USE OF LIGNITE IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT FEEDING CONDITIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100050048-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 7, 2012
• Sequence Number: 48
• Publication Date: June 23, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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50X1 -HUM
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'~IMwM~
Us it TIU h IOVEMI , * Pi . ANT FEKDING CONDITIONS
P. A. Vlr~a yi,tk
A11-Union -3cientifio RouAnroh
Inotitute foruanrec~te,
A~roohernionl Laboratory, Kiev
Ch?nticclizrttion Qf agriculturo iri a potent rlothod.rtcrQa-
air- of icul.tuT1 prodtaotivity. In ttaiIditi on to orgi r is rrntl rninorati
'o~tilizora, mnnnew cltomi caul rfortns ~auot bo wic.loly aprliod tca
4 riculture.
Not lnfroc1uont1 /, the uco oS' ii iticarr l fortilizo 'c~ load to
incracod coracontrrtion of aa1tc uround the a oodca. Tho oloctrolytio
pi'opC i'ty of mr~ut mi,norct1 fertilizors may poa'eaptibly rotar'd plant
growth (cipeciatlly during the eariy period of growth) with a con-
ueciuontly detrimcntal effoct on the hnrvo.t. Methoda which will
mitigate 5httir1) and eomotimae evor~ toxic effect c,f mineral ferti].izurt~
must be found. Ono such method is tha joint use of organic arid mine11tl
ferti1izor;.
When organic fortilizere acre used in corbinaxtion,thoy absorb the
nutrients fron' rltlneraal fer1,i3.izer's and the aeult is a decided ir~-
provenient in the phy{avioingical feeding regimen of pl nte. Nowevcr,
in practice, ~? i ^t alwev?a ; cp iris to tree nrgen1c fprti7.izere in
combination with mineral Certilizerr , arid as mixture of the two iaj
u$urtlly applied as a basic fertilizer. In addition to the basic fertilizer,
mineral fertilizers are applied at the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute for Sugar fleets, first to the sugar beet rows, then again to
the growing crop during the growing period.
In many regions, ordinary mineral fertilizers often have too
sharp an effect on the sugar beet head because of a deficiency of
soluble carbohydrates for combining with the ammonium nitrogen
C 0 ?FIflhN hAt
CONF ENT1AL
_1-
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11
 CONFIDENTIAL
of the fArt,i2sre, To inoroa~a the effectiven?oe of mine~al
rArti:.ize2'e applied to the rows of btu, applicAtien in grnnu1er
forms viol as appiication of eorbenta to Qontral the effOQt Qn
the rood are indioatpc3. At thif inetitutA, lignite a lignite taii-f%itM
inge nre being uoed t-e soxl~ent . ~ ckznl~irt t tp P ant fending
regii n, boini in conformity with thA biological r?quirementu of tho
plant i, iner(1 both thwi ci~e of the hurvoiit and tote quctility of
ctigricw1turctl products.
Thin uathoci of mitt gatir~i, tho sharp effect of ordinary fortili-
~Ir13 pan tlgr boat; is of great interest.
Vory nftcin, upon applicotien of orc1inc~y ammonium sulfato and
c~mmoniuni nitrato fort:iizora, garmirWtion of sugar beets was re-
tc.rdod 1 1/2 - 2 weckn. With drying out of the upper layer of soil
during that tiro, the young plants took root lean aecuroly in the
moiator layero of coil, tho sprouts v'oro lost hardy, and the harvest
was smal.ier.
Application of small quantities (20-30 kilop;rams per hoctlnrp
of high c,sh content lignite togothor with mineral fertilizers promoted
better uti1iation of the nutxiientc contained in tho fertilizers.
The retardo.tion of growth was eliminated, the effectiveness of ordinary
fertilizers was increased, and as a result the sugar beet harvest and
sttg tr content of the boats was greater.
The sorbertts assisted the biological selection capacity of the
young plants, eliminated mechanical manifestations of physical nutrient
osmosis from fertilizers and soil, and thereby improved the physiological
feeding rogimon of the plants.
This institute carried out experiments with sugar beets and other
crops jointly with workers of the Phypiolagy of Plant Feeding Laboratory
in the In titute of plant physiology and Agrochemistry of the Academy of
Sciences USSR, from 1946 through 1945. During this time, while searching
coiicauENteM.
-2-
,
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CONFIOEN TIE
Var n method of reduein(; nitTAfon ,os1o3, esient~ etn d~v~1cpad
the method of aornpQntf.ng iignit4 and iignitQ tciiingn with nure.
With IU Qtaie stQrUge G manure, nit 'pgpn 1Aseee WorA to high as
~o pQrcont with amnoniura nitrogen disappearing ccmp1cteLy. Dut it
was found thiLt v;Y~en aorbento wore cAmpontod with mannuro, losnes
of nitzo;Qn as wall ae oV othQz' nutricntn wore rt dwwd and the phyn -
Qlogicil offert of manure on plant Voiding was impovcd.
Labortttoty and field oxperimontn wore conauated with lignitoo
from tho Yur1 ovka (Zvenigovodokiy Lyon, Kiev Oblast) and A1eknanclriya
(k-irovogrAd Oblast) dopocitn. Li~nitoo from the Yurkovka clc-poait oon-
twin 0.53 porcont nitro+en, 0.39 pcrcont phosphoric ccid, and 0.63
percent potassium oxide. Those from the A1Qkaand:riya dopocit contain 1,15
percent nitrof;an and 0,67 porcent pot&~isium; no phonphoriri acid has
beon d?toctted in them. According to data of A. D. Khomenko, one gram
of lignite adsorbs on ity surfaco 30 mi11igra.ms of n 100-cubic-conti-
meter ono-percent solution of ammonium sulfate, 1$.6 milligrams of a
0.1 percent solution, and 1.51 milligrams of a 0.01 percent ;elution.
In the cshes of the lignites, traoea of magnesium, sodium, and several
trace elements were detected in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potnssium. LCaborlttory experiments showed that 100 grxrlms of lignite
absorb 2.5 grams of methylene blue. This absorptive capacity testifies
to the unusual qualities of lignites as sorbents.
C
A special experiment was set up to 111arify the sorptive qualities
of lignites and the mode of plant feedings one gram of lignite was
added to a 150-cubic-centimeter nutrient mixture and young sugar beet
plants planted in it. For comparison, other sugar beet plants were
planted in a similar nutrient mixture but without lignite added.
CONflDENT1AI
3
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COMF1DEMIL
The ohan in acncentration brought about through sorption
of nutvtenta by the 1intte prior to planttng of boot plants and
thrLtch 0ont~'o11Qd xeactiona c-birtC 30 clays or thoir growth domon-
ptxated that lt ite can carve ao an important means oi' oonfrolling
minornl foAdin of auger boets.
At tho bo inning of the exporimantr tho nutriont mixturof
oontcinod 2.!+9 mo1ocu1A2 oquivalonts of ammonia d 2.03 mo1oeular
c hvrio acid; 48 haute aftor ono gi m of lignito
f hop
aguivalenis o p
adclod to ono mixture, its amirtonta content hod deolinod to
had boon
0,13 gaoloc~ilar oquivalonte cc oomparcd with 2.49 moloeulnr oquiva-
tho oontrol mixturo, whilo phosphoric aoicl content had
1?nts in
dealin?a to 0.9mo1ocu1ar enuivnlentf in tho mixture with sorbont
d with 1.9$ moleoulnr equivalents in the mL:ture withant
30 aompax e
the earbent. After the ugnr boat plenty had grovm in the mixttares
f ors 30 daYa , nutrients remaining in the mixture without lignite
were considorab~.Y lees than in the mi thus with lignite. xhis fact
tcatee that a positive effect ie obtained by using 1ignito as
ind
a ?orbent.
It is eigfl ficttnt that ammonia content in tho mixture without
the sorbont doclincd 'O.35 molecult~x oquivalenta while in the
m..
rt. .OA&
e
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V ry
mixture with the sorbent itf ~1 ncrea sed .tl.0 molecular equivQlents during the given growing period. Thia difference is explained by
ie ions taking place between tho nutrient saturated
the
paxticlos of lignite and the root excretions of the plants. Thua,
the soxbent qualities of lignite manifest themsolvea during the
earliest part of the growing period.
the conclusion of this experiment, a series of expori-
After
menu was conducted with different agricultural plants. In 1946,
laboratory experiments were conducted with winter rye, corn, and
M4?
CONFfpENTIAI
 CONF1QENTIAt
barloYj in 1947, with beans and oats. RASu Lta of the 1946 oxpori-
manta are ivon in Tab1o 1.
Table 1 - Effoot of Li~nlto in Improving P1snt reeding
Table 2 - Effect of Borbent on P1 int Growth
Control 15.7
Lignite, 1 g 19.3
Lignite, 5 g ~.5.~
Bea
is
Height
Number
weight Cata1aee eroxidaset,
WeSgLe
f
of
orb,
4r'amrQ.1N Cu cm 0
.1N
of
th
o
P1anLs
Green
Maas
04 on
l g)
' K In04 on
1 g7
Tanta
Plant o
oots
1~.7
i25.72
3.0
47.9
135
34.914.8
21.3
130.92
2.43
57.3
142
33.0 6.8
26.6
140.2
1.gO
5g.7
154
23.0 17.4
Germination of beans was better with the smaller addition of
the sorbent, that of oats with the larger dose. Bean plant height,
on the other hand, as well as tota1 weight of bean plants and
S' CONFIDENTIAl
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ExporimF,+nt Vorianta Number "1IoiIh't P~oight
of of ' 0f017
5proutoP1anta. MttRA
f
Mn
Nutriont mire Yrith
ammonium sulfite 7.5 14.0 1179 15.1 109.6 112.5 39.5 21.0
Same, with lignito
added 15.6 17.55 i6.60 18.2 121.1 62.9 24.0 24.0
The table show o thc-t plant growth incr?a sod except in the oa se
of barley. Tho numb?r of winter xye sprouts douhlod upon addition
of tho sorbent, average plant height was groator~ and dry mass
weight inoreaRed ooneiderab1Y. The same inoreasos were noted for
t wnir~ht deir almost
corn, except that zoo ~
As eF,own in Table 2, the roeults of the 1947 experiments worn
similar.
Hoight Wo ht weight
of of of
Plants; Above-' Roots
r.,+/u,1,Mf4~
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CONHDENT1A1
poroxtdase notion, wore greater with tho larger done. but with the
inoroaae of po~oxidaos aotiorn, oata1aoa aotion dooiinod.
Tho 1913 oxporin nta oonduatod with corn gavo eti11 more
definito re ul'to, as ohown in Table 3.
Table 3 - Nffeot of Lignito on Corn Growth
tion
Two Mori h Mto'
of of 100 of of of of
Plants Plants g % Plants Plants Panic- Panic-
46
62
95
99
13,6
640
15,0
725
16.6
953
17.3
1,230
1os lee
360
18.6
100
19
36
3
20.0
420
25,6
137
23
65
13
24.7
573
11,2.0
763
39
235
27
89.4
758
158.0
849.4
52
327
32
103.8
As is seen, the weight and height of plants as well as weight of
6.
CONFIDEN flAt
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Exnoriment Variants Mht Longth 19o1~ht Chloro- 7Ye ghin Grams
C ontrol
Lignite
Manure
of of of 100 phy].1 Greon Roots ~gtalk Grain
Plants Roots Plants Mass
Marn~re and lignite 74
Height Weight Woiitt of 104 Podgy Dumber Weight Number Weight
0.89
310
45
265
26.3
1.11
350
52
298
34.1
1.18
x'93
132
661
26.O
1.40
880
150
730
3141.0
The given date tastif ies thct the addition of lignito sharply
improved the physiological prop?rties of the fooding regimen in
all ease?. As a reault, the hoight and weight of the planta as
well c n the harvest of grain inorea sed greatly. The amount of
chlorophyll in the loaves likewido inorea+ed, a fact which con-
firraa the favorable effect of sorbonta on the feeding regimen and
syntha?ia processes in plants. Those properties of lignite w?ra
verified also with rospect to other plants, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 - Eft`oct of Lignite on Pea and P~i11et Growth
Experiment Variants
Control
Lignite
Manure
Manure and Lignite
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CONFIDENTIAL
fruit in o'1a and panicles became oonoidorablyraator under tho
influonoe of ii~nito. After laboratory oxporimvnta ha bon come
LA
a. 1 ald oxporimentQ were oarriod out. WO4C1k;t. I omonko1
plated, fi
d tho o cPerimonta on the experimental area of the Institute
conducts
of Plant Ptroiology and A~ oohernietry and on a member of kolkhoZea
'
in Kiev Oblr+at In 1947, oxporimvnt? wore oonch~atod with auger boote
on plot of freehly f'ortilixed land on tho kolkho~
are-meta
2A0 oqu
Kooulta of theeo oxporimonto Aro shown in Table 5?
im?ni Stal .
Table 5 - lffoct on tho Narvoat and SuaaContont of $ugar Boots
of Adding Varying Doeoa of Lignite to Minoral ~`ortiliZers
Appliod to the Bows (Contnoper Hectar: o)
ont V~arianta Boot InoroABe Inoroaao Sugar Amount Incroaso
I porirn. , ,.___-___~ ~1n + Cott of in
on Land i'or'G117.zea [gut vsakd Sort~ont Sugar aUar
with N15, P20, Ki5 (;~~ o
ithL
Control
NPK 160.5 10.5
NPK and 10 kg/h 1ign41Bl?0 31.0
NPK ~tnd 20 kg/h "to 191.0 41.0
ci.niciUEN11at
r 7 i
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17,5
26.3
18.2
29.2
20.5
18.1
33.3
30.5
18.5
35.3
24.5
18.6
34.4
22.5
18.6
34.0
2.9
7.0
9,0
8.l
7.7
Th that in ale. cases the addition of lignite con-
~'
'r shoti~:
r er boot harvest and greater sugar content in the
tr ibutod to e tag
beets although the addition of 20-30 kilograms per hectare produced
the best effect.
Average resulta of experiments conducted by Khomenko in 1947
and 194$ on sandy loam soils at Goloseyevo noar Kiev are shotim in
Table 6.
 tho Harvest and St8ar Contort of $u8A2' ~oot?
Table 6 - Nf f oot on
Li - it? to Mineral Fertilizers Applied to thA
f Adding ~
o
flown (Contnara pax I?otaro)
is Boot Inoreas? Inar?aso Sugar Amount Increase
Iaxpcrimant Vaxiar t duo to Content of
(k?~I
on Land 1+ ertilizeC n uvaa Sorbent Sugar 8ugcr
with N15, P20, K15 (/hl (_o/ )_%~ (oi'h) (q1).
Control
Lignito 190.0
NPK 214.7
NPK and lignite 256.9
2N and PK 227.3
2N and PK and lignite 258.5
1947 Data
18.2
34.3
1.4
1.4
19~0
36.1
26.1
-
19.0
40.8
68.3
42.2
19.2
49.3
38.7
-
18.8
42.7
69.9
31.2
19.2
49.6
1948 Data
-
1.8
6.5
15.0
8.6
15.3
Control
168.0
- -
18.0
30.2
-
Lignite
166.9
-l.l -:14.1
18.2
30.4
0.2
NPI{
196.2
28.2 -
18.0
35.3
5.1
NPK and li~mite
221.1
~
56.1 27.9
18.4
41.2
11.0
2N and PK
193,9
25.9 -
17.8
34.5
4.3
6
8
4
43
$
13.
2N and PK and lignite 237.8 69.$ 43.9
.
1
.
.
It is aeon from the table that the addition of 1lgnito almost
the effoetiven?se of fertilizers applied to the rows,
danbled
increasing the 1947 hoot harvest 42 centners per hectare and the
amount of sugar 9 centners per hectare. This increase was main-
the amount of nitrogen was doubled. In 1948, the
to fined when
addition of lignite raised the effectiveness of the fertilizer by
increasing the beet harvest 27.9 centners per hectare and the
amrnlnt of sugar 6 centners per hectare.
Data compiled b Khomenko show that lignite sorbents, used
by
together with mineral fertilizer and applied to sugar beet rows,
8
CONFIOENTIAL
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to 2,98 square centim~tera whon tho amount aP nitro~on was daubladT
oonaiderably ohanCed tho phyoiologioal plant L?sding regim?n. The
annimilation aurfaoe per plant inoreased from 1,785 to 2,316 Agare
oantimotora upon application of mineral fertilizer to the row and
on the norbont wan added, tho oorrenpondinC toroaao in tho first
oano was from 1,785 to 2,365 and in tho neaond cane to 2,653 aquo
oentimotora (an of 19 one). The amount of ohlorophyll likewiso
inorennod.
Tho ohango in phyniologicol roCimon resultinC from the addition
or 1iCnite inoroanod tho boot harVoat in all oxporimonta oarriod out
rhuring the pant two yonrn both on the axporimontal area and on tho
kolkhozes. Re u1ta of the exporimonta are proriented in Table 7.
Table 7 .' Iaffact on the I1arvest and Sugar Content of Sugcir Boots
of Adding Lignite to Mineral rortilizors Appliod to the Itows
Indexes Soil Typo Control Lignite INPK NPK nd
Kolkhoz imeni Stalin at Zvenigorodks, 1947
Harvest, centnoro par heotar? Leached 150 147.5 160.5 185
oherno-
zem -'2.5 10.5 35
17.5 18.1 18.2 18.6
Amcnmt of magar, c/h 26.3 27.1 29.1 34.4
Inoroase in sugar, o/h
- 0.8 2.9 8.1
Sciontifio-Experimental Area, 1947
Harvest, c/h Slightly 188.6 190 214.7 2%.9
podsolic
Increase, c/h nandy - 1.4 26.1 68.3
loam
Sugar content, % 18.2 19.0 19.0 19.2
Amount of sugar, oh 34.3 36,1 40.8 49.3
Increase in sugar, oh - 1,8 6.5 15.0
C 0 NEIDEN TI AI
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CONFIDFNTi At
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Indoxoo
Harvest, a/h
Inoroano, o/h
Sugar oontent,
Amount of ougar, d/
Inoraa se in eugar, o/h
Soil Type Oontroll Lignito~ NPK \PK find
Same, 1948
0.2
1dt.
224.1
28.2 56.1
Kolkhoz imoni Shovohonico at Gu?akovo, Zvonigorodskiy Mayon, 1948
Squad Ya. r . Krytioh k
}Iarvost, c/h
LeQohod 154 160
.chorno-
197
224
Ino,r'so, o/h '
zem - 6
43
70
Sugar content, %
15.6
1.8
17.4
18.2
Amount of sugar, o/h
24.0
25.3
34.3
40,8
Inorea se in suer, o,4i
-
Same, Squad Ya. G. Yatsonko
1.3
10.3
16.8
Harvest,' o/h
,
Leached 174
ch?rno-
174
190
205
Increa se, c/h
zem -
-
16
31
Sugar oontent, %
15.4
15.6
13.8
19,8
Amount of sugar, c/h
26.8
27.1
35.7
40.6
Increa eo in sugar, c/`h
-
0.3
6.9
13.8
Kolkhoz imeni Voroehilov at Zvenigorodka, 1948
Squad N. M. Kul'baohenko
Harvest, c/h
Slightly
leached
96
94
120
143
Increase, e/h
ehernozem
-
-2
24
47
Those data attest to the great effectiveness of sorbente under
production conditions. Recognizing this, the Council of Ministers USSR
proposed to the ?'Iinistry of Agriculture that lignite be widely used
on kolkhoz and sovkhoz fields in 1949. It is to be tried out on
8,500 hectares.
The question of using lignite in connoction with manure storage
 1f It
u ti u
H Pt ti u
- 11
CONFWENYIAI
decomposition of organic
5o,o 2.19 0.7g 1.9~
410.5 59.0 2.34 1.092 1.96
1,896.0 60.3 2.5 5 0.956 2.05
1,952.0 66.0 2.63 1.10 -
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merits noriaue attention. The first oxperimonto wore oarriod out
in 1946 undor fiold and laboratory oonditiono by mombore of this
instituto in anaooiation with P. Z. Lleoval and I. M. Derneteyn
of the Inotitute of Plant Physiology and Agroohemiotry of the
Aoademy of Saionoos Ua R. Monure was oompoeted with lignite from
the Yurkovka doponit and placed in small tronah?a holding ono kilo-
gram for aoxobio c tongs. Pon 1tn of the oxporim?nt are chown in
Table 8.
Tablo S ? Composition of Manure Upon Competing with Lignito
Ammonium Nitrogen Total Amount of Nutrients
per Kg of Aboolute? in Dry Manure aft?r 7
1periment Vnriantn ly Dry Manure 1'dtattor Montha
Control
Lignite (40 g)
590 260 305
1.77 0.46
590 $40 780 2 OQ 1.44
the extent of
0,76
0.97
The table shows ~eac nutriont losnos ~oaiec cluing. etornge
the retention of nutrients
of manure and, on the other hand, r>~anu e
is cO1i1 U) t cl ?pith ~.:U'nita. Miorobiologioal anc1ysis astablishecl
that the msrntae gran onriched by mien"oflora gonerally and, more
expeiting
Gpecif:.ca11y, by armonifiers
1, 76g 0.957 1.99 232?
matter. Tho rnsult;i of this oxperiment were subotontiatod by thoao
(Table 9) oonduotbd in 1947 on a :Lai"ger scale with 1i nLto fron the
Aleksandriya deposit.
Table 9 - Composition of r1anure Upon Composting with Lignite
din Parcont of Absolutely Dry Matter)
4~ 6 7
Nxperimont 'V'ariants Ammonium Total A aunt." Ammonium Ammonium?
Nitrogen % Nitrogen Nitrogen
par Kg N P205 K20 per per Kg
Control
Lignite (5 g)
Lignite (10 g)
Lign~Lte (20 gram)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/07 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100050048-4
?DNFffiENTIAI
high aoh content
Tho voQulte of tho experiments show thnt/1ignite, An inoxpenaive
and rcadi1y pr.oaurab1e materiA1, pronorveu manure ch~rin atorago,
manor e
prorotes retention of epoapin ammonia, and enriohsW by inorea'
in tho nut-L'ionte par unit of dh7 ratter. Tho main diffiaulty
connooted with manuro ntorago, oapaoia3Ly by tho aerobic method,
is the goat loon of the moat valuahlo nitzronaaa rniti',l,enta. Tho
Aliminatos the neec1 for
Qnrobio mothocl of AxoOpaive hauling of
vntox', mace victor oompoaoa not moxie than 20-25 porc?nt of the
tote l ma nn of man~u~e. With the ono or ob io mothocl, on the othor haM,
marnu)'Q contQina abort 75 porcont vrotoz' on to avoragc.
It is olocr from tho data given tha'b lignite permits the prow
corvation of all nutx'iontn in manure as wall an the enriohrnent of
its oomposition, which Caro importont faotorc in aerobia storage.
Table 10 illuntratoa thane factor's.
Table 10 ? Composition of rk nuro, Compoatocl with Lignito and
Minoral Fertilizers (in oroent of Absolutely Dry Mace)
Exporiment Var.tntc Ammonium Ammonium N
12~
KO
too N PO K O Nitro . an
Control
0.1904 1.825 0.871 1.693 0.1249 1.074
1.066
1.396
NPK
0.3516 2.488 1.606 2.156 0.2435 1.429
1.612
1.650
PK o,186o 1.820 1.613 2.144 0.2316 1.389
i.610
1.473
NPK and lignite 0.3422 2.410 1.655 2.168 0.4292 1.780
1.637
1.528
PK and lignite 0.1$30 1.847 1.567 2.220 0.2427 1.754
1.669
1.652
Lignite 0.2660 1.566 o.563 1.520 0.1935 1.120
1.134
1.566
Ac we see, composting of manure with lignite and mineral forti-
lizerc considerably increases the physiological activity of manure as
a fertilizer. In a series of experiments, the results of which were
ibli h d in ,fro io o Na 6, 1948, a high level of effectivenoas
was established in timely composting of manure with mineral fertilizers.
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This methcd, aa'ip~p ~o the ouatotuax .`'rf using organio and
minors/ fertilisers jointly, inoveasen the sugar beet harvest
25-30 oontnern per heotare and tho amount of eugnx obtained 7^13.
aontnor a per heotax0.
Memboz' of this institute together with P. Z. Lisovai oarriod
out an eYporiment i~ composting marnnre with mineral fertilizers
and lignite ardor production conditions. Layere of manure were
interapoxrsed with guantitiea of minoral fertilizers and lignite.
Thon, the marnlre wan appliod in ar boot planting.
The harvest of beats on the control part of the field wan
291 centne='e pox hectare. Application of mamira inoreased the
harvest lag oontrners per hootare, application of mineral ferti-
lizer alone (at a rato of 45-60 kilograms per hectare) inoreattad
it 77.5 oentners per hootare. Applioation of lignite by itself
(10 centers, the name amount used for composting with manure)
increased the harvest 43 centnexs per hootare, while applioation
of oomposted lignite and manure increased it 121 oentners per hec-
tare. Application of manure together with mineral fertilizer with
out composting cauaed an increase of 147 centnerc per hectare in
the harvest, while application of manum composted with mineral fer-
tilizer produced an increase of 165 centnors per hectare. Appli-
cation of lignite composted with mineral fertilizer raised the
harvest 15 oentners per hectare, while application of lignite
and mineral i'ertilizer without composting raised it only 169 oen~-
ners per hectare.
It can be stated with complete confidence that the improved
quality of the manure and its increased physiological effective
near by virtue of microbiological processes, which take place most
favorably when manure is composted with lignite and mineral ferti?
lizer, are the main reasons for the sharply increased harvest.
On the basis of all that has been pointed cwt above, it is
-
CONFIDENT1At - '
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CONFIDENTIAL
ponnible to make the following eummationst
1. The high eorptive quaiitiea of lignite make it a useful
agont for imp2oving the phyAio1Agica1 feeding regimen of agri-
cultural plantn.
2. The positive effect of lignite on tho plant feeding prooeoA
wan oatab1iehed whon auger beat plants wore grovm in water con-
taining uniform feeding mixtureo with and without lignite eorbente
f car periods of 48 hours and 30 days.
3? Under the influence of eorbenta, the biochemical and phynio-
logical a~ugnr boot development prooeaeov (a?dimilntion eurfaoe,
oxidation-uoduction onzynatio
chlorophyll aocurnulation,/ activity,
respiration
and )';-:--iiulc intensity) improved noticeably.
4. The sugar beet harvest inorease upon application of mineral
fertilizers in numeraug experiments amounted to 16-43 oontnara
per hectare, but upon application of the same fertilizers together
with 30 kilograms of lignite per hectare it amounted to ve
7
f
ra
o
an average
centners per heotare. Beet sugar content increasod/U.2-1 percent
~~ under the infltiuonce of lignite.
high ash content
5. The/ lignites of Yurkovka and Aleksandriya deposits are
good sorbents, inareaeing the effectivenese not only of mineral
fertilizers1but also of manuro) and redueing or eliminating the
retardation of plane growth during the early growing period
resulting from the application of mineral fertilizers.
6. During aerobic storage of manure, lignite promoted its
enrichment with nitrogen, phoaphorug, and potassiwn and favored
the growth of microflora and ammonifiers. The same action was
observed when manure was composted with mineral fertilizers
and sorbents.
The best compost was shown to be formed by a ratio of 10
oentners of lignite to 2030 tons of manure ~ hectare.
CONFIDENTI t
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/03/07 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100050048-4
 COKFEWflAE
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CONFIDENTIAL
7. Joint application of linite, n~nuxe, and minoxal terti-
lizer in tha form of oompoet inoxea~ed the ugax beat hprveet 26
oentnoro per haotsre and tho amount of ,sugar 8.9 oentnez' pox
d/
w
hectare. AL;;b4Lfot aA noxeae he Data harvest .2 oent-
naxa pox hQotaxe.
8. L1 nito is an inexpensive and highly effeotive means for
oor%ponting manure and is reoommondod for wide application on
kolkhozes and eovkhozaa of the USSR.