Positrons
"On Some Cases of Elastic Scattering of ~+?};+-se+Decay .
Positrons on Emulsion Electrons," Z. V. Minervina acid Ye.
A. Pesotskaya; Moscow. Zhurnal Eksperimental'no i Teoreti-
cheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp -
A systematic survey of 80,000 events of ~+~N+~e+ decays in emul-
sion irradiated by the synchrotron of the Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research revealed cases in which two electron tracks originated at the
end of a ?-meson track. Tt is suggested that such cases which occur near
the N- a decay are due to elastic scattering of positrons on emulsion
electrons.
143? Mean Value Lorentz Force
"Acceleration of Charged Particles in Traveling and Standing
Electromagnetic Waves," by G. A. Askar'yan, Physics Institute
imeni Lebedev, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i Theoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pP
619-621
Conditions are studied, satisfying the existence of a mean value
unidirectional force acting on particles in a traveling or standing wave.
The mean value force depends on resonance properties of the particle's
motion and the scattering of the lateral momentum of the-particles. In
general the resonant frequency and the dissipation coefficient may be
changed in space. It is demonstrated that a particular selection of these
quantifies may bring about a directional particle acceleration, independ-
ently of the sign of the charge, directed through the spatially periodi-
cal field of the standing wave. The efficiency of the acceleration may
be enhanced 'by a transition from a rectilinear resonator to a ring type
with multiple passing of the wave field.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
114, photo Deuterons Energy
"Intermediate Energy Photo-Deuterons From C12 and ~3e9,"
by V. P. Chizhov and L. A. Kul'chinskiy, Leningrad Physico-
technical Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow,
Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoretichealco Fiziki, Vol
3 No 2, Feb 59, pp 3 5- 52
The energy distribution of deuterons and protons and the energy
dependences of ttie ratios of the deuteron~t;o proton yields are pre-
sented for the case of ghotodisintegration of C12 and~~Be9. In the case
of C12 the disintegration was induced by the bremsstrahlung of9E?~~ _
80 MeV from a synchotron and E?~ max ' 90 MeV in the case of Be A
semiempirical analysis of the results pertaining to deuterons is carried
ouit under the assumption that the deuterons are formed in the socalled
pick-up" process. The analysis is also extended to the experimental
results of other investigators.
145? The Excited State of $e10
"Deterr~~--ination of the Lifetime of the First E;;cited State of
the Be10 Nucleus," by A. N. Boyarkina and A. F~.. Tulinov, Insti-
tute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State Uriiversity~; Moscow,
Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36,
Feb 59, pp 353-3
A theory of the method for determining the lifetime of the excited
states of atomic nuclei based on application of recoil nuclei is presented.
An experiment is described in which the lifetime,', of the Be10 nucleus
in the 3.37 MeV excited state was measured. An upper limit for ?has been
obtained, 7' = 8.10-i4 sec .
146. Internal Conversion Electrons
"Spectrum of the Internal Conversion Electrons Accompanying
the oc-Decay of Pu-238 and Pu-240," by Ye. F. Tret'yakov,
L. N. Kondrat'yev, G. I. Khlebnikov, and L. L. Goldin: Moscow,
Zhurnal. Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2,
Feb 59, pp 3 2-3
Th spectrum of conversion electrons accompanying Oc-decay of pu238
and Pu2~ was studied with ?a large aperture magnetic spectrometer with
toroidal field shape, measuring p(- Q -coincidences. Transitions from
the 6 + excited levels have been detected. The multipolarity and more
precise energy values have been determined for transitions from the 4 +
and 2 -}- levels .
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
147. Alphas in Proton Induced Nuclear Decay
"Cascade Alphas From Nuclear Decay Induced by 360 and 660 Mev
Protons," by I. Ostroumov, N. A. Perfilov, acid R. A. Filov,
Radium Institute Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskay Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2,
Feb 59, p~-375
Stars containing tracks of off-particles with energies above 30 MeV
were studied in a nuclear emulsion irradiated by 360 and 660 MeV protons.
The effective cross section for production of these stars, the angular,
distribution of the fast oC -particles, and their relative probability eirlssion
fi~am light and heavy emulsion nuclei were determined. Emission of cascade
a(-particles and emission from nuclei of fragments as a result of bombard-
ment with protons of the same energies have been found to be quite similar.
This seems to indicate that the 0~-particles are produced by an identical
type of mechanism.
- 129 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
148. Dissociation of tb.e H2 Ion
"Dissociation of the Molecular Ton H2 in Collisions With Gases,"
by N. V. Fedorenko, V. V. Afrosimov, R. N. I1'in, and D. M.
Kaminker, Leningrad Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki,
Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp 3 5-392
Measurements have been made of the cross sections 6 H+ for formation
of protons as a result of dissociation of molecular hydrogen ions H2 in
single collisions occurring in helium, argon, hydrogen of air. The energy
(T) of the If2 ions varied between 5 and 180 keV. For hydrogen and helium
the curves 6H t (T) possess two maxima. For argon and air the
curve continually increases with. increase of the energy in the interval
mentioned above. The angular distribution of primary 24 keV H2 ions
scattered in argon without a_change of 2~m was investigated as well as
the distribution of H+ and H ions formed as the result of dissociation.
It is concluded that with decrease of the distance of closest approach of
the nuclei of the colliding atomic particles the relative probability of
scattering with dissociation increases.
149. The Photoeffect in Atomic Shells
"On the Relative Probabilities for the Photoeffect in, Shells
and Subshells of an Atotu," by Ye. P. Grigor'yev and A. V.
Zolotavin, Leningrad State University; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eke erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 3~, No 2,
Feb 59, pP 393- 00
The relative intensities of the K, LI -~ LII, I'ITI and M ? N photo-
electron lines produced by ~~ -rays from some radioactive isotopes in various
targets were determined with a p -spectrometer possessing a resolution of
0.4 percent. The results are compared with theoretical calculations.
150. Scattering of ? -Mesons
"Scattering of p-Mesons with Momenta of About 100 Mev~c in Copper
and Iron," by V. G. Kirillov-tTgryumov, B. A. Dolgoshein, A. M.
Moskvichov, and L. P. Morozova, Moscow Engineering Physics
Institute; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoreticheskoy
Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, 1 - 23
Scattering of ~-mesons was investigated in copper plates (i.n the
p-meson moment interval from 85 to 144 McV~c,) and in iron plates
(}--meson momenta from 81.2 to 135 McV~c). The ~-meson angular distribu-
tion plotted on basis of 2350 scattering event satisfactorily agrees with
the distribution for a point nucleus.
- 130 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
.7.5.1? An ?u~L 1ar Distribution. of Mesons and Positrons
"I.-~vest,l gat ions c~f.?1({'-? ?+-s e+ Decay r~ith Help of a Propane
Bubble ~;ttamber and Scintillation Counters," by M. P. Balandin,
V. A. Moiseyenko, A. I. Mushin, and S. Z. Otvinovskiy, Joint
Institute for Nuc)_~ar Research; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks~eri-
men~tal'noy i. Teoreticheskoy Fiziki Vol 3 ,~No 2, FeU 599
PP c3~ -
The a.tZgular dic~tr~ibutions of ?,u+ -mesons and positrons from'~C+-~N+~
-+ e + ??decays Caere investigated with a propane bubble chamber. It was
found +.hat tkie angular distribution of the ,y+ _;~esons is isotropic,
whereas the positron angular distribution, if described by the expression
(1. --~- 0( c~~e ^9 ), is characterized by the quantity or,= 0.116 ?
O~G35 '!'his value frr oC is much smaller than the values obtained in other
works in .~hich nrapane bubble chambers were a?.so employed. Scintillation
counter e~~pe.riments caa?ried out with the purpose of ascertaining the cause
of this discrepancy showed that the magnitude of the anisotropy significantly
dei:~end3 on the degree of purification of the commercial propane which is
sc~netimes emp:~oyed in bubble chambers. A simultaneous analysis of the data
obtained wit,Y!. p.rapane of a given composition with aid of a bubble chamber
and ,scintil?.anon counters showed that the quantity ~ (1 WC) is
eriut~l to 0.71 -!- 0.26 wb.exe WC is the pr~~bability for depolarization of
~.t"'- ?-mes:~ns ;n g:?aphite and ~, is a fundamental parameter iri neutrino theory.
152? Analysis rx' Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering
"On Po~:~;ib1e Sets of Experiments for a Simultaneous Analysis of
Data or. NucJ.con ?- Nucleon Scattering and Polarization in p - n
Cc__i isic~ns at 635 Mevy" by B. M. Oclovin, V. P. Dzhelepov; ~I. S.
Nad~~zhc?in; and u. I. Satarov, Joint Institute for Nuclear Re-
search; Mr_.ac~_.w, Zhurnal Eksperjimental'r..o i Teoreticheskoy
Fiziki, '~ of 36, N~ ~, Feb 59, PP 33- 3
It is sugge.tt,ed that analysis of data on n- p?~? and p-p-scattering be
narris+i out simultaneously as this should reduce the number of experiments
required to recon:7t,ruct the scattering amplitude. Sets of experiments are
prGser..+;ed ~~hic.;~ a`~cu1.d yie?.3 sufficient information if the aforementioned
aralvsi s is performei. ~`~1e angular dependence of the polarization i.n p-n
cn1J_isian3 at 635 Me'U has been measured. A difference has been detected
in t:~e~ er..ergy and angular dependences of the polarization for states of a
nucleon ?? nucle~~n system possessing different isotopic spins (T . 0 and T . 1) .
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
153. Corrections to Hamiltonians
"Rel~ativiatic Corrections to Phenomenological Hamiltonians,"
by Yu. M. Shirokov, Physics Institute imeni Lebedev, Academy
of Sciences USSR; Moscow ~urnal Eks erimental'noy i Teore-
t,icheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, PP 75- 77
A general expression has been obtained for the relativistic correc-
tions of the order of ("V/C)` to a phenomenologically described non-
relativistic Hamiltonian for the interaction between particles of arbitary mass
and spin .
15~. Cn1rectionu to t}~e Theory of Light Nuclei
"Relativys~tic Corrections to the Phenomenological Theory of
Light Nu::l.ei Levels," by F. A. ~ivopistsev, A. M. Pere_lomov,
and Yu. M, Shirokov, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow
S+,ate University; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i_
Tes~retacheskoy Fiziki, Vol 3 , No ~, Feb 59s PP 7 - 0
Relativistic corrections to the (phenomenologically prescribed inter-
action between a paf.r of nucleons in a nucleus is computed on the basis of
the exprec~sian obtained by Yu. M. Shirokov for relativistic corrections to the
nonrelativistic two-body iamiltonian. It is found that the relativistic
co::?ectio:~s str?on.gly depend on the shape of the potential and are of the order
of 0.02?-0.2 MeV frr a pair of nucleons.
155 ? Nuclear Par ama~net,ic Resonance
"Ohl the T;.eory of Nuclear Paramagnetic Resonance in Liquids,"
by G?, V. Skro~tski.Y and A. A. Kokin; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
r_ental.'naY i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59~
pp~l-~~A7
ThF quantum t!~eory of magnetic resonance absorption is applied to
describe nuclear paramagnetic resonance in liquids. Thermal motion of
the zno.lecul.es t,*hie;~ .leads to nsrrowirg of the albsox~tion line is taken into
account on basis of diffusion theory. The transverse and longitudinal
relaxation times and the correction to the gyromagnetic ratio are computed.
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
156. ~catte.r,ing of Po,lari?ed Electrons
"Multiple Scattering of Polarized Electrons, by I. N. Toptygin,
Leningrad Polytechnical Institute; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
m.ental'n?~ i Teoreticheskov Fiziki Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, PP
- ~_.
Multiple elastic scattering of polarized spin 1/2 particles in a
homogeneous and isotropic medium is considered. Approximate solution of
the kinetic equations defining the distribution f~unetior and polarization
vector of the scattered particles is given. A solution which is valid
for small as well as large scattering angles has been obtained as a
series expansion in spherical functions and spherical vectors.
15'T. Diffractional Disintegration Processes
t?Energy and Angular Distribution ir. Diffractional Disintegration
Processes,?` by I. %. Ivanshik and V. S. Popov, Physics Institute
imer.i Debedev, Academy of Sciences US5R; Moscow, 7~hurnal Ekeperi-
mental'noy i Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, PP
X99..50
The energy and angular distributions have been obtained for particles
produced i.n diffractional disintegration of a weakly bound quantum
mechani~val syatrm (~3euteron etc.). The energy distributions are parcti-
cally 9.dentical Frith those observed in stripping, whereas the angular
distributions are appreciably different. A s ample physical explanation
of this difference can be proposed and it may be of importance in inter-
preting t?ae experiments]. data.
158. Fo:cm Facta:? of the ~ -Meson
1?IYisp:rsio:c?. Rels:tions far the Electromag?~etic Form Factor of -Fhe
~ -Meson," by I. T. Dyatlov, Deningrad Playsicotechrical Institute,
Ai;ade..mny of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurral Ekaperimental'no~i
Teoretichesk~ Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59~ PP 555-507
D3.spersion relations are deduced for the electromagnetic form factor
of a charged n ?~meson. Dy considering only the contribution of a state
with t~,*o ~ ?-.mesons into the imaginary part,, an es;uation has been obtained
which. ,yields ;re form factor as a function of tYze ?(.~ -mesons scattering
phs,ses shift.
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
159? Param~netic Resonance in E1ee~trolyte Solutions
"Cin the Theory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Electrolyte
Solutions,01 by A. A. Kokin, Ural Polytechnic Institute; Moscow,
~uz?nal Eks erimental'no~ i Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2,
Feb 59, Pp 50 -511
The transverse and longitudinal relaxation times and the correction
to the gyromagnetic ratio are calculated for electron paramagnetic res-
onance without account of the hyperfine structure.
160. Alpha Active PTuclei
"Gn the Shape of Alpha Active Nuclei," by L. L. Goldin, G. I.
Novikova, and K. A. Ter-Martirosyan; Moscow, 7,hurnal Ekaperi-
mental'nov i Teoretichesko Fiziki Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59,
PF 512-51
Tl~e r. ate of OC -decay to the successive levels of the main rotational
band of the daughter nucleus permits one to determine the shape of heavy
n.ucJ_ei. The quantities Ocz and CX~ which are the coefficients in the
erpa-~sio:~ of the nuclear shape in terms of Legendre polynomials are computed.
The cslr_ulations are performed for four even and three odd nuclei. The
resul-t.s of tr.e ce,lculations satisfactorily agree with each other and
indicate thet the contribution of the term 0.4 p? (cos .9 ) to the nuclear
shape i.s signif ?' cant .
161, Eeta Polarization in RaE Decay
t9Folarization of Betas from RaE," by B. V. G,eshkenbeyn, S. A.
>\Temi~?ovskaye,, and A. P. Rt~.dik; Moscow, ~urnal Eksperimental'noy
i Teoretichesk~~y Fiziki, vol 36, No 2, F'eb 59~ Pp 517-525
Ef~'ects d~.ze to nonconservation of parity in ~ -decay of RaE are con-
Ridered. A formula is derived.for longitudinal polarization of ~ -electrons.
R'he magni+.u~?e of tT~e .longitudinal polarization is foand not t;o equal V/C.
The complete calculation is performed with account of the possibility that
+,i:~e pa:,?:Lty spay nc~t be co~?served. The experimental data relating to the
magni;~~de a~' the pcJ_arization of the RaE ~B -electrons signifiea+~tly
.restrict t`te region of possible violation of time parity.
- 134 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
].62. Neutrozi Exchange Interaction
"Aired Neutron Exchange Interaction of Complex Nuclei," by V. I.
CYol'danakiy, Physics Institute imeni Lebedev, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erianenta].'no i Teoretirhesko Fiziki,
Vol 36, No 2, Feb 599 Pp 52 -5~
It is shown that it should be possible to observe the process of
direct interaction between complex nuclei in which the nuclei exchange
neutrons when located on the external surface of the coulomb potential
barrier. For large values of the moments of neutrons in the outer
shells a consequence of such a process may be a large change of the
spins o:? the interacting nuclei and an excitation of ]_evela which
practically should be unattainable any other. way.
The exponent characterizing the probability of ttae process under
consideratj.on is estimated.
163. Forbidden Transitions in Oriented Nuclei
"Polarization of ~4 Particles and ACS -~' Correlation for First
Forbidden Transitions in Oriented Nuclei," by A. Z. Dolginov
and N. P. P~apov; Leningrad Physicotechnical Institute, Academy
of acien.ces USSR,. Moscow, Zhuxna_l Eksperimental'n~ i Teoretiche-
skoy Fizi.ki~? Vo:l 36, No 2, Feb 59~ pP 529?53~
Eaplictt formu]_as Nava been obtained for the polarization of ~-
particles arAd ~B-~ correlation for first forbidden transitions in oriented
nuclei. Atl five types of ~ -coupling are considered with account of
parity ncrconservat3.or.. The coulomb field of an extended nucleus is con-
sidere?].. Nc,norie:it::d. nuclei are examined as a particular case.
]_6~+. Ni.clear Potential Parameter
7nves+,igation of the Average Nuc?.ear Potential Parameters," by
~. A. Sliv and R. A. Volchok, Leningrad Physicotechnical In-
stitute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscotir, 7~hurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki9 Vol 36; No 2, Feb 59~
pp 539-553
T:ae parameters of tYxe aZ~erage nuclear potential b.ave been found on
b:~sis o:~' data pertaining to the leve]_s of nuclei with a number of nucleons
equal to that of a doubJ~r closed shell plus or minus one nucleon. Results
of. the calculations are presented. It is shown that the potential para-
meters are the same for all nuclei ].,ring on the nuclear stability curve.
A formula has been derived for the depth of the potential for prescribed
values of N. and Z. Expansion of the nucleon functions in terms of
spherical oscillator functions is considered.
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA1R~P82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
165, Pseudoscalar Meson Theory
"Renoz~nalization of the Vertex Part in Pseudoscalar Nleson Theory,"
by V. t7. Gribov, Leningrad Physicotechr~_cal Institute; Moscow,
Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoreticheako Fiziki, ~'ol 36, No 2,
Feb 59, pp 55 -559
Renormalization of 'the vertex part i.n pseudoscalar meson theory is
studied wits aid of spectral representations for the mean (with respect
to va^.uum) ox'' the ~'`-product of the three ffeisenberg op?rators proposed
in r~i'. [ l,. ~] . The problem of the magnitL~.de of the .renornialization
constants is discussed. An expression for Zl in terms of the spectral
functions is found. and the relation between these spectral functions and
the spectral :i"unctions in the Kellen - Lehma~a repses~ntations for single-
particle Green's functions is established.
.166. Electron-Phonon Interaction
"The Influence of the Electron-Phonon Snteraction on the
Cyclotron Resonance Frequency," by A. V. Tulub, Leraingra.d
State University; Moscow, 7.txu~^nal El:sperirnental'noy i
Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 3~, No 2, Feb 59, '~P 5 5-573
The phonon-?electron interaction in the polar crystals gives rise to
the nonlinear dependence of tr.? cyclotron resonance frequency on the
magnetic field. The calculation of this term shows 'that they are small
for practically used ~?ields. The polaron effect leads also to a correc-
tion in diamagnetic susceptibility. The mass renormalization in the
presence of the magnetic field is performed ~,rjthout assumir..g the coupl-
ing constant to be small.
167. Neutron Scatt~~rin~
"Scattering of Neutrons by Oriented 1~Tonspherica~_ nuclei," by G. L.
Vysotskiy, Ye. V. Inopin, and A. A. JEC~es:ry.in, Physicotechnical
Institute, Academy of Sciences o~' the U!irainian SSR; Moscow,
Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki. ual 36, No 2,
Feb 59, pp 57 -5 0
Scattering of neutrons by oriented nonsp~erical ruc:lei is examined.
The opaque nuclear model is employed in the calc~z]_atiors of the scattering
cross section. It is demonstrated that monspJhericity effects are more
appreciable in oriented nuclei than in nonoriented nuclei. It is also
shown that a noticeable azimuthal asymmetry appears in the angular dis-
tribution of neutrons scattered on oriented nonspherical nuclei.
- 136 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
168. Condition of Beta-Decay
"On 'weak Interactions Possible in the Feynman - Gell-Mann Scheme,"
by V. M. Shekter, Leningrad Physicotechnical Institute, Academy
of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eka erimental'no i Teoretiche-
skoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pP 5 1-5
It is shown that the ~Q -decay current is uniquely defined by the
requirement that the divergence of its vector part vanishes. Moreover,
the current responsible for hyperon decay should not be conserved. If
this were not the case, the strong interaction Lagrangian would possess
such a symmetry as to contradict the experiments on simultaneous creation
of strange particles. As a result, the reaction E..>~,+Q~.y can occur
only by virtue of A-coupling and the results of the experi:mentg proposed
in the wo~ka of S. Weinberg, R. E. Marshak, S. Okubo, E. C. G. Sudarshan,
and W. Teu?tsuh (Pr,~~s. Rev., Let., 1, 25, 1958) must be negative.
- 137 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
1.6~) ? ltadiat:(.vc Capture:
"Cc~rrclation Between the Direction of an Internal Drernsstrah-
lung ~Zuantwn and Ciz~cular Polarization of a garnrna ~Zuanturn
Ernittud ley an Excited Nuc:Leus After K-Capture, " by G. M.
Garide]~nan; Moscow, Lhurnal Elcsperimerital'noy Teoretl.cheskoy
I'i ziki, Val. 36, No 2, Fcb 59, PP 5~5- 5~7
The correlation botwc:cn the ~ -quantum from radiative It-capture
and the circularly polarized ~ -quantum from an excited nucleus is
studied. A general formula has bc;en dedu,eed for the correlation and
its dependence on the spins of the initial, excsited, and final states
of the nuclei.
:L70. Computation of Neutron Polarization
"C~mputation oi' Polar:izatiori of 0.1 - 1. Mev Neutrons," by
P . I; . Tlc:mirovskiy; Moscow, Zhurnal Eltsperimental' no Teoreti-
cheslto Fiziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59~ PP 5 -593
The polarization of 0.1 - 1 MeV neutrons scattered on heavy nuclei
is investigated. It is?slrown that the polarization can be described with
satisfactory accuracy 'by introducing in the optical potential an addi-
tional team of the form - r dv (0'1) where x = 3.10-27 cm2.
The best agreement between the theory and experiment is obtained when the
imaginary part of the potential is 2.5 MeV.
1'(l. Scattering Phases
"Computation of the Scattering Phase Shifts with Account of
the Second Approximation," by A. A. Sokolov, V. M. Arutyun-
yan, and R. M. Muradyan, Moscow State University; Moscow,
Lhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fizilsi, Vol 36,
No 2, Feb 59, PP 591- 599
The elastic scattering phase shifts f'or Dirac particles are determined
from the interaction potential with account of the second approximation.
The results of the Born approximation and of the damping theory, and also
the McKinley and Feshbach forrnula which is a generalization of the
Rutherford -Mott formula can be derived as special cases.
- 138 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
172.. Investigation of Particles Generated by FIigh Enersy Nucleons
"Invc;atigatlon of the Nature and Spectra of Particles Produced
by High Energy Nucleons," A. I. Alilthanov, G. P. Yeliseyev,
V . Sh . Kamalyan, V . A . Lyubimov, f3 . N . Moi seyev, and A . V .
Khrimyan; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimerital'no i Teoretichesko
I~'iziki, Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp 0 - 10
The nature and moment spectra of secondary particles created in lead
by high energy cosmic ray particles were investigated at an altitude of
3250 m above sea level with aid of a magnetic mass spectro-meter and
multilayor proportional counter. Experimental results were plotted in
curves.
173. The Accelerating Electric Field
"The ~Zua.ntum Interaction of the Electron With the Accelerating
Electric Field in a Synchrots~on," by I. M. Ternov, Moscow
State University imeni Lomonosov; Tomsk, Izvestiya Vysshikh
Uchebnykh 7avedeniy, Fizika, Vol 6, 1958, pp 123-129
Methods of quantum theory are applied to the process of energy absorp-
tion by an electron during its passing through the accelerating gap of a
cyclic resonance accelerator.
Theoretical and Exper:tmental Physics
174. Spectral Temperature Determination
"Spectral Method. of Temperature Determination," by 0. P.
:emenova, Sibirian Pliysicotechnical Institute, Tomsk Univer-
sity imeni Kuybishev; Tomsk, Izvesti V ssh kh U chebn kh
Zavedeniy, Fizika, No 6, 1958, pp 33- 3
Tspectral is analyzed from relative intensities of atomic and molecular
spectral lines in relation to the radial temperature distribution in the
cross section of the arc discharge It is shown that in the general case
T-sp depends on the excitation energies of the selected spectral lines,
on the ionization potential of atoms (the dissociation energy of molecules)
whose emission is used for determining T-sp, and on the general composi-
tion of the arc gas. If T-aacial of the discharge is far below TM, which
corresponds to the maximum of the function of the temperature excitation
of the used spectral lines, then T-sp depends on excitation energies and
is related to T-axial by a simple correlation, permitting the finding of
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
T-axial of the discharge. If T-axial is higher than TM, the values T-sp
are not related to T-axial and depend not only on the excitation energies,
but also on the ge.ieral composition of the arc gas and the ionization
potential of atoms (dissociation energy of molecules) emitting the selected
spectral lines. The concentration of emitting atoms may be expressed by
means of Bolzmann's law in T-ap, found from relative line intensities
belonging to atoms with a close ionization potential.
17;. Combustion Zone Analysis
"Two Cases of Unstable Combustion," by K. I. Shchelkin;
Moscow, Zhurnnl Eks er eta ?' i T~oretichesko I'iziki,
Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp 00- 0
A criterion of instability of the combustion zone in a plane detona-
tion wave has been found which determines the conditions for appearance
of spin detonation. Conditions are deri~red for the appearance of ?a one-headed
spin, many-headed spd~l deto~naU.on, and a pulsating ccmbustinn front in a detonation
wave. The applicability of the instability criterion (derived by consider-
ing a detonation wave) to combustion in a forced combustion chamber is
demonstrated.
Loss of stability of a plane combustion zone is treated as the source
of high frequency flame vibrations. The order of magnitude of the funda-
mental frequency of the combustion vibration has been determined and the
condition of appearance of overtones has been established. The origin of
resonance vibrations in a furnace is explained qualitatively and the
maximal pressure during the vibrations is estimated.
176. ~,uantum Field Computations
"On the Scattering Matrix in an Indefinite Metric," by L.
A. Maksimov, Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoreti-
cheskoy Fiziki, Vol 3 , No 2, Feb 59, pp 5- 73
A method is suggested which, in the theory with an indefinite metric,
excludes all nonphysical states from the initial and final states of the
system. The method is applied to the Lee model and scalar photon model.
- 140 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
177. Superconductivity Theoryy_
"The Compensation Equation in Superconductivity Theory,"
by D. V. Shirkov, Mathematical Institute imeni Steklov,
Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'-
noy i Teoreticheslcoy Fizilci, Vol 36, No 2, Fob 59, pp 607-
612
A relation is established between the matrix elements of the varia-
tional derivatives of the scattering matrix and energy operator. With
the help of this relation the kernel of the integral equation for com-
pensation of "dangerous" diagrams is expressed through the usual Green's
functions.
178. Plasma Theory
"On the behavior of a Conducting Gaseous. Sphere in a
~uasistationary Electromagnetic Field," by V. V. Yankov,
Physics, Institute imeni Zebedee, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko
FiziY.i, Vol 3 , No 2, Feb 59~ PP 5 0-5
.The stability of an infinitely conducting homogeneous plasmic sphere
in an external quasistationary electromagnetic field is investigated by
perturbation theory methods.
179. Plasma Acceleration
"Plasma Acceleration," by I. S. Shpigel, Physics, Institute ,
imeni Lebedev, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 3 ,~ Feb
59, ~P 11- 15
A plasma has been accelerated in vacuum in an axially symmetrical,
inhomogeneous pulsed magnetic field. The density of the plasma clusters
exceeded 10~ ?particles~cm3. The peak energy of nitrogen and oxygen
atomic ions wa,s ~. 190 eV, of helium io~as r.. 280 eV E~,nd of hydrogen
atomic ions ~ 120 eV .
- 141 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
180. Temperature of Arc Discharge
"Direct Current Arc Temperature between Metallic Electrodes,
Burning in an Argon Atmosphere," by Ye. L. Raff, Kazan,
Med Institute; Tomslt, TzYestiya Vysshikh Uchebnylth Zavedeniy,
Fizilta, No 6, 1858, pp 77-78
The plasma temperature of an arc measured frown ionic lines of titanium
by a graphic method was found to be 61000 K. It is 3emonsi:rated ,that
iron lines cannot be used for the measurements, because their transition
probabilities were not correctly computed (N. N. Sobolev, Zhurnal Ekaperi-
mental' noy i Teoreti chesltoy Fiziki, Vol 5, ? 19+3)
181. Ferromagnetica at Low T~nmeratures
"Measurement of the Noise From Cyclic Remagnetization of
Ferromagnetic Substances at Low Temperatures," by N. N.
Kolachevsltiy, Moscow Physico~technical Institute; Moscow,
Zhurnal Elts erimental'no 3. Teoretichesko Fiziki, Vol 36,
No 2, Feb 59, PP 1- 03.
Results of measurement of the noises from cyclic remagnetization of
ferromagnetic cores at temperatlses between 2? and 300oK are presented.
No dependence of the noises on temperature was detected.
182. Investigations of the Fermi Surface of Metals
"Measurements of the Electrical Conductivity of Metals in ,
a Magnetic Field as a Method for Investigating the Fermi
Surface," by N. Ye. Alekseyevskiy and Yu. P. Gaidukov,
Institute of Physical Problems, Academy of Sciences USSR;
Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'no i Teoretichesko Fiziki,
Vol 36, No 2, Feb 59, pp 7- 50
Results of investigation of the polar diagrams of the resistance of
samples of Sri, :?b, T1, Ga, and Na, single crystals are presented. It has
been found that ?n~.th variation of the angle between ~?he field and crystal-
lographic axes of Sn and Pb (and. analogously Au and Cu) the law of increase
of the resistance in a magnetic field changes from a quadratic form to that
of saturation. A strong ardsotropy of the resistance in a magnetic field
has also been observed in Tl and Ga samples. The results obtai~Ad are
ascribed to the presence of open Fermi surfaces in the investigated metals.
-142-
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
I7C? MTSCELLA.NROUS
183. New Soviet Scientific and Technical Journals To Be Published
"New Journals" (unsigned article); Moscow, Novyye Kni~i,
No 6, 10 Feb 59, pp ~+4-~+5
Tre following new jourr.~als for 1959 are listed and. annotated:
Geologiya Rudnykl; Mestorozhdeniy (Geology of Ore Ileposits). Organ
of +he Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits of the Academy of Sciences
USSR. Reports the achievements in the study of geology of metallic a.nd
nonmetallic deposits as well a,s in methods of searching and prospecting.
The most important theoretical problems of geology will be developed in
the journal, new factual mater~3.a1s will be published which have signifiF
cance for understanding the processes of ore formation. The mission of
the journal is to promote scientific research work in the geological
institutions of the USSR on the study of ore deposits. The periodical
will appear bimonthly.
_Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal (Paleontologir_al Journal). Organ of
the Llepartxnent of Biolo~;ica,.1 Sciences of the Academy of Sciences USSR,
The scientific problem4 of the study of .fossil plants a~*~d animals,
questions on the evolut-ion and phylogeny of the organic world a.nd the
history of paleontology will be examined. In addition to general theoret-
ical articles, Chere will be reviews, critical a.nd discursi,re articles
on controversial aad unsolved, problems in paleontology, and. reviews on
Soviet and foreign publicat~ion~s in paleontology. Periodicity is quarterly.
Fizika. tverdogo Lela. 1So13.d State Physics). Organ of the Zlepar~t-
ment of Physicom.athema;t?.ical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences USSR.
ThiG journal will report on the results of research in. physics of semi-
conductors a.nd semiconduci~or. devices, will elucidate questions on
strength and plasticity of solid. bodies, physics o:f polymers, and external
electronics. The periodical is a monthly.
Tsitologi~a (Cytology) . Organ of the Department of Biolo~~,ical
Sciences of 'the Aca~d,emy of Sciences USSR. This journal will publish
ma.t,erials on scientific problems connected with the study of plant
and asiimal cells and waicellula,r organisms, original scientific investiga-
tions on micro[copic an3 submicroscopic morphology of cells, cytochP.mistry,
cytophysiology and cytogenetics, as well as the applicai-,ion of cytological
investigations in medicine and agriculture. Periodicity is bimonthly,
- 1.43 -
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Radiolshimiya (Radiochemistry). This ,journal replaces Trudy Rad3yevogo
instituta imeni V. G. Khlopin (a nonperiodic serial) of the Academy of
Sciences USSR. The mission'of the ,journal is to publish original works
in chemistry of radioactive elements, nuclear processes, methods of radio-
chemical investigations, methods of investigating radioactivity, and the
history of radiochemistry. Readers will become acquainted with the most
important results of research in radiochemistry in a section on short
reports and letters. Periodicity is b:im.onthly.
Kuznechno-shtam ovochnoye proizvod~tyo (Torge a?ncl PreFS Production).
Organ of the State Scientific tend Technical Committee of, the Council of
Ministers and. the scientific-technical society "Mashprom."T.he ,journal
in intended for engineering-technical a.nd, scientific worlcers of enterprises,
scientific research institutes, higher, technical educational institutions,
and qualified workers of the forging industry. I?t will contain articles
on the basic problems of development. a,nd theory of: forging and r~~tampin~;,
improvement of technological processes, production of high-grade, forgings
and stampings, and introduction of complex mechanization a.nd automation.
of produ.ctiono The ,journal will organize on i#s pages discussions on the
most important problems of forging-stamping production, will acquaint;
readers with the latest achievements in Soviet and foreign machine build-
ing. Periodicity is monthly
Mekhanizatsi i a,vtoma;,iza.t.a~ proizvod.s?va. (Mecha,niz~;tion a.nd
Automation of Productionf , This ,journal is designed for a, wide circle
of engineering-technical workers of all branches of industry and trana-
partat?ion. Problems of the complex mecha.niza,tion and automation of pro-
duction processes having int?erinrlustry significance will be e:xamined.,
Information on the latest a?chieveme.ttts i.;o. the field of mechani2at?ion and.
automation both in +,he iJSSR and in for. ei~;n co~:~ntries will be published.
Periodicity iG moni-hly,
"G`~xrrent? Events" (~u~~i+zned, article); Ba1su, Izvestiya,
Vysshikh rJchebnykh Zaved.Pniv - Neft' i Ga.z, No-?+, 19558,
F 1.32 ~-._~~____
A. new periodical Tekhniko-Elsonomicheskiy B~n~lleten'(Teahnical-
Economics Bu.lletin), a.x~ organ of trLe .Azer^ba.y~?~,zhan Sot,:na.~~khoz, began pub.li.ca.-
tion in 1958 and, will be published, anont;h.ly j.n. both the Russian and .Azerba.y-
dzha,n languages .
The first issue contai.n.s an article by the president of 'the sovna~~?khoz,
S . OruG.zhev, entitled, "On the New 'Levels of Azerbaydzhan I.u.dus tr,^,y in 1958 ~ "
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
184. New Institutes To Ile Established Under Academy of Sciences Georgian
SSR -'
"A Document of Great Historic Importance," by A. Boch-
orishvili,, Vice-President, Academy of Sciences Georgian
SSR, Tbilisi, 7~a,rya Vostolsa, 20 Nov 59
Tn the process of expansion to meet the goals of the 7-~Cear Plan,
the Academy of Sciences Georgian SSR has planned to open the following
institutes: the Institute of Machine Building (Institute Mashinostroy~
eniya); the Institute of Semi.conduct~rs Institute Poluprov~odnikov); the
Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry ~Tnstitut Biofiziki i Biokhimii);
and the Institute of P1ant? Physiology (Institut Fiziologii Rasteniy).
185. Tasks Facing Czechoslovak Scientists
"Our ;,cientists Are Preparing for Great Tasks," by Bretislav
Jirouselc; Prague, Hospodarske Noviny, No 47, 23 Nov 58, p 3
The Ninth General Assembly of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
was held on 17 and 18 November 1958. This assembly provided an oppor-
tunity to evaluate the development of Czechoslovak science 3n recent
years and to prepare scientific institutions and individual scientific
workers to fulfill the great tasks put before them by the Eleventh Congress
of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
The period just passed was marked by unusual effortG to establish
better conditions for the further. development of the national economy.
In connection with basic changes in the organizational structure of
ind~.zstry a.nd construction area, scientific work wa,s also reorganized.
This chiefly affected the network, of scientific and research institutes.
In harmony with the principle of bringing departmental research closer
to the production base, almost ha.1i' of the departmental or ministerial
institutes, with 13,000 workers, were transferred t?o production manage-
ment units. The "Slezsky ustav" ~Silesia.n Institute) in Opava and the
"Hornicky ustav" ~Mini?~g Institute) in Prague were added to the research
institutes of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1957. In 1859, the
"Ustav makromolekularni chemie" Institute of Ma,cromolecular. Chemistry)
and the "Ustav teorie' informaci" ~t.nstitute of Theory of Information),
which wi:!.1 have a computex? center equipped with the "jJRAL" mathematical
machine, will come into being.
.~ 145 _
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
Wtth the cooperation of the scientists of +,he socialist countries,
pal?ticularly of the Soviet (Jniony Czechoslovak science has made a great
advance in numerous scientific areas in recent years In chemistry,
physics,, biologys and mathematicsy for example,y it has taken an honorable
position in the international scientific .forums In 1956 alone some 19
scientific conferences with. international participations 46f3 of the
2,50J participants being foreign. delegates;, were held in Czechoslovakia.
The sc~.entific institutes of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
have an entire series of good results, some of which are,, or soon will bey
contributing to increasing the effectiveness of the national economy. So
the "Ustav t?echnicke .fyziky" (Institute of Technical Physics) has worked
out a method for preparing monocryst?a,_l.s of highly pure silicons with quality
adequate for the requireme~ats of el.ec:t?r3ca?_ engineering applications and
a method for preparing semi:conduc:tors fir refrigeration engineering. An
analyzer which determines the wolfram content of s~f,ee1 during melting was
given +,o t?he "Spo,Jene ocela.rny" ;United Steelworks) in KJ_adno. 'rho
"Fyzikalni ustav" (Physical Institute) worked out an original theory on
the coercive forces in ferroelectric barium tit?aa~.ate (titanicitan. barna,ty)y
which has great significance .for using this ~n~sterial for memory coils .
Workers of the "Chemicky us+...av" ((.'?heaei.co,l Institute) s doing research
in the chemical r.om:oositi.on of hrowr~ c:oal.; have, :~.solated sozue addit,iona].
crystalline compounds. The ins+.i+,tzte also ach3.eved marked succec~s in
finding ine?rpensive raw materials for usF in the pha,rmacFutical industry.
A plaza for pilot productio~a. of gluts,mixie was also worked ou+,. .
The Institute of Technical Ph~fsics of. the Academy worked out the
stages of preparation of some ferritec~s which are magnetic semiconductors
and which are used as coils fo.r. me~uory a,?ad camputin.g circ~ui+~s of mathe-
matical machines in sutom:ti on. tec~hia:olr_gy,, s,nc? in the m1J.limeter wave
area.
The "Pola,rografick?y usta.v" ~,Pn?a,regra,phic institute) +,urned over
new osri ? lograph polarographri for prociuc+..ion. a~td p.~sse-~r~led and operation-
ally tested a. zi.r..c ion anc-+.l~~z~r far spinnin.~; vs.ts (spra,daci ]_azne) used
t ~ produce synthetic fabrics anal an analyzer to detect+, sulfur dioxide in
technical gases. These 3.nstruSue:rts a.xouced great izatere;;t. at t,ha exhitoi-
tion in Brusse:ls,.
The "Laboratcr anorgt~nicke c:he-,~ie" !T,a,boratorv of Inorganic Chemistry)
has finished the preps,ratiox~ of high perc:ents,ge ti ;anium sl~a.g a~s the st?a,r+,-?
ing surstance for metal tit?aniu~ snd it;, oxides,,, Aauong of-her things , Workers
of this laborator. y have c:omp].e:+?Fd the prospec:'k?ixig; of a germs,xiium raw mater. ia].
base in the Kladno and. Ra.lcovnik bp,siza.Rs a~a.d began prosFeetix~.g in t?he Rosice~
Oslavan-r Basin. The questiac~ of sepexat.ing magnesit~e axed +a,lc was solveds
and fundamen+,als for production. were grF.parPd.
46
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
The "Ustuv rudiobeehnilcy +~ elektronilcy" (institute oi'
Rud:io Trigin~eri.ug and Electronics) designed a machine for determining
random processes and an instrument for graphical solution of resonance
circuits, both instruments being distinguished at the Brussels World?s
Fair The "Hutnicky ustav" (Metallurgical Institute) has worked out
a theoretical and economical procedure foz? economical processing of
"Chvaletice" ore end has built an automatic instrument for determining
t?he ease of the reduction of ores. The "Ustav hydrodynamiky" (Institute
of Hydrodynamics) has worked on a new highly effective method of processW
ing water by a "flocculent cloud" and the application of this method in
the electric power industry. It also ixivPs?~,igated the purification of
waste waters.
These are only a few of the results of the work of some research
institutes of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Science now faces
the very demanding tasks connected with completing socialist construction
in Czechoslovakia. To complete these tasks as was s?~ressed by Academician
F~ Sorm, it will. be necessary to concentrate scientific research activity
on the most important problems from the viewpoint of the needs of practice
and theory and to depend on extensive cooperation and coordination among
the friendly states.
The most important problems are encountered in the electric power
industry. The limited deposits of solid fuels and water power require
a change-over as soon as possible to the utilization of nuclear energy.
In additions maximum conservation of power by means of "energochemical"
utilization of coals electrification} and gasification muc~t not be
neglected.
There are also important pxoblemb in the field cf chemistry which
must.. overcome its present, lag in a short +.irne . The develcpment of heavy
organic chemistry on a. coal base w~I.l.l a.ffo.rd a large field of ac+,ivity.
Production of synthetic ruk~bers p'_a?tic.^s~ and ~.;yxithetic fak~rics are fields
which demand unusual attention. Acadeaaicians must, also assist in research
on the chemical composition of oral substances anal the basic: products of
their processing.
Atomic energy ar_d the new deve~!opmental trends ixi Indus+.ry in general
place great demands on ~,~tallurgy anal metallurgical researcho There is
a need for special highly resistant metallurgical materials with wre~se
production Czechoslovakia has little or no eacperi enNe.
147 ~-
Sanitized -Approved For Release :CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
 Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2
A number of scientific disciplines will have to participate in inten-
sifying the mechanization and implementing the fu11 automation of produc-~
tion processes. Most important will be the formation of a reliable compo~-
ne:itr~ base. This will require particular help from physicists and radio
engineering workers9 for the main problem concerns modern semiconductor
components.
Further important tasks for the scientists lie in agriculture9 health,
construction9 and other areas of human activity.
-148_.
UsCOivnvi nc-60568
Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP82-001418000100290001-2