METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION LONG-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200010003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 3, 2012
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: April 10, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
:-i~~''~'~:i~1.)~~; ll.~' l~'~;i~r~f`.~G'al.iC".~5~:)~~f l;~i~~~G?~~~,~1'.'~v~~x1~ ~~,Y~,1~`~~E3!,~~:~~ x+MUi~,:4:CJ1.~~a";~`;.:'~
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:~~ a ~i. , .~ l~l,.~. ~.ra ~i ~ cx~j i~,
~~a~a?rolo~~.ya 3. G~,d~~Q~,o~~.~rr~~ ~a ~ (1C~~.9 ~ s P~ ~~~'~~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
N("r F~~I~~F, lqf~ ,~'~1~~~~ ~i'~~'t~C.~~'~'
ryM.~WMpMM
~~ ~e ,~uJ,.~,1~ekaya
I+ar cans~r~uat~,rx~r lon~~ran~e ~re~atherfaracasts a.t ~.~ nsces~~.ry
a:~i~a the di~'fcrc.~r`at ty~~c~s of air~r~t~as e~~cYaan~e l~e~ween the
to v~i su
dale a,nc3 thr., ~"~uabar.
~ ~, bas~.a far t~a~.s~ bsxa.o ~'orrnaticanse a~,z? m~assc~s s,nc~ frc)nt~
A
. x^~;,~ shou.ld be used ~'~o :~. ~rtu.l~taaaa~rsl;iy's
a~~rar~.n,~; an synapt~.c cha
~al~a sc~ met~lad we employ ~,x~a agar crarls~ suctreed~d ~.n da~S.xa~; ono lie
a
ve that k>.is .de;~a of t~~e ~5ene~~a~. c:~x~cul.~atirrn ?~` tl~~~f atmaa~~s~~era
bel~.a
,. r. ec;~.sel the basis fc-a~ the : chaal Uf lon;~r~~e sae~~tka~~~., farm
:~~ ~ Y
h~-"a.nrno ~has~:R c7f rracrapr,c~ce~~~s~ c~r~tum pq:~i.ts~ aza~ala~ues~ etc?~
Ccu~ u w,
nl the techn~.ca~. s~.de a~' t:~,e Inathod9 wl~ieh will cha~a~e in
aa~e a y
due t~.rr-a.
rare kaa~re tc~ dwell ara the ~r~.a7c7.~alas ~~~' the ~raetilad as t~aey
s,ra usuai.ly expounded alan~; different ;L~.nes.
Mule tanavskiy arrived at h~.5 ty~rr-ls of general c~.r, culs,tic~n
o,~' the atrnas~ahere on the ba,sa.s of t~~a hypotheses
~, al1 syne~pt~.c processes aa~e a reflex of centeap:a cyf
~~
atmosphcr~t~~ic a.ct~an~ sand
~ traveling cyclones and antlryc~.anes are directed b~y a
~~
Flaw of air ms,sses in the mec~~,um layers of the tro~aosp~ne~~e
Therefar~p by tla~,;:~r very mat~.on~ these ~aa^ic farx~~at:~.an:s rarrv~y
' t~~ tl~ae nr~rth anca war~a ants from tha ; outha phis
co1.d a1a' ~tas~ss ~a"ca
~.~ the sca~ca.ll.ad "dom~.zaatart' hypothes~.s,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
STAT
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
~"c~rma~~.ara o:(' r-~o'v':i~n~r an'~~~cyc:l.anca~ way cc~raq~a~,vad b~~ 1~~a~,' ~~.nav~k~y
PP~~~ar~.n a~' ~, c~r~r~p" ca;f' rcr~,c~ air a~'~' ~ pn;l.a~r~ an~-:~cyc~. n~, ~ c~art~e~ ref
a~
aaa.ra ~ ~:n aa~e a~ ~,~,~~t;~~~na~ xnav~.~~ nar~Y'iq ~??fa ~4d'~:;~ti~ t~~t,~t~:~~~.ra~ a~ ~
)
a a'+ c~~ ~warrct a~.rr a~^~' ~n ~,~ara~ an'~:~a~-'~~.i;na (caza~r~r at' warr~l~h)a
dr ~
~ac:~a7~~c~:i.n~, to i~~.'~1.''~~~,naval~~,y~ c;anvc~c'~:i.r~n o,~ a ~,prn~a.~~ ~ ~:r~ rrta~~~~y :1.n the
~:,,i~ap~ n~ an an~~~.c.;~clr~ne toal~ p~,ace ~.ra 'the ~'Ql],c~~r~r~~; imm~ra~~r
AI.r ma~ee~ are ~.r~~~olved ~.n the ~":~~~~ p~.ace a,.n ~t,~~a a1,c~~ed
a~~~cu1a~~.ran c~~9 ~,~ :i.~ wares ~, ~;~;at,~,c~nary ara~i,cya~,~~na9 ar~d~~tconcl~,y~
.n ~,h~ tram e'er a.f t~ia enure .~'arma~~~.an a~ a whale Q 'S'n t,ha
m a ~~.~c~ ?~a"~n~ ~'~r ~fiu19 ?~~nov~k~.y ~;~lv~ ?~la~- raffia "darna.r~~.tarPl C ]?~ m
CQ
~~~9 C~~m
~'he air rnas~e~ ~~~c~aanq~ he~~recn ~~~~e Na~.e .~:.r; ~J~a~ ~~qua~w~~
a..
r~s~n~ itsal~" aen?Gravel~sn~ a~" aza~i,cyc~~,c~nas a~.an; da.~'~?~~:~an
p
bra ec~ora.c~e ~c:e) ~ mca tk~c ;f"ac~. ~rhaa^~ ant~.ayc~.e~nd~s P'ar~.~7~.n~~~;or
~p'a~.n~~ cif P1ara.~;~n't a:~ ~~i~~ ~~)9 ~~al'`~anavs?ciy f~avE' tae name
ftcen~or cis" atm4~pher;~r, aa~iran~Pt
~"Yx~3 t;c~n~R~xe c~~ ~.~,rP~asp~~.~-~~~.c aat:i.+:~r~ 'Paa~" u~~an ~,~~~,, cn~n~~inen?~
~~ ~-br,~ml~in;~,~, ~.~~ a~ ~?t ~a~ere~ ~~~~~.t~~ ~11a?iJ~ a~" ~a:3,~,,~t pr?~e;~;ure (e,rar~ri GMn~t
~''
?red~~miraance o:c ?Gh~ ~Pa.~tian" a~' ~. ,pc~~,~.r ar ~xa A~+c~ree aexa~ter
G-~ld) a P
at~?araephe~~a.c aa?~~.an de~er~~'~,nee ~~~e t~~pe c~~' Gircl~lat~.~n a~ ~kr~i~~
a,~~mcaep~ere (po~.ar~ we~~Qrn9 or aotfilh~.r'lati~~?n ~y~e) ~~~ ?
~h~~ led ~v the raa?~~.nz~ ~a,~' tae raa~ural macrvproc~e,~eee a~' ~,
er~.od or a eeaevn, wl~~~~.rh :~~ erg, ~.mpor?~arat and fru~.~x~, era ccaz~a~truc~~~.n7
p
lon~;~x'~~e weather ~'c~recae?~sm
Fa~r~re ~labara~~.n~ an the me'`ux~ad~ ,~.~ ~.~ nece~eary -~ca ~.;~aer~ta~.n
?~he ac~rrer~ne~s ~~ ~~kae hypc~~hee~;s an wh~.ch ~t ~.~ baeed~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 : CIA RDP
- 82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
? ~~c~~~. c~xxat~r~ral~~~an of Mul' ?~anrav~;l~~.y'
1r1~ abtaa.ne~ a ~h~
'~'ra:i.~skca.yA
.? p~~h~9~s ~.n ~Y~~~ r~ac~;arcrl c~ancz b,r ~a ~w
darn ~na~-ar h
,., ,, san :far t~c~ clrau~.atian c~~" ~th;a a~c~~>,a,;x~~~~uxc
pn ar c~.~.~7.aca~;~.r~n~ a~: h~; ptia~; i.t) o~
? thc~ k~~tiYy:t,rt~un?~a.:l. d~i.~~~ .t.~~la~,~ (
x,n
~,J,~~ nl~,~S~79e
`~rJE. hav'c3 ,~hAwn ?~ha~,a
C .' a ~ c~crn~.r~~~,~or i~ ~;Y~~ same a~ ~'x'a~.t~ka.~?
,. ~ c~xx?~.es a l~ar~.c ~?orrna~Gir~n aec;ca~^~~:~n~; tQ
" ~ ~ . ,~ ~r~Qr~c~,~^.~ a.nc~rer~~c~n~ af" ~'..nd w~t~~ he~:a.~~,h?~o
Mu:l9 ?~anc~vsk~.y :~., ~~lr ,;, ~ n? t~r~an
'~ .: ~ ~h~ ~.l~r~c1~~.~7n r~ ~' ~h~ ~ra~^?~.~ontal ~r~.da.~n
~F~rp~ncal~ul~x ~o
.. w ~.c;t:,a~~d~.n~; ~c~ '~'ro~.t~k3.y). ~,cca~?c~,a.n~~ tea
na ?~ra c~c~caxys ,~cra~?d~.xa?~ ?~a ~ro~~.~~lc~.y~
~ na ~~.ow mo~,n,~ ~
~~u~. ~,anausls~.y'~
no ?~crr>, ~r~~~ura ~~ra.nd (rax ~~~~~:Y, ~ ~anc~vsl~~;y
no ~cam?~mra?~~,r~ can~ra~~ ~i~ans ~ ,. o
~ thcj bar:~.c Sarmatian. ~1u~ ~ Cana v ~~~~.~' ~
:f.'~,.aw) ~ ~. ~ ~ p ~ na lnovamen~ a
? a~? ~~ r~~,str~.but~.r~n cad ai~~ ~~~ass~~ w~.t~~
~.~ :t,a~ thc~r~fa~?~~ the a.nc~a.cat
~~.:~'~'ex~r~t ?~~m~~r~~.tuxes~
? ~~r an~-a.C~'clon~ carr~~~~,c~nd~ tc~
( c~) ~~u~.~t~n~vak~.~' ~ ~?~a,ta.on ~'
' "an a~' a~~~ ~arQ~~ux~o at ~,h~ ~.o~~or ~,o?~~l?
~ru.~,~~t.~~'' ~ c~istx~~.but~.
~' 1~1 ~ ?~anav~l~iy s a ~.d~~,~ ~ ~1;~Le ~'r~lla~"~.n~
~:n ~la,~~arat?~.on a... M
~ana~.u~ians w~;lrc~ ~`~~a~~a~c1w
. ~~.e transfer a~ a~.r ma~~es) aar~'~ruc?G~d
~.~ ~~m~.ns.tor (o~' bay
~' ~~?~~ s~mopt~.c cl~ar'~t a~ a ~~~~~n d~~;~ is
~'ar all the bar~.~ ~'ormat~.ons ti ~ ~c~r
' th tl~+~ ~U~~m~,ll,a.bar bar~.~ ?~apo~~"a~h~'~ char
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
the Sk~Cll~ pc:ric~c~ o
'~cxi:~ c;caxa~vectican retains a.ts ~anor~~~. ~'ar~t~ures c?urln~ ~
r~atur~a;~ ;~yr~aptic; peric~do
~~ (~axa~.'raY1tatic~n a~' ~;~~ s~mc~ptic l~^r~ern~~~tic~ chart for the
pcz"a.ad ~~rit~k~ ~~~~~c~ dc~ma.cautc~r o~ ~tl~is rnacraz~rFacess~ ax~c~. o~ 'Uhe penc^l
p~ tra~~ctarir,s ~`a~^ ~ aQ~:San with the c~cam^r~al~ox" a.~' ~~,~ ~i~3dSC)n~
sk~,aweci ~'u~.l caneorclancea ~raa c~r3mix~atars ware c~~-ta.r~~ec~, :~"~"~.7rn ~pf~~
and ~U(~~~.y(~t)Gwmillwa.~a~~r bark tapo~rapl'~y charts by way tax" avc~~"~~;iza
frr ~ E~;iven pc~;r^od of t^meg acs, weld. ~,~ on thc~ !3asis off' ~~a pra~
clar~t~. axxt baths r~ ~' ant^ cyclones
~'he resul~cs obta~.r~ed sreq ~~.rst a~' al~.~ a~" raracta,.cal im~acs~^~-ana~~
si~~Ge thc~:y c~l~.r~w a thrac~d~.rnerxs~.caraa,l analysa.s ~~f synopt^cal processes
fo~^ previou ~ years ~ 4ahare theca are nn k;7aric ~~apor-:;.p1~~ ahart~) g
sacandly, the ascertained lcn~;thy durat^on a~ trans~'er (ar 1ca~c~in~
currant) iYa the c~:~urse of a macraprc~cess indicates a c~?ura~ri~rc:
d;istr~.kautian c~.{' v~ar~.ous :kr~x~ra~s~.~~e a~.r m~ssss~
~'he st~,r~~, ~i;; point in sll our ~'or. tl~cami,r~~ word ~7zust ~~~ ~uhc~
tkYesisa all mac;rnprocesses, rc~~r~z"d~.~ss c~~' txi~~..r ~~.nd~ a~~e caussd
day ciislaca~tir~n of. a^r ~~~.asses of pr. apr r size o
~'he Cana ~a~here warm dnd cold air masses ~~ee~kj and de~ro~.rap
a radiant Flaw ~c~orainator ar leading current of a ms,craprocass)
we call the mac~rafrnr,~,ta~. ~c:>ne~ xhi~ na~~te ssrves tc~ c;mp~~~as^~ze the
lasti.rl~; c~hs.racter ~a~ dis~~r^~ut~.on n~` air ~aasses (wh^r;k~t daterr~ir~e
a ~'raz~tal pane) a.s Yraall as thai~y vary laic"~~ s~.~e ~s,s ~gair'~,~t srr~a~.~.
air messes ~~~~ m;~~'~ etcr
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
Ca~,~~r~ a~' a~rna~ ~her~a ~c~;~~n h~rr~~ ~.n a"ax' a~;~n~ar19 ;~~,rs~~,
a~:' ~,~,~, ~~a r~~?ea~ the d~~~.aaa~:~an o~f ~~.~ ~1~9~a~3~ (wa~~~.c?a d~~ar~rn~.nes
the faxm~,?~.an a~' ~ ~n~~ra~ra~+~~;~ an the wha~.e}; a~~ ?t~~e a~~,ar ~~and
they mu~~ de~ca~m~.r~?e the dyna.~,G~,~ adva~~~~re ~'ar.~ma?t,S.can u:~' cyr:~.c~nc~s card
at1~~~.cya;~cane~ o
The ac~nce~~ a~" aGn~er~ c~;r"",~ aimas~her~.c ~,a~~.c~n ~ra~> r~~^~~;:in~~~r~
by To ~.~~et~enc de S~ar~~ ~y cen?t~: r~ a~' a~nu~spk~cra.c ~,r?,~~~,tr~n }7~ `and~ar~
~?~~.~:~ac1 ~:,a:t?c fc~r~r~atiar~~ w~a.ich re~a~.n ~tk~e~ir ~o~~.?~ican fa~~` ~, ~an~ ?h,,~~me
a~C~, C~~'~C~~`ITt~.S~fJ ~,C~~ C~:CCtl~.a~"I.QS~ a~@r F3, ~,ar~8 ar~a~.
~u~ ~ ~~an~a?~xe~~ya s centers ti~~ ~?tma~p~??,,er~.c a~~;ir~n~ ~urh:i.c~~ ~~av~~~
been de~'~.nnt;3. ray ~~I ~.~ ri~ca~.nts c~~' ar~.~in" a~' an,?~a.c~c~.~anee~ are
c~~nl;crs a~' ~r~.rm.th and a:k' cc-lc~~ ~, p~:}~ar anl~xcyclvna ~anraat
determ~.~.e the dynamic ad~rect~.~ve ~'orm~a?~in~i af' ~,nt~.r,,yc~.vne~e At tae
~~ne t~.rne~ we da nat c~az~~ic~e~` a tr~~re~.in~ anticyclca~ie to be ~ drap
?~c~r~n ca:f:f ~ ~a1~,r ant:~cyclane? '~~~e~?efare~
a pnl~~r ant~.Cyc~~.anc~ is nat
~, ?'~~ca~.nt a~" ari-r:I.n" a.~' axc~s~ ancz ?~~~u~ daas nat de?~er~na.r~e ?~~~c ~ha~t~ac;tc~r
of t~1e c~.rcul~.t~.c~n r~~' the a?~ma~~~tere~ a~ ~'u:~~?~ana?~~.~.i~y bela.ev~edm
~.~.1 tl~~.s ind~,.~:a?~e,s t~~~.t a ~ao1,a~? an~~~.cyr~lane ie na?t ~. cent~~:~r
of ~?~-~a~pha~~:ta act~.an.
GQn~r~~. ~~'Clc3ne~ and ~tat~.an~,ry ant~.cyc~.ane~ are ~~ac~?t a~~ly
in con;~rax?ma~ty w~.th ~`ea.e~erenc de ~artt ~ de~'?~.n~.tia~a~ but a~.aa art
c1:nter~ a:~' wa~rnth ana c~~' ca~.d~ We Yi~,u?e a~cea~taiiaed ~;ha~?L c~is?~~?s.blt?~~.an
of ~ur;rl centers of atm:a~~l~cric act3.an detarminc~~ the cez~ter~ a~ way
and cc~~.d ~cir rna~~cs ~d~.stra.Yau?~~.can a;~ mean te~r-pe~t'a?~~trc a,~:' ~h~:~: ~.ayer}q
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 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
~~a mac~~~~'i~~r~~;a ccans~itute a ~art~.cu~.ar Casa o:l' aa~~.va~~.ari al" tha c~n~ax a~"
at~~aspherr ac~:k.az1~
`'hare are ls~~dagr~a .~~?~ ~r,~, ?oa~~.u~;~.} a~~ ~ru~~.aa~ae
~mrad~~s,~c~~~.tud~~ ~~~,'~'~ ~~~ ?~'~~~~?~~eri~ ~w`~~w:~~ ~~~ u ~~ ~:~'~i w
act~.~ra~~:~~rn~ ~o~,ar cen~~x?~ rah" s,tmc~spller~.c a~1~~.an ara mcast~~~ ~.~: the
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 r
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r~.n~snuan ~~~~t~~ ~p~~~~~.Gu~p c~~x~~z?a~, Gy~~.q~q~~ ~ ~~xad ~~xop~,c~~~ c~ra?;~~~
~hc~ ~~m~tni ~~h~~.~a ~~~~~ta.aT~i~.z~~' an~~.a~q~arac:~~ ? ~.~c~G~~.~.a~a a~' ~~~.~,
~,w~~d~~.~Fj~; cc~rxfi,~;x~ a~' ~~:~~aasz~kaarl.a e1c?~~.ari (wh~.c~1 ~a~l~r~ ~;v~~x 1~c~Elx1 ~c~~:i.~)
n~~' h~ d~~~~.a~ied c~~'~~a~q~~.aa~,~y~~ ~a~qy rta~~' h~ ~ou~d '~~~ grazn~a~;
~~1
l4 ' ! r ~r'
uq~~~~v~a~. ~~r ~x?~~~ux~~ c~a~x?~~ ~rax~ a num~c~r Q~ ~~a~,~?~ ~~~, ~~a~~?m~.~~.~~
~L~~'~qe ~apa~r~~a~~ ~"~;~lrr~~ :~'ar. ~Ia~, ~~n~~~ ~a~r~ar~a
~ac~~~~.r~r~ off' ~thc~ ~ndM~~7t;rE~~ can~~r~ cad ~~rna s~h~~~.~ ~,Cr~~.~ara raa~
~~~ de~tarlrl~,ra~;d c~r~~,y ~a~r ~yp~'~c~1;iQn a~ ~ ~r~c xY~a;a~~c~~ a~ zlzaara~roca~?
sa~9 ~~,raae ~~I~ ~~ha ~ mo t~f ac~a.~~~az~ ;hay p~,~a~ c~~'~"c;;r~rx~ ~:~~x~~c~ss ~J~
~~~1:~ d~re~.~, ~ti~.c~~~ an ~k~~%.~sa 1~~d~ ~,t~r~.v~r~ a~ ~,xi~ ~'o1~.a~~~nf7 aanaltit,~~.ara~~
:~.~
i~~~~,~,~ax~a~rs~:,+ ~ d?~mira~,~ax^ ~~ ,~ah~-~ica~,1:~ hLa,e;~cec~
~r
~'c~~,~a" ~n~a~.t~alt~~~~ ~.~ nod a, ecan~er of ~,?~:ma~~h~x?~c ~,a~~~,~~a~
3~
~,~oras ~n,~a.a~'c~.c~:~~ a,a ~, c~x~~;~x^ a~' ~,trnoS~ax~~r~.c; ~~;~~.Qr~ ~,xa~,
~, cen~~;x? ~~~ ~~,rm~~~A bta~ ~,~~ ~?.ri~~.cip~,tc~s ~,rz ~~Y~~ c~r~,~,n~~~,a~~a q:(' hax~~a
:~^ax^ir~,~~.q~,~ ~~' a~ra~~~r~c;~~~.x~,~; a~r~~~~ ~ a~~.~ca;? af' cca~.d~ r~a1d no~~ ~y nd~~~
GI~,~x?~; ~ r~, rl ~ d~ta~~
~,~ '~~~ d~~;ga~~d ~~~~ ar,rr~~;r~ a:~' ~,~~rta~~h~xic r~.~'~l~.gr~ ti~~~h c~r~~~r~
(~,~ d~.~~~~.hu~a~aa~ ra:~` ~~:~~ ~~~~~~~~
{b~ cx"~~ra~t~~. ~ar~~~
~~~
r.r~,m~.a ~dv~c~~~.v~ a~~~~~~.c~rl a~ ~a~ia ~'c,x?rr~~~.ara~
hc~rl~.~h ~~1~ m~,cxr~~xcar~~. ~~x~~ ~
~~
,~. ~d~~ux?~~. ~gp~Giq p~x?~.ad ~~ ~ ~n~aa~l;~,naraca ~a~r~.at~ a~` ~ ~~.ve~
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d~.~t~~.bu~+~n a~' ~. m~~~~~ ~ ~~s dux~~a.o~ i~ c~~t~xa~l~.nac~ ~~ ~h~ ~,tgr~,~d
q~ rhy~~aca~. ah~n~~~ ~h~ ~~inn~p~ti~~~ ~h~.~h ~c~-~?v~~~ a c ~~~~? q~
~~ma~~h~~~q ~,q~~.vn.
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~w ~ta~ux~~,~. ,~~~ac~~t~r wf.~~l;'a~ da.~a~x~c~,~ can, ana~n~-axtiaarac~ a~C' ~Z~a
d~,~~~r~,lau~~ax~ a~' a~a~~ ma~~e~ a~' vc~~y ~.aa~~a c~.rr~~x~;~~,?x~~.
~'~~.~ fnra~c~~ra~; w~~ ~~~c~?~cad bra ~.~ ~~rn~,r~~~x a~G ~-~~~a `~'a~:~ an ~~
dune ~,~~,;~~ and 'La ~ c;ax~'F~rariCe u~ ~.p~a~~raxa~c~ w~ea~h~~^ ~"vr~cas~~~r~~ ~,n
r~ascow ~ ~~~~te;nlbr;~ ~.~~.3.
~)
~k~ ~~"~J~~"~~?.~G1~~l~a ~'~~~[z~'1'IJi~~ f~F .~ ~~C~~~~~f~G~~~a~
'.~~c; ~~~cx~~,,s tt~~. alUC~~~;~.a~a c~:f.' ~~rc~si~a A~.r' m~.uaas c~~.u~cs .~'ar~?
~n~.~~.Qn a~' axa~~ k~,xad r~~." m~tcra~arc~cc~~cs+~ a~'~c~uc~>~~.ara~,~-~ly ~.c~~,d~ to a
nunibcz? ref co~~c~.u,~,c~n,a
i; Y.1 n[t.. r1 1'H, !:1 rn r,Lr ~.. .... s.--1 q{..... }"~ ~ ..1~tt!_.t r1 (!,~~ q', ?y' f~~
' "?a 4411 nA ti;L;Gmf; "j:.l t:b~41?J.. .?1.%~\~ll~ ~ l~l~.~+u, j~~~1 ~l.~Cl Vt,ld,LV 1JA~t'~Z t!
fxuE? pia CE~~"'~,c~~,.rl Ct~l1d~+C;u"~
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d~~~?ca~~ioxa ?~' a~.ar rna~~~s ~ ~~ caz~ be d~~tcrm~ raid (a.~ ~~~s ~.n.~~;ia~.
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
ma~~.on a~' are ~,r~~~.c~c~a~~a j ~~ac~ a~'~.~~ ?~x~v~~~ra~; ~~.~rl~a ~~~~ l~~aca?u?~s?~~~?o ~
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lxa.~~la~~,~.~~iatadc~ G~~~~d r11~ au"~"~'~C~ ;7:~aaa~~a~ ara ~~a?t~arac~A~~~ac;?Lcd.
qua ~,u ~1'~v~ c~ev~lt~~rnanl- ~~~t ?~he ~ryr?orct, ~~c~~rc~ da~re~,~.~~, c~r~ ~Ght; l~.~C~'~2:~x~1~1~
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era n~a~?t ~,"av~r~b ?~o ~~ar~~~M~~,aa~ a~' ~,n~~,c~~clan~~
:fin ~'~.~ ~.~ c~ca~~~~d ~.an~~ pr~waaz?~ ~,a~-bax~~ ~ra~ ?~h~.a~ :a..~nos ~h
~ha zr~a:~a.orat~,l ~cana r,~ ~ ~~~r~,ad ~~ m~~za ~aC~?~na~.~.~~b~x ,ry?~~xry:E''~c;c~ b~,r~a
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~:~~,~la ~ha rr~ax^a~',raa~tta~~ Cana rah' ~hc,~ ~~r~.~d~ ~'raa~ta~.a~.ar~~. ~ ~harr~;~ )
~v~.~~~.c m~?~~3~ar^v~.o~~r ~mp~c~~?~~ ~`r~r ~n~rai~, ~a~~ia~na a~' ~?~~an~a~ra~,a~~
s~rua~urn off' b~,r~.c ~'arr~,~~.ana. ~~e ~u~~st ~m~alay,~; ~~v~n ,for ar~a,~.~.
~ra~.~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
y~~.~ c~~ ~urran~ s~ap~,i~ ~kxar~~) p~~t,;~~earn~ nf" ~'~ari~a~.~~a~,cal a~ru~tux~~
Qf ~ Y~~~'Q~,xOCgay~
1~ pa~~~rn ~,~ d~~-c~rn7~x~vd bar ~~l~e d~.s~~r~.bu~iox~ off' Gc~n~~r~ a,~
a~~Lma.7pher:i.c ac~~,~ri~ w~h~~;h c~r1~;~xra~e ~ar~or ~~a the ~ro~~~~ and ~.x~~C'1u~
once ~~he c~~~~a~t~,~x~ a~' a~x r~~~a~~a ~7~rs~.~~;~.xa~~ bas~.c~a~,~.y, ~k~~ou~h~
aut a nx~acropraeea~
~~~~ ~,~ser~ ~tha~e a.i" ~,he the nxacrep~~ar~s~ b~ corx~~,dered a rc~~
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~~~.~~~;r~,~autiun rah' ~tmo~p~:~x~~.c pape;~sur~~e nrx a eynopt~.c eh~xt a.rxd ~n
an a?~~rer~;a~~e ~:h~,~,~~ ~~' ~, ~,~~;x~.c~c~ ~,~~~ a ~ea~~~an .a ~bt~~~aed ~, ~ ~urx
a:F ~~n~r~.~~u~~~,xx~7 ~'ac~,r~r~ ~" v~~~~au~~ ~arder~.
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de~~e~:~":;~,ined b~ the d~~?~.bu~iG~rr ~a' the ba,;~;~.c; ls~~?d~~ree cerrL'er~ a~
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au~ry~ ~~;1.:~ a~,so be ~'~urad a.x~i ~uhe ac~rx~~apund:i~n~ area on ~h~ a~~re~a~~u~
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sca~cn ~~~~,~, ,~),
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~~~ta~.~~~~r cxf ~he~e cn~ue~~~ r~~ a~mc~spher~.c ac~~.~xa. de~ter~.~ne the
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
~~~~~.caca~~c~n v~? ~~~ ina~~-~a~,, ~~rh~,c~~ ~h~~e,~ ~txi~ ~~ruc?~ura ~~x? ~~~ x?~.ac~
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
~,~~na~~haxa n~ ~, ;~~nx~~o~ axa~, ~ s~~~,crn. Ud~.~la tka~,~ ~,n xc~~ ~~a~~r~~.~
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
~~.~ ~chc~~c~ can~r~.bu?~i.x~~~; :~~ac'Lc~r~ ~,ra ~r~~r~nt a~ and, ~J,.xlx~; r :I;~'
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cyc~,gxac7 wa.~~~ C ~xcumvcn'~ix~~; cr~~~~-~.
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wr~~?~c~x'n ~'xax~a?~al z,an~ay ~o~?ca.ll~d, 'tx~or~~hwarct ~.~.~'?~:~,~; o~ ~~c~r~a riu~~,ra;J.rr
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~anF: ~ ~~pclax' ~,x~?~ru~a.~x~~t 'Ga~c;~ place ,
A ~.u~r?~~r'c~s~uz~c area i,~ a~~c a ro;;u~,~~ a~' ~~~~oe ~,on?~ra,l~ut~,xa
:~'aC'l~;c,7x'~~ a c;on~~ex o:(;' a~~mo~p~xer'.~.c ~.ctiun ~ tho xn:~zi:~xu.ra xah~,~o ~~a~~:~ ~,
~xro~ aux'c; CAL?a~ l~~zx~a~t;h ~h~ del?~a off:' ;,ho w~~i~~rx~ ~,x~ci ~l~,o E?r~.~'~6r'Y1 ~'x~on~
dal conc.
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.~~.crica~s ~S1c~ ~.~ ~,he di~~~'a~l~u?~iori of can?~cr~ o:(? a~anow~h~~?a~r;
ac~taont ~a,~o, d1~~.cca~~.an off' a~.r' mas; ~~. ~.Cl~~; a~avc~rn~rx?~~.an~c~ vari~c~
~~~~~ c~ bax~ic t'orma?~~.an~ ~.rxdlca~~~, da.~'~~rex?~~~ ~?~a~c~ ~.ra ~~~o d~~~~tlc~
x~cn~ a~' a ~~.'~ren rnacra~aroc~a~.
~~1c~i are a~~~axaac~~ ?~,a the macraprc~ces~~s ma~~~ ~~~ uo~.h~.o ~a
~~~c~~nz~~ '~h~m s.~ c~'~`~rerx?t ~~xnes c~~ ?Lha ~rca~? ~n ~~h~~.r ~rar?~.cau~ rnan~.~
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~~a~.n'~~~ ~csr a~,a~'~~,xa~ ~h~ ~ca~oxr~ ,and .~'v~' ~`L'udy:in~; '~~e l~~~o;? c~:~ ~~lx~
Cr4~7'pC~3~ a. ~.~~. ~h~:~h3 u~a~;nS fl~ COr1,5'~~'1tC~J 4~:" w~a'~~7.~3~~ ~'C?r~~a~~r~
fc~r a. m~r~xa~h and ~ ~ea~arl a~~a:%n Q~a~4ctxv~rx~~~. '~a v~.aua~.~.~e rho ab?
~~~ .~~d cn~,~.u~~.on~~ we su~;~;~~?~ ~~xe r'~ad~x' compare F~~ 1 w`~.th ~ca~~
ch~;r~~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/03 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200010003-6
CL~~~~~~~~,~.T~Q~V ~~['~ 1'~''iW~{~I~~~C~~L1dV~Sw ~S
Tn, 191~~, tha wz~~,tex a~' ~-~~x:~s papax su~;~;es~ed tl~e fe~.~,ow~.n~
~c~~r~.nc::~.p~,e far ~;an~;'~;~a class:~f~,ca~:~an caf macxc~pxcrcesses~
~,~ C~.s,ss~,~'~,aa?~~.on ~.s z~oss~,b~e a~~,y far natu;~a~. rnacro~
pracass~tis, ~.+~~, t~~ase detexrr>,~.r~ec~ by a def:~n~,~~e d~.s~.ecatia~ cif
a~.r masses (the bas:~,s far c~,a.s'~:~a~a,~ux.sh~.az~~ the pe~^a.ods)e
~o ~~lttss~.f~.ae,?~~an must be cap^r~,~d c~u~ ran ~~?i~ w~a~~ ~aa~~.~
an wh~.ch per9.er~s have been d~.sta.n~~u3.shed (the bas~.s ~:'ar c~.assS.-
f"~,cat~,an) p
,~ct;~ve cen?~ers cif attr~spheric act~.an s~~aw us ~;no d~,s~
location cif a~.r mass~;s~ ~.nd ~~e?~eran:~~~e the c~~.stribut~.~an of the
r~ean temperature ~.n 'the layer ~''~ ~~ ~~il ~~~~ the distr~.'vut.~.a~~ of
atmc~spher~.c pressure at the ~.cwer le~rel ~aa
M~.nCl~u~. raf our pr] nc;ip~.e, we ha~re both to c~~.st:~n~;~~.sh tale
~>~ r:~ods and to c~,as s:~.fy the macrapra ce ~ ~~ ~ w~.th re (~c~rc1 to the
cen?~er~ of atmospheric act~.on~
such work was carried au?~ ear3.y in 191~1~ under the ~~~~.dance
af' ?~hg wr~.ter9 by LE'I' ~rtiup wea,t~aer ~'orecaeter ~'~ L~ Me.~s.rava, an
the basis caf 8n periods. Later, in 19~5~~~G,~, a clas~~~,~:'~,e;ation of
maeroprc~aesses characterized by anticyc~,anes travelin~~ a~.r~n~;
~u~,l~anavskiy~ ~ yes was undertaken c~~x the basis of m~,~c~ria~.s
far 34 yea~?s (1~~.~~]~~1.~~) ~ laces were analyzed by c~.~'~`ere~nt waters,
wales were ~eleeted a wed. f vrm~d. anta~eyc~:~ri~s tr~,~relin~ a,lan~; an
a~as; the anticyc~,anes bea.n~ c~.ass~.f~.~;d separately ~iy es,era w~~iterQ
The resu~.ts of the ~.~s~.'~;e~.~~~s~n,..~~'~~~?y ~errahc~rat,ed the
~~n:~emen'~ shown ~.n dig ~,,
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~'ypa ~ of ?~he Nar~~~a C~p~ end ?Gh~ C~p~ I~~ta~,n ~~~~ ~~ d~.
~Cx~.~r';d by ?th~,~ ~rran~,~zn~xx~-~
~~.~'fe~^era~ ~y~p~~ u:~' ~~~r~ ~r~~~;~rn, ax:~~ ~.e~ d~~~x~,~~d ka~~ ~h~ ~~u~~e
~17'~"i~~1~~I~11~i,
~~r draw~.n~; ~"~.~; ~. ~a ~ha ~G~l~ of ~ o~~tir~~ w~h:~~;h sho?w~~l ~.~
~~~ c~~~~~r~ of a~r~x~~phc,r~.c ac~~on, ~h~ wx:~~~r ola~aa.ncct Eby m~,tch~
a.>,~~s ~;ho ~rran~~ernc~n?L a~a.ra,~?~ vc~r~.ot~ c~.uat~rs of c~n~ars of a?~mo~~
p}~rr~.a ac?~~.on~ rho ~t;}rj~~ :C for a~.~. ~hc~ pox~,r axogp a~ w~l~, as
r~.ffer~:n?~ ?~yl~x'~~ 'car rar,~i~~,ca~:~.ox~s off' the was?~orrz ~.~~~.
~n accard~~nc~ wa.iah what; h~,s ~eori ~aa.d ~.n Sc~c?~.c~n ~~, ~h~
~~i.a?~,ysi~ ~how~,d ~ha.i~ w~J.~. forrn~d we~~~;rrx ant~..cyc~.~ano~ Z~~vo ~a,1~~~
ho~.~.awa along; ~1~~ pa~,ar ax~,a~ and on ~Ll~e coni~rary ~~~~~;h ~Gh~ sr~mc,
clus?tex^ of cent~;ra of ~r~r~~o~pher~o ac?~:~on) ~ polar ~,;~~,,~.c~clnrz~s have
cros~~ a.~.crx~; ~~h~ l~~s?L~rn ax~.~~
r~~~ro r~~?~ cif ~h~ ?~y~~~a w~r~ ob~ai.rlod nr~t :for a~,l ~Lhc; a~o~
atuda.~d. Tae ~~'~ way found w~tl~~ ~h~ Nar~h Capp a.rrd the Capp
~Kana,n a,are~; ?~~~~~ ~V or~.~r wi~~~~ thr? ~~.~rth gape aas,~.s. ~`Yao~~ a.r~
r~lr~~;omazr?~~~ a~ weld as ~tha arran~;~rnon~~a for ul~r~rapcalnr pro~;~;~~ea~
w~r~ a~,ar~ c~,~ve~.op~d by the wri~~a~*
~n ?~l~,e laasi~ of m~t~cr3.al~ for ,~~ years, a ch~.r?~ of a:~l
cen~~;rt~ of ~,tt~oaphex3.c ac~~,r~n w~~ich becramr ac~~~v~ a~ var~,aus
sea~on~ were ob~,~~~.ned.
~a'rae arran~err~n~Gs aro charac?~er~,~ad ~y c~ef~.r~.~;e c~~n~tiau~.~~
d~.~~ance~ ~~ween cez7?~ra of a?~r~sphera.c ac~ian~ A ~~ai~a~, cif' ~'~.ve
a~rra~n~e~~en~~~ for nor~~aa~, and three typc~~ :~'cr u.~.~;r~po~.a.r axes waa
ola~lai,r~ed~
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~~h~ ~t~ta~nr~d ~~rf~rri~~rnpn~~~ tyre ~r~~~r~~~c~~.rn~n~:3.ana1..
~n ~~,n arran~,aex,~l~t 1c~c~a,fi~~~n a~' ~~nter~ r~~ ~traa~ph~r~c
~,c~;~.c~n (as c~nt~r~ c~~? warmth ~,x~d ca~.d) a txa~~~c~~ar~.c,~ ~.~ ~~a~.c~r~e~
a.nd ant~.c~~~.gna~s~ thy: 1~,na off' dem~r~~,t~c~n~ ~,atwe~n tla~ x~~.~;h??pre~~
~'t~rG arLd the 1c~wwpraM ~uk~~~ ~`~,e~,d~ ~~~ 1~~~e ~~~~~'~~~~~ Charts a~ ~
p~r~.oc~, an.d~ f~nr~~.~.;~, ~Lhe 8~rl~Gtu~'q of xi~~;h~a,3.t~.tude cuz?x~~;nt~ ~r~
~a~.At~~d~ ~~" 1~i~~Ch~.I~~ '~,~1~ c~~,"l'RY~~~~rrl~~.~i ~.~;~.:1.1aS'~ V'e~r~.C~u~ C~?u~~-~rs Ooh
c~ritE:r~ c~~" ~,1;rr~p~~~h~r~.c ~~ct~.or~,, ~~~ ab~~a~.~~ tha a~m~ ~,lp~ off' p1~CrC-~*
proc~~~ ~`c~r d~~'~'erCt~'~ yes.
~kt~ n~.cx?oprc~ca~~s c~~ an a11t~.cyc].c~ne~~ tr~.~~l~x~~~7 a~an~; ~,
def~.~~~tc~ ax~.a ~s ~'u~,~.y d~terrll~.~~~d h~. ~~,~ ~h~ ~,~~~ ~~' i~i~ic; cir+~u~
~.,a~Li,nn arra~r~~~m~nt, ~.nd (~) the name al tha ~.~.
~'he la~;~~er m~.s.n~ attr~.but~.n~~ `~~}.~ arran~,em~nt to ~ CCr~~~a~,n
~~ra~;r~.ph~.ca~. arcs a~ ~'ar^ ~,~ c~;n~~;rs~ ~a:~ atrn~sph~r:~c actl.ori ire can
c~~a~rc~c~, ~~ ~v~r~r ax~.s~ a r.~x?~in ~~us~~~r c~~? c~n~rs ~~ at~,ra~~
ph~~~~c ac~~c~n ~a~ charact~r~.e~~t~.~. ~~ an ~xarr~p1~9 1~~ ia,~ m~.~~~~11 ~~he
c~n~-~r~ cif at~ma~p~ac:r~.c act~.an ~,aa ~'~~ ~~ ~n the ~'a~.la~1.n~~ r+~~u~~~ryA
~~~~ c~nzry~ c~~ atrno~ph~;r~.e ac~~.an ~.n ~l~~a~ m~.ra~rrlurn ph~.se w ~~h ~h~
;~C~~a.nd~.c ~,nc~ ~~~~e Lr~wer ~h a~nt~r~, and .fi.n t~~,r~ m~~~,r~um ~~a~~a~e ~,~a.`t~l
~h~ ~n~~~t~r Lerzt~r ~~h~ w~.:l.~. lie ~}~~ ~~'~~ ~ r,f ~h~ North Capp
axl.~) ~ ~n ~~r~~ case ~s~' ~~xa Caps N~a,in a~~.~~ this wa.~. ~~ ?~k~~
Y~ar~~~~;~.axaa '~'~~~'~'~ and ~,a~er Vc~~~a ~~n~t~rs ~ ~n ?~hc C~~q ~~ ~h~
~;~,~ ~ ~~.~~~.~~,`~~~,~': ~~w~d~~h {~~h~ nCrth~rn part ~~' thra ~u' off'
~~athn~a)~ Y~~u~ and ~~~,~kh (h~t~e?n the ~.ra1 ~~a and La~~
~'a11~'~~~h j ~ end ~~ ~n~
D~.~'~~r~nc~ ~~ type ~w~~~h each a~ ~.~ dui tc~ t~~~ ~a~t
~~~lat ~v'~ry c~n~r ~~ warr~th ~.r~id r~~' co]~d hay ~.t~ ~aurc~ nod ~n
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ter ~~` ~tma~~har;i.c act~j~cn~ ~~ ~hp~ ~n ~'~.~; ~y but ~.x~ t~ca
any cen
or ~~~~ree c,f` ~}~~na~
"~'~k~a l~~e?;r~a can~-ar c~ a~~~~ph~~^~.c ~~~~,on :i.n ~;hc m3~ria.mum
rza~~ east a~' tYae i~ ram~.~n~ ~~h~~^c~ ~'~a ~~~. type; c~~' pra~~~~~M
~.'~ih t~'1~ , V~YI axis r
' ' ~.~ ~r we ca~~ ec~ t~~e ~,tx~,pU~.~,x~ ir~f'luencey w~?th ~rkiich
'~ha.~
? :r ? center r.~:~ a~~raa~~ah~~ra.c act~.ran (ta file cast o;C ~.~,) ~.~
a .~~t?~.e~,rce
~~e;r~.~~~~ c r~~' t'~c~ Nor, th Cape ml~a.~g the u~ti~~pQ~.a~? Nart~~~ Cape
charac
#.r~':l.ue~,caa ~.r~c1 ~c, am
~hu~ ~~e r~~r.~7 ~:r..~.~ t',he ~.~ar~~~ ~J~u1.tannv~~c~.~' ~lenoz;l~.natipna a~
. ~~; na c~.~.r ~~~~ w~.th ~har~ter cr~e~, ~ z~r~ e;~tab~..ish~,d t11e re~.~,t~,axi
u~, a ~
betwae~1 I~1c~rt',~~ L'ape arid. ~~~,trapa~,ar ~,~es.
Pract~.Ga~.y~ it turned, r~u,t to be v~;.ry u~efu~. ~Gr checl~~.n~;
? tum ~aix~t~. ~c~r a~nw;tanca, ~itx~ tk~e ~'c~urth ty~~e off' the ~Jarth
rya p
~.~ the we~~t'er ~.~, the m~~~~.m~um phase ~.~ the S'.~~~errak center
~~ape ~
a~' atr~s~ her~.c acta.r~n~ ane~ ghat ire ~,ne rn~.r~~.r~i~m phase ~.~ the rawer
b center off' atl,~c~pher~.c act~.cn, ~~~.tka she ~'i:r?st l~~,trapc~.ar type
t~
r ' he ~u~rt~~ Cape a~s~ besa.des ~h~~,se c~~;~ters a~ a.trnaspkier~.c a.ct~,c~n~
a.~ t
a~~ca tri.e ~,~?~'el^ vc~~a enter c~~" ~~t~naspher~,c a,cta.an ~.n the rt~a.nimum
se becc~r~es a.ct~.ve. ~ha,s is e~,act~.~" what rrtE~,l~es the .process u~.tra~
~~ha
c~~.ar. ~~za.s i.s why an s,n,a~ue tc~ the :~~r- t u~.tra,po~ar ~tarth Cad
p
~, be the ;~~urth ne~^rrca,~, ~c~rth. Cape tae. Thy sari is true
t~~.~e ~".~~.
~"Q r p nor ~aq,~i
.~ ~~ d
~esic~e~, ,~.~- hs,s been i'c~ur~~ that t~~~; ~'~.rst ~.trs,p~~.~x Capp
~,~ the rever~a of the x'~~^~t u~.tr~po~,~~ Sc~nd~.nav~~.~n
Kail~.n type
t~~.e; ~'~.rs~t ultrgp~a~.~,r ~c~:j.~?t'n Ga~ae t~~r~e ~.~ the revere a~ the
types or
~'~.~~~~~~ u~.trapc~la,r Sara des, typed
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'~hcsc' Caric~.us~.aYxs ~:~sr~ ma~Ca ~.~ ~va~~b~e ~o cY~~c~c ~a~uYn
pa~.r~~-le cb~oct~,ve;~~ ~ ~k~~.s can h~ asc~r~a~n~d b;~ ~r~~,~fa ~r~^+~n~,~?~
mends on ~~r~ans~~r~!~~~ ~~~.~a~~r ar~,r~ ~~~~1-cki~.n~ ~h~m a,a~,n~~- a Gk~ar~ a~
cen~ars a:~ a~~~r~s~hc:~x~~.c ac~~~.an ~a~ ~ha same sca~.~}
~,'he clxscav~ry ~~za~ anc 1s~;wdG~~ea cer~~-sr cfi~" a~~mcs~~hcric
~,c~ic~n ~.~ ~~c~~.ve w~ ~l~ ~].~, ~~~pcs a~ a ~~;ivaY~~ ax.~.s m~~,cl~ ~.~ pasa~7.k7,~~
~n a~~a~~r~~~ a season ~,ri an c~h~~t;c~,3.v~ rr~nn~~r.
~~ sac: ~;ha~ a1~hc~lr~;k~ ~e ~c~re c:~a~.~.n(, ~ii~h ~.~'~'cre~~~u centers
a~ a~Lmos~h~a~^~.c act~Qa~ (~. acs. ~ c:~~~~'a:n~ ~'ra~n ~~~u:L~anovsk~,~r~ s cLrr`~t~:rs
c~ a~~:r~~os~ahFa~ai.c~ ~c~~ia~.) ~ ire s~~~.1,~ asc~;r~ai.,r.~ed the ~aaas~.la~~.i~~ a~'
cl~ar~ACte~ra.~~.n,~ a mr~cre~~rc~cess ~r~,~' ~~. ~,er~,c~c~ ar a seasaz~) ~y ~~e
a~xi.s a~.at~~ ~h3.c~~, ~~ c~eve~.aps.
19
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~'1~~~.s le a~' ~~xe~~ ;1~npvrtanCe ~r~r ~~.~ ~araCt~aa~, ~rork. Tka~~ wxa~.eh
en a~~~.d ;fin ~~et~..c~ri ~ ~karoe,clene the n~~,~.an a~ the maaraproceee a~~ar-
~~ae die
~.Cter~.,~,c~d by thQ ~~,VBn a?'~~,5.
'hue may. a~;~rc~~~ate ~]~~~ ~~ ~ ~Cl~~~n make ~t p~ee~,b~.e tv de~,exM
a
~ the ba~e~.e ~centere ~~` at~~~ephara~a e,cta~ar>,, even when na bara.c tope
rr~~.n
r~,rephy ahurte a.re av~~.].ak~~.e.
~.a~,s,~.~3.Ca?~~.c~n e~ e:lz~~~.e dad"ps pe~?iadg, end seasons ~,~ e~.rx?~.ed
C
u~ c-a~ the ver~,~ erne bae~e ~or~ the b~,ea.s o~ centers ~~ e,tiriaspk~er?~.o
.ct~.ran . '~1~:~~ ~~a~~ee it ~,~cae;abla to e;at~,blieh ~~enet~.o ~?e~.atlunehi~a
~ )
arc~c~r1~ ~-~racee~ee a~ di~'~'erent d~.tir~t~~.c~n.
~}aa7.~.n; wi?~1 centexe o~ at~~aoepherla e,~sta.an~ we care Find comr~~on
F
e o~ atmae her~.c acta.~~n for ai~,~erent cc~~~.~'~.~urat~.t~ns of a h~.~hM
center p
t~tude crest ur ha~.low. 'hue ~ xfu~. ~ taca~vsk~.~'~ e a~s~,rt:~un his been
a~.
caved ?~hat a se~enr~. is ch~.r~,cte~?i~ed by ~.te work~r~~ a.e. 'x'h~.e
p~
,nnc~.ue~.Qn a~on~ w~.t~a th~iae cabt~~.~ed ebc~ve ~ raak