(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED SOVIET PAPERS ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONTAMINATION, 1959(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 3, 2014
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: January 4, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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neclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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no PaaAmY "OKEAKTPAORR PULNOBCTE0
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na reneTameculie noumaTenn pud 3 Apyrux mopommx taBotental
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B. PzAu pudy 6e01103B0HotHiux n BoAopoczeg 1141110o1ne? ammaio
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03 ? CIA-RDP81-010431ROn4innt4nnnq
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03 ? CIA-RDP81-01n41Rna41nn1Annryz A
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03 ? CIA-RDP81-01043R0041nn14nnm_4
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50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03 : CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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marpagacas palms c asTencaanog aapasesnoom a Aosocautax,
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maccu ocismatT OTBOONTWILDO mucous* Dunk eapazennooTa.
fiftomute yliew=fiasua Apd moans, wqinapau
uosmaesues pumas:mom BOAHUX uaco s deperos finosaa /yse-
isalatoseliodsa nepacut c 1954 no 1957 metes pas/ nposexo-
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BOTHUX at B gnomon, puO, ue cosepramax MINTOraita umrpa-
lialI BMWAXXOH TIOOTORBBNUU oftTaTesnim npaOpeusux soX
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nen BO nom pas npesumeme JouldenTpaRam ocgo-
aonsux npounvos B onpysammeM ax opexe.
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neclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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NPOIANCNOBla pitec ?:Mientrattax y deperos Hamm Mumma,
aim TIONSINONVWD pinoavisnocTs s peOasTaTe raponimnoseHn
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nux INBOTHWX. Peeps:am nemusarasti =cum xeminpai
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
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Oonx mums Mmposero ?mem, nposeAessue eoseTexamm ram
e OopTa nemeAosaToaumoro eyAma "BliTantil UOJIHOOTEM OTTO.*
semis mpeAeTasmeene 0 memiemseeTm TOMBEIR MIX mpogeecos N
neATsepAmmx ENTCHOMBHp BeHTZAKIWO maxemmaJBsNx omeasimemmx
=rims. mom 00 83C, modeg pain mmposoro oneamm, moon-
aosammidt AAR omxopasesuff OM/RAM upoAsTos, npospaTmT6g
B ogar sexemenu p8ASIOUTOEUX MBOTOHOB, upogeoe panel*,
moTopmx seAumos maocaux, paempenma m ammmangam rupo6Apit-
MR Gummi AocTaTonlio HHTeHCIBUUTA, HO oyAeT BOCOT1 0oAe4
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OR B nOCTORBBOM ABMKOBHU g paAmumappue pemeeTpa B OTHOOX?
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uI aaxopopeup pulloaumpux oTxoAop, Tax Eau Taupe "Dorm"
pa CaMOU A036 ouamyTen Beam= MouTuum onoramn, oTparzsm?
ralta poAys moTput u pnTaTex4r4 map opeappnecnux WA. STAT
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?or?
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OW-
1. Aesnaenesso flpousssossue paiwasTsunoro Ofpon-.
Alts-90 se B ?pressen ANN. Pudsoe xDa8ii0T20, M24 1958V.
2. Kons A.M. Mon yrposers senosalteom sAepsua woos.
MAI' AB Ma, 1959 r.
3. Aedemeossit A.B. 00 HOTOUNWIX 0C000nOOTnx AelftErial
malux sounamppmel puma. Amu tie bOeCUBBoU Baralo-
TOTHRIenHoti Hompepennvm no npomonent paAnoannsnWx11 cladmalr-
Mx *moms m mezymema B uapo/pou xoesMom i naps, MOMS,
1957.
4, WWI A.H. CausTapsan oxpasa onpulux soAoesps
aarpsamesel paaoasTiessne BeMOCTBMine Megliel 1958.
5. tomes B.A. Baxamic aTouuoro B31411B3 Ha pubssM spousoes.
Puilnoe xonsamo, fit, 1957.
6. Mom Home Aansue o BAXUNN TepuonAepuux new-
sou ua Home olrausams. PudHoe xoasKoTso, 07, 1958,
7. CoBorento jtienue od onaCBOOTI nensTanag eAopsoro op
EMS. GO. ATOMm3AaT, 1959.
Genetics
Auerbach Charlotte: in the Atomic Ago. Landes, 1954.
90 Boroughs N. Tbit metabolism of Radiestrontium by Marine
Fishes. Ninth Pacific Science Congress, Novesber-16-30, 1957.
Bangkok, Thailand,
10. Boroughs if., Chipman W.A. and Rico T.R. Laboratory
Experimente on the Uptake, Aommulation and Lose of hadio-
nucloidea by Marine Or-errilmAe
The affects of Atomic Radiation an Oceanography and
Pisheries? Waehingtons 1957*
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/04/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R004100140003-4
2.
11, De Ousel' Martin. The Uptake of Retioastive Wastes
br Denthis Organisms, Ninth Paoifis Seisms* Congress. November
18m30, 1957$ Nanakoks Thailand.
12. laugh 411 1041, False&j,R. nd ethers+ A Neliminery
Radioactivity Survey along the California Through Ltsposel
Areas, Ninth Pacific Selene, Commas* Nevember 18-30, 1957,
Bangkok, Thailand.
13. Krumhols L.A. and Poster Ra. Aceumulation and
Retention of Ra4ioaotiviic7 fres Plosion Products and Radio-
materials by Fresh-water Organisms. The Effacts of Atomic
Radiation on Oceanography and Fisheries. Washington, 1957,
140 Tomijama J. and Kobayashi K. Direct Uptake of
Radioisotopes by ash, Ninth Pacifio Balance Congress. November
18.40, 1957, Bangkok, Thailand+
15+ ARC Gives Views on Andioacttvo Waste
Dispoaal at Sea. Saone*, ir.130, No. 3374, 1959.
16. Rosearth an th? Moots of the Nuclear
Bombs Test Explooions, Tokyo, 1955.
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Nov 2 0
006.0.4.4
TIN PROILEM RADDAACTIVE CONTAMINW/Off OP OCEAN AUD VARINE ORGANISMS
by
E. M. Kreps*
Various proceeses of the AUX:die Industry and nuclear laboratories
produce a great quantity of nuclear waste Which must be decontaminated
and disposed of. Two principal Methods of waste disposal are:
a. The storage under ground which should be made
preferably; in the maximum concentrated form,
under strictest safety storage conditions.
b. The maximum dilution and scattering in the
natural environment.
In selecting one or the other, the. deciding point should take
into consideration the security and safety of the population. The cost
of waste disposal or the economics are also of great importance.
The method of radioactive waste storage in special containers
buried in the ground is an expensive method; therefore, the atomic
industry in the capitalistic countries is consistently on the lookout
for cheaper means of disposal; namely, by scattering the waste in the
natural environment, primarily by dilution in the ocean and marine
waters.
Tny_ctizt_s_EsIhesofradioavasttamine.tionofmarinewiters
1. Systematit drainage into the coastal waters of liquid low-
activity radioactive waste produced by working reactors (Windscale
and Winfris Hiss in England, Tocan-)ary in Japan, and Holland, Belgium,
and Danish reactors under construction). The dilution in the coastal
waters of the law-activity waste from laboratories, hospitals, and
plants using radioisotopes belong to such a group.
This method of sea contamination is the most dangerous in
Western Europe with its small but thickly populated area. Nuclear
industries are built at the seashore where the waste drainage into the
coastal waters offers cheap means of waste disposal.
The Eklglish consider the permiseible marine dose of radioactivity
not exceeding 20,000 curies per ...eh (weral activity). These data
are based on the studies made ofe and 0 radioactivity in the water,
land, shore sand, seaweed, fish, and mollusks in the surrounding area.
Hover, at tbe present time, there are doubts about the safety of
Sr' and Ru100 concentrations in the sea and marine organisms.
When the shallow waters of the North Sea and other seas drain
the radio waste and the other countries (Holland, Belgium, Denmark,
* Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, USSR
STAT
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and Sweden) join together it can be easily foreseen that the mete
radioactivity will present real danger to all Duropean countries and the
situation vill become an international problem.
2. The disposal, by dumping into the ocean, of liquid high-activity
vests produced from the chemical purification of "consumed" fuel. The
remainder of the high-activity fission producti, as well as the used
chemical reactives, and varieus vapors produced by boiling radioactive
solutions form a large quantity of high-activity salt solutions.
The underground storage be concrete and steel tanks now used
in the USA is very expensive. At the present time the USA spends about
65 million dollars on sudh containers. Hence, economic considerations
gave rise to the project of dumping the waste into the ocean. '
This project is dangerous due to the insufficient knowledge
of the ocean meter circulation, the inabilj.ty of securing sufficient
isolation of radio wastes from the portions of the .ocean used by man,
or achieving sufficient dilution of the materials. As a matter of
fact, it is known that the vertical mixing and horizontal circulation
even at ..the lower depth of the ocean carry the radioactive waste to the
upper layers and spread them over the ocean.
The physical factors are enhanced by biological ones, caused by
the concentration (sometimes hundreds of thousands of times) of many
radio elements by plaekton end other organisms; the transition of
radio elements with the vertical migration of the animals from the
ocean depth to the surface speeds up the exchange of the radioactive
elements in the ocean.
The above factors created a serious threat to all humanity,
which resulted in the international agreement at the conference
of FebruaryeAuril 1958, forbidding the radioactive contamination of
marina waters.
Americans and Englieh, after dumping radioactive elements into
the Atlantic Ocean, maintained that the general radioactivity did
not exceed several hundred curies (old equipment). The breakdown
of nuclear reactor powered ships also offers a potential threat to
the marine eaters, especially in harbors.
3. The greatest danger of marine water contamination comes from
the fall out in nuclear and hydrogen bomb tests.
Studies were made of the radioact ity apd distribution of
the long-lived isotopes Sr90, Cs137, Cel 1 Prl 7, and 80:2, after
the nuclear teats. Here the concentration of the elements probably
does not show obvious biologlcal effects.
. A much more serious situation is found in the Pacific Ocean
where the systematic tests of nuclear weapons in the Marshall Islands
and Christmas Island raised to a considerable degree the radioactivity
In the ocean and atmosphere and in the marine argentine).
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Japanese investigations inShanktus-Maru (1954), am:1th after
the nuclear explosion 450 km from Bikini Atoll, found sea water
contaminated up to 9L,000 pulse/min/liter. There is a great deal of
data accumulated by various expeditions on the radioactive contamination
in the Pacific Ocean, an the time and space distribution, in the ocean
and atmosphere, in animals, and in plants caueed by atomic explosions.
The ship wVityaz" entered the area of highly radioactiv* contaminated
seas during its nth voyage in 1958. The see water contamination
sometimes exceeds all permissible doses and renders same of the .
rine products unusable by man.
* * *
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