ELECTROSTATIC GENERATORS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100100021-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: December 30, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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Tit/�= CTR05TAT~C G~1~,ATORS OF ~IG~ . ~
I VOI?TAG~ DUCT CU~~I~'
At~~~orn s A ~ K� Val. ~ m�r~ K. D ~ Sin�1?
nikov
9ourcas 1~orithl~r Perio~.c~, Zhurz~, e
- T ~~ic~i~skot Fi~i~Ci, Vox V~~
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~l~~�VQL'~AC~ ~'LEC'~O~TAT1~ C aL~N~~iATO~iS
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A. K. V81~ mgr
K ~ D. Sino1 ~ nikov
~har~kova Okrainian Phyeiao-
oc~~nical Instit~~td CS�pt 193b)
T
. ~ s constr~~ction of s�veral types o~ eloctro-
Thia article d�scribe
~r sico-Technical lnetitute; soma r�s~~lts
static gQnoratoro at the tlkrainian ~ ~
q tl~�ir further dovalopman't ars indicated
of tests aro cited and wade i'or
1, I~?~'~,OlJt1CTlON
do voltage of the ordor of millions ~ ,
The problem o~ creating sources of
r,
ct with the problem of investigating atomic
of volt's is connected. dire ~ bre n .
dment with ci�,arged particles which have~dccel-
nucleic by the method of bomber
t exhaust tt~e possible
this do�s no
stated in discharge tubes however,
for suc~ti sources are of interest in
applications of svperhigh do vot aged,
~electrotech~?ical problems
connection with the solti~ Lion o~ many` other , 2
non devic�a used as source� of high-voltage do
most comr
At pre�ont t~~o
t~,f ied and stepped up wit1~ the aid
~ are t~~ose in which ~iigh-voltage ac is rec
rinci le b using
~ mbinations of capac~to~'a and tubes i In p p ~ ~ .
of d~~ferent co .
.h as desired;:
sta -u circuits, one can obtain voltages as his
<
ca~~acitor~�tube p p
attain voltages of less than
i, .
tactics however, these circuits usually '
in p ~
r ~ do their voltages,reach b00-800 kY~
300 kv, and only in very rare cages _
event hi her voltages from being obtained
Notes The condi~tione which pr g
~
s,
~1 veiled in our article in Zhurnal
~,th capacitor-tube circuits are re
~3
ctiesko ~'iziki~ 107~~ 1931~~ )
Tek~ni Y
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'e ~ I t riwN.ik~iwlW'.I i. ~ ~
'!r' # 3 ~ ~ ~ ,
I~ lj i t , ~ I t ~ I ~ ~
~ A
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~.rt.~
w
~a ~ ~
1-
~;~a
r>`
h
aoitor-tube cirauito (ouoh ac relati'vely'high
The many advar~tagQa of Dail
lation and the proeer~ad in ~e c~cuit e� points
powers Deco o� voltage regu ,
oauc� these oircuitc to be considered ae t~o~ ~4
o� infi~rmediato potentials
ent sources of dirQCt o~~rront up to ~ODi000 volts; but in th�
moat convoni
ea tl~o elcctrogtatic generators aro without doubt
r�gion o� higher vol~ag
d �or voltage s o� the order o� ~ or morn million
t~~~o moot convenient, an
the on technically' �easiblo source o~f higher
YAlt~~ tha~r aro actually
voltag� dir�ot currente~
ator w~~~ic~l was first proposed by Van do Orasf
T1~e eloatrostatic gan�r ,
and Van Atta phys R�v, l~~, l4~ (1933), �ug~,eate,
(Van d� Graaf, Compton ~
i' o erasion the usual ele~tro�tstic ir~dti~ction mac-
through its principle o p ,
it in the form of its construction Un�orw
bins but s~carply differs from
literature lacks �ven the least detailed description of
tunately, the
differdnt types o� generators made by Van de
either construction data for
can ir?vestigatard or aonclusians �rom the
~~raa� and certain other Ameri
tors in the laboratory (Notes The Sole
prac�~ical op�ration of these g�nera
~ 1 Rev S lnstr~ 5, 1~, 1930, devoted to the
exception is Uramhall s ar~?icle
~ 00 000-volt generator; however, this article do�s
k deserit~tion o� a per~able ~ , -~f
~ austive recantation of either the constructional or oiler-
x not give an each p
r,s
a r~
ational data for the gen�rator) .
:f
,
~t
2~ ONJ~CTIV~S Or T~ WORDS ,
~t
aerator of max-
final ob ective the construction of a ge
~Iavir~ as our ~
;~k.} thin the limits of the size of the U~'TI Ukrainian
imam voltage possible wi
,
we worked out two variants 3
physics-Technical lnstitute~ high-voltage room, 4
r.
a cascade capacitor-tube circuit w~,th traneforn~rs
of this device, namely
d-~.; i
l0 and a~
t drive (~hurnal Tekh Fiziki~ 4, 77, 934),
~~ro, fed by an in�ula ~
tatic enerator of the Van de Q~raa�f type ~ Sinoe our
~ single-pole electron g
s
eta ~ rr
't I ~
~f iy,;a~ F^,i

. ~ i ,
, ~
,s I � ~ ,
~
' 1 t. ~ -
'Y
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'
'
F
~f
oalo~~latio~ have o~~owod that with the ears how@r aid dimor~e~or~o o~ th�
devious a volta~;o of the or~lor o~ 2,~ million volt� oars bo 9btainod in rho
i'irst oaoo ~ ~ and ? ~7,130~ in the aQOO~d~ wo eo~tled on the eooor~cl var~nt
aid in the boCinnin~ of 19~l~ b@~aa doeigninC thio ~�n�rator whoeQ eon-
atruotion ie b�i~ oompletod at the preoont time Thin go~erator will bo

t
dooorib�d irc a oo ~arat� artiolo~ Thu robleme ~ c n tr~c
~ A o o e ati~~ curtain
aasomblico ~'or the largo generator roauirod caro~'u~. oxparir~anta on module j
ao a r�oult emveral ~�noratora of voltages o1' order o~ 0 ~~-l million
volts were cor~etructed~ Curtain of th�e� wore uo�d to oond~~at ox~~eri~nte
f
on partf cl�e acoolorated in discharge tubes
3� ~L~CT~AST~ITIC AEN?~'0~ WITS CYLIN~I~1L CO~~CTOR
A diagram of the fist r~odel constructed in t~~'I is ehorm in Figure 1, ,
and a photograph in Fi~!ure 2. The su~jport consiet~ of insulating boards
15 mm thick and 70~8~ rom wide On th� insulat?ing framework is placed a
cylindrical oonductor of plywood ~ Ott t~~ick, 1000 mm long, 720 mm in diameter,
and w~.th detachable copper ~iemis~her�s of the same diem�ter at, each and, 4
ThQ apparatus for c~iarging the bolt and for removing charges from it is
evident from Figure 1.
Different typ�s of corona electrodes ware tried, 'the best results being
k;
obtained with a metal tube mm in diameter Navin a series of a ertures
_ ~ ~ P ~
bored at 25 mm intervals in which are placed the usual sewing needlee~
i
Satisfactory results were also given by �lectrodes made of wire O.15-0.20 mm
F~, ' in diameter stretched parallel to the belt 9oth the corona electrodes and
k1,^:
the flat screens placed on the other side of the belt can be moved horizontally
Viz;
r
between the ebonite planke~ (flood ~,nsulation of the upper corona electrodes
, M
S
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if s
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~ ' ~ ~ d ~~ati
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f �e R" iA1 ~r ~ ~i"4 ~
j :'L ~
t (
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~
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5:
1 far the narraal operation of th� genora~or) ~ Tho
end aaroone is eo~cntio
11@ra 100 mm in diamotory in thio otructur� woro turned
felt tran~por~ ro ~
a
w ode Th� ratato togothor on thou iron a,xlee oet in ball bearings
i
f roan o Y
and are dr~won b'Y a 0.5 kw do motor Donn�atod ti~rough a floxiblo coupling
r Tho lowor corona Qloctrod� was charged
to
to tho axle of tl~e /ewer rol
i
t 2 }cv through a raaiQtance of eoveral r~goh~ from an auxiliary high- k
05
voltago devio�~
the . �~~erator is clearZY oe~ual to I ~ ~ ~'~CY
The c~1~ runt o~atainablo from g ~
~ d Wait on the bolt, ~ i� the belts e s
whore c~ ie the charge a surf ac� � Y
width and v ie its velocity '~h� cooff icient 2 is explained by the fact
belt io overc~~arg�d inside rho conductor when we used thi� con-
that the
a electrodes as a res~~lt of whicY~ a double quantity of
atr~~otfon of coron ,
elacta~icity ie tal~en off the belts
belt can be assua?ed to be a flat coedens�r, then the maximum
Sf the
- e deneit on it can be calculated from the r�lation 0" max : '
ci~~arg Y
initial �1�ctric field strength in air at atmospheric
where E is the
pressure
~ e rmsximdm value of 2~6~10"9 `
S�tting E equal to 30cm we obtain fora
n Thus th� tl~eor~etical value of the current obtainable from
coulombs/e q a~
the ~;�nQrator turne~~~t to be s
� 2� cm ' V ~ CmiseC~ ' 10"9 amperes
z 5� ( ~
model the velocity of the belt did not �xcead 9 meters
Since in this t..;
"a ~ ~ ~ could
C4.
or second and its width was 90 cm, a curs ent of the order of 00
p
~I"
b e ected~ actually, the maximum current successfully obtained from e
� xp
' ~ that is of the calculated value We
generator was only ZmO,,,~ , ~
o of the enerators which we built put out a current
should note tY~at not on g
P._
rester than 60-6~~ of the theoretical value The discrepancy between
g n
~
.Y~, y
y!'?
t;
r
is
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} 111 ~ h
~fi~{�g',~t

r,
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s
1, ~
N
,vm
a,l and o �rimontal valu@o for tho our~~ent r~uet bm attributed ors .a~
th�oretio ~
.~d
uhf io3ont smooth host le~r~'acee end r�e~ilting 1oc81 ov�rM ~j
ono hand to ins
coronal~ and on the other
voltage� o~ tYio f ivld wl~iah load to pr�raatut~ ,
d to ohar �1oeaQS from the b�lt on aooount of the otror~ ionisation fi;
{ hen ~w
rested b the upper and lower oorona oleotroc~a~
c Y
y
Q volts . e obtained with thio Eden�rator wao 600 kv at the positive
Th ~
ole ~ was limned not by the corona appearing
polo and 700 kv at negative p
es but t~~o brush dieaharg� arising at th0 plaooe ,1
on th� aph�rical s~~rfac b'Y
atin braCQO enter Clio c;~lindrical surface of th� conductor
wl~oro inoul ~
with th� aid of '~gonorating~~ voltm�tore specially
Voltage was measured
this ur ose of a design profiosed by Kirkpatrick and 4unn~ _ e
cone tracts d for P P ,
ed two t e� of voltmeters; a devic� with a flat rotor, operating on , ,
WB u� Yp
atrick a nd Miyake, Rev ~o /Heir, 3, 1932
a two tuba ampli~'i�r (Kirke
v ~c In�tr ~ 33, 193~~ Gunn, Phye Rev, 1t0, 307, 1932
Kirkpatrick, Re : ,
ev S /Heir 4, ~~0~ 1933) f and a voltm�t�r with
~tarnwell and Van Voorhis, R , ~
t rotor Eiendereon, doss and Rose, Rev S Instr, 6, 63,
a cylindrical epli (
was connECted through a con~autator dfrectlY with a ~;alvanom�ter H
1930 which
vii 10"7 am graduation. For calibration of t>~� voltmeters we
of s�nsi ti Y p~
cal discharge rod 72 cm in diem�ter (used in exper~nents with
us�d a spheri
nductors and measured the charge aocumu~a ted on
generators with spherical co )
nductor with the aid of a ballistic galvanometer The calibration
the co
;w
enQratin voltmeters have a strictly linear scale up ~?o
a rev�aled that our g g
dose not a �ar,
t~xi~um voltages, provided that corona pp
Ij
�
~qs' bas~.c defect in the first ~enorator model was the inadequate siren-
The
~
fre cent became wrinkled or folded etc,~during
~x~~. ~
gtla of the silk belt, which q lY
5
N~1.~ f
a~tion~ Moreover, since the generator was not suited to charging a r,
oper r.
to the construction of generators with toroidal
~r~ discharge tune, we passed on
t.
conductors
7
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f i~:~r t} ~~~~ti~~~
E ;rr`
i I . e
~t..
7 ~ r
-,x ~rt
~
,
s~ ~ < < `
'rh , j;
LIB'4
' N
13 i...
! ~ ~
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2
F w
f
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�~:1
i~ontal valu@o ~tor tho ourx~ent mu�t b� ati~ribut�d on ;
thooretioal and exp�r
4 a e oth bolt sur~acos rind roaultin~ loo~?l avor�
on� hand to inou~~ ~cicnt~ _ M1,.
uro ooror~, and on tho other
voltagoa o~ t~hv ,Mold which 1�ad to Ar@r~t
o loaooo from tho b�lt on aocount of th� c ~ro~ ioniZatior~
hand to chard
tQd b tho u pot and lower oorona~ olactr4deo
crow Y P
4
to @ obtained with this ~�r~erator wa� 604 kv at the pooitivo s
Tho vol ~
five o1�~ It waa limitQd not by the carom app@ari~?~
pole and 700 kv at n�ga P
. but t~~e btu�h dieahar~a ariain~ at the p~?aoa
�n the aph�rical �~~rfac�� by
~ atin bracoo ontar t~~� ayl~-ndrical surfac� of the conductor
wit�ra t~j� ~noul K
the aid o ~ ~onoratin~ n voltmo ~�rs ep4 oially
Volta~� was rn�a�urad with
se of a design propocad by KirkpA~riok and ~unn? i
canstructed for thi� purpo ,
tmoter�; a d�vice with a Plat rotor, opera~in~ on
We u�ed two types of vol ,
aka Rav ~c Instr, 3, L, 193~~
a two tube amplifier (Kirkpatrick a nd Miy ,
~ l 3~, burin, Phy� Rov, ~0, 307, 192,
Kirkpatrick, Rov Sc ~nstr, 33, 9
Hatt 4 ~40~ 1933) f and a voltmQter with
~iarnwoll and Van Voorhis, R�v S T ~ ~ N
r,'
r Henderson, Qoes and Rose, RSV S Inatr, 6, 63,
a cylindrical split roto ~
tator directly with a galvanometer
1g3~) which was connocted through a conunu
"7 am raduation~ For cislibratian of the voltm�tere we
of sensf~~ivity ld p/~
rod 2 cm in diem�ter ~u�ed in experiments wi~i
vaed a spherical discharge Z
tors and measured the charge accumulated on
generators with spherical conduc )
the aid of a balliatia galvanometers The calibration
a the conductor with
.t.
f n voltmeters have a s~~rictly linear scale up ~?o ~ .
revealed that our gen�rati ,
volts es rovided tht~t corona does not appearf
mcximum ~ ~ p
_
tin the first ~anorator model wa18 the inadequate s~~ren~
the basic defec
w~?ich Frequently became wrinkled or folded etc,~during
gt~1 0~` the silk belt,
.
Mot�over since the generator was not suited to charging a
operation. ~ ~4
~ afore with toroidal
dischar a tine, we passed on to the conetruc~ion of genet a
g
. ,.r ,
~t I t
conductors r
~t} ~
s
r,
.>m.,,~
Itl
tel:
1 i~ ~ `
`d
tx
r ~ ~ k"~
. '
f i ~ G �
a r
~ ~ alp,;.
1 , i ~I:
' `1
f ~ 1~( I':. C ~
I
1J: 4
o ii
1': ~
Z
1'.
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4

t
1~:-
' ~f
y
~ ~ ! _l_
'r
in
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r
i,Y
a~~Afro~g w~~~ ~~a~ot~n~ co~~aTO~s t
} A~}
wirl
6inco the epac� at our disposal (overall height ~~5 motorr) forded ~c~
the v�rtioal dimer~eion~c of the generator ae eoonon~cally ae
uo to eel�ot
oeaible rre used a oonductor o~f toroidal form (height off' cor?ductar 1200
p ~
and diameter 2200 ram) in t~~� next gen�rator w~~ioh we oonatruoted~ aeneratore
with toroidal conductoro are pictured in Figure 3, which ie a photograph
of an apparatus cones�ting of two toroidal generators operating onto a
horizontal discharge tube The conductors of these gan�rators were a wood
.framework of mvridional ribs braced with two massive wood rings and sheath�d
with Totes of sha�t iron b�aten by band on spec~:al formo~ The circular
upp�r ap�rtvr� was covered v~rith a oQrefull~ fitted lid and a�rved as an
entry to the interior of the conductor for t~~e experimenter; at the lower f
a
apQrture the conductor was placed on �t cylindQr serving as an insulating
ins were oareful fill�d after which the conductors w�re ~ `
support, All se lY ~
- cuered~ Tn �ach of the enerator�a set of three steel rollers was
1 q ~ .i
n
installed in the bottom and the same numUer in the tops thus the cl~arg� was
"i
carried by three independent endless belts The charging d�vices were
lifi.ed rsince the roll�rs tl~emsalvss were employed hs one of
somewhat s imp ,
the electrodes. The belta~ cm wide, were manufactured of surgical oil-
cloth which seemed to b�a completely suitable materfal i'or this purpose
The belt velocity in these generators was small and uc~d�r stationary oper-
atian did not exceed ~-9 m�ters per s�cond~
~3 ~_k
Under thesQ conditian$ currents up to 0.3 ma were successfully obtained
with each of the generators. rI'ho max~,mum voltage produced by the generators
dd~.t~. n of ~Lhe tube reached 900 000 - 9 0,000 volts in each.
without t1,e a _ Q ) ~
~ ~
~
Th� intQriar of tl~e conductors was large �nough to house an experimenter as
i', 1
well as the necessary apparatu� inside of them f
a
Y 'i,
',u.
4
r
P
~6.
~
.
a ~~~P
~
_ I' C,~~~
~ ! ~
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l
TAE Di6C~iARG~ TUBS
toxo rre b~~i2t a spooial dioohar~o
Fox operatiion with toroidal Sonora ~
bo ~��n in ~'i~ure Ike ~ohematia oro�o-
0 0 oxtornal~ f oxm Dan
t~~k,e who
oonoieted oi' fain'
uro Tho tubo ~ 300 ~ 1on~:
oootion io ohowr~ ~
220 ~ diamotor~ ado tight with Pico n an
individual g~,aQS oylindexa (
disks and t~srou~h a c�ntral coup].in~ box
Dined through interc~diate steel
The tub0 waa a�s�mbled w~~ile in a vert-~ h
Frith the ovaou~t~+nnP'' a outlet
nc~?so~~ in a spoci~al aso�mbl3r ot~oach of
ical poditian; then the tube was
osition and ou�p�n~d from bh� ceilia~ on
wood board� in a 1~orixontal p . 1
n�d to wood hoops plat�d around the eto�
inoula`~in~ boards whioh w�re f ast�
had been c~aap�ndad c,aoembly sheath
connc ctin~ die ,I~ ter �t~ie tuba
ovious o;~,orij~ents with ti~� cons~~~ctio~n
Yraa romovod, Oxi t~~e baai� of 1~r
esoar wi�th tho ai~~ of el~a~in~~uin~ n~'4" f
of thf,s tub� w� consider�cl it nQC Y~
co aubdl~vide I,t with ~~tal diaphrams
itar �a inside i~h� tubes
matt~ra diva
oa� holes 3 nm? in diameter were dril~@
into sQparat� cells ~'or this p'~
/seed at an ar~l,e of 120� ca each other
70 ~ apart along tho ar~.s and
rted threaded ecrews~ witZa tl~e aid of
T~,ou~h these hole� ~vere ins�
gun thick having ~0 mm openin~s~
a ~~a m6 of sheet aluminum ~ to 5
which dip ~ hose the wrong ~
'gibe; (Note: Later it appeared that we c
were placed fn the t
rod�s under the influence
for the diaphragms, s~nco alurn~.nurn cor
maters
g the screws encored were sealed with
s~~ The plat�s wher '
of morcur~ vapor
fed with India ink, was wound around
fcein~ A spiral paper strip, impr�gna
p
ass an ohm~.o voltage divider All ~e
.4 the outside of the tubs and servod
w~l~~
ere onding points on the d~.vidnr,
r? die hra~me were connected to the Corr p
p
ba a definite distribution o� potentia was
the result that throughout the to
x
olid steel disks provided with o~~enir~s
'rho tube ti~rao faced tiv~.th s
ma~,rica1ned,
r; erilnQnts
txcloa and ~,nstruments for exp
for the sources of che~rgsd p~'
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{rr'.~ t
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
F:~~9 ~
`.'i a
Rg
8
F
~I
a ooat of bakelito ~ : uor a
oain oQalo woro covorod wit
After ~l1 tho Pi
ot~tained in tubo ~ TbO 'pr�~
h= ~ vaot~um wa� suacoa�~u11Y
sv~~~~.oiontlY ~
As X11 0~ 1t10r41~1^y~ Tha ovaaua~tio~ was
c~,d not �xo�od 2 ~ ~
aur� in it
in tb� ntiiddle of ti~� ~,ubo with
u h the ground�d ooupl~~ box

i parried thro ~ the ~oybold firm
diffusion pump me,d� by
tY~o aid of ~ ~'cur~-sta~~o morcury d air and a
a large trap containing ?.iqui
rovid�d with
(~odol whial~ waa p h was Bono by
al ad ustment of th� tube, w~~ic
~no~ter ~ Th� origin ~ ti
~aLood rad~jall , by ragu~ ~
lta ?o of t~~� genora~tore, ~ ~
ro oatedly incr�asin6 t~~� vo ~
p
j ~nament of disohargo in the to co
velocity of the belt up to the ,
the ~ under pr�-
ad ueted, t1~e tube could staff
ed for 15.20 hours ~ Once ~ work irg
tiny
fter w~tiicl~ it was brought to t ~e
acuum .reaeur� for s�varal daya~ ~cth
v p haurs~
voti~nta in th� course of 2 3
state by relativ�l;~ bri�f add s about
1
� ~ ~tc tie conductors t~~rough open ~ i
ids of tl~a tube w�re inserted .n d and
eg rounds
of the openfngs ~~rere sp�cially f.
30 c~a ~ diamotora The
su orts wi'tih the ,
t11od f rorn t;~e tube' a in~ulati~?g Pp
a
all sharp bands were s ~ e s ~ coronas
cove ~ nevertheless,
~ d"e~wood cou'r~:~n~;v, boos
help o p y~ a earin~ in
tiers could not be averted fro PP
n~lares~~ (brush disci ~ )
and
rs ~ ~1~ere~f ore the genera`te' s
t~je tube entered the conducto
a
places where reliminary
t� the tube than in their ~
erat~.n~ yn r
roduced a smaller volteg� op
p
e'
test.
f the tube we were
areful and accurate adjustments o
After �xtrem~ly c a voltaP~e of th�
t eriods (several second�)
ably to feed to it for shor p
' ~ eration of the tube only at ~ ,
dR= 000 v~ but we atta.ned gtea~ oA
. order of 1, X00, ~
000 v~ (dote; We measured the
000 to 1, 200,
,
to a of about 1,100, ltmoters, ,
a vol ~
with the help of generating vo
a lid to tho tube not on1Y in u~
y~oyta~e pp
. _ e o~.e drone and ions accelerate
~1 the d~~lr~Ct~.on Of th
but also throw
,~.jn~ ~ ~ ''T
x be b a main�tic f field)
,,,Y the to Y
~~h 1.
~s 3 to
t{gr~ ,
~
N ~ ``~r
'~e:_ im
a~ ~
1~'� ~ 8 �
tt~
7
si~~~. ,
i
'
s, '
i
~ ~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
n .

~1,: ~ ~ ~
w# A 1 s
@ 1~
z
~kpSs -
l,~ ~ ~
'ir i
`n.
1r ; ~ , - ~ ~ ' FpR~~D Yf IT~t ~S6CE~~~
h~+ 0 tuba ire aocel-
nt0 cQnductcd with the diao C ~ti
th� ~irct 0.~p�r rat aa~hodo hod 1~'
010 ctron a ourco wao an incar~de a co
stated aleotrons~ rho n from the Clow
actor o~ the C�nerator~ JudCi C
' batteri0 � plaaod in tho oond a lid
sa snoloainC th0 op0n in th
fluorescent coat~C o~ tl~a C1a
o~ tho
$ el0ctron beam w86 oxtr�a~01Y
e 0 oei'~ �nd o~ th� tub�~ tl~
that eoverod th pp ~ st uni~oxmly ov�r its ;
60 ~ in diameter, Cloyed almo
di~tue�d aareet~, re aucc���~ull~ obtained
Some ra;~e concentrated in a beam we
wl~ol� surfac�) ~ am� tim�, however,
cm ineid� th� tub�~ at the s
moves the cathode 24-30 er volta~�s
by
tub� app�ared at notic�ably low
the ind@pendent discl9erCe in th� elaotron
the conductor, ~eolatin~~ tho
lien the Cathode is plaC@d inside
than w
#.@r we determined the enQr~y.
hol of a diaphraCm 2 ~ in dia~�o ~
beam with tl~� p Zs ~ etic field;
tion of t~~eir boam b~ a ~~n
~ ~~~e �l�ctrons from ~~h� dell�c
o ranCed from
c,tion o~ t~~o tube) ":r
de~ endinC on tho aystom of on�r
this enerCyy f p the elea'~ron beam {
raleasin~
0 half million YOltB~ By `I
ono to on@ end on orous brAee
0~0~ mm alwnin~a foil flu�d top
u h the aluminum window ~ sub-
thro C ?h dif��rent
assaCe throu~,
do it o�sibl� to measure t~~eir p ~
disk) ~ w� p eased ~~hrough the
�nt in the beam which was rel .h
stances The total curt ~ electron b�am with
10x6 amps r~~ard th�
window wa� from 0.1 to l.0 c�nt3~metere
a s w~i.ch, thongs -filtered by two ~r
a l�ad disk, we obtained x r
late when
kening o~ a photographfc p
d node�ablo blac
o~ loads }~rod~~ce ~j,
r'~' e~poeed ;~cr dive minutes suite o~ which
~~'}i , : e reliminarY re ,
tt- - i '
riments with lithium ions, th p
For exile
a Sow P1~Ys, 8, 212, 193) ~ the
- crate not ~
ublished in a eep
have been p
nom c under coated with spode
thole was replaced by a plan ~
incandescent ca n~
~ emits lithium ions on being;
r:
nin lithium which
omens (a minQral oontai C
~ ,
j~,
heated)
h
r
~
^k
(~i 1
~~y~ ~
~,1 _
1
' ~4I � ~ ~ ~
_
b
1
_ -
f
� ! p'+
~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
~s
.
- ~ ~ -
;
f~.�~ : f"

~,~�r~ r.
'ems.
1,~',
t'
rolimina~ �~x~anto with protona
~l~ally, wo conduotod a o@ri�o o~ P
r
~~r,~ a wcs a Cookor�f~~alto~ charm?. tube whioh
on tl~ie tube ~ Tlio pro ion aouro
n disohar~� tube ~ The
nnootod to t~~o outlet in the lid of ~e
was co
oadin a aratuo~ vrl~iah wac placod `
diagram of thin tubo to~othor with ito ~ ~ Pp
orator is ol~awn in Fi~uro 5~
i~oido tl~a oonductor of tl~o oloctrostatic den ~
a Moto raph in Figure ~
and p 6
u h a alladij~ tuce with a sewed end
~e hydros�n was insert�d thro ~ p
n of th� oven s~~rroundir~ its T~~o apparatus
anal was regulated by ~tba variatio r
to consisted of an alternator driv�n by a motor
for focdin~ the charm�1 bu
-v lta . e tranef orr~�r (110/18,000 vef f) ~ and a .
moun#~d on th� f loot, a high o ~
�ctl matchod conditions for disol~ar~� iri
m�cl�~s,~~ical r�ctifior~ Und�r Corr y
of rotors passing tl~rou~h tl~� larg� discharge
th� al~anne~ tub�, t,~ie Loam p
~t� diem�tdr was lt~�s tl~ian one cent:-
. tube is dui�te sharply focused (the spo
n �tho acrQen was unpta~Ulos tl~e shot mov�d
mater), but �tl~a spots position o
ji
Clio limits of 2.3 cm from tho axis o~ the
in an irregular mannor within
tube
avo not yet succeeded in sta~ili~ing
In spite of many attecnp~ts, we h
ur ose of investigating the scattering of
the spots position with the p p
ors we in~?roduced the Proton beam through
rotors by protons du� to colli$i ,
4,
p thick into
diameter, covered with mica about 2 ~u. ,
a window about 0 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ vtP ~ ' ~r
d Frith l~ydrogen~ the chamber constructed by
a 1~ilson cloud chamber fill� ~
'd not differ essentially in its con�truction
~ s was 10 cm in diameter and d~.
a
bet membrane described by Wilson (Prot Roy Soc ;
from the chamber with a rub
see Fi ure 7, which shows a photograph cf k~
c
f A 14~, 1833)} ~ ! ~ ~
~ ! ~ttE~C~18d t0 t118 d~~
~B
riot of ~,he canduc~~nr with the Wilson sham er
the rote
,;a~ bons which we made of the tracks
~ ~ ~x� charge tube) ~ The rum�rous visual o serve
n euf f ic~.ent numbers) showed that
~ uite diet ~.nct and i
(which ware r~~r+~ q
that observation of them
` ~ /actions are encountered so rarely
ular def
~ lame
~ rac~tice rat f�asible~ wa w~.11 conN
y~,~,h the aid of a wilson chamber is P
~ 4' +
erimants in other apparatus
~:M time et~.c1~ exp ,
s~
-ZO-
,
.
t.~ , P`~;
- ~ . . , i
~ .
� ,~w.
.
i. ;
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
.
~ :=p
r
~ ~ ~ A
}I
r
yL n_ 6i'!.
~f_
~4.
Ttiia Oho~t (~~!l~1~a~"y` olre~dy has shown alor~rly that the typoo o S�~-
orntora d@valopod by ua have proved the worth o~ employing t~~ie kind of ~n~
V�~t&A@ OO~rO@ @~~@~i~r~~t6 with diBOhargQ tube� ~t YOlta~@6 ~~h@r an
v lte however the ~onaxators deaorib@d did not oatie~y uo, rot
ono million o ~ ~
'r .
tiro oeooaood ca~it arativaly little power in epit� o~ t~ir larS� �iz�~
Y p p ,
~Iowover we day�lopod an improved typo of ~QnQrator, whioh will bb deooribod
below.
7~ 4~N~~T~tS i~~Th SphL~ICAL CONDUCTORS
4
(Nato= ~ number of design f�aturee us�~1 by us in the bu~fldin~ of this
b mowed from the work of Sramhall (~av S Inetr, 18, 193~~ ~
~;enorator wore o
d a?firam of tl~e operator ie ahowr~ fn ~'i~ur� a:~d ~.ts external r
The i ~ ~
a stance is � ict~~rod in I'i~uro 9 ~ The bae~.c elements o~ its design are s
al.pa ~
slit a ~lorical conductor A pressed from shoat co~por 1~~ mm thick; ine~alator ti
s,
j ~
str: ucture in t:~e form of an insulating cylinder D 3~0 ii~m fn rliu~~ei~er and
1000 mm long Yr~Jth a wall ~ mm thiclc; and rollers C, D,1r, C, rotating on ball-
in s and with their axles mounted in weld�d frame�~ The rollers were
bear g ~
a'lumintuu and were accurately balanced be:fare being mounted in tl~e
cast of
on c1�th rubberised two-ply ~~rcale) was gaccessfully used
g�n�rator, Salle ~
the belt which in this tyke of ~enar~itor works under more di~'ficult
for ~
{
conditions since it is subjected to reversed b�nding~ Tl-~e maximum voltage
om the enerator when o~orating "at no loads is a little mare
obtainable f r S
a
rr~, t oas~ared with the help of disc~~arga spheres 724 ~n in diameter)
than 700 kv (n .
At the farthest separation o~ tl~ie dischgr~ers, the discharge praceeds from
~f{ ~ ;
a conductor to the welded casing 4 of the ~enera~tor~ Th� halt is set in
th
~
~~�tion by a ~SQ.watt three-ph~aee ind~~ction motor M, mounted on t~?e platform
,r.
:gig,
?8F I; which is~ in turn, hinCad ~o the welded casing of the generator The
fi
r~~ ,
ti!
t'{;'
. ~~~f~ ~
i
rt
.1,', ~

r ~ ~ ~'f I t
-
c 7 p ~
17: F
S/ t l 1 t rCf ~~l art 11
1 )1 f4 i II ~
r i f1i,-I ~t,
r'
i. ! ~ `
~ v'? 1 1�.
~~r{~ ASiCyJ h
I1
4
,I ' j i
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
t
~
~,jx
~ ~ ~ + ~ F ,
2~ ~ K,,..
3
~3~._:: _
~5
.s~'
14;~'S;
F ~ f
uQO�@dod in obt~~in~ on this ~�~orator wos .
maxims bolt velooitY whioh we o
armors o~ thio too oporat@ o~ o bo~.t
3 motors ~�r so~cond~ ~ior~ally ion
3
Undor the so oonditionc tha ion@r~tor .
E
~reloQ~.t~ a~ 2~ Mors por ~�oond
in w~~iah tho h
ch~ractvrlstio piotured in Fi~uro l0~
~~oa~QSaoa t~so oxtarna
tod a1on~ t~~o abeoiosa~ (Hotos
rant takQn from tho generator was plot
cur
drs,inin~ o~~ tiro oorona ~aoint~ at d
- Tho oharact�ristice wore tak�n by
thro h o ~Alvanoa~'ter to grounds
sor�nt distances ~~?om tho conduotor, ~
lotted along tale ordinato~ Tho b�lt ie
~~he pot�ntial o~ the conductor wa�p ,
.volts o d�vice at 20 kv~ The generator can
cl~rg�d from an auxili~}ry high ~
tation~ In this ca�� th� cl~ar~ing davit�a -
�~l�o op�ra"to without �~ct�rnal �xci
we ~~id not succeed in
onn�ctod toget7~�r as in ~igur� 11. ~~ow�vor,
are o
t1~an 0~ o~ th� current produced by it in
from the generator gore ~
obtaining
~cn s~1~-�xcited the ~!,ene~~ator oj~�ratea
inde �ndent operation Moreov�r, w!
p
si~ive to moi�ture in the roomy and~,t~e
much lone stably and is v�ry sen ~ cQd
{ one s~tarti~3 to tl~� next X11 this ~ or
sign o~ its c~,argo c~~anges from
devic� in all tho genarators oP
us to utilise th� euxilia~ churg~g
described t,~p�~
' ~ + OL~ULl~Ap~NT ~F TEi~ aLNL~tA'~ORS ,
8, WAYS FOR T?1~ FU~'1~~L~
rs can procoed in several directior~e~
~irther dev�lopr~n't o~ the generato
constructional features o~ the generator
pn the one handy keeping th� basic
io:~s~ since the power o~ the generator
t one can increase its liner dimens
rtion to the cube of the lin�ar dimensions
in ro o
~ roximately p p
increases app ~
~ ,
enafons of tt~e conductor and currant is
voltage is proportional to the dim ,y
~ do this prin-
Y in the conductors ~
n
9
ortional to the area of the opanir~~ ~ ~ ,
~ prop
,f
h'd ; kd.
eneratar described in a�ction 2. 4n t e
ciple we constructed t~Le larg�g
dimensions �or the generator one can inareas
tl~e same
y
, ~ other hand, keeping ere in which li
duced by it by replacing the atmosph
the current ~~ro `
cor~sidc~rably
R
e~~
%4
Y-
- l2 -
,
~3 ~ ~ ~
i a f r, i~irr
ev
~ !S. -
~ ~e~ N ~lA 7~ W ' ~ t flip 3
s 7:. ~ ~~3 i I ~s y
'4 ~ ~ ~
- 1 ~ ~ A r~
~ 1 ~j ~
,:f i
+
J
o t a~!' ; .
f ~.1..i N..,.,
't, ~ ~ - ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~

' i
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7

 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7
t
ui t ~
f'''
pppd
3;.
I~.
gq~r
,~yyif
P~"
`I
tho bolt movoo by a raedi~a with a groat�r c~oloot~io ~trort~t~~ (oo~p~ooaod
~aa) rind with a Zar~or diolootrio aon~tant (in~ulatin~ liqu3dy, ProooQdin~
in thin w~ wo oan oxpeat to inorQaoo trio go~~rator ~ o powor is pro~aortio~
to tk~o pro~act o~ dieloatric con�ta~~t ar?d di�loctrio otrongth a~' the tedium
t ~urrour~dia~~ tho bolt
At proaent vro are aonotructir~S a gQnerut~r filled in~ido vrit~~ trane-
�ormar oilf o.~4orirronto ~~th t~~ie will ~aor~~it uQ to varit~ tk~� accuracy of
tl:� a~ovo consic~oratione,
Another os�ibility is to att�rapt to raise t~`io generator ~ � voltap� by
su~~roun~ling its conductor with a �olid~ liquid, or gaseous d~electrio of
l~ig1~ di�l�ctric �trength, we area ateo conducting experimonte of tk~i� t~o~
finally, one can dry to find a sol~;tion by a now d�eign that rejects
t~;o belt construction, In part~,oijl~r~ anQ of t~~e poseiblc eolrtions to �~he
~~roblom is the replacQmont of tl�>:@ bolt by charged dust driven alot~ ley a
ra~~idl~� moving r~trua~n of air, Wo arc conductir~ ~,rQlirainar3r ex~jarimants in
tl�~is direction also
drl~
In the constr~~ction of th� d:.fra~{e~~t goneratr,rs~and in ttio experiments
much acaie~~ance ~~as afford�d us by our co-worl~ors Engineer Var~nel? (con-
struetion and t�sting off` t~:o generator ~~ith ~e spher~.cal conductor} ~
~gineer Taranov (construction and testing of th� tube), Engineer Vodola~hskiy
and Engin�er Marushchak, to whom we express our gratitud�. ,irk
Submitted to Lditor~.al Eoard 26 Sept lA~~
' 50X1-HUM
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J05/25 :CIA-RDP82-000398000100100021-7