TABLES 7 AND 8, AND SECTIONS 27, 28, AND 29 OF THE BOOK AEROLOGY, WHICH DEAL WITH PILOT BALLOON OBSERVATIONS AEROLOGIYA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 3, 2012
• Sequence Number: 42
• Publication Date: April 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
A. B. Kalinovskiy and N
Pinus
IMPORTJNT NOTE : The content of this report is UNCLASSIFIED
and may disseminated U':1~1CLASSIFIED at the discretion o
appropriate recipient offices. If such disseminationis
must be detached
made, however, the RESTRICTED cover-sheet mus and neither the Central Intelligence Agency nor the US
GoverTrrr1ent be. cited as the source of this work.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
TABLE ?
pilot ~ai1oon No7
Date 6 March hour. 6 minutes 1G
Casing No 20
Free lifting r Length of circtiunference 2force ,ce 23~ ~
Vertical velocity 223 rn/min
Corrected for density 2111 m/rnin
Correction Multip11er 096
nt No Wind at standard altitudes
base No poa.
Over land surface
pressure 7.6.2 mm, 99409 mb
Temperature ~ by dry " 3o0 ia, velocity direction
by wet - 3?~
Humidity. relative 56%
absolute L.2 mm
theodolite system Above sea level
Vera.f.icatlon ?f the Sh2
km velocity direction
before ascent after ascent
angle direct inverted direct inver?sight sight sight ted
sight
hox'izontal
vertical
before as after as-
cent cent
Cloudiness amount of
gen/lower and form
Wind: (by vane) ; di-
rectionand velocity
Reason for stopping observation entered pc
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
STAT
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
.
.
tered over land surd. ac
5ignature of observers
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
The Balloon went in
direction
bal:l.oon (an momen~'
tm and height of cloudS, 1n e which
~'o
..
................
.~o..~. P.~ are--~ 1 ev ................
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
rjiA~aj!
6
7 covered by Frst
8
Alt9.tude
Altitude
Verti-
ave, layer
of balloon
cal
over above
Wind
over land
velow
V/
land sea
dir. ec-
vel.o-
surface
city
sur..level
Lion
city
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
Minutes readings
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
27 Errors in the Method of-Pilot~l.oonMOb ervatiOflS :from One point
The method of pilot balloon observations from one point,
as also other methods, makes it possi.ble to determine
the speed
and dire.;tion of the wind with a certain degree of accuracy de-
pending on the size of errors in the obtained results. Knowing
the size of these errors permits us to judge the area of appli-
cation of this method and to avoid large errors in the utilizaw
tion of the results obtained.
Inasmuch as the wind velocity and direction are determined
by the size and direction of the segments between the projections
of the pilot? balloon, then, consequently, the errors in the deter-
urination of the positions of the projections will result in errors
the determination of the wind velocity and direction. The
in
p.rojections in turn depends on the values of the
position of the
coordinates of the pilot balloon, ire., azimuths, vertical angles,
altitudes? In this manner, the errors in the determination of
and
the wind velocity and direction depend on the errors of the basic
values forming the foundation of the method, namely, the azimuth,
the vertical angle and the altitude?
In studying the question of errors and the determination o
the wind velocity and direction those errors in the determination of
~
angular coordinates which are accidental are taken into account,
assuming that the systematic errors are
corresponding corrections,
considered by means of
The error in the determination of he
altitude of the pilot balloon
error
is? considered to be dependent on the
-n the determination of the vertical velocity, assuming that
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
the interval of taare from the moment of release of he pilot
balloon to the reading is correct.
..._w... ~La?...s...ni.os _.: at _th~ effeCt of errors in the determination
of coordinates of the pilot balloon upon the relative error in the
determination of the wind.
Let us assume that at some moment of time t1 the horizontal
projection of the pilot balloon is at point Cl, and at the next
moment of time t2 ~- at point 02 (Figure ;3(). The segment 0102: 1
represents the displacement of the pilot balloon for the interval
of time t2 - tl. The velocity of the wind for layer H2 w Hl is
therefore determined by
[ diagram page 80]
Figure 7. The effect of error in the determination of azimuths.
The relation for the distance between projection 1 to the interval
of time t2 - tl is
[formula page 3l].
The relative error in the determination of the wind velocity=
a.ysuminp that the error in the determination of t2 - tl is equal to
zero mate expressed in the form;
[formula page 81] . (5C))
In t, LS manner the determination of the relative error in the
magnitude of the wind velocity is reduced to the determination of
`
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
the relative errors in the horizontal displacements oi' the balloon.
Let us look at the errors in the determination of the wind
1 ination
velocity a,nd_ ci rectian which depend on the errors in the deter.~m
....
of azimuths.
Let us assume first of all that the errors in the determinations
of azinuths at moments tl and t2 are equal in size and sign and equal
to A ;4;. Then the projections Cl and 02 Will appear at points
Ci and C' and the triangle 00102 whose angle () is equal to the
2
difference of the azimuths will take up the position OC~C, and the
segment C1C?. will turn through the angle \ OK a In this manner the
constant error (Y.. in the determination of the wind velocity will
not show any effect, and the error in the deternii.nati.on of the
direction will. be equal to the constant error L +. r
Such an error may appear in the case of an incorrect orientation
of the theodolite If the theodolite is oriented. with an error of
about 1 to 2 degrees then the determination of the direction will not
be affected.
If the errors in the determination of azimuths are different,
this case may be reduced to that where one of the azimuths is
determined correctly and the other with an error, equal to the
difference of errors in the determination of both azimuths. In Figure
8 the segment C C2 = 1 represents the actual displacement of the
3 ~
1
balloon and segment C C', the displacement due to error Li CX in the
12
determination of the value of angle
from point 02 to segment C1C
'i 2. Dropping a perpendicular
we may state that the error in the
determination of value 1 will be equal to the magnitude of segment rC
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
From the right angle triangle rC2C it fo11ows that
Cformula he 8l],
where T2 st,a from the point of observation 0 to the
~.hs the da.,, ,r .ce f ro
projection 02 and is the angle C CO. E3esides than at may be
~ 1 2
approximately asi ned that C2C~ G ?
s 2
1 diagr a page 81]
Lion of errors in the wind velocity and direction
Figure 38. Computa
a to errors in the determination off' t} azimuths.
duc.
Replacing ~ c: ~ 2 by L q;' we will obtain for the absolute
~n the determination of the wand the expressions
and r. e1at~-ve erro . .~ ? ~-
`formula page 82], )
)
)
[formula page 82], )
error in the measurement of the dLfferefCes of
where the
the azimuths,
The error in direction will be obtained, after determining
angle segments C. C2and ClC' By utilizing the triangle
,~+ ~~ , by l 2
C1C2C we can state
[formula page 82]d
In view of the small value of )`( , let us substitute
approximately and, besides, L2 L.~.
fo1-sine '1. w
[formula page 82]
for C2C2
Then,
(52)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
The expressions (:L) and (a~2) show that gnawmuch as thr.
relative error in the determination of the wind velocity is
t4' . ,y`
s c.? = ::. then the eerror in the wind direction L\ l( increases
with the increase of L\ and the relation -r. and, an addition
1
depends on the size of the angle
Let us study the errors in the detenninataon of the wand
velocity and direction which depend on he errors in the determination
of the vertical angles o In Figure 39, the triangles POC and P10C1
represent pilot balloon triangles in which OC is the distance to
the projection of the balloon in a correct determination of the
vertical angle, and 0C1_, the distance obtained with an error caused
by an error in the determination of the vertical angle '\
From studying the triangle OP1P it follows that
[formula page 821.
[diagram page 82]
Figure 39? The effect of errors in the determination of the vertical
angleq
L?L
cos
L,
The value OP may be represented as _-2, or in the form of
c~
cos
6 Disregard:Lng in the numerator of this expression the value
and also the value rr'~ k in sin
relation may be restated in the form
[formula page 821,
from where
), the preceding
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Aproved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
formula page 8. (3)
/.
In formula (~.~), in view of the small value o:C angle
we shall substitute the angle itself for. its sine. It determines
o,C the errors in the measurement of the vertical angle
the effect
in the determination Of the distance to the projection
an the error
of the pilot balloon. It is not difficult to see that in the given
L and L 8 , its maximum value for , L is reached at small magni-
tudes of S or near 90 degrees. Inversely, the minimum value for
L takes place when angle is close to L degrees.
Let us assume that errors in the determination of the vertical
angles effect the determination of distances to projections C1 and C2
the length of segments 0C and. 002 (Figure Lo), in such a
manner that
[formula page 83]
or, as f ollo? s from formula (53)
[formula page 83]
Evidently, in this case the triangles 00102 and OCjC are
(SL)
similar. The segment C[C~ represents the distance between the pro-
jections, obtained with error rC. The magnitude of this error may
be determined by the relation
[formula page 83].
[ diagram page 83]
Figure L.O. The effect of error in the determination of vertical angles.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010042-3
Replacing
2
from the relation (L), we obtain
,
~ n`' 2
[formula page 83a?
a suf'fiCient da stance of the baa.loon, the value rC will
\ L2 /r..,, will be
L2_
be consequential, because the relation =
small.
C
As a resrult of the fact that under a normal value 0f O , for
a great distance of the balloon, the values 1 and 2 will be
close to each other., then in order to satisfy the relation (,~1a),
it is necessary that and Z