AN EXTENSIVE CONFERENCE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ACOUSTICS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 20, 2012
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: June 9, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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AN EXTENSIVE CONFERENCE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ACOUSTICS OF THE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USSR
author: B. D. Tartakovsld.y
S~uxce; Uspekhi k'i.zicheskilcA Nauk, Uol XLIV, No 11 (Aug 51)~
pages 636-6)44
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kW E CONStJL~TATION OF 2HE C0i4d1
ON ACOUSTICS QF THE ACAUFA~[Y OF SCIEPICES
USSR
su~.~
extended can
ears an
:i. to Febaua~"Y of this y
Prom
Sciences
,
ousta.C$ o the Academy of
Ac
scion on
Commi
Cation of the
tion acaus
USSR, cal and mensura
blems of P
devoted to the Pro
The agenda of the consultation
ace .
ad.
in Lena.nxg
~.
p
tics, took 1
read -..
b reports and communic
atsans ere was rather browdr
sesa~? ~.an, part of them in the slions
he Plenary
art of them in t ec
..
p ?.
eotx~C1tY and electro usti
.e
ZOeI
of the s echo ? aco
evot ,P
..
o a
people ar tics.
P
cal apparatus ~d ed to P~.
than 11.5
and measurements. More
tatiao..
onsul
ted in the C
'
oductary remarks, N. N. Andrey~a Chairman of
Iii his intr
he Of the Academy
pointed 5Si0fl on Acoustics,orresponding Member o
11.
~r0E11S1
~ S
onsu1tat.Ori wa ~. ,
out the fact that the c
of 5c? .ences USSR, o
o
Y each
e ucta.meld
f th
mind o
esh in
opening with the memory still fresh in mind of the untimelY death
1 fr
~.
Academy of Sciences USSR Sergey Tvanov,ch Vava.
President of the
of the
o
of public
.lov, nt~.st of wide renovan, a man 'eat ubla.c active.
a scie
.
Prtici
of science. He reminded the a Pant-t
or ana.zex
and an ~ ,CS
.es,
t~,
~.dered a Cpu8t1
ov?ch cons
~.
ion that SergeY Ivan
ultat
n the cons
i
Tt is
and promoted its develoP great
to be of r eat importance went. n
a.mpossa a Ivario-?
?d N. N. Andreyev, "that Set g?ble to forget," say
oust~.as
under him ac
of the Academy
vich was ~'
dent
the first P r85 ~
e s."
began making great rogr s
P
i
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 The asaemb1Gf1 honored the memozy p? the eaDIOUS scientist
and physicist by ri9l.ng?
The fixat plenary aeesion wsa denoted principally to re-
ports pertaining to the field of physical acoustics.
Corresponding Member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences A.
A. Kharke~rich, in his report entitled "Spectre and Anel;Tais",
gave a brief resume of the contents of a book under the same title
now ready for publication. The author emphasized the necessity
for incorporating the theory of spectra with the theory of the
physical methods of harmonic analysis, in connection jth Hthe
e dwelt
development of a series of special branches of industry.
briefly on some selected problems such as the connection between
the duration of the signal and the width of its spectrum band, per-
taining to the theory of apgctra; on resonance in the presence of
varying frequency of the 00mpe113ng'f0r0 e; and on the analysis of
single impulses with the aid of resonators, pertaining to the
theory of analysis.
Among other things, the speaker noted the inaccuracy of the
cornrentional treatment of the frequencg modulation altitude finder,
pointing out that the spectral ranges of the broadcast and the re-
fleeted signal are the same as a result of which it is impossible
to obtain a gradually changing differential frequency.
In. the discussion that followed the report, G. S. Gorelik
and others disagreed with the opinion of the speaker concerning
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the inaccuracy of the conventional treatment of the operating
principle of the altitude finder, having observed the slow rate
of frequency modulation as compared to the change in the devia-
tion of frequency. A. A. Khsr'kevich argued by pointing out
that although there ie no sharp contradiction between the exis-
ting theory and the empirical data available, the theory is at31l
wrong in principle. The radio altitude-finder furnishes not a
continuous, but s staggered reading of frequency, which cannot
be explained by elementary theory.
In a report on the "Analysis ns" A, V. Rimski
of Oscxll.atio ~' Korsakov posed the o he characteristics of
of determining t
problem the spectral composition of the non-Periodicity oscillation pro-'
cesse$.
The speaker suggested the introduction of the concept of
the so-'called "flowing ectxum n which represents a spectral
s P s
from the be-'
notion of the oscillating process, which elapsed fu g Praces
, having
ginning to the moment of observation, ~ theo.-
efin~.tion of the spectral function
ret~,call such a d permits the of full. conformity r between the Fourier, Bromwich
,
establishment
and Duna l me integrals. Practically, such a condition determines
the applicability 1i limit systems for analyzers of vars. for the purpose the analysis of non-periodicity
of Processes. Thus, a
th losses registers only some fraction of
real resonance system with
part of the duration
the flowing spectrum, corresponding to some
ectrum registration de?-
of the entire r c ss . This duration of P
o e s process
p ends an the character of the entire process, and can only be ap-?
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proximately evaluated for the given hype of the resonance ana-
lyzex. The magnitude of the spectrum regi8trat3,on time can be
made definite, 31 a diffraction grid is used for the ana7.y33s.
a;
Ra 2 k
Ideally, this should consist of a grid with the number of
periods in proportion to the duration of the spectrum registra-
tion. However, other errors linked to the resolving power will
develop.
In a report entitled "Visualization of Space-Modulated
the Waves " S . N. Rzhevkn submitted the theoxY of the various types
~.
out the analogy space-modulated waves, pointing gYY between the space-modulation of waves in a pipe of rectangular cross section and waves emitted by a fiat diffraction grid.
He cited the re-s
of the distribution of an energy current
s .
alts of a computation
1?n th 'da ng the presence of
indicating the field of a diffraction grid,
energy concentrations in a series of planes at certain predeter-
mined distances from the grid the case being that the increase
in the intensity in these planes is alternate an the lines lying
non-permeable, then to the parts
first to the n permeable
opposite
of the rid During experiments with supersonic waves con-
acted grid.
as the far back as 1939 by the author together with S. I.
d
Krechmer, photographs of such images of the diffraction grid were
obtained. ned. The locations of these images were in agreement with
the theory developed.
The report of L M. B ekhovsk~. "On the Theory
of Complete Internal contained the findings of the
Reflection,"
4
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author pertaining to the d3aplaoement of sonic (or light) ~ay~ ~~-ve~ e~
c:tu14bqns in ~ of complete internal reflection. Par-
ticularly, the effect of the d3.ap1aoemant of the rays upon the
complete internal reflection of a spherical wave was analyzed.
It suss ascertained that in this case a concentration of sonic
energy occurs along some surface (c~uetie). Some new data were
reported pertaining to the reflection of sonic waves from a hete-
rogeneous layer in te~ce ~ sliding incidence. It was
pointed out that in this case some substantial additions are re-
qu3red in the conventional diagram of the refraction of rays.
N. P1
In the discussion that followed, AndreYev noted that
the conventional treatment of the phenomena of reflection and re-
fraction always contained an element of cxxhowever, was constantly tradition, and only y now are
b suppressed Y
some theses appearing which give a correct physical explanation
of these phenomena.
L. A. Chernov reported on the ttDzffion of Sound on Fluc-
tttat?onsrr out that in pure media an adiabatic fluctua-
tions . no pointing a
fluctuations are the
d " ~..~fusion occurs, while isobaric
cause of the diffusion of sound.
The speaker also cited the results of a computation for the diffusion of sound upon the isobaric fluctuations of concentra-
tion in solutions close critical temperature of the co~les-'
to the era.cence of liquids and systems. Diffusion in pure media
,
dispersion so much the same: in all cassolutions, and heavy suspensions is
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the difflzeed sound represents the superposition of the isotropic
and dipolar emission. The intenaity of the diff"uaed sound is
inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wave length.
oie;
The deviations from the law of diffusion occur in pure ma-
dia near the critical state, where they are stipulated by the sta-
tistical ratio of fluatuat3ons. In heavy suspensions, the devia-
tions are stipulated by relaxation processes. Diffusion has par-
ticularly simple (isotropic) characteristic in the instance
when the dispersed substance and the filler differ greatly in com-
pressibility only.
The Fh sico-chemical and biological
y effect of ultrasounds was described by I. E. ElFfiner' who presented a summary of the re-
suits of experimental research
the effect of ultrasound upon
living matter. He pointed out that uFerson
g s is waves induce women..
to breaks in animal and vegetable
ry ~. d cells and in microorganisms;
these are accompanied by the extraction from the cells into the
surrounding media of bia1o icallactive substances. ferments,
g y toxins etc. However, with more protracted effects of ultrasound
these extracted substances
themselves dis?nte rate. Under the ef'-
feet of supersonic waves, the '
large molecular albumin compounds
are disa re aced and disintegrated into individual amino acids
which are part of the albumin molecule. Investigations
(together
with I. V. Zborski. revealed that amino '
y acids of cyclic structure
are disinte rated. During the u trasau
primarily g 1 nd treatment, Iran-
sitions of some amino acids into others were observed asFara
r
ginie acid was discovered in a histidine solution also the dl-.
 which asa hig117 important to
poyymerization of nuoleinta acids,
the metabolism of the cells. Resees'oh conduced in collaboration
with B1yumefl.fel'd and Krasovitsk~y resealed the disintegratiofl ?f
porp}lyrinic nucle~., as a result of which aimexubinr to 0jiverdifla,
3
and ind3.vidua~. nitrols appeared in the solution subacted
.~~cic by u~.trasound. In the opinion of the speaker, the super-
sonic waves induce oxidation and redu~ti?n pxocesaes, the case
being that in the Presence of oxygen oxidatton processes pre-
the sound-attacked
dominate, while in the case of saturattofl ?avill take precedence.
solution with hydrogen, reduction processes governed
The chemical effect of the supersonic waves ie~ obviously g
unsaturated free rad3-
by the appe~'ance in the solution of valency-
call and atomic hydrogen -^ the Products of fission of the mole-
The fission is induced by the ionization of the
cules of water.
molecules arith free charges evolved in the cavitated nodules.
Nine reports and cornmunications were heard at the session
of the seation on electro?acoustical apparatus.
M. A. Sapozhkov touched upon the problem of 1tMethod5 for
the Mensuration of the Parameters and Char&e e ointad out that the
hones, and Loringophones? H P
phones ~icrap frequency charac-
mity and
present evaluation of the non-unifor of the
that teristica about a horizontal line was not represent~g i~t c by it
it is more logical to evaluate the frequency shares
uadratic approximation of the
departure from the trend (of the q the
suggested the
first or second order of magnitude) . The sp
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 the methods used at the present time.
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ntrod which the fre-
"optimum txend e to et cone
uct ~.a n of the P
d be bxoght p? He noted that the canM
houl
s
uency characteristic uu
q
txo~acau~
elec
n
of a
svaluatg the linearity
~.n
method of
a.ana~.
, .
vent
f ~'cently
f ~.
of su
a y 't/w',
t~.c is n
feria
tam by the chaxac
s s ~' ,
~,o of
fined by the rat
determ
rather be
hould
hic~ and that it s a p t.
~ ~ .~- c r 4, ~,n. , effect.
feria
charac
t3.c to the ~ a try t w
of the
he steepness
s ~ He suggested that the mean values of the tip~t' be determined
ericies a
frequ
coordinate axsa
arithm nd in-
oordi
y both c
scale b
~.c
in to
t
ecessi y for raga'
on brought out the n
cussi
The dis
ns it ies .
to
Chad
..taken me
weld.
to the
and p of
mans uration methods,
lata. ,, .
n
~ c
erist~.cs The ontrovers
.
erect
of the kge ch
ement
for measur ,
t
? .-uniforms. y
the of
non
n
terming g
for de
estian
f the sing
o
nature
th n oted.
elation to the tr end, was
,
erists.cs with r
erect
nc e freque y ch
ui ed
?y p on the ttUse of a Revs, q
I, M Pol konska. ?ce E pp
s oke
and 5 eec
Noises p
el of
?tar' for Measur~,ng the Lev
? Therms.s
with a 1
value
festive
an of
is to
?nce man ear rear
the hu
He noted that ss. of
vided
for sho
sand ressur uld be pro
e, it follows that a n indica
s p
are over a
of the sound prasa
the averaged value
for measura.ng
ecands .
everal s
erval s
tad ts.
rely me a.nt
y rvtrac
t? ~,vel p
eofa
speaker, with the us
b elo ed y the
The de vice dev p
ant
trth r ~ this circum-
~, ~
s
e m. ~star, u has a n ade uat 1 y h?h time Can9t ~
q
.h
ws.~, ch
r? ~,sta .cs
aracte
of frequency
tad the obtains.n~
?t
stance p erms.
ra ed ~n ta
es and speacheve g
a band f~. ,me.
? erta. ~.n noa.s
r of c
~.te
~.~e
ctex
r, chars
o f the speeke
? the oPa.ns.an
s~ in
er>rsts.c
erect
uch ch
S
er than
e rel
the f r q sable mann
?tti of and in a mor
an so
osa.
e uency comp
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described an electrical diagram permitting s direct count in bars
of the mean of aloud-speaker, and of the non-uniformity
Tnetallation for the Testing of Eleotro-aooustic Apparatus,"
The report by A. G. Muratov, "On the Universal Measuring
. _ of the frequency characteristic in decibels -- on the scale of
a ha* indicator. It also permitted the observation of the fre-
quency characteristics of the electro-acouat3cal apparatus on
the screen of a cathode-ray tube.
The apparatus permits the direct
measurement of the
- r ,.
coin-. electrical
p resistance the mean
and of the non??
171 c.w/ ~tA14.~:tc;
unif ormi,t
1 a pred termined range
, and also the mea
surement of
non--linear distortjo
ns.
s eskers stem and o
P Y f the value of t
he acousta,e
caeYficient of
the frequen
c of the mechania
Y e l resonance of th
e Portable lau
d
I. N, Stoy kov demo
nstrated the fars t
expera.mental model
of a noise met?
r, b AC:current
Y with a d nam~.c
~ , y ran e of
35 to 14 decibel
s a freq uency ran
e of 10o t o 10 000 .
It eras desi ned b the
g Central Researc1
~' ~ Piezoelectrz
c Laborato
r'Y
A re ort b Yu P~
p Y , Sukharevski t forth a des r
Y se e i tion of
a "New Method of M
easurin the Nfodu1u
~ s o.f E1ast
zcxtY and the
Decrement of Attu ?
nuata.on of Mater
ia1s.a In thz s
method the saw
called electromechana'cal n2-meteru ?
erma,ts the determ~,n
P ataon of
these values of th
e material tosto
d within a range
of frequencae
s
u to 100 kilo b
P a of electri
Y er~' cal measurements f
0 the Ca..
.
y --V ---- ---- -___,.,, a N.ycuv~uGll"VYJ ~D?liT~b~ wnicn 1s in p1a~e~Ctt1
.
acit and the fosse .
sofa ~
t
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contact with the sample of material being tasted, or wit}ja a
mechanical system containing this sample. By the locatioa of
+hn mev4mn~m rtaneci'bBriCe of 'Crk18 Aj.8Z0-quartz
and by the
_ ti'z. jfir,- z an
magnitude of the minimum the reso-?
~
nance frequency of the entire system, which is linked to the mod-
ulus of elasticity of the materiel being tested, and the lass
resistance, which is linked to the decrement of attenuation of
the material (' ), is determined.
e~~s aluminum i0 , plexi-
of 20 kilo ;
glass On a frequency
of longitudinal elasticity
.. x 10 s Young's modulus
0
~.
7 x l0 and other materials were tested. The modulus of shear
attenuation for the modulus of shear
G and the decrement of
e cures, the cvarious temperatures p
were measured under var Peratures and r s
being that with a reduction temperature, the value of G for
? w
~.in rubber becomes sharply increased, w
hale a change in pressure with in the gpressure causes no percep-
0 times atmospheric ran e of l
tible effect.
A N. poloskin communicated some data on the "Method of
Automat and Telephonesa>n developed
al of Microphones
~.c Plant Control
Mate University on
the Molotov S Ph sa. .~,
b Physics of
by the Department of Y
'4 -fl-i
the ~ee ate""
basis of the progress attained by wireless
telegraphy.
hin
gaging and inspection, pre-
For rapid
cise , furnis g rapid and a s ~'
of the redact being
p
ro er
suitability n wets as to the p
proper
standard is made. The comparison wi
tested, a with the calibrated
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auvJg; of the electric signal at the outlet of the eleotro-acous-
tical p&hwar--containing the
with the of tie
the inlet of the same
specimen under test is compared
calibrated standard signal which is fed to
electro-acoustical
The juxtapo-
sition of the signals of the specimen
being tested and of the cal.
?
ibrated standard is effected in time
I.e., signals from the
inlet and outlet of the electra-acoustical
pathway aontiuousl
Y
r+ ! YG
and one following the other, ant
er into the same tes-
ting amplifying
g ion of the devaca The counting relay
in the device records the
conclusion as to the
suitability of the
specimen being tested, following
a certain numbs
g , r of Individual
readings, each of 0,2 seconds duration.
I. I. Slavin reported Objective pP
on Noise Meters Equipped
with a scale of Natural n He o
anted out that the
decibel scale in existing no
ass meters does not reflect the es
.,
a ', -s
sence of the subjective .
~ o anclib.U,tYa
perception and is ancom
rehensible to the real
p ma j of laymen.
g J Y As a unit of tae
-rY.,.c ~-s ";
,ij ad?bi?? scale the speaker suggested using the
~ level of 0
phones. The report also indicated that the presence an conventional
noise meters of only three
audio-frequency characteristics re
suits in substantial errors of mensuration He described noise
meters designed b the
Laboratory for the
by ~' Combat of Industrial
Noises at the Leningrad
wor~Lers Prot
action Institute of the
VTsSPS? these meters are equipped with a natural a
udabalatY scale
and audio-frequency characteristics,
varying with ~ each 10 -decibel
interval. T. I, S av
1 In also demonstrated a specimen of a
noise
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xnst~.~
' ProteCtiOn
(Lenthgxad sae
~C~
b
tex d es~ ~nsd by L
its greater
tote y ha,ch was d3.st G~lorkers
foreign makes by ~.n ,she d from ~
~
cision,
compactness and pre
In ~.ng of the re?
. r ead
cuss~.o
the da.s
n that fold.owed oubts the as
O
ed~.encY
to the exp
port Yu. S kov expressed kris d
,..~
.
to the scal.e. However, the major-
. a 1
ans a,tion
the tx
ducta,on
ants . new
.an favored the intro
? .~ in the dascussy
ity of the art.ca.p
~.on of
e
p of ect?
ard~.ess of a.ts incomplet ref l
scale reg
such a new :
au&ttaDY character
the
nThe Problems of Measur?ng the Micro-
In a report entitled ~.
vz.
phonic Effect of Coal Powders,1i V. N. Fedora ?ch described some
o of coal powder --
.
methods wha. rura.ng the parameters original methods f a me a,~s
t~.on ? ~.n m'~croPliones
directly its funs
~.Y
?c
h determine
cient of modulation
oeffa.
its electrical ~.on a er
e5:l,stance, its c
pointed out
itown nv~.se. The author poa
resistance, and
.ca ~.
na.
cha
e powder and
mechanical resistance of th
the meCY
.t1
the rat3.o between
f this
t
o
ffec
a~ ..
the and the e ? , .,
of the ~
ti1~a~Lure
the lower c
of the microphones
properties
n~-
3
th
.
e
H--. -1
~
ce frequency' and
j4tOf res onan
the ,
era.st~ ,
aract
ch
?t1v h the increase a.n sonic pressure) ?
crease in sensa.
gata.on of these parameters, their con-
~.tY~ means of p re ,
? a ~nvest~ ~.ima.nrY
with its degree
with the structural state of the powder, wa.t
?
w~.
nectxon
. nd it b other factors , has been established.
moa.sture co ntent , a
Thus, was demonstrated of direct experi-
~,ba.l~t
Y
t h ep oss
a.ca1 trans-
electxo~?acoast
such as
.nves f attars
t.~ata.vn of
mental a g
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format3on8, which determine the function of the coal powder. The
report was followed by a lively d3scuasion.
?c
?on on i ezoel~ectra itY heard five reports,
The sect. p
P A. Anan'ev tic Gage Microphone"
reported on
Y
r. /I ; /et
j ~
?
ammonium phosphate equipped
crystal of
with a
.c rd microphone model 3 The
stands ~.ectra
!'PTEM..3n p iezae gage
microphone has an abso of 24 microvolts per bar,
~.ute sensitivity
? .han t in
?th a non-uniformity wa.~, he range of 30 to 16,000 rte
with
~ , an axial direction, ?bel. The diameter of the receiving
of 1 decibel.
to audio'fraquencies of to
to s u
?llame r hence, p
part
A it is 1 ~ ma ~
a /0'V
~ ~the as a source
micro hone may be considered
10 kilo~p
0 degrees Centigrade minus 3 ~'ade to
is from
The thermal gaging range
plus 0 degrees Centigrade.
The original so.-called "vacuum" capsule n ca sole of the microphone so.-called as moisture-proof,
and provides for a high degree of continuous
hzh ~ der insulation ?on. The microphone is equipped
and stability in operation.
viding for electrical contro with the aid
providing
with control later ro
t p
of the "coefficient ? 11 of the sensitivity and
piezoelectric b and
of p~.e l non-uniformity f
? ..fre uencY characteristic of the micro-
o ~
phone within the entire e-a ? there frequency ear distortions
range. Non-linear
are practically absent, "?t 3.s possible to gage sonic pres-
sures and a
of several million bars.
es of the order
the microphone Y
pointed "PIEM-3" may
The speaker out that
T
be considered as a standard, the absolute sensitivItY of
which can be determined dareet~~.v by the estimate of the P iezo-
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o~ thts m3.cro-
the c$tThe deficiency
electric c~naten'~~ ?f -
o
phone is ita lour aenajt'ity 3 to 0.5 O? a bar) and the necea
1i?i0ati.0n cascade.
T
i:t .
the amp
aity
the resulof
A report by v. p. Krasi1'nikw summarized
Seignstte's Salt
Moduli in Bars ??
~~Meaeur~?ng~ of the Young n conducted in
tartrate) in a Hy~amic Cycle,
(Potassium sodium
the by the a"~~1OT in collaborat on
NIIFMGU
AcouBt~~s LaboratoxY, the seona1 rod
SheS+n by means of
o? propagation of
with L. A. Shuvalov and A. S.
obtained on the V~~-ocity
method . rTew data ~&S constants
the values of the elasticity
longitudinal waves a-~d on
of Seignette's salts This data wi11 be published in the near
future.
of
Method
,1C&1
o
~.n~ to the
anon p exta of
~,ic
In a comma met
bed
h de~crti the hod
edorovbc
ata,on
. rement~ V. oun M easu acoustical
V~.br t ~
tion by way of the at~,on
v caY of a v .bra
eta ,
asura.~ the
e st~.u1ated by t1~a.s v~.br
e P
the sona-c p ressur
m3.cro
a-~ c to the
s ~ at
t the tra
der to xe ven n
prevent
oneda., and also n~ of ~.ons
or e fit to the surface
r to prov&de a c~.as
nsf er of the of the osc
o in axle ~~. ped over the
h
e adapter is sP
p
ibl
S f 1e~
bodY!
n h a
~t nta e of s uc
a
o~.t
? device. imp
gaging ~ ~.~.~ d~ra ~
oundes~u
the sona.c Pr
tube of the s
ut
he oss~.ba.l of iitng th
?-
aus
P ac
~ st
~. Y of the
method v~.t
etexminatton of the ensa.t
the d
xaduat~ons for e
,
g d
dcv~.ce, which i to tends for the measurang of
?ca und~.ng
d. ~o
t~
tion
.
ibra
r-5
v ~
t
e
charac
. equencY
~
con fr
w
The author cited the elf
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tics of the sensitivity of the acoustical sounding device --
the vibrometer; one of the charaotoriatica is obtained with
the aid of a mechanical oscillation generator, and the other
is computed on the basis of the acoustical sounding device gx'adu^-
ationa which are worked out with relation to sonic pressure. The
frequency characteristic of the sensitivity of the "acoustical
v3.broraeter" is adequately uniform in the wide frequency range
from 100 to 5000 .
In the report by M. A. Cher Nova on
the rrDomeshaped Structure of Seg'nete b
accompanied by a
t Crystals," a.
rs Salt
?t was ?1m showing, shown that in cooling below
.
emata.c fe. g~ a.
me.croce.n
s g
symmetry of the crystals of Sei netts
Centigrade, the
~'ees Ce
2 de
a.nlcf the case being
?c to monocl
rhombic
is transformed from
salt
c
~.
tal is transformed into a po t Ysynhetic twin ry
that the monocrys
tal the components of which are the dome shaped cr3'stal faces
s ,
?ons, Under the effect of a concentrated
of two orientations. load
(pressure exerted by a sphere), there evolve in the crystals of
or wedged mechanical twin for
tots salt either elastic for-
S?3.net
g
ed, The
tude of the farce appli
mations, depending upon the magnitude of the force applied. The
.g u on the magni
n
m e enda.
ent electrical field upon a twin
a direct curt
superposition te.on of
crystal tat, the orientation
orms the latter into a monocrys
transf
sign of the field and corres-
of which p
ponds, algebraic de depends on the .
in the presence of different directions of the field, to
.
r the other component of the twin
of either one o
the orientation
crystal.
Lamina
tan~ce.nova demonstrated nOscillations of Lamina
V. P. Kons
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Made from Piezoelectric Textures" actuated by a sound generator.
Q1eer ahladnitio formed upon the resonance frequercie8
of the oscillating 1a~nins'from the quartz sand thrown onto them
The report also touched upon the method of preparation of
piezoelectric texture lamina from Seignette's salt.
"The Effect nd upon the Process of Crystalli-
of Ultrasound
zt~? .on ? " was studied by A P. Iiapusta.n in numerous tests. The
a
esker explained that with the aid of a priming tube a great
sp
n are evolved in a supercooled
urober of new crystallization nuclei
that with the
molten mass under the effect of ultrasound, and
intensity,
of ultrasound the
"lower threshold"
attainment of the 1
'
zat~.on front progress is increased hundreds crystallization
rate of the ry'stalls
of times.
increase i ~ the limits of the "highest
The
in inte+s' ~.tY beyond threshold" has no effect the further increase in the rate
upon
of crystallization. The substance which crystallizes in a super o
structure and g
sank fa.e a greater crushin
,~.d.has a finer grain
strength.
At the beginning on~ G. A. Gol'dber
of the plenary session, g
~'
~p
read a communication "he Wof the Prominent Soviet In-
T
on
Ventor, c Sciences Ye end.Y Aleksandrovich Sholpo,"
Doctor of Arts and who died in 195 r
to which Shatpo devoted 2~ years of
idea t ~.
Q? The
w
h? life was the development of an apparatus and methods that
~.s
would ?t possible for the musician to prepare directly a
make z
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into the miaxoM
t playing the music
ono ~.c ~'am thau
t h
Ynthe
s p
would open up
trsmendaurs ~.c recording of mus
Synthetic P
hone.
of the means
act for the expansion
un3,t~.erg a ort
r Y invited p
~.call unlimited p
p
initially involves s nunb
of musical expression, but it , number of
vario
Shol o device .. the n p
serious hone~' ~?
f~.cu~.ties. The p
d~.~'
n the limits of a sound
ecordin,withi
x
optical
Is a camera for
track -f i of several narrower sound tracks to carre-
ne
~.m!
of a ci
in the
ants involved
instxum
d to the number of voices or
apon
usic. Two diaphragms are placed in the of a ray from a
m
cont One of these is a screen w~.tri a
source of light. ~.nu
ous sou
changes in the
triangular cut induces
cut-out which In shifting, intensity of the ray, and can be
far volume regulation.
utilized
~'~
disk, the con-
The is in the farm of & serrated
tinuous rotation second diaphragm z
hick induces a periodicity change in the
t3.on of w
conformably, a transversal
length of the stroke and
The oscillation
of the sonic oscillations. ation frequency is deter-
the oscillation form
disk rotation ~
a
mined by the velocity f the d
the disk serrate
of
is determined serrations . The
the configuration
b by
ubs Y
in recording
velocity of the film i g is tantiall
veloc
rotation
back, due to w
be
lO to 20 times) lower than in playing hich it be..
cones manipulating the var-~
us hand/ Y mane. possible for the operator, by slaw/ p
smooth and sensitive
to exercise a
es of the apparatus,
io
control over the properties ~,l~.at~,ensof the recorded osc , or to momentarily interrupt
recording and resume it at any point.
t the `oval devices
:
~.ta.
with a series of add
The apparatus is equipped
4--,.~..,;?
(crescendo and diminuendo of the sounds fre-
ti
ti
l
l
o
on modu
a
a
modu
quency modulation vibration , and the like.
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the problem on the rr5tandard
~.ts analyzed
S. Ya. La.fsh ~.-
zation of the Auz Y Threshold." In connection w 5th his ~.n-
t
d b~l~
phenomenon of ac-
Phenam
the
sans on o ~.scri lensry d
.at
eeta.
v g
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~.ntexesting ee?O the
E. A. Shad.p completed sn
nce In mus
3.a there is of m e
0 aa,~o b?Ct7.V8 analysis us~.aa1 performa
0~
tructuxe
a m~.cros
and
by the composer,
aced
treat
a t~a~xOs
ere are b ~.'~
rY of c p
.ng om os
ethe theo
~il
axt~,st.
erforma.
created by the p
ha-~ been worked out in
la
t0rY of de~.pme
ta.on has a long his nt and
musical performance a.s only in its em
of
detaa.l the theory ~
xY thetas recording of music which is a re-
The syn
b
.
e w~,thout the know-
cording of of a. stage.
its ma.crostruCt'Ore a.s not possibl
~
usical performance, and the
es of rn
rocedur
ledge of the objective p
~.
. P
ed e, 1imats the as s ibilnaturally,
lack of this know.gtY of crew
artistic recorat the present time. The important
ding s
ta.g arta. ?
tin
?s an inval-
n ~ r ecorda.g
tha.ng is that the very
method of synthetic a erformance.
to the abec of music l perform
~
t~.ve study uable means
. cording made by
?c b
het? re cor
s t
t is the y~
nteres
a
ticular
.
Of par
e sr Tha.s
E A. Sp recaxda. g
by means of the nvarjo hon
p
,,r !drl l.,r9r
ataofiis analysis. Such a
d
the Performance
ge- ;th
a.bilitY for the synthetic
~ the P oss
onstrate
clearly dem
recording
efforts
creation of expressive mua.c, The further development of
s a. ?c of t he physical analysis of music, endeavors first
in the field
a the aPPorsun.tY for filling
provide
be 'd ~.
n b Y E. A p Shat o~ will rova.
eh the musical
and will enrich
of music,
a blank page in the science
of erformance.
d with new technical means p
f a,el
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8
cumulation, etc, he proposed standardizing the duration of
the sonic impulse, of the break between the impulses, and of
several other magnitudes in the impulse measurements of the
audibility threshold.
Proceeding from the phenomenon of fluctuation of the audi-
bility threshold, the author proposed the acceptance of a level
JYGLL / ~ICJ4la,.iC1/
at which 20 percent of the impulses ar '~~1e
audibility threshold.
hits told of his re.-
In another communication, S Ya. Life~.
Capacity of Sensabons in the
~'
?ta the uDiscra. g
search ~.n?m~natin
at1ng that the disc g of Hearing
Modalities and Touch," n riminatin
capacity integral of sensations is determined by the second of hearing, fluctuations of
the phenomenon of accumulation, and fluc
o
first, fa.t, these phenomena were rela-
the audibility
ted to hearing athreshold.
only, but further research established that they
n ~.
modalities of touch and vision.
also occur in the sensory
BY applying the statistical method to the quantitative
measurements
of the sensory threshold fluctuations, the number of elements of sensations qfor a threshold sensory per.
requisite a
E t3~on can be established. This number, in the case of the above
ep
two sensatians9 was .
In a "Sound B. D. Tartakov-
Transition Layers,"
report on
rep
results of the theoretical and experimental
out the
brought
skiY
on the propagation , particular, sonic
investigation in off
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waves through flat-heterogen.eoua media, and the computation ot
apparatus providing for the complete transition or '617.6 sOAIC
waves across the boundaries of the media with various acousti."
cal parameters.
Such apparatus was suggested by the author for the inoreaee
in the efficiency of deflectoacopes, supersonic lenses and other
supersonic technical instruments.
Reporting on "The Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence upon the
Propagation of Sound}" Y. A. Krasil'nikov dwelt upon his new ex-
periments in the investigation of the internal structure of at-
mospheric turbulences and in the clarification of the ratio be-
tween the distances on the one hand, and the phase fluctuation and
signal level fluctuation, on the other hand. The speaker noted
that the experimental regularities observed are easily explained
by the statistical theory of turbulences as developed by Kolmo-
gorov and Obrukhov.
In a report by G. S. Gorelik on "Some Problems in Statis-
tics/ Acoustics " the importance and fxuitfulnesa of the statis-
tical treatment of oscillation processes, particularly acoustical
for purposes of research as well as for the design of new high-
efficiency devices, were demonstrated. The method of measuring
very small (o4 the order of magnitude of an angular second) phase
~ ns (or phase d3.fferen of radio-oscillations was
described -- the method as developed by I. L. Bernshteyn in the
Physico-Technical Institute of the Gor'k~e University -- and the
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tests
similar
easy. Y for aond
oss3 acting
~ . ~' and f
P
indisated.
oustic~ was
field of ac
the
~.scuss
d
The r ~.on?
eport was followed by a lively
? essen
E L. t~.all.l
oa.nted out that it is difi'
~`eYnbexg p
cu ~. 9 onic pro-"
e. ~.ona ~
in the convent
. ~.
erxod~.citY' features
cult to nata .c p
o to speak,
the~'ourier
n into
ans ~,a
and an exp
cress,
integral is, s an artificial ?la.zation for
b
operation justified only Y he utilization
w~.dth of the
while the '
s stem-3,
analysis of linear electrical
sound coincides in magnitude
and ? with
banal
of conven
~ frequency b
?e, he statistical
~-
band and> theref of
c fre ueny of the ba
the mean q
'
There is a di
. compulsory
t~.call . p
approach to acaust~Gs is rac Y
~.s, and
stical analysis,
analysis and stag
e uency
t link betvreen r q
rec
'aof os'
from the function of correlation
11.ations can be derived. the spectral compas ita.
as demonstrated
~~ . with tha.s
Together w
c3.
treatment,
a systematic
Y available experience, as the more ad-
b a
r l.ts.
esu
a number of cases brims faster r
uate in
eq ,
of the p"
I. D. y importance devel.o
em hasiZed the
~ asnikov p
went of statistical methods for acoustical k to be per measurements and P oin-
n signal too weak ~
tad out that for perceived on
me asur~ a s
it is necessary
noise in the amplifier, a. ant of the inherent noz
aGGa
to resort to acoustical modulation.
of the device for the
I E. Gar on development
on spoke on the
f modula-
the method o
small acoustical noises by
of
tion.
Lion.
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In s aommuniaation on the "Statistical Oha'aoteritiC$ of
the Proaeases in Architectural Aaouatics," S. G. Gershirtafl cited
the reaulta ehe obtained in the experimental determination of the
coefficients of auto-correlation of stationary (in the probable
sense) noises. She dwelt briefly on the direst-measurement me-
thod of the acoustical ratio (the ra~Lo of the intensity of direct
sound to the intensity of reflected sound in an enclosure) by
means of measuring the coefficient of correlation.
N. N. Andreyev, in summarizing the discussion on the prob-
lems of statistical acoustics, pointed out that the methods of
statistical physics are as yet inadequately utilized in acous-
tics. It is important to expand their field of application, since
they create the possibility for valuable experimental observa-
tions and for obtaining results which are of great importance in
the field of engineering. He recommended that the textbooks an
acoustics being readied for publication should include the re-
;,ults of the research by Soviet acoustical specialists in the
realm of statistical phenomena.
tiResolution on the Problems session accepted a
The lenar Y session plenary of the Creation of E1ectro..Acoustical P es " This resa-
A aratus
P
the design of the measuring mi-
the merits
~.on
lut
P emphasized
of mmun~.cat~.ons ~ of Ca
e uP~r~..3 built by the Nix- 100 Ministry
~ b
cro hon
and the necessity design for an--
al submitting the d
was accepted of ?s to the All-Union Research Institute of Metrology, for the
s ~.
Y
in the
event turning z.
purpose of turning it over for mass production
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8
- 23 -
B. D. Tartakovakiy
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approval by the above Institute. It was also emphasized that
regardless of the growing demand for measuring acoustical ap-
paratus by research establishments and industrial enterprises,
the production and deliveries of the above are not yet organized.
Inasmuch as some research establishments arrived at vaxioua de-
signs of noise meters it is necessary that the TRPAMPSS conduct
a aeries of comparative tests with the objective of selecting the
models most suited to mass production.
Tam orar~r technical tions for mass consum iop ec
P
noise meters were confirmed as follows
-t~t
~10 ~i~
60 to ..
bands from
frequency
a effective
change in the frequency char
b imul.tanexus gacteristic
~.
?n steps p to
u ~,evels a~
?
h for various
sw~.tc
with the throw-over
0 decibels);
be from 35 to 150
of sonic press
c the range urea to
decibels.
of acoustical c 1
The desirability a ~.bratiop, was indicated
of
the onnect ? e in noise meters
~.ters, and the resent P
~.on of f~.
c
?
a loudness scale along with the decibel scale.