THE QUESTION OF THE EXISTENCE OF VARITRONS

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• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 8, 2012
• Sequence Number: 33
• Publication Date: August 6, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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stezice of Var3.trp~as
Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy'i Teoreticheskoy
Fiziki, Vol 21, No 9, pp lO45-l061, Sep 51,
Article in Russian ) o per.
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TT{E QUESTION OF THE EXWTJi;NOE OF VARITi~1oI~1$
I~MrMfl+rmms.++~~Fn.H1 lY.lneMMkrnae.lsm~?mnm
N. Varnov, N. A. Dobrotin tnd
l,. '?'. Zatsepin
`fha question as to the existence of nel.emextaxyt' partic1cas
with di '?'erent proptarties (mass, life, etc. ) is on.e off' the acutest
probiems o? modern physics. Hcnoe the great interest which has
been arouacd by the work of A. I. Aiikhanyan, A. I, Al.i,khanov et al
Concerning the study of the nature of particle whi.ch are constituents
o?, cosmic rays
As is known, as far back as l91i1i. [l, 2] A. I. Alikhanyan and
A. I. Alikhanov on anaiyzinr; t'b.e different properties of the soft
component (ratio of the number of particles constituting the soft
and hard components, measured by me,.ins of counters and ionization
chamber, nature of absorption of the soft component and transition
effect) have arrived at the conclusion [ 2 j ; t'that aside
from
electrons there are present in the soft component, other charged
particles also, the properties of which differ sharply fora the
properties of electrons, and whicri cannot be. identified w?ti the
usual. mesotrans, , It as foi.znd L.hat they constitute about 10 ..
15 percent of t he intensity of the hard component at an altitude
of 3250 rosters. tt
To confirm this conclusion, A. I, Alikhanyan, A. I. Alikhanov,
et al, have conducted an extensive series of investigations devoted
to studies of the nature of soft component particles utilizing the
method of deflection in a na;net,ic field as well as the method of
determining ionization caused by particles of they soft component.
Subsequently the method of magnetic deflection has become predominant
STAT
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in thQ reareh conduct6d by A, I. Aikiianyan., A. I. AlikhafOV and
terg are the nature of coSmiLC ray pa ^tic1es. D &a obtain6d
a
l~~,,r ocawox^i~
this method ,~rovc, accor&Ln, g to the views o:f these re cachaX^e,
day ~
that there exit at an altitude of 3250 meters "a aonsi.dexab ,c~
number Q? new particles havin di,iferc~nt mass vaiue3, rani rr~ with-
in the limits from 100 u. to tens of thousandS o:f e1ectron masseSsl
[3a, A. 1. Aiikhanyan, A. . Aiikhanov, et al, have named, theae
P,articles varitrons. Invosttc ations analogous to ti)e ?Xper1TI1.anLS
of i,a.k'nanJ an, Alikhanov, rat al, and concerned with studies o:f the
A
general prope;rti.ea of the soft, component [1], a well as the study
of tionization spectrum produced by cosmic rays particles [11],
and con,stitu.ting one of the in:i?tia1 premisos of the entire concept
of varitrons, were also carried out by associates of the Cosmi.c
Rays s Laboratory o:f t' e Physid4 Institute imc;ni P. N. Lebedev of the
Academy of Sciences USSR [ -? . rihesc~ investigations have shown the
.faL:Lacy of cofCJ.usionS ax^r1vc,c1 at by A. I. AJ.ikhanyan, A. I. AlikhanoV,
.
et al.
The authors othe present article have repeatedly cr:i.ticized
the experimentS of Alikhanyan, AJ.ikhanov, et al, and had considered
that the conclusion as to the existence of varitronS, reached on the
basis o f these oxperirrtents, is an erroneous one, and, as ~rii:L be
shown be:Low, is due entirely to a lack of critical analysis of
experimental cond.i tioriS.
In the present article we will consider in detail only the
series of researches by A. I. Alikhanyan, A. I.'Aiikhonav, et al,
devoted to measurement of the mass of cosmic ray paxticlcs by the
magnetic deflection methods
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 In this paragraph we Will sho~?r that from the data cierivQd
by A I. A:t.i}rhanyan, A. T. Alikhanov and their co~wor'ker$ From
work conducted dur in1917 - 1949 (and entir'c;1y contradictory witl~t
rl~
it i'olloor~' that
resa,l is of their own work carried out in 19aO),
th( number of varitrons stopped within a given :f'il'ter is not less
than the ni,unbGr of protons stopped within the ssaiie ?'iltcire `l'hc;
number of varitrona at an alt .tulle of 32x() meters, according; to
data of Alikhanyan, Alikhariov, et a1, constitutes in any case not
lc-)5s than 1 M 2 percent of the number of particles oi' the hard
component o.r cosmic rays.
SECTION 1. DATA ON TH)a NTfl113TiR OF VARITfONS OBTAINJ L)
A. :c. ALIKHJ\N`CAT\T, A. I. ALT l`'IANOV ET AL, IN THE COT1,R5
OF WORK CONDUCTED ovi;i T1{lea PERIOD l9LIT i99
In tha l9)-7 - i9)-9 work the def'lcrtion ( )
f particles in
the magnetic field was determined by means of three rows of hodoc~copi.c
counters (two rows were placed above the dap of a permanent macnet,
and one below), while the range of the particles wadetermined by
means of a system consisting; of lead i iiters between which were
?Lspo sell rows of hodoscopic counters (see :or example description
of units in papers [2, 8, 9])+
From an analysis of the spectrum of impulses (deflections)
of the particles made in the 1918 paper [2], A. I. Alikhanyan, A. I.
Ala.khanov et al, arrive at the conclusion that among the stopped
single
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articles of non-eloctroni.c nature there are present particles
of either sign having a mass greater than the mass of a' meson. The
total number of such particles according to the direct experimental
estimate of Alikhanyan, Alikhanov et al, constituteS .3 percent of
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the nnunbQr off' party cias of' the hard component. A, I Aikhany h and
A. I. Aiikhanov point out that ancn the stoppacl p3.rtic1o3 heavier
than the mesons, cne' third has a ne ativs charge and only ons"$ifh
has impulaps correspon&,ng to ianpulses of protons, and, consequently, ;
not less than 3 percent o?' the hard camponsnt i.ntGnsity i,s composed
of particlss of n.eithc~r proton nor' meson nature. Farther, as A. I.
Alikhanyan and A, I. Alikhanov [2] point out as re f a,rda such particJ,ss
~'no t more than ono quarter can lac electrons. Actually, however, the
number of eiectron 3 amonz the sin 1e soft particles is consider, ably
below this rear}mum estimate." At the same time "the effect of
scattering :L'ron the poles is so ;mall, that it cannot be detected" L2].
The conclusion as to the extstence of particie,a di.f:ferent
from mesons and protons is arrived at by A. I. Alikhanyan, A. I.
Alikhanov, et al, also in other papers (see for example [8, 9]).
Moreover the use o:C a large mass spectrometer with eoordinatc counters
of small. diameters and of a marfnet hav1n ; a rnagnoti.c field i.ntonsi.ty
of about 7000 Gauss has made it possible, in the opl.nion of A. I.
Alikhanyan, A. I. Alikhanov, nt al, to solve the problem relative
to the nature of particles having impulses falling within the interval
excluding mesons and protons having the given ranges. "With this
variety of nays, the number of varitrons was found to be considerably
higher than was reported in the first investigations" [6].
Le 1, us consider the data of A. I. Alikhanyan et al, concerning
particles having a range of 2.14 w 3.6 centimeters Pb [9]. A summary
of the results obtained is given in figures 1
article taken from the corresponding figures
r'ablcs and of the same paper.
3 of the 'present
of paper [9] and from
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The nun1xr of particles, stopped within 1.2 oerltianat rs Pb,
Tr different defection interval, obtained.. by us on surrunation of
the co:rTesponding fi auras of Tables and ! 19], is shown in Table
1.
(To dc~tG~rmine the intervals of deflect'Ions (r ) for particles
having different nas,a values, we ascertained the interval of impulses,
corresponding to the given interval of ranges for particles o:i' given
mass. Conversion from impulses to defiectiols is made according to
the formula given in the papers of A. I. Aiikhanyan, A. I. Alikhanov,
et al, pc = (k/ ) eV C8, 9J, where lc is a coefficient having d?f"
i'erent values for, different experimental units (thus in paper [9]
M F~
. 10 eV ? cm).
In so doing we also took into account the; nlaxi.muxri error in
impulse value, due to terrrtinal `dimonsions of counters in accordance
with thc~ f o.r'muia of A. I. Aikhanov and, A, I. Alikhanyan.
( r..! pc/pc)
max
[8, 9]
The obtained limits of defiections for protons and particles
of mass . 300 me are shown in 1~'iuures 1, 2 and 3 of U resent
article.)
Results analogous to those shown in Table l can be obtained
from data published at an earlier date [8]. According to this data
w:Lthin the interval range of 1.2 - 3.6 centimeters Pb, the number
of varitrons of mass greater than 300 me but smaller than the mass of
a proton is about equal to the number of protons stopped within the
same filter. A. I. Aiikhanyan and Ae 1, Alikhanav et al, have dis-
covered varitrons also among particles which pass through all the
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r-r, TT
i7! ,
Interval of Deflec t ons of Particles n Magnetic Field in cr. O-8. 9-13
Particle f.asse.. in ?nom m > ''pr Protons
n
~(C
1
6f7 ~v
a
1
Q..
Taking into account lumin
+
s-! t y No
Taking into account luminosi Lit N
crass )
I~I~amc~er of gar itroi2s of different
in percent of protons 1
N'.ir er of -varier ons of both signs
protons = ?
positive . .
negative
'stirGi ` in ~ ~- *
+ N ??erce~rt
~F + ~. - ~
E l in erce_n .t of particles lt~~ H > 3.. centimeters P b 0.9 0.C?
~
percent. 1.6
1!
0 0~
_ correction ~ for luminosity taken from `~'i~je 11
CX --
!, !!
1Lie number 'r}~o
appearing in Table T of the paper' by A.
G. Nl O 1 U
T
i.
1 pr
In 3OO m ca:Lied to Ta1 e 2 o!' the pr.'c sen
CUn.~1O(','r,.., 011 ~Lc
As 1'c'ac.1Y''' ap')a1'cnt from this ~ab. ,
A. I. A khan1an, (:-t &L, [3 have auSC,r
exp of i f l.d flt S
Upar`bLc1C 1, Conc~lctecon (ffJ'cr'ont appar"a`Lus,,
on rf1c+.s ~; ccc
t with ono ano`Lhor'e HoWeVe1", fO1i [h] tlic o
` c c f 'a 1.J., ;r,ec, >r.,1Cn`~
~ ~ in a{,
a.c
auli1`1,ors `Llicrnse1' r ~~, ,-lion :cc~ J.~1i,'..ti c to 'c110
Y ' . 1~1~ .,,vo r'ccpuc{i.abo(i. 'the: assc:c
.ve,a ~.
`
o: is'lence of an over'Wheianin{ majOritr {)?V~11?lGS U~. thL VC).1'i'ron I11a55.
,
is cs 'war y to ernphaSiZ(. of ce more tIii t the rc~au1ts oi'
on 0e;'iJe:c'rn*flaUi.Un Ul' rlr.aSS of C(7S]'(1:1.C
A:l:i.lchw.ny, ~._.Li.1c17.anaV, o'L a:1.',
'
1 are in ~11,_~.1~p c7:.~~Caoc~~
r~ay~s par'ti..CieS, which we bavo considered. alcove,
~'-
anent with bho results results of all knov~rn inv.a:.`c;a.~ii,onr w c,evo`I.o do 'G is
f
Con ,
pxohiclU [IS] e In the ccr.r'r'se of work [16] by a.ssacia`cS off'
e i,rneni P. N. Lobeds,r, Of the AcaderaY off' Sciences
'Lh~ ; Physical .~.11~L..to
13 ~ ti`tude of 3860 rlle`ber~s, it was ?ocl that
SS, ,. (11.1.1"J..n;~ 19O at an 4 ~' ~.
19
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Qven ,L. ` eoFsmie do contain # p~Y' c1!K4' oJ,' rrY m o
thQ Q o;L' , proton ~nc4 , 'TI '..,~~c, rinnibor ~ caL r tc,'br tin
10 roc:ccc,nt of t ho rI rnbc r oi,' protQns ~r:i t 1 ~!.n Lhc a~u11r anr'c interval
(30 ~' 1o'r~ n;a/cut) ..c cent`l,ilubc.r I'b)
:Gn t}i 19O p 1aor A, I. Ali} hE nov tznc. A. I AJ,i} la4 nyan ^o "cr
to ?bh(( :E)r~ vi,ou J: catj,c)n off:` roc.., et i [17] con?riri:i.n their
concJ.l $:Lon:, lut fail to in l .catu that ;rode ha ~:l. uuias(cluently c~c:jnit'Lc cl
tho crroncoi,u nes
c' (tII1'Y
1 I J.J,
?:iToi.LiL ATJ,
y:L91..7 -, 19).9
'"T?: 1:;:r ~'rJ1t ~,I~i I[r. 'r?r~ . :! ~ ~)lJ
XT:) to now we have an.a1~red tho re iu1ts oistudio publ..shecJ.
,a 1:
l)/ A.
i. AJ khanov, A.
present )ar. ra :,h arc will s1io~r t}'iat reuu1ts of tho i9 O trork, how'rn
_.n`'Gh(3 JDa1)Gr Crj. Ae .re Ali.khinyan, ancPie ? 1J'11r'1ov LL .1 , ?'c' Llte
?bhc;:Lr pr:,LU' reEall1t,sap `:t to so ::'t US coinp(itt:co thnurabCr of va:i?'::Lrons
and thr~ form of observed mass spectra [::Lvon in the i90 ,gaper with
those oi:' the ..r carlier 1au.b1..i.cr;'.t:i.ons
Fi:L1st of a1.1 trc rust nobo that the apparatus USCcz in the
most recent wort'
o:L' hi. ~a :c'r:? G 18.1
.
j:':_: jH.u~.~~ fir, c()j;i,j
f 1 t':tA!:' A.:~:. ALl
C iii.]
likhanyan, et al, in 19117 w l9L 9. In the
differfrom the prev i ously utiiied tna a 3
spec'Lrom tern. rJ.'hi.s dl.?'fprcnc ' re dos -in the .f'o11ctr:i.n;: (1) the
maCric?Lic f'tcl.d i.s cro~ttec. by an e1ectr ~i.p;net TT.lr pia},c `~.
po si1DJ.e to concficL moas uroment?s :in the ma rnetic field as well as
without it. (In various discussions we 1~ael indicated repotectLy,
the necessity of such control experiments.) (2) Trajectories of
paiticl.es in the ma,:neti.c field are determined in a plane perpendicular
20
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to ?thc magnetic ieic1 a a well a in a piano parallel thcreo. A
total io rows e~i' coorclinated counters was ut L1;l ed, All this
~,~ o
has increased tho rciiab.1itY oi' each thdividU~1 trajectory ~s
well ' as tho resoiU'tion power of the inatrrunent, and ha~a ai o rnmdc
:Lt possib1e to e1i,minate scattering from poles of the rnanet;
3 ALL mesi.suremcrnts were conducted under a 10 centimatex' iGac1
f'Lter, which has greatly decreased thcr nwrtber of e1cctrons ~rnonga
parti.cle 3 o ?tha soft component
A cornp~.rison of the number of varitrons having -1laSea whose
values are within the interval from 300 to iEUa.O mo, according to
data ;ound in various publicanonS of A. I. Ali.khanov, A. T
Alikhanyan and their co-workers, is shown in Table L. of our article.
Data of column 2, Table ar:'e taken from t11able :i of our
article ? It is also shown there in detail how they have been derived.
In column 3 are shown data taken from publication XlO], since they
are used in the paper of A. I? Alikhanov and A. I, Alikhanyan [1LJ
eO Table 3 o:C their paper) e It must be noted that in dete.r,mining
(s
the nwnber of particles having a mass 300 me, Alikhanyan and
Aliihanov for some reason coni'i.ne themselves to values of their
deflection in the magnetic field smount:Lng to 21 centimeters,
Utilization of the aforesaid criterion for separating deflection
intervals of particles of different mass, which we have mentioned
~.n~~c~.
before (Section 1), shows that on determination of the number of
particles having a mass 300 me, the area should be taken which
.~
is limited by the curve (Figure 6) up to def1ecti.ons amounting to
23 centirtteters. At the same; time 4)ie determination of the number
of protons, summation should be made of only the trajectories with-
,
in the deflection interval of from 12 to 6.~ centimeters. These
conditions lead to the `fact that the number of particles having a
21
>~
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'nt ~e ~ ryrnqdiate of that cif a itieson and 'tat cif pr'otor~ oc~ox n
mass a.
.,
to data 1O 3 s actually greater than 8 percent and i equ.i to
C. ~
130 pore nt pt' the number of. protonso
see foUowing pace ;Cor rJabl.oa
r shows that the number of varitrona having a mass
~aule ~I
from 3~i ..0 to l3l.Ci mG, which ,.cl~ wore found in the most recent work [1i
4
is many tjlT than their number accorclin to result 3 of
.t(~s smaller ~~
earlier .nvestiWatiozls by 'thc same authors, namely f3.! times loss
~. >
than Lt~ ,'' work, 16 tines less than in the :1.91..49 work (acually
in the i9
.the discrEp 's even Fr, ^c-rater', since the criterion used by us in.
[~ncy ~,~
~~ ~ the relative nw77iaer of
determ.nin; the deflection limits decreases
var'itronS in the studies of 191.17 - 19L9
and even as estimated by
AJ.l1chanyan and AAlllhanov is 5.5 times less than in 1,he 1917 pub1icaw
r
lion. ( 1 fact that in the 19,0 experiments a study was made of
the impulse spectr of particles under 10 cent:ime tern Pb does
L~nl o
not alter this result, since, even e.cccr. dingy to data of A. ]:
l. ikh? anyan and A. I. Aiikhanov i1L~ the number of varitrons under
A
10 Pb decreases only LO percent. Actually this decrease
:xnc~ters
ccnt~
must be attributed to a weakening of tie electron back ground. )
A. Aiikhanyan and A. I. A1jkhanov contend that the recent
I ,
substantial discrepancy, in the number of
publ:i.cat:t.on [lLa snows no
particles, data of prior work. They cans1rtatc sing1G pa:r:'ticles oa mass ' 00 me,
Aito;''ot1ier the~so authors have found, after making tho
correction :L'or :Luminosity, L$ anomalous partic1cs. 'thus it is
apparent that the occurrence of at ieG,.st a consi.dexab:Le portion,
and possibly of all such particles, is caused by the above-described
proC?SS.
As a proof of the fact that nuclear absorption of T1`wrne sons
c1.oes not talce place in their apparatus, A. 1 Alilchanyan and A. I.
Ai.ilchanov adduce two reasons;
( a) of all the particles which constitute the ,;ro1p of
particles having; 'the masses '-' X00 and. ~-~ 1000 me, there were
registr~;red light particles of negative sign the impulses of which
are within the interval 3 - L.L " loa eV/c whereas in the impulse
interval. 4.1 - 6 " io8 eV/c there were observed only three particles.
A. I. Aiikhanov and A. I. Alikhsaiyan are of the opinion that this
constitutes . proof of the fact that nuclear enemy losses of
"7T-mesons cannot cause an apparent occurrence of particles with a`
mass of 500 and 1000 me because such energy losses within both
impulse .ritcrvais should have been observed about equally often.
This is not to say than the observed number of particles (8 ? 2.7
a~3
" 2 9 w;
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and ~ : 1.7) do not pQrrnit any oonciUsiQfs, but is vary dduotion
;a. an .ncorr c t one, sinc, ie ' within thQ i.mpu1se inteval
s ac.
6 eVfc there are e j ht particles, thin assuming tae sp(ctrLuTt to be
~,p ~
q;C tho ,i,, ,i,n tl~ a.mpu1se interval L.~.~ - 6 ' i~8 ~V'f c there
form d;i~/l'?~ r~
rau articles and not eight par'tiC1ee as i 3uppQSeCi by
~ tt , be five p
nydo and A. I. Alikhanov. With increasQ of the '1T..mason
A. I. Al' ~.lcha
impulse 'ther^r must also increase thcr energy transrni teed to particles
~
c~
of o1 the 1T meson, witl'i the nucleuS and cons
emitted on inter~l.Cto, ,
cjuently the probability incrCaaes tb&t secondary partLc Les are
re"i.stcred :i.n the 1wdoscope. Ti'tis 'may lctd to such a condition that
the track o:(' such a iT-meson will not be considered as being a single
one and, will, b?i totally or:litted, from consideration.
by A, :[. A1i1d'ian:lan and A.
:; is being pC 1..11 t(? (.i (71.1l:..i
Ai.ilcianov, 7monr}; the negative part:ic:Les ?Jitb i.mpules Ziithin the
3 ? r; ? 108 cIT/c, that i.s ar~onr partiCC1es of interme?i.ate
le:re are observed seven part: cleS s io pecl in a 1raphite la. re
rnass, tl
of )1 w 12 cent, i.rneter, anci 2L parti.clec Slopped within 12 w 21,E
cent1irrieter,, whc:rea4 in a case of nuclear ener;y' losses 20 pa'ticles
should have stopped in the first absorber.
HO'cr(ver, a process can be Indicated which in the case o?'
nuc.Jcar enereNY losses will result in stopping of "fF-meson essentially
.
in the lower layers of absorbents.
Assenting that on interaction with
the nucleus the '7T-meson lOSES Only a portion of its ener&y or 'brans-
.der :rtion of that energy` to a relatively ral.)ld proton, emitted
s a .~o
on nuclear 1is ;.ion. i'hon the secondary particles will be braked due
to janiLatiori losses. As a result the main portion of Tr-meson stop-
pin, due to nuclear energy losses which leads to formation of particles
with masses > 300 ins,
will occur in the lower :filters. The presence
of unpropaated electrons will also result in registration of stops,
30 -
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as sentiai:Ly, w th Lf the ioSrra:' ?'.il.ter,
The two x'eaaon~a r,efuti.n the contention that nuclear energy
iota t of "7T -mesone may account :or the apparent occurrence of
particles hea'rier than 'Tr~r71osc7rs are found, to be inadequate and
consc;cancnt1y 'f meson; detected i.n lazgo `niunbc~r under trio load must
nevi ssariiy induce the apparent occurrence of particles heavier than
the "1r "mesons,
2, To estirnabe scattering within count,'r walls A. T,
AJ..kharryan and. A, 1. Alikhanov uti iize the va],ue of the probab:Le
angle of muJ.tiple scattering. HOWr'V. r to demons tra'be the existence
of a sirta1J. nunber of particles with i.ntermedi.ate nia; ses on a back.-
ground ol'' a :Lange number of protons and mesons, this procedure can-
not be used. In such a ease it is indispensable to determine the
experimental deflection curve for the stopped particles in the
absence o:C the magnetic field. This way] done by Alikhanyan and
Aj.i.khanov i'or the :L'irUt time in the course of the 19;0 W()1(, but
with entirely insufficient s tati.sticai material, It was :L'ound ?bhat
for. ~c@ trajectories (FiF;ure 12 [iLi] ), corresponding, to a strai ,av,rrfa a mass o: f~
F ~O 600
c~oerrl:lc rays ~two rau~a~ ~ ~
t 1.a,~o ~ ~u.ch ~,~ to ~~~nde~t~1n~rr 1~ecUrdab1e by
and ac~0 ~ l,c~c~c~ rne, a'~
~~ ,~ r~~?Ler of A. I , ~.;l,a.kl~~~n;l'ah and
means a~ ~, unit like thrna~~~ slac,ctrca
.~~~ ,.resc~n~~ a niaat ques~l~iorla Since even
A. T~ A7:!1cYla~iav, rc~x~rr~.a.n~ c~p
M
'.~;Yi~~n cannot be con
the ~'pcent pOr7.tnenta of R.;l.a Y
,, cbave cons~~:a.tuin~~ a proof of
si.dea^ed, for reasc~ne entamea. ateci ~ ,
the e1~l.stence of such par, ticla.
aS wY~1ch have apps axed in recent years in the
Isac,d xe.~ex.r.~Gf.,a
. e i2, 2i, re.ardin; the e i.stencc~ in cosmic rays oi
1.i.~l,cra~GU.ro L ~ ,
' ~t :erarn thoc~e of' pr. otons, 1I ~- and
na~.~ticl,e;~ ha~r~i.n~, masses aa.~at.~nc
; ~~ nwnber is compl;~~ely' insignificant
)).rneSoflS, testify that tn~1
of' protons and mosorls, In addition these
in cata>.par:i.uon w:a" ~,h that Y
, es~~ ~Ya,an 1C.,.~ 0 seconds [ 21.] .
az'ta.cles a~~~~arent:,l.;~ have a l.a.~ c~ o.L l ,
p
^ , radically impossible t o obcerVe thorn
Both the, se facts render it p
by of A. I. A:l.ikhanyan and A . I. . Alilchanc~v
. ^
means of the mass specl,rnme~c~. a
CU?NICLU?SIONS
On the basis of a detailed. consideration of the c~nti re
.
ikhun an, A. L AlilclaafOV and their co'-arrorlcers~ on
work of A. I. Al: y ~ft
varitronS we reach the fallowing conciUSiarre;
l. As a result of ' aanp~^oved e:rperimental conc~.i.~~ians A. result o.f.
in the course of their l9~C work
Al.ikhanyan and A, I. A1.ilshanav
;icle,~ with a, mass n'~crrncdia.tp o:f' thata
I ll~~a o~7~l,ain a number o:? -pars
o~ a II ~ ~-rnes of a proton, ~rhich is many times smaller
-meson . and . that ^ ~ to earlier work (in comparison with the
than their ~ni~anber acco~. d~.n~~ ,
19L7 47 papc;1 it is at leas r ?5 Nunes- smaller in cornpar;i.saa1 with the
33
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/08 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200100033-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/08 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200100033-3
Bator,, 19L.9 paper it is _even i.6 times smaiier) ? It T111ow that
i,n al, prior wort' of A, I? Al1.khany In and ? I? Aiilth tnov at least
an ovewhe1rnin r portion of the observed of l'oct way caused by para-
sit;Lc background. In lieu of an ent:lre system of elernentary particles
with masses frozn 100 to 20,000 ma 11L1, of dif;Fercant valtaes of
varitrnn mass shown in Table 2 of the pro,sont article, A. I.
A1ikhanyan and A. I. Awlikhanov now affirm only the existence of two
groups o;C pa,r,ticles insignificant in their intensity with masses
of a00 6O0 and 900 1000 m.e
The results of tl'leir own l9~() work completely canc,1 all prior
work of these inve3tiat1ors.
2. Numerous experiments conducted particularly at the
Laboratory of the Physical Institute of the Acaderriy of Science [16]
also show that at least -an overwhelming majority o:C trajectories,
which A. I. Alikhanyan and A. I. Alikhanov had attributed in their
prior papers to varitrans, are caused, by various parasitic efi'ectso
Therofore on the basis of the work of these autliors it is impossible
to reach any conc fusions on the existence of particles having a mass
intermediate of that of a usual JA -meson and that of a proton.
30 Statistical examination of clata on the b asis of which
the impulse spectra in the 19L7, 19)18 and 19.9 papers of A. I.
Aiikhanyana . A. I. 'Alikh