INVESTIGATION OF MASS SPECTRUM OF COSMIC-RAY PARTICLES AT SEA LEVEL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200110009-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: August 21, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110009-9
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:STAY.
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ectru~ o~ Cosm~lc-�
Ra,~,.p,~. ee
at3~on o~ Mass S
xnvesti~
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Alikhan~~' and G. P.� ~elisey'ev
by A. I.
y,
~'izki
erimental~noy i Teoreticheskoy
Zhurnal. Lkap
of E er~m�ntal and Theoretical Physics ~
(Journal. ~ 10Q9~-~~22, Russian Ma per, Sep 5
2l, No 9, pp
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110009-9
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in the second p~,ana, Q tc,
~ ad:I.us off' curvature was cap^~c~.ed out so
Mc~asl~r anent o~ the r _
rad~.a~ w~~xe measured, whl.ch passed
that rn~.nimum as w�ll as ms.xar~wn
rr~ o~nts hava,n as terminal d~.mensions w�
thro~~~gh the f~.ve ,~,~ven p ~
. s B obtain:i.n~; for each trajectory
~~he ~~.a.meter o� t~~e counl,er ~ y ~ ,
{
~ ' e to eXar~.n� each trayectary spata,ally,
~ coordinates and be:~nz, abl.
,h
' ridtividua7~ tra j ec'tor~' a de gree o:~ reliability
~we attained ~'or each a.
' ~ ion chamber, It is ~.nconcea.vable that
which may be ob~ta~.ned a.r~ thc~ ~Ja.1.a
babi1.ity o~ False tra jectoriPS
there should remain any appreC~.able pro
articles through individual ~ r
;formed by the passage off' two or more p
�n I
' nts would be disposed circum~erent~all.y w~.th~.
rows, so that w 6 poi.
oin~ts w;~lald be collinear in 'the
one plane aald concurrently ~ ~ p
Mated on the basis o;f 1~o5si's
othe:~� p~-one. 'fie mass values were ca7.c
data G~a~ ;
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Description o~ the Experit~~ents
~ , ~ ~ nducted uY,der~ the ~ollow~in conditions t
Expe~ra.rnen ~ts ware co
.r
r,
' U there was placed a f
filter off' 2, 7 centi~-
Experiment Abo~~re row i
~ e ter ~b ~ above rows vI, Vll and UI:~~I, j .
meters a:f A~., and one cent~.m, , i
e entire ~u~a.t was placed a
Over t h
one centimeter ~'b :for each one, 1
art o:f the experiments was
j il~ter o~ lU centimeters k'b, A. sma~,l p' ,
f
the' entire un~.~t, in which case there
conducted without a :filter over ,
s onl the 10~1~ gr~ms~square cen-
remained over the entire apparatu
~er a:~' mC~,tter of the ceiling anr~ rood',
t~.me
s
~ ~ t.~
was fared a filter u~ 6 centimeters C,
~t ~ ~r ~ ~ Experiment ~.1. ,~bave row ~ p i
~ ~ and above xo~t VIIx, ~ ; ,
~
abo~re each of rows ~T and Vx~l, 2.~ centx.met~ers ,
z~:
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/04 : CI
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~ ~ ~ cc~a~t~.ma~axs and aba~v'a pow V~ y
a~c~Va ~ac~ a~ raw VT and v~ '
can~~m~~;ara C w AVex tha an~;~.re un~~
tha r O ~ ~ ~ c~~'~.~mc ~e r,~ ~'b ax 2 f
e '
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a :~iltc~r o~ ~O cent~,~naters
was p~.aced
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U as laced a ,fa.1.~;er a~' b c~an~:Cme~~~rs
A~ao~e raw w I~
~ac,pr~ciraen~ ~Ve ~ Over 1
V~~~ cen~~a.mei~ers ~;xapha.te,
abava Qach oi' roars V.l f V:C.L and ~
d a ,C~.~.ter af' 7~1,~a centa,meters Pb ~
the enta.re una.~ was place
ows ~ ~ ~~'I anc~ ~V Wera aluma.nwn
counter 3.n x ~ r
cle 1'~iass (m ~ 2QOw34Q me)
~rrars in t~alc~~lation o:C ~'ar La.
article re t~.ined w~, th~.n
th,e de~t;erm~.nat~-on a.l me,ss o:C the p
. ~:n
l erz~or a.n determination
owi.n~ errors occurs
the filters, ~~he ~al~.
. ~ to ~;Grrrtinal climension;~ off' counters
of impulse at the pa.r~~,c.l.e due
~ ~ . ~ ~ 2) error a.n determination
.
and, irre~u:l,~.rities a.f the: ma#me~~.c .~~.el.d, ,
w~. thin walls o ~ c ounM r,
se off' the part~,cle due to scattering
o ~.mpu~.
error in dete~nination of particle
xl, ~;C:C a and 1V, (3)
- t~;rs in raw '
- ss of ir~t~:rceptin~ filters and range
range due to terma.na~l, th~.ckne
r the an~c ~`luctu
rd:l.n to ~'ome~anchul. data C~a .t
~lur,~uatla11.7 ~~CC4
,~i
s ei'~ect result:~n~; from scatte:rin~ :L11
ations due to the circuitou ~ ,
to the are p~-~acticall~' e~.~ual to zeta;
lead is "~~5 percent'in ~raph.~ Y ~ `
~ ~ ~'S.
i't~ ~r,
p to the fluctuation of ~,on~.zat~on lasses ~.n u;
' ,r"; n
range fluctuations du~
the error
1.a tin ,
' ~ are about 1~�~~ percents Tn c alcu. ~
' lead and z.n ~rapha.te
~i~
~ ns wire taken into acco~.~.'~) n ~ ,
. ~ ~~m these f luc t~ a t~.a
4 ' M,
adius o:C' curva~-
able error in detcxmination of the r {�i,~
't'he prob ;
erminal dimensions off' counters is ra
due tot ~
sure of the tray e c tart', ~ , ~ .
J ~ or in measurement of impulse,, dui ~ K~
ens the err ~ y
equal to lMlAy perc
~ ' Lutes Qelt. percen~~ and ,
to irre~ularitie~ of the ma~net~.c .Field cans ~
is o.E na p;rac~ical impartance~
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r.lt, ~ g r~p`~' '.~~.~,y , o-~w. ~ntsrva.~ 1~�
n a.5 a~ioun~~s to about k~QO el.ec~xans for ~GaQ00 h�~.~d par
t~.e~ea~ ~h
a ~~.l,ter^ cansa.stin~ of ;~,C~ Gunk;a.ma~~o~^u~ ~'b d~ecrea~e~ t
�r off' electrons at sea ~.eve~. by a~; lean; ~0 t~.me5e
tree numbc~
a
'l~~ UL~I'a 0~ ~;X~'~1~Cr~N`I' IT;
' 'ment ll as provia~~s:t5r stately the iratercepta.n~ '
Zn f;?Cper1. i
. ~ ere re ~~,aced, by ~;rapha,i;e iltex's~ ~.l'~~is was clone on
lead. f~.lter s w ~
, ~ owing con~~id~;.~'ati.ons~ ~~'irst~ in the secortid
thr--, ba s a. s a,E the ~ all.
~ r~ r~~ m of dela~ ed coi.nciclerice reistration was in
e~~per~.ment a ,~,yate Y
~ white filter, the meson"~ positive as well. as
apes a t~. on, Zn a ~;r ~
r rat~.on elec~
f~ ~'v- nit in~Lcr~acta.n~; with nuclei., yield disin~te~
ne ~,a t~ e,
' ch these ner~atx.ve mesons c;a.n be diff'erM '
trorls, a5 a rea o~ why.
native me;aons stran~ly iTiterartinc with the
ezrt~.ated :From the neF,
an exam~.nats.on off' the ra~:'e trajectories of par-
nuclei. ~ecand,
neater than 100 m many tra jectaries must be
tides havi.n~ a mass ~ e
ossibilit~ o:t' traject;any e~rP 7s from the '',s
e~.cluded due to the p f
� `rec~,ion because a.C scattering in the lead fi.l~
tens in a lateral. d~,
~
e the assibil.ity of false absorption.
~~7
~ ~
tens, ~ p '
that a lead i'ilter :~Q
xn experiment x we ha~re ascertained
k~
. d above the ura.it, a,l.mast completely excludes
c~;n ti.meters th~.ck place u~E~ .
" sucl~i a filter
. electrons, and, consequently, ~.n the presencE o~.
~,~r
l~~y
' nterce~ tiny lead filters for
there is no .need to he,ve in the una.t p
of e~,e c~ror~ d,e te.rma.na t1. an by prapa~at~. an w~. th
the specific purpose ~ ~
~ r,
{
Moreover the ~prabability of electron absorption
~.n such ~:~1 tens r ~
~/~~ry/;""ii
d. f ~~0
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110009-9
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}.Ara ~ab~.e ~.y pp
e salt cam~laox~ent e~,ec~,rAns w~.~;h~.n ~,t~c~ in~M
AvAx the una.t~ ~,n ~h
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~Q~1Q~ e~ c wc~a^e cabsexved :fox I~~ic~ ~9,l~"r~ pax
pu.~ s e ;~r~ ~e rva~. ~ l.~
ti
r ~ ' ~ ants to about 1~G0 ea.ectxAns fox ~QaQQf~ h~lxd par
t~.c:~~a~ '~h:~~ aa7~o
~ r `i' ~ s a fi~.te~^ consa.stin~ of l~ c;Ar~timaters ~'b decrcasey
r , a�~ Least ~0 ta.mes~
tk~e number off' e~.ectxon~ a'~ sea level by
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R~~ UL'~'a UT' ~X ~ 1~L~~~PJ ~ Z;
i
ant lJ: as rcvia~isly statecl, 'the intercepting;
In t,xper.~mE , p
1,
1;-rs were replaced by graphite filtcX~s~ ~a'r~is wa;a done on
J.ead o
anside~~~ati arcs ~ 1' irs in the secand
the basa.s of the f o].lawa.n~.> c
stem of dela, ed ca:i.ncideracF: xe;ia~z^d~~ion was in
exile r .men 1, a ~y ~
white filter the mesons, positive as well as
ope~at~.an, ~ a ~r ~ ~
' ~ - 'actin: w:tth nuclei, yield disintegration ea.ecM
ne~;at~.ve, na~t ~,ntez C ,y~;
. , A~'ia ~ of which these ne~a~tive mesons can be di~'fer-
~Lz ans, as a r~,~.l~
. m the negative rnesans stxangly interactinrr with the
entiated fro
atninatian of ~~he rare trajectories of par-
nuclei. second, on ex
ater than x.00 m many txa~ectories must be 1`~' 1 '
titles having; a mass ire e
to the ossibility of trajec~f~ory egress from the filW
excluded due p
a direction because of scattering in the lead fil-
.n
tors in a later l
,~1
tors i,ee, the possibi~.ity of false absorpt~.an.
~ Mix..
~ nt l we have ascertained that a ~.ead filter 1C~ ~y
r,~ In expE,x~.me
d above the unit, almost completely exca.udes ~a
centz.meters th~.c~c place
f~
; r n~tl in the presence of such a f'~.ltex ~4,
elec~trans, and, con~eque ys ~
,r
o have in the un3.t interceptint lead filters for N,k
r there no need t
3ii4
~ UY
ctron det~.rmination by prapa~ation with
ecific ur ose of e~.e
the sp p p k
1
~
v the rababil7.ty of electron absorption
,~~I ~,n such fa.ltersa Iloreaver, p
u - I~;~
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~y' ,,~~I~ i
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S~`--' 1 dt~~~~ ~ I~ ~ ~ 1. s~1~ ~ 1 I I ~1~
S ~~f ~~4 ~ q ~~ii
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rl~~ it ~'i. ~ " iayi
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1 ~ , ~ ~ ~ Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110009-9

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/04 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200110009-9
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i~a~ ; x
5 t,r
,w
~
~ '
~ ~i
,.z
E~~ Y
~ tl
~~~~c~,us~l.ar~ A~ t~a~ector~.as Q~ part~,a~,QS with mass ~;xeate~
t . ~
than 3~~Q m , as be~,n~; ~,nca~r~rect ar pa as~,b~.y incorrect, was made ~
A
, , ,
~n thosA ins~;anc~as when i~G was pass~.ble to p~.at thrau~h ~~,ven
pa~.nts a tra~ectaxy~ ~ra~~.n~; thc~ poise and scattexa.n~ w~,tha.n I
B i ~
thv .f~,~.ters over angles o.f yot a~a:pr~~c~,ab~.e probab~.~.ity wol~~.d x4~ f~
I' .
move the p`~rta.cles :fram the :filter by'Mpassa,n~; the caun~~ers and
dive r~.se ~ta :f,'al.sa absarptian~ :fin such a select:kan From, 1~8 t~raw
1
factories ~a.vin~; a mass w~.th the interval ~300w~00 me, lh were ex~
cluded~ ,from 2~ tra~ector~,ES indicat~in~; a mass within. the interval ~
.
100-1200 mQ, were exclud,edp The remaina,n~ trajectories gave
the values off' mass shown a.n Fable 2 (,~~a~e lOl"~)~
I~
The number of particles with a mass greater than x,00 me, i I
r r rc nt of 'the ~:tirticle. with a mass up to ~ ~
thus coma ta. tute.~ 3 o Za pe e p
~.~00 n~~ , :k' ou~^ negative ps.rticles having very large impulses were
c
1
retained wi~tllin the :filters,
Let us review the causes that can lead to the :formation of
trajectories which. stimulate particles having; a rrtass in excess off'
?~ir~ce we selc;ct and examine only the correct trajectories, '
, ~~,00 rne.
,4;i
r~ahich da not arouse any c~aubt; as to representing in each instance
the act~u.al undistorted trajectory of ~ single particle, the entire y~r

' ~ prob~.em is reduced to asccr~tainin~ what. takes place within the fil~ u~,
ters an absorptiar>, off' the part9.c]~e~ The passibila.ty o:f fa~.se ab~
~
sorptians due to leaks in the rows a~' counters is completely ex~
1
chided, ~ possibility of egress of a particle fmm the filters with
r ~ a . , ers as a result a:f scattering ~ false absor ~ ~
h, count p
.C c
a n a
S
b
yp ~ ~ .
s~~ r, ~tit~`n), is:vo~,.. remotes ~ Bear~.n~ in m~,nd. such a poss~.ba.l~.ty~, the ex- ~
ti~M,~
~k~ ~ ~ antination off.' individual ~ra,jectories obta,in~>d in experiment l~l, one ~ ,
, ~ ~ , ~ mus t assume ~ in~. one ~ ins farce the ~re;~i t'~ ~ of a ~ parti c~.e :from t~.e ~'ilw i ~
l'~ ^ ~ 7 ~ ~