A BRIEF DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIESELS ABROAD OCEAN GOING VESSELS OF THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 25, 2012
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: August 27, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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A Brief Description and Characteristics of the Diesels
Ab~a'oad Ocean Going Vessels of the USSR
Bys N. I. KolychyeV
Sudovye Dizeli, Oborongix, Moscow, l9L6
'STAT
STAT
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STAT
CRA?TLR IX
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS Qi' THE DIESELS
J~BQARD OC~~AN ~~OIIVG VESSE~~-S 0~' ~'I~E USSR
SLOW SPEED TnO CYCLE HEAVY DUTY, SINGLE ACTION DIESELS
The RDw21.~O0 Cprn re5sor Engine oe L ?-1
MM~MMMMaM.MN
This is a six cylinder, reversing, crosshead type of
engine. A longitudinal section of this Diesel appears in Figure
191, [Figures numbered below 191 and referred to in the text below
are in previous chapters and not part of the present translation.]
while a cross section along the working cylinder is shown in
Figure 192 4
The engine casing is of the open type and is composed of
12 individual cast iron and bored columns the inside of which corm-
nects with the scavenging air receiver.
The scavenging air receiver runs all the way around the
engine and is corilposed of separate sections of square contour, of
cast iron, and for greater facility of adjustment these are separated
by Vwshaped gaskets of cast iron which are located between the coupling
flanges of the colwnns (in the upper part) and the flanges of the
individual sections, By binding together all the columns, the re'-
ceiver enhances the longitudinal resistance of the engine Between
the second and third, and also between the fourth and fifth cylinder,
both branches of the r eceiver are joined by means of connecting
pipes] Mounted at both ends of the engine, on the receiver, are the
two safety valves. The receiver section b x h 21i. x li.3 centimeters.
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'i re 1The compressor type,. two stroke, single acting
engine, by the "Russkiy disc))' plant, `RD-21-.QU (longi~
, produced.
tudinal section) ,
ompressar type, two stroke, single; acting engine,
n usski disel' plant. RD-?200 (cross section
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The cylinders are of cast iron. ach of the cylinders
to two columns with the atd o:f bored pins. Inside one
is secured
of the pins of each cylinder are mounted the seed valves which
regulate the how of scanvenging air from the receiver. The oy''
?
Zlnders are provided with ports or the scouring away of scale
keto Protectors, that is, zinc plates are fastened
from the outer jas
to the part covers on the side where the water is to be f oundr
The scavenging system is a product of the Russkiy Dizel1
Plant. The height of the scavenging ports is 190 millimeters,
that is 0,22 S.
The cylinder liners are of cast iron and the area of the
lather about the ports (there are seven scavenging ports and four
exhaust ports) 7.s packed with one rubber and two brass rings (see
Figure 3) on either side (in a rising order) o The lower part
?' the liners is provided with two double cast fori oil scraper
f
o
rings which press inward and intercept the dirty of which is
drained off into a tai{` through a pipe. Such an arrangement makes it
possible to reduce the length of the liner and to dispense with the
oil scraper at the lower end of the piston
The bedplate is an iron casting and consists of three
sections which are made fast with the aid of vertical flanges
The lower bushings of the bedplate bearings are of
and bolts.
cosr, iron, lined with babbitt, and are water cooled. The upper
bushings he been dispensed with, and the babbitt directly lines
r
~,v
the cast iron cap of the bearing. The bushings are without oil
oil is delivered into the coolers of the liners from
gTDoves. The
the pressure tank by gravity and additionallY from the central drip
s
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lubricator (individual 1brication).
The crankshaft is forged from carbon steel and is made
up for three interchangeable parts' in each of
which the cranks
are mounted at en angle of 180 degrees with respect
to each other.
All the parts are flange coupled and bolted at an a~ of ,,le ~ of 120
degrees@ The diameter of the crank a.ns is '
p X00 millimeters the
length of the shaft being 11,025 millimeters. The web thickness
is 220 rriillimeters, and the width 600 millimeters. The flange
diameter is 690 millimeters, its thickness 115
. millimeters. Where
are 12 bolts, with a diameter of 63 nillimeters
(see Figure 193).
During the forward run, the order of ignition in the case
of a clackcuise rotation is '!he
...length of the crarkw
pans is 1a,6S millimeters.
on all sections of the crankshaft for the sake of interw
changeability there is a place for the worm
gear which drives the
control and vertical shafts. The length of this worm gear is
135 millimeters, and there is a groove for the spline
Friar
to the introduction of modern design, the crankpins used to be
lubricated with centrifugal lubricators where
the oil was fed by
gravity?
The weight of the crankshaft is l9~Li. meterso
The shaft reversing mechanism is located on
the rear end
of the engine and is actuated by a 5 horsepower
electromotor. It
causes the shaft to reverse 360 degrees within
5 minutes, At the
rear end of the crankshaft is to be found; a cast iron
.,flywheel..
to facilitate engine startang? The dine ter of the flywheel is
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and the weight 6,83 toiis? The
203 meters, t11e width 0?~ meter
.
coejcient o axre arity
cast iron, each cor~~ax~si.ng
The cyla.nde~^ heads are. o~ c ..
'etY va~.ves, set far a
1 and sal
~'ue~., starting, decpmpress~.ox
pressure o Q atmosPheroso
acs,Veng' ~;
the air enters the ~ ~.n
~+'ox the decotnpress:~on ~ra~.Ve
scavenge the cylinders as the engine
air xeCe7.V"ex and serves to
is started. "~ shows the head sepsrs,'started. Figure he a,stons (Figure 7$) are cast iron and have di.smountsb~e
T p m
i.ston head. base' is ~~~
eads with with seven piston rings. The p
hea and the weight
meters thick, the jacket is 11$0 millimeters long
oi the piston is 1011 kiiagrams?
'
d for ed of carbon steel.
`the piston rid is tubular an g
It ~ ..means: of a ball and.. socket
has a diameter of 17~/7~ meters? y is channeled through the bare of
~ the rid
mechanism the. waver ~
h the openings in the crosshead p
bcin r :fed ong inso This water
thr
'stop rod is clutch coupled
serves to coal the piston head? The pi
+ fast by a castle nut..... The rod, weighs
to the crosshead and. made.
h 0 kjlogramso
The crosshead pin d,i.mensians
The crosshead
A steel cast shoe l x racE,ars r
~1aca iM x the osc
As ~~ rauult s artng_ t i5 0
' ~.rr~a
1~csa`shi r Of sarn.i.~
A, r~~zhflr~s , mocar,r2
1,~0, tan ,, C o of
the ?upu oaz~spapar ? the hack 3e
Pcrbant the in Mryak,-~ o
aril the
spaaecO~ a~~~..~rrs ~.~
bar
of ?m1 as a'~ ca""~Op
the shx ~?~ ama ?2'pac;ed 2
E~~~h~s w~rtM .~a.rc~,~~ ~ Pc2ca1` .,
rpm ra1a a~ S~aad The
daVaa~ o' saao,rW , s h&Va sxo
was, 12i 2,;ao rate smoka~'r w~n that .
O 1 hor ,~ as a h 2)e
~'r 's? Para~c~ra The h iris por tC aUst,~ 10
?rsaawar. d h?xspo s'EC~:' 8
sacnnds hoer " The w~ Pcr hoer c. fua c~7s
,moan s~ar~~ o,~ 172 g1
a`~ agns~ w ems far
s~ar'~ad e sacands far the ~ T ~'!ao,t
as~''~: anr .~reVxo~~ ,~ n6~z~as was 7
~artZng t
cold a~;
0 8
r su
1
p
,~ ? ~an~a:mo~,p
da
m Th
P
a,~.r ~r~ssu '
ra oi? g
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized
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scAv'NoaN G PUMPS
U _.x
13? past NMT
1~a past VT
Start Oi Pwflptng
flT
60 o past
d or Pp~?~g
2U? past NMI'
?
t ~~
eet.oL1
Stt off xnj
_3U0 past NMI'
~~
pas
0 past N
2
tion
End of: ~njeG
2? past VM'
0
r
a
' t' 11 ai' the "~iSflq~.~,n~~ 1t
$ a ~'esu~.t c,fi the madexn~.~abo ?
aug
or . , Ve horsepawe~~ a~ 10U ..rpm was a,ug
~.g?i.na~. a~:tpu~; of 1600 elf ect~ , ~ .. is ~'uoa.
effective hox'Sepowex' at 110 rpmd The speG;t.~
mented to 2100
oil cansumpt , pr c~ectiv'E hax'se?
dro ped from 2U to i86 grams
~.on p
? ~, :from 1.400 to ?~,1i0 k:i.].o~rxama per
power, and that of 1ubr:~cat~.ng o~ the speed othe
p r o e~,~.er , thc,
W
2J~ hour day. After replacement of the p p~, x'ose from :1.1. to ].30~ knat
s, the nunlbsr of rever Bing opera
sh p
tions w~. ? receivers rose :from 1- to
' ~thout replenishing ... the 5tar~,.,~.ng
tizrie lap
142, a 1:'educ~~i.an, also taking place in the starting
. ' ~,,tion of the Black Sea
~S
a result of sa.mi.7.r moder~. ~~~,ryak"' X ~.~t~, 1~a~rember
-l~d7hariStSnt', CNewSpaper 10
~}ieselp,
~~ e 'RD?21~.OQ increased 27
ut of the main engine S ( yp
lt;~I.U~, the, outp o amounted to 20 p errent: The
percent and the e conomie 5 effected have s~iawzl that the
rose 13 percent. Speed tests
speed of. the ship
engines were reliable ,,teady r (ith SmakeEree exhaust) at 1reliable and .. sw lion
.
~0U rated horse power. The specifac duel consump
rpm develop~g ~~ of X72 gams per e~'~ectiv~e
was l~tp gra~is per rated horsepower per houx of
,~ ~, the er~gines was 7 to 8
x The mean starting time fo
h0~epo~Ter~hou . ti me o the eng~~s
Seconds previous starting ' -
S econds as against ~~ kiiar~~~~
' p,t~.al air apressure of ~.~
Started easily' from cold at a, ~
per square centime
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 epara'te steel. suppaI'ts pro-'
~ composed of l1 s
n~
cs
Thea ~. The
se
e s at the top and bot~tom4
prided with veT~tical. fl.ang
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SINGS I~QTTON DIESELS
.a ~,eDV
two en SGT'
The Campxcasc~x yp
Ui~aelt ~~~' does rodueed by the Ru$ Y
prod
j ~1reS ~.9~ and 196)
t have a f lywhe e~. a
na
non xevexsa.ng, cxasshc~ad
~. ~ixlc is a nine cYinde~',
Thia er~~
? ? ~~anks to the .wine empl.o~gent of steel
light ei~;llttype unit ~ N
and
sc;xaes 9Q
p ratoty e is tie ,ua.'tser engine,
cas't~.n~r ,s (a p
ine bedpl.a.te is a steel castiflg and is cCmpo sed
The end
ar.~s arc c~,s~t fax ''wa C~l,i
of t WO dex a~
s ~ ps, . Of the s e our p
i~. zts, f e part)
e centers for one cy~l.indcr, and ane (th
one p~tiz~t (th , . the
a The base of
for the auxa.la.axY C~rl~.nclers (of the compressor.)
to the
to bol'~ed w~.th wood sGx'e~rS bed i$ foamed af ' thin iron plate
~?
bed a.
besets of the beda The third (from the. rear end engne bedplate
eaz'in~ " is a. ?h~'ust bearing~
The Thc the scaven~;receiver
., sr vcnga.ng air is del,iver to
ed Cl
ca
by a separate turbo pump. with two wheel stages which are ac;tuae
by a D, minute o
C e:LectriC mo'~ax, having a spend of 3000 xeval.uta.sans per
avcng~~
?tonso The
The eight of the turbo lower is about six
The :output lass. axl the blower
ressure is 1 3 ~ atrl~ospY>.exes@
~,a.z p uto The approximate
ercent of the engin outp
cones. to about 'l~ p atea?s per of feC~~ive horse-
turbo blower is 9 eL ub1C me
output of the , : suxe is re~ulsted by a
The terminal jnj eCt?on pre
the
oWexper hou~'m
p ve, s are marked by the
autamaacvengng val
Mottle val~'em tfhe
2
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E'a.grEl The 9DKV 5l/ ,olcsel (cross sect,ian)
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FIGURE 19
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
link up an off' the supports and thus fora a crankcase,
o A number
0?' the retEdJiLng bolts ara broached. On either side of the en-.
Dine crankcase are suspended light shieids
o This. design makes it
easier to cast individual parts of the crankcase and also s
,,a to prow
cess the parallel, guides,
The cylinders (1) are individu~. steel castings, secure
d by
pins to the upper crankcase flange with the
aid of a. lower :Clange.
The liners (3) are perlite castings The
site where the liners
pass through the port area is packed with cupruite split rings
and
with rubber rings. The crosspieces between
the ports on the liner
are provided with bores for the cooling water sealed on the lower
flange with the aid of threaded plugs.
The upper' edges of the upper scavenging ports (1i) are
located 16; millimeters from the extreme do
wnstroke position, Of
the piston while the edges of the lower
ports (6) are L.5.1 nllli-.
meters from the same position, Their combined width is bog milli.w
meters (eight ports)m [The height from the seat o1' the
exhaust
ports (7) is 99 millimeters and the width is 608 mi '
lla.meters (eight
ports) ] . The angle of slope of the upper Scavenging ports is 31
degrees and that of the lower ports L5 degrees.
5 c s
The cylinder he ad.s (8) are special steel casein s,
g .alt
the centre of the head, two injectors and
a starting valve are
seated in a compound connecting pipe (9) The
application of two
injectors ensures a more uniform distribution
of fuel in the c omw
busti,a.n chamber and also permits use of only one injector when
working on a small load. The gear connecting to .the..,: camshaft ,.
(the vertical shaft) is located at the rear. ~'romthe cylinder
(1' t " ' e~ ~p ' I i1 y{ {.~@I rf) 'fy' ~71h YES I; ~~~y;, Vt 11u n' kt"tip, U(~ j'1
~rtYv4+y~ {1r f n~~k~~'~,$~?~,a~a t:fi ~~S,4J,
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lirLk up all of the supports and tk~us form a crankcase. A number
o' thQ retating bolts are broached. On either side of the en~
rfne cryankce~se gre suspended light shields4 This design makes it
~
easier to cast tdivfduai pars of the crankcase and also to pros
cess the parallel guide o
The cylinders (1) arc individual steel, castings secured by
pins to the upper crankcase flange with the aid of a lower flange.
The liners (3) are per'li'te castings. The site where the liners
pass through the port area is packed with cupruite split rings and pass t
with rubber rings. The crosspieces between the ports on the liner
are provided re provided with bores for the cooling water, sealed on the lower
flange with the aid. of threaded plugs.
The upper edges of the upper scavenging ports (1i.) are
located i6~ millimeters from the extreme downstroke position, of
the piston while the edges o1 the lower ports (6) are LS i milli-
meters from the same positions Their combined width is 609 milli
meters (eight ports)o [The height from the seat of the exhaust
ports (7) is 99 millimeters and the width is 608 millimeters (eight
S
arts] ? The angle of slope of the upper scavenging ports is 31
p )
degrees and that of the lower ports degrees.
~~~a ..,~,la:ndr he ads (8) are special steel castings o fit
the centre of the head, two. injectors and a starting valve are
seated in a compound. connecting pipe (9)n The application of two
injectors ensures a more uniform distribution of fuel in the com'-
bustion chamber and also permits use of only one injector when
working on a small loath The gear connecting to the camshaft
the vertical shaft) is located at the rear. F`r.om the cylinder
(
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jacket (Thera' tha wat~r comes thxAUgh ~rora the au'tcnOrnaus cafltxi~
Qx, which cools the head issuc~s ~,hxc~ugh
u~~;a~. pump the ao~~..r~wa`.~
wha.oh sXtends through the head into the
the reduce' , the end o
body off the rthe avatar is channeled into the jacke't oC
' ~.n~ectoxd ~.
tbe scavenging pipe. The weight of the water and, the ~ue1 oil an
The water Gansumption Came to abou'r,
the engine is about 3 tones
~~
Lo litres per e~feci;~.ve hoxae ppWC;xhpL~ at a head off' 2~ - 3~ xSc
2 litres per effective horSepowe;t.,~haux
The oil flows at a rate a~ ~
at a head off' ~0 metcrso There are branch pipes running from the
exhaust pipe jacket to the cYlinder jackets for the purpose of supw
en ~a.ne is being started, dux~.n? the cold
plying heated water when the ~
season of the year.
TThe Pistons
The piston heads ( fox'gEd steel (st. ~ pav. ) and
are of
"The coaling oil is fed through
are provided wa.th, a.ve gaskets.
1 n a~;tachmerl designed ta' augment the rate
te].escopa.c pipes (11) e A
oi f fitted into the telescopic pipe (see Figure
flow of the oily is
77)0 An autonomOu~a, sear driven, electric pump serves to deliver
the fuel. ?
The thickness of the dished bottom end of the pistol is
so mi].limeterso The height of the held is 170 mallimeterso The
'acke~ combined) as 7rQ
overall height of the piston (head and jacket
mallimeters~
steel rod, 120/72 millimetere in
A bared chrame~nicl~el
diameter and 71~ millimeters in ' length is secured to the head
millimeters ,
is fastened to the chrome nickel
with the aid of bolts. The rod
steel crosshead and pin by means oi' the lower fla,nge4
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The combined weight of the rod, position, orosshead and
crosshead shoes is LOO kiograinso The cro shead pan has one corn"
man bearing surf ace and this characteristic makes it possible to
employ a common type connecting rod without a yoked heath The
,
crosshead shoe dimensions axes b x 1 r ), , x 3G0 m fit~etex's,
The parallel guides are bilateral with oil cooling and they are
secured to the crankcase uprights (Figure 8L)0
The connecting rods (13) are forged of chrome"nickel
steel, and for the sake ox' a lesser weight they have a double rj'
se.ctian, of the following dimensions
13Li. ?mm
?MNIIYMMi1M
h 90
and B
110 mm
The length of the connecting rod is 1080 millimeters, and
its combined weight is 180 kilograms, L 392?
fl
The 'top end of the connecting rod is secured to the cross-
head pin by means of bearings with light caps located on. both sides
of the rod. .At the lower end the babitt is introduced into the steel
bushinga while at the upper end it is in direct contact with the cap.
At the ends of the crossheads are to be found. cast steel shoes- the
soles of which are lined with babbitt, A special gear driven pump
serves to deliver the oil to the frictional par of the crosshead
coupling from the bedplate bearing caps through telescopic pipes
.
bored pins whose end faces are sealed by threaded plugs. To
and
encure "uniformity of flog air chambers are fitted on the caps of
the bedplate bearings.
The big end of the connecting rod has a second split plane
to regulate the height of the compression chamber. The bushings
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re cal' tee1 and are babbitt lined. The bearing e p is secured to
the boar with the aid of ?ouz ad justex' boitsQ
The crankshaft (JJ ) is forged, of steel (Sty povo ) mnd is
composed of three sections, the ai'ter end section being made up off'
four cranks, the center section of five cranks and the forward
section of two cranks for the coiipressor. The diameter of the
crank pins is 290 milliretersQ The working length of the main
bearings is 312 millimeters while thG~ t of the crankpins is 176 mil"
1imeters. The web dirllensians are: b x t iL.O x LLO millimeters,
The overall length of the crankshaft is L080 plus 66> millimeters
[without the forward section], while the weight is 6,000 kiogramsa
The dimensions of the flanges are s D x D1 x b
The order of ignition on the forward run` is l.8-~-2-9~L1.-3-7
limeters. There are 12 coupling bolts, 60 millimeters in diametero
The lower end bushings of the bedplate bearings are of
steel and. are babbitt lined. In the upper halves to babbitt
directly lanes the bearing caps which are oil cooled0
The compressor is a two cylinder, four stage, crosshead
type unit? Its output has been calculated for the simultaneous
servicing of both main. engines, at 7 percent of their load. The
forced air pressure at full load is 80 atmosphereso The ND cooler
is tubu:Lax, while the SD and VD coolers are designed in the form
multiple
of a/large diameter screw of stainless steel with internal and
external coolir~g?
' Declassified
S1 x 1410 x 70 mil.
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The above e r~ga.~ae; s ~~a~ra been de ?
a~~ned or power^~1u~. St~vmo~'M
put' ?Northern Seaway) ice breakers (wj bh electra. '
a~CQun~~ed for ~Lh cal. drive). That
the app:?ication off' compressed air fu.
inasmuch as it was el spraying,
ndispenaah1e to ensure the ma
of the. fuel sys?~e~n since .mtur~ per~'ox~m~lce
under artjc candita,ons of navi
~an the
motor oi.1, employed was the ~'~t'
- heavy A grade aid, (OaT 5262
A precision governax which
serves to maintain a fixed
r6volutions per minute is fitted at the te1^ end of the crankshaft
(s1nce the engine is ower.
?
ed by a dyno), This governar
direc'bl,Y on the.. intake valves. ~ ' ac l,s
o.i the fuel` pumps and on the va _
of the oil. servomotor. In lvo
. n again, the latt? er bears on
colr~pressar th;rattle and. an ?~ the
he lift of the lnJector needle,
a.sit eh>ures the auto ; that
ms.tic feed of compressed a?
r'sspondir~g rise of the ~-r and the cor?
lnjec or needles, depending on the engine
load. -
A speca.Glj lima.; governors is Provided for racing, When
the set number of revolutions per minute has been exceeded, the
engine stops. A shaft reversing mechanism is mounted at the
end of the shit after
along with an electric m
a for o
Low .p1"c-sure' compressed ,
aar ].s exnployed, to set the engine
in rr>,otiorl (25 atmosphexes)? For this purpose a two
pressed air servamatoxc.
~'la.~adex comm. is used, The latter STitchcs on in s
first one arid than the oteence,,
her.. group of cylinders and in ?ec, .
~ ~arso
The control post is lo , ,
c.a r;ecl at the top of the engine o
the compressor sided ' n
The exhaust pipe (15) is an iron casting pravv:~ded with
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; E Il I,
on the engine ars mounted the Lollowing:
1,0 ,A two cylinder compressor
2~ Ian 18wplunger :Cue1 pump (one plunger Fort each
injector), located on the side of the engine
and. actuated by the compressor crosshead with
the aid off' rockerso
3m A geared oil pump for circulation of lubricating oil
Igo Geared oil pump iar the lubrication of the crosshead
pins
o A plunger-type oil pump for the lubrication of the
engine and compressor cylinders,
6, The shaft reversing electric drivep
DISTRIBUTION OF GAS
Valves 9en Closed
Fuel Valve 8? to VMT 200 past VMT
Starting Valve S -- 80 to VMT 95-.92? past UMT
Exhaust Ports (Piston) 18% s
Scavenging Ports 30% s
Lower. (with Piston) 802% S
Decompression None
The 8?cylindex, trunk
n rw
jacket, and consists of a number of eotions. The capacity o;
tl'tc~ silencer is about 10 cubic meters,
NON COMPRESSOiJR FOUR STROKE DIESELS OF THE KILOMENSKII
PLJ NT INENI KUYBYSHEV
Series 38B-8 Diesel (Figures 197 and 198)
l }W Vii}
lSy;~t 1 u ~I~~
lr~a~s~'ct
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type'`non reversible engine of the
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reduced weight model (prototype the MAN enginc~ BerLes W8V28/38weight m
The bedpl.ato, is a p,r1ite casting and has a solid base.
The anchor belts y ar staggered, two on each side of the uneven bed-
c
total number of anchor bolts on both sides is
plate bearing- lha
2 (diameter 15 ml.l.lineters) m An of manifold runs inside tho bed
~
bhe exhaust pipe. Branch pipes of this oil
plate, an the side of
manifold feed, the oil donwaid through the connecting pipes to the
bushings of. the bedplate bearingso The latter are collected
jthout the gaskets when scraping the bushing joints0 The bed"
w.
p:L.ate bearing caps are made fast to the upper bushings, each with
g
the a Ittool. clamps'1. The bedplates of the right and lofaid of two
engine are cast in identical model. Figure 198, shows the ori~
in i~h
f ice passar; ge of the oil rnani.f aid, both on the right and
~.Ce ' for, the _
left side in the e crossbeams4 The lugs for the drain pipe flange
a
of the bedpiate are also provided on both sides
at the lower end
runs at the lower end, along the entire bed-
A channel
plate for the purpose of draining the used oil from the crankcase,
while in the center or at the end, passages" are bared for the
cannect drain piAp e The longitudinal beams of the bed-
plate ~.o have n o of Z the section while the crasshearns under the bushings of
.:.
are of the box type. The length of the bed..
the bedplate hearings
plate imeters ..the: width is l.O>0 millimeters and the
is 3126 mill .~
height bQ millimeters. The bedplate weighs 1390 kilograms.
~ ..
The casingf a I perlite casting and forms a single unit
bank. This serves to reinforce the longitudina1
with the. cylinder
rigidity of the engine.
At the lower end of the bank, under the horizontal shelf
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whore the fuel pumps are located the carnshaf is mounted on the dew
ts,chaial,e bearing, gs. It is co'mpo,sed of two sections and is started
from 'the end of the eng'i.ne (this is highly inconvenient since it
calls for a large space or dismounting).
Large openings, covered with light shields, in the lower
part o: the btocky ensure acce as to the big end and bedplate bearings.
In the center of the block, on the side of the exhaust pipe, serving
the purpose of cleaning the outer reaches of the jacket opposite
each cylinder, there are openings which are covered with silencers
on rubber gasketso Zinc protectors are fastened to the latter on
the side where the water is contained, The wafter space is common
derS The cooling water passes from the automatic ci>^,w
to all cylin
cu:Lat'ng pump through the extreme (from the forward end) for the
~.
inr of the outer jacket area, filling the latter, and passes
cleaning
to the water chamber of the cylinder heads through the con
out
ne cta.ng pipes. From the cylinders again the water flows through
the branch pipes to the jacket of the exhaust pipes. On the branch
pipes are fitted ted cocks for the regulation of the temperature of the
water which issues from the heads.
Since it is not permissible to cool the engine with extrerne?
below 3 to 'degrees), a portion of the water which
ly cold water
passes through the engine is channeled off by a special bypass
with a control cock (Figure 198) to the cooling manifold, this
being done for the purpose of heating the water.
.pipe
In order to secure the cylinder heads to the upper part of
the cylinders, four studs , 3~ millimeters in diameter, are employed for each head. [For the anchor couplings (E.lo . steel) that cover
the walls of the crankcase, ,18 pipes, which pass through the surrounding
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 space, arc constructc~o. on the block mold, so that the connection
will not be subjected to the action of the water0 At thc~ lower
end of the block these pipes break o'f and continue somewhat lowers
The couplings pass through them without cl-r ce (they are fitted
after painting). The upper pipe area between the couplings and
the plates is connected by means of branch pipes to the intake
receiver arid is used for the ventilation of the crankcase, The
length of the couplings is 160! millimeter, while their dimater
is 36 millimeters.
The cylinder liners ade made of perlitic cast iron and
for ,proper mounting three precision finished collars are fitted
on their outer surface. Similar collars are also on the blockw
The center collar of the liner has grooves cut in it for the pa
sage of cooling water. ,copper gasket under the flange or a lap-
ped fit oi' the latter to the block are two methods of packing in
the upper portion of the liner, while in the lower portion this is
accomplished with the aid of a rubber gaskets
The cylinder heads (Figure 63 ) are of perlitic cast irony
They arc rectangular and are provided with large square windows
in the wallsa
In the cylinder head are fitted two intake .nd two exM
haunt valves, an injector and a starting valve, and in addition
there is also a through opening for the indicator. The intake and
exhaust valves do not have separate seatsp
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Vertically, the cylinder head is divided into two chambers
by means of a horizontal baffle plate, which gives it greaten ri~
gidity and improves the cooling of the head. At the top, two
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crossheads are secured to th~a head Qn buhira, f'or the valve
rocker shafts. The height of the herd is 20! millimeters, the thick"
ness oI' the lower plate is 18 miiU.meters The head weighs 62 kilo
grams.
The joint o: the head, is made secure with the aid of a
copper gasket under a rang collar, the `dimensions of which are
a3 foi1owa; diameter 32O/3L0 millimeters and hGigh't millimeters.
uIAMI!!~T1R AND LIFT OF VALVES
Valves
Angle of
Slope of
the plead
Intake li50 9 mm 23 mm
Exhaust )ao .. 80 mm 22 mm
Starting - 30 mm 7 gun
~a
Injector sleeve L0 mm
The cranksh.af't is of seamless forged steel (St, pov. )
and tubular ( d 19S/100 millimeters)with a specular arrange-
a
ment of the cranks. The ignition sequence of the right, engine is
as follows. 1~L-2-6-8-S?-7-3, while that of the let engine is:
l 3-7o~18w6.-2L-r.
At he ends the crank pin bores are sealed with plugs, on
pressboard gaskets tightened with bolds. The crank webs are pro-
vided with oblique bores for the ` delivery of the oil from the housing
pins to the crank pins. For this reason each crank pin has a radial
bore while each of the housing pins has two diametrically opposite bores,
~ I ti :{ ,: y ', fli z
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The length off' the case and crank pin i, 100 m 1 Mane
The web dianc n, jons are b x t 3 x 270 iu r
1:1,1.1meter~, The dis-
tance between the ax? s of adjacent o 1i.nde
~ r~ is Lop m~.a.l,~meters,
The overaii `length o? the shaft is 3L ,.o mill
and thy;.
wr~:Lght 1070 k;Llograms,
At the iorward end of the shat is mounted a cylindrical
gear of the oil and fuel transfer ,pump drives
At the after end, a
gear wheal oi' the drive communicating to the camshaft is mounted
on spines, The gear is composed of two arts, '
p The drive proper
is made up 0i' several gear wheels,
The conrlectin~r rods are of circular section and are
- f o,rged
of St pov [ steep o They are , provided with a longitudinal bare; for
the delivery of oil to the small end, bearing.
the diarnetezi of the
CarlnCctin1 rod body a 7p millimeters
while the length
is 7So `millimeters; L ~ 3.96k The weight of the eonnectirlg rod
assembly is 55 kilograms (see Figure 89)
o
The small end of the connecting,' rod has a press fitted
.
bushing of special bronze, :plugged with a countersunk
wood screw
(see Figure 87). The lower end has neither gaskets nor lin7.ngs.
The babbitt lines the connecting rod body directly and is also
applied directly to the cap of the bi end b
g carirl~. The diameter
of the connecting rod bolts is L8 rnillimete
x ~ . In disassembling,
the connecting rod is removed. together with h the piston through the
liner o
The pistons are cast of an aluminum alloy (see Figure
66).
The weight of the entire piston assembly is 37.1 kilograms, The
thiclmes, oC` the head is 28 miliirneters, The The, dimensa.o.ns of the
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1O x . 2 rni11imetes, while that o the bosses d x 1
ln~ x 63 m the p~ bore, or d0 is 75 ~.j~netere ,,
~.ll~.meters x 2a
are five pa,$ton xtgs and two oil scrapers. The ?ui1 p~.ston
ri'here
l.ength is 367 millimeter S, the working 1efl~th is 22~ mi1iiraeters,
while width is 13~ mii1imeter:~ (in circumference).
~~he waa,ka. ng The engine val.vG a are shown in Figure 99, whereas their
s
nc1 vi (Fires 107 and 136)
a.ssernbiy is described in Chapters V a
drain pipe is provided with a water jacket and is
The
iron c 0 millimeters), while to intake pipe is welded
~.,~, ~. ~ ( d 2~
thin with a rectazl~~ru:La' section, b ;x h - l3~ x 2'7U
othin a. on plates, wa.:m The pipes which reed air to he intake valves have
lmillimetmillimeters. them, so as to provide a passage 1'or the
bushings ~'itted _ a.ns~.do of t
valve rocker push rods.
The fuel pump umA is of the Bosch type (Figure i2) ? The dia-
meter and stroke of the plunger is 17 -lS millimeters. The pump
develops a pressure oi' 3O to COQ kilograms pet' square centimeter.
The d overnor with the cutoff valve and
..v c. coupling g . the ~~
r are shown separately in Figure 129.
the scrvrnoto
(See table on following page
SERIFS L2 aM-6 DIESEL (FIGURES 199 AND 200)
This is a six cylinder gunk engine, non reversible of the
..
standard type (prototype o~ this one is the engine oi' the MAN plara.t,
Series F6Vu L5 ) fl
The bedplate is composed of three parts, each a steel casting,
and the bed is of sold plate. A channel runs the entire length of
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
DTSTRTUTION of GAS
Valves
Open
Closed
37 degrees to VMT
L7 degrees past NMT
Intake
S2 degrees to NMT
32 degrees past VM'S'
Exhaust
18 degrees to VMT
Lo degrees to NMT
Starting
(Fuel Feed)
Feed of the roller
2L. degrees to VMT
Cut off
6 degrees past VMT
the housing at the bottom; on the lateral lugs (both sides) and on
the after side there are ports through which the oil flaws down to
the drain sump. For the sake of greater engine rigidity, the bed
plate is cast as one piece with the engine casing.
The brasses of the bedplate bearings are forged of steel
and, are lined with babbitt. At the joints between the brasses are
fitted the packing assem iiesr The end bearing from the stern is
a thrust bearing and its brasses are also faced with babbit. The
lubricating oil is delivered to the bearings through the caps, from
the common manifo1d
The dimensions of the housing L x B x H- L~89a x lJJ o x 912
millimeters, All casings weigh 3728 kilograms
The cylinder bank is a steel casting composed of six
distinct sections, coupled with the aid of vertical flanges and
bolts, the terminal bolts being staggered (Figure L ) a
The cylinder liners are cast of perlitic cast iron and
rest on the upper part of the bank through the intermediary of
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~y 1 E:._~1, 1111`, \~~t+'
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The la2BMM6 D*e.sei (lon itudina1 section)
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collars which are provided underneath with cuprite sheet gasket
Under the coiiars on 'the outer surface of the liners there are
rs which enhance t1 e rigidity of the liners and
three rang ealla
reduce the section of the jackets, so that the rate of speed of the
water flow, is increased and the heat transfer is improved. appropriate
slots are riaa r ,dein the belts, affordin; a passage to the water.
In the upper part of the liners, lateral pockets are pro"
v.ded for the lowering of the valve heads o In the lower, part, the
sates where the liners come out, glands used to be employed for
'pa.cka.ng, whereas recently the glands have been replaced with two
seated on special ring grooves provided on the liners
pound gaskets
The liners are oil lubricated, the oil being sprayed by
the connecting rods. When the engine is started, additional lubri-'
cation is provided through oil flow from the lower part of the
issuing from the common manifold through special
liner (.La.gure Li9), a
1
pipes which come through to the outside of the cylinder bank on the t
distribution sided
Eight studs (d L8.S millimeters) for each cylinder are
screwed in at the top surface of the bank for the purpose of rein-
forcing the heads, and to camshaft bearings are mounted on special
bosses, The toothed gear drive of the camshaft from the crankshaft
,'ter side of the engineo The fuel pumps are also
is fitted on the
mounted on these bosses, between the cylinders. Lubricating oil is
delivered, to camshaft bearings trough the axial bore and the radial
.
opening s
A limiting governor a.nd a control post are secured to the
forward end of the bank, along with a gear driven oil and fuel trans-
S . as well as a two cylinder, plunger type circulating pump.
fee pwnp
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x banks 1s ba1ted to the erankcas, and the
The cy1.ind
each :bank section axe staggered.
;roux ?texma,nal bolts a~
The cyl erlite castings and comprise the
~.nder heads are p ^
allawing; the injector is ~.p~;s.~ted at ?the center, whale injector which a
9.ntake arid exhaust valves are on the side s a On the distributor
side is to be found the starting valve, while the safety valves
on the side of the exhaust pi'peo
are located
h Head Angle oSlope
Valves
1L nun 38 mm 30 degrees
Intake ~
38 mm 30 degrees
Exhaust
~'~~ mm Starting
10 ram
Injector Sleeve ~ 6 iiim (Open type injector)
the head 2O nua.llin~e~tersa while the tha.ck~
Thy height or th is ~
ness of the lower plate is 26 millimeters. The diameter of the in~
pipe is 15Q rn~.llime~ters. 't'he head weighs
take and of the outlet .. pa
collar is SLG. f ~2L and, the height
2~7 kilograms. The die,metex~ of the
~ millimeters. The... sections o:f the head, axe shown separately on
~ the head are countersunk in the lat~
.
Figure 62, The nuts tastenon
A sheet cuprite gasket is inserted underneath
ter (see T igure 6L)
h . ...
the collar Lor the purpose of sealing the jot.
The paston is shown Figure 67 4 It has a da.smountable
. in T . .
head off' fargod, steel ..The thickness c~ the head is 31 millimeters
the lower end it is secured with caxcnlarribs (Figure 69) and
k~ devices (Figure 7l~) . The head
it is oil cooled by means of roc kg
is made fast to the cast iron body of the piston with the ;aid o~ 1~
'
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bo ng a diamet r oi' iL millimeters. The overal height bolts eac11 having
miiiimete s The entire piston assembly
o~ the piston is 73
63 m~.iw
kilo rams. The pin dfinensions are d x 1 rab
weighs 333
lirneters x ~~ There are six piston rings, two of these being
oil' scrapeI's
The connecting St Pov) is shown in T'i.gurgod (~
section, with a diameter of 108 millimeters, The
is of annular
bore diameter is 2 millimeters.
L 912 milli,aieters. The total
~, 210
weight of the piston is 290 kiogrwnsa
The small ? end of the connecting rod is of the closed tripe
while the b has a second split face for to control of the
end hay
compress101 chamber head. The dimensions o~ the big: end are d x 1
x 210 millimeters. There are two adjuster bol t s with a
260
.1. G4/
diameter 61. millimeters. The distance between the axes of the
of ~
baits limetex~s. E-10 steel is used for the boltsm
is 3L0 m~.i l
the crankshaft is seamless forged (St S pov) and bored
the pins ` d 260 millimeters ..while
through. The diameter of210
gth of the casing and crank pins is 210 millimeterso The
the lens,
x t ~ 130 x 380 millimeters. In the webs..
dimensions of the webs, b
bores to interlink. the inner area of the
are to be found oblique
casing and crank pins. The pin bores are sealed with plugs which
pins. are made of threaded pressboaxd couplings (see
fast with the aid of
Figure 90)~
The cranks of the second half of the shaft are in specula`
to the corresponding cranks of the first
arrangement wa.th respect
half a The, angle between the cranks of the adjacent cy1i.ndef'5 is
120 degrees. The ignition 5equence (for the forward run) of the
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right engine is;
Lorward end).
,l.'"3 ""5."6 e.
2 (countiri the cylinders from the
The distance between the axes of adjacent cylinders is
7miliimeters. The overall length of the shaft is !100 mii.
l .meters while the weight is 3030 kilograms. The diameter of
the coupling flanges is X70 mi11imetr~rs, the thickness being Li.2
millimeters. _ There are 10 coupling bolts with a diaaneter of 2
mi11ime t(r s o
The valve grid fuel pump assembly have been described in
Chapters V and VI (Figures 101 and iLa)e
Valves
GAS DISTRIBUTION
Open
Closed
Intake
200
to VMT
290 l6t past NMT
Exhaust
32?
20' to NMT
11? 1O t past VMT
Starting
100
to VMT
L~3? 16' to NMT
The basic data pertaining to the engines discussed in the
foregoing are combined into Table x.10
[See Table i1 on next page)
The Koiomenskiy Plant produces non-.reversing and ;reversing
engines with and w:i.t.hout super charging
SLOW SPEED, DOUBLE ACTING DIESELS
The need of high powered engines aboard ocean liners of.
large displacement brought about the appearance of two stroke, double
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
CTRISTCS OF ?IARI NE DIESEL
Crosshead
Type
Chi xac~, cra s',,.
Unit ? Make - Tye
Four Stroke MAN
Crosshead Type Trunk Eng:.ne Standard
(La,g ~.gh~~ory Non Compressor
,~,~er) ~
Nobel zu1 'tser
RD2LOO , 9QNl/
Comp'es 9DIC~1/~
sox Type Compressor
'~Ype
n
kg/cm2
iP/Z
a
M
w rpm
-. -'1iil meter
3 0'I ~.1TI1C G '
P ` _ kg/ cm2
1 &" kg/cm
yi1
0m' m/sec
i]
2
cm
r
k:g/cm2
kg/hp
(dry) T
kg/hp
C23
?_000/6
lo;
60
860
647
S,02
0 ?7 S
300
36
3.7ao/i3,
36
.? i,12,
o l97
20
t
f.3 3
3000/9
300
p y'"
36. -37w
1, ,63/13 o0
L2~L3
4
02 22
w
0.i9
67
2203
118V28/38
3888
Kolom? 3.D
is L 3
380
6.86
0 30
7.6
31
None/i3 08
0 0 x.83;
902
130
o.173
r9
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1
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Li]
[3] [] [5]
L aiang shaft (rac~tcr)
iiQO
10al.
3a9LI
550735
B . (aion -casing) (mercers)
301
loS
1a0j
10114
H1M ~n
600
2.9
1.8
2,155
H2 m
100
0.76
TM
0.58
0.52
H1- in
' 32
2.1
2061
L/
L8
3.92
3Q96
~ 031
Weight of reciprocating
parts: (kg/cm2)
0.90
0.235
0.10
0027
!.?L ~ '
326
p
225/O
0
38/0
38
ffr ~rM )
Ignition Sequence
a
a
.
.
1w8?5...?
].?)~,?2a6..
~.3w~a
2.-3...6 9'L1.- 8-57...3 6.-Li...2
3.7-6?
0.221 O i8
Ne ? Effective Power
n revolutions per minute
D and Se Piston Dianieter and Stroke
Pi and PeM Mean Gauge and Effective pressure
Mechanical kpd [efficiency]
Mean Piston Speed
End Pressure
E4)4 : Nominal, and Actual Pressure Degree
Pz and Pew Pressure at the End of Combustion and Scavenging Air Pressure
Fuel Decomposition
Specific Weight
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
L and Length artd Width off' engine
and R,. ' Rpight from Axis of Shaft both up and down
1
h ,' Hei..ght L'or Stripping
L
Re1Gtion oi' Connecting Rock Length to the Radl.us of tha
Crankshaft
Lost Fraction oC Stroke
.. The utilization of the circuxrl'erence by the intake and out-
-n-a ?TrD
let port:
acting engines The problems that presented itself with respect to
the y , planning arid production of such engines were those that were met
i.+ng
in regard to the design of the cylinder end. It was essential to have
chamber of suitabi? shape in the lower section, a stuf-
a combustion
f'an r box with packing that would be able to withstand high pressures
~,
as well as high temperatures, and to provide cooling for the pistol
ode Lastly, a way had to be found to fat the valves to the vGc y
best advantage an the lower section of the cylinder. AU these pro
s have now been mastered and., many plants are producing double
ialcm
acting Diesels which gave flawless performance on a series of motor
ships
Figure `201 furnishes a section (cross section) of a non compres-
sor, double stroke, double acting, four cylinder Diesel. which is pro-
duced by the MAN plant It develops 1800 effective horse powers at 9S
.
revolutions per minute. This engine has been installed, on the Sovtorg-
flat 'motorships, nZhan Zhores" [Jean Jaurezi "Engel
'-) G
The diameter
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
?'I ~11~1 1i4-I:a~~l :NAIiP": .: "i
p=
:1111 rl ri:r
M
a' ,:',AI;:'?
;-ii ... ?:.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8
oi' the cylinders is 600 miilime terN, and the piston stroke is 900
miliimeters. The specific weight of the eng:tne is 6 kilograms
per effective horsepower, and the i'uei consumption is 17 grams per
ei'feetive horsepower"'houro
The scavenging ports are located on, the same side of the
cylinder where the exhaust parts are to be found. The cylinder
heads are composed of two sections, that is, a center section which
is of cast steel and thy; outer section which is of cast iron. There
are two gear driven, tandem type scavenging pumps to service the
engine 0
In the cylinder head are to be found, the injector (L), the
starving valve (6), and the safety valve. At the cylinder end are
located' two injectors (8), a- starting valve (7) and a safety valve.
These are mounted horizontally. The valves are actuated from the
camshaft (9), the upper ones with the aid of long rods (1), and the
lower ones by means of short bell crank levers.
The casing is braced with the aid of long anchor couplings
(5) which transmit to the engine bed the stress brought to bear by
the gases against the cover. The piston is cooled with the aid of
telescopic pipes (2)o Inside the jackets are fitted guide ribs (3)
the function of which is to increase the flow of water.
The'Krasnoye Sormovo Plant produces such engines, with 3, L~,
and 6 cylinders, with 600 effective horsepower per cylinder. These
engines are installed aboard the ships of the maritime fleet. (The
engine Series is known as 90]JPR )
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/26 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120009-8