1. POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 2. POPULAR ATTITUDES 3. COMMENTS ON STATEMENTS OF FORMER MIG PILOT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000300050010-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 3, 2013
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: December 17, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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?77gEaRST,
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? COUNTRY Poland
SUBJECT 1. Political, Economic, and Social Conditions
2. ?popular Attitudes
3. Comments on Statements of Former MIG Pilot
DATE OF INFORMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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DATE DISTR. 17 DO. 1950
NO. OF PAGES 14
REFERENCES:
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Political Conditions
1, Ru140E Groups
the system functioned exactly like a military-organiiation.
Everything was done through channels. Any information to be passed on
to the lowest unit of an organization was sent down through the various
intermediary units and any move initiated by the lowest units had to
receive the approval of the top echelon through channels. This chain
of command, although operating splendidly, is
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50:00 a-deterrent in affectingany great changes in Poland.
absolutely no changes. However, unusually high tension was
in all departments and throughout all government agencies.
exactly what to say or what Might happen after the death of
? Fear, it seemed, gripped most of the officials.
Every organization in Poland is subOrdinate to the Communist Party,
PZPR (Polish United Workers' Party), not functionally but p01i-
.50:00 tidally. No moves are made by any government agency
regardless of its level without e now e ge and approval of that
Patty. A member of the PZPR Executive works with the mass organizations
such as the ZMP,(Association of Polish Youths), LK (Women's League),
? LPZ (League Of Soldiers) Friends), and the CRZZ (Central Council of
Trade Unions). The Patty, in maintaining contact with the various mass
widespread
NO one knew
Stalin.
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organizations, alleged that it does
directives but merely gives guidance.
the PZPR official pronouncements
everyone knows that it is really
After Stalin's death the press devoted
people requested admission into the
situation was entirely different,
not dictate any policy or issue any
despite
regarding its function as an advisor,
the top agency, the controlling force.
much space to the fact that
Party'. the
however.
Of
the 350 officials in the Ministry of
Power no
even one
had asked to be admitted into
the Party. The
bers before Stalin's
0 or 90 men
were already Party mem-
death.
A powerful whip wielded by the various agencies in Poland, from the
50:00 tinistri west level, is the so-called Paragraph 32 of
the Code
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This Paragraph may be used an ls
used to keep employees in line. According to the provisions of Para-
graph 320 an employer who for any reason whatsoever wants to get rid
of an employee can easily do so. Some of the provisions of that Para-
graph constituting grounds for dismissal are disloyalty, laziness,
uncooperativeness, tardiness, and hundreds of other unimportant causes.
The application of this Paragraph can cause quite a bit of discomfort
and hardship to an employee. The employer can very easily discharge
an employee. As a result the employee loses his right to the housing
furnished by this or that ministry. It does not mean, however, that
he will lose his housing facilities completely, but it does mean that
he may be moved out into the outskirts and receive comparatively bad
living quarters. In addition to that, when applying for a job somewhere
else he will find it difficult to get employment because the information
concerning his past will be transferred to the new employer.
Because of the check and double check from top to bottom and vice versa
any suggestion of a change in the government would be readily known.
Boleslaw BIERUT did not lose any power as a result
?Of the governmental reorganization following the October 1952 elections.
Although his title had been changed from that of President of the Polish
Peoples' Republic to that of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, i.e.
Prime Minister he did not surrender any power; if anything, he became
stronger. He is still the First Secretary of the PZPR. Incidentally,
his name of BIBRUT was, according to rumors, derived by combining the
first syllable of two other Polish names -- Bie of Biernacki, his
mother's name; and the rut of Rutkowski, his realfamily name.
The
ruling group
Edward ?CHAS,
GEDE. It is
this group.
the following men comprising the elite of the
Ln Poland: ZAWADZKI (Chairman of the Council of State),
JEDRYCHOWSKI16SZYR, SKRZESZEWSKI, BERMAN, and Tadeusz
self-evident that B/ERUT and ROKOSSOWSKI head
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It appears that JEDRYCHOWSKI and GEDE are steadily growing in power.
Hilary MINC of the State Economic Planning Commission appears to be on
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in that.office. For instance, all correspondence sent from the Minis-
try of Power to the State Economic Planning Commission was, for the past
year or so, addressed to SZYR and not to MINC.
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MINC fell into disfavor after issuing the report-
in the fall of 1952 -- on the extent of the Capital investments and the
much-too-rapid tempo of collectivization of the village. Despite the
reasonableness of his theory, the government condemned his statements
AS not being in line with the planned policy. For several months after
Making the Oonouncements MINC was supposed to be ill. Rumors had it ?
tibtk,t he was ousted, that he was imprisoned, et cetera. However, he is .
back at the job but no longer is he the guiding light in the State
Economic Planning Commission, The state recognizes his abilities and
considers him as an outstanding economist but is retaining him only
as an advisor.
whereas GOMULKA was a somewhat
fearless, self-assertive person who remained adamant in his decisions,
MINC is tractable and willing to carry out the state and Party directives
even though he personally objects to them. He is permitted to remain
as the nominal head of the State Economic planning Commission but with-
out any Voice in policy making. Moreover, if someone could be found
who possesses MINC's know-how, MINC without doubt would be thrown out.
.? COntrols
the Soviets
ou come occas onally but only in an advisory capacity -- and at the
Invitation of the Minister, the older ministries had
w la
permanent Soviet advisors; however,
The Soviets try to be extremely discreet in those matters,
realizing that they are not welcome in Poland.
As a rule, also, Soviet experts are present at the various sessions of
the PKPG (State Economic Planning Commission) to help set up projects
and plans in Poland; however, these experts are there at the invitation
of one of the departments or ministries. Every director really wel-
comes the proposals, advice and suggestions of the Soviets at the
drafting table, not so much because he values their expert aid but
simply because a Soviet signature affixed to the proposals and plans can
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Offer him a large measure of security and can easily absolve him from
any guilt in the event something goes askew in the implementation of
those plans. In a system wherein someone must take the ultimate blame,
as is the case in Poland, it is desirable to have the Soviet experts to
fall back on. 50:0
Then again,
every other Pole knows that the strong hand in
Moscow moves its pawns in Poland to suit Moscow's whims.
did not observe any change in tactics or propaganda in Poland after
Stalin's death; the same old line is still preached: steadily increasing
and continuous vigilance, preparedness against attack by the West.
There are the ceaseless, close checks by the UB (Security Police).
On the point of constant vigilance,
? 50X1 In May 1953 a 28-year-old ZMP member had attended a
political training course at the headquarters of the provincial
committee of the FUR in Warsaw. The Party speaker told the audience
that they must constantly be on guard to ferret out Poland's enemies
and to see to it that they are brought before the court of justice.
The speaker said that the enemy works in many devious ways ancL that
.50X1 the citizenry of Poland should never let its guard down. The enemy
lurks everywhere.
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Soviets were i
bers and were firmly entrenched.
3. Security
Industries in large nut-
10,000
plain clothes militia throughout Warsaw.
there are
the pay was extremely low (amount not men-
tioned)
identification card.
Ithere is no Pole now who does not have a personal
.1c3e ID card was made
or olive cloth material and that it?Wti.e?either lacquered or impregnated,
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the exact size of the card
estimated to be eight inches by five when opened. The front of the
falded card was stamped with the seal of the Polish
Government. On page one of the inside was a photograph of the bearer;
an important feature of the photograph was that it must show one ear.
Underneath the photograph was the signature of the bearer and below
that were the personal data. The photograph was stamped with a raised
seal. The second page of the inside contained fingerprints of the
index and long finger (sic) of the right hand. The back cover of the
identity card had space provided for the notations and seal of the
employer.
The personal identification card must be carried at all times. The
Party membership card is never to be shown as an identity card.: It
is not even used for gaining entry into the KGPZPR.
Travel in Poland is not forbidden; any Pole can buy a ticket to any
50X1 point in Poland However, to enter a border area a
traveller must meet one requirement; namely, he must procure a letter
from his place of employment stating that the traveller is going, to
the border area for a specified number of days. If the visit to the
border area is for seven days or less, the letter from the employer is
the only requirement one has to satisfy; there is no reporting out of
one's district and into the frontier. If the visit is to exceed ?
seven days, the prospective traveller must, in addition to procuring
the letter, report his intended temporary absence to his local housing
office, and upon arrival in the frontier zone be must report to that
housing office and to the militia. A visitor is permitted to remain
in a frontier zone not more than 20 days.
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previous to the issuance of personal identifi-
cation cards rumors had it that travel would be restricted in Poland
after everyone had his identity document. This was only a rumor, however;
Furthermore, if anything were stirring
along this line only a very few people in the government hierarchy
would know about it; even the ministers are unaware of any impending
changes. In this connection the example of a
currency reform which took place in octoper or 1950. Only a very
small clique knew of this impending change.
everyone leaving Poland must leave the identity
card and other documents in Poland. Nothing but the passport is per-
mitted to be taken out of Poland.
the passport office
Is under the supervision of the UB. Passports are not issued
by the foreign office but by the Ministry of Public Security.
Checking of travellers at control points throughout Poland is irregular.
However, one must be prepared to be checked at all times.
At frontiers the WOP
50:00 Military Frontier Guards) checks all railroad cars and compartments
Very thoroughly. Railroad trains leaving Poland have practically no
passengers
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4.
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?
No,cameras were ever allowed
at the frontiers.
if a person were an
excellent skier and knew the terrain he could very easily flee into
Czechoslovakia without being detected.
Resistance
the personnel
cniei irom some unnamed bureau in Gdansk intended to go to Bialystok
in June 1953 to settle some official matters; however, he decided
against that trip because he had heard that gangs hiding out in the
woods near Bialystok had been attacking travellers.
hospital in
Katowice, about one half of the beds in that
30--bed wara were occupied by miners; there was a tremendous number of
tine accidents. These accidents, however, are never published -- no
one ever dares to discuss thet. the
Miners complain very much about the lack of safety measures in the
mines and the poor equipment that they must use
young army boys are sent to the mines mainly to set a pace.
These young boys work hard and very fast; they raise the norms And
thereby make it difficult for older miners to maintain the pace and
fulfill their norms. This speed-up results in less and less concern
for the miners' Welfare, miners are very
disgruntled about the situation.
The poor quality production and the increased number
or rejects are the result of the general speed-up and the endeavor to
fulfill norms for premiums; they cannot be attributed to sabotage.
There may be a case here and there of sabotage, at intentional poor
workmanship, but these indidents are rare.
Plans Must be fulfilled, and in their fulfillment quality suffers;
the haphazard nature of production is due to the urgency of meeting
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materials, the product will go on the market no
one takes any interest in his work.
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Status of the Church
the churches
were always crowded; they were much more crowded now than before the
war, the present attendance in the churches has
increased about 30* over that in prewar Poland. attributed in-
creased attendance to two factors: (a) the people regard the Church
as a bulwark of opposition to the regime; and (b) it is natural for
a person to seek solace in relimion in times of stripsin
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_ the position of the Church
the late Cardinal Sapieha's funeral in July 1951.
Cardinal Sapieha's body was lying in state for three days and two
nights in a church located near the Wawel in Krakow.
There was very little space devoted to the Cardinal's obituary in the
Polish press. Announcement of the funeral was not broadcast; yet, the
funeral attracted About 300,000 people, a figure which is equal to the
total population of Krakow.
When the body was taken to the Wawel at 1600 hours on the third day,
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tIlay tried hard to be as inconspicuous as possible.
50X1 marVelous order and discipline among the people throughout the entire
funeral procession, this orderly behavior of the people
50X1 and the scarcity and inconspicuousness of the militia at this funeral
Point out the difference between the behavior at this ceremony
50X1 and the May 1 or other similar state parades. During those
? state parades the militia was ubiquitous and the people were mauled,
50X1 shoved, and treated like cattle; the masses were forced to be present
at these affairs. The behavior at the funeral cortege, however, re-
50X1 fleeted the solemnity and respect befitting a departed high church
dignitary. What is more, attendance was not compulsory.
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Cardinal Sapieha's funeral, although a
magnificent demonstration of the high regard of the Poles for the
Cardinal, was, at the same time one of the greatest anti-regime manifes-
tations in postwar Poland,
from a high Party officialFi?Krakow is one bastion (of
tr
the Church) which will be difficult for e regime to wipe out.
the present arrests of_lerax_in_
Poland will increase the people's opposition to the regime.
"What will the West do to help?" During periods of unrest, among them
the present Church trials the people -- vast numbers of them -- listen
to foreign broadcasts in the hope of hearing some concrete words of
encouragement from the West.
"Priests-Patriots" in Poland.
only a few of the priests joined that organi-
zation because they thought it was a truly patriotic one. Most of them
joined because of political expediency, hoping thereby to help them-
selves of the Church or both.
Rev. Dr. SZYMECZKO taught religion in the
State Crafts School in Krakow from 1940-1945
At that time Rev. Dr. SZYMECZKO was loved by all who knew him. He was
well educated, intelligent, and extremely friendly. Strangely*, this
priest joined the "Priests-Patriots".
the priest
seems to De struggling within himself, as though he realizes that he
plunged in by mistake and now cannot extricate himself.
the Poles will never aaree to the subivaation nf thp
Church.
armed opposition is out of the question.
However, with proper timing the Americans could enter the scene and save
the situation.
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Status of Jews
Immediately after the war in 1945 there was no antipathy toward the
50X1 Jews, the Poles were very iympathetio.tOward them and
treated them as a group which deserved much consideration. They realized
the extent of .the suffering Which the Jews experienced. However, in
? time this sympathy gradually began to change and now has grow to a
? point of bitter hatred toward the Jewry. following
50X1. reasons for this change of attitude of the Poles toward the Jews:'
:(a) according to general Polish opinion there is no Jew In Poland Te41,0
does not occupy some sort of government Job regardless of hia'Oaiifi-
oations, be he stupid or unusually clever; and (b) all the Jews seem,
to fare well economically. They exhibit a tremendous' amount of Olinnish!-
50X1 ness. Almost all of the Jews are in the,Partyk membership in the -Party
enables them to know the ins and outs of the Party operations, and
guide their behavior accordingly.
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Because of the'close ,
connection with tna-moTrxIftg#-of the Party and government they know when
to praise and when to condemn. They are in a position to take advan-
tage of every opportunity0
if all the Jews were arrested in Poland, no Poles.
wol4la now show any sympathy toward them. In fact the Poles would hp' /
very pleased, I
There is no truth whatsoever to the rumors that the Jews are being dis-
charged from offices' in Poland,' in fact, their lot is
improving daily in comparison with that of the Poles.
50X1 The Jews did most of the talking at meetings and appeared to be the
more ardent supporters of the regime, of the Party, and of the prin-
50:0 ciples which are supposed to be advanced at those meetin s. A
number of Jews are in the UB.
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7. Recovered Territories
; in the
every.
Pole is aware of the fact that tne present borders n the West are not'
permanent and that corrections will be made. The Poles realize that
Poland does not have much to say in the matter of determining borders
and that it is only a pawn of the world power.
50X1 The Polish regime is making relatively few investments
in the "Recovered Telnrltories" in the West; perhaps the official opinion
50X1 coincides with that of the Polish man in the street regarding the tenure
of that territory.
50:0 The regime is not making any improvements or carrying or ami buildina
in the East Prussian areas; the reason for that
is that that area is not profitable either agriculturally or industrially.
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Economic and Social Conditions
1. Living Conditions
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The higher officials of the government are driven to and from work.
They have special medical dispensaries known as the "Omega", where
they do not have to wait in line as the average Pole does at other
dispensaries.
the members of the UB and the army officers
still receive preferential treatment. They can
enop in special, comparatively well-equipped stores where the prices
are relatively lower and the goods are somewhat better.
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Food poses quite a problem in Poland nowadays.
about r of the courses
listea on a menu are unobtainable most of the time. The foods are taste-
less and not nourishing because they contain no fat.r;---normal meal
cost
17 zlotys. It usually consisted of a bowl o watery soup,
a vet1in pork or veal cutlet, some boiled potatoes, and cabbage.
2. Medical Care
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Medicine has been completely socialized in Poland. Private treatment
50:0 is still available but very rare a doctor will make a
private call only if he is a very good friend of the patient's. The
50:0 doctors do not conduct private practice for two reasons: first, their
state work consumes most of their time, and, second, the income derived
from private practice is taxed very high.
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.Socialized medicine in Poland is not successful. The doctors are over-
worked; they have too many patients, and are occupied with an abnormal
amount of bureaucratic formalities. The Source said he could not under-
stand why it is that all the doctors are so unusually busy and yet
the people are not able to receive the necessary medical attention.
The number Of patients is steadily increasing.
In case of illness a person must first go to his district doctor. There
he may sit for three, four, or more hours before he is waited on. He
may not even be waited on that day; it is quite normal for patients to
'spend two or more days before they are treated.
Then again, the patient will have difficulty in having his prescription
filled at the pharmacy. The doctor may prescribe only medication con-
tained on the list approved by the state; he may not prescribe foreign
brand' medications.
Whenever a person goes to a pharmacy with a prescription, more often
than not he wiill be given some substitute and will be told that the
prescribed medication is unavailable atthe time. Prescriptions are
difficult to fill because, as a rule, a certain ingredient or two is
always lacking. Quite often the doctors recommend medication from
abroad because it is unavailable in Poland; such'recommendations
ever, are made unofficiall and c identiall
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All hospitals are overcrowded. The average person must wait his turn
to be admitted Generally, seriously injured persons
Are admitted immediately. However, because of the shortage of hospital
space, they are often discharged from the hospital before they are
completely cured.
the health services
3.
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Coal
as macabre.
being transported to the USSR.
the Polish coal industry produces about 70 million tons annually
The electrical power supply con-
sumes only about JA or it. Moreover, it uses a very low grade of coal
better known as sludge. The population uses very little coal.
)al to Czechoslovakia, Aust
most of the Polish coal was
Popular. Attitudes
comment regarding the types of Poles
In Poland at the present time, there are (1) the hypocrites
and-(2) the ignoramuses. The hypocrites
are those who are well aware o e situation in Poland
and would like to see complete changes brought about but, because their
hands are tied and they are helpless, play along with the situation.
There are unfortunately a greater number of the second category who
take as law everything that is said by the press, by the Party and by
the regime. There were more of the second class in 1946, 1947 and
1948. However, more and more of these are falling
into thehypocrite class. They read more but believe less.
the reaction of the Poles at the "OTO AMERYKA"
'(This is'America) exhibition in Warsaw last fall
The faces of the visitors did not
re ec e ? sgus intended to be evoked by the exhibitions depicting
American brutality, lawlessness, dire straits of the unemployed, rule
by Wall Street, et cetera. They appeared not to be impressed by the
evils portrayed, but rather by the excellent possibilities that life
offered in America, following remarks at the
exhibit displaying the articles that alleged American parachutists
were supposed to have been caught with in northern Poland in the fall
of 1952: "Just look at that clever little camera; isn't it amazing?"
or "Look at that excellent cloth in that parachute", or "They certainly
produce the best."
lb, 1953
President Eisenhower's speech of April
only fragments of that
speech were reprinted in the Polish press from Pravda.
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m th
any people asked: "Why don't they print e entire speech in
the newspaper?"
President Eisenhower's speech was discussed at mass meetings throughout
Poland. The theme of the meetings
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Presideht Eisenhower was forced to utter those words under pressure
of the growing "forces of peace".
The Polish regime is constantly sowing hatred toward the West, which in
50X1 practice is strictly a warlike policy. On the other hand, it 'preaches
50X1 peace, it maintains Consistency
in uttering inconsistencies.
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the average Pole does not place any faith in any
agreements contracted between the West and Moscow. Moscow's aim is
world domination, and any agreements contracted by her are not worth the
time and effort devoted to the drafting of tlife agreements. Moscow
Should never be trusted
The average Pole did not place much importance
on President Eisennower's speech because he is convinced that the West
cannot get together with Moscow -- that Moscow and the West are just
biding time.
reaction of the Poles to President Eisen-
. nower's reference to Poland's right of self-determination.
the official reply was that Poland is already an independent
and free country; the people, on the other hand, were extremely delighted
to hear and read about the President's comments on that point0
bow the Polish soldiers would behave if war broke
olku. the soldiers' behavior would depend upon a given situation.
If there were all-Polish units which did not have any Soviet troops
immediately behind them, not one Polish soldier would fire on the Western
armies, especially on the American army. However, if the Polish army
is interspersed with Soviet soldiers, the soldiers
Would have no other recourse but to fire on tne western armies in order
to "save their own hides",
if a war did break out, it can be taken fdr-VAnted that the Polish
units would be in the front lines., with the:Russian officers and ele-
ments of the MVD closely behind them.
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The Polish boy nowadays enters the army unwillingly. The civilians
have no confidence in or respect for the army. They are all aware of
the fact that the officers in the Polish army are political agents, be
they Soviet or Polish officers. The Poles do not consider their army
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peasantry or rrom the labor class; he knows that his family does not
fare well economically, that he is fighting for the USSR, and that the
USSR is responsible for the terrible fate of the Poles at present.
500 If and when the opportune moment arises,
soldier will definitely attack the armies of the USSR.
for the Soviets in Poland.
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the Polish
There is no love
in Krakow in February 1945 when the Germans were evacu-
ating and the Red Army was entering that city the Poles
felt sad -- very sad, strange as it may seem -- to see the Germans
leave. Under the Germans the Polish society remained a well-knit
entity; one could talk freely in his group against the Germans and
know that he would not be denounced. Under the German occupation the
Poles did not have to exercise too much caution because they knew their
enemies, the denounoers. The arrival of the Russians -- bitter, life-
long enemies of Poland -- was to usher in a period of cruel enslavement
and a police state system under which one's enemies would not be known.
When elements of the Polish army were entering Krakow from the east,
close on the heels of the Soviets, the people showed no enthusiasm
whatsoever. The people were aware that those Polish soldiers repre-
sented not Poland but the USSR.
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and
the
pro-
been free
As it is,
Poland does not border a free,
American country. Were that the case, Poland would have
independent Immediately after the war or soon thereafter.
Poles are steadily losing hope of liberation.
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in discussing the chances of the USSR and the
United States
of the USSR.
in the next war felt that time was a ng on the side
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the intelligentsia
were of
certain that
the opinion that the USSR would strike as soon as it was
"
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it had perfected the atomic or hydrogen bomb and could catch the United
States off guard. The USSR is working feverishly and sacrificing ten
million or more people in an attempt to develop these atomic weapons.
.Although the USSR will have a smaller stockpile of these weapons and
?
although these weapons will have been more crudely made than those of
the United States, the USSR will make a surprise attack on the United
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States -- and in the next war the first move may be the decisive one.
Comments concerning, Statements made b former Polish MIG Pilot
Lieutenant Jarecki0 and Printed-in the New or era s r une, Par s
2dition, on September 1, 1953.
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1.
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On November 30 1953, Lieutenant
Jarecki's statements appeared in the above-mentioned newspaper
under the heading of "A Formula for Polish Liberation". I
..ESTABLISH FREE ARMIES FOR EVERY SATELLITE COUNTRY
the establishment of a Polish army within the framework of:
the United Nations completely proper and even necessary. This move
50X1 would find a very favorable reaction among the Poles as a whole, espe-
cially among those living under the Soviet regime. Moreover, it would
'solve the problem of finding employment for many people who, as
skilled workers, do not have the opportunity of getting a Job very
easily in the West. Furthermore, it can be taken for granted that the
number of escapees from Poland would increase as a result of this move.
? "However, this action of creating a Polish army should be linked with
the -organization of the future United States of Europe; then, every
Pole would be convinced that this army will speed up the building of
a new, really good life within the framework of those states.
"In the event of war such an army would without the slightest doubt
weaken the spirit of the armies of the satellite countries."
2. 'DESTROY THE pRESTIGE OF THE PRESENT SATELLITE GOVERNMENT
50X1 - "It is difficult to talk about the prestige of the 'Polish
Government' in presen Poland in view of the fact that everyone knows
that it is a Soviet agency. However, the propaganda that Poland is
completely subservient to Russia -- that it really is the 'eighteenth'
Soviet republic -- should be so intensified in the other countries in
*hid) Poles reside as to make that fact perfectly obvious."
GUARANTEE FREEDOM TO ALL COMMUNIST ESCAPEES
"This point IS certainly justified -- especially since 90% of the
Party members are hypocrites; they are in the Party not because of
conviction but because of expediency. There is no doubt that the escape
of each Party member would reverberate a thousandfold and would evoke
an avalanohe of comments -- not to mention the fact that an escape of
a Party member who occupied a high-ranking position in the government
would be a nation-wide sensation in Poland.
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-OFFER THOSE WHO DESERT AN ATTRACTIVE POLITICAL ASYLUM
"This is a very fine point. It is the general opinion in Poland that
only highly skilled men -- and engineers at that -- have the best chance
of making good after escaping from Poland. Other professional men,
especially those from the field of humanities, do not have the same
opportunities. Refugee medical doctors, for example, must first under-
go nostrification of their degrees. This question is of especial impor-
tance with respect to degrees from academic achools.
"The idea of nostrification is an archaic remnant. It arose as a measure
of defense against the influx of specialists from other countries and
as a means of discouraging its people from studying in foreign countries;
monetary considerations were also involved.
"There is no doubt that a Pole's stay in either Germany or France does
not offer any special attraction. As far as Germany is concerned, the
feeling of the Poles is rather hostile, especially taking recent history
into account.
_ The sole aim of every Pole is to get
_
to the United States, a country in which he is certain that he will fare
well. It is known, however, that it is not easy to get to the United
States. It is also well known in Poland that thousands of Poles are
Waiting in Germany for the moment when they will emigrate to the United
States, i.e. waiting for the permission to emigrate; before they can
get that permission they must have plenty of ready cash both for trans-
portation to the United States and for the carry-over period between
their landing and their first pay envelope.
"In the light of the foregoing, a Pole's escape to the West is like a
plunge into the deep; he does not know whether or not he will be able
to swim to safety."
RADIO PROPAGANDA MUST STRESS DETAILS OF LIBERATION
"This point has its merits and ties in very closely with the preceding
one. The radio should devote series of broadcasts to acquainting the
Poles with the manner in which the human being is treated in the United
States; it should contrast the treatment he receives in the States and
the treatment he receives in the Communist countries. This theme is
also a very fertile field for the general type of propaganda. The earning
power, purchasing power, and the general working and living conditions
of the American worker should be contrasted with that of the worker in
Communist countries. Comparisons like the ones made by Mr. Dulles should
be a subject of regular broadcasts."
?AMERICANS SHOULD SEND AS MANY PACKAGES TO IRON CURTAIN PEOPLE AS THEY
POSSIBLY CAN
"This is a good point. The articles which manage to get through to
Poland are unusually popular. The regime is aware of this popularity
of the United States and is doing its utmost to offset it. Many
satirical plays use the 'cheap junk' sent from the States as a theme;
the press devotes many articles to the subject. 'Despite these efforts
on the part of the regime, the 'cheap junk' is welcomed by everyone
in Poland."
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Comments
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Hilary MINC's position in the government at
present is weak and uncertain. This view, apparently shared by
the average Pole, is based mainly on rumor.
the West knows very little about
the inner operations of the satellite countries despite the fact
that much has been and is being written on that subject.
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