SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT NUMBER 1

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100010001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 121
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 27, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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Number I
SCIENTIFIC
INFORN~ATION
REI~OR.T
27 ~ebruery 1958
Prepared by
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.;;.
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL IN fELLIGENCE AGENCY
_..- - - ~ '~' f
/~ d `y~ rT~ `~
nnn/An/A4 ~+~ A on~47 And A E G i y
- ~ ~
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This report presents unevaluated information, extracted
from publications of the USSR, Eastern Europe, and China.
The information selected is intended to ind~.cate current
scientific developments and activities in the tiSSR, in the
Sino-Soviet Orbit countries, and in Yugoslavia, and is dis-
seminated as an aid to United States Government research.
SCIENTIFIC INFCfRMATION REPORT
Pale
I .
As tronomy
1
II.
Biology ~
3
III.
Chemistry
10
IV.
Earth Sciences
29
V.
Electronics
37
VI.
Engineering
~+5
VII.
Mathematics
~+8
VIII.
Medicine
50
7X.
Metallurgy
9!}
x.
XI.
Physics
Miscellaneous
101
115
NOTE: Items in this report are numbered consecutively.
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1. S~ce Rockets
"Tra,~cctory of Rocket flight Around ?bhe Moon," by M. S.
Lisovslcaya, B il.l. In-ta teor. astron. AN SSSR, 1957, 6,
No B, 550-565~1'from Referativn Zhurnal -- Astronomi
i Geodez:i a, No 9, Sep 57, Abstract No 71
A limited plane problem of three bodies is analy~Led, where the
Earth and the Moon are considered as finite masses revolving on circles
around their common center of gravity and the rocket a body of zero mass,
having already received its thrust and moving under the action of ter-
restrial and. lunar attraction without use of fuel. Tra~}ectories satis-
fying the following conditions are plotted (a) at the initial instant
the rocket is situated on the continuation of the radius-vector of the
Moon, (b) at the initial .instant the velocity of the rocket is perpendic-
ular to the radius vector of the Moon, and (c) the tra,3ectory either in-
tersects with the l~:arth surface or passes at a certain defined distance
from i?t.
It is demonstrated that the first two conditions secure the symmetry
of the trajectory with respect to the right line connecting the centers
of the Earth and the Moon at the initial instant of time. Six trajec-
tories of this type are dra~yzz~ one of them is drawn by the usual method
of numerical integration, and the remaining five by a particular graphic
method devised by the author.
2. Zero-N1~'a,ss Particle Motion in Gravity Field
"Periodic Motion of a Particle in the Gravity Field of a
Ro?L-ating Triaxial lipsoid, " by Yu. V. Batral;ov, B
In-ta teor. astron. AN SSSR, 1957, 6, No 8, 524-542 from
Reterativn Zhurnal -- Astronomi i Geodezi a, No 9,
Sep 57, Abstract No 7l
The motion of a particle of zero mass is analyzed under the action
of ptil.]. by a homogeneous triaxial ellipsoid, little differing from a
sphere of equal volume. The ellipsoid rotates uniformly around one of
its vexes of symmetry.
The equations of motion in rotating coordinates admit the Jacobi
integral. The surface of zero velocity contains three planes of s ym-
metry coinciding with the planes of. the coordinates. There are four
points of libration situated on the continuation of'the equatorial axes
of the ellipsoid symmetrically with respect to the origin of coordinateG.
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T~t is demonstrated by the method of 1'oincare that periodic so7.ut:Lons
of the 't;bird hind exist in the case when n n' l : 1 or 1 : 2, where
n iN ~tl~e mean motion of the particle and n' is the angular velocity of
rotation of the ellipsoid. The conditions of existence of circular ~,en-
erating solutions are investigated. The relation between the parameter
~ , characterizing the shape of the ellipsoid, and the inclination of
the generating circular solutions is found. I'or the quantities n n'
2 i (l ~ 5, 6...) being commensurable, the inclinations of the gen-
erating solutions should be close to 63?26'06" or its complement to 1#30?.
Solutions of the second kind are always commensurable.
Solutions of the first kind exist at all n and n', except n c n'
and n/n' ~ (1 } k)~k, k ~ ~.1, +2, .... The case n' 0 is dubious.
The author remarks that the results obtained hold also if the grav-
itating ellipsoid is not homogeneous, but the distribution of its layers
is homothetic.
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Microbiology
3. Work on Fluorc_.acent Antibodies Reviewed .
"7.'he Contemporary Status of the Problem of the Use of
Fluorescent Antibodies," by L. M. Uinodman, Voprosy
Virusologii, Vol 2, No 4, Jul/Aug 57, pp 195-200
The article surveys non USSR worlc on fluorescent antibodies, includ-
ing methods of ,reparation, uses for observing bacterial and viral anti-
gens, and application for studying the distribution of protein antigens
and antibodies. The Russian source contained in the bibliography is
apparently a translation from English.
Plant Physiolog
1+. Plant Development in the Far North Studied
"Plant Development in the Far North," by A. A. Shakhov,
Institute of Plant Physiology imeni K. A. Timiryazev,
Academy of Sciences USSR, Zhurnal Obshche y Biologic,
Vol 18, No 5, Sep/Oct 57~ PPPP 339
It has been found that in developing plants in the Arctic, the re-
productive period proceeding during .long days at lowered temperatures is
the factor determining the grade of plant precocity. Experiments on
different varieties of wheat indicate that conditions preceding reproduc-
tion have a great significance on embryogenesis and therefore on the
development of succeeding crops. Plants exposed to lowered temperature,
particularly at night, during their reproduction period, often und~;rgo
vernalization during embryogenesis. This may be partly the cause ~~f thF:
precocity of northern varieties of cereals.
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CPYRGHT
6. Patine and Pyrimidine Bases Exert Positive Growth Effect on Oat
Coleoptiles
"Nucleic Acid Components as Growth (-Promoting) Sub-
stances," by D. A. Sabinin (deceased) and L. Ya. Polozova,
Institute of Forestry, Academy of Sciences USSR, Fiziologiya
Rasteniy, Vol ~+, No 1, Jan~Feb 57, Pp 3$-x+3
"A positive effect of patine and pyrimidine bases on the growth of
oat coleoptcles was observed. It is suggested that this effect is as-
~d with the incorporation of the bases into the nucleic acid mole-
+CPYRGHT cure. ' -- English abstract
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5. C~r~ophysiological Peculiarities of Yeast Organisms After Deep Refrig-
eration and Thawing
"Cytophysiological Peculiarities of Yeast Organisms
Following Deep Refrigeration and Thwaing," by I. M.
Udel'nova, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of
Sciences USSR, Zhurnal Obshche y Biologic, Vol 18,
No 5, Sep/Oct 57, pp 39 01
The present research is a study of the morphological changes in
yeast, Endomycea magnusic, caused by refrigeration and thawing, and using
luminescent microscope and phase contrast.
Results indicate that yeast endurance of low temperature depends
on moisture content. Partial dehydration of yeast in a 5~ sodium chloride
solution and preliminary dr~~ing in a thermostat at 30?C significantly
increase its viability after refriger2~tion. Resistance toward deep re-
frigeration depends on the age of the culture. Under experimental con-
ditions, the duration of low temperature had no effect on the viability
of yeast cells. Cell reaction, after refrigeration, exhibited sufficiently
energetic respiration.
The contradiction between intensity of oxygen absorption and per-
centage of viable cells indicates either increased oxygen absorption by
the living cells or maintenance of?respcratory function by cells tha+,;
have been injured and are incapable of growth.
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7. LTse of Algae as food Source Investigated
"Comparative Biochemical Analysis of Two Species of Green
Algae, " by G. P. Serenltov, M. V. Palthomova, and I. G.
Borisov, Vestnilt Moslcovsko o Universiteta Seri a Biologic,
Pochvoveden~ya, ",eologii, Geografic, No 3, 1957, PP 77- 5
The authors report the results of biochemical analysis of two species
of green algae: Scenedesmus acuminatus acid Enteromorpha intestinalis.
These two species of green algae are sources of food supply for many in-
vertebrates. Scenedesmus acumcnatus algae belong to the order of Proto-
coccaceae and resemble the Diatomaceae family of algae and many species
of bacteria. This species of algae contain large quantities of protein
and nucleic acid, but very little, carbohydrates. Since the Protr~coccaceae
order of green algae, particularly those belonging to the genus (hloxella,
contain such large quantities of protein substances, they can be utilized
ver~f well as sources of food supply. Enteromorpha intestinalis algae
belong 1;o the family of Ulvaceae of the order of Ulotrcchales and contain
a :~ma11 quantity of protein and very little nucleic acid. Enteromorpha
intestcnalis algae contain up to 25y6 carbohydrates, mainly polysaccharides
of the hemcceLlulose type. Hemicellulose of this species of algae con~?
sists of pentosans and l~xosans. This species of algae also contains large
quantities of sulfur in a form of sulfuric acid bound with carbohydrate
complex. The carbohydrate complex consists of dozens of sugars, includ-
inrz galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, ribose, rhamnose, and possibly
tyvelose. By its chemical composition Enteromorpha intestinalis resembles
some larger species of algae.
Entomology
[See Items No 72 and 90.]
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Radiobiology
8. Synthesis and Accumulation of Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A A~.tered
Various Doses of X Rays
"The Influence of X Rays on the Synthesis and Accumulation
of Pantothenic Acid by Yeast Organisms," by L. A. Seliver-
stova, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences USSR,
Zhurnal Obshche y Biologic, Vol 18, No 5, Sep~Oct 57, pp 3C0-
3~5
Deep changes occur in the synthesis and accumulation
dibutylnaphthylstil.fonate), and other substances rtay serve as such cata-
lysts .
Ignition of prcnellant mixtures in cases when hydrogen peroxide
is used as the oxidant is achieved by the application of substancfls which
catalyze the decompositior_ of hydrogen peroxide. The hig.~.z temperature
of the products of this decomposition (1~U0-500?) as:;ures the ignition of
many substances used as fuels . Substances initiating the igniti.or_ and
o.~ka7.ysts which promote the ignition can also be used in this case.
Table l62 (page 1E3O) lists the composition of fuel combinations
used in rocltets operating on self-igniting fuel. [Bicomponent fuel com-
binations that have been used in German, British, Swiss, and American
rockets ere listed in this table. '.Phe hydrogen peroxide-decalin combina,,-
tion whici~ has 'been used in German torpedoes is also listed.]
A great number of combinations can be used as bicomponent fuels
that have to be ignited. 7.'he limitations which restrict the selection
of self-igniting fuels do not apply in this ::ase.
The mitture of the fuel with the oxidant does not have to 3.i~nite
in this case after the twd components come into contact. Accordingly,
the selection of substances that can be usea as fuels and oxidants for
rockets is considerably increased, so that the most efficient fuel com-
positions can be applied.
One of the advantages of fuels which do not ignite spontaneously
is the reduction of ?i;he danger of fire. In the case of spillage of the
fuel and oxidant, contact between them does not result in afire unless
there is a source of ignition.
The number of fuel compositions that have to be ignited is unlimited
for all practical purposes. Table 163 (page 1+31) lists some bicomponent
fuel combinations which must be ignited and which have a7.ready been ap-
plied. [Table 163 lis?rs five fuel-oxidant combinations that have been
used in German, American, Swiss, French and British rockets.] (pages 1+2F3-
1F31)
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The problem of achieving great distances in the flight of rockets
necessitates the search nor new sources of power based on the utilization
of chemical, nuclear, and thermonuclear fuels.
Table 164 ( page 432) gives a comparison of the calorie output
of chemical, nuclear, and thermonuclear fuels.
In recent t~.mes work has been conducted in a number of countries
on the development of rocket engines which utilize nuclear energy.
The following methods of using nuclear energy :In rocket engines
have been proposed:
a. Tlie nuclear energy that is evolved is transferred to a heat
carrier, i.e., water or liquid hydrogen, with the result that the latter
is transformed into vapor or gas. ri'he vapor that has been heated to a
high temperature is ejected from the nozzle of the engine. Under the cir-
cumstances one can hest the fuel to temperatures at which the heat carrier
is dissociated into atoms. These atoms on recombining evolve a very large
quantity of heat, so that very high velocities of outflow from the nozzle
are acY~ieved.
b. Another pc,ssibility is direst utilization of the kinetic
energy of radiation produced in nuclear chain reactions. It has been cal-
culated that in this case production of a thrust amounting to one ton per
second requires O.U0152 kilogram of uranium -235. Four and a half kilo-~
grams of chemical fuel would be required to produce this thrust.
A number of complex technical proY.~lems will have to be solved
before nuclear energy is used directly in rocket engines. Among these
problems one may mention cooling of the engine and prevention of the con-
tamination of the atmosphere with radioactive particles. The first way,
that of utilizing nuclear energy in combination with a heat carrier, is
much nearer actual application. Employment of nuclear energy in this
manner can be expected soon. (pp 431-432)
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18. Progress in the Production of Metale by the R].ectrol~s:is of Melts
"Hundred and Fifty Years of the Electrolysis of Milts,"
by A. I. Relyayev, Uspekhi K'~imii, Vol 26, No 10, Oct 57,
pp 1180-1186
Progress in the development and application of methods for the pro-
duction of metals by the electrolysis of salt melts and rriolten salt-oxide
mixtures is reviewed with particular s,ttention ?to Russian and USSR work.
Forty-one referencFS, 33 r~.mong them Russian, are 13sted in the bibliog-
raphy. Productior. of high-melting metals, electrolytic plating with re-
fractory metals, and production by electrolysis of refractory metals in
a powdered state are discussed. It is pointed out that Li, Be, Na, Mg.
Al, K, Ca, the lanthanides, Ta, and Th are produced by the electrolysis
of melts and that B, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo,
Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, W, Pb, and U coxi also be separated in this manner.
19. New Yugoslav Method of Quenching Coke
"New Process for Quenching; rr:~lse," by Dusan Isakc~v?!.c,
Belgrade, Borba, 15 Dec 57, P 3
Engr Dra~;ol j:ib Beatovic of the Lulsavac Cokery h:~.~ proposed and ex-
perimentally tested a new method of quenching coke. instead of "being
quenched with water, tti:r~ cok,~ is quenched z?.*:tth powdered coal in airtight
chambers. ue pow;~.ereu coal absorbs the heat from the hot coke, and, in
the. ensuing distil7,ation process, low-temperature coke is produced from
the powdered coal along with liquid and gaseous djstillation products.
The process saves large quantities of water and produ~:es valuable products
from fine coal which otherwise is not suitable for coking. Beatovic has
designed a reactor for this technological process as well as supplementary
equipment for convert:`.ng existing cokeries to this method.
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20. Fourth Conference of Silicate Industry Research Worlters in Hungary
"IV Conference of Silicate Industry Scientists"
(tulsigned article), Budapest, Nepszabadsag, 1~ Dec 57, p 2
The Technical Sciences Department of the Hungar~.~.n Academy of Sci-
ences (Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia) and the Scientific Association of the
Construction Materials Industry (E`pitoanyagipar~ Tudomanyos rgyesulet)
arranged the fourth conference of the,silicat% industry resmarch 'w'orkers
held from 5 to 7 December 1957 in the halls of the academy. Lectures at
the conference included I{itaygorodskiy (fau), Soviet academician; Budnilcov
(fnu), Soviet Academician; Lur'ye (fnu), Soviet professor;.M. Gregor,
Czechoslovak academician; Figus (fnu), Czechoslovak professor; Franke
(fnu), professor from Weimar; and Professor Winogradow (fnu) from Poland.
Organic Chemistry
[See Items No 91 and 113.]
Inorganic Chemistry
21. The Decomposition of Nitric Acid
"Spectroscopic Investigation of HN03- N220 - H2O Solutions,"
by T. V. Yaltovleva, State Institute of Ap~lied Chemistry,
Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 2, No 12, Dec 57,
pp 2 . ' -27
Investigation of the kinetics of the decomposition of nitric acid
in the liquid phase proved to be inadequa;;;~~ for the clarification of the
mechanism of the decomposition of nitric acid: data on tYie chemical struc-
ture of HN03-N20~-H2O solutions were necessary. In the investigation
described in this paper, an attempt has been made to obtain these data
by studying vibrational spectra.
On tl-~e basis of spectroscopic data published in the literature, one
may regard the following as established:
1. That anhydrous nit?^ic acid partly dissociates according to the
equation 2 HiV03 ~ NCB + NO,,+ + I?I20.
2. That in ?IP103 - N20~, solut~.on containing up to B.7b of N20
the nitrogen tercxide dissociates completely according to the equat~on
N20~c~ N03 + NO
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A systematic spectroscopic investigation of IiN03 - N20~, - 1-I20 has
not yet been made. Prom the standpoint of the problem that has to be
~tolved, the .range of high cor~centrata.ons of IIN03 is of particular intereUt.
This is the range which has been inves?tigate.,i.
No special evaluation of the intensity of bands in infrared cpectz?a
has been made, so that no relationships can yet be derived on this basis.
IIowever, one may assume on the basis o:E' the data which have been obtained
that the following relationships exist: at a 2~ content of water, the
intensity of the 770 and g10 cm-1 bands (IIlV03) passes through a maxim~un,
while the intens j.ty of the 1263 cm-1 band (N20~.) passes through a minim~un.
The concentration of N20~, also exerts an affect on the intensity of the
absorption bands, but more detailed data on'the subject are needed. It
will be of de:c"inite value to make measurements of 'the changes of intensity
in bands of Raman spectra and infrared absorption spectra at different
concentrations of the components of HN03 - N20~ - IiGO solutions.
[SIR Pdr ~e : Results obtained in rep earch oi' this type have a bearing
on the behavior of concentra+ed nitric acid., nitrogen tetroxide, and mix-
tures of nitric acid with nitrogen tet:roxide in storage and transpoxta-
tion.
22. Activated Carbon Applied in Work With Diborane and Boron Trichloride
"On the Application of Activated Carbon in Practical Work
With Diborane and Boron Trichloride," by V. I. Milsheyeva
and T. I~'. Dymova, Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy I4~imii, Vol 2,
No 11, Idov 57, pp 2539-25 2
Because of the toxicity of volatile boron compounds, specifica:!ly
of diborane and boron trichloride, and the danger of explosions when
these compounds come into contact with moist air, their escape into the
air must be prevented. Traps filled with activated carbon were found to
be of advantage for this purpose. The use of such traps opens up possi-
bilities of .investigating the kinetics of reactions accompanied by ?the
evolution of diborane or of boron trichlor, ide and of determining a~t at-
mospheric pressure, without the use of vacuum equipment, the bailing points
of mixtures that contain diborane or boron trichloride.
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23. Preparation of Diborano b_y the Reduction of Boron Trlehloride With
Iiydr. open
"Inves?tigation of the Interaction of Boron Trichloride
With Hydrogen in the Presence of Aluminum or of Some
Aluminum Alloys," by V. I. Milcheyeva and T. N. Dymova,
Zhurnal Neor anichesko I(himii, Vol 2, No 11, Nov 5'7,
pp 2530-253
hydrolytic decomposition of borides and reduction of boron halides
with hydrogen under the action of an electric discharge are unsatisfac-
tory methods for the preparation of ~.iborane,,principally because low
yields of diborane are obtained. The reaction of lithium hydride with
the boron trifluoride-ethyl ether addition product is unsatisfactory be~
cause large quantities of ether have to be employed. from the practical
standpoint, reduction of boron trichloride with hydrogen in the presence
of metals and hydrides is preferable (cf. D. IIurd, J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,
Vol 71, lg~+g, p 20). Although the yields obtained are small, this reac-
tion can be cor.wucted continuously. The possibilities of increasing the
yields of diborane in this reaction by using aluminum alloyed with other
metals have been studied.
In the experiments conduced, a gaseous mixture of boron trichloride
with hydrogen was passed thr~~ugh aluminum alloy powders. It was estab-
lished that the yield of diborane is improved when alloys of aluminum
with transition metals ar: used. Al-Cu, A1-Cu-Zn, A1-Cu-Li, Al-Cu-Mg,
Al-Cu-Ni, A1-Cu-I'e, ar.d Al-"u-Ce alloys were investigated. Syr~tematic
investigation of Al-Ct~ alloys showed that the dependence between the al-
loy composition and yield follows the regularities established by N. S.
Kurnakov for the interrelationships between the composition of alloys
and their mechanical properties. On the example of an alloy of aluminum.
with 5.3q~ of copper, the effect of heat-treatment on the chemical activity
of metal alloys was confirmed.
[SIR Note: Diborane is of importance as a rocket engine fuel. In
addition, it serves as a principal starting material for the preparation
of other boranes (e.g., by dehydrogenation) and of their derivatives.)
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2~. Complex Compounds of Lanthanum Wi?Y.h Trioxyglutaric Acid
"Cn the Complex Compounds of Lanthanum With Trioxyglutaric
Acid, " by Ya. A. I'iallsov and N. K. Davidenko,, Zhurnal
Neorganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 2, No 11, Nov 57, PP 252-2569
By using the methods of potentiometric pH titration, measurement
of electric conductivity, and determination of ion transfer numbers, ?the
interaction of lanthanum with trioxyglutaric acid was investigated in a
wide pH range. It was found that in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solu-
tions compounds of lanthanum with trioxyglutaric acid are formed a?t a
propc~rtiun of ?the two cc~npaz~nts of 1:1. Lanthanum enters into the com-
position of a complex ce.tion in acidic solutions. In wealrly acidic and
neutral solutions an insoluble neutral compouric' is formed, while in al-
kaline solutions a soluble enionic complex is present. La2(C5H6n7~3
was isolated from acidic solutions, C5H50~La.H2O from weal~ly acidic solu-
tions, and C5H1~07LaNa.H2O from alkaline solutions. The presumable struc-
tural formulas of these compounds are given.
The complex compounds of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids with
rare-earth elements play an important role in the separation of these
elements with the aid of ion-exchange resins. Hitherto, citric acid
and to some extent lactic acid were mainly uGed for this purpose.
25. The Chemical Properties of Cerium Hydrides
"On the Chemical Properties of Cerium Hydrides," by
M. Ye. Kost, Zhurnal Neor anicheslso Khimii, Vol 2,
No 12, Dec 57, PP 2 -2 93
It was found that the difficulties due to the high reactivity of
cerium hydrides toward the oxygen of the air can be eliminated to a con-
siderable extent by a brief treatment with carbon dioxide of the cerium
hydrides that have been obtained. By enalogy with the reaction for the
preparation of anhydrous uranium halides, a new method has been developed
for the preparation of anhydrous cerium bromide by treating ceriLtm hydride
with hydrogen bromide. Investigation of the hydrolysis of cerium hydrides
showed that ceriu.;: trihydride is more reactive than cerium aihydride
and that there is no differential effect [stezp drop in the curve] as
far as the rate of evolution of hydrogen is concerned.
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26. Third Republic Conference on Inorganic Chemistry
"An Announcement" (unsigned article), Kiev, Ulcrainslciy
I(himicheskiy Zhurnal, Issue 3, 1957, inside front cover
The article reported that the Institute of General and Inorganic
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, would convolce the Third
Republic Conference on Inorganic Chemistry in December 1957 in Itiev. It
added that the conference would concern the results of chemical research
for tY:e past 40 years in the Ukraine, the chemistry and technolo~?y oi'
individual elements or groups of elements, minera]. resources in the
Ultraine, and the structures of :inorganic compounds.
Isotope Chemistry
27. Concentration of Sulfur Isotopes by Cher~iical Exchange
"Application of Radioactive Sulfur for the Investigation
of the Process of Concentration of Rare Sulfur Isotopes
by a CheL~.ca1 Exchange Met?iod, " by I. A. Korshunov and
A. P. Batalov, Chair of Raci.iochem9.stry, Gor'kiy State
University imeni N. I. Lobachevslciy, Zhurnal Neor ariichesk~
Khimi.i, Vol ~, No 11, Nov 57, pp 2676-2 79 .
The radioactive isotope S35 ~r~as used. for the investigation of the
process of concentration of S3~' by the exchange between sulfur dioxide
and sodium bisulfate in a countercurrent column. Tt was shown that the
application of radioactive sulfur makes it possible ?to determine the de'
pendence of the maximum enrichment achieved on a nLUnber of factors such
as the concentration of the w~lcing solution and the rate a?t which it is
fed into the apparatus.
28. Soviet Professor in Hungary
"News" (unsigned article), Budapest, Nepszabadsag,
I+ Dec 57, p 8
0. V. Uvarov, professor at the Ithar'kov Phys.icochemisi;ry l"nstitute,
gave a :Lecture on 3 December 1957 on the sek~aration of stable isotopes
of the light elements at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of the
Eotvos Uniz~ers ity in I-Iungary.
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29. "Soyuzrealctiv" Trust Announces Availability of Colbalt-60 and Tridium-
Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 21~ Dec 57
An announcement in this paper sayr~ that the "Soyuzxealctiv" Trust
has in its possession and is able to deliver :gin December 19y7 and January
1858 the follow~.ng: cobalt-60 with an activity of 0.5 gram-equivalent of
?tadium and 50 grams -equivalent of r?aditun; and iriditun-tq2 with an activity
of 2 grams-equi:?~,ient of rad3,um. Or~.ers should be made out in conformn,nce
with established regulations . The ada~?ess of the trust is Tsentr, Kr:-.~ro-
lsolennyy Per., 12 (Center, ICrivokolennyy St., 12); telephone It ~-56-IE3,
[For additional information on isotope chemistry, see Item Iu'~ 55.]
Nuclear Chemistry
30. The Extraction of Radioactive Ruthenium From Solutions of Irradiated
Uranium _.__^~'
"Investigati.on of the Extraction With Organic Solvents of
Ruthenium From Nitric Acid Solutions; Part l," by V. D.
Nikol'skiy and V. S. Shmidt, Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Ithimii,
Vol 2, No 12, Dec 57, pp 271+6-2751
The distribution of ruthenium tetroxide, the nitrate of quadrivalent
r~.~thenium, and ruthenium nitrosonitrates between nitric Gcid solutions
and diethyl ether, kerosene, and solutions of tr:~butyl pho;~phate in l~ero-
se;ae was investigated. It was found that on1.y the nitrosonitrates are
extracted to a significant extenf. Ruthenium tetro:cide is unstable in
the organic phase.
It was established that there is a close similarity between the
behavior of ruthenium present in nitrosonitrate solutions and radioactive
ruthenium present in nitric acid solutions of irradiated uranium, This
confirms 'the assu,~ption that the ruthenium which is extractable from
solutions of irradiated uranium is present in the form of nitrosonitrates.
[S]R Note: Purification of irradiated uranium from radioactive
ruthenium present in it as a fission splinter element is important be-
cause of the high cross section of neutron absorption exhibited by this
element.]
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IV. EARTIi SCTLNCES
Geodesy
31. field Editing of Topographic Maps
"Field Editing of Topographic P?aps," by M. Teshabayev, Izv.
Uzbekist. fil. Vses. eo o-era aSSR, 1956, 2 (23), pp 150-151E
from Referativny~ _ZhurYial--Astz?~nomiya i Geodeziya, No 8, Aug
57, Abstrac N1E o ~1 ~` --
F3.eld editing should provide the fullest and most correct reflection
of the natural landscape on the map. Th,~ editor of afield detachement
should study the area, complete editing ;instructions, supervise the per-
sonnel, and compile the topographic description. Detailed geographical
descriptions are suggested. Examples of a survey are given.
32.
Polar Method of Copying Maps in a Different Scale
"A Polar Method ;:f Copying Maps in a Different Scale," by K. M.
Nadelayev, Tr. Irlsut, gorno-metallurg. ~,n-ta, 1956, No 10, pp
11~-0-11E2 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal--Astroyom_iya i Geodeziya,
No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No 927
Under conditions of field geodesic survey work th.e copying of maps
and drawings in a different scale by means of a pantograph is not always
possible. A polar method of pantographing is suggestea in which the
picture on wax paper superposed on the pantographed drawing is obtained
by changing, by the chosen factor, the radius-vector defining the posi-
tion of the reproduced point..
33. FY::ing Mine Vertical
"The Fixing of Extreme Positions of? a Swinging Mine Ver?L?ical by
Theodolite Reiterating, Method," by. A. ?l~. Fed,~~rovslciy, Sb.
Krivorozhsk. gornorudn. in-ta. 1956, Ni, 5, pp 111-115 (from Re-
ferativnyy Zhurnal--Astronomiya i Geodeziya No 8, Aug 57, A~-
stract No 9 E7
~'~ method is suggested which affords the possibili~L-y o:C bypassing the
use of scales in the orientation of underground mapping. It consists in
reiteration between the extreme positions of both swinging plumb lines
and immobile signals. The latter consist of mine lamps with opaque glass
on which the swinging shafts are visible. Special signs are made on these
screens. T.he accuracy is abut ~ l0."
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3~~. Trigonometric beveling by Percen?L- Method
"Trigonometric Leveling by percent Method," 'ay Ye. V. Mi1ev-
slsiy, AvL-omob. do=~, 195h, No 8, rp 20-21 ~ from Ii~efcrativnyy
Zhtu~nc~l -'~Cs~ronomi i Geodezi No 8, Aug 57, Abstract
No q E5
It is suggested that the producing of tacheometric and plane table
maps in large ~;cale bE defined by the exceeding of rack points over the
station in percentage of distance. Here, because the value of the func-
tion sin 20(/2 is a, percentage ratio of n = h~pt, then the known formula
h = (d sin 20(/2 + + i - v may be ur-,ed in the form h = dn~100 t i - v.
Geophysics
35? Variations of Thermobaric Fields in the Free Atmosphere
"21+-Hour Variations of Thermobaric Fields in the Free Atmos-
ph~re," by A. S. Chaplygina, Tr. Geofiz. in-ta AN SSSR, No 33
(160), pp 60-105 (from. Referativnyy hurn.al -- Melthanika, No 8,
Aug 57, Abstract No ~11+1~, by V. V. Byko~r)
'.his work gives the results of a statistical investigation of the
diurnal variatior..~ of the geopotential field fox? levels of 1,000, 850,
700, 500, and 300 mb. The data are obtained from constant pressure maps
by the Central Institute of Forecasts for the periods from 1 to 10 Septem-
ber 1x50, 1 to 31 May 151, and 1 to 31 May 152. Tb~ central portion
of European USSR was selected for investigation because: it was the most
completely covered by aerological. observations.
The values of real variations of geopovential, vortices, and rela-
tive topography were catculated on standard levels for a number of points
in the above-mentioned territory. The indicated values t~rere subjected
to a primary statistical processing; which consisted of the calculation
of the mean square values of diurnal variations of geopotential and
vortices at different levels, the relat3.ve topography at ~.ifferent layers,
the ~~orrelation between individual charac~eristics of the thermobaric
field, etc. ?
One of the basic problems in this work is the determination of the
regression coefficients ai and bk in the regression equation:
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where xi(i^ 1,2,3,4,5) is the advection. of the vortex at levels of 1,000,
850, 75~, 500, and 300 mb, respectively; yk(lt ~ k,2,3,~~H) is the +advection
of the rela?bive topography (of mean temperature) of the layers bP?~??reen
tS50 And 1,000, 700 and ti50, and 300 and 500, respectively, graphically
calculated along the trajectories of air particles and based on the
upper boundary levels of each layer; and Z (1^ 1,2,3,4,5) is the real
local. variation of geopotentials a?t the main isobaric suri'ace levels.
~'he calculated regression coefficients (i.e., the weighting factor
of the empirically deter~ained effect function) t'or the indicated equa-
tion are presented in both table and graph form. The author makes note
of the agreement of the effect coefficients of vortex advection on the
geopoten'~.iFil. change at any level Thus, for example, according to data
for the .c^i:rst of the above-mentioned periods, vortex advec-~~ian at the
AT.~00 level exerted maximum influence oi: geopotential change. However,
in absolute value the indicated coeff'icientg of effect become larger as
the level at which the geopotential is examined becomes higher. It is
also pointed. out that vortex advection at the AZ`~10 level exerts little
influence on geopotential variation at any level. ;Cn characterizing the
effect of temperature advection at various levels on the change of gc~~-
potential, the author indicates that the sign of the effect coefficients
cl~.ianges with altitude in changes with altitude in conforri;~nce with? theor~r.
The author also sets up analogous equations of regression far the varia-
tion of temperature fields in free atmosphere.
In additions the principles of temperature variation in th,~ atmos-
phere were invest:!gated on the basis of the heat influx equation; i.e.,
it was considered that local change of temperature depends on tem~~erature
advection, vertical movements, stratification, and nonadiabatic influx
of ht~at. At the same time the author attempts to appraise the role~,.of
these individual factors.
The bibliograph contains five entries.
36. Study on Deed Seismic Soundings of the Earth's Crust
"The Correlation of Seismic Waves in Deep Seismic rounding of
the Earth's Crust," by P. S. Veytsman, Institute of the Physics
of 'the Earth, Academy of Sciences USSR, Izvest~i~a Akademii
Nauk~ Seriya Geofizicheskaya, No 12, Dec 57, pp 1 E~3~-1~i?~2
The problem of the correlation detection of seismic waves and groups
of waves which are registered in deep seismic sounding of the Earth's
crust are considered. Groups of waves connected with the principal
seismic boundaries in the earth's crust are distinguished on seismograms.
The waves of different groups differ in a number of stable kinematic and
dynamic charac?`~eristics. On the basis of an an~al.ysis of these features,
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criteria for the separation and identification of groups of waves regis-
tered in separate profiles are formulated. The principles of gxoup cor-
relation permit carrying a?~t the ,join?t interpretation of the seisn~:ic reg-
istrations, obtained in a system of profiles located within the limits
of 100 kilometers from the point of the explosion and at a distar'~ce of
10 kilometers between profiles.
The experimental work on deep seismic sounding showed that the basis
o?f the methods of interpretation, develonecl. mainly fur conditions in the
Tien Shran, are also applicable in other regions having a different struc-
ture.
A bibliography of 29 Soviet and non-Soviet sources is given. Fif-
teen ox these are by G. :'~. Gamburtsov.
37? History of Organization of Magnetic Observatories in USSR
"Organizattion of the Network of Magnetic Observatories in the
USSR for the Past ~0 Years," by Yu. D. Kalinin, Scientific Re-
search Institute of Terriestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Ra-
diowaye Propagation, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya Geo-
fizicheskaya, No 12, Dec 7, pp lE -1 77
The article presents a history of the organization of the network
magnetic observatories iii the USSR up to 1957 and the principal results
of their work. '?'pie article is divided into six parts: (1) Magnetic
Observatories in Russia Before the Revolution; (2) Network of Magnetic
Observatories, 1917-1930; (3) Pletwork of Magnetic Observatories, 1931-
1940; (lE) NetF~~rk of Magnetic Observatories, 1941-1957 (5) Principal
Works Accomplished in the Magnetic Observatories; and (6) Magnetic Vari-
ation S+-ations (Temporary and Expeditionary).
38. Soviets Introduce New Methods in Seismology
"Certain New Methods of Seismic Investigations," by ..G. .A.
Gamburtsev~ with a supplement by Yu. V. Riznichenko, Izvestiya
Akademii T1auk, Seriya. Geofizicheskaaya, No l2, Dec 57, pp 1T3:L-
~~7
The article is in the form of a report on certain new methods of
seismological investigations used under the direction and leadership of
Gamburtsev by a number of Soviet seismologists of the Geophysics Insti-
tute of the Academy of Sciences USSR in collaboration with the academies
of sciences of some of the union-republics (Georgian, Azerbaydzhan, Turk-
men, and others).
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The first of these is the idea of an azimuthal phase correlation of
seismic waves based on the use of azimuthal seismic stations, which con-
sist of a group of differently oriented seismographs having a single
point o.f location. ~ variation of the azimuthal station was the use of
' an "inclined" seismograph, by means of which the component of soil move-
ments along certain inclined axes are registered. The azimuthal method
easily enables ?~he visual. separation of lozigitud.inalD transverse, and
surface waves on a background of irregular wave-disturbances, and also
enables ore to distinguish simple waves from waves distorted by inter-
ference. This is based on the stability of the polarization of the os-
cillations with time. Txt addition, this method requires only one point
of observation in contrast to usual methods of seismic prospecting which
may require two or more points of observation due to profile.
The second was the method developed. for amore complete study of
seismic phenomena. This was the wider..:~ng of the frequency range in ?the
registration of earthquakes. In this connection a new instrument was
developed ca]1ed the seismoinclinometer, ~~rith which low-frequen~~y os-
cillations were recorded. This instrument differs from inclinometers
in that it measures the speed of changes in the inclines rather than the
inclines themselves.
The third development by Gamburtsev resulted in a method of deep
seismic sounding of the earth's crust, the basis of whic:u are the corn
relation principlPS of registering artificially created seismic waves.
Results of this wor~? led to much information on the characteristics of
the geological structure in depth of certain mountain and foothill re-
gions. The results indicated the possibility of significantly increas-
ing the details of studying deep layers of the Eaz~th's crust.
In his supplement to the article, Rizni~henko reviews Gambrrtsev's
work and its continuation at present. In this connection he mentions
the connecti~:~ established between the structure of the Earth's crust
and the char?actei or' the gravimetric-field 9.n the region of northern
Pamir, Experimental work in the central part of the Caspian Sea for
the purpose of developing meth ds of deep seismic sounding in the sea
wa:~ none in 1956 by the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Academy of
Sciences USSR, ~.~~ collaboration with other organizations. At present
expeditior_ary?work is being done in the study of the Earths crust in
the transition zone between the Asiatic continent and the Pacific Ocean
in the region of the Okhotsk Sea and the Western part of the Pacific
Ocean.
A1.7. the investigations of earthquakes and the structure of thQ
earth's crust were made and are being made by seismic met~ods with the
use of other geophysical methods (gravimE:tx~y, magnetometry, etc.) and
accompanied by geological investigations.
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The author says that Lhe methods of ~'e~p seismic sounding of the
,Lcirth's crust on .land, and the methods of udying weals local earthque~kes
developed in the USSR are more accurate and detailed than methods of
this type being applied outside the USSR. However, he admits that in a
number of important problems, the level of aeismic investigations in the
USSR is below that of certain foreign cour~.:,ries, for example, Jap::ua, in
the developmEnt of methods of observing earthqualtes in the field ~f low-
frequency oscillations, and the US and England in methods of studying
the structure of the };arch's crust in the seas and oceans,
39? Thez~,lal Circulation of Liquids Studied by Method of Photopolariza-
tion
"Photopolarization Method of Observing the Thermal Circulation
of Liquids," by A. A. Dmitriyev, Tr. Mor. gidrofiz. in-ta I1N
SSSR, No 3, 1953, PP 30-3+ (from Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Fizika,
Geofizika, No 3, Mar 57, Abstract No 23EO by P. S. Lineykin
The experimental work of i;he author on the observation of weals
thermal. cw?rents and vertical waves in liquids is described. The large
role of boundary effects which causes turbulence of the liquid under the
crest in the case of rapid wave motions is established. In slow thermal
circulations, the effect of secondary partitions is revealed by the ap-
pearance alongside them of descending movements.
Photographs of the motions of liquids in different models axe pre-~
sented. The possibility of successfully applying this method of photo-
polarization~~for studying the motion of liquids in plane-parallel models
is shown.
40. Spectral Indices of Light Scattering in Water Drops
"Spectral Indices of Large Drops of Water and the Spectral Po-
larization of Rainbows," by K. S. Shifrin and Yu. I. Rubinovich,
i,'lain Geophysical Observatory imen~r A. I. Voyeykoy, Izvesti a
Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya Gcofizicheskaya, No 12, Dec 5 , pp
l~i~a1-150
Using formulas c_ geometric optics, the axticlo presents a calcula-
tion of the spectral indices of the scattering of light ir. large drops
of water in that range of the spectrum where the absorption by the water
can be disregarded (near th.e ultraviolet, the trisible, and near the in-
=rared). Also calculated is the polarization ci' the colored arch of the
rainbow.
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1E1. Open!,ng of Yugoslav Geomagnetic Observatory
"To~.~ay the Geomagnetic Observatory Near Belgrade Will Be Openeb."
(unsigned article) Zagreb, Boxba, 29 Nov 57, p 17
On 29 Novemoer 1957, the first Yugoslav (=eomagnetic Observatory
will be opened near Belgrade. Tt was built b;{ the Federal Geodetic
Administration is located in Brestovik near Gxocka. It is equipped with
all the equipment and apparatus necessary for geomagnetic measurements.
42. Hungarian Geophysics Institute Makes Radioactiv9ty Counters
"~v~~w Hungarian Instruments" (unsigned article) Budapest,
Nepakarat, 28 Sep 57, p 1
The workshop of the Lorand Eotvos Institute of Geophysics, Budapest,
has produced a variety of instruments for measuring radiation. Some of
these instruments are portable and battery-operated. They can be used
to profile shallow drillings.
The institute has also built a profiling device for deep hales. It
consists of a 2-meter--long probe equipped with four Geiger-Muller coun-
ters and is capab],a of giving readings to a depth of 2,000 meters.
43. Study on Temperature Variations in Surface LF~yer of the Sea
"Temperature Oscillations in the Surface Layer of the Sea
Caused by Disturbance," by ?G. ~Ye. Kononkova and. N. V.
Kontoboytseva, Moscow State University imeni M. V. Lomonosov,
Izvestiya Akaciemii Nauk SSSR Seri ;~ Geofizichesizr~~~a, No ].?,
Dec. , pp 1 -1 3
The results of the simultaneous re/;istration of temperature and
pressure variations in one point in the surface layer of the sea are
presented. The presence of temperature variations with periods coA.ncid-
ing with the periods of the waves and with phases either c-oinciding with
the phases of the .waves o., 1:,eing displace. relative to them by 180 degrees
are established. I'r, is shown that these temperature variations are caused
by the arrival of disturbances of water layers with different levels at
the point of observation.
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Geolo
1E4. New Titanium-Zirconium Ore Deposi::s Surveyed, in USSR
"Throughout the Country" (unsigned article), Moscow, Zzyestiya~
CPYRGHI~'8 Dec 57
"In the basin of one o~Y the tributaries of the Dnepr River -- the
Samc~tkan' River -- a survey of a large dEposit of titanium-zirconium ore
has beer completed. According to the extent of its xeservF:s, the new
deposit surpasses all the known deposits of titanium 3.n ow.~ country."
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V. ELECTRONICS
Communications
1~5? New Metrxod of Phase Telegraph
"New Methods of Pha:?e Telegraphy," by N. T. Petrovich, Nl~scow,
Radiotekhnilca, No lU, Oct 57, pp 1E7-54
The article discusses new possibilities of phase telegraphy recep-
tion utilizing the principle of relative comparison of signals on the
basis of various intervals of time.
The author proves that the utilization of this principle will im-
prove freedom from interference, as well as the transmission capacity of
the telegraph radio lines, The transmission of telegraph messages is
accomplished by utilization of two carrier frequencies, which periodi-
cally replace one another. Such a reg}.~7.ar alternation of the frequen-
cies peiZnits determining the time 1imd.ts of the transmitted signal,
thus assisting in improving freedom from interference. This method
also permits a simultaneous transmission of two messages without widen-
ing the frequency band of the channel.
46. New Soviet Radio Receiver "Festival "'
"Festival!," Moscow, Novyye Tovary. No 7, 1957, p 5
The Riga Radio Plant imeni A. S. Popov designed a new high-class
radio receiver "Festival'." The electric and acoustic parameters are
considerably higher than those of similar foreign models.
The radio receiver has 12 miniature tubes and is designed for re-
ception on long, medium, and short waves, also on UHF-ti'M. The output
,power cif the receiver is 4 va with less than 3~ of nonlinear destortion.
The four loudspeakers develop a sound pressure of 20 bars. The set is
provided with a remote control (up to 6 m). Its over-all dimensions are
660 x 425 x 310 man and it weighs 24.5 lsg.
The Council of Experts of the All-Union Trade Office awarded a
first-degree diploma for the desigr, of this model.
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47. New Soviet Radio Receiver...;
"New Apparatuses," by F. Tormazov, Moscow, Radio, NO 12, DEC 57r
PP 31~-35
The radio-phonograph "Volga" is a seven-tube, second-class super-
heterodyne radio receiver intended for reception of long waves (722-
2,000 m), medium waves (187-577 m), short waves (36.6-75.g m and 2ZN.8-
35.3 m), and VHE'-FM (4.11-4.65 m). Sensitivity oi' the receiver is 200
microvolts~m for AM reception and ?.0 microvolts~m for FM reception. The
over-all dimension o~'the set is 580 X 415 x 360 mm and it has two 2GD-3
and two 1GIl~-9 loudspeakers. The power consumption is about 55 w. The
price of the set is 1,400 rubles.
The ?production of radio-phonograph "Vesna" was begun at the "Ukrmuz-
radioprora" Plant. The set is very similar to radio "Volga" and is priced
at 1,400 rubles. The over-all dimensions are 600 x 425 x 375 ~?
TP.e radio receiver "Voronezh-58" is a four-tube, fourth-class super-
heterodyne receiver and is designed to receive programs on two ba.~ds of
723 to 2,000 m and 187.5 mod. 577 m. `.['he sensitivity of the set is 400
microvolts~m and selectivity is 16 db. Tubes 611P, 6P14P, DG-Ts6 and
6Ts4P are used. Power consumption is about 30 w a;,~d output is 0.5 w.
The over-all dimensions of the set are 270 x 210 x 160 min; it weighs 4.2
kg and is priced at 240 rubles.
48. New Television Receiver "Zarya"
"Television Receiver 'Zarya, "' by F. Tormazov, Moscow, No e
Tovary, No 7, 1957, p 16
The first lot of the Leningrad TV receiver "Zarya" will be available
at the beginning of 1958. This set will be equipped with rectangular
(21 x ?8 cm) 25LK2B picture tube, 12 miniature tubes and semiconductor
diodes. :i.:e over-all dimension of the set is 35 x 29 x ;7 cm and it
ti?..'~G 15 kg. The set is designed for the reception of five TV channels
~~~.,,j to 99.75 Mc). The set has one 0.5GD-l0 loudspeaker, wh~~ch devel-
~,..: a sound pressure of 2 bars and has an audio response from 200 to
5,003 cps. The set is designed for operation from 220 v ac parer supply
and consumes about 110 w. Tts sensitivity is 400 microvolts and the hor-
izontal resolution is from 350 to 400.
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49. TV Receiver "Belarus"'
"TV Receiver 'Belarus'-3, "' Moscow, Novyye Tovar,~r, No 7, 1977,
p9
This ?table model TV-radio-phc~nograpla comuination with a rectangular
35 cm (diagonally) picture tube is designed for reception of AM radio
broadcasts on frequencies of 150 to 415 ltc, 520 to 1,600 ltc, and 6 to
12.1 Mc and FM programs on 64.5 to 73 Mc. The TV circuit is designed
for reception of programs on aLl five channels (1E9.75 to 99.75 Mc)?
The TG circuit is assembled on a two-channel superheterodyne grin-
ciple. The HF amplifier, mixer, grad local oscillator are common to both
video and auc.io circuits< The power supply can be drawn from 110, 127,
or 220 v ac source and the power consumption is about 200 w. Horizontal.
definition of the picture is 450 lines and the vertical is 500 lines.
The "Belarus'-3" is built with standardized parts and components
and with miniature tubes and semiconductor elements. The over-all. dimen-
sions of the set are 480 x 500 x 580 mm; it weighs 38.5 kg and is priced
at 2,300 rubles.
50. Plans For Radio-Relay Line Development in USSR
"To Speed Up the Tempo of Radio Relay Development," Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, No 9, Sep 57, pp 1-2
The article discusses the plans for future deti-elopment of radio
CPYRGHT relay equipment and lines in the USSR.
"For the purpose of exchange of TV programs with foreign nations it
is planned to bring high-quality TV channels i:o the national boundaries
of the USSR.
"At present 2,500 km of radio-relay lines are in operation which
utilize 12- and 24-channel telephone communication equipment. Ira addi-
tion, Ryazan' and Stalinogorsk will receive Mascow TV programs. Before
the end of this year [1957] the construction of TV transmission lines
from Moscow to Yaroslavl', Ivanovo, Kostroma, Malyy Yaroslavets, and
Kaluga will ae completed.
"During the curzant year [1957] the construction of a series of
radio-relay lines was begun, one of which will connect Leningrad with
the capitals oc' the Near Baltic republics and the Belorussian SSR. The
route of anothex line, beginning at Moscow, will pass to the south of
the European part of the country; in the future it is planned to extend
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CPYRGHT
it to ,the Caucasue and to build branches to the Volga region and Ultraine.
The construction is now carried on on the Mosoow-Smolensk, Stalino-
Voroshilovgrad, Ufa-Salavat, Chelyabinsk-Kustanay, and Rilsa-Kuldiga lines.
The Tashltcn?L?, I'runze, Alma-Ata and Stalinabad trunk lines for telephone
communications, and in the future for the exchange of TV programs, are
now in the construction stage.
"Unfortunately, the indt~ptry is assimi~.ating the production of stand-
ard equipment very slowly, thus seriously hampering the construction of
the radio-,relay lines on a wide scale.
"Only in 1957 the production of one of the standard high-frequency
radio-relay apparatus P-60120 was begun, which is intended for the trans-
mission of TV programs to a distance of 1,000 ltm or transmission of 60-
120 telephone channels by one high-frequency trunlt line.
"During the current year [1957) production of a more powertlx7.~?adio~-
relay apparatus P-240 ("Verna"), which w'l.l]. i~ermit the transmission of
high-duality TV programs to a distance of 5,000 k~ and greater or th~~:
establishment 'of 240-600 telephone channels in a single high-frequency
trunk line, will begin."
51. New Rad.?Lo Relay Equ~L went
"Radio Relay Equipment P-60120," by S. V. Borodich, Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, No 9, Sept 57, Pp 3-7
New radio relay equipment P-60120 was designed by the personnel of
the Scientific Research Institute and of an exper3ar~entai plant of the
Ministry of Conanunications USSR under the supervision of I. V. Kazistov,
V. i'. Minashin, A. V. Sokolov, M. V. Brodskiy, V. D. IS~.iznetsov, V. M.
Shifrina, and Ya. M. Madorskiy.
The P-h0~120 equipment ~?s intended primarily for transmission of
one simplex TV channel and taro duplex telephone trunks. The latter can
be multiplexed to 120 ,telephone channels with the aid of two K-60 appara-
tuses. The frequency band for the telephone trunks is from 12 to 552 kc.
The TV audio channel is spaced in the frequency range from 275 to 290 kc
of the telephone trunk.
The characteristic feature of the device is the utilization of the
master oscillator of the transmitter as a local oscillator of the re-
ce~.ver. The basic parameters of the receiving-transmitting equipment
are as follows: frequency range from 1,600 to 2,000 Mc (10 fixed fre-
quencies for two telephone and one TV trunk are spaced here), output 3 w,
noise factor 30. band width 20 tdc, frequency deviateion in telephone cir-
cuit 100-200 kc per channel, for TV signal ~4 Mc.
4U
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The teat of the e,~cperimental model of the P-60120 equipment was
made successfully and proven it to be hi~,h-quality radio relay equip-
ment. At one of the pltants preparatory warp for the series manufacture
of the P-60120 equipment is in progress.
Components
52. Bast German Miniature CPpacitors
"The Duroplast Capacitor," by R. Bretschneider, Berlin, Nachrich-
tentechnik, No 10, Oct 57, pp ~E60-165
The article discusses and illustrates the miniature duroplast capac-
itors developed at the development station of the Gera Capacitor Plant
(VEB Kondensatorenwerk uera) and now being manufactured by the Goerlitz
Capacitor Plant. Graphical information deals with the electrical proper-
ties and tropicalization of these new capacitors) and the advantages
over the older type paper capacitors.
53? Cylindrical Slot Antennas
"Long-Wave and Medium-Wave Cylindrical Slot Antennas," by G. Z.
Ayzenberg, A. M. Model' end L. P. Pozdnyakov, Moscow, Radiote-
khnika, No 10, Oct 57, pp 5-16
The ar~icle describes 1~w-support cylindrical slot antennas suit-
able for the transmission of long and medium waves (200-600 m). A 55 m
diameter cylindrical slot antenna with l15 m diameter horizontal portion,
suspended at about 20 m above the ground, will serve satisfactorily for
transmission on a wave band from 200 to 600 m. The radiation power of
such a cylindrical antenna is greater than that of a conventional antenna
200 m high. Tf 1,000 kw is fed to such a cylindrical antenna operating
on 550 m wave, the voltage set up in the antenna would be about 100 kv.
Such a voltage can be readily handled by regular susp~:nsion rod insula-
tors.
The directivity pattern in the vertical plane, the radiation imped-
ance, and th~~ efficiency of such an antenna were calculated theoretically.
Such calculat~~.ons were checked with a sma]1 experimental cylindrical an-
tenna built by one of the Ministry of Communications agencies. The radius
of the cylindrical portion of this antenna was 24 m, and of the horizontal.
portion, 67.5 m; the length of the tuning stub was 30 m. The antenna
consisted of a wire net suspended from one central and six peripheral 25
m wooden poles. The vertical portion of the cylinder consisted of 30 con-
ductor;. The distributing feeder line consisted of ?.6 wires supported by
sixteen 3.5 m wooden posts. The grounding system consisted of 120 radi-
ally placed wares 150 m each and buried 25 cm underground.
The cylindrical antenna radiation efficiency may be as high as 90~.
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Computers and Automation
51E. Circuit Analysis of Digital Computers
"Bloclt-Circuit Analysis of Series Electronic Digital Computers,"
by G. Ao Milthaylov, Moscow, Avtomatika i Telemelthan:llta, No 12,
Dec 57, pp 1109-1119
The article discusses the relationship between tYAe structural fea-
tures of the computer and the type of?problem it has to handle. The
working process of a series computer with a memory comb?onent ~.n the de-
lay line is characterized by the time utilization factor, which is gen-
erally of an order of 35~.
The mechanical efficiency of a series computer is characterized by
the utilization factor of the s~cructura7. components of the .::~mputer. By
referring to this factor it is possible to ~}ud.ge the advantages of a
specific block-circuit and the feasibility of changes in it to improve
its performance.
Materials
55? Procedures for the Purification of Ge71
"Isolation of Radiochemically Pure Germanium Preparations," by
A. N. Baraboshkin, Ural Polytechnic Institute imeni S. M. Kirov,
Zhurnal. Neorganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 2, No 1.1., 'Aov 5?, pp 2680-
2T81 ~`
The experiments describes: indicated that both participation as ger-
manium disulfide and distillation in the form of germanium tetrachloride
from a hydrochloric acid solution are effective methods for the purifica-
tion of the radioactive isotope Ge71.
[SIR Note: Availability of a radioactive germanium isotope of a
high degree of purity for use as a tracer is of importance in connection
with the development of processes and control procedures to be applied
in the produbtion of germanium suitable for use as a semiconductor.]
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56. Th- a Structure of Seignet~toelectrics of the P'erovskite Type
"Structw.?al Constants of the Internal T'ield in Seigtlettoelec-
trics With a Structure of the Perovskite 7:;rpe," by G. S.
Zhdanov, S. P. So1ov'yev, and Yu. N. Venevtsev, Physicochemi-
cal T~ist~:tute imeni L. Ya. Karpov, Kristallografiyrx, Vol 2,
No 5, Oct-Nov 57, pF 639-6~i~5
Data published in the literature on the values of structural. con-
stants of internal fields in crystals with a structure of the perovskite
type are reviewed critically. A correlation is established between
structural constants ~.n the cases when the dipoles axe oriented along
the [OOlJ; [01l], and [111.] directions in the cubical ceL'. of the perov-
skite type. The structural constants have been calculated for the
tetragonal ce~,l of lead titanate at room temperature under consideration
of tk~e displacement of ions.
57. Stv~d~y of Naar-CtzBr Phosphors
"Nsrro~:~ Luminescence Bands of the Naar-CuBr Phosphors," by N. I.
Tvanova and P. Shvist, Scientific Research Physics Institute of
Leningrad State Universit~j, Leningrad O~tika i Spektroskopiya,
vol. 3, No 1E, Oct 57, pp 399-400
Naar-CuBr phosphors were prepared by heating the base mixtures and
the activator. The luminescence of such phosphors, besides knoti;i bands
of a monocrystal, exhibits an intensive narrow violet band with a maxi-
mum at 421 mu. The luuminescence centers emitting narrow ban~.s of NuBr-
CuBr or of CuBr probably do not belong to the lattice structure ~f IdaBr-
CtzBr or CtzBr crystals. Stroh facts as the close location of Naar-CuBr
and CtxBr bands, the weak effect of the copper salt anion on the lumi-
nescence spectrtun, and the low temperature of heating necessary for the
appearance of Naar-CuBr lumines~:ence rather prove that the luminescence
centers are located on the crystal surface of Naar or the pure copper
salt ana that they interfere little with the crystal.
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58. Study of Doron Phosphors
"Influence o:~ T~ecay on Phosphorescence Spec~~ru of Boric Acid
Luminophores," M. D. Khalupovskiy, Laboratory of Luminescence,
Odessa State Pedagogical Institute, Leningrad, tilta i
S~elttroskop~a, Vol. 3, No 4, Oct 57, pP 385-387
l;xperimental tests of phosphorescence spectra were made with un ac-
curacy up to lyb on equipment " consisting q#' u single disk phosphoroscope,
glass monochromator M5-Sh, and a photoelectron multiplier F".~U-17. Results
showed that the spectrum shape of bo~ic~acid-salicylic. acid and ~ar~ic
acid-fluorescein phosphor remains unchanged during the decoy of
phosphorescence. The decay law is strictly exponential in the wave range
of 395-~+9~ m? and is characterized by the same decay constant. S~L-arting
with ~~9~ m~, a slight deviation froia exponential law is noted.
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59. Shell Design of a Caisson- ~ e Swept Wing
"Design of Shells of a Caisson-Type Swept Wing on the Basis of
the Theory of V. Z. Vlasov," by I. F. Obraztsov, Tr. Mosk.
aviats. in-ta, 195, No 59, Z~7 PP, ill (from Re~era~iv_nyy
Zr.urnal -- Mekhaniku, No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No 9319, by L. I.
Bala ul
This work presents a systematic description of an alternate method
of V. Z. Vlasov which is suitable for stress analysis of swept wings.
A detailed calculation is presented for swept wings with rigid end
seals taking into account wing center panel performance.
The results of the calculations are illustrated by graphs. Results
are given for the bending ci' swept wing cells. The authoz?'s approxima-
tion formulas are used for numerical calculations of stresses in these
cells.
The results of these calculations are in complete agreement frith
experimental data.
60~ Turbine Disk Cooling
"Investigation of the Cooling of Turbine Disks by I3lowin~; Air
Through NSount Clearances of Fir Tree Blade Roots," by I. T.
Shvets, E. P. Dyban, N. M. Kondalt, Sb. tr. In-ta teploenerg.
AN USSR, 1956, ido 13, pp 20-30 (from Referativnyy Z1?iurnal --
Mekhanika, No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No 9103, by L. I.~Kiselev
An examination is made of the thermal condition of a bladed turbine
disk while cooling air is being blown through clearances in the fir tree
locks.
An approximate determination of the temperature field is mode as a
result of 'the solution of an equation for heat conductivity and by the
use of known relationships for coefficients of heat exchange in elements
of the working wheel.
Expressions are given for the temperature of the rim at the root
section and the consu~tption of air during radial cooling of the disc. A
comparisgn of both cooling methods shows that the one using cooling air
through loch clearances'is more efficient.
The abstracter refe~~s to a similar comparison made in Izv. AN SSSR.
Otd. tekhn. n., 1956, No 6, pp 77-88.
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61. Graphicfa]. Calculation of Thiclt-Walled Vessel Strength
"Graphical Method of Calculation of the Strength of Certain
Thick-w'-;11ed Vessels," by T. 11. Ivanovatt V. M. Kladnitsltiy, Tr.
Dal'n;:post. politelthn. in-?ta, 1g55, No 4~~, pp 21-31 (from Re-
ferativny~r Z.~?~.rnal -- Melthanilta, No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No g2gl,
~y V. It. Prckopov
This work presents a graphical method of calculation of ?the s~trenr~th
of thick-wa]1ed vessels in which substitution of the variable designat~ad
by R. Gra~mnel' (cf. Bitseno, K. B., Gratmnel' R., Teltnicheskaya Dinamika,
Gostekhizdat, 1952, Vol 2, p 23) is used. On ?the'basis of the calcula-
tion, approximation formulas obtained by the authors in the preceding
work (Tr. Dal'nevost. politekhn. in-ta, lg4g, No 37) are used.
62. Planar Multi-Linlted Hinged Mechanisms
"The Problem of the Investigation of a Certain Class of Simplest
Planar Mechanisms," by A. A. Dmitrevskiy, Tr. Leningr. voen.-
melthan. in-ta, lgj5, No 3, pp 63-68 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal
-- Mel an ka, No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No 8671, by V. A.. Zinov~yev~
It is shown that a planar five-linked }pinged mechanism is a general
form of the class of planar four-linked systems. The calculating formulas
necessary for linematic analysis and introduced for the five-'.puked mech-
anism prove to be suitable for kinematic analysis of mechanisms derived
from it. Proof is given of the feasibility of utilization ~f these for-
mulas in kinematic design of multilinked planar mechanisms.
63. Warsaw Polytechnic Professor in Hungary on Study moor
"Czechoslovak, Polish, Rumanian Scientists and Ministerial
Loaders Arrived in Hungary" (unsigned article), Budapest,
Nepszabadsag, 12 Nov 57r p 5
Tadeusz Kotter, a professor in the Electric Machine and Transformer
Department at the Warsaw Polytechnic, arrived in Hungary fora 2-weelt
study tour.
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64. Czechosloyalt Specialists on Study Tour in Hungary
"Czechoslov~alt, Polish, Rumanian Scientists and Minimaerial
Leaders Arrived in Hungary" (unsigned article), Budapest,
Nepszabadsog, 12 ~Tov 57, P 5
Jiro Simanek;- engineer and lectaxer in the Depart.:~ent of Colte and
Gas Production at the Czech Advanced Technical School in Prague; Jiri
Klima, lecturer in the Department of energetics at the Technical School;
and Ludvilt Ve?h, engineer and lecturer in the Reinforced Concrete Depart-
ment at the Czech Advanced Technical School, came to Hungary fora 2-weelt
study tour.
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VII. ' ~MATICS
65. Interpolation Polynomials
"Interpola~ion Polynomials For Functions of Several Variables,"
by A. P. Filin, Leningrad, Prikladnaya Matematika i Mekhanika,
Vol 21, No 5, Sep-Oct 57, pp 7 -
Two forms of expressing interpolation polynomia_l.s for functions of
several variables are sugges~ed. The coefficients found are tabulated
and facilitate permanent computations. It is assumed that for each var-
iable the interpolated section is divided into equal parts. To deter-
mine the above-mentioned coefficients, use is made of previously compu?L?ed
coefficients for ?t;he interpolation polynomial for a function of one vari-
able.
66. System of Differential Equations iiith Discontinuous Right Members
"Stability in Linear Approximation of a Periodic Solution of a
System of Differential Equations With Discontinuous Right Mem-
bers," by M. A. Ayzerman and F. R. Gantmakk:er, Moscow, Physico -?
technical Institute, Prikladnaya Matematika i Niekhanilta, Vol
21, No 5, Sep-Oct 57, pp 5 - ~9
The stability of a periodic solution zi = zio(t), z~o(t t r.) ^
zi?(t), of a system of equations of the type dpi fi(zl~ ~,,.,zn,t)
is analyzed in the case when the right members fi have discontintttties
at some points of the integral curve zi?= zi?(t). Tt is demonstrated
that if a zero solution of a linear approximation is asymptotically
stable, then the periodic solution zi =zi(t) of the initial nonlinear
.ystem of equations is also asymptotically stable.
67. Yugoslav Symposium on the Theory of Differential Eck ations
"Symposium on the Theory of D~.fferential Equations," by E. S.,
Belgrade, Borba, l~E Dec 57, p 5
The article said that the Association of the Societies of Mathem~~-
ticians and Physicists of Yugoslavia would conduct a symposium on the
theory of differential equations at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics in Belgrade on 16-21 December 1957? Discussion was to empha-
size some significant problems and results of the theory of differential
equations, which are especially important for mathematics and its appli-
cation in technology and the natural sciences. Reports were to be
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presented by Academician N. Saltikov and university professors T. ;Pejovic,
D~ Markovic, B. Rasa ski, K. Orlov, Dj. Karapandzic~~ and B. Jaksic.
ematicians wi11 also be present Eros Zagreb, Ljubljana Sarajevo, Skoplje,
and the larger educational centers.
Mathematicians from foreign countries who have been invited to par-
ticipate include A. Denjoy, member of the French Academy of Sciences;
I. G. Petrovskiy, rector of the University of Moscow and member of the
Academy of Sciences USSR; F. Tricomi, director of the Institute for Math
erratical Analysis of the University of Turin and member of the Ttali.an
Academy of Sciences; S. L. Sobolev, professor of the University of
Moscow, director of the Mathematics Institute imeni V. A. Steklov and
member of the Academy of Sciences USSR; J. Leray, professor of the Col-
lege de France and member of the French Academy of Sciences; and L. K~latz
professor of the University of Hamburg and director of the Institute of
Applied Mathematics.
This is the fifth such symposium conducted in Europe since the
World kTar II. The scientific papers presented at the symposium will be
published i;Z a spe^.iai publication by the Association of Mathematicians
and Physicists of Yugoslavia.
68. Yugoslav Academician Dies
"Dr Petar Jovanovic, Professor of the Faculty of Natural Sci-
ences and Mathen~tics, Has Died'' (unsigned articl ~, Zagreb,
Borba, l6 Nov 57, p ~+
Dr Petar A. Jovanovic, professor on the Faculty of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics in Belgrade and secretary of the Serbian Academy of Sci-
ences in Belgrade, died on 15 November 1957 in Belgrade. He was one of
the students of Dr Jovan Cvijic, whose work he continued. He wrote many
s~'.entific works, which included works on the topography of the Belgrade
area, or. the Karst, and the morphology and hydrography of the Skoplje
area. I?is main work was the woxk entitled Uzdusni rijecni profili (Longi-
tudina]. River Profiles), which was also published in French.
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PYRGHT
VIII. MEDICINE
Bacteriology
6q. Para-Ar~;lutinable Properties Developed Experimentally in B. cola
"The Exper!mental Production of Para-Agglutinable Properties in
Strains of i3. coli in vitro," by It. A. Maksimovich, Sbornik Nauch-
n kh Rabot L'vovsko o Nauchno-Issledovatel'sko o Instituta E~idem-
iologii, Mlkr~?biolo~ii, i Gigiyeny Collection of Scientific Works
of the Lvov Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology, Micro-
b iology, and Hygiene), Lvov University, 1g56, pp ~+1-~+5 (from Re-
ferativn~. Zhurnal -- Biolo i a, No 17, l0 Sep 57, Abstract No 73079,
by M. Ya. Boyarskaya
"Experiments on producing para-strains of B. coli by chang~.ng the pH
?f the medium cn which it had been inoculated according to Lutz's method
ere perforn,ad. Two hundred and twelve typical strains of B. cola which
are not agglutinated by nine agglutinating sera (Flexner, Sonne, typhoid,
paratyphoid A, paratyphoid B, etc.) were selected. The strains were adapte
to a13:alirle bouillon (pH 7.~+-8.4) by six serial passages. As a result of
assage the strains acquired the capacity for para-agglutination with in-
creasing titer. The capacity appeared at the maximum after culturing the
trains on a very alkaline bouillon. Seeding on an acid medium suppressed
ara-agglutinable properties. The formation of para-agglutinable propertie
in strains of B. coli occurs as a result of the mod if iability of these bac~
eria due to the effect of changes in the conditioY;.:; of their existence.
eref'ore, the author considers that para-agglutinating strains have no
iagnostic significance,"
70. Sensitivity of Pasteurella to Sunlight
"Resistance of Bacteria of the Pasteurella Group," by G. G. Martiro-
syan, Trud 4rmyan.,kogo Nauchno-Issleiovatel'sko o Veterinarno 0
Instituta Cdorks o: the Armeniam Scientif is Research Veterinary
Institute), No 8, 1855, pp 59-63 (from Referativniy Zhurnal --
Biologiya, No 17, l0 Sep 57, Abstract No 73~~35, by Yu, F. Bychkov)
"Five strains of Pasteurella -- the pathogens oz pasteurellosis of
animals -- were cultared in test tubes with meat peptone agar and meat
peptone b~?oth for 24~ hours at 37? L'. Fifty percent of the test tubes,
some sealed with paraffin and others not, were kept in a refrigerator at
3-8?, and the other 509b at room temperature (15-20?) under the effect of
direct sun's rays for 2-3 hours a day. Every 10 days dur.ng the 2 months
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of the experiment, ;Hate:: ~,al from the test tubes way seeded on Meat peptone
agar and meat peptone broth, and mien were infected with a culture of each
strain once every 20 days. The cultures kept in the refrigerator died afte~
20-30 days, and those kepi at room temperature remained viable no less than
2 months. In the author's opinion, Pasteurella is less sensitive to the
action of sunlight than has been heretofore considered."
[For ~dditiona], information on bacteriology, See Item No 3.]
Virology
CPYRGHT
71. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Tomsk
"Virological Investigation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the
Tomsk Focus," by M. K. Tyushnyakova, Trud, Tomsko o Nauchno-
Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Vaktsin i Syvorotok, Works of
the Tomsk Sci~ntif is Research Tr~stitute of Vaccines and Sera),
No 7, 1956, PP 53-61 (From Referativni Zhurnal -- Bio1o i a,
No i7, 10 Sep 57, Abstract No 72 , by G. B. Zasukhina
"Eighty-three strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus were isolated
during the 1948-1954 period. Of these, 44 strains were isolated from
Ixodes persulnatus ticks by intracerebral infection ~~f white mice. The
incubation period in mice was 3-11 days. The percentage of virus-carrying
in ticks fluctuated from 1.6 to 3.296. Five virus strains were isolated
from the brains ~f wild animals (Microtus, Sicistinae, and Shrews; 108
animals were observed). The incubation period ?.asted 6-14 days. Thirty-
four strains were isolated from patier.~ts' blood and fluids (172 persons
were examined). The incubation period was ~-18 days. The most virulent
strains were isolated from ticks,. The indexes of immunogenic and antigenic
characteristics of four strains of virus isolated from ticks, wild mammals,
and humans in the gross neutralization reaction with guinea pig hyperimmune
serum ?.~ere compared. All four strains were found to be antigenically iden-
tical, but strains isolated from ticks wore most efficacious immunogenically.
The antigenic structure of the strains isolated was compared by the neutrali-
zation reaction with the antigenic structure of tick-borne encephalitis
strains from other oblasts of the USSR. All sera of strains isolated had
high neutralizing activity."
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72. Omsk $emorrhagic Fsver Carried by Dermacentor marginatus Ticl~s
"Spont~sneous Carrying of the Omsk IIemorrhagic fever Virus by
De:;~nacentor marginatus Ticks," by A. V. Gagarina, Trudy Tomsko~o
:Vauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Va_ktsin i Syvorotok (Works of the
Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera), No 7, 1956,
pp ?~9-296 (from Referativni Zhurnal -- Biolo i a~ No 17,
10 Sep 5'7, Abstract ~~0 72 37, by G. D. Zasukhina
"Sixteen hundred and sixty-two specimens of D. margi.natus and 1,016
of D. pictus -?? specific vectors of the disease -- were inTrestigated. The
irus was i:~o].ated on white mice. A great number of strains were isolated
rom D. pictus in foc ~; of northern forest-steppe territory, and from D.
rginatus, in southern forest-steppe territory and in the steppe zone.
trains isc~.lated from D. margina.tus were identified in cross neutralization
xperiment~ wi~~.h hyperimmune serum wi+.h respect to strains isolated from
. pictus (from northern and southern foci), from the blood of persons in
he southern foci, from D. marginatixs in the same foci, and with respect to
boratory strains and convalescent sera. All hyperimmune sera and conva-
escent sera appeared to be serologically related to the strains studied
(high n.:ztralizat ion indexes) . D. marginatus, which predominates in the
outhern forest-steppe territory, is the primary vector of the disease in:
his area."
73. Chinese Study Russian Spring-Summer Encephalitis Virus
"The Isolation and Determination of Spring-Summer Encephalitis
Virus and Preliminary Investigation of Its "iological Charac-
teristics," by Wang T-min (~~_ i-~.- ~1 ), L
possibility of immunizing susceptible animals from ittanune homes (horses
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~~~hich have recovered from or been in contact with the diaeaoe) through the
bites of virus-bearing insects and consider that evidently the periodicity
of outbreaks of infectious encephalomyelitis among horses can depend 'to a
definite extent on the number of immune animals in areas threatern:d with
the disease."
Hemutolo~
CPYRGHT
75. Morphology and Clinical Management of Hypoplastic Blood Conditions
Corresponding Member, Academy of Medical Sciences USSR., Problemy
Gematolo ii i Perelivaniya Krovi, Vol 2, No 5, Sep~Oct 57,
pp 11-2
"Pressing Fr^b lems of the Morphology and Clinical Management of
Hypoplastic Fiemopoietic Conditions," by Prof I. A. Kassirskiy,
Tteviewed
"On the basis of personal experience and datF,. from literature, the
author points out the difficulty of diagnosing hypoplastic states, espe-
cially in atypical cases, and in stages where the sternal puncture reveals
a pronounced cellular reaction.
"The importance of evaluation of total and partial myelograms and the
estimation of curves of erythroblast and neutrophil maturation is emphasized.
Iri hypoplastic states the picture of "pure red cell" and "pure white cell"
bone marrow might be present; in dynamics they gradually transit into hypo-
and aplastic bone marrow pictures. Various ,forms of hypoplastic states are
differentiated in accordance with the etiology and dynamics of the disease.
The possibility of development of acute 1Pukemia against a background of
hypoplastic stag, as well as the presence of hypoplastic forms of acute
leukemia, is indicated.
"In the treatment of hypoplastic states significance is denoted to
corticosteroid hormones Best results were obtained with meticorten."
-- English abstract
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76. Histocheiui.ca]. utudies Consisting of Fat, Glycogen, and 1Vucleic Acid
Content oi' B:l.ood Clements Discussed
"Histochemical :;tud9.es of the Clements of Hcmatol~oie~in,
(1) . rat, Glyc ogen, and Nuc 1e is Acids Con{;a in~d in the I3lc~a~i
Celle and in the Bo,ze Marrows of IIealthy People and of i'col~le
Suffering Leukosis," by L. I. Terent'yeva, A. '!. Zosimovskaya,
and L. I. Kazanova; Centra]. Order of Lenin Institute of Hemato-
logy and Blood Transfusion (director, Prof A. A. Bagdasarov,
Active Member, Academy of Medical Sciences tTSSR), Ministry of
Health USSR Problem Gematolo ii i Perelivani a I{rovi, Vol 2,
CPYR 'b. Sep Oct 57, pp 2 ~-31
"Studies on the content of fat, glycogen, and nucleic acids iti the cells
CPYRGHT
leukemia were made. Certain deviations in the content of the investigated
of blood and the bone marrow of healthy people and of patients afflicted with
persons. These changes may indicate lesions of normal fat, glycogenic, and
substan_es were noted in patients with leukemia as compared with healthy
nucleic metabolism in patients with leukemia. Sn most patients a relation-
and nucleic acids decrease in the blood cells. On the other hand, when the
condition of the patient grows worse, fat content increases, and glycogen
cells of the Iiematopoietic tissue and the gravity of the disease. As the
ship is noted bP+~ween the content of fat, glycogen, and nucleic acids in the
w e g ycogen and nucleic acids increase." -- English abstract
77. Analysis of Causes for Fluctuation in Reticulocyte Maturation Rates
Studied
"Concerning the Maturation of Reticulocytes," by Yu. P. Popov,
Chair of Hospital Therapy (head, Prof A. G. Teregulov, Honored
Worl~er of Science) and the Chair of Propaedeutics of Internal
Diseases (head, Prof A. T. Brening), Kazan Medical Institute,
Problemy Gematolo ii i Perelivani Krovi~ Vol 2, No 5, Sep/Oct 57.
PA 32-3
C?n the incubation of blood at 37o c;, maturation of reticulocytes from
normal blood lasted 14-16 hours. Speediest reticulocyte u~aturation occurs
at this temperature; decreasing the temperature delays reticulocyte matura-
t ion, and under. sufficiently law temperatures maturation ceases.
Preliminary staining of the blood steps reticulocyte maturation during
incubation. X-ray irradiat ion of rabbits by 3,500-4,200 r decreases the
number of reticulocytes for 40-50 hours. Decrease of the number of reti-
culocytes occurs in the form of waves, which indicates that for a certain
length of time, after the effects of radiation, reticulocytes still continue
to enter the blood.
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Tn the peripheral blood of healthy people, reticulocytes mature, on
the avera~,e, in 12-14 hours after they leave the bone mar~:~ow. In hyper-
chromic anemias, they mature faster, and in hypochromic anemias, they
mature slower.
78. Advances Achieved in the Deve~lopme~r_t of Blood Substitutes in the
Soviet. Union During Recent 04 Years Reviewed
"The Development of the Problem of Blood Substitutes in the
Soviet Union During the Past 40 Years," by P. S. Vasil'yev,
Central Order of Lenin Institute of HE;matology and Blood
Transfusion (director, Prof A. A. Bagdasarov, Active Member,
Academy of Medical Sciences USSR), Ministry of Health USSR.
Problem Gematolo ii i Perelivani a Krovi, Vol 2, No 5,
Sep Oct 57, pp 3 - ?
The author reviews Soviet advances in the field ~f blood substitutes.
Mention is made of using sodium chloride, sea, water, antishock-narcotic
fluid (TsIPK) of N. A. F'edorov, antishock fluid (TsOLIPK) of A. A. Bagdasarov
salt in the form of ampules or pills, mixture in conjunction with 10~ blood
(according to I. R. Petz~ov) glucose solution containing 20~ blood serum
(according to N. A. Fedorov~, etc. A method has been developed by the Cen-
tral Institute for the preparation of therapeutic serum by filtration through
a Zeytts sterilizing plastic filter.
At present, use of dry plasma, saturation of blood plasma and serum with
vitamins, antibiotics, and narcotic preparations, and hererogenic and syn-
thetic preparations as blood substituted find extensive use. Experimental
and clinical results of using therapeutic serum (LSB) of N. G. Belen'kiy,
prepared from plasma of cattle, are compared with those from preparation
BK-8. The latter proves superior, since it is less anaphylactic. Protein
hydrolysate, especially from casein, preparation L-]03, and preparations
from sez?um, whole blood, and blood caagulum from animal blood are used ex-
tensively.
Synthetic blood substitues of the dextran type prepared by microbio-
logical .synthesis and of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone: polymers prepared by
chemical synthesis have proved very effective.
Blood substitutes recently developed include a synthetic organic com-
pound called carboxymethylcellulose developed by the Central Institute in
conjunction with the Moscow Petroleum Company. Carboxymethylcellulose has
also been developed by the Minsk Institute for Blood Transfusion. The
Leningrad Institute for Blood Transfusion has developed a blood substitute
made from starch.
Such accomplishments prove that the Soviet Union has developed a number
of blood substitutes that can be recoirm~~nded as effective therapeutic means
for a number of pathological conditions, and prospects for greater advance-
mecits in this field are great.
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79. Efficacy of Protein IIydrolysates in Parenteral feeding Discussed
"Efficacy of Protein Hydrolysates in Parenteral Feeding," by Z. A.
Chaplygina, Leningrad Order of Red Banner of Labor Scientific
Research Institute far Blood Transfusion (director, Docent A. D.
Bclyakov; scientific adviser, Prof A. N. Filatov, Corresponding
Meamber, Academy of Medical Sciences USSR), Problemy Gematologii
CPYRGf-l~ereliyaniya Krovi, Vol 2, No 5, Sep/Oet 57, PP E3- ~7
"The efficacy of various protein hydrolysates was studied in experiments
on dogs. Hypodermic and intravenous injections produced identical effects.
A more complete utilization of amino acids for the synthesis of proteins of
the blood has been attained when hydrolysates were introduced with alcohol
an v am n 6. -- English abstract
CPYRGHT
80. Two-Step Method for Preparing Alcohol-Glucose-Saccharose-Citrated
Erythrocyte 'lass Based on Duplex Ampules Connected in Closecr ~y5tem
"Two-Step Method for Preparing Alcohol-Glucose-Saccharose-Citrated
Erythrocyte Suspension," by R. N. Akimova and R. A. Krivoruchko,
Lvov Scientific Research Institute for Blood Transfusion (direct or,
Docent D. G. Petrov), Problemy Gematolog ii i Perelivaniya Krovi,
Vol 2, No 5, Sep/Oct 57, pp 51-55
An erythrocyte preservative consisting of 10~ alcohol plus glucose-
saccharose-citrated solution (80 g Saccharose, 6 g glucose, 3.5 g sodium
citrate, and one g albucid of sodium, and distilled water up to 1,000 g)
is described. The processed and sterilized solution was sealed in log -
125 ml ampules, and preserved at 4-6? also at room ':Pmperature (l~+-16 )
for up to 55 days. This preservative is added to erythrocyte mass in the
ratio of 1: 1.
A table represent:~ng the time for the onset of latent and evident
hemolysis in the alcohol-erythrocyte suspension indicates that the greater
the age of the preservative solution before its mixing with erythrocyte mass,
the sooner is the onset of hemolysis in the suspension.
The system consis~~s of a lower (250 ml) ampule containing the erythro-
cyt~ mass connected in a closed system by two smaller ampules containing the
preservative solution, all ,joined by a T-system of tubing.
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81. Survival in the Recipient of Erythrocytes Prepared by Ion-Exchange
43sor en s '
"Survival, in the Organism of the Recipient, of Erythrocytes of
Blood Prepared With Ion-Exchange Adsorbents," by G. M. Abdulayev
and L. I. Fedorova, Central Order of Lenin Institute of Hematology
and Blood '1'ransfus3.ari (diractor, Prof A. A. Bagdasarov, Active Mem-
ber, Academy of 1~ledical Sciences USSR), Ministry of Health USSR,
Problemy Gematol~ii i Perelivaniya Krovi, Vol 2, No 5, Sep~Oct 57
CPYRGI#~ 55-57
"The vitality of erythrocytes in cationic blood was studied by assaying
the survival of transfused erythrocytes in the recipients' body. The test
was made by the method of select'Lve agglutination with the use of anti-M
and anti-N immune sera. The survival of erythrocytes transfused directly
~ cationic blood are as vital as those in direct transfusion."I-- English
CPYRGHT
82. Thrombotropine Is Bound to /alpha-Globulin Fraction, Testa Indicate
"The Protein Nature of Thrombotropine," by G. V. Andreyenko, Moscow
State University imeni M. V. Lomonosov, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,
Vol 112, No 3, 21 Jan 57, pp 474-476
The author used elec~rophor~sis for the separation of plasma proteins
in a starch solution, .followed by the analysis of the homogenous protein
fraction of human and of rats' plasma.
Data indieat~: that the gamma-globulin fraction is completely devoid of
t hrombotropine activity, whi7.e Exactions containing alpha-globulins always
seem active. Therefore, the author concludes that thrombotrr~~,ine is bound
to the alpha-globulins.
83. Species Specificity of Prothrombokinase and Thrombokinase of Both
Blood Platelets and of Brain of Man and Certain Animals
"Species Specificity of Yrothrombokinase of Blood Platelets and of
Thrombotropine," by T. M. Kalishevskaya, Moscow State University
imeni M. V. Lomonosov, Doklad}y Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 112, No 3,
21 Jan 57, pp 477-480
Previous research has indicated that blood platelets and brain tissue
are the sources of prothrombokinase, while plasma contains its activator,
i.e., thrombotropine.
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The present report is a study of species specif icity of prothrombokinase
of blood platelets and of brain tissue. Experiments were conducted on fresh
oxalated plasma of man and of animals (rata, guinea piga, rabbits, horses,
and roosters). Blood platelets were isolated according to standard methods
of centrifugation. Three tables indicate variation of time, in seconds, for
the coagulation of oxalated plasma of man and of various species of other
animals, using various combinations of thrombogenic components, in optimum
Ca ion concentrations.
Results indicate the following:
1. The addition of pro~~hrombokinase of blood platelets and of brain
tissue significantly speeds the prcc~ss of plasma coagulation.
2. Preliminary activation of prothrombokinase of blood platelets
and of brain tissue by the addition of thrombotropine of the same species
causes an even greater speeding of plasma coagulation.
3. Experimental results, furthermore, indicate certain differences
in the properties of prothrombokinase of blood platelets and prothrombokinase
of brain tissue in the same species.
4. Both the prothrombokinase of the brain tissue (to a greater degree)
and the prothrombokinase of blood platelets (to a lesser degree) possess
definite species specificity.
5. Thrombokinase of blood platelets and also thrombokinase of brain
tissue are devoid of species specificity, and therefore it is effective in
speeding the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin in the plasma of
different species.
84. Dye From Datisca Can~~a'oina Successfully Used fir Simultaneous Counting
of Erythrocytes and Bloo~9. Platelets on Smears in Luminescent Microscope
"New Luminescent Method of Simultaneous Recognition of Erythro-
cytes and Blood Platelets," by Yu. N. Zubzhitskiy, Chair of
Microbiology, Leningrad Sanitary Hygiene Medical Institute,
Vol 18, No 5, Sep~Oct 57, pp 402-404
The author describes a new method for staining blood smears with an
aqueous solution of the alcoholic extract of Datisca cannabina (Datiska
konoplevaya). The latter is a perennial plant that grows extensively in
many southern regions of the Soviet Union. Long ago, both the roots and
the leaves of this plant were used for dyeing wool and silk with bright
orange-yellow color. Roots contain 10.5n and leaves contain 6~ of the
coloring substance (flavone: 3-, 5-, 7-, 2-tetraox~~f'lavone).
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' By using this fluorescent substance, one can simultaneously count
both the erythrocytes and the platelets of blood smears against P dark-
ened background in a luminescent microscope.
85. Hungarians Produce Gamma Globulin
"Gamma Globulin, the Drug Made From Blood," by E. Kindzierszky,
Budapest, Nepszeru Technika, Dec 57, pp 380-381
The article discusses the preparation of gamma globulin in Hungary.
The National Blood Transfusion Service and the Hkman Serum Producing and
Research Institute both prepare gamma globulin, using the Cohn process.
The drug is said to be g5-100 percent pure and equal in quality to any
similar foreign preparation.
The article includes four photographs taken at the laboratory of the
Blood Transfusion Service showing various steps in the preparation of
gamma globulin.
[For additional information on hematology, See Item No 105.]
Nutrition
[See Item No 7.]
Parasitology
86. Chinese Writes On Toxoplasmosis
"Toxoplasmosis," by Yu En-shu (~ ;~~ J~~ ), Fukien Institute
of Infectious Diseases, Chun~hua I-hsueh Tsa-chih (National
Medical Journal of China~ol ?3Ti , No 11, 1957, pp 903-90~+
This article gives a summary of toxoplasmosis -- the characterstics
of th.e pathogen, routes of infection, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
The author says that his presentation was inspired by the paucity of re-
ference data available to Chinese readers concerning the subject and that
his information is based on personal experience as well as American, British,
Soviet, and Japanese literature cited.
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CPYRGHT
In the author's experience, the daily administration of 25 milligrams
of suliadiazine per kilogram body weight proved effective in treating white
mice with toxoplasmosis. He cites reports on the eff icacy of other drugs
such as sulfone and Daraprim used in combination with svlfadiazine.
87. Chinese Observe Reactions to Aifferent De rees of Schistosoma
Infestation
"The Pathologicophysiological Reactions of Rabbits Infested
With Different Amounts of Schistosoma cercariae," by Chang
Tzu-ch' iang (. j~ ~~=~ '`~~ ) Yao,,Min-i (-~JIJ l~ , ~~' ), Lin Hui
r < ntact with earth's dense atmosphere
will burn out. Soviet scientists have done considerable research to
solve the problem of saving animals sent up in satellites. Experimental.
animals were s~..?;,; up in research rockets to heights of 100 kilometers
and higher. A:~ter falling to 80 or 90 kilometers they were catapulted
out of 'the rocket acid subsequently parachuted in ?their s~:aled compartment.
In some caGes the animals, wearing protective he~.mets, were themselves
catapulted and parachuted slowly to earth. No symptoms of illness wore
apparent in any of the animals so parachuted. Some of these animals made
second flights into outer, space. There is a. basis, therefore, for think-
ing; ?that the problem of saf'~1y abandoning an artificial satellite has
been. successfully solved.
Creation of an artificial earth satelli~, capable of retixning to
earth will provide for tiie safe landing of ani.nals . Solution of the
problem of re -entr;; '.rill, therefore, considerably enrich our 1~nowledgP
concerning the effects of interplanetary flights on the living orgrani=m.
The problem of safeguard.in~; the ] ife of a~~imals for a period of many
months in an artificial earth satellite cannot: be resol-red 3.n a short
period of timF. For that rea:~on, any information tr-at can 'oe obtained.
concerning the general. condition of ~~nimals, even durin the first fe?t
days of flight iri the artificial ,7atellite, will be a significant achi.;:-s-
ment. Such research w311 open u;~ rea_l. ros:,ibilit9.es for interplanetary
travel.
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121E. A Pavlov TnstitutF: Professor in Budapest Discusses the Space Dog
"About the 'lmerapy of Gastric Ulcers a~,nd Hypertension; and
About Lailca," by Denes Baracs, Budapest, Lsti Hirlap, lE Dec
57, p 3
An article in a Budapest daily paper discusses the visit to Budapest:
of Prof Ayrapet'yants [probably E. Sh. Ayrapet'yants] of the Institute
of Physiology imeni I. P. Pavlov, Academy of~Sciences in Leningrad. The
article ouches upon the application of the conditioned reflex. procedure
in the treatment of stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, etc. and an the
magnitude of research at the institute, which has 20 biologi~.a1 ~a;ho-^a-
tories, anerve clinic, an internal. medicine clinic, and a mental hos-
pital.
Prof Ayrapet',yants was asked specifically about data which was ob-
tained from the space dog, "Lailta.'~ He answered: "Sorry, we cannot
speak of that because the data is still being processed, But I might
say that firing the dog into space was not only a great technical achieve-
ment, it was a great achievemeu~_~ of medical science as we].1, a triumph
of cooperation between the two. The system which made possible the pre-
cise observation of the dog's lifer processes was the result of lengthy
biolog~.cal researches. Several expeditions from our institutes went to
E]..boru~>, the highest peals in the Caucasus,, in order to study the behavior
of organisms at great altitudes . These [:studies ] and later the r. oclcet
experiments, to an altitude oi' 200 kilometers, made Lailsa's trip pos-
s ible .... "
12~. Chinese Researci on Positive Pressure Breathing
"Infuluence of Positive Pressure Breathing on Some
Interoceptive Reflexes, " by Sher. Chi -ch' un (~'U '~ ~~.__) ,
Sung Hsiao-lu (,~~ ~,l . '~- ), and Li Shih ~Luan ~
(,~ ~~ ,; ), in Shanghai; Shen-l~i HsueY.~-~ao (Acta
Physiologica Sinica), Vol ?l, No 3, Sep 1957, pp 257-26~+
This article, published with an F:iglish abstract, presents .a detailed
report on the tE;chniques and results of controlled experiments undertaken
to observe the effects of pressure breathing on ~:~;rtain interocel five
reflexes and to explore the pr~~.ncipal factors re~~ponsible for those ef-
fects .
The authar?s say that to the best of their knowl,~dge there i.s no
li?~erature or.. the sL~b.ject of their paper, although many people have re-
portec~ on the influence of pressure breathing on the circc~.la{..o'ry and
respiratory syst~~i. In reviewing the significance of thins study, they
observe that sr':~olars sinca 1F378 have beers con..cerned wi1;Y, the undesirable
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side effec?L-s induced by positive pressure breathing whan used in clini-
cal medicine and surgery, and more recently when applied. in aviation
medicine ~o raise the aviator's endurance in the upper atmosphere, to
make possible higher flight, and to meet emergency explosions in the
absence of oxygen.
To 29 dogs slightly anesthesized with Pentothal Sodium and each
weighing 6.2-18.7 kilograms, about 20 millimeters of pressure, as meas-
ured by the mercurial manometer, was applied during the breathing of air
or oxygen. Osciilograms showing changes in the following areas during
pressure breathing are reproduced and discussed: arterial blood pres -
s~u?e, peripheral vascular resistance, and respiration and heart rates;
r.P,ponse to stimulation of chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
and in isolated perfused legs; response to stimulation of the pressor
receptors in the carotid sinus; and response ?to electric stimulation of
the centrad ends of the ischiadicus and vagus nerves and. the peripherad
end of 'the greater. splanchnic nerve.
CPYRGHT A summary of the authors' observations is given in );nglish as fol-
_LOVlS
"Application of positive pressure breathing with either air or oxy-
gen to the trachea of do;s anesthetized with Pentothal Sodium induces a
decrease in respiration and cardiac rate, a lowering of peripheral re-
sistance, and an ak~r~xpt fall in arterial blood pressure. Usually there
appear marked respi,;~tory wages in the arterial blood pressure. The
magnitude of these respiratory and circulatory changes depends largely
or. the amount of positive pressure app'i~d.
"During; positive pressure breathing, the chemoreceptive reflexes
from the cax ot_ 1 and aortic bodies and from isol ated perfused leis as
well as the pressor and depressor reflexes of carotid sinus origin are
either decreased or abolished; the pressor response induced by electric:
stimulation of the centra.c' end of the vag>.s nerve is also considerably
reduced."
R'hree factors which the authors consider responsible foz??the marked
de~c~...,. -E of interoceptive reflexes during positive pressr~re breathing
'.re analyze~~. and the mechanisms of their influence discusse The three
.:'a~:tors include (1) decr~;ased intorocepi;ive sensitivity brought about
by increased oxygen in the blood, (2) central inhibition elicited as a
reflex action on full expansion of the lui,gs and stimulation .,f large
n~zmbers of pulsnonar~T pr~assor receptors, anc?. (3) intex-ruption of ver.~ou:~
.r :turn bar expansion of the lungs.
[For additional information on space medicine, see Item No 7.]
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Veterinary Medicine
126. Death of Yugoslav Ve~~erinarian
"Prof Dr Tihomlr Savic Dies" (unsigned article), Zagreb,
Borba, 16 Nov 57, p !F
Dr Tihomir Savic, professor at the Veterinary Faculty of the Uni-
ti~rsity of Belgrade, died 11~ November 1957. Savic was born 22 February
7.888 in Bosanslta Gradislta. He attended secondar;; school in Sarajevo
and the Veterinary Faculty in Vienna. In 1926, he was appointed associate
professor at the Veterinary Faculty in Zagreb; in 7~11?~~Y~ ~s appointocl full
professor at the Veterinary Faculty of tkie University of Belgrade, where
he was dean for a number of years . Sav:;.c was also administrator o:C the
Institute for the Hygiene and Technology oi~ Vital foods in Belgrade and
Ares iderit ,of tYie Federal Cc~~~miss ion for Vital Foods .
127. Historical Sltetch of the All-Union Institul:?e of Experimental Vet-
erinary Medicine
"The All-Union Institute of Experimental Veterinary
Medicine," by Prof Ya. R. Kovalenko and Prof F. A.
Terent'yev, Moscow, Vestnilt Sel'skokhoz a stvenno Naulti,
No 8, Aug 57~ pp 51-5
A short historical sketch of the estaLlishment and orgariza?t1.on of
the All-Union Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine is g'~ven.
The institute was founded on the basis of the Veterinary-Bacteriolo~,ical
Laboratory in St Petersbu:;,. which was organized in 1898. By lgl7 the
Veterinary-Bacteriological Laboratory had been reorganized into the
State Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine. In J_918 the insti-
tute was transferred to Kuzminlti near Moscow and in 1930 its name was
changed t~ *_he All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine.
ime institute consists of the following 15 divisions (otdel): Gen-
eral Microbiology (Obshchaya Miltrobiologiya), Protozoology (Protozeolog'-
iya), Helminthology (Gel'mintologiya), Pathological Anatomy (Patologi-
chesltaya A~zatomiya), Physiology (Fiziologiya), Biochemistry (Biol:himiya),
Pharmacology;y (Farmaltcligiya), Zootechnics (Zootelthniya), Veteriiary
Sanitation (Veterinarnaya Sanitatsiya), of the Study of Anthrax (po Izu-
cheniyu Sil~irsltoy Yazvy), Tuberculosis (Tuberltulez), Glanders (Saga.),
Rinderpest {Chuma Rogato;o Sltota), Diseases of Swine (Bolezni Sviney),
and Disease of Fowl (Bolezni Ptits). The institute also has a Labora-
tory of the Physiology of Agricu7.tural Animals (Laboratoriya I~'iziologii
~~~'. `skol-.hozyaystvennyl>h Zhivotnylth)~ and the Laboratory for Preparing
P~kaliein (Loboratori7~a po Izgotovler~iyu Malleinw), and a series of clinics.
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The institute has conducted research on brucellosir3 sine; 1930.
Those currently involve;d in brucellosis vaccine xeseaxch are M. K.
Yue kove?ts ; Ye . ; . Orlav, and 0. I . Moryakova .
The institute is regarded as one of the largest scientific inst~.?bu-
tions in the USSR. It has conducted considerable successful research
on an?bhrax, glanders, 13sterellosis , rinder,~est~and diseases ..of fow7_.
The Jnstitute is currently worlcing on problems of stoelt brseding are,? on
new methods for the manufacture of diagnostic, prophylactic, therapeut~.c,
and other preparations. The institute also trains scientific pers~zirel.
and offers courses for tl~e advanced training of veterinarianf; .
12$. Iiungarian Drive F gainst Fowl Choler:
"Sale of Fbultry Regulated" (uns ignecl article ), Budapea. ' ,
Nepakarat, 22 Nov 57, p 3
A decree restricting the sale of poultr;; r;as appeared in the Iiun-
gs.rian official gazette, Magyar Kozlon~, No 123- According to the de-
cree, from 21 ~uvembzr 195? ',hrough 31 March 1y5~3, only live ana dres..ed
poultry bearing th~~ offi~;ial tatoo marking, .tY!ich ce~~ti~'ies that inocu:~a-
tion against fowl cholera has been administer.e?~, .nay tie sold or otherwise
disposed of in Budapest, ~~~or, Varpalota, Tatar .rya, Komlo, Pecs, Oztalir,-
varos, Miskolc, Ozd, and Salgotar~an.
In other cities and towns uninoculated sultry rr.av y.,e br~.ught to
marlcet up to 31 .December 1957. I~owever, such po>.? t ry may "r j, sold only
to state or cooperative commes?cial organizations.
[For additional information on veterinary medicine, e-~ I~.c:m No 74.]
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Miscellaneous
129. Pathogenic Aerosol Test Chamber Produced
"An Apparatus for Studying Aerosols" (Un~~i.gned Article),
CPYRGHT Idoscow, Meditsinsltiy Rabotnik, 27 Dec 57, p !F
"I. I. Te~~skikh, V. I. Chervronsltiy, and V. M. Bolotovsltiy, associ-
ates of the Institute of Virology imeni D. I. Ivanovsltiy, Academy of
Medical Sciences USSR, in cooperation wi?L?h I. V. Kashin, engineer of
the Central .Planning and Design Bureau, MiniF~ter of Health USSR, have
designed an experimental IVK-1 apparatus foi? the study of aerosols of
especially dangerous and other infections ?, It also permits testing of
various filterable materials.
".t'he first test model of the apparatus was prepared at the Moscow
experirrentr~l factory 'Telthnolog. '
"The wpparatus is contained in a..stainless steel housing closed on
all sides. '.i'he aerosol, obtained in the spray compartment of the work-
ing part of the chamber, is dratm through a filter in two hermetic com-
partments in which the experimental a.n-?mals are placed. The air drawn
out of the chamber ~.s disinfected by electricity and disinfectant. There
is an.:;.nstrument board behin3 the housing.
"The new apparatus can be used for various purposes: studying in-
fections caused by aerosols of different pathogens and determining agents
wk~ich can impede entrance of pathogens into the organism.
"Judging by the model prepared by the 'Tekhnolog' factory, it i
possible to manufacture the necessary quantity of similar apparatuses
to meet the needs of various scientific reses.rch institutions."
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zn. METALLUROx
Nonferrous Metals. Rare Metals
130. droved "Cyclone" Smelting of Nonferrous Metals
"IIigh -Intens i+,y Smelting Method" (unsigned article) ,
Alma-Ata, Vestn9.lc Akademii Naulc ICazalchslco~ SSR, ATo ll,
Nov 57, P 77
The Laboratory for Stokers and Industrial Furnaces [Institute of
.Power Engineering, Kazakh SSR] has developed a new "cyclone" method of
smelting copper, copper-niclcel, copper zinc, and polymetallic i'in~ ores
and concentrates.
In May and June this method underwent indtkstrial tasting at the
Ballthash Coppar Smelting Plant. It was estab7.ished tho,c, with this
method, the productivity of the furnace is increased to mo?a than 30
times that of reverberato:~?y smelting, more than 15 times that of smelt-
ing in the suspended state, and more than 10 times that of the most ef-
ficient modern shaft furnace. "Cyclone" smelting saves considersble
amounts of fuel, decide, y im~~roves worlcing conditions, and. is adaptable
to complete automatization.
The experimental smelting produced a high output of mate-about 50
percent, as comparec~ with the 28-50 percent. generally obtained at the
plant.
r
131. Amalgamation Method of 7''uallium Extraction
"Principal Achievements of Science in Soviet Its.zakhstan, " by
K. I. Satpayev, D: ma, Ata, Vestnik Altademii Nault Kazakhskoy
SSR, No 11, Nov 57, pp 20-30
A ne:w amalgamation method of tr.allium recovery which increases
several times the extract.ion of metal from the raw mF~,terial was developed
and int~~oduced at the Chimlcent lead smelter.
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,:
REPORT NUMBER 1
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132. Rare Metals Co:ieentration in Kazalthatan
"At the Institute of Metallurgy and Concentration"
(unsigned artic?P), Alma-A?ta, Vestnik Akademii Naulc
ICazalth SSR, No 11, Nov 57, p 81
The Institute o:f Metallurgy and Concentration is studying tl?ic ap-
plication of vacuum to metallurgy. A scientific associate of the insti-
tute, V. S. YesyLltin, Ce:ndidate of Technical. Sciences, has developed a
method of vacuum distillation of volatile impurities from crude tin. At
preeent experiments on asemi-industrial scale are being conducted at a
pilot plant built by the institute with the help of engineers and ~+;ech-
nicians of the Novosibirslc Tin Plant.
The institute has completed research on the concentration of thc~
molybdenum ores of the Dzhanet deposit, and the first satisfactory re-
sults have been obtained. The Conce~itration Laboratory, in con,~unc?tion
with the A11-Union Scientific Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals,
is now conducting an extensive test at one of the Ust'-ICamenogorsli enter-
prises. A successful completion of this test will afford the possibility
of working one of the largest deposits of raze metals in Itazaklistan.
133? EnricYunent of Zirconium, Titanium, and Other Elements
"For a New Rise of Mass Invention in the Technology of
the Enrichment of Useful Minerals," b y V. A. Tvanov and
Yu. G. Melik-;tepanov; Moscow, Tsvetnyye Metally, Vol 30,
No 10, Oct S7, pp 31-35
The automatic appliance ESU (electric nugget captivator) for the
selective separation of gold nuggets in connection with washing-out proc-
esses has beEn developed by engineers at Nigrizoloto [Scientific Research
Institute for Gold] on the basis of a device designed at Dal'stro~r. This
appliance has been in use for some time at a number of gold fields of
+,he Lenzoloto [Lena Gold] Trust and at other enterprises of t'~e nonferrous
metallurgy industry. Hundreds of kilograms of gold have already been
separated with its aid.
The operation of the X-ray luminescence automatic device for the
separation of diamonds, which has been developed by V. V. Finno and L.
M. Krasov, is based on the action of the X-ray-induced luminescence of
diamonds on a photoelectronic multiplier. Use of the process in question
at diamond occurrences at Yaku~tiya and the Ural has demonstrated its re-
liability and effectiveness: th?. degree of separation of diamonds with
its use amounts to 100 for all practical purposes.
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n. method. for ?the selective flotation of titanium-zirconiLUn cancen-
tra?I:es which has begin developed by S. A. Sysolyatin at Ura]melthanobr
[Ural. Affiliate of the Scientific Research Institute for the Mechanical.
Processing of Minerals] is of great practical importance from the stand-
point of industrial application. Sysolyatin's method is more effieicn?L
and more highly selective than that. used in Aus?trai.:i.a. The pxinc9.;~~1.G
of its operation is as follows:
The combined. concentrate conlx~:lyd.ng ilmenite, rutile, and zircon. is
separated I~~agnetieally :c^or ?thc pui?pos~ ~f eliminating the ilmenite. The
non.~nagnetic fraction ~.s ?trea?ted with soda or calciwn hydroxide; this is
i'ollowed by a treatment with oleic acid (a?t ply ~ 8) an~~, with sodium
fluorosilicate (at pH ~ C.5). The sodium fluorosilicate, which is added
to the pulp after the collector, functions as a selective depressor that
facilitates the selective desorption of oleates from the surface of the
zircon and suppresses the latter. As a result the foam phase constitutes
a rutile (titanium) concentrate, while the zircon, which remains in the
flotation chamber product, can be subjected to flotation in. its turn
and separated from the quartz with the aid of cationic reagents. Sepa-
rate concentrates are taus obtained which contain more than 95~ of the
total titanium and more than gl~~ of the zirconium.
Sysolyatin's method opens up extensive possibilities of simplifying
the equipment, lowering costs, and improving the quality of the zirconium
concentrate, to which very rigid requirements are put by metallurgia'ts
(specifically, the content of titanium dioxide in it must not exceed
l o).
The use of the ion-exchange resin AN-18 in accordance with a sug-
gestion made by I. N. Plaksin, M. S. Girdaso?~r, and others m;~ke~a it pos-
sible to extract gold from alkaline cyanide solutions obtained as a
result of the cyanide treatment of ores. Application of ion-e~tchange
resins will lead to the solution of the following problem, in nonferrous
metallurgy: complete replacement of zinc used i'or the precipita?tian of
gold; extraction of gold from solutions containing very small quantities
of gold, which were formerly regarded as waste; extraction of nickel,
cobalt, and other metals from waste waters; extraction of platiri~;~m from
waste waters of refining plants; and separation of niobium, tan?~alum,
and titanium. The AN-18 resin has a retention capacity For metals which
i~ tens of times higher than that of ether known resins.
D. I. Nedogovorov and Ye. A. Savari developed a procedure for the
enrichment of Ukrainian titanium-zirconiun sands by flotation with the
use of a cheaper collector instead of oleic acid. This method is supe-
rior to that of enrichment by gravity which has been commonly applied
hitherto.
I. N. P1alrsin, ~t. A. Glembotsltiy, and others proposed the use of
new silicon-organic flotation reagents.
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131+. Ti?ranium-Vanadiwn-Idiobium Alloys
"'i*h~ "n^l'c,:-nr~-Point Diagram of the System Titanium-
Vanadium-Niobium," by I. I. ISornilov and V. S.
Vlasov, Moscow, Zhurnal Neor anicheslto IChimii, Vol 2,
No 12, Dee 57, pp 27 2-27 5
The three-dimensional melting point diagram of the system Ti-V-Nb
and the two-dimensional diagram representing the solidus of this system
have been constructed. The design of the special furnace which was used
for the determination of melting points is described?
[SIE~t Note: Alloys of niobium ought to prove of value as structural
material for nuclear reactors if the relatively low thermal neutron ab-
sorption cross ,section of this metal is largely retained by alloying :tt
with metals which have an intermediate cross section (e.g., V and Ti)
and the composition and properties of the alloys are such that the prin-
cipal drawback of niobium, namely, its low oxidation stability, will be
eliminated (ef. S. Glasstone, Pr3nci les of Nuclear Reactor En ineering,
Van Nostrand, TJew Yorlt, 1955, PD 50 -505
135? Rare-Metal Resources of the USSR
"The Mineral Raw Material Basis of the USSR Nonferrous
Metallurgy Toward the 1+Oth Anniversary of the Great
October Socialist Revolution," by P. Ya. Antropov,
Tsvetnvve Ms .~.11~, Vol 30, No 10, Oct 57, PP 9-lt~
The Northwest of the USSR is particulary ricr~ in rare-earth elements.
In this section of the country there are deposits large enough to provide
for 'the industrial production of all rare-earth elements.
On the basis of geological surveys which have been conducted, one
may conclude that the USSR occupies a leading position in the world as
far as supplies of copper, lead, and zinc are concerned and one of the
foremost places with regard to supplies of tungster_, nickel, cobalt, and
antimony.
The manifold nature of the nonferrous ore deposits of Iiazakhst~.n
considerably increases the value of the ores and makes it possible to
produce by-product germanium, thallium, scandiwn, zirconium, tellur9.um,
selenium, indium, and other rare and dispersed elements in addition: to
the principal elements contained in the ores.
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[SIR PJote: Zirconium and rare-earth element deposits are of import-
? ance from ?the standpoint of tYie development of nuclear energy ?technology,
. while germanium, selenium, and tellurium are of value as semiconductor
ma?teria7.s .
Fabrication
136. Submerged-Arc Welding of Titanitun
"Some Peculiarities of Titanitun Welding Under Flux,"
by S. M. Gurevich, Riev, Avtomaticheskaya Syarlsa,
No 5, Sep/Oct 57, pp 3~-~~-
The article describes experiments conducted at the Order of the
Labor Red Banner Institute of Welding imeni Academician Ye. 0. Paton,
Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR.
Tt was found that, during the interaction of the flux-slag z~*~'.tl~ the
metal, certain exchange reactions take place between the titanium, to-
gether with its oxides, and the components of the oxygen-free fJ.u~:. Ex-
periments were conducted with fluoride and chloride fluxes (CaI'~, BaC12,
NaF), and it was found that a flux composed of a mixture of fluorides
and. chlorides is best suited for the welding of titanium. To further
improve the welding technique, the institute developed a titanium welding-
wire (2 mm) holder and a flux padding.
Miscellaneous
137. Soviet Academician Discusses Metallurgy of the Future
"Metallurgy of the Future," by Academician T. Bardin,
CPYRGFi~?scow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 19 Jan 5~3
"We cannot say that the currently accepted technological method of
producing the most common metal in modern technology, iron, is the best
possible. The general course of this process is as follows: After
being processed at the concentration plant, the ore is placed in the
blast furnace where it is mixed with coke and heated. The iron is re-
duced by deoxidation rind is saturated with carbon. Pig iron is obtained;
it is melted in open-hearth furnaces, and the carbon is burned out of
it. Steel ingots are obtained, which are rolled with several beatings.
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CPYRGHT
"Why not exclude from this series of technological operations ?the
intermediate laborious processes? Why no?t change this now discontinuous
pi^oeess into a continuous one? The production of finished iron or steel,
with the required composition and in the form of the desired finished
product (rails, channels, T beams), is the age-old dream of the metal-
lurgis ?t .
"Tt is certain that meta?.lurgy of the future wil]. discard the tech-
nolor3Y accepted at present. Modern complex techniques, which involve
the b?.ast furnace, open hearth, Bessemer converter, and Blooming and
slabbing mills, will become unnecessary.
"Naturally, that does not mean that in she next few years we shall
begin to tear down our blast furnaces and replace them with some new
installation for the direct production of finished iron. The blast-
furnace process has been with us for a long time and will continue to be
improved. In the next few years both the construction and automation
of blast furnaces w311 be continued.
"Nevertheless, fundamental changes are already being planned in
metallurgy. An installation in which a direct reduction of metal wiJ_1
take place can be visualized as a large rotating tube. At one end a
well-refined powdered ore krill be added (the metal oxide without any
foreign admixtures) and at the other end the reducing gas, for example,
hydrogen. The pure metal obtained, in the form of finely divided powder,
then is remelted or is pressed into the desired objects.
"T should like to consider another question -- a new method of proc-
essing steel to increase its mechanical properties. The classical proc-
essing method has been the application of heat -- hardening, annealing,
tempering, chemicothermal cementation, etc. Experience shows that a new
principle will soon be applied to metal treatment -- the bombardment of
the metal with a stream of neutrons. By such a method, steel with a
completely new and surprising quality is produced. The development of
methods and the creation of apparatus for a new form of metal treatment
is a problem of the very near future. The introduction of atomic tech-
niques into me~callurgy opens up new vistas.
"I'or the first time man will be able to construct with 'the aiu of
radioactivity an alloyed steel of desired composition without introducing
any rare, expensive alloying elements, but by creating them d.irectl~r in
the lad_te, in the molten steel, out of atoms of iron, carbon, perhaps
sulfur, phosphorus, or other abundant elements added to the melt.
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CPYRGHT
"A ladle containing steel will only have to be held under a radia-
tion source for several tens of seconds for the compleac nuclear transfor -
mation to be initiated inside the molten steel. After several days have
passed, new chemical elements appear in the solidified, cooled steel as
a result of the effect of the residual radioactivity, i.e., a 'ripening'
of the metal takes place.
"T~t is probable that, by altering the structure of the atomic nu-
cleus, it will be possible to obtain rare and dispersed elements. An
entirely new branch of industry -- radiation metalluxgy -- wi11 emerge,
for which the transformation of lead into gold, the production of rare
chemical elements out of more abundant ones, wi11 be just as corrnnon as
the production of metal from ore is today."
13$? Member of the Bucharest Technical University Faculty in Hungary
"Czechoslovak, Polish, Rumanian Scientists and Ministerial
Leaders~Arrived in Hungary," (unsigned article), Budapest;
Nepszabadsag, 12 Nov 57, p 5
Florea Oprea, a lecturer in the Metallurgical Department of the
Technical University in Bucharest [probably the Bucharest Polytechnical
Institute], is in Hungary.
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X . PHYSICS
Nuclear Physics
139? High-Resolution Isotope Separator Described
"Electromagnetic Installation With High Resolution for
Separation of Isotopes of Heavy Elements," by L. A.
Artsimovich, G. Ya. Shchepkin, V. V. 2hukov?B. N. Makov,
S. P. N.?~lisimov, A. F. Malov, A. A. Nikul3chev, B. V.
Ptzrin, and B. G. Brezhnev, Atomna~ Energiya, Vol 3,
No 12, Dec 57, pp 483-1E91
An electromagnetic installation for the separation of isotopes
with a relative difference in mass of 1240 is described. The follow-
ing requirements were set up 9.n describing the separator: high resolu-
tion and dispersion, stable electric and magnetic fields, easily con-
vertible for the separation of quantities ranging from tenths of grams
to milligrams, and capable of handling, if necessary, highly to~:ic and
alpha-active elements.
The equation for the axially symmetrical focusing field and a graph
of the ,theoretical and actual radial distribution of the field strength
are riven. A dispersion of 20 mm per l~ ~ m~m and a focusing angle of
225? were taken as the initial values for determining the parameters of
the focusing system. The null trajectory of the ions was calculated to
be 1300 mm. The electromagnet weighs 30 tons, of which 4.~ tons is
copper, and has a low-voltage winding with a supply power of about 7 kw.
A diagram of the electromagnet is given.
The po;aer supply keeps magnetic field oscillations within 0.00596
and accelerating-voltage oscillations within 0.01. A special stabiliz-
ing system was developed in which an oscillographic electron-beam tube
was used as a transmitter. The tube is placed in the scattering field
of the electromagnet and compensated by afield with inverse sign to
that of the permanent magnets.
The vacuum system has a capacity of 3000 liters sec at l0?4-10_5
mm Hg. Pressures of 4-6.10'h mm Hg are obtained from the system. A
series of locks is used to protect the vacuum while sources and receivers
are being replaced.
The ion source is of the arc-discharge tS~e. Dispersion amounts
to 8.5 mm for u m~m = 1% 240 .
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Experiments to determine the concentration of samples of lead,
uranium, and plutonium are described. Concentration tables and mass
spectra are given.
140. Institute of ElectroAhvsical A
aratus to Build 50 Bev Accelerator
The Founders of the New Soviet Accelerator" (unsigned
article), Nbscow, Izvestiya, 27 Dec 57, p ;.
~~
Worlters of the Institute of Electrophysical A;:~paratus (Tnstitut
Elektrofizicheskikh Apparatur, Ye. Komar, Doctor o?~' Technical Sciences,
director, have taken part in the planning and development of the world's
largest synochrophasotron. Curz?ently, workers of the institute are
constructing a gigantic accelerator with a maxiimun energy of 50 Bev.
141. Personnel of Joint Institute of Nuclear Research
In the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research," by R. M.
Lebedev, Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, No 9, Sep 57, pp
263-.265
The following personnel and organizational? subdiv3.sions of the
Joint Institute of Nuclear Research are given in an article concerning
a conference held by the institute in Dubna on 15-18 May 19570
Prof D. I. Blokhintsev, director of the institute; Prof V. I.
Veksler, director of the Laboratory of High Energies (Laboratoriya
Vysokikh Energey); TT I. Pavlov, Laboratory of High Energies; IC. V.
Chekhlav, laboratory of High Energies; L. P. Zino~r'yev, Laboratory of
High Energies; I. V. Chuv3lo, Candidate of Physicomathematical Sciences,
head of a sector of the Laboratory of High Energies; K. D. Tolstov,
head of a sector of the Laboratory of High Energies; Prof A. I. ~hal'-
nikov, head of a sector of the Laboratory of High Energies; M. I.
Fodgoretskiy, head of the Sector of Emulsion Chambers (Sector Emul'sion-
nykh Kamer); Ye. N. Matveyev, Sector of Emulsion Chambers; M. N. N1Pdvedev,
Sector of Emuls~.on Chambers; V. P. Dzhelepov, Doctor of Physicomathe-
matical Sciences, director of Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (Labora-
toriya Yadernykh Problem); B. I. Zamolodchikov, chief ,en;ineer of the
laboratory of Nuclear Problems; M. G. N~shcheryakov, Laboratory of Nu-
clear Problems; G. R. Poze, Laboratory of Nuclear Problems; B. M.
Pontekorvo, head of a sector, of the Laboratory of Nuclear Pt~oblems;
V. M. 53dorov, head of a sect;ol? of the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems;
V. N. Mekhedov, head of a sector of the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems;
Academician N. N. Bogolyubov, director of the Laboratory of Theoretical
Physics (Iaboratoriya Teoretich:eskoy Fiziki); M. A. Markov, Laboratory
of 7.~eoretical Physics; V.? Yu. Votrub, Laboratory of Theoretical Physics;
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Prof I. M. Frank, director of ?the Taboratory of Neutron Physics (I.,ab-
oratoriya Neytronnoy Fiziki); Prof M. Ya. Dar~ysh, deputy director of
the institute; Ya. A. Smorodinskiy, unidentified laboratory; and Ya.
Zhevusskiy, unidentified laboratory.
1lE2. Atomic and Eydrogen Bombs: Construction Principles, Radioactivit
and Determination of Time and Type of Detonation
"On 'the Thermonuclear Weapon," by Prof M. Neyman, Vo enn
Vestnik, No g, Sep 57, pp 67-72 ~ ~~
Three types of atomic rind hydrogen bomb are described: single-
phase (atomic), two-phase (hydrogen), and three-phase (thermonuclear
with uranium jacket). The principles involved in the reaction are
presented.
Radioactive contamination resulting from the US test a?t Bikini in
.1954, the cobalt bomb, zinc bomb, and air sampler used in aircraft,
and methods for determining the time and type of nuclear weapon explosion
are also discussed.
1~+3. .Polish Cooperation in Development of Nuclear Research
"Eminent Representatives of World Atomic Energy: On
Prospects and Cooperation of Poland on the Development
of Nuclear Energy," by I,. K. Warsaw, Przeglad Techniczny,
l2 Aug 57, PP 579-581
The information. below is taken from an article in a Polish technical
biweekly periodicalreporting on the press conferences of Professors
Blokhintsev of the SSR and Perrin of France after their recent visits
to Polish research centers.
An expression of Poland's interest in the production of nuclear
energy was the 1956 creation of the Institute of Nuclear Research (IBJ).
Poland.has also joined the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (ZIBJ)
ii: Dubna, near Nbscow.
The purpose of Blolshintsev's visit to Poland, at the request
of Minister Bill.ig, Plenipotentiary of the Government for Matters of
Nuclear Energy, w'as to discuss further cooperation in nuclear energy
between the Soviet Union and Poland. Both men believe the developmental
prospects are very good.
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Some results of cooperation are the training of Polish spe-
cialists in Soviet centers and the building of the first atomic reactor
in Poland and other research installations on the basis of Soviet doc-
uments. The Soviet Union supplies radioactive isotopes, which are
finding increasingly more extensive use in Poland.
The problem of the form and division of cooperation was dis-
cussed in May 1957 at the ZIBJ. Tt was decided that besides the Polish
scientists working in Dubna, part of the scientific problems will '~~~
worked out in the IBJ in Poland. Very soon, work is expected ~:i ~;oe-
cial coord:tnation of works in radiochemistry, neutron physics, and
nuclear reactions. There are also possibilities that Soviet scientists
may ~-isit Poland to consult with Polish specialists.
Professor Blokhintsev visited the IBJ in Swierk, Warsaw, and
Krakow and believes Pound is creating good conditions for developing
nuclear physics.
Polish students will be able to conduct work on high-energy
paaticles and nuclear reactions and research in nuclear physics, radio-
chemistry, and the use of radioactive isotopes. Blokhintsev expressed
high regard for the scientific level of Polish specialists.
Poland's financial share of the costs of conducting work in
the ZIBJ has been set at 6.75 percent of the costs; the Soviet Union
will cover 48.5 percent. These costs do not include building and
equipping the Soviet center. In the Soviet Union, work is being done
on elementary particles of the atomic nucleus. Work on thermonuclear
energy {the basis s'or hydrogen weapons) is not carried on at Dubna.
Professor Blokhintsev pointed out that the level of radioactivity
released in atom and hydrogen bomb test was only part of the so-called
permissible dosage of. radiation. fie agx?ees with the English physicist
John Cockroft that the radioactivity is only 1100 of the permissible
level.
The High Commissioner of France on Matters of Atomic Energy,
the erai.nent physicist Professor Francis Perrin and Dr M. B. Goldschmidt,
director of the departments of Chemistry and Foreign Affairs of the
Commissariat, visited Poland at the beginning of June 1957 and stayed
about l0 days. They visited the Polish nuclear research centers in
Krakow and Warsaw, the laboratories of the Institute of Physics at War-
saw University and Jagiellonian University, and the main nuclear research
center in Swierk near. Warsaw. They were very favorably impressed with
these centers and the expert cadres.
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Several discussions were held concerning cooperation between
France and Poland on nuclear energy research and its technical adaptation
to peaceful uses. Progress reports of both countries were submitted
and discussed.
The visitors acknowledged the special importance in the uni-
versal use of nuclear energy and the training of scientific workers
as well as technical cadres. Proper preparation is a very difficult
task in building atomic industry and development of nuclear power.
Professor Perrin acknowledged as completely possible and real
the intensive cooperation between France and Poland. As an example of
cooperation, two Polish acientists are now in France in a 6-weelc course
on use of radioactive isotopes. There are possibilities for further
exchange of scientists for short-term specialization courses. After
the center in Swier;ls is activated, France will send scientists and
workers there for joint research and experiments.
1~+~~. Atomic Progress in Yugoslavia
"Important Achievements of Our Atom Specialists," by Z.
Gugic, Zagreb, Vjesnik, g Dec 57, p 2
Dr ?scan Supek, professor of the TJniversity of Zagreb and president
of tha Scientific Co-ancil of the "Rudjer Boskovic" Nuclear Institute
(Naucri savjet nuklearnog instituta "Rudjer Boskovic"~ in Zagreb, is
one o:f Yugoslavia's outstanding nuclear physicists. In an interview,
Sup.els said that the institute is working on some of the basic scientific
problems in the creation of the so-called atomic industry. Studies in
the field of transistors have been begun, anc~. research in metals and
semiconductors is carried on with close cooperation among chemists,
physicists, electronics specialists, and theoretical physicists. Radio-
activity is studied for its effect on organisms and to develop means of
protection against it.
Supek .also pointed out that one of the largest European cyclotrons
is being built by the institute and will be completed in 1958. It was
designed by Yugoslav specialists and is being constructed by several
Yugoslav factories, such as the "Bade Koncar" Enterprise, which is
providing the cooling system for the magnets; the "Radioindustrija"
Enterprise, which is supplying the oscillating system for accelerating
the electrically charged particles; and the"Ventilator" Factory, which
is providing the air conditioning. Besides advancing studies of the
atom's nucleus, the cyclotron will be a source of radioactive isotopes.
Counters for use in the practical applications of isotopes have been
developed and will be manufactured by the "Vlado Bagat" Factory in
Zadar.
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One of the tasks which will devolve on the nuclear institutes will
be the working out of the sicentific bases foz~ applying nuclear reactors
to ship propulsion, said Supek. Basic nuclear material is available in
Yugoslavia, but chemists face the problem of developing technological
methods for its most economic exploitation. ?
Zarlto Cizmic, consultant to the Federal Chamber of Industry, said in
an interview that the introduction into industry of various instruments
using isotopes is being encouraged. Such instruments would be used for
measuring ?the thickness of material and level of material in sealed con-
tainers or for countering electrostatic electr:~city in the textile industry,
besides other uses. The application of radioactive isotopes to pasteuri-
zation of food i.~ also under consideration. Industry is also studying the
problem of producing materials which would have special application in
nuclear technology, such as special steels and alloys.
Engr Salom Suica, hF;ad of the Federal Caalm3.ssion for Nuclear Energy
(Savezna komisi,ja za rnaklearrru energi~u), pointeu, out that one of the
largest projects to be achieved in 1957 is the construction and operation
of a large atomic reactor in the Nuclear Institute in Vinca. Its capacity
will be 7-10 megawatts, and it will permit production of isotopes for in-
dustrial, agricultural, and medical uses.
Radio~h~sics
1~+5 ? Contradictions ~ n the Def:ini~;ion of the "Roentgen"
~~_
"On the Problem of Determining the Roentgen in the 'Recom-
mendations of tha International Commission on Radiological
Units, 1953,'" by S. N. Ardashnikov and N. S. Chetverikov,
Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 3, No 9, Sep 57, pp 238-244
Contradictions enco~~ntered in definitions of the "roentgen," a unit
of X- and gamma-radiation, are analyzed. The widespread definition of
the roentgen as a unit of physical dose (All-Union Standard 7623) differs
from the recommendations~of international congresses (StockhoLn, 1928;
Chicago, 1937), where the roentgen is considered to be a unit of dose but
not physical dose. This has caused much confusion in the understanding
of the physic~1 aspects of phenomena where the roentgen is used as a unit
of measurer~:e~it. An unsuccewsful attempt was made to resolve essential
contradictions in the det"inition of the roentgen in the Recommendations
of the International Commission on Radiological Units, 1953?" The funda-
mental shol?tcoming in the definition of the roentgen, that it is measured
by "the amount of X- car gamma-radiation," ^.s maintained. Thc~ definition
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in the above "Recommendations" of ?the amount of radiation as the integral
of the intensity with respect to time leads to an understanding of the
amount of rr~7.iation as the density of the flux at a point, i. e., a third
variant of I;he concept of dose is introduced, which creates even further
confusion.
The article gives the requirements which should be met in the defini-
tion of the fundamental un3.t of measurement of ion3.zing radiations, the
roentgen and its equivalents.
146. A Training Roentgenomet~~r for Military P~r~onnel
"A Training Roentgenometer With Gas Counter," by Mai N.
Vaynshteyn and Engineer-Ma,~ B. Bukhin, Voyenr~yy Vestnilt,
No 8,. Aug 57, pp 63-64
A modified roentgenometer for military training purposes is des~ribed.
The proposed training roentgenometer consists of the usual military roent-
genometer with a few minor alterations. The gas counter GTC-5 is connected
in place of the ionization chamber at the direct-current amplifier input.
This makes the sensitivi?~y of the roentgenometer 40,000 times as great and
permits detection of gamma radiation from a source with an activity of
0.1N-G.6 curie at distances greater than 400 meters. The scale of the
training roentgenometer remains unaltered. Thus, a monitor can remain in
an area with an indicates dose intensity of "400" roentgens per hour t~'1.th-
out exceeding the maximum permissible dose.
147. Device for Dosing Radiant Energy Described
An Integrating Device for Dosing Radiant Energy," by K. V.
Chmutov, V. A. Prokhorov, ar~d N. G. Alekseyev, .'academy of
Sciences USSR, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow,
CPYRGHT 7~hurnal Fizichesko~r Khimii, Vol 31, No 8, Aug 57, pp 18y8-
1 99
"~'~ simple and compact device for dosing radiant energy (visible light,
infrart~d, X rays) is described. Current passing through a photoresistance
under ':he action of light charges a condenser. When the voltage reaches
the ignition potentir:,l of a voltage stabilizer, the condenser discharges
and the discharging current through a relay tuxes v`i? the radiation source.
The sensitivity of the device 3.a regualted with the aid of a potertiometer
and by varying the Capacity :rf the condenser. The device may be used f r
~ aosYng radiation aver lor_g-time periods."~ --English abstract
CPYRGHT
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Mechanics
1l-8. Nonsteady Laminar Boundar~yr Layer' in an Incompressible Fluid
"Approximate Method .of Integration ,of E~,uations of Nonsteady
Laminar Boundary Layer ?in an Tncompressib;l.~: 'fluid," Y,. A.
Rozin; Leningrad; Mosco?~, Priklauna a Matenu~tika i Mekhanika,
Vol 21, Ido 5, Sep/Oct 57, pp 15- 23
The usual method of successi?re approximations for the solution of
equations of a nonsteady laminar boundary layer is considered too cumber-
some. Simplified methods for the solution of these problems were suggested
by Ye. M. Dobryshman (PMM, Vol 20, No 3, 1956) by using the conception of
a "layer of finite thickness" and some suggestions by M. Ye. Shvets (PMM,
Vol 13, No 3, 1949)? -"
An approximate approach to the problem of nonsteady laminar boundary
layer in an incompressible fluid is suggested by using equations of pulses
and a certain one parameter family of velocity profiles. Such g method,
as known from the work by E. J. Watsoi. (Prot. R. Soc., 237A, No 1184, p ].06,
1955), yields very good results in the analysis of stationary problems.
149. Flutter of wells and Panels in a Gas Flow
"Flutter of Cylindrical Shells and Panels Mov3.ng in a Gas
Flow," by R. D. Stepanov, Moscow; Moscow Prik].adna?ya
Mutematika i Mekhanika, Vol 21, No 5, Sep Oct 57 pp ~++-657
The equations for?the shells are analyzed within the framework of the
general technical theory of inclined shells and of shells of medium ?.ength
presented by V. Z. Vlasov (Obshchaya Teoriya Oboloc:hek [General Theory of
Shells], 1949)? The aerodynamic forces acting on the shell are computed
as forces of excess pressure by using a formula suggested by A. A. Il'-
yushin (Trudy DAN,, Vol 2, 1948). The values of critical velocities of
the flow for closed cylindrical shells are computea by the variation method
and tabulated.
150. Stress Strain Theory
"Theorem of Reciprocal Action and, the Construction of Green's
Tensor ir. the Theory of Small Elastic-Flastic Deformations,"
by .N. A. K3lchevskiy, Kiev; Nbscow Prikladnaya Matematika i
Mekhanika, Vol 21, PTo 5, Sep Oct 57, pp 3 ?- }3 ~~
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A generalization of ?the theorem of reciprocity of action is attempted
for the case of an elasti~~-plastic medium, as well as for two bodice,
which before deformation are identical in geometric shape and dimensions,
but which differ in the elastic-plastic properties of their matter. The
state of stress of the elastic-;plastic matter corresponds to an ordinary
load.
After having generalized the theorem of reciprocal action to the case
of ainall elastic-plastic deformations, Somilian's method is extended to
the pi?obZ.ems of a static or an elastic-plastic medium in the rase of an
ordinary load, by applying an expansion in powers of a certain small para-
meter. The algorithm of an approximate construction of Green's tensor is
inrl3catcd for an unlimited elastic -plastic body. This method, of solution
of elastic-plastic problems is related to the method of "elasti. solutions"
presented uy A. A. Il?yu.shin (Plastichnost [Plasticity], 1948).
151. A Case of Stations Thermal C~mvection
"Soluttion of Equations for a Cer~"sin Case of Stationary
Thermal Convection in an Infinite Inclined Circular Cylinder,"
by Ye. Kh. Drakhlin, Perm; Nbscow Prikladna a Matematika i
Melthanika, Vol 21, No 5, Sep Oct 57 pp 93- 95
An accurate solution for temperature and velocity is found for the
problem of stationary thermal ce:.vection in the middle part of a long in-
clined cylinder contained in an Jnfinite solid mass with a temperature
gradient constant at infinity in space and time. The assumption is made
that the lines of current are parallel to the axis of the cylinder and
that a temperature gradient along the cylinder axis is absent.
152. Stability of an Unevenl~~ Heated Fluid
"Stability of an Unevenly Heated Fluid in a Spherical Cavity,"
by Ye. M. 7lhukhovitskiy, Perm; Moscow Prikladna a Matematika
i Mekhanika, Vcl 21, No 5, Sep Oct 57, pp q- 93
The problem of stc.bility of an unevenly heated fluid filling a spher-
ical cavity in a solid 'body heated from below is analyzed. An approximate
solution of the problem is given by using the method of B. G. Galerkin.
153? Optimum Regulation Problem Treated
"A problem of Optimum Regulation," by N. N. ICrasovskiy,
Sverdlovsk; Moscow Prik].adna a Matematika i Mekhanika, Vol
21, No 5, Sep Oct 57, PA 70-~77
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An attempt is made to solve a problem in finite-differences equations
and to find the limiting transition to the corresponding problem in dif-
ferential equations if the finite difference h .~ 0. The construction of
the basic part of the system of equations is supposed to be spec:~fied,
and only the governing values in the equations may be varied. The problem
of chosing the optimum parameters in the case of differential equations
was solved by N. G. Chetayev (PMM, Vol l5, No ;~, 1951)? The optimum tra-
;~ectories for h =1~2 and h =1 i are plotted.
154. "Floated" Gyroscope
"Motion of asymmetrical(~roscope Whose Cavity Ts Partially
Filled With Fluid", by G. .~. Narimanov, Moscow; Nbscow,
Prilcladna a Matematika i M~lthanika, Vol 21, No 5, Sep Oct 57,
Pp '9 -700
Equations of sma1.:L perturbations of stationary rotation of a symmet-
rical gyroscope are derived. The cylincL?.~ical cavity of the gyroscope is
partially filled with a fluid. During stationary rotation, the gyroscope
and the fluid in the cavity rotate as a solid around the axis of symmetr~r--
in this case, vertical. The difference between perturbed motion and sta-
tionary rotation of the gyroscope and fluid is considered, to be small,
making possible liraarization of equations with regard to variations of
perturbed motion parameters. Tile obtained equations may be used for in-
vestigation of stationary rotation and far the evaluating how the rotation
is affected by various parameters of the system.
155? Heat Exchange of a System of Bodies
"~, Certain Problem of Heat Exchange of a System of Bodies",
by Ye. M. Kim, Kharkov; Moscow Prikladna a Matematika i
Mekhanika, Vol 21, No 5, Sep Oct 57, pp 2 - 33
An attempt iF made to solve the problem of heat exchange of a system
of bodi?e~ in a state of thermal contact. The thermal flow is supposed to
var? i.~i u continuous way in vicinity of the boundaries of the contacting
bodies.
The multidirnensior..al problem of heat exchange of the system has not
yet been accurately solved, the author notes. Analysis is made for a
plane problem when the contact contour is a straight line. The solution
of this problem is considered important,; other case;; are being considered
as a generalization of this case.
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~,56. Sma11 Perturbations Method .~.pplied to Laminar Boundary Layer Problem
"Application of the Method of Small Perturbations to Problems
of a Laminar Boundary Layer," by V. V. Lunev, Moscow; Moscow,
Prikladna a Matematika t Mekhanika, Vol 21, No 5, Sep~Oet 5(,
p-~~._._
Equations of a laminar boundary layer of a compressible gas k~.th
small pressure gradients are solved with an arbitrary ratio of viscosity
to temperature and with a variable Piandtl number. The dissociation of
the air does not affect the method of solution. The?results are appli-~
cable to a supersonic laminar boundary layer on thin bodies, and on bodies
differing little from a wedge, a cone, etc.
157. Boundary Conditions in Supersonic Motion :tn Slightly Rarefied Gases
"Equations of Boundary Layers and the Respective Boundary
Conditions in the Case of Motion at Supersonic Speed in
Slightly Rarefied Gases," by Yu. P. Lunkin, Leningrad; Mos-
cow Prikladna a Matematika i Mekhanika, Vol 21, Nu ~, Se
P-
Oct 57, PP 597- 0
.,~ .,..,,.~~ . a~ ~u~~~-b~~~~~ ~yC~a ~ti ni~rn altiitiuaes the r.engtn
~f free rule of molecules will be of the order of the moving body L.
The gas in which the length ~ is small, but comparable with L, will be
called slightly rarefied gas.
The equati~.is of the boundary layer in the slightly rarefied gas are
derived according the Prandtl theory, but differing from the usual Prandtl
equations by some supplementary terms, containing higher derivatives of
velocity and temperature. In the derived equations the normal pressure
gradient differs from zero and it is expressed by the supplementary terms.
The boundary cond:Ltions of these equations are found by means of the ki-
netic theory. They are a generalization of Maxwell's and 5raoluchowski's
conditions for the case of supersonic flow. The limits of application of
these equations in velocity and temperature are indicated.
15t~. Correction to the Hydrodynamic Theory of Heat Transfer
"Experimental Determination of a Correction to the Hydrody-
namic Theory of Heat Zransfer During Turbulent Movement in
Tubes," by L. A. Vvedenskaya, Sb. nauch. tr. Ku?b yshevsk.
industr. in-ta, 1956, No 6, Book 1, pp 225-227 fxom Ref-~
erati 7~hurnal -- Me.khanika, D1o 8, Aug 57, Abstract No
90-L.V. Kozlov ~r
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The author works out a correction to Prandtl's e?luation of hydxody-
namics:
N =~ RPK
From equations (i), (3) and ~4) it follows that
where N, R and P correspond to thi: numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds and Pran.dtl
fox' the flow:
[t _ -----
using l;he experimentally obtoir~,~d relationships:
N=0.023R0.8,~0.~+
~ _ o . 316'
R 0.25
^ R o.05
p 0.6
(1)
(2)
ilving formula (2) and the expression (5 ,1 the author finds the rela-
w2 = l . 72 R -0.05
(6)
which is recommended for the calculation of w?~w. Here w is the velocity of
the fluid in the center of the boiler and w2 is the velocity on the bound-
ary of the laminar boundary layer.
159. Viscosity Coefficient of a Boundary Layer
"Laminar Flow Around a Lamina in the Nonlinear Theory of the
Boundary layer of a Viscous Compressible Fluid for an Arbi-
trary Distri'~ution of Temperature ,+~ll.ang the Surface," by V. P.
Shestopalo~~, Uch. zap. Khar'kovsk. gos. ped. in-ta, 1956, 18,
pp 12"1.133 (from Referativn Zhurnal --- Mekhanika, No 8,
Aug 57, Abstract No 9037, by F.2. Obroskova
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The author assumes that the coefficient of viscosity is nonlinear
? with respect to temperature. As a result of this, e, supplementary member
with a new coefficient of viscosity proportional to T2 (T being tempera-
ture) appears in the equation of motion.
Further solution of the system of equations for 'boundary layer. is
performed by 'the Chapman and Rubesin method (Mekhanika, Sb. perev. i obz.
in. period. 13t., 1950, No 4) with the same assumptions.
It is shown that for large numbers of M the thermal boundary layer
considerably increases in thickness in comparison with the layers calculated
by Chapman and Rubesin. This is not substantiated by either graphs or
tablee. .
160. Boundary Layer at a Surface of Large Curvature
"Boundary Layer at a Surface of Large Curvature in a Longi-
tudinal Direction," by A.N. Rakhmannvich, Tr. Ufimsl:. aviats.
in-ta, 1956, No 2, pp 3-22 (from Referat.vr~yy 7.~urnal ~_
Mekhanika, No 8, Aug 57, Abstract No 9037, by N:N. ;;~:-trY:ov)
The order of magnitude of the transverse prec~sure gradi?e:i:: ~ in a bound-
ary layer, a method for investigating the thickness. of the bounagry layer,
a method for determining relative thicknesses, and the accurs,cy oY' ordi:---
nary methods for determining the velocity profile in a boundary 1aye~r are
treated in investigations of the boundary layer in curvilinear canals.
Investigations were conducted on the surface gradients cf pr~~fii~s
with a median line arc of 89? Tests were performed under con..:~.itions
corresponding to M = 0.3 and R ~ 3.43 x 10% . As a result of the inve:.~-
tigations it was found. that the transverse gradient in the b~.nzndary lave,
was of the same form as teat in basic flow. In nonlinear flow ove~~ a
large curvature, the velocity profile 3n the boundary layer :roust be ~..eter-
mined according to the results from dynamic pressure changes. K~?ing flow
over a convex surface the boundary layer contains regions with positive
and negative transverse gradients of velocity, but over a concave surface
the transverse gradient of velocity does not change sign.
The thickness of the boundary layer in a nonlinear flow over a large
curvature can be determined by the distance ~ from the surface of the body
at which viscosity causes a decrease in the amours of motion of a unit
mass by 0.01 of this value in a basic flow. Expressions are given for
determination of the relative thicknesses in curvilinear flow from which
certain expressions for linear flow can be obtained for a special case.
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161. Strength of a Circular Rotating Disk
? "Calculation of the Strength of a Circular Rotating Disk
Weakened by an Eccentric Hole," by B.A. Jbodovskiy, Sb.
nauch. tr. Zhdanovsk. rnetallur in-ta, 1955, No 3, pp
293-299 ~ from Referati 7,ht~xnal -- Mekhanika, No 8,
Aug 57, Abstract No g29 , by I.A. Prusov
This work contains an examination of the stress condition in a thin
uniform circular disk weakened by an eccentric hole. The dials rotates
uniformly about an axis which goes through the canter oP the dislt and is
perpendicular to its surface.
D.I. Sherman's method for double-connected regions (Dok:1. AN SSSR,
1840, 37, No 9, PF 911-913) is used in the solution. This method is based
on an analytrical continuation of the functions of a complex variable of
Ko:iosov-1Nuskhelishvili through one of the boundaries of the region by
means of an auxiliary function, for which an integral equatio,i is given.
An approximate solution is made by reducing the latter to an abbreviated
system of linear algebraic equations.
162. Thin Spherical Shell Boundary Problem
"One Boundary Problem of a Thin Spherical Shell," by F.D.
Sigua, Tr. Tbilissk. matem. in-ta, 1956, 22, pp 265-275
(from Referati Zhurnal -- Mekhanika No 8, Aug 57,
Abstract No 9317, E .I . (7bola,shvill
Th:~s work contains calculations for the deformed condition of a spher-
ical shell wi?rh boundary ~;onditions
wherE~~.~,~-~~-ware the displaceme:it components;/~i~is the ',~endinr~ moment,
and C is the fixed contitant.
The examined boundary problem is reduced to a system of nonliomogeneous
algebraic equations in terms of unknown constants by means of I.N. Vekua's
formula (Novyye metod resheni a ells ticheskikh uravnenitr [A New Method
for the So]_ution of Elliptical Equations , Moscow-i~eningrad, Oostekhizdat,
1g48). A solution of this system is given for a particular case of as-
signed outer forces. Stress components and displacements are si~nj.larly
determined.
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163? Antiatomic, Antichemical, and An'cibacteriological Defense of the
Soldier in Battle '-"'-"~
"Protection of the Soldier From iKethods of Mass Destruction,"
by Col M. Banniltov, Candidate of Military Sciences, and Col
V. Sorokin, Candidate of Military Sciences, Von-ennyy Vestnik,
No 8, Aug 57, pp 86-88
The article reviews the brochure Proi;ivoatomna~a Protivokhimicheskaya,
Protivobaltteriologicheskay_a Zashchita Soldat v Boyu, Antiatomic, Anti-~
chemicaZ,and Antibacteriolog~.ca1 Protection of Soldiers in Battle) by
B. V. Kokosov, Voyenizdat, 1957, 128 pp.
The purpose of the reviewed book is to provide Soviet so~.diers and
preconscription youth with essential information on protection from methods
of mass des?~ruction in battle. It covers the following topics: descrip-
tion of the destructive factors in the action of atomic, chemical, and
bacteriological weapons; methods of individual and collective antichemical
defense and rules for their use; methods for sanitary treatment of person-
nel, and decontamination of materiel and ?rehicles from radioactivity,
chemicals, and bacteria; duties and operations of a soldier during radia-
tion and chemical reconnaissance; actions of the soldier on the battle-
field during use of weapons cf mass destruction; flame-thrower and incen-
diary mixtures and methods for defense against them.
The reviewers conclude that, "despite certain shortcomings, the bro-
chure can be used during the initial familiarization of soldiers with
antichemical ,and antibacteriological defense in battle. However, insofar
as anitatomic defense is concerned, other boolts are better suited."
16~+. Rifle Platoon Landing by Helicopter, and Attack FoLlow3 ng an Atomic
Attack
"Teaching a Rifle Platoon to Make a Landing in Helicopters
Following an Atomic Attack," by Lt Col I. Andrukhcv, Voyennyy
Vestnik, No 5, May 57, pp ~+5-51 --
The article gives a plan for making a landing by helicopter and -
tactical-combat assault and occupation of an objective in the enemy's rear
following an atomic attack.
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165. Hungarian Scientists on Study Tour in USSR
"Hungarian Scientists Abroad" (unsigned article), Budapest,
Nepszabadsag, l2 Nov 57, p 2
Antal Reiachl, professor at the Construction Industry and Transporta.~
tion Technical University (Epitoipari es Kozlekedesi Muszaki Egyetem),
Endre Reuss, professor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the
Technical University, and Laszlo $zalai, lecturer ht the Physics Institute
of the Szeged University of Sciences (Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Fizikai
Intezete), went to the USSR on.a study tour, according to in~Pormation in
the article.
166. Hungarian Scientist Isaves for Bulgaria
"Hungarian Scientists Abroad" (unsigned article), Budapest,
Nepszabadsag, 12 Nov 57, p 2
The article notPS that Janos Kiss, lecturer in the Faculty of Natural
Sciences at the Eotvos Lorand University of Sciences (Eotvos Lorand
Tudomanyegyetem), left for Bulgaria.
167. Director of Moscow Observato;~}rVisits East Germany
(unsigned article, Ber]J.n, Neues Deu-cschland, 16 Nov 57, p 3
Professor Martynov, director of the Nbscow Observatory, recently
visii;ed the main observatory of the East German Acade.~ of Sciences in
Potsdam-Ba'belsberg.
168. Hungarian Academician in East Germany
"News" (unsigned ari;icle), Budapest, Nepszabadsag, 12 Nov
57, p 8 _
Pal Gomor!., Corresponding Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
(Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia), headed a delegation which left for Berlin
at the invita';ion of the East German Academy of Sciences.
169. East German and Bulgarian Science Academies Sign Agreement
~_
(unsigned article), Cottbus, Lausitzer Rundschau, 30 Oct 57
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An agreement was signed recF.ntly in Berlin by the East German Academy
of Sciences and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences on principles of 1958
scientific cooperation between the two countries.
~ 170. International Scientific Con~Cerence Held in I3blice, Czechoslovakia
(unsigned article), Berlin, Der_ NSorgen, l3 Dec 57
On 12 December a conference on the distribution of scient:~?fic work
among socialist countries was held in Liblice near Prague, Czechoslovakia.
The conference was sponsored by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and
was attended by re~nresentatives from the Academies of Sciences of the
USSR, East GErmany, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and Bulgaria, as well as by
members of ministry scientific institutes in Czechoslovakia. Discussions
involved the coordination of long-range plans up to 1.975, specialization
in individual countries, and prices on the socialist world market.
171. Cooperation Between Science and Industry in Yugoslavia
"Industry Must Cooperate More Closely Zdith Scientific Estab-
lishments," by N.P., Zagreb, Borba, 5 Dec 57, p 4
At a conference, held ~+ December 1957 in the "Rudjer Boskovic" Nuclear
Institute in Zagreb, represEntatives of industry and scientific institutes
of Croatia disucssed closer cooperation between science and industry. The
institute, with its 200 specialists, has been working for years on semi-
conductors and transistors, the use of radioactive iso?t;c:pes in industry,
agriculture and medicine, and on similar projects of interest to industry;
yet, of 48 engineers doing postgraduate work in the institute, only one-
third have been subsidized by industry.
There have been some instances of close cooperation between science
and industry. The insi::ttute has helped the "TEZ" Factory in the production
of fluorescent lights, has aided the "Rade Koncar" Factory, and has helped
the "Torpedo" Factory to establish a center for materials testing with
radioactive isotopes. Close cooperation has also been established in st?uc~r_
ing the po:.sib3lities of building nuclear power plants.
Representatives of industry r:^,~osed that factories establish their
own laboratories and small institutes to supplement the work of scientific
establishments and insti?tutea.
~~~
- 1.17 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08: CIA-RDP82-001418000100010001-2