CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION OF STATE MACHINE CENTERS (CZPOM) AND SUBORDINATED AGENCIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000500210008-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2013
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: September 7, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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CEI~ITRAt INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains iniormation aQecting the National Defense pf -the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, T1tle
18, U.B.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which 1n any manner to an unauthor-zed parson is pzohibited by law.
C- 0- I~-F - I-D-E- I~,- T- I-A-L
SUBJECT. Central Administration of State
Machine Centers (C~POM) and
Subordinated Agencies
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
7 September 1955
~.9
_.
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
LIB}TARY SUBJECT ANp AREA COPES t l8)
3-02-0406 9/55
723.11 55M
C-C~-IMF-I-D-$r-1~T- I-A-L
ARMY NAVY AIR ,
(hots: Wa:I~ingfQn distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#'".)1
50X1
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CONFP~DFrNTIAL
COUNTRY Poland
SU67ECT Central Administration of _Stave Machine
Centers (CZP?M) and Subordinated Agencies
DATE OF INFQRMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
?~,,
,;
50X1
- PATE DISTR. ~~ Ju]y 1955
NO.OF-PAGES 1~
THIS IS UNEVALUATED II~FORMATfQN 5ox~
.. ,~: f.
1. The Central Adminirtre,t~,ou o!' 9tats M+~ohine C r~tere (Gentralny
~
Zarzad Pane~~rQwya~ O~rodkdw Maeeyn?wybh~GZPDM
was~ oreated in 199
se d aoneequenae o~'.the,program of aolleativl,zing agriaulture.ln
Poland whioh was worsted,out and approved by the Communiat~r~g~mp
in 1948: In 1 4g, the CAP?M. aontro~~,ed onlyr about .104 Btate ~laahine
Centraa : (POMs~.:.,Ara~prdi,ng to the 9i,~-~Y~e,i~~~P1an, St~ xaa planned, to
increase this number. to '~50 by 1955... In the proags~e.of impl?menting
this plan, all Cooperative Machine Centers (8~oldzie3cze derodki
Maezynowe-90M), which were contro3.hed.dv thi;e time by the Cen ral
Agency of~~Agriaultural Peasant-$e.lf-Help Cooperatives (CR9SC1~~,
.were subordinated to the CZPOiK in 1952 .and ren$m~ed township Maahin.e
Centers ((~minne Oerodki Maszynowe-aCM). This move secured the
CZgOM a dominant position in the villages through the aequieitioi~:
of control over almost the entire park of agrievltural:machines.
Since .that time, the CZPdM hoe remained as the meet Important
instrument and agency of the Ministry of Agriculture .for the sQ-
called structural development of agriculture. .
. ,The CZP~M was directly subordinate vo the Ministry Qf Agriculture,,;
~
`
'a~t~rid
its position and power as a_service_eeiabllahment was equal to
origanized asTfollowsa (See organizational chart vn.page.ll). Its
consisted +of a large central office, located in Warsaw .at 55
Krakowskie Przedmiescie, and the foliowiMg subordinated provinci;al..
agenciea and units~~
a. Seventeen vc,ivodship administrations of. Stave Machine Centers
(Zarzad. Wo~ewod~ki POMP.
b. .About .420- State Machine Centers;. (Paras'~waaty 4src~dek Maszynowy= .
Pt3M) with about 17,0;l~d tra~tvP~ at~d o~the~ agricultural machines
and approximately 2~,Q04 employees,
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c^ A~aout 3,40a Township Machine Centers (,chainne Qsrodk Maszynowe-
f~OM) with about 20d, OO+a ~a.gricultural machines of all types,
mQStly horse drawn, and approximatelyr-20,000 es-ployees,
The CZP4Pi and its subordinated units eooper~ated ve~*. cloa~ely with
th~e.voi~odghip, county, and village national councils as xell as
with the aommitt.eee mf the Polish United i~orkers~
pa'r'ty ( PZPR ) on every level . .The exeout_ ive personnel grad ,cadres
of the POMs xer? selected maar~ly from a political point a,t aiex;
polit_1aa1 reliability was -more decisive than profetasional a~kill.
Ce?_, astral Of_ f~ice-
A general director was in charge of the CZPOM in 195+, He was
re~rpons~ible to the .Minister of Agriculture for all the activi-
ties oP the establishment and especially for the implementation
of quarterly and. yearly plar~s~ The folloxing xere directly
under the general director and comprised the central offices
a. Four Sections:
(1) A Planning Section (Dzial Planow,ania) rrhiah was re-
s onsibl f
p e
t
or
he working out and coordination of all
development, eu~loitation, emplo~nnent, and financial
plane to b.e submitted to the Ministry. of .Agriculture
-as well ae being responsible for all rep?rting and
ste;tistics. ..
. I-
A.P~r,sonnel Section (Dual Pere,o-nalny.) xhieh was .
:..x~epaasibae, for ~.~.1 .pare?nnel ma~~ers at the 'central
for. the entire. CZP?M.- -- ------- ~--- -`~`~`~~"'?. `+y ~aul'Cd
(3) A Chief Aecountant~s 3ec~tion (Dz.ial alownego ~eiegowego)
which
su
An Organization, Section (Dzial. 4rganizac~i) xhieh was
.reep~-nsiblefor working.ou~ directives:and orders- con-
earning .organizati.on, empT?yment, and;lsgai matters'
.fbr a l the subordinate ur~itis and eupbrvised their
ir~ple~sentatione
.
per.vised the accaunt~ing,:!;and.bookkeeping system
and was re. poneib a for periodic."' .reports an the
fin~n~ial and ec..onomia act~,vitiee of .~~}e POMs,
b. Three Yice-Directorso
(1)
A Chief. Director .for.. Fa~ploi~ation~and .Technical Matters
(N:aez~lny Dyrektor do Spraw Eksplp~.tacy,~no-xe~hnicznyah)
who directed and controlled the denelop~nent and ex-
gansian of'Sta.te Machine, Centers throughout the country,
including their technical equipment-arid s~upplie~ and the
.implementation s~f exploitation plans o He had two deputies
under hian,
(a) A,Deputy Chief. Director for Investments and Supplies
(Zcs, Naczelnego Dyrektora do Spraw Inwestye,ji i
Zaopatrzeniowych) who was responsible for all matters
connected with supplies end equipment and the ex-
p~.nsion ar~d relQCatiori of- PUMs, He controlled three
seetions4 Construction Investments (Inwestyc~e
Baia?wlane), Lachine Park. Investments (Inwestyc~e
Taboru i Maszyn), and Spare Parts .and Material.
Supplies (Wyposazenie w Narzedzia Czesci i Mater~aly).
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C4A1F IDENT IAL
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(b) A Deputy- Chief Director for Exploitation (~Zca -
~Taczelnego Dyrektors do Spraw Eksploatac~i) who
was r+~sponsible for- all .matters connected with
the'exp.loitation of the machine parka He con-
tro~lled two seet.ions~ Distribution and Exploita-
tion oP Tractors and Agricultux*e Machines
_ (Rozmieszczenie i EkBplaatac~a Maszyn i Traktorow),
an~9 Repairs of Agriculture Machines and Tractors
- (Remonty Maszyn i Traktorow),
(2) A Finance Director (Dgrektor Finansowy) who.dire~ted
and .controlled all matters-,of finan~~?_~and administra-
rtion, die had f3.~te~ s~~rsd'dt~ah~~~~nder'~h~:mo Finance;
Adm-lnistration, Employment and Pay, Transportation,
and Social,
(3) A Political Director (Dyrektor Polityezny) who was
reaponai.ble for the implementation of the. main mission
of the CZP{3M, that is, the furtherance of the collecti-
vization program according to~the agricultural policy
'of the Central Committee of. the Polish United Workers
Party. In this r~es~eat he superviseQ the work of the
:~eubordinated voivodahip administrations of the POMs,
the~State Niaahine Centers,, and the rural committees
of the PZP~t o
VoSvodshin Administration oP St?t _ARa,~hi,~?e, Cb
~aah of the voigodship administrations of Btate Machine Centers
was, aid .e,dmin3strative -office xith sfimut 20 employees. It was
divi.d~ed i:xito seat~ons a,Qrr.+c po7rdng to? the vrgece~ization of the.
CZPOM. Eacsh voivodship adm3ni~str.atian oc~ntrolled all me.~hine
centers in the vo.ivodship s~re~a an average of 2# State ~laehine
Centers ('POMs) -and., under them, 17a T?xnship iKachine Centers
((i}O~s) a Thee manager of the voivodship admini~s~ttetian of POMs
was re~spvnsible o~n 'behalf of tie CZP4A9 .for the ~nplemer~tation
of the. yearly plans of the POMs in his area, Ids xorked closely
with the voivodship administrative .and Party authorities in
det:er~naning ways and means of using th:e POA9s to further tk}e
collectivization programo
~tat___Ma,~hine,~Centers '
An average State machine Center (POM) employed about 2C executive
and s.dministr.ative employees, 10 mechanics,, 25 to ~~ tra~etor "
drivers and their assistants, end five guards, The machine park
consisted-of about 30 tractors 'which-were. organized in working".
tractor brigades of three to six tractors eacho The ~na~n task
-of -each POM was: the seasons.l farming. xork in the fields:. ~f w"die
pr.:oduation- cooper?~tives o In ~.ddition to actual fsi.rm work, each
POI had: to perform a political mission in _it.s..aseign~ed .area; the
size of the area depended on the number and location of the
existing production cooperatives, U>3ua11y, one POM serviced an
_area approximating one county in sized Each POM was closely
Conn@eted with-its area tY~rough the so-called Communal Council
of-the State Maeh3.ne Center (Rada Spolec.zna POM) which. was com-
posed of the chairmen of all.the production_.cooperatives serviced
by. the POMo The relations between the POM and its council were
complicated because the council had a decisive voice in planning
the work of the P4M and in controlling the implementation of the
CO~iFIDEIV'T lAL
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page 12,)e. The POM was. headed by a director who was directly and
pers~ona].ly responsible to a number of higher offices depending on.
plan?s On~the other hand, the P4M ea~rcis~d a esrntrol over the
indiod~al . production cooperatives :in .that it gave- them $c~viee
and issued directives on cultivation a~d.produ~tion and inve~t-
meat matters and supe~?vised-ail their tans and acco~ntsa The
POM was_ responsible to the County Nati 'na1 Ogun?cil (Pt~wiatov~a
~~da Narodowa) for the aecure.~y of the pl~~ns and accounts of
the. individual production cooperatives.
Bach POM was organised as follo~rss (3ee organizational chart on
the,functians involvedo
ao P'or~all POM technical.-and administrative matters he was re-
sponsible ~to the voivodship administration of P~Ms to which
his center was directly subordinatedo ~,
be For all agrotechnical matters, such as the cult~.vation of
land and the harvesting of crops, he was responsible to .the
Administration of Agriculture of the County National Council
(Zarzad Rolnictwa Powiatowe,~ Rady Narod?we~)e
co For all POM political matters he was responsible to the. County
Committee of the -Polish~United Workers? Party (Powiatowy
Komitet PZPR)e
i
.The director performed his duties with the. help of-the following
directly subordinate to hams
ao P?M central office
b. Senior .Agronomist (Starszy Agronomy
co Senior Mechanic (Starszy Mechanik) ,
de Political Deputy (Zca Polityczny)
The POM central office consisted of about 12 employees and was
divided into the following four sections
ae A Planning Section which worked out all plans and was re-
sponsible for keeping production records and compiling
_ periodic prod~~,ti?n;;reportse ,,
b. A Personnel Section. which hired and dismissed employees,
supervised. the discipline of work, and kept all personpel
records and reportse In all personnel matters the Agri-.-
- cultural Section cif the. County.Nat3:ona1 Council anal the
County Committee of the PZPR had to be consultedo
ce An Administrative Section. which administered the buildings
and was_responaible for all supplies necessary for the opera-
- tion of the POMP
de A-Chief Bookkeeper who was responsible for bookkeeping and
financial matters a~.the POM,seeing to it that the POM.
stayed within the fixed budget piano He .supervised the
distribution of funds For the repair of tractors-and agri-
cultural machines for his own POM, the GOMa under it, and
the production cooperatives in his areas
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CO~TF IDEIJTIAL
The Senior Agronomist directed the agricultural work done by the
POM and particularly the cultivation of soil and production of
crops at all the .production cooperatives which aooperated with
him in working out the work plan for ?the PAM and in drawing-up
the work agreements I,~ was responsible f
or seeing that all.
tractors and agricultural maohnes at the POM we~?e praperl~ and
fully exploited, He fixed the working plans for tractor brigades
axad supervised-their implementation, He controlled three. tp four
regional agronomists at~d all the tractor brigades at the POM, The.
number of regional agronomists in each POM depended on 'the size
of the area, usually one regional agronorniet for several pro-
duet~.on cooperativese Tractor trigades consisted of three to
six tractors with tractor drivers, The tractor driver assistants
were usually assigned from the production cooperativese
14. The Senior Mechanic was responsible for? the technical efficiency
of all the tractors and agricultural machines at the POM and for
the agricultural machines in. the subordinate GtOMs and production
co?peratives, p~enerally, he controlled the workshop and store-
r~o~m of the POM; 3n par icular, he performed the following
functionse
a. Working out the plan of repairs for all tr.satore and agri-~
cultural machines and aupervisaing,,ita,implementation,,,
bo .Supervising the working-out and impler~entatlon.of repair ,plans
for ail the a6ri.eultural machines in the subordinate Township
Machine Centers ~aOMs) and production cooperativese,
e, .Working out the plan of s.uppli.es of :spare parts and repair
materials, and. ordering then from the regional wholesale
agenciese
d, Supervising the standard technical inspections done on all
motor. vehicles belonging to the ~'OM and. keeping aeeounts~on
the consumption of fuels -
Th,e wQrkshop~ of each POM ea~ployed about seven. to ten mechanics and
was we~.~ equipped with machine tools and equipment, .. It was able
to produce precision spare;parts for tractors, sheaf-binding
machines, and agriculture machines .which: were_.unobtainable from
the Spare Parts Supply Agency, It carried out repairs and per.i-
odic: inspections on a11. tractors and agrie.ultural.machines4 Each
workshop had a small storeroom and kept a limited amount of assorted
spare parts and tools necessary f,cr repairs on hand as well as
stores- of fuel for the POM, GOMs and production cooperativese
li? The Po~:itical Deputy was, as a rule., an eanployee of the .county
committee of the P2PR and performed his duties ~.ccording to Party
instructionso He was subordinate to the: director of-the POM on
the. organizational chart only, Isis.main actitrity consisted of
political indoctrination and supervision o~? the basic Party organi.-
zation$ and. personnel. of the POM, GOMs, and production cooperatives
and working among the private farmers trying to convince them to
form or loin-collective farms, .Subordinated to him were several
regional political instructors (polityczny instructor re~dnowy~ who
worked ma.~.nly iri villages acdording to plans and instructions re-
ceived from pima
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12. The Palls were- usually 1?c.ated in or near .village=s in +old ad$pted _w
Perm buihdings or in newly constructed compounds which consisted
t~f an administrati~-e .building, a workshop, a shed: f or tractors
and agricultural machines, and a nu~ber of ho?sa~ fc~r Qmployees a 50X1
- N 51- E 20-15) This P4M was organized 50X1
in 1951-1952 and was regarded then as one of the best in Lodz..
Voivodship. It was located in newly constructed buildings about.
two kilometers south of Rawa Mazowieeka close to the :Rawa ~Ma,~awieeka -
Tomaszow Mazowiecki(N 51-.32, E 20-O1)-hi8hway.
e nven cry o agricultural machines and tractors yia8 not in
order; no records were-kept of spare parts and repair materials
in store, and no accounts were kept of how they were used. The
director w~,s not fully aware of his responsibilities.
the political deputy, a woman who was assigned there
rom the Strzelez k Machine Tool Factory (former John Factory in
I~dz), this factory had adopted tt~e Rawa~Mazo-
wieaka P4M in fu1f1111_ng their duties of so-called "chieftaincy"
(Szefostwo), a system whereby the factory helped the.POM with the
repairs of tractors and in producing unobtainable spare parts.
cSee Para_ 4,~,belaw for a fuller explanation.)
Machinery and ~quir~ment
a~r?nw^r-~w^^M ^~ ^ rr^w~ rw-~n~r
~~. In general, the POMs were equipped with the Polish Ursus 45, the
Czech Zetor 25, and Zetor K25 tractors and with a small. nwnber of
tractor.-driven agricultural machineQ. -These.~traators were pro-
duced mainly~in the years 1949-1953 and could be regarded as new.,
Almost all tractors were on pneumatic them because catex-pillar
tractors. a"cold hardly be urged an the fields belonging.t~ the pro-
duction cooperatives, since they were $o scattered that a-great
deal of time would be lost. in driving from one to another by cater-
pillar tractor. There were several hundred I~ 35 caterpillar
tractors of Soviet production distributed among all the P?Ms.,
Source did not know exactly ho~o many of the various types of -~
tractors were being used by the POMs. H~e mentioned that in
1950-1951 mainly Zetor tractors were used. Since, that period,
the import ,of Zetor tractors was reduced, the production of
Ursup tractors was increased, and the percentage of the latter
was much higher in the POMs? park.b.y~lg54. Thee tractor-driven
agricultural machines were partly imported with the tractors
(plows, sheaf-binding maehines),.,partly of home production, and'
partly the old prewar Cferman machines wk~ieh were sti11 in rise.
The situation with the tre..ctor-driven machines was very~diffieult;
the P4Ms did not have the necessary number and type? in comparison
with the tractor parka There was aa,most a sufficient number of
cultivating machines (pl?~ws, harrowing machines, rollers, cu].ti-
vators),but there was a shortage of tractor-driven grain and
fertilizer sowing machines and potato planterso
14. Sowing machines designed to be drawn by horses were very. of ten
used with the tractorso There was a shortage of-new sheaf-binding
harvesters and grass-cutting machines; the old horse-drawn types
were being used with tractorso Potato and sugar~eet diggers
were also in short supply, This shortage of agriculture machines
was a bottleneck .to the pOMs because it did. not permit the P~Ms
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to use -their full pot~entlalo Furthermore, the low-quality of the
har~restn~ ,.machines also disecauraged ,the private farmers from
hiring the PO~IsB services because the machines very often broke
down, The machine park ?f th,e CfOMs consisted mainly of horse-
driven agriculture machines which were confiscated b the
went. from y govern-
.private farmers i'n 198, mainly very old machines of
Oman production, s.nd could not be regarded as efficient. pn
the average, the wo'rks~iops of the POMs were well equipped with
-new machine tools .and workshop equipment- or with older t3rpes ~-hieh
had been transferred from TOR establishtnentso The POMs? workshops
did not Barry out capital repairs on tractors; the tractors were
Bent to a TOR erstabl3ahment for capital repairsp
~To_wnship Machine Canters (t~OM)
15o Eaeh POM evntrolled about five Township Ntachine Centers ((iminny
Osrodek ~iaszynowy-CtOM). The Township Machine Center eras usually
a small depot of horse-drawn agricultural machines. .The horses
wer? supplied by the farmers who rented: the machines. The machines
war? loaned to pri~rste farmers on payment of a ~'ee which was'es-
tabli:shsd by the ~rasidium of the Counoil of Ministers. Bach
4OM oonsisted of ~ manager, a machine station, and a workshop
and employed about five to raven men. Tha manager (Kiarownik a0M)
supervised he landing of agricultural machines according to plans
worked out by the agricultural section of the village national
eouneil, kept records and inventory,. and an account of fees paid.
He was also responsible for the maintenance and repairs oi' the
agricultural machines at his station, The a0M machine station
(Stac~a Maszyn) consis.t.ed of one. or two depots, usually a shed or
barn., uMder a guard-keeper.4 T'he 402 ~ s workshop was usually a
dormer v.3,1?1.age smithy with one blacksmith and mechanic in charge
who performed small repairs.
Pl.atsni.n~ and Its Im lementation
l6. The implementation of~the. planned development and Qxtension of the
exiting net of POMs ~vss -very difficult, , The need. 03? creating new
machine Banters bras strictly connected with, the development ~f new
production eooper.a,tive~, ; Nobody knew a year ahead howmany private.
farmers would form; new production: cooperatives or ~.oin,the existing
onesa F.or this'reason.only a.gen~ral_expansion plan. 'was worked out
at the level of the ~CZPOM .and a. tentative. location' of ne~v ~O~is was
plannedo For example, if 75 new POMs were to be erected during tl~e
next year, this. number would be provisionally distributed :~,
all the voivodshipso If there was s?me bas.is for supposing that
one particular voivodship might need, nine of the POI~s, ~ sites v~ere
chosen, and cdnstru~tion was started on only three t~f them; the re-
maining six PONts would be organised and located in some tempors~ry
sccoraa~~datica~as which would be chosen at a._ later date o In spite of
this., the. na~mber of State Niac.hine Centers created -constantl~- ex-
cceded the. number necessary for servic3.ng the production c~i+tt~pera-
tveso A~ a consequenee of this development, a number of POMs
f~aun,d themselves threatened with.. unemployment in 1952-1953 and did.
not have the opportunity to use the full. production power of their
machine parks, To be.lanee this state of affairs, many State
Machine. Crnter~ were accepting transportation vCJbs for industry.
and forestrye
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1'~. This gover~.ent :and _ the Party tried to eonvix~ce the private farmers..
of ~th~e..superiority of collective farming over indi?idual farming
and husbandry through the offices, aativit3es,and Ber~ices of the
P4Ms, The nature of th1~s con~r~.ncing acti~it~ wa.e changeable and
depended on the existing -Party policy t?r-+~rd$ the peasants a In
praatice, the provincial Part~r auth?rities ~rere respcansi'bYe? for
tie development of ec~llectivizatiQn in their areas. They exerted
an a~e~nomie pree ure against hose peaBants rr3~o were supposedly
prdnioting the eo-e~~alled class -struggle in; the villagee~. Accord-
ing to this theme, the peasants in the villages were divided
~~~~ inty three groups a small -holders . (Siedniaki ~ # medium .:faz~mers '
(3rednis.ki), and rich farmers ('gulaks or Kulak~.). The economic
pressure was used ~malr~ly against Kulaka and mediuan farmers and
.usually took the form of nvt ,allowing- them .to get ang help ;,and
r~ervice from tht POMs and c~OMs; usually by. c.hargis~g exorpitant
fees t`or? the services. There were, also c;aaes of o~t~her kinds of
pressure against those private farmers who were reluctant to loin
the production cooperativea~such as increased quotas in deiiveries~
of grain and cattle and high taxation.
1~. The .service agreements concluded between the POI~s and the pro-
duction coaperatives were the.-basis of the POMs? work. The
agr?eanents were based on work plans drawn up by the production
oooperativss and the senior agronomist, The plan Por using a
PO~f's services had to utilize the full capacity of that POMas
machine park.. This capacity was recorded. in terms of poterttial
for plowing: at an average depth. For inetancs,~it was determined
that one Ursus tractor should plow 3.56 hectares in one ~rea~rs for
planning and reo?roing purposes, all. the work done by that
tractor was converted into hours of plowing time. This was done
by calculating and assigning a plowing ti~ae , coefficient ~to every
ty~a~ of work .the tractor teas ,capabl,e of doing, A POM was. per-
mtted,to work. for private.farmers vnly.if the requirements fcr
..'~he~,.;:P~Mss services from s.ll.the production eo?peratives in the
area did not exhaust the full production capacity of the P4M,
Oa~d~g
19 a P?land, in general, did not have a 'suf ~i~cier~t. giber of trained
te-chnical~ and administrative- speaialista~, and. the situation in.
agriougture was particularly bad in this respect, The di#'fi-
culties in obtaining qualified cadres were the main ?bstaale t?
the' planned devtlopme~tt and increase of PO~isa There was an acute
and constant shortage of tractor drivers,,experieri,eed mechanics,
rQ.liable bookkeepers, properly trained agronomi.ets, and execu-
tive personnels It should be mentioned that the. situation was
aggravated by the high. demands fr~am the political authorities.
~vsry employee was assessed not only on his professional agri-
culturalor technical ability, but on his political reliability
as well with. much more stress or~~the latter, ..There were constant
changes at~ong the eacecutive persoxinel of the POMs bedause they ,
were often disqus.lified by either professional cr political in-
adequateness,
20o In order to help the POMs in their personnel and. technical prob-
lems,whiah apparently could n?t be solved by the ~inistry'of
Agriculture through official governmental channels, the PZPR
organized an action called chieftaincy (Szefostwo), under which
es,ch POM was ?9adopted~' by the nearest capable. factory, which then
CONF II)~NT IAL
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C?NF IDENTiA.L
_g..
exert sed a sort of patronage over it
Such f
t
. -
ac
orise ~ecre-then
..responsible for the effioieney of their POMs and: helped b9 assign-
ing prpperl~ trained as well 8s poll~tiaally-reliebie pers+enncl
to the POMs from their own cadres, They also helped in th'e main-
tenants and repaS~. of tractors and agricultural ms:chines. The-
effectiveness of .this method depended on the attitude. of the
factorges basic Party Organization (PodstaWOwa Or~~.t~~~ae~a
Party~na - POP), In spite of the fact that the POMs did not
always receive qualified personnel Prom -their "parent" factory,
the system proved to be of considerable help to the POMs.
Fin-
21e The CZPOM and its subordinate units were financed from the State
budget; none of the activities and. services of the POMs was based
an a profit-making principles Source did not knout the enact
figures of the State budget nor the income made by the POMs, but
he was able to produce the following general calculations;'
Estimated ExAenses
~~
Yearly salaries and WagCB far about 25,000
employees (excluding aQMs) at an average of
12,000 zlotys eaoh. ,'
..300,000,000 Zlotys
Spare parts and repair materials. ~.
150,Q00,000 Zloty$
Fuel and lubricants oonsumed oaloulated for
average d~`pth plowing of 4,000,000 hectares
at 20 zlotys per heotare.
80,000,000 Z1?tya~
Other estimat.e.d expenses o ...
(a
it
104,000,004 Zlotys
ap
nl r. ep~irs, maintenance. of b,raildingta.,
administration, transportation, etc,)
~_stimated Inoome
'~~~~ ~ 630, 000, 0~4 Z1?tys
Pees for servioes rendered by POMs oalculated
fvr 4,000,000 heotares of average depth plow-
ing at 100 zlotys per hectare. ... . .400,000,.000 Zlot.ye
Defi~+ito e e a o e o e o o e e e e e o e e ? a ?30,'000,000 zlotys
22e Each POM received the necessary credits and,~ash from the'Polish
~'ational Bank {lvgp) by..presenting a statement of work performed,
The bank collected the fees for servi~e~.;~endered from the pro-
duction cooperat3ve~s_ar~dother custom~r~,,b~t the POMs did not
have the right to dispose-of those sums, It shauld'be'addtd, that
the instructions and advice given by the agronomists were-given
free, and all political activity, which involved a lot?of travel-
ing, increased the expensese
~3e The necessity of making. the POMs independent-.from their~incorne
was also shown b the olicy of payments far services rendered,
comments on officially published price
fists xe y e .government for POM and~(~OM services.
CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
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a, The published price list of fees for POi~s 9 servic,+~~ indicated
"that the `production cor~peratives paid about 5096 .less than
~rgll and ~edi> pr3~rate farx~ers e For acme services
to 'be paid i:n cassh and about:. 2 75;~ had.
, _ 5~6 "irk grain o ,
'ba The price list for POMse services showed a political blase.
It did-not mention the service for Kulaks at all and favored
the production cooperativeso
co The price list far renting agriculture machines from Q4Ms
underlined .the political intent even more, Sr~rall..and Medium
.farmers ,had to pay an average :rrf about 50~ less :titan Kulaks.;..
~'~'. thre~~ttng -grain, Kulaks had to pay about 3096 of the fee '.
in :grain :and about 70~ in :sash:, Ts.king -.into account the fact
that free market prices:far grain were about three times
higher ths:n-those paid by the State sales agencies, ?the .fees
paid by the Kulaks were approximately 1OOy~ higher than the
" fees paid by the small and medium farmers,
de "The prices fixed by the government for so-called neighborly
aid, particularly those paid. by the small farmers to the
Kulaks, were very low in aomparieon with the fees paid by
the Kulaks for POMs~ services, They had tv be paid in cash,
Conclusion
24. Up to 1954, eaaording to souse, the CZPOM was neither efficient
nor suaaeesful n fulfilling its mission o.f promoting the struc-
tural development of agriculture. The results aahiewed in the
economic .fief"d and in the pol,i.tiaal .ind.oc~rination of -.the
were. still meager,. mainly. because off' a.ahortage of qualifiedesants
pere~onnel o . As far, as .the.. agri.eulture services were co~iaerned,
the existing number of POMs~.was-capable of aulti~vatng at .least
100 more ls~rid than. .the, pr?ducti.a~n cooperatives pos.sess,ed in
1954? an spite of this, the CZPOM shpuld be regarded as`a very
important instru~ent of the Ccrnmunist regime in, Poland o A fur-
ther. in,ten.~,iv~e development of -the. POMP,, up to the .po~.nt where
the.y.had 40-50,000 tractors and"thq necessary trsator=drawn
agriculture machines, would. enable the POMs tp e.ulti.vate five
to sax. millian..hectares of land in. one year. and- give the r~'gime
the matins for carrying out .the full collectivisation of Polish
agriculture,
.CONFIDENTIAL
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CDNF IDFs~tTIAL
f~rganizational Chart of the Central Administration of State
l~i~.ehine Centers tCZPOM~ and Subordinate Ageneiesa
~'rss~d~lum of the
Council of Ministers
Nt3,nistry of
Agriculture
astral ~ffirtl
Planning
Seotion
Personnel
.._.$ee ian_
Chief Director
for Exploitation
So Technical Matters
DeputyChief D a
for Investments
8~ Su~n1i' ~.., ...
Tnveetment
So
Supplies
_Sea.t.io.ns ..
,.
D~egu'ty fief D,
for. Exploi~tla-
Technical
Exploitati?n
Voivodship~
- National Council.;
Administration i
~f Agriculture..;
r_ County National.
.. .. ~.~~anc1l
Administration __,
of Agriculture,
Voivodship
Administration
of-State Machine
Centers _
Finance
Administrative
n_~j rs a a
Voivodship
Administration
of State Machine
Centers... - _ --
rganization
~n~
Political
Director
Voivodship
Committee
of PZPR
_Sta~e- - -- -- -
MachTTine dent
~1Y0 o e a ..
Sta~_e-
Mach~ne Ce~:ter~
Noaaa
Village Natia~al~
Council
Agricultural Comm -
t~ o t~
Township
Machine
Center
Township.
Machine
_ Center.
CONFIDEiVTIAL
Hof ;7. P~[~M
Chief
Finance..
Director
oun y
_ Committe~
State ~,i PZ,_PR_,.,'
~-..Machine Gentei
No~a6
Towne ip
Machine
enter
Township
Machine
Center
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CONFIDENTIAL
-12-
Organizational Chart of a State Machine Center (POM)
Voivodship
Administration of
State Machine Centers
/ nireotor
f State Machine
--Center/POM
County
Committee
of PZPR
S
_
Social
Counoil o
tate Mach
. __ Center
f
ine
enior
A ronomiet
Se
Moc
nior
ha
Chief
ookke
P
olitical
L1e
Regional
A ronomist?s
Wo
rkshop
Planning
3ectiotp
I
1.
egi
Cal
onal Polit
Ir~.structor
i~
s
-
Tractor
~
St
Personne
l
Bri ado No
a 1
o
reroom
S do
' Tractor Administra-
Brigade Noo 2 tine Section
Tractor
Brigade Noo
Tractor
Brigade No,
I Village
National Council
Agricultural
Commission
_ -Manager o f -. _.
Village Machin
.' ..............Center _
Workshop
Manager ~ o
Village Machin
Center'
Workshop
achine Stationachine Station,
Noao, Noaoa
achine Station achine Station
Noo Noo
County
National Counoil,
Adminis~rati?n
of Agriculture
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CONF ID8I3TTAL
Memory Sketch of State Machine Center No. 32 in
Mazo~riecka - Approximate Scale 145OO,lcm-5m
Tomaszow P~azo~viecl~i
t
7
CQNFIDENTIAL
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c?rr~m~rzaL
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Legend_,to l~ema.ry Sketch of 3tgte Machine
Center Na. 32 at Rawa Mazowiecka. (3ee
Page 13)
1. Rawr~'Mazow.iecka.- Tomas~zow Mazow.iecki Highway -About 12 meters
wide with paths-for oycliste on~both sides.-
.4ffiee and 'administrative building - Oae-story brick~hou~e
a~pp.=ro~c#~a~t~1~ 14 x 20 m.-, housing ?ffiaes, reare~tion roam,
end tserda .ha11 for employees.
Apartment houses for employees.-Two-story brink buildings
families
?
.
two
approximately 6 x 1Q m. ,. each usually ir~hablted by
Repair workshop anQ storeroom -One-story brick building.
approximately 20 x 44 m.,with a wide door through .which a
~traartor . could drive in. .The southern part was oaau~i,ed by ~
workshop witk~ work benahes~ on ~t~he western side 'and mac~iine
side. The n?r~hern part of the building
ths eas~ern,
on
ls
to~
.
.
.
.
.was separated by a brick t~sll and used. partly for storing spare
parts .and repair materia~.s'.
Shed. and garage for tractors .and agricultural machines - One-story.
brisk bui ding of about .12 x l~j m, partly .with open ita.lls and
only :a roof above it.
guard . hsause - Wooden barrack., about: 5 x 5 m. , 1?~cated at the
,gate.. This gate was guarded by an armed ,guard.
Wire-met fence around the whole compound of the POM,;
COI~1F IDENT IAI,
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