ASYMMETRY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC INDICATRIX OF SCATTERING OF LIGHT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 20, 2012
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: June 16, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
ASYMMETRY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC INDICATRIX OF SCATTERING OF LIGHT
author: Ye. V. Pyaskovskaya-FesenkOVa
Institute of Astronomy and Physics,
Academy of Sciences of Kazakh SSR,
City of Alma-Ata.
Source: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol LXXIII, No 2, 1950,
pp 287"29O
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
'tASYMIVTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC INDICATRIX OF SCATTING OF LIGHT"
Ye. V. Pyaskovskaya-Fesenkova.
Institute of Astronomy aria paica,
Academy of Sciences of Kazakh SSR,
City of Alma-Ata.
fflote: the foliowing report appeared in the regular Geophysics' section of
the thricemonth1y DokladY Akademii Nauk SSSR, Volume 73, No 2 (11 July
-
1950), pages 287 - 290.7
As was shown by myself, the familiar formula of sky brightness de-
rived from assumption of scattering of only the first order and absence
of influence of the atmosphere's illumination by the underlying surface
fu11y according
represents observations of the brightness of the day sky
ntar of the Sun, at least in the case of absence of a snow
to the almuca
This formula is the following:
t
blanke
. M
o ~.' &(#i F or B . E 0 (rLQ)(7l r' (1)
o ~
th
9
ce tka'1 frome
Here B is the brightness of the sky at angular distan
Sun; R? the illumination by the Sun on an area perpendicular to radia-
o
~.s
tion outside the atmosphere; m is the atmospheric mass in the direction
toward the Sun or toward the observed point of the sky, which is without
tar of the Sun; p is the coefficient of the atmos-
effect ect for the almucan
phere's transparency. - . : 2 f(&) sin 9aJ , f(i is the indicatrix
f scattering of light -V(9) is the flow of scattered light in a unity
o
1
1
solid-angle under the angle of scattering J strength of the scattered light).
~
,
.;'.(,) ;, k, the
Let us determine on the basis of observed material ?1
ratio f the strength of scattered light under angle J of scatter to the en-
o
firef lt of t. In as much as the indicatrix of scattering
~ scattered light.
o ~ l then for
such manner that form : 90 we have f (nj) ,
normalized is in
thisi we have that ~/k 6'lk ; namely , the ratio of the coefficient of scat-
'
~
attenuation, of light (in the case of absence
taring to the. coefficient of
i
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
iIES1 RICTED
of ure absorption) , The values of ~i/k chaxactexi~e the scat-
p
tering ability of the atmosphere,
f a clear day sky, and also of an area
The brightness a
to solar radiatton, was
ith known albeda set perpendicularly
w
visual photometer of V.G,Fesenkov's
observed by myself, using a
and red Shott filters (ef -
and
design supplied with blue, green,
were respectively
festive wavelengths of the system eye-
X76, 51..6, and 625 mu). The observations were performed mostly
at various altitudes above sealevel.
in South Kazakhstan
Because the formina (1) fully represents observations, we
` ina-
p
uch as E : E~ pm, holds true where Eis the illum
in as m
an area perpendicular to radiation at
tion from the Sun on
'on. The ~ coefficient of attentuation
the site of observatl
due to scattering is given by:
k : 2m ~~in ~ d
0
observations the ratios of sky brightness,
We have from
illumination BfE&, and also m, which
for various, to solar
Bempgrad's table. Table 1 gives the
were determined from
ra ed for each observation site separate/Y
values of \i f k ave g
rs and also the number of observations.
for all three filte w 16'~
s 0f k may be represented in the form /k a
The value f/
Raleigh scattering, for which we have
by analogy with the y
A o Table 1 gives the values of the num-
/k1 / k : 3 f 16~ for 1~= 90 erator a..
draw the conclusion that an the average
From Table 1 we maY
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
RESTRICTED
k do not depend on the altitude of the obser-
the values of
to in the lower aerosol layer of the atmosphere.
vation si
Table 2 gives the same values of a, taken as the average
of all values of a given in Table 1, for each wavelength and
~
the mean-square errors. In addition, for sake
separately with
of comparison, the a values are given for the Rayleigh and
spherical indicatrices of scattering.
Table 3 gives the same values of a as do Table 1 and 2
with maximum and x minimum observed elongation of
for days
indicatrix of scattering for,3 :546 mu. In addition,
the
deviations of the first indicatrix from the second for various
(l_9 is given in percents.
From analysis of all tables it it as a a rule that
more the indicatrix of scattering is elongated "for-
the
wards," the more it is compressed "back.,, For,-3 60 and 9D?
the deviations from average even of indiViaai values of
lie within limits of accuracy of observations or nearly in
these limits (the relative error of 'i/k depends on m and is
3 to 5%) . However while for (9_ 600 these deviations have
no systematic behavior with variation of elongation of the
indicatrix, scattering for, : 900 such systematic behavior,
although not great, is already noticeable; namely, as a
rule, ,u/k for thisct9decreases with increasing elongation of
the indicatrix of scattering. Therefore in the real atmos-
phere the ratio of the coefficient of scattering to the co-
J 0
efficient R of attenuation of light /k /k for = 90)
of the same wave length varies little. For the investigated
the ae spectrum,'c/k decreases slightly with increas-
part of
wave length, keeping close to the Rayleigh value.
ing
HILL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
From the tables presented we may draw the conclusion that
with :I tength the elongation of the indicatrix
:Increasing wave ~
'- oxeards" and decreases "backwards."
of scattering increases e
amiliar phenomenon of broadening of the
This confirms the f'
rearing . Let us determine the asymmetry
solar corona with inc
x of scattering fnr all three wavelengths.
of the indicatri
1.//2 of strength of
For this purpose let us find the ratio ~u
"forwards" and "backwards" for symetrical
scattered 1a.ght
Let us taker9 : 1) 20 and 1600; 2) L0
angles of scattering.
and 7.0? 3) 60 arid 120? . For these thx'Ee combinations of
~+,
the basis Hof observations the mean value
,,,.9We obtain on
of 1 as presented in Table.
~i~
y~ f
These values of fll/f.12 are plotted on a graph as a unction
of \ ( see circles e 1) Individual values of ' ll
, on Figure l
give points that are rather dispersed, but the mean -values,
as seen from the figure, area placed well on straight lines,
hich intersect near 300 mu, 7./ = 1. Therefore, if
w ~ =
such an extrapolation may be accepted, near? : 300 mu the
asymmetry of the indicatrix of scattering vanishes, and for
300 mu the negative effect of Mie should occur. Such a
conclusion s contrary to the theory of Mie,from which it
i
11ows that with 1 'ncreasing 2 '/ , where is the radius of
o
f
the scattering particle, the asymmetry of the indicatrix of
ses . For constant the asymmnetry of the
scattering increa ~
indicatrix should
increase with decreasing wavelength. Observations of
the brightness of the sky provide a contrary
result
of the scattered light we separate
If from the strength
to air molecules, the remainder will
fax eacha component due
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
As is seen from Table 6, in the case of identical tt Maity
of air a greater asymmety of the indicatrix of scattering carve
to longer wavelength. Therefore the fact of increas-
responds
ing asymmetry of the indicatrix of scattering with increasing
avelengt should be explained by the properties of aerosols,
w ~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
to the aerosoi component. The asymmetry of
wa.1l correspond
atria of scattering is more sharply expressed
aerosol Indic
than the total (molecules ' aerosols) and also decreases with
wavelength, Figure 1 gives fLli/F2 in the case of aerosols for
r; 0o, and 2) 69 and 129? (see crls$es). In-
dividual 1) 14.0 and 1
f 2 for the aerosol component show
values of L].
a still more conspicuous scattering of points
than for the total, because of a considerable rela-
e two
tive error. However, the mean values o /1//U2 for th
comb 'ons indicated are arranged well on straight lines,
~.nati
as seen from the e figure. The values of .i1 fIug are not plotted
20 and 1600, because in this case the mean values
for ?Y -
are obtained only from two individuai values and therefore
scattered. However, as seen from Table 5, where
are widely
l// are given for aeroso 1, the values of. 1u26/P160? also
~
increase with increasing wavelength.
In order to defy contradictions with respect to the in-
fluence of scattering of higher orders, Table 6 shows l~ju2
observed during days having various turbidity of the atmos-
such away that atmoshphere's transparency
phere , but select in
should be the same for the various wavelengths.
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
City of Alma-Ata, Mountain Observatory 1400
Shore of lake Isaykkul
City of Alma-Ata, Mount Kumbel 3100
,
-
Number of observations
6 7,64 2.88 330
13.3
24.6
16.5
18.2
13.3
51
Red filter, 625 nip.
400
Desert of South Pribalkhash'ye
City of Alma-Ata, Mountain Observatory 1400
of Alma-Ata, Mount Kumbel 3100
City
Number of observations
8.6'7 3.86 2.82 3.30 -'
8.08 3.86 2.90 3.30 3.94
9,56 3.62 2.81 2.98 3.41
8.95 3.88 2.80 3.02 3.52
8.79 3.70 2.80 3.17 3.75
8.21 3.8 2.89 3.30 3.73
53 51 53 46 33
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
Blue f filter, ,9er ? 476 mu
vanovo, village Bogorodskoye 150
City of I
400
Desert of South Pribalkhash'Ye
City of Alm a-Ata, Botanical Garden 850
w
City of Alma-Ata, Mountain Observatory 1400
City of Alma-Ata, Mount Kumbel 3100
Number of observations
City of Alma-Ata, Botnaical Garden 850
Green filter, Aep f :546 mu
City of Ivanovo, village Bogorodskoye 150
Desert of South Pribalkhash'Ye 400
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
9.16
169
;rSiAICTE
? 20?
? i6o?
x.76
546
625
1.6o 1.37
1.50
1.66
2.15
2.63
m
7.86 3.20
5.91
.65
3.75
3.00
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2
REST 81i; a
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050021-2