AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY/SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY IN KIEV AND THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000300070010-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 3, 2013
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: June 12, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000478000300070010-9
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CLASSIFICATION GONL~IDENTIAL~aECURITY III~E`DRMII.TI~N ~t~
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORNATION REPORT
50X1
:J V/~ I
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT L~gricultural Machinery~Sugar Beet Industry in
Kiev and the USSR
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
AC.QU I RED
TN19 DOCVYFxT CON TAI Nf INIO RYATIOM AIIEETINO TNF MA TI OR ?L OE iEN 9E
0I THE UNITED 9TATE9. RI TNIN THE YE AN IxO as 11 TLC INr 9F [T 10X9 7B3
D 791. 01 TNF CODFr Af AYENDE D. IT9 T Y19S ION O
TION D IT! CONTENTS TO OR EC[IIT ?NORIZED RSON 19
IRONIYI TED RT LAR. TXE REI RDDUCTI ON Oi TXIlNiO RY IR IROXI EI TF O.
DATE DISTR. / w h S
N0. OF PAGES 3 50X1
N0. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
50X1
1. The '9Krasny-Pakhar"' Agricultural Machinery Plan located on the Brest-Litovsk
C;haacee :in Kiav is very large. A smaller plant, tl~c "Elvorty"s is located
near tFiu Kiev Polytechnical Institute. I rode past this plant many times
and saw spring-harrows, discsy plo~.zgl~.s,, and other sma.~..i agricu.LZUxa
.rrLac inert' on railroad sidings.
2. Duxiin~ World War II:~ while evacuating from Khaxkov,
the "Sergi
Moloi:,'' Agricultural Machinery Plant had also evacuated. Some of its mach.%nery
vrds destroyed while on railroad cars and the plant suffered severe war damage.
3. The general condition of the sugar beet industry in the USSR. can be classified
as excellent. In the early 30gs, the USSR Sugar Commission which travelled
over the whole world (including the US) returned with this statement) "The
West cannot teach us anything new nor does it possess newer equipment or
?~Ptter methods than we." Until 1935, most of our refinery and laboratory equi~-
ment was of CTerman-make. After that date, the s~zgar industry received equipment
'?Tom the Bolshevik Machine Plant and the Sumsky Machine Factory. Compressors
and pumps from the Sumsky Plant were especially good..
~~-~ There are 380 sugar factories and 53 sugar ,refineries in the. Ukraine,._Tkaese_.
are also 17 sugar factories in the Voronezh-Kursk area under Ukrainian
s~zpervision. A few sugar factories are near I~scaw. The general practice in
locating sugar factories and refineries was to place them near a source of
sugar beets. However factories were constructed also where it was necessary to
industrialize the population. Regardless of climatic effects on production,
or the cost and time element, three such refineries were built in Siberia,
CLA_SSI_F__IC__A_T_IO_N C?I'~IDENTIALJSECURITY INFORMATION
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several in the Georgian Mountains,, and three in Kuban. This was a psychological
effort on the part of the Soviet regime to convert farxaers and other inhabitants
into factory workers anal thereby providing them less time to think and complain
about conditions. This new proletariat produced little sugar and it was of
inferior quality; but the regime produced many new factory workers.
5. Atypical auSar ~'ecta~y snc~ 'iny i~ the USSR would be a,s follows:
(a) Side 'oi7~1~4--Tt would havre ~, minmum of tiro floors. The first floor
w+o~i~ a .caul v+~El ~:~~ in height a~-d tYie second about 20 misters
~~~,~~ .C~ `. --Thee plant was 1~0 m~tgrs'' Tong apd about ~5 to 50 maters
~in w3~dtb:
(b) Number~~p~ Workers.--During t'he height -of the production season, theme
wexe a~'out 1500 workers in an average p?:arit~ in other seasons workers
numbered about x+04. Seventy-five adm~.rxistrative workers were employed
al_Z year -long.
(a~ Capa:c3:~.--The capacity of the average plant was t0 thousand cm (one
em ~ 100 kilogramsJ. The largest factory produced 36 thousand cra and
the smslleigt about $ t}rausand cmi.
(d) Area of 5u~~1_y of wets.-.~is+~aunting the fsabar3,es ~onatra+cted for
'
~
`
a~
' .,~'~~"~!~
psycholc"gical a ~ ~~ ~
~
. r+~w
1~' "~ t ~ts,y
'o.Ill $ y~'1'!T~i _. r~~.a. ~"~ ?~1:? ~', N,~~'^ Y ~u
(e) p~' :..: " '~ut~.c~ a R ' ~ ~ d ~ ' 'ar. -.-ref ine~d. sugar was d,allvere' to
stores ati. oases wi he going to wax houses. Atypical
warehouse was of brick cso~trdation, 1S0 to 200 meters long, 2O meeters
wider and one to two floors in height. Such a warehouse had to have
fireproof asbestos roofs9 central heating, (hut water or hot air}, steady
temperature controls, and. periodic examinations by a chemist from one
of the Sugar 7~USTS.
(f ~ M~it~i~ a t .ci~.?tatioz~ of btu -ands r to a~ici ~m the ~"aoto~es.--
wa.s shorty by tks, if a 1,~.tt~.e f~thcr c~ut~ ?~nd~ 'by freight amore fr~ta
cQl~lootion poinl~s ~ i~' the supply of l~cete ~,~ at tho ~ ki~,Qmetor l,t.
guar transpQartod, Pram t faotiary was by fre~,gi~t ears only.
(g~ preQuation sh di tx~i'buti?n of alcohol.--Naaz~+y sash sugar factory or
re nery~~ re was ways a ap r ~ or alool~,ol fa~atory. Alo?hol was
~uad0 From mo].e,sses as well a?.i~=?om potatoeis. Not e,11 r?#'insries
contributeei their products ~'or alcohol maziufaotura~. Some of the poorer
alcohol which the wh~sky industry did not use,, was usod for fuel mixtures;
and some of the 9~.6 was for medicinal use ot~l.y. Certain refineries
could praduoe both alcohol (from molasses) and sugar but this involved
a complete conversion of eu,geac manufacturing equipment to alcohol
manufacturing equipment. alcohol produced at some of the 50X1
refineries was for use in large artillery shells.
About 50 per cant of potato production is utilized each year- in the roduction of
alcohol in the U3f~,R. 8~,x~ce the U1~a~.ne produces mush more potatoes 800 to 1000
cer~tna,~^s per he~otaxe~ the bulk oi' the potatoes come from th3,s axes. _Also these
potat~a?e ha,~ about a 13 to 14 per aezat alooha~. content, whereas the USSR potato
has about eii,ght to n~,xus per cent alcohol and molasses has about one per sent
alcohol. No sugar' beets ware used ?ar alcohol but the molasses was. Sixty per cent
of all manufaaturad mplasees was used for alv,oholproduction.
CONFIDENTTAL~SECURTTY I~'QRMATION
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CONFIDENTIAL~SECURITY INFORMATION
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g. Approxiim~te alcohol extraction rate in the USSR is as follows:
Potatoes -- 15 to 16 kgs of potatoes for one liter of pure alcohol
Molasses -- 17 kgs of molasses for one liter of pure alcohol
Sugar beets were used for alcohol manufacture only when the beets were left
frozen on the fields and sugar could not be extracted from them,
10, The average sugar extraction rate from sugar beets grown in the Kiev area- was
18 per cent; in the Kharkov artla, lg to 20 per cent; the rest of the Ukraine,
16 to 17 per cents and in the USSR 15.2 to 15.6 per cent.
11. E~cpansion. is planned in the K~ersk-Voronezh area. All of the Ukraine is sown in
sugar .'beets with the exception of the Odessa area. Other expansions were in-the
Kuban area, in. parts of I~ersonD and in the Volga Dona area (after irrigation),
CgNFID~I,'IAL~BECURITY ~P'O~tMATZON
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr2013/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-000478000300070010-9