A UNIFORM SPECIFICATION OF METALLIC MATERIALS USED IN MACHINE BUILDING OF THE USSR
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP82-00039R000200080026-4
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
R
Document Page Count:
77
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
May 7, 2012
Sequence Number:
26
Case Number:
Publication Date:
July 17, 1952
Content Type:
REPORT
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A Uni~'orm ~poc~.:~icata.on of eta~.].ic r~a~Lerial~ u d
G. V. Akzmov and K. I. Akimo~va
yedinaya spe~sif a.ka~tsiya me~talllchealtilth rnaterialov ~d
masl~inostroyeniya So~~uza SSP,, Part 1 and xI, publish
by tha Acad of ~ci.ences USSP,, pn ~-~3~ ~4~~~~~ 1~~'"Lo3a
and 211, Rusa~an book, 194
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STAY
'STAY
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UNx~aRr~ s~~Cx~xc~~~xo~r a~
~A~~xC i~~~R~A~s ~rs~~a
FOR ~1CHTNE BUILDING 1N
,.
~ USSR
G. V. Akimov, Corresponding
Member of ~~he Acadera~y of
Sciences ,USSR; and ~~~ I ?
,A.~imova, Candidate in Techni-
cal Sca.erices
zNTRODUC'I'xON
In the USSR all probloms of regulara.zation in any technical
field, above all prabloms of classification, of rational termi~
nalogy, ara.d of the correct construction of a system of standards
are of tromendous importance? The socialist character of our
economy permits thQ utiliza~~ion of all the advantages of uni~
fortuity of standardization to a degreo unthinkable of in the
capitalist wand, The All~Union character of the standards and
the possibility of constructing them on actual scientific fou~,aA
Lions should be considered a distinct feature of standardization
in a socialist econ.orny?
The rational construction of a system of standards in
k"~
the field of metallic materials is very important? Practically
all branches of industry are somehgw connected with the produe~
'
Lion ar the use of the most variegated me~~als or alloys? The
,~
L.
~~}
~'fi~
iN
49
rrumb~;r of metallic materials in use i,~ very' great? ~:t is, th~re-
fore, neae~sary that there exist & unif orm system of s~andard~.za~
Lion, desi~nation~, mnd technical specifa.cation f'ox` various metallic
s~tarials, Of course, pr,~.orit~ in this work is to be given; ~o
the field of ana~hine.building,~.n the Soviet`Union, with the concept
}),?{,j3tV;~~r a?,ti? s}r~},a~,~,~4 hl ila,?~urr~Y'4;~~,Y tr{~~etili";+i I^ll+nr~i1~;';f~l,i~iro~~"~9tr~'~4y}J~,~+rr"r,' ` u ` i ~'.,' + +~i1w4~~~~prr 'i}',,., r i,' rbt;~
,PI I~f11tl,~ird~~4, Y. ~1 ~w+A~` S G~, ~1~,.7 91~'r..;; fii Rk ,,',lAli,'~i ~`tlrrhh,.. ~.^i~~33lld'^} ~kr7Y~,t IlY~jr FJi:~li ~. ~~+ttl~ ~ ~ ~: ~1 V. i.1 LS '}'. i 4 1 'VY ! ,i ~~F..l., +Nt`~~~'.
++/, an~~1.i; ,~ i~.n,:~yPi f~ fr ,.y'~,i, PI',rrt~y. ~~7 r`, Nt.~rr.r~+.,, ~}r l47iTt~;r?y'~ft ,I~t~'~~tt,:i4Pj~k, I~i(w~ r`r:!'~8! +!?.~,'f ~ ~i7:~~; 0`x+1,. ~'~ 1~ rIL~,+4 it ,I ;r?;,i s ,
+1~r~d:Yh4ah~l l~k~u~~,},~l?~'~,it~~'.~~~+t 4~~~J~?'!1+1:'~,.~1..~J~:.;F1~,flC41~~f~~A91~~5~tirS.~i,i~ib:rd.s~.ng g p
into the foll.o~~'ing subgroups s
Alkaline and alkaline-earth
m?tals and alloys
~,9100~9199
Nickel and cnbalt alloys
9200-9299
Subgroup unoccupied
93009399
Subgroup unoccupied
9400~9~99
21
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It must be particularly emphasized that the des3.~nat~.ons
(marking) wh~.ch, in conformity with this syst?m of claf~sification,
are made u~ of numeral indexes ertain to the raw material _on1y~
p ~,._,...,......~._,........,.....--.._...W.r._.....
Semifinished products and sema.finished products in various phases
o:~ manufacture are designated by a different system of indexes,
as per the table belowm
Individual alloys witha.n the range of a sub~raup are
designated by numbers in sequence (the two last digits ).
~vrcury alla~rs (am~l~ams)
~xn~stan and mv~.ybdenum
9agq~-9~~~
al~.ays
96gQ~9699
~a.lver alloys and allays of
pxecious metals
97009799
zinc and cadmium allays
98a0~9a99
A~.l other a~,loys
99g0~9999
Semifinished Products
fob Dssignat
Rods
Stripe
Tapes
Profiles
Pipes, seamless
Pipes, welded
~W ire
Forgings
Stampa,ngs
die
S~mif ~silshed products A
pa?es~ed
Perma.ssible Abbre?viatian
Reds
Strips
TapEa
Prof
Pipes
.Pipes weld
~~'re
F orb, ings
Stamp
Press
~~~F1Mrt~r~lC ~tl~fl'~'~~ad ti4,.~~'i.f4y,'b..d~lo,,,~'n~7!ht~ll ~~i11^`G"'a41',1r?W~~'?n{~J34M.~7~~'~li..k nML,~~C~'~9T:;V~di~d~.hid{+d~!41.'~'!K~f,!i'W Vt~Li41~b~:x~).r~~~Yn .cif d~YJ!i~.i ~~lJ~a~r~Yi,, i~ ,~ ti~'~ i Ii,PS
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Castln. s, in ?~he cpen Casting "zam~.'~
(earth)
s chilled and Casta.n~ "~~ol~til inn
Cast~n~ ,
Cast~.n~ "love"
xn~ots
Q, flan ed tape profiles are desl,~nated "profa.les"
~'OOtnot ~
ProM
o11in are desi~r~atEd "profiles prol~atn" (rolled}~
.f ~.le s made by r ~
' cl~- ress~made profiles are desipnat4d "profiles press'"
D a. p
Som~.f~.na.shed products no?~ Found in the list above are
' nat;od in full ~~ no abbreviations permissible, r~'he physico~-
desa.g
' n of the matera.al, alongside of its .chemical
chema.cal conda.ta.o
' is the most important factor for the determination
c; ompos ~.ta. on,
he technical characteristics of the sema.fnished product, .The
o.~' t
allowing letter desi~nat~.ons (as in the table below) of the
f ~
' copchein.ical condition of the semifinished product are to be
physa,
permitted,
Condition of Semi-
D4s~.~;na-
manufactures taon
1, Heat-treated
~, Annealed
3d Normalized N
4a~Cold-hardened
5. Cold-drawn ~
6. Cold rolled
7, Hot rolled C
a. Cas"t
Nate
The numera?1 subscript in tho
letter designation of the heat
~~raatment (T} indic~tas the
specific type. of heat. treat
msnt, ina,srnuch as the same
material may require savors/
cycles of heat trea~mont in
order to obtain various d~e-
sired properties, The
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corres~~ond~n~ head ~~reatm~enb
diaated a.n the. ~o.~?chn~,aa1,
~.s ~n
ass axt~t of the ~,teria~.o
p ~
desk, nata.an capibal ~,ebtprs
~hQ ~
are- trans~.iterated From bh?
Pu,ss3.a~
the
' tian of the surf ac? f ir.ish of
Final~.y, for the des~.~~
~ o~,lowin~ system is su~~e steel
sema.rr~nufaaburo, bhe
S~ ace f~' aw nosh
Abbrov~b,?-0n
for a.ce.
Finish
Ground
~urna.shed
Calibrated
sandblasted
laickled
tal Plated~l)
~~e
Galvanized ~
Cadmium Plated
Copper dated
T~,n Plated
Chromium Plated
Nickel Plated
(~
Vanished
passivatad
Gr nd
Brnsh
Clbr
Cand~bl
,Pckl
I~~obpl
Glvn
Cd~dm
Copp
Tinpl
Chr ompl
Nickpl
Varn
Passiv
Nobes
~~~ ~ Unless spec3.ally inch"'
Bated, metal p~,a-~~.ng, in the
casa of aluminum alloys ~ means.
plating with pure aluminum;
in the case of iron alloy's
pla tang with c oPpe ~' ?
(2) - In the case of brief
s e cif iea~ta~ ons , bhe method
p
of ga~.vana.zing is
Gated ?
tective lacquer
not. indi~
' ~na,ti.on of a semirc~,nu~actuxe, f or bhe
Hence, a full. des~g,
ses of drawings and, spec~.fications
pulp?.
will look, for example,.
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~. ire this
010 .... Zh (carban steel, annea~.ed)
omium steel, heat treated)
310 ~,. T~ (chr
themselves (rails, forga.ngs, pipes,
On thA semamanufacturvs
? 1 neoessary to punch aut the desa.gnaM
pls,tps, etc), a.t a.s rnost y
~ ~,,e,, altogether four numeral digits;
tion of thv material, an y,
es the physico~ahemieal candation,
and, an a small numbor of cos ,
?treatmvnt index (onv or twro digits)
manly, the heat
2 ~ T~~ TEGH~I~CAL PASSPORT OF
Tr~E I,~.~TAL'LIC ~.T~R1-AL
standard sped-
ur ose of the technical. passvort
Thep p
exhaus~tave technical (quantitative,
fications card) is to ga.'ve an
' Lion of the material an as brief a form as
i,~ passible) desc.rip
' 'call. f'aunded descrip~aon rr~y be derived
possa.blea A scien~ta.fa. y
? of these passports. In discussa.ng the yn"'
only on the bas~.s
? n of some given data in the specif icat~.on,
elusion (or exclu,s~.o )
' cal. description of the material. must be
an exhaustive techn~.
? that an characterizing 'the ~,,texals,
available; a.t being the case a
ba fal~l.ov~ed,o Otl~,er~rl.se, the comparing
the samFJ ps,ttern must..
c become difficult. The: basis of
and choosing of ~tera.al~ will
as is the case in the classification of
the teckaxla.aal passport,
kcal. composl.'r,a.an of the material.
metallic n~.terl.al.s, ~.s the cher
. ? cal asaport as to canta~.n r~~ala.able cal.~?
In add~.t1~on, the techn~. p
. icl1, are of pra.mary importe.nre to the.
culation charactcr'~st~.cs, wh
basic va~.u~s f.ar the yr~ch~nical and
desagn.er e These az e the
r~tiss of the mater~.al. in the same stata
physa:co?chem.~.cal props
tructian.. Thal, howevsr,,,.~.s not to
an whic~l it a:s .used ;an cons
'25
7 ~~~{e~1~r1 Y k~~4M~h1(~Ill~,~tij~{yy~r~~lix~j'~~I'~~~~~n~~~M~i~~a}~~~~{1~'~*~~~,~rt~y~~ i~{~:
~r~~ii~~~Sl~~im ~~ wy ~ ~~~y, i f~ n 1 ~ t~3,~1ij~'~ ~~~t~a~ ^' d~ ~ ~?~~~~+P~1~P~I~fr~.~i~~~1N?'~~~~G~~"4~
l 4. n. , ti~.~ ~. ~rf ~., f.. ~ J wa I;PL,i~ l~ll ~7 Y~'h~~ .
itized Copv Approved for Release 2012J05/07 : CIA-
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permissib1 4 range of values for a given characteristic. This
is of partioular importance in the case of charaeteristics
appearing frequently in design computations, and also in the
case of indexes to be checked during the inspection of the
material.
The technical passport is to contain the most important
technological data ; welda'bility, machinability by cutting, the
potential for hot and cold deformation, casting characteristics
(for molding materials), etc. Also here, much of what only
yesterday had no practical significance is today necessary in...
formation to the technologist. For instance, electrical con-
ductivity used to be important only as a characteristic of conM
ducting materials. Today, with the rapid development of heating
metals by means of the Joule effect (by passing a current through
the material) and with high-frequency currenbs, this character
istic (and at various temperatures) is frequently required. Of
course the technical passport must not become unwieldy. The
data entering into the technical passport is to be absolutely
reliable, thoughly checked and rechecked, and amenable to
practical utilization. First of all, it is to contain the revised
standards and technical specifications. Then, the most reliable
data developed by research institutes, foremost industrial
enterprises, and some data from domestic and foreign literature
should be included:.
At the present time, exhaustive data pertaining to all the
properties of all the materials is not yet available., Hence
some materials will be characterized in greater detail, while for
others only elementary data will be available. This in itself
A~; rah tJ'up C~yyr l;~+r o1p~,, r~N,~ryF" ~'f i Yw~ Y~ e?! i
N4 Cs~ ~tU
q? jjr
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will further stimulate the process of filling in the missing
data. In addition to the numerical and brief quantitative charaot
teristies, the technical passport is to conta:.n the most imporw
tart diagrams which may be useful to the designor and technologist
in tha form of supplements r
The technical passport of a metallic material is a
generalization of our practical experience. We are of the opinion
that the technical passport will become the effective means for
the propagation of the foremost experience pertaining to the use
of metallic materials in structural assemblies and machines
throughout the nmach.ine'building industry.
The technical passport (standard chart), as finally laid
out, is shown on pages 14.15. Below are instructions for filling
in the passport data. This procedure is necessary in order to
eliminate all po>sible ambiguities in making up new passports and
in utilizing the passports already available.
28
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t~f19~n16~i,f ?r
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(M~RNG) OF CARSON STEELS
The availability of a wide selection of alloy steels
with variegated mechanical and physico-chomieal properties
sometimes results in the uncalled for replacement of carbon
steels with alloy steels.
Wartime and postwar conditions call for the utmost
care in the consumption of metals, particularly o' the high-
cost and short-supply alloying admixtures, Hence a wider use
of carbon steels is desirable. For this purpose it is important
to know exactly the mechanical properties of carbon steels and
the effective range of conditions under which these properties
prevail. With the proper selection of heat-treating procedures,
carbon steels acquire very high mechanical properties. As can
be seen from Figure 11 in the Supplement, the ul :irnate strength
of carbon steels is fully comparable to the ultimate strength
of i any alloy steels if they are annealed to ap roxinately the
same hardness. However, with equal hardness carbon steels fre~
quently lose in ductility (Figure 12, Supplement), which is a
very important mechanical characteristic in the selection of
material for construction purposes. However, in varying the
heat-treating procedure, it is sometimes possible to combine
high strength with adequately high ductility, as can be seen
from the Beyn.Table below, which shows simult.neously the effect
of both carbon and structure upon the mechan:~cal properties of
29
PART xT
CARaON STEELS
THE CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION
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carbon steel.
Mechanical Properties
Teehni Carbon Steel with l% C
Lamellar
Granular
Strue ture
Pure Perla.tic Perlitia Uponardw
.--
,
Iron
L- - .-
e nin,nd
Tempering
Yield point, in kg~
18 60 26 ....
sq mm
Ultinmr.te strength,
.
ink sq mm 30 105 55 162
Elongation, in % 40 10 sU 13
Reduction of cross
section area, in
70-75 15 (so) 57 45
Brinell hardness 60-85 300 158 540
The particular characteristic of carbon steels that con
reduces its application is its relatively low amenability
s ide rob ly
to heat treating. Only articles of sn.ll cross section are fully
permeable to heat treatment. Hence if, in the case of large
cross sections, a homogeneity of high mechanical properties
the cross section (and not a stepped"up ductility of
throughout
the core) is called for, alloy steels must be used. Carbon
steels are poor in mechanical properties as compered to alloy
.
stee ls when operating at stepped~up temperatures, in, conditions
.
req
Li ring higher chemical stability, etc. Carbon steel has
high mechanical properties only after heat-treating in small sec~Berns at room temperature.
Leading Soviet plants, proceeding from the difficulties
-3
0
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fared the possa.biiity of the widex' appli
created by the. war, exp
aataon of carbon as substitutes for allay steels in short
steals
?"
l . Some plants, after selecting, proper' heattraating, pro
supp Y
ible to use carbon steel for vital
cedures, cons~.dered ? ~.t feas
bolts an airplane construction.
There are more than 150 various designations of carbon
.
? T're uently the various desig~,tions
steels in the Sovaet Una.ono ~.
?al com o~,ation that their p~"o}~er~~ios shou~.d
are so close by chem` ~.c, p
an abundance of designata,ons is due to the
be identical. Such
fact that each branch of industry, and sometimes even individual
plants, proceeding from their individual needs., have established
r steel.: Naturally. such an excessive
their awn specifications fa
ions frequently containing unreasonable de
number of specificat ~
Bible ranges of chemical compos~.t~.on
~.s
mands pertaining to the perm
a ' cliff acultieS for the metallurgic
and purity, creates unnecess ry
cal plants.
To facilitate producti0n it is necessary first of all to
desi.nations, resorting to new specifications
avoid excessive g
Secondly, ranges of content
only when actually necessary. Second/Y, the
of individual elements must be adequately wide. Thirdly, the
r
ontent of
~specif icatians for individual subgroups as to the c u,
ossible.
contaminations are to be unified as far as p ?
admixtures and
s mers the carbon steel specification
From the. viewpoint of the can u , ~
ions for the wade t
f gnat ~
must contain. an adequate number o desa
ernes required by the various branches
variation in mechanics,].-prop
of the chinebua. ?ld industry. YIn many cases, there is no
~.ng
call for purity, and a h~:ghe~` contezat of sulfur
steel of high and phosphorus is permissible. The use of steel of a higher
31
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I
1
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contamination makes for the wader utilization of our industrial
ce the deli nations for steel of a lower purity,
resources ~ klen ~
sulfur and hosphorus, to be used in less vital
with rplata,on to p
assemblies, must be entered into the speoification. The now
. on for carbon steels has been developed on the basis
speca.f a.ca~Li
of the GxOST VKS, OST, and the technical, standards and specif i''
ata.ons of the individual people's commissariats, such as
c
NKCLM, NKTM, NKTP, NKB, NKAP, and others.
The. content of sulfur and phosphorus for all designations
32
xn the uniform specification project for metallic materials,
is ro osed to distribute the group of carbon steels into five
a.t p p
? the first subgroup (01) for carbon steels of normal
subgroups ?
? cond sub roup (02) for carbon steels of a stepped
p~~ra.ty, thF se g
on? the third subgroup (03) for carbon steels with
up contama,nata. ,
?. content of manganese ; the fourth subgroup (04) for
a stepped up
arbon steels and the fifth subgroup (09) for parties
automa~ta.c c
cular carbon steels of special purpose. The two f ollowing
' its in the desi.gnation of carbon steels express the average
dig
carbon content in the given designation in hundredths of a per
cent for group l the same, but in excess of 1%). For example,
(
' nation of carbon steels with a carbon content of
0320 a.s a desig
/~ to ed-u manganese content; 1110 is a desig-
Oel5-0.25 and a s pp p
tion of carbon steel of normal purity with 1,1% carbon.
res ect to the carbon content each designation of
With p ~.
r~.
mat urity subgroup (01) differs from the adjacent one
the nor p .l
05 An exception to this rule are two designations with
by 0.
. on content and designations with a carbon content in
10W 'Garb .
excess of 0.9%.
" "~?~ } ~~~' ? ; rt anitized o A roved for Release 2012/05/07: IA-RDP82-00039R000200080026-4
"~.~~~~r,~~~:.~~"~.~...,~`~; , ~~.,.,~"''~~" ~ a, ,,~~} ~~~~~~~ ti~a, ecassiie in a - PY ~p _._ __
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(excvpta.ng thcase with ~ carbon cac~n?5en?5 ~n axaass of 0~~5~)
of sub xau s 0~. and 03 a.s aacep?~ad as ?~ha same ~ 0.0~5~ off' si,1~,~'ur
~ p
and 0,050' of phosphoruse These ftigurss are ~.n co'armity w~.?~h
tha wartime moda.f ~.catians a,n GOAT 81050-~1 e Similar standards
ax:~s?~ in the Amexican specification drawn up by ?5hv 5aciety of
Automotive Engineers (SAE)S xn subgroup 02, aftar the ju~ctapo~
sition of the compositions of steels us~ad at the present:, the
sulfur content was established at 0p07~0.08f , and ?5he phosphorus
conten~5 at 0.09 oe For the subgroup of automatic s?5ee1s the narms,
as er the existing COST, were retained: sulfur 0e08M0e16f
p
aa~c~. phosphorus Oe06~e Finally, far ~rhe subgroup 09, the arnaunt
of sulfur ar.~d pl~ospharus is as~blished separately for eacY~
desirnatiax~ in relat:~on to the purpose and the reguirod mechani-
b
c&~. proper'SieS.
The 1a.~~a.ts far the s~.licon cont~n?~ wi'Sh the e'~Ception of
s ecia]. requiremen?5s are established at QelS to Oe40~. The upper
p
li~n~.t is somewhat highex as cainpared to the same in thc~ warMtime
revised GOST, but is almost equal to the originally establa.shad
GOaT ~0e37~~. This negli~;ibl? inaxe~~se in the silicon contc~7at does
not affect the mechanical propcxties, bu?5 somewhat facili'~.'Ses
the production of st?elm
The 1imi~~s for the ma~~ganasc con'SPnt are also somewhat
e~ ended in all subgroups as against the existing standards but
p
they are lower tY~an the SAE spgcificat7.an.e This was done for the
same reasons as above,
Two desi~nt~~tians with a stepped-up manganes? content are
entered in the~.~subgroup of 'automa~~.c steels. They are des~.gnmted,,
;r~~~
Ft~",r
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O~l.~a rind Q~;3Ea c~~ d~sta~nc~t Tram. dQSZ~natior~s O~a.a and 0~~6 w:i.?th
a l.owor man~anas4 content
~:n order to reduce the number aT' axa.st~r.~ dvsa.~nata,o~n.
were ~rou ad by tl.~e a,ndox of carbon content and, a.n aach
that' ~, p
s ch rou the dr~sa.gnat~.on wa~~~h nor~t~l. put ~t;l and the des I.~SIa~'
u ~ p,
~oxis with cont~~.ml.natT.ans, otc, wars amalgamated, Each such
t
amal~,arn~~~tion constituted a now. dosi~nation, Anew des~.r;raation
~s almost a.nvar .ably a unifa~eata,on of sev?ral ol.d ones, The
d~.stribution aT' the oxl.sta.xap dosl.~nati.ons in such a mannar, re-
ducod the:~r number three ~ta~il~s ~ 'T'heta arc in existtcncc~ l5l
des'i~;n~~tl.ons; the proposal cuts theta down to 56 r~ sae Tr~bl.c~s
6 and 7, wh:~ch will :Callow l'ur~thc~r on a.n the texts
According to GOST and departmental. specl,:fics.tion tho
?a number of sern~.manufacl~ures made at the preson~t tame from
tot ~
carbon steels amounts to approximately 200 (see Table ~i), The
coon in the number. of carbon steal. designata.ons resul,ta in
redu
the corresponding roduction of tha number oT' sern.irr~nuT'actures
see Table 9) ~ T.n setting up the specl.T'i.cata.on for carbon steels
(
it was natural, to take into account not only their chemical
ition but also their rnecJ~.nicz~l proptarties, The r,he.racteris-
rompos
'r',?
tic o:C the mechanical, prapertl.as rele~a?ted to the individual '
~$
~~
' factures in a part~.eular state was developed predoml.na.nt~ ~,,
s~ema.manu
~~
~u;
1 by the data oT' GOST and of the departmental. spoci:Cications. E
Y ~~~.
It must be remembered that the above data containunusually
stied xe uirements ~nrith re~'ei~ence to the same desi~natl.4n of
v ~!.
carbon steel, as seen from the fallowing tabulation,
34
I
~~~
x[,
f Y ,. .L .... ~. ., .~~ ,, .., ..~ .I:.I,.,.. ~ r u ,, y.:,,.. 1:? u. , i.. , s .1.
r l , ., 9, . ~, ,. .., , _ ., , . r ~ ,, w i . ~. ,,.i .a, , r .. ..4 ( n ~ , it G . ( ~ r I ., ~. ,+~~a
1 .,, s ~_ , -. ,. .~. i, r.:. ..~. r ..[ ..,,. ~. , ~.~,,. ntq r;, ( (.. ..t r.. v..i 1,,... :~?. ~.~ :.: ,., ;i;>. ,: f ..4,i ,. ~ ,. ~. I .,:P:.
ss I . x.. : .t. ~., r., nc ~ ,u,.. r :. ~[:{ ,.u -.~~i f.,:.rr .{ , ? /,.1, i ~~'~. .,,5 T.1 , ,. , :~~.,~.~,
~~'i dr I(a,{~ I ,,:.~ I~ ,r..~,~ ,; ~I 1 :~i_e ,Yi::Sl,.;nctl~,Mv d:@,~F,.,}n .lG.~,. ~:~..~k,[. )'tl.....,.u,..li,{,,..,,.,.,ti.3~,,. fi,,;da,~ .aa l.fi~._,,.h,;~,......[V~i, ,.+~ .L,.:fV. . I.r,.. ,c. 4:~Yn..: n.. N.. .x. ;':i(7~
~;a~'~d ?~,;.~~,~? , ,,. ~ ~ ~ , . __ =., ,~ ', .`~ ~?` I a .~~'Wr ,''r,r',~~~a , ?? `~`~:r';,i Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copv Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026 4 {t';~~R?`''`
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Annealed 55
~, T"ir X51
COST B1fl51
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~n tha cage a~' lama ssr~3.zr~~nu~'aa~ux^c~s dram a a~uinbar a~'
aarban steed des~.~nat:~ox~~ the ~,~da.aa?~~.ar~s of tha rag,ua?red me~.
ahaniaal proper~~a~ are ~enora].ly absent - Hence ~~ becamo
neepssary to uta.l~.7e som~o e~~a.sta.n~; techna.ca~. la.tarature data, .
ss~.sct .~r~g the mast re~a,ab~,e of th,s wane
The de,ta thus dera.ved ~'ar each des .gr~ata.on of aarban steed.
~Nas carra.ed arx~o s, special chart ~M the technical passpart-
Ph lice/ az~d other properti.as aro ?taken predominan't~y from tech",
y
nica~. literature. These da?~a frequently pertain nc~ to a dofinits
de~ign~ation of stall but are obtained as a result of in~esti~ .
~atin~ the effect of cr~z^bon upon soma property' o~ iron, as, far
instance in the case of electrical conductivity and ma~n~;t~.a
pro~ertiss~
For the characteristic of heat coneluction the Esser and
pu,tz data wsre utilized. As compared to the results of sores
other re ,larch Chess f i~uz^es, rela?ting to roam temperature, are
someti~rhat high but appsar to be Cho most reliable with reference
to the thermal cosff irisnt of heat canduationd
A numbsr of diagrams and tablss from the most rel~.ablo
css characterizing the propertiss of rr~:ny d~si~r~tions of
.sour ,
stssl undsr ~rarious conditions, are appended to the technical
passports of subgroup Ole
Diagrams of ~var~.iatians ~.n the. properties of iron alloys
in rslation to carbon content and a table on .the rc~chinabilit~,~
of carbon stssls from American sources (Table 3 ~.n the. Supple
meat) are to be found in the Supplement.
~daw ;hen,, in accordance with this project, it is propasec~
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tQ Qst~bl~.ah a z~ew spao~~~.aata.on ~'vr ma'bal~.~a mr:~~ax~.ale, p~~^~?
a bon steels, that wall ba un~~'orxn ;fox all bxanohes
~a ;~na.ng boo x
off' ~~he m~ahinvMbua~lding industa~y off' the U~S~.~
' s pc;~~ication, 153 here~~e~'ore ~~vv.i.lab~.s designa~
In tha.s p
dina~ad and the number off' designations reducod
tlazia ward. coor
to 5G~
'1'ha newly-proposed designata.ons of. carbon steels are
' ~' bated into 5 subgroups by bhe a.ncl.e~ off' purity, conte~n~t~ of
da. s t~ a,
r~nganese, and special purpose
o~~ each, designatiaz~ of carbon sled/ there is a technical
F
s cur~'e raphs and tables, characteriza.ng its pro-
passpoz?t plu ~
perties under varioua cc~nditi.ot1s.
s, captained in the GQST V~~~, departrncn'~al technical
The dal
ooks marking instruction manuals and speci~
speri~'ioat~.ons, handb ,
? data From R~,lssian and f aI?eigp technical liter-
ficata.ans, and also
ature were all utilised.
Table 1.0 ~aok age 194 3.s a pro~o~ed collated specifica~
...
' r carbon steels embracing the chemical. composition,
ton f o
ernes a plioatians, ~.nd the, previous designat~.ons
meahanzcal prop ~ p
that were merged into the new unif orrn desigr~tianA
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~6
TABU
--~ - T I~G
~~ ~T jT ~,y ~ ~~ACrIIi~ BUILD
n , ~ i-~ ~ r 1.iY SO Y ~.L7- 1
_ ., ~ TO GRADES U
~ m ' ~D ACCGRDIl~G
-, n - D_S_hIBUT
n~T,~~~T~n m,,~~ ~ nF r,aP~?~0~~ STEELS
~g~~i i~ i vi 1 ~' "
~~ for
J
_1 u..
ca~.a F
ttin
s~ g
TSTO ST3Ts
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I7ang
T ~ ~ amen c-- Gtin s
per C ese Content Ca,. g
H~. h ~~g Automat1e
g Purpose - --
1 Spec_al L
alit. Quaht.- Iona
Qu ~
uaht .~.~..,~.. ~
Q
. i ..~02fl
to lOG G
Au
5 P-11 2~ A 3 K
Steel titre ?
~ w L V'?~
? t A
S ~~
~ ~~~?
J Y
1,
3
.~ Ali
S ~.~
25- 518 ms=s
S_7~ A 2e 5~ 25-t~522
X53 a-3e 6~ ~5 ~~2~
65c 35-~e~
65~P 35-5C19
7oc 35-522
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oa.2;
a~.30
0~.3~
o~~ o
o~~~
T~~~
~~~~~ ~~~~1 .~,~~o ~~G~~~~
~~V~5:~0N 0~ 0~1~ oN
~N~W a~C~~~'~M) .
ot6o
0~.6~
a~~~o
017
oti~a
018
U~9o
.11.10
1120
X130
Tatal 2~'
022
023
021~~
02;~
0260
02~~a
'~o1,aJ. 9
0330
030
030
0360
036
p3~rU
.0380
Total 7.0
0130
01~3~
oL~36
Tot~1 7
p~rer~.~.l Tod l: ~
~~
o94a
ogle
09~~
a960
To~ta1 8
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~~larm~. Puy: it;S''
subgroup o1
Ha,gher
Cantama,n-
a~ian Sub~raup
' her T~n~anM Autamat;~c ~pec~.a~.
I~a.~
eee Content Steeds ~ub~ ~tee~au 09
~rau Old gaup ~,1~~,~, , pub r
~IY
~,y~YAM
090
oa.a2 (~,rmko )
oga8
0
8
a~.0~
o2oa
30
o~.~a.a
oq~.0
0~~.0
09~~
o~~~
02~.~
a3a,;
o~.~~
0320
a1~~6
o22a
01
20
0~.?.0
.
e~i nation
D g
-0102 Armko A
E
p90K 1Q A
Electr I
0108
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~~ ~ ~
TA ~
...~....--- v
- em ~'
_ ; ~- ~ s ~~n S s t -~
T ~, ~ ~ t~ GN STEEL ~- g Y ~,
~ ~thDE aF ~.~ ~
~" ~ I~~FACIUhE~S _ ~
S~i~~A ~ ~
v o
c>3 ~ vx ~ };
H d `~ ~3 U
TUFtES
~Ai~UFAC -~.~
SEMI-- ~
~a ~ ~ ~.,,
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
;~ ~ ~ ~~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
,, ~~ u ~ ~ a
0 (~; ~
~ ?~
-- ?r
.~..e~
2
2
1
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
15 A
15 kp
STZTS
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Auto-
matic lOT
oQIQ _ 1 U i c~
_ cold
u set~in
P ~
,~:~6.;,d.,
~~~~:
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Stieel
m~ .~? T
1__ S s.
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S~1~
0255 55-6010
55-bo12
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a25o 5-63
o69a
St~e~.
The
Steel
Tire II
.Steel
Tire iII
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Nei.: Old
.0170
Steel
Tip.?e
027o s-72
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P?ew Old.
q0
o75 75
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~~~~.
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X16
9915
oi2o
0220
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
095
oiz~
0220
0320
-0120
0~-'5
022;
413
~33Q
0~3~
0135
0235
ot~35
0435
oii:o
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
TaT~T~ ;
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0170
.0270
0370
0175
oi~o
0380
0185
SUI~IMA.RY SPED ZFIi,ATIO~
~e5ig-
~at~~.
oio
0905
~ C ompQSition
~ h e m i c a
Cr Ni S P
~ r~ s~ N o z r6~ T ~7) ($)
~) ~ ~ (5) ~
than Cu
Not more p~o30 0.08
a.o25 0.035
idot I O~ 6th o.l~
0.14.
o,o~.. oa25- X015
ooi2 oe65
ooo?,-
~o ~.,
o.i2
oe4a_
-
oe9o
0.15-
o.t,o
o3oe
Up ~~
0,80-
o
0060-
a.9~
O.lo
1. t
04-
0
~o-c
dot
X908
.
012
0 ~e~'
over
~~ .:,
fl~20
0.025 0.15
0.20 ovo1~ 0.04
0.20 oa3o 0a5o ~.oas, rr 65 3r
p, 65 4.8Q 0.10 wire
0260 o>SS- o.~o
o.ZO o.90
0.15- oe3o oa3o a.o~ 0.09
o,l~o
o3bo o.5a o.70- 0.~5-
0.65 i.oo o,~;o
F~r~i:~ s
g
oe3o 0.30 0,0,5 oeo5o r~oas n 7Q 3a
0960 0,50- 0.60- 0.15- 0.055 o.oso steel
0.?0 0.90 O.L;O tires
0165 0.60- 0,45- O.1K- o.3o a.3o o.o~[ 0.05o Rods, N 66 38
0.70 0.80 O.a~ Vrire
fl3b5 0.60- 0,90- 0??5- 0,30 0.3~ 0.055 0.050 Foods, N 75
0.70. 1.20 0.~0 wire
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
el tires
lls ~. to
3
castings
' ued
z~ 1G Contln
T~B~
18
r .~.~
if -~a~~,
6 _. ~ ~- 3
l t.ST~I ,
-? ~; s late par ,,~ ;
-~ zn s . .,,_e , P -6032
T r ~ org g ~ e
T.ot ov E s eccen ~r~.c ,
? n roller ,
roll- g
3
23o astln s
. of~.le c g
sir=~} s ~ Pr
g
? -~G12
.-EG~G~
S- ,
_ rof ~ le
~ ;ai urPcse, P
?pec~. P
l0 35
ecial purpose.
Sp
~.0-45
35
30
230 (~h)
230 (zr_)
230 {Zh)'
? to arts ~
les la ~
~n s a , P
~'org g s .. ?
h-lead cdrrylr~~
e zcx hag
wlr
cables
to cS~~,
es la P ..
s dl ~ P
Fob g-~ } ~--~e
el ht locos-c
ar~d fr g
assEnger
P ~' oad
d r~lr
. ~ ra~.ls an
steer tlrek,
~ tires for
~ fires stee_
stee.~ ~ ~
cam'
? b~aild~ g
ctiric?-r;,ac:~-ne
e sn ele
us
Rails
~lre I
~? ~ eel tare
~ 6 st
b ~
feel tire;
O--G rail, s
5 ,
esia~ons
viaus d
P~ v
~. -e 11 ? ~1
S ~ee~ t~.re ,
'- t7.re
S peel
S ? '~
b 70 V ,
b Ir
s cczls ~
-:absorber ,
s shack
Spring ,
~~dGP
bG.
s coils, ~:
~- absorber s
- ; s shock
Sp.c_ng ~
~- tires etc.
or s peel s
wise f
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
~~~?~ l0 Continued
1; 5
o17fl o.bs- 0.!~5
0.75 0.80
a
8
i0
~.
0.15- 0.30 0,30 0.055 0.0,o Rods, N
0.40
027 o.bs- o.i~o- o.ls-
0.08 0.90 0.~ o
lore
0.3~ Oe3a 0.08 0.09 Forg cgs
b7
0370 0.65- 0.90- 0~~5- 0.30 0.30 o.ao5 o.oso Roar N 80 42
o. r5 z.2o o.l~o
0175 0.70- 0.~5-
0,1~- 0.3~ 0,30 0.055 0.050 Strips, T 110 90
0.80 0.80 0.1 ~ 0 wire
0180 0.75- 0.15- X015- 0 30 0,30 0.0?~0 o.~t,o strips, ~v z5-??o
0,85 0.80 O,LtO plates
0380 0.75- oeho- 0.15-
0.85 ~.n o.~o
0185 o.so- oe45- 0.15- ~o:o
- 0.90 0.80 0>!~0
0190 0.85- not 0.15- 0,3~
0095 over 0.~~
0.l~~
0.0lt0 0,0!0 Rods,
0.30 0.00 O.OI~O Stxips, T 115
jS1Z'2
lb -?00
i ~ 5
c 0, o o Oo a.~0 T~.~e
C,~ a.
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3Q
30
~pp~7~ 10 Continued)
18 19
16 17 18 'l~c,
nn iT7n. T17' A11ti79
0
7
,
4; is hot-
, Steel tires, c ~ tee/ -dire
~ Q ~Zh S
L1 ~ ?~o Tools
~ n rol_er.,
ro~.~- g ,
? ~+ o im act ana
~bev~t ~
s ~ ,
nsz oerahile
s re~v~`~'-g cc
shack _ ,
~. ? ~T mcderatie aegreE
u111-t at a
a11C J
s ~rdne~s
a h~.
5-72
st~~ir~gs
y r~:~~..., c3~e
rs 1 ~ U ~
230 ~
70G
o s~
., 7d V }
7~
b>~~ ers, coins,
S'~r.Ln uS, ~ .,
0
,~ r frei~ t loco-
o ~
1 tip es f
stee
motivev
~, for hi
clls tails
K lat c ~
or im act
s and f p
r~~S11x'e valve
Y~ ~L
' hardness
Dols of lncreasea
t
r PK
es. a~ts,
s slde_ ~.ec P
~,r~nS, ~ _
Shaf g
wear etc
,.; to lm act ark ~
suh eet P
J
~ f ? iTBG~.
L8,~
8 a
g tUQ~.S s
rs toll ,
;n s bt~m-pe s
Spr g ,
~9? U9~
. rewiring j
lsa tails ~
Flat col
ductilitJ
ess and some
hard.
S ecial ~,ur~ose
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
~~
" ~Q (, Oi_1~li11I2 )
TABS
1
lino 0.95-
l.io
not o-~er ~?~5_
0.40 ,: 0.1:0
1 1.100 not
_120
~ ~ offer
~.2,
0
Oe~
not
0,30 0.3~ o?o~.
8
0.00
o. z5- 0.20 0.30
0.40
ogee Ua~.u
9
l~
11
Wire
G
7K
Wires
reds
~,cds
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
0 1.25-
zo~a
o.o~ o.oi~
0.20 0.30 0.01 ooh
.3
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
(TABLE 10 Continued)
17
19
18
- ~re ? tools
c1a: ua^pose w~ s
ape p
U10; UlOA; (G)~
UlOG; Ul~~
L t and heav~,T
? ct ,,o abrup
su~~e
irin .some
~~npac is ar~~. requ g
due tl~.ty
? or~-:~r~ act , tools of
Colts, n p
U12; U12A
neat hardness
~ nall hard nor_-
~xcep~--o Y
lnf act tools
P
Ui33 ~13A
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
,..
__'s^-`~` ~ ~~~7,?~.a~~'s~5,;~~~~`~in.~".s_.~~?c"~L~ ~x~_~~.+.. .., _i, tm..,...~..-*+a~_-_,..' ~_ ,~-_.. ~ ..s...-. ._r~__ ~.._.: .._ _ _ .. _ .; ... ~~ ~r ~~__.t '~!~ r~#~ ~~___. ~ _u ,y..., .., .,_ .__~ r._
TABLE 3
TIC t~G:IIAiABII~ITY OF SAE CI~Tu30N STEELS
" and H, Knowlton --~ the
as ner J. Sorensen, U~. Gates,
1
T ~ n Cl 0Qas d 0 bMQo
2 L el Os U o lb C s 9
rtacn~na~ll~.ti of Sly 111 L e ro ,
Y
~ 0 OQ-O ~ P 0$.10-0,2 ~ S is taken as 10 which
~.n 013 ~
> >
- ~ G KO f n t er-ri.nute.
cc~rres onas to a cuttln peed of 1, e p
p ~
~~-~ ~ G ? Cuttir~ Speed
~,~Ce~ De..1 nation
r 1
. 2 .~ ( ~
1 ~
n _ ; Feed ir.
~ e i- Fro osed State of Brine-.1
Ski, ~p c p
' ~ ?ial .~a_r~ness Ft mir. Inches rev.
ion Specification atex
f c~.t ------- - -
1010
0110
~
31;0-17fl 120 80 0.0012 1 (w)
Rough pr ofile
3/'-E (
d)
turning
lO1K
011K
D
-- -- 5~-~5 -- --
__
?020
020
D
-- -- S~-ES -- --
--
io2o
012o
G
135 -- 55 -- --
--
Yh1020
Q320
D
16o-x~e 130 87 Ov0Ul6 ? (~.r)
~?ough ~snfile
3/lb (
d:
tarring
Kh1020
Q32Q
G
L;[ -- 63 -- s~sne
--
zo25 o,2K ~ -- -- 50-~[ -- --
a.010 ~- Turr~~~
~ 1 ~ - ^r ale ~ 26 ~ 11. 9
~2 aSehad,~ Q 73
...02 - ~ ~'
J
and CCGled
'i0-~zr
S~ ~ ~
X030
1030
0]30
0130
0135
Zh 1{1
0135 c 200
~~
1?
Cutting
De ~th d 9
p
or .~idth w inches ~ erg i?n
,p
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
z
2
1035
~~`
oho
ou,.o
~cl:c
ou, o
~ elo
o~.:o
10~. ~
~
~ ~
Old
(TABLE 3 Cor_tinued)
b
?
8
3
,~
Zh
16~
~
68
--
--
c
zh
~5~ ._._ 45
1?i0 -- 7 U
.~ 22 ~?6Q
Hea ~ heated ~
io45 0~5 D
loco 015o c
-1050 015 Zh
1050 0~5~
87 5 g
0.0 1 1-5~~ (~*) Izteral tanning
g~ 0.00,3
516 n~~~.~g
drill
-- 55-6e -- -- --
110 ?3 0.00l~, 1-3/1+ ~W) T~'ning
~5 30 0,006 1-5/~
drill Dri3ling
-~ "
a$oo~
~.~~ liU 73 ., .
18 ~o,
` -ill Drii~.r~g
dr
~ 0
~
0.6-
0165 Cycle
1 ~2_j
9~
1 ,
c
0.7~ c
ar~nea]ing
at 7~0? Co
15~
lpp
0,002
1112
0!12
163-1S7
5a
33
---
__
~p
87
0>00~
1112.-
0~;1~
-- ~fiili~-g
lflb (vr) Cut-o~~
-- External threw cutting
-- Co-~*~tersinking
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
.. .c' i
Z 4r ~lardBll-
0
ir? at 900
g
In Ta~Talt,er'
~. ~
te~!nered at
00 G.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/07 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200080026-4
(
TABLE 3 Continued;
?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1112
010
D
175
--
lU0
--
--
__
1312
0110
D
17S
--
100
--
-_
__
1115
lob
61
0,00 8
2~/6~
3rill
Internal
thread cubing
0415
--
163-1.97
1l,z
95
00003
0