STUDY OF GERMAN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES IN THE NEAR EAST AND RELATED AREAS PRIOR TO AND DURING WORLD WAR II

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 338
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 21, 2014
• Sequence Number: 4
• Content Type: REPORT

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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION
A. General . I
B. GIS Influence in the Near East During World War L . . . ? 3
C. GIS Policy Aims in the Near East and Related Areas 4
D. GIS Relations in the Near East with other Axis
Intelligence Services . . 8
E. Personal Rivalries Affecting GLS Ac.tvit es 9
II. COUNTRY SURVEYS. . ?
A. Afghanistan
B. Arab Peninsula. . .? . ,. .
C. Egypt .
India
D.49
E. rs iran
F. Iraq . ,
G. North Africa. .. ? ? . . .
H. Palestine and Transjordan . . ? ? ?
I. Syria. and Lebanon. . ? .
J. Turkey. ,. .
COMMUN..ST AND R1S ACTiV1T ES .N THE NEAR EAST .
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14
14
29
34
97
1.
06
3 3
145
154
1.7]
}91
A. Pre World War Ai t. v: t. es . 19)
B. World War Developmenis ? . 192
LV. APPENDIX
? ? ? . 231
A. Persons Connected wi.t.h GIS ActviJes, Wbose
Country of Origin was not indicated 231
13. Moslem Leaders from Balkan Countr.es Con?a( ?
with pro-German Aral-, Nat.Lona_- s. s . 241
C. Persons Engaged in Intell.gence A 4 t: es for
Intelligence Services other than the G.S.
. 244
D. German Nat:_onals Connected w G S s n
the Near East and Rejated Are . 248
flcti 01 GiS Network n the Near Last, 194, '943 . 335
Chart of the "M- Organ: zat:on" and *I-le -.ndian
Nat:onal Revolut:onarv Comun_t+ee. 336
SEC RET
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
ERRATA
eage 42 Para. on MANSUR-DAUD Line 13 correct "Italy to because" to read
"Italy because"
Change to read:
Page 3
Page 4
Page 10
Page 25
Page 34
Page 35
Page 41
Page 55
Page 57
Page 58
Page 65
Page 71
Page 8114
mage 134
Mirage 149
Page 149
Page 171
Page 185
Page 261
Page 262
Page 267
Page 287
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Para.
Para.
Para.
top
r ara.
Para.
Para.
8
7
2
5
on
BINDARI
Para. 25
??? ???
Para. on
BANNERJEE
Para. on
KEFAYAT- ULLA
Para. on
Santa SINGH
Para. 6
Para. on
Sheikh SEOUD
Para. on
SEID-OSMAN
First footnote
Para. on,
TASCIOGLOU
Para. on
GROBBA
Para. 5
Para. on
JORDAN
Para. on
SCHMIDT-DRUTINA Line
Line 3
Line 10
Line 7
Line 3
Line 10
Line 1
Line 1
Line 3
Line 1
Line
5
Line 1
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 2
Line 3
Line 9
Line 3
Lines 3-.4
Die=c1 in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
"Mos elm"
to
"furinshing" to
"predominently" to
",served" to
"sem ?covert" to
"affiars" to
"Vichy"
"maintaine"
"Sepbember"
"Sepbember"
;fuent"
"Intelec -"
"Moslem"
"furnishing"
predominantly"
I S evered"
"semi-covert"
liaffar s"
to "Vichy"
to "maintain"
to "September"
to "September"
to "student"
"deopsition" to
Itrecuritment" to
"greak"
provate"
f I alcholic"
"Council"
ifnegotiaitions"
"Affiars"
"assasination"
1:survailed"
to
"deposition"
recruitment"
rew:"
to "private"
to "alcoholic"
to
"Consul"
to T, negot:;_ations"
to " Af fa: r s"
to "assassination"
to "surveilled"
@ 50-Yr 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
1..17:.;I i.0-1.2)t.T. L. I IcDr\*.
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to the
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to k (." : , .: e Se 7.7 7; 1 C ()r Ott Lt. r ? ):1-,1 .1.1.11 Or :7; erlia-()iticaa.1
:c? 1' 1'1 1:1 '.:11..(?111 ( 1 c)SelV :-t..'1.11.c.'d Ctl Vitl S
:t ( (' r -held ,? r111.1.11. t r ()lieu r -
( ; ;) 0. :)C 11(IC(I 1.1)
Lit
extent on the (:FM and its diplomatic,
tyF- t ( t C . h I ' : r 1 0 S t (.) C rri Tri -
t'...01.1 5. A i re:y.1h the gained considerable insigbt into CTIS
aL, tvjtes, 01)(-1-,-iti00..s and :)ersond1tes, and in naariv ott:c-
I al c1
rt i, iI)ated in GIS o;)erat:onal a, well d H i t W.t 1 ODerat-Jons.
For several years the Departrnent oi State, usang captured
1. a been ngacd n resea:-(.'n and analysis of German
dh.liornatic ann Dolitical activity in many areas, -including, the Near East
and related areas, and has published selected materials, primarily for
aci.dernic and historic ;Durposes. Because the Department of State
s t s r t: not (..00c1.,-,ted for the purpose of providing co.,interiii...ulli-
g,enLe data tNev very few details of counterintelligence
This 2.s an atteni:)t 1:11 Inc gap, albeit. belatedly,.
4. The aDt',1reci Ciermar., d,o(1.::ments ,,verc :n England
dez? the control ot. the Unitecl Kingdom C7,7overn-rnenr.. were later
n a..-(ifIlmed and rc.'tc.:.r,,,ed (; the Bonn Cr v C 1'nI01(.'111 . 0.1 1 macro-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
S
1
,anc. tt &is) inter-base t: X
Li fl ( S I u c doL e-,ailline?i do no _he ,auy thc bulk of thc
files held at CIS CO ?rs
t.! ration s oricHo c,,,1).2) t,t. \vithout of NI support
111 S St 1.1 d. (.10e S 1-1)1. ti) COVt.' ,t1.1 (1 IS mit':I which the
UrMev er had, no r does 't : t.. C.; t' 1.0 rt 11.1 t. 7, 011 \VhIciI riav bc avail-
41
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t
repostorie s Should addit-?:onai significant data errierge from
further examination at ca;)t),ired materials, supplemental issuances
will he made
b. The term 'Ncar East and Related Areas'' as used in this
paper may not gain the fall approval of geographIc purists or be
entirely Ili :orc IiCC.,resel-,1. site of the ti S. -intelligence
lt 1 Ill t. t? Oiflfl'1SC the following countries and
.(irc.??4 S
,t 1-111 II (
)i itlS Ic ts
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c
1iio r 1 .
'Lark c?.?
holt
aci
Sv r]
Jorci,?
Saadi Aralyla
Pc rs.s.rtn Gulf ShcikdorTts
(uncle r r I h Prot c (?1.1 on
('01 CO
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k s n
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C .; )111C e 1'111,1ii
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) ? ' 111(
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1.nd ?-"IS oi 3 ; .. (1. I s V,..? t. ' r C < I V,....1 r i ' ( 1 1 , c : 1 i CI
i t I. ( 'rn ..)1 l' ( i t 0 t .1 I ? 1: 1 . 1.1 :11-7. s; j.1'1 ,. . 1.'11 t (H1 , , '.) r ( , , I)()1 )1 1 i , 1 ,
C. 011011 r&11 , ' ?'. i ) ' 1 , ., r , : al ,1 11(i ,-'H, -.' 0 I 0 `,J. ise c? an Aled attack ??
or iv son Lere so as Lo 21.55'i.St o', e r and support
r Cr r: S opt r. ' ?ve s in Kabul. He had but had
ii.ed when King AMANULLAH was dethroned"
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2.9. No ev.cle7ice found in thE.,; doc.u.I.-ncrts?t.:-xamined
to date, to indi,....ate dire,i:4 GIS centac tribes in the Sind
Pro? ince; it has, -however, been possible. Lo estabLis-i that the
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Hur Most rn Brot}7,erhood cooperated -,00sPly the' M Organization
,
ir _inch -14- .
30. T.h.e. GIS
?
? ? ?
base in Kabul maintained contact with several othecr
persons on the I.-ndo-Af,n7an border. In S pternbr 1942 these persons
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were listed as "YANIN", "YACUB", "BADAR", AMIU", "KHALEK",
and "YUSSUF". In addition, a Moslem clerk at the British Legation
in Kabul nicknamed "NEW OTTO", was in contact with one of the
GIS agents from India..
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Reference No.
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REFERENCES
(for text)
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Serial Frame
195
195
?
195
195
1110
195
195
2130
195
195
195
195
195
1065
195
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.
. ? ? S
. 195
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195
1081 .
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10810
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t110
0195
1065
? 1065e
195
1081
195
?
195
?
195
? 195
00
0
139159
139122,
139127,
139131,
139133,
139135,
139146
139150
139341
319919
139179
139189
4t.5673
139209
139747
139266
139194
139335
312902
139846,
Date
February 1941
April 1941
May 1941
January 1942
September 1942
July 1941
August 1941
May 1939
September 1941
July 1942
December 1941
June 1941
January 1942
September 1942
13 9848
August 1942
139214
September 1941
139194,
139195
July 1941
316435,
?
316456,
?
316445,
316420,
316.421,
316464
September 1943
?
316407,
?
?
316408
August 1943
316501,
316550,
?
316?545
October 1943
319919
Sepbember 1942
?
140245
?
March 1943
312825
AugIst 1942
312902
September 1942
139273
December 1941
316439
Sep,, ember 1943
139343
January 1942
159191
August 1941
139221
Sep?ember 1941
139864
August 1942
SECRET.
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e REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Date
195
139381,
139397
February 1942
195
140340
June 1943
195
139239,
139231,
139241
October 1941
195
139904
Sepbember 1942
195
140377
July 1943
27
17469
December 1943
1065
312879
September 1942
736
267133
December 1943
195
140341,
140343
June 1943
1081
316422,
316435,
316436
September 1943
1081
316406,
316410,
316416,
316418
September 1943
1081
316390,
316396,
316398,
316400,
316402
August 1943
1081
316580,
316582
December 1943
1081
316549
October 1943
4
195
139279,
139285
December 1941
195
139209
September 1941
4930
261904,
2.6195V
March 1942
4930
2 2 0 5 9
July 1942
5
195
139195
July 1941
195
139191
August 1941
1L95
139584
April 1942
195
139843
August 1942
195
140370
July 1943
195
139341
January 1942
195
140354
June 1943
1095
139864
August 1942
195
139933,
o
139899
September 1942
0
S E?C R E T
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. ? Serial Frame(s) Date
6
7
8
?
195 139864 August 1942
195 139899,
139907 September 1942
195 140032 November 1942
195 140080 January 1943
195 139810,
13 9848 August 1942.
1064 312799 July 1942
4930 262075 July 1942
4930 262125 August 1942
195 140085;
140094
1081 316435
195 140119
195 140245
1081 316456
4930 262270
195 140221,
140224,
140226
195 140339
1081 316418
1029 310483,
310490
1029 310509
1081 316419,
January 1943
September 1943
January 1943
March 1943
September 1943
November 1942
February 1943
June 1943
September 1943
February 1.94-2.
January 1942
316464 September 1943
195 140388,
140396,
140401 July 1943
1081 316418,
316398,
316464 September 1943
1081 316426,
316431 September 1943
1081 316643 August 1943
1081 316421,
316426
1081 316582.
? 1081 316383
1081 3164.47,
316491
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59
September 1943
December 1943
August 1943
September 1943
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Sera1 Frame(s)
Date
1081
316410,
316558
November 1943
1081
316553
October 1943
1081
316546,
316551,
316501
October 1943
17469
December 1943
1081
316585
December 1943
10
195
139245,
139255
November 1941
11
195
139218
September 1941
195
139180
July 1941
195
139892
September 1942
195
140228
March 1943
195
139287
December 1941
12
195
139303
January 1942
195
139392
February 1942
13
195
139325
January 1942
195
139461,
139463
March 1942.
195
139839
August 1942
195
139463,
139477,
139485
March 1942
195
139629,
139635,
139638
May 1942
60
39743
March 1942
14
195
139640
May 1942
15
195
139564
May 1942
21
13602
August 1942
195
139679,
139689,
139694,
139699,
139704,
139706,
139719
June 1942
4930
262127
August 1942
SEC RET
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a
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Date
195
139730,
139733
July 1942
16
195
139745
July 1942
195
140032
November 1942
195
139316
January 1942
195
139850
August 1942
21
13602
August 1942
195
140069,
140072
January 1943
195
139923
September 1942
195
139871
August 1942
195
139923
September 1942
195
140080
January 1943
195
140261
June 1943
195
140069
January 1943
1081
316495
September 1943
17
195
140296
April 1943
195
140309,
140312,
140323,
140328
May 1943
195
140361
May 1943
138
77209
June 1943
195
140354,
140361
June 1943
195
140372
July 1943
27
17420
October 1943
27
17445
November 1943
18
191
138725,
138726
May 1941
191
138732
May 1941
19
195
140048
December 1942
195
140052,
140056
November 1942
195
140270
April 1943
195
139215
September 1941
1065
312758
May 1942
195
139145,
139146
April 1941
195
139132
April 1941
195
139191
May 1941
195
0
13921?6
September 194,1
1,9,5
139213
September 1941
195
139239
October 1941
1.081
o
31.6423
September 1943
C
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Date
195
195
195
195
195
195
139340
139904
139848
140129
140063
139899
January 1942
September 1.942
August 1942
January 1943
December 1942
September 1942
20
195
139159
May 1941
195
139216
September 1941
195
139307
January 1942
4930
262300,
262302,
262306,
262307
December 1942
4930
261800,
261805
January 1942
195
139669,
139671
May 1942
195
139576
April 1942
195
139919,
139930
September. 1942
195
139920
September 1941
21
195
140045
November 1942
195
140267
April 1943
22
195
140267,
140268
April 1943
1081
316444
September 1943
23
195
139381
February 1942
195
139830
August 1942
195
140264
March 1942
24
1065
312758,
312773
May 1942
1081
316444
September 1943
a
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INDIANS WHO WERE AGENTS OF, IN CONTACT WITH, OR
OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST TOs THE
GIS
?
SECRET
63
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?
?
?
?
?
?
?
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"AB BAS"
O 0
?
?
A Vice-President of the "Indian National Committee" in
Bangkok in 19411.
"ABDURRAMON"
A secretary of the provisional "Central Committee",
possibly identical with Haidar Yacub Behari Abdul RAHMEN
(July 1941)2.
?
"ABU-IBRAIIIM"
0
O 0
0 ?
?
3
An Indian living in Berlin in November 1942 .
?
0
?
?
? Dr. Z. A. AHMAD ?
?
?
A M.oslem member of the "M-Organization" at Lucknow
in 1943.4
?
"AHARAR
0 0
? ?
?
? 0
?
?
?
The GIS in?KabUl tr1ed to recruit AHARAR while he was
?
temporarily in Kabul in July 19415. ?
?
?
?
?
? ? ^ Dr. fnu AHUJA (Med)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
fnu
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
An Indian student at the University of Vienna in May 19406.
?
?
?
? ?
?
?
? An Indian in Kabul in J-ly 1941 whom the GI^ S in Kabul
?
?
?
tried,to recruit7.
?
?
? 00
?
?
trAMIU"
?
?
?
0 ?
0
?
?
?
An unidentified GIS agent presumably in the North? West
Frontier Province in 1942.L8 0
?
"ANSAR"
0
?
?
?
?
?
A supporter of the "Is4 Organization" and a radical leader
of Moslem students in Delhi. in 19439. ?
fnu ARBINDEU
0
0
?
?
Presumably0 a0 member of the ".M-Organization". It was
.reported that he N.v a s ? rrested and jailed in 1941-194310. ?
?
SECRET?
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?
?
?
?
?
0
?
?
?
?
?
?
0
?
0
?
?
0
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
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SECRET
0
(Mrs.) Alpna AS-At-7- ALI, aka Aruna AZ_A.F, aka Aruna ASAF ALI
A Moslem, Chairman of the "Congress Committee", which led
the activities of the Indian Congress Party after its leaders were
171 LI 11 r-r11 Ct 1 A
A. 1 4 J. %A. Z L?? ?
fnu BABER
An unidentified member of the "M. Organization" in 194112.
?
Shankar Kyp BABU
?
Presumably a son ef Satish BABU and a member of the
"M--?Organization" He was reportedly arrested in 1943, and
jailed together with Sarat BOSE13
Shanke.r Lal BABU
Presumablyea? son of Satish BABU and a member of the
"M-Orgarliszation". He was arrested in 194314
?
"B?4DA?R"
An umdentifie.d GIS a ent, pifesumably in the North Western
.Frontier Province in l942'.
?
? 0 ?
0
mni BANNERJEE, Dr. phil., aka BENNERJEA ?
?
?
?
An Indian stuent at the University of Berlin in 1940, who
? became a close collaborator of Subhas Chandra BOSE in 1942
and was active in propaganda matters. In 1943, he was
? .
scheduled to.,go to?Rome as a representative of the "Free
India Central Office"16.
?
t n 1 1 PI \ aka BABAT
?
?
prominent member *of the "M-Organization" and.of the
"Central Committee! in 1942. In 1943 he? was also 'a. Bombay
? ? ?
memher of tile "Indian National Revolutionary Committee M17
Amar BO:L7iE
?
?
? 0
0
?
A member of the "Forward Bloc" wh9 was arrested in
194218. ?
0
Rash Beha?ri BOSE
?
A brother of Subhas Chandra BOSE a prominent
? ? 0
Indian nationalist leader, who reosi?ded in Japan ? since about
0
? 0 ?SECRET
0
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1915. He headed Japanese, sponsored Indian organizations such
as the'Indian Independence League" in 1941, the "Indian National
Council and League" in 1942, and the unified "Independence
League" in 1942-1943 In the spring of 1943, he was replaced
in his leading role in Far East Indian affairs by his brother
Subhas BOSE who went to Japan from Germany19.
Sarat Chandra BOSE
Brother of Subhas Chandra BOSE who assumed the leadership
of the "Forward Bloc" after the escape of Subhas BOSE from
India. He was arrested on 11 December 1941 and held in Conoor
prison on the grounds of an alleged contact with the Japanese".
Si shir BOSE
A son of Sarat BOSE who was a student at the University of
Calcutta in 194321.
Subhas Chandra BOSE, @ Orlando MAZZOTA
BOSE was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, India. One
of the leaders of the Indian nationalist movement, he was the chief
of the "M-Organization's" intelligence network in India. He had
studied at Cambridge and had passed the examination for the Indian
Civil Service but did not join it. Instead he entered politics and
became a close assistant of C. R. DAS, chief of the Indian SWARAT
political party.
Subsequently, BOSE became Mayor of Calcutta. Because of
his strong anti-British stand, he was jailed for several years and
lost his health. After his release from prison he was allowed to
go to Europe to convalesce. Prior to World War II he lived for
several years in Vienna,. where he founded the 'Central European
Indian Society". During that period he also established the "Indian
Students Association" in Berlin and became the recognized leader
of Indian students in Europe. He had close contacts with De VALERA
and his Irish Republician Movement. Twice elected President of the
Indian Congress, he broke with GHANDI in 1939 because he disagreed
with his passive resistance methods. Instead he preached active
resistance by use of force. Politically, he was an extreme leftist.
After his break with GHANDI, he founded the "Forward Bloc",
a political party which advocated the use of force in the fight against
Britain. He was strongly opposed by Jawarhalal NEHRU.?
11111 He was vain, always soughet the spotlight on the political scene,
and was characterized as an opportunist and oppositionist. Through
his contacts in Japan, he approached Soviet and German circles
seeking assistance for his political aims. In November 1940 he was
arrested by the British, but wa?s soon released because he went on
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a hunger strike. He then fled. to? Kabul where he contacted German
Envoy, Hans PILGER. The latter was instructed by the GFM to
arrange with the Soviet Legation in Kabul for BOSE's travel to
Germany via the USSR. Despite his alleged past anti-Communist
attitude, he was granted a transit visa by Moscow in March 1941
and left Kabul on 31 March 1941, traveling under the name of
Orlando MAZOTTA on an Italian passport. His traveling companions
were Engineer WENGER of the TODT Organization in Kabul and two
other German officials, (fnu) SCHWARTZ and (fnu) HILPERT, both
LUFTHAN&A. employees in Kabul. He reached Berlin on 2 April 1941.
I 1
1 1. 1 1 1 1 .?
17)
stay in Germany he was active in Berlin and Rome
and had met MUSSOLINI and HITLER. While in Berlin, he was
head of the "Free Indian Central Office" ("ZENTRALSTELLE
FREIES INDIEN"), which was staffed by Indian refugee politicians
and which carried out activities in political, intelligence, and
propaganda fields. After BOSE' s departure, this office was headed
by A.C.I\L NAMBIAR, w-ith whom BOSE remained in contact
through German diplomatic channels in Bangkok and Japan.
Leaving on a German submarine in April 1943, he was trans-
ferred to a Japanese submarine off the coast of India, and reached
Rangoon on 8 May 1943. He arrived in Tokyo on 21 May 1943 and
founded a provisional "Free Indian Government" in October 1943.
He was a brother of Sarat Chandra BOSE, who remained in
India. after the outbreak of the war, he was also the brother of
Rash Beha.ri BOSE, who had lived in Japan for many years. The
three brothers ranked high among Indian nat,,
Dr. Sudhindra BOSE
onalist leaders 22
An Indian nationallst living in the USA, who assisted the
German Embassy in Washington in carrying out Indian pro a-
ganda in 1941. He was a student at the Univerlty of Iowa
"BUDHA" Arbab PARyTs
A GIS e nt who was scheduled to go on a mission to
India with the as of the GIS base in Kabul. The mis-
sion was, however, cancelled as the GT.3 had doubts about
"BUDHA's" hona f-des2:4
"CA.VEESH.A.R"
An Indian, presumably a member of the "Forward Bloc".
He was reportedly in jail in Lahore in 1942'125.
Narain CHAKRAVARTI,. aka. Narain CHAKRAVARTY
A member of the "Central Committee" from Calcutta. He
was arresred in January 194326..
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Dr. J. Das CHOUDHURI
An Italian medical student at the Umversity of Berlin in
194127.
Ashrafudin CHOUDURY, aka Ashraffu Din CHOUDH
A Moslem member of the "Forward Bloc" in Bengal, who
was reportedly arrested in 19422.8
"CINEMA-BROTHER"
The German cryptonym of an unidentified GIS agent in India
who was reportedly in contact with GIS agent Rahmat KHAN2. 9
Per shottam DASS, aka PURESHOTTAM, German Cryptonym. "ALFA"
A Hindu businessman from Peshawar, born about 1903. He
was of medium height, and of "strong build". DASS was the
owner of a wholesale business in Teheran and a relative of GIS
agent Rahmat KHAN. He was recruited by the GIS in 1943 and
was active as a courier between Teheran and India; he also
served the GIs as a cut-out between "UNION", the Turkestan
refugee organization and the GIS. In addition he also operated
the GIS wit sta.tion, "IBRAHTM" in Teheran.C
Debnath DAS, aka Deiriat DAS
A GIS agent and one of the Indian nationalist leaders in the
Far East during World War II. He was Secretary of the "Indian
National Committee" in Thailand in 1941, the leader of the
''Indian Nation:---11 Council and League" in the Far East, and a
member of the Executive Committee of the "Independence League"
in 1942.31
Mausamda r DAHA
In 1943 he was a member of the "Indian National Revolu-
tionary Committee" and the calcutta member on the subor
dina.te Province Committee.
'DHIJEN"
C
Presumably a member of the "M-Orgarnzation".
reportedly jai. ed in 19433.3
Ram Sing DUTT ?
A member of the "Centra cl Committee" in 1943.3'4
S C
tp8
He was
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Dr. (med) fnu FAROQHI
An Indian student at the University of Berlin in 1940-35 .
"FRAUEN VETERAN"
The German cryptonym for an unidentified GIS agent in
1943, presumably a tribal leader in the North Western Frontier
Province36.
Shanti GANGULY, aka Shanti GANGULI
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization"
reportedly arrested in January 19433.7
"GANPULEY"
He was
An assistant of Subhas Chandra BOSE in Germany in
1943. BOSE proposed that "GANPULEY" go to Rome as a
representative of the "Free India Central Office"38.
Colonel fnu GILL, aka Colonel GILANI
One of the commanding officers of the "Indian National
Army" in Malaya. He was a member of the Executive Council
of the "Independence League" in Bangkok, and the liaison
officer with the Japanese. He was also in contact with the
German Legation in Bangkok. In January 1943 he was
reportedly arrested by the Japanese for alleged cooperation
with the British Intelligence Service39.
"GOSWAMi"
A member of the Bengal Government in 1943. He was
accused by GIS agent Rahmat KHAN of being a traitor in
the "Forward B1oc"4b.
Sushanka Das GUPTA
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization". He
was met by GT agent Rahmat KHAN in Calcutta in 194241 .
Ghul HABIL, aka HABIB
A messenger of the FAKIR of IPI, he was dispatched to
contact the Afghan Government in 1942. At the same tme he
contacted the Italian intelligence Service base in Kabul42
SECRE?T
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PIR of HADDA
A Moslem leader in the North Western Frontier
Province, he was in contact with the GIS until August
1942, when he was dropped because of the interference
of the Afghan Government43.
Dr. Abdul HAFIS, aka HAFIZ,, aka HAFIDZ
He was BOSE's agent in Ankara and presumably in
contact with the Afghan Embassy in Turkey. In October
1942, he was recalled to Germany in order to take part
in the activities of the "Free India Central Office" in
Berlin4-
"HASSAN"
An assistant of Subhas Chandra BOSE in Germany.
He accompanied BOSE on his journey to the Far East
in the spring of 19434 5.
"HELFER"
The German cryptonym of a GIS agent in Kabul in
1943. He was a Moslem who traveled between Kabul
and India, presumably under commercial cover4`-
Mirza Mahbul HUSSAIN
He was an Indian and an officer of the "Indian. Legion"
in Germany. He engaged in propaganda activities for the
GIS and ln 1942 he was asked by Indian nationalist leader,
SHEDAI to transfer his activities to Italy. The GIS opposed
the transfer as there was no replacement for HUSSAIN47.
Zonober HUSSEIN
A GIS agent who kept a safe -house for the GIS at
Swalkala in the Bajaur district. He was the chief of
the "Forward Bloc" in the Mohmands region in 194248.
Mira JAN, aka Mira DSCHAN
An Indian nationalist leader who escaped from India
to the North West Frontier Province. He assisted the
GIS in the communication link between Kabul and India,
and kept a safe-house for the GIS at Koda Khel in the
Bajaur distorict in 1941-194249.
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Panvar Sher JANG, aka PANWAR, German Cryptonym. "BRUNI"
0
An Indian Army Lieutenant, he was a POW and assisted the
Indian nationalist leader, SHEDAI in pro? Axis activities in 1941.
In 1942 he was sent back to the POW camp because of his unrelia-
bility 56
"JEEWANLAL"
A GIS agent in Charikar near Kabul, who went on an
operational mission to India in 194251
"KEMATH", aka "KAMAT", aka "KAMT"
A member of the "Central Committee", he was first
arrested in September 1941, He was freed, but rearrested
in August 1942 2
Mohammed KASIM
A GIS courier in Kabul in 1943.53
KEE %YAT ULLA, aka KEFAY ULLAH
He was the Grand Mufti of India. A close acquaintance
the r"--rand Muft
of Jerusalem, and a member of the GIS
network in India during World War II He was President of
the "Jan-nat el ffiernatt
tuals")--
"KHALEK"
("Committee of Indian Moslem Intelec-
He was a GIS agent, pr_esurnably in the North Western
Frontier Province _n 194255.
Abbas KHAN
He was a member of the "M Organization" in whose
house Subhas Chandra BOSE was hidden during the latter's
stay in Peshawar in the spring of 19416- .
Abdul Samat KHAN
A leader of the "Red Shirts" political group in
Beleudchistan in 1943. He supported the "M-Organization"5 7.
a
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?
?
Afsal KHAN, aka "AFZAL"
An agent of the FAKIR of IPI in Kabul, he was arrested. by the Afghan
authorities in April 1942, and was under suspicion by the GIS
for undisclosed reasons58
Arab KHAN
A younger brother of Abbas KHAN and a supporter of
Subhas Chandra BOSE. He deserted from the Indian Army
(presumably in North Africa), joined the Germans, and was
scheduled to become BOSE's secretary in 19425 9.
?
Asman KHAN 0
A leader of the Indian nationaligt movement in Shanghai
in 1942.b0
D. M. KHAN
A
in 1942
eader of the Moslem freedom movement in Hong Kong
?
Hagi Mirza KHAN, aka FAKIR of IPI, Ger man Cryptonym
"FEUERFRESSER"
A tribal leader in Waziristan, he .wa. in close contact with
the GIS and received GIS support in?his fight against the British.
Aid was also provided 14 the Italian Government, as the Axis .
powers planned to stAge an upr.ising in the tribal territory at a
later date and use the. Fakir's forces in?the attack on India
(operational plan "FEUERFRESSER")62
Hassan KHAN?, aka Ajid SINGH
A Moslem?of advanced age, he was a leader of the Indian
nationalist movement. He was active in Rome during?World
War II as a speaker on the "Himalaya': clandestine L-adio
station and cooperated with Mohammed Iqbal SHEDAI6
?
Hassan KHAN
0
?
A Kakar tribal leader in Beluchistan, who was cooperating
with the FAKIR of IPI and the GIS. He believed to have been
identical with a GIS agent who worked for the GIS from 1941-1943
and whose cryptonym was "ARBEITER"64.
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T?...)ichAl KHAN, aka
SECRET
KliqrhA(.1 KHAN-A:PRiDT
An Afridi tribal leader in the North Western Frontier
Province (village Chamarkand), he was a prominent member
of the "M Organization" and of the "Central Committee" in
1942-19436 5.
Malik Mohammed Oma?r? KHAN, aka Malek Mohammed Umar KHAN
A GIS agent who kept a safes house for the GIS in Swalkala
in the Bajaur district in 194266.
Mohammed Azim KHAN.
An Indian officer who assisted the GIS in psychological
warfare activities. His transfer to Italy was -requested by
Indian nationalist leader SHEDAI in 1942, but was refused
by the GIS61.
co
Mohammed Jamil KHAN
A seoretary of the Indian "Prisoners of War Committee"
in Berlin in 194168
Dr. Sahib.KHAN
?
?
An Indian in Peshawar, he was reportedly pro-German
and pososibly a GIS contact in 194369.
S?IC., Ian KHAN
?
e
A GIS'avent in Kabill and a cut, but between the GIS base
in Kabul and Hassan KHAN, tribal leader in .13eluchistan. He
also kept a safe-house for use of the GIS agent Rahmat KHAN
during the latter's stay in Kabul. He was arrested by the
Afghan authorities in August 1942.? He is possibly identical
with GIS agent, Ali SUBANA (see chapter on Afghanistan)70
. ?
Ramkishen KHATRI
Presumably a member of the "M Organization", he
71
reportedly was arrested in August 19421- .
co
"KIAHNI"
0
A commanding offrr_er the "Indian National Army" in
the Far Ea0st in 1943-C2.
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0
?
?
0
1
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Dr. (med) fnu KRISHNIA
An Indian student at the University of Vienna in 194073.
Dr. (med) fnu KRISNIAH
An Indian student at the University of Berlin in 194074,
Atul Chandra KUMAR
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization in 1943.75
Sushar iuMAR
and worked for the Indian press, presumably prior to World
War II. During the war he was employed by "La Presse Hindou"
and was active for radio Paris. He was in contact with H. J. von
An Indian correspondent from Sylhet, who lived in Paris
KUSUM, RANJTAN-PAL
BASSEWITZ and Habibur RAHMAN-BHAJ in Berlin in July 1941
when he offered his services to the GIS71
Jagait Naran LAL
i
An Indian revolutiona6y leader during the demonstrations in
Bhar and Orissa in 1942
Ram
Mukand LAL, German Cryptonym. "ROMEO" m
A Hindu businessman in Peshawar and brother of Pershotta
0 DASS. He was a relative of Rahmat KHAN who recruited hirn for
the GIS. In 1943 LAL was a courier between India and Teheran in
the GIS communications link, "ALFA" "Central Committee". He
is possibly identical with Mukundlal SARKAR79.
Mahonar LOYA, aka LOTHIA, aka LOHIA
A prominent leader of the "M-Organization", a member of
the "Central Committee", and Secretary General of the "Indian
SECRET
74
e
National Revolutionar Committee" in 1943. He was reportedly
arrested in June 1943 0
____1111111111111.1.1.11111.11111
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An Indian, presumably a member of the "M-Organization
in 194276.
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Dr. (rned) fnu MADAN
An Indian student at the University of Vienna in 194081.
Hussein Ahmed MAG_AL
A member of the Moslem intellectual organization,
"Jamiat el-Ulema" in India It was presumed that he was
in contact with the "M-Organization" in 194382.
"MARINJAN"
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization", he was
reportedly arrested in August 194283_
"MENADO"
An Indian nationalist leader in Thailand, he was the
chief of the "Indian Independence .League" in 194284.
"MEYER"
Presumably a GIS cryptonym for an Indian who was the
GIS' principal agent in the Far East. He was an accredited
DNB (German News Agency) correspondent in Bangkok in
1941-194285.
Pabbitra MOHAN
A leader during the unrests in Bihar and Orissa in the
summer of 19428'
Ali MULLAH
President of the "Prisoner of War Committee" (India)
in Berlin in 194187.
"MUZUMDARH
A Ghandi follower in New York. In 1941 he assisted the
German Embassy 2.n the USA :n carrying out Indian propa-
ganda88.
A. C. N. NAMBIAR
0
An Indian refugee politiciaeri in Germany during World
War LI. He .was Subhas Chandra BOSE's deputy and became
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chief of the "Free India Central Office" in Berlin after
BOSE left for Japan in the spring of 194389?
U. N. NANDY
A Bengalese Indian of Thai citizenship in Bangkok. He
was an unwitting cut-out between the Indian nationalist
movement in Bangkok and "M-Organization" couriers
arriving from India. In 1941 he resided at 4041, Wat Suddhi,
Ban Tawei, Bangkok90.
Mohammed NAWAZ
A member of the "Indian Legion" in Germany, he was
active in the GIS' psychological warfare effort. Indian
nationalist leader SHEDAI requested his transfer to Italy
in 1942 However, the GIS refused91.
Brihal NEHRU
A brother of Indian leaderPandit NEHRU. He was a
former Postmaster in Lahore and reportedly showed
interest in Nazi idealogy during his travels in Europe in
193892
Muslim Maulvi NOWSHEER? ALI
A prominent Moslem in Bcngal, he was a member of
the "M-Organization" in 19439 3.
"OTTO"
The German cryptonym for a Moslem clerk at the
British Embassy in Kabul; he was also referred to as
"New Otto", and was contacted by GIS agent, Uttam CHAND.
"OTTO" was previously an employee of the British diplo-
matic nlissions in Malta and Teheran94
B. P. PAIN
A member of the Bengal Government in 1943. He was
accused by GIS agent, Rahmat KHAN of being a traitor in
the "Forward Bloc"95.
"PARANJPE"
An Indian student at the University of Munich in 194096.
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Vaishanava PATNAIK
A leader and organizer of the unrests in Bihar and
Orissa in the summer of 194297.
"PENANG"
A member of the Executive Committee of the "Inde-
pendence League" in Bangkok in 194298.
Maulana Abdul Rahim POPALZAIA
A Moslem supporter of the "M-Organization" in the
North West Frontier Province in 1943".
Ghulam-U1 RACHMAN, aka SAHEB-HAK, aka Gholam RAHMAN
A tribal leader in the Bajaur district, He was a GIS agent
and a safe house keeper at Alingar in 19421 .
00
"RAGHVAN", aka 'kAGHAVAN"
An Indian nationalist leader in Malaya, he was a member
of the Executive Committee of the "Independence League" in
Bangkok in 19421?1
Habibur RAHMAN-BHAI, aka Habib el RAHMAN
He was a member of the "Council of Elders" of the "Central
Islamic Institute" and the head of the Islam community in Berlin
in 1941. He was in. contact with the GFM and worked as a trans-
lator for the German pressl02.
Haidar Yacub Behar i Abdul RAHMEN
He was presumably a member of the "M-Organization; he was
arrested in 1942. He is possibly identical with "ABDURRAMON"l03
Parshad RAM
He was a GIS agent in Lahore and acted as a cut-out between
GIS couriers and the "Central Committee". He was an owner of
a book shop at Lahore Gate, Lahore, in 1943104
SECRET
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ofnu RANGA
In 1943, he was the Madras member of the province
committee of the "Indian National Revolutionary Committee10 ?.
Abdul RANI
He was an agent of the FAKIR of IPI in Kabul and
acted as liaison between the Fakir and the GIS base in
Kabul in 1942in 6? .
Professor Dr. fnu ROY
Anil ROY
An Indian student at the University of Berlin in 1940107.
Presumably a member -f nrgni7Atinn" in 1943108
Leela ROY
A member of the "Central Committee" in 1942, he was
arrested in January 1943109
(Mrs. ) Lila ROY
An acquaintance of Subhas Chandra T-InSE. She was
presumably a member of the "M. Organization in 1943110.
Tarachand ROY
An Indian who lived in Hamburg and was in contact
with German Envoy von HENTIG in 1939111
"RUIKAR"
A member 7 he "M-Organization", he was reportedly
arrested in 1942 .
Swami SAHAJANAND, aka SAHAJANSAND, aka SAHAJANA AND
A prominent leader in the "M-Organization", head of the
"Indian National Revolutionary Committee" in the Sind and
Beluchistan provinces, and also a prominet member of the
"KIRTI KISAN" movement in 1943113.
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A. M. S..kHAY
An Indian nationalist leader in the Far East during
World War II. He was a GIS agent and the head of the
"Indian National Association" in China Subsequently he
took part in Indian nationalist activities in Japan and
Thailand. He was a follower of Subhas Chandra BOSE114.
Mir SAHIB
An agent of the FAKIRof I:PI. in Kab--1 he was jailed
115'1
by the Afghan authorities in April l942-
Mavlana Ahmed SAID, aka Mariana Achrned SAID
He was an assstant to the Mufti of India and a Vice-
President of the "Jan-nat el Ulema" (Committee of Moslem
Intelectuals). He was in contact with the GIS during World
War Li11P.
Sachunder SANYAL
A chief instructor for the "M Organization's" central
sabotage school at Delhi in 1943117.
SARNI' BAKSHI, aka BAKSCHI
He was a member of the "Central Committee" and head
of the "M-Organization" in Bengal in 1941118.
Mukundlal SARKAR
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization" in 1943.
He is possibly identical with Mukhand LAL119.
Dr. (Phil.) I. SARRIS
An Indian lecturer at the University of Hamburg in 1940120
SATISH - BAC U SARAT -BABU
An Indian, presumably connected with the "M-Organization".
His two sons were reportedly arrested during the summer of
1942121.
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?
Swami SATYANDA-PURI, aka Swami SAT YANANDA
A prominent Indian nationalist leader in the Far East
during World War II. He was killed in an air accident while
visiting Japan in 1942122. ?
"SEKHAR"
An Indian nationalist student in the USA, who assisted
the German Embassy (presumably in Washington) in con-
dlicting Indian propaganda. As a result, his British
scholarship was withdrawn and he obtained a job as secretary
to an Indian businessman in New York-23.
Lala SHANKARLAL, aka SHANKER-LA
An Indian na_tionalist leader from Delhi, who was a
prominent member of the "M-Organization". He was
reportedly the leader of the yForward Bloc" after BOSE's
escape from India in the spring of 1941. He was arrested
in July 1942124.
USHER DIN"
The brother of the FAKIR of IP1125
Singh SHAN
. An Indian student at the University of Vienna in 19.4.0126
?
S.? Joseph SHUKLA
o
Chief sabotage instructor at the central sabotage school
of the "M Organization" in Delhi in 1943127.
"SIBGATULLAH SCHAH", aka PIR-PAGRIS"
He was born circa 1908. He was a leader of the Hur
tribe in the Slndh province and was executed by the British
for staging the uprisangs of 1942. He was in contact with the
GIS base in Kabul, through the "M-Organization" in India128.
Baba Arnar SINGH
Deupty leader oof the "Indian National Council and League"
in Bangkok in 1942129.
0
?
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?
?
o
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?
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?
SECRET
?
?
?
Ganja Man SINGH
A contact 04 the GIS base in Kabul in 1941130.
Gujaram SINGH, aka Gurcharaen SINDH, aka Gujran SINGH,
aka Ram SINGH
S
A prominent member of the "M. Organization", he was
the secretary of the "Central Committee" and the leader of
the "Indian National Revolutionary Committee" at Lahore for
Punjab and the North Western Province. He was reportedly
arrested in January 19431:31
Isher SINGH, @ Labh SINGH
A member of the Indian community in Rome in 1942.
Mohan SINGH
He was the commanding officer of the Japanese--sponsored
"Indian National Army" in Malaya in 1942,? and a member of the
Executive Committee of the "Independence' League" in Bangkok.
Ln January 1943 he was dismissed from his post and arrested by
the Japanese133
?
Santa SINGH
?
He was chief of the Sabotage and Guerilla Section and of the
"Army Department" of the "M-Organization" in 1943. At the
same time he was also an instructor of sabotage activities in
the "Specialervice Corps" school and the editor of sabotage
instructor pamphlets and circulars for para-m_litary units of the
4
"M-Organ.izat.on"i-3
Dr. Sant SINGH
S
?
Arr. officer of the "Indian Legion" in Germa7ny in 1943.1.35
?
SardaroAjih SINGH, aka Sarder Ajih SINGH
?
A speaker foi- radio Rome's Arab broadcasts and Vice-
President of the Indian-Italian Friendship Society in Rome in
1-th
1942
Sardat? Gurbaclaan SINGH
?
Secretary of the Indian "Prisoners of War Committee" in
Berlin 1941131. ?
?
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Sardr Sant SINGH
? President of the Indian "Prisoners of War Committee in
Berlin in 1941138.
Sardul SINGH
President of the "Forward Bloc" in the beginning of 1942.
He was reportedly arrested in March 1942139.
Tava SINGH
An Indian and Japanese agent who posed as a representative
of Subhas BOSE on the "Central Committee" in December 1943.
GIS headquarters in Berlin advised the GIS base in Kabul and
the "Central Committee" was to exercise caution in dealing with
SINGH14?.
M. A. SODHI
An Indian student at the University of Berlin in 1940141.
"SULTAN"
An Indian student of Botany at the University of Berlin in
194014 2.
"SW A.LLEAY"
An Indian student of agriculture at the University of Berlin
in 194014-).
"SWAMI"
An unidentified assistant of Subhas Chandra BOSE, who
accompamed BOSE on his trip to the Far East in the spring of
1,4314 4.
" SW AMIJI"
A member of the "Forward Bloc" in 1942145.
?Niranja Singh TALIB
Presumably a member iof the "M-Organization", reportedly
under arrest in Jj.ine 194314?.
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Dr. (Phil.) J. C. TAVADIA
An Indian lecturer at the University of Hamburg in 1940147.
Sardarji TRIPTIA
Presumably a member of the "M-Organization", reportedly
arrested in August 1942148.
Eyl WAZIRI
A communications assistant for the GIS base in Kabul in
194214 9.
"YACUB"
A GIS agent in Bankipore in 1942150.
Sheelabhadra YAJEE
A member of the "Forward Bloc" from Bihas. He was
reportedly in prison in 1943151
Indulal YAJNIK, aka JAJNIC
A prominent member of the "M-Organization", of the
"Forward Bloc" and of the "KIRTI KISAN" movement. He
became chief of the Administrative Department of the "M-
Organiza.tion" in September 1943152:
"YANIN"
An unidentified GIS contact presrably in the North
Western Frontier Province in 194215
"YU-SUF"
An unidentified GIS agent, presurriably in the North
Wcstern Frontier Province in 1942154.
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?REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
1 195 139287 December 1941
2 195 139195 July 1941
3 930 297991 November 1942
4 195 140189 February 1943
5 195 139196 July 1941
6 1037 311027 May 1940
7 195 139196 July 1941
8 195 139930 September 1942
9 195 140189 February 1943
10 195 139213 September 1941
195 140349 June 1943
11 195 140094,
140147 January 1943
195 140354,
140367
195 140085
12 195 139195
13
14
15
16 1037 311022
195
19'."1"
195
140349
140394
139930
17
18
4930 262035
195 139798
195 140361
195
139864
June 1943
January 1943
July 1941
June 1943
July 1943
September 1942
May 1940
June 1942
August 1942
jiin?- 1943
August 1942
1.95 139899,
139933 September 1942
195 140119 January 1943
195 139487
SECRET
84
March 1942
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0
REFERENCES
(for names)
0
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Date
19
195
139287
December 1941
60
39885
March 1942
195
139466,
139485
March 1942
195
139603
April 1942
195
139629,
139638,
139654
May 1942
195
139699,
P9704,
139706,
13 9712
June 1942
195
139736
July 1942
195
140323
May 1943
195
139735
July 1942
20
195
139212,
139213,
139209
September 1941
195
139285,
139279
December 1941
41
28636
December 1941
1081
316487
September 1942
21
195
140354
June 1943
22
195
139130,
139159,
139117
February 1941
195
139126,
139121,
139123
March 1941
1155
326038
March 1941
41
28471,
28467,
28469
March 1941
195
139127
April 1941
41
28476,
28477
May 1941
195
139122,
139127,
139131,
139133,
o
139135,
139146,
139150
May 1941
0
SECRET
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0
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Reference No. Serial
23
24
195
41
195
195
195
41
41
41
4930
4930
60
195
195
4930
451
195
195
970
195
195
27
195
195
27
27
195
1081
1081
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
28478,
2847(?,
28481,
28484,
28487,
28489,
28494,
28497 June 1941
139179 July 1941
28512,
28513 July 1941
139184 July 1941
139199 August 1941
139208 September 1941
28519,
28520 September 1941
26202 November 1941
28636 December 1941
261874 February 1942
261892 March 1942
39848,
19885 March 1942
139325 January 1942
139485,
139487 March 1942
261986 May 1942
223355,
223364,
223344 May 1942
139652 May 1942
139839 August 1942
297898 January 1943
140296 April 1943
140323,
140312 May 1943
17229 May 1943
140328 June 1943
140410 July 1943
17420,
17421 October 1943
17433,
17445 November 1943
e 139237 October 1941
316497,
316499
316506
SECRET
86
September 1943
October 1943
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?
Reference No.
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Serial
1065
195
195
195
195
195
1155
195
195
195
195
195
1081
195
195
195
1081
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
312925
139864
139899
140080
140347
140372
326028
139866
140189
139281
140221,
140224,
140226
140339
316418,
316421
139461
,139628
140119,
140123,
140127
316439,
319435,
319456
33
195
140349
34
195
140085
35
1037
311022
36
1081
316491
195
140?79
37
195
139216
195
140080
38
195
140361
39
195
1?9461
195
139635
0
195
140072
co
a
SECRET
87
Date
October 1942
August 1942
September 1947
January 1943
June 1943
July 1943
July 1941
August 1942
February 1943
December 1941
February 1943
June 1943
September 1943
March 1942
May 1942
January 1943
September 1943
June 1943
January 1943
May 1940
September 1943
April 1943
September 1941
January 1943
June 1943
March 1942
May 1942
January 1943
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REFERENCES
(ftar names)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Date
40
1081
316487
September 1943
195
140394
July 1943
41
195
139866
August 1942
?
195
139899
September 1942
?
42
195
140045
November 1942
195
140267 ?
April 1943
43
195,
139864
August 1942
44
195
139980
October 1942
.
86
62915
May 1942
195
. 140145
January 1943
98
108693
1941
45
195
140358
June 1943
46
?
195
140279,
140286
April 1943
47
86
62807
March 1942
86
62623
April 1942
48
195
139312
January 1942
195
139904,
139930,
139899
September 1942
49
195
139212
September 1941
195
139904
January 1942
195
139899
September 1942
50
41
28631,
28654
DeceiTaber 1941
86
62807
March 1942
51
195
139641,
139658
May 1942
C
".."
195
139213;
13 9216
September 1941
1950
139864
August 1942
?
195
139899,
139933
September 1942
SECRET
0
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Reference No.
53
54
55
56
57.
58
59
60
61
62
?
?
Serial
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
?
195
195
140339
140372,
140394
4.930
262163,
262164,
262165
195
139893
?
139903
195
140030
195
140303
195
139c30
195
139342
195
140354
195
140189,
140191
195
139576
195
139919,
?
139930,
?
139933,
139399
?
4 .
195
139342
195
140354
?
? 195
139654
195
?
139477
o
195
139145,
139146
?
?
195
139159
1110
319910
?
195
139216
195
139307
195
139381
195
139585
195
?
139669,
?
139671
?
195
140339
195
?
139920
4930
262176
1110
319919
?
1065
312905
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
SECRET
89
?
Date
May 1943
July 1943
August 1942
September 1942
November 1942
May 1943
September 1942
January 1942
June .1943
February 1943
April 1942
September 1942
January 1942
June 1943
May 1942
March 1942
April 1941
May 1941
June 1941
September 1941
January 1942
February 1942
April 1942
May 1942
June 1942
September 1942
September 1942
September 1942
September 1942
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1
?
0
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Reference No. Serial
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
0
SECRET
? REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
28
10796
195
140045
195
140052,
140048
1081
316445
41
86
4930
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
86
86
41
195
195
195
195
195
1037
1037
195
195
1155
28543
62877
262316
140161
140045
139214
139381
140056
140270
139899,
139933
139864
140129
139904,
139899
62807
62623
28524
140286
139381
139830
139866
140261
311027
311022
140347
139899
326028
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0
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Date
October 1942
November 1942
December 1942
September 1943
October 1941
July 1942
January 1943
June 1943
November 1942
September 1941
February 1942
December 1942
April 1943
September 1942
August 1942
January 1943
September 1942
March 1942
April 1942
S pternber 1941
April 1943
February 1942
August 1942
August 1942
March 1943
May 1940
May 1940
June 1943
September 1942
July 1941
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REFBRENCES
(for names)
0
0
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
78
1065
312925
79
195
140221
195
140339
1081
316418,
316421
80
195
140085
195
140367,
140354
1081
316456
81
1037
311027
82
195
140085
83
195
139848
84
195
139745
85
195
139220,
139240,
139218
195
139287
195
139232,
139242
195
139377,
139477
195
139730,
139745
86
1065
312925
87
41
7.8574_+
0
88
195
139237
89
4930
261926,
261927
195
(In(
771._)_)
4930
195
1081
90 195
.91
2 6218 3
140351,
140361
316558
Date
October 1942
February 1943
June 1943
September 1943
January 1943
June 1943
September 1943
May 1940
January 1943
August 1942
July 1942
September 1941
December 1941
October 1941
March 1.942
July 1942
October 1942
41
.111Ut 1'1
October 1941
April 1942
October 1942
October 1942
June 1943
November 1943
139218 September 1941
86 62807
0 86 62623
SECRET
91
0
0
Mearch 1942
April 1942
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Reference No.
92
93
Serial
195
195
94 195
95 1081
195
96 1037
97 1065
98 195
99 195
100 195
101 195
195
102 1155
1155
25
930
103 195
104 1081
105
195
1081
106
195
107
1037
108
195
S E CR E T
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
139788
140189
139459
316488
140394
311031
312925
139712
140189
139904,
139899
1396992
139712
140072
326037
326034,
326029
15453
297975,
297917,
297948
139866
316422
14019,
140123,
lAn1--)7
316439,
319435,
319456
139576
311022
140354
SECRET
92
Date
August 1942
March 1942
February 1943 I
February 1943
September 1942
September 1943
July 1943
May 1940
October 1942
June 1942
March 1941
1
June 194Z
January 1943
July 1941
I
September 1942
December 1942
August 1942
September 1943 il
January 1943
111
September 1943
April 1942
May 1940
June 1943
C.
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REFERENCES
Reference No.
Serial
(for names)
Frame(s)
Date
121
195
139899
September 1942
195
140162
February 1943
122
195
1392.18
September 1941
195
139287
December 1941
195
139477,
139485
March 1942
60
39743
March 1942
123
195
139238
October 1941
124
4930
262075,
262059
July 1942
195
139866
August 1942
195
140372
July 1943
195
140394
July 1943
1081
316487
September 1943
125
1155
32602.8
July 1941
126
1037
311031
May 1940
127
195
140119
January 1943
128
1065
312758,
312773
May 1942
1081
316445
September 1943
12.9
195
139640
May 1942
130
195
140367
June 1943
131
195
139864
August 1942
195
139899
September 1942
log
1.
14-0119,
140080t
January 1943
132
4930
261888
March 1942
133
60
39743
March 1942
195
139'439,
139477
March 1942
195
139712 ?
June 1942.
195
140069,
140072
January 1943
1081
316495
September 1943
134
195
140119,
140127
January 1943
1081
3164360,
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REFERENCES ?
(for names)
Refdrence No.
Serial
?
Frame(s)
Date
316439,
316440,
316456
September 1943
135
195
140361
June 1943
136
4910
261839
January 1942
4930
261979,
261981
May 1942
137
41
28524
September 1941
138
41
28524
September 1941
139
4930
261904,
261950
March 1942
140
1081
316580,
316581
December 1943
141
1037
311022
May 1940
142
1037
311022
May 1940
143
1037
311022
May 1940
144
145
195
139864
August 1942
146
195
140354,
140367
June 1943
147
1037
311034
May 1940
148
195
?
139866
August 1942
149
195
139382
February 1942
150
195
139930
September 1942
151
195
140373
0
July 1943
152
195
139866
August 1942
195
140347,
140367
June 1943
195
140354
June 1943
195
140373
July 1943
.
1081
316421
September 1943
0
1081
316456
0
September 1943
?
?
?
e
0
SECRET
095
?
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No.
Serial
Fran-ie(s)
Dat.e
?????????????????????????
153
195
139381
February 1942
154
195
139930
September 1942
0
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Iran
?
?
1. Before the German invasion of Russia in June 1941 and the
Allied occupation of Iran in August 1941, Germany not only maintained
active commercial exchanges with Iran, but was also engaged in industrial
construction work, some of which involvedthe transit of goods through
Soviet Russia and brought German technicians close to the Soviet-Iranian
border, The Soviets tried to hinder German-Iranian trade and to slow
down the shipment of Iranian exports to Germany, presumably
1.-?:?"cp,
they suspected that thce activities prrwirig.r1 e-rwpr for the Mc.*
During this pre-occupation period the following German intelligence
operatives were using commercial cover in Iran:
frill ALLARDT
Dr, fnu TISMER
fnu WOEHPL
fnu KTTNDERT
Dr.
P-aul
LEvERKuEHN, 1
2.. There were two German intelligence bases in Iran, in November
1940 Lt, Erwin Otto FINK under covert as German Commercial Attache,
became chief of the base in Teheran, and in April 1941 R. KULLENKAMPF
and Lt. (fnu) KORRER joined him as assistants. Captain Bruno SCHULZE-
HOLTHLTS (post-war author of Daybreak in Iran) was chief of the base i.n
The t..arget!.6 of the bases were Iran Iraq Noy.;.hern India, and
;
(-1- LI I i,
the Caucasus Priority was given to operations to obtain target and OB
data on the Soviet Blir-1.7k and Caspian Seas areas, t,o establish contact with
the border tribe in northc.rn India; and to prepare for sabotage of the
oil installations in southern Iran
In Julyy 19LL,
in Turkey (prnsumably the base in Ankara)
sent one of its Arab _tc,t,ritf; Ras hid _BART3IP into Iran using the cover
Of ''Deuts(..- the 'Nue hric latc Bee re"
.DNB) (German T\II_ws Agency) eorrespon-
dent, which he had pruviously- used in. Beirut BARI3IEl wa in contact
with the GIS base in Ankasa rat1-1,:r tllarrl with the bases in Iran After the
Al lie soccupie,:i I ran 11( wen... Tilrkicy but w;.?,s xpellcd by the Turki!,;h
authorities in Fcbrn.ary 1942.
4. The was d.iT..;zii.t-_,sfied witi, the lack of support provided by
the CiF n H Auut 1P40, Admiral CA TARl omplc11L dwhen,
without GIS coordindtion, the Cr.F.M appointed a new Consul to Tabriz, a
post:. to which C...A.N2-\.PIS tad ntended s,,2r.din Dr. Paul LEVEPKULIIN,
bccaose i)f th.e lattcrH previous experience and b* cause of the importance
of the arc-u to int t, 11ync- opt: rtOns
April 1941 abo-?it
n d 'r,i r y.uor1Lesce anci s0mrTI1ttC
Erwin E 1-TEL's
i \k' h r aiic c ompi iincd in
acts'' H;0 tliat
T
1_
, 7__._ c T ? 1 E..' ',_ _ 9 Vs.7 C 4 C, hnde
11,
Hc allegedly
,)the r rritating
3
- wc:r K
GermanWha rrn r- ;id(' d the (au ui t. 1
the German General Stiff made plans for occupying the countries (-_,out11
tht.:, C._ a-,ic According to the plan c_lev_sed by the General Staff the
?
?
LhLs pre.; mption.ma, by th: editors and analysts, and is not as
("It f:nitclv docirnents
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?
the GIS was to instigate a revolt in Iran immediately preceding the expected
entry of German forces into that country. For this project the GIS sought
the cooperation of a number of Iranian nationals living in Germany. One
of these, General (fnu) SCHEIBANI, was selected to lead the revolt. Other
Iranians who worked during the war for the GIS included (fnu) TABATABAIE
and MONCHI-ZADEH, both of whom resided in Germany. 4
6. Because of their suspected contact with Allied intelligence, two
members of the Iranian military mission in Switzerland, Major Mohamed
Ali KHANLARI and Captain Reza ABEDINI, were for a time (in 1940) under
the surveillance of a GIS team. 5
0
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2
3
4
5
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0
0
0
0
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REFERENCES
(for text)
a
Serial Frame(s) Date
276 178443 October 1938
8835 614724 May 1940
Otrinwr 614785 June 1950
8835 614787
891 291270
25 15751
15765
February 1942
April 1941
April 1941
54 36616 August 1940
25 15765 April 1941
1069 313510 September 1942
41 28403 May 1942
114 65952 February 1940
0
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99
0
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AMIMMMMMIIMIMIh
0
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0
IRANIANS WHO WERE IN CONTACT WITH, OR
OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST TO, THE GIS
0
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0
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1
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o
"ABDOH"
SECRET
A chemist and Iranian student at the University of Vienna in
May 19401.
Captain Reza ABEDINI
A member of the Iranian Military Mission in Switzerland in
19402.
AFSCHAR-TUS
A graduate engineer and Iranian student at the University of
Berlin in May 19403.
"ANSSARI"
A graduate en neer and Iranian student at the University of
Berlin in May 1940 .
(Miss) fnu BADEL
An Iranian national and student of natural sciences at the
University of Berlin in May 19405.
fnu CAMPBELL
He a_companied German Trade Representative fnu DITT-
MANN from Moscow to Batum in 1940 in connection with German
exports to Iran. His nationality cannot be determined on the
basis of :aptured German do:uments examined to date6.
"DEDASCHTI"
In 1940 he resided in Berlin at Neue Karitstrasse 7a and
shared his iesidene with GIS Iranian agent, fnu TABATAB.A.IE.
"DEDASCHTI" was an Iranian nationa17.
D. (med) fnu DJAVID
An Iranian student at the University of Berlin in May 19408.
"DJISR"
A GIS agent in Iran in 1944, he was operating from a GIS
base in Tui key9.
fnu EFFENDIJEW
Leader of the Azerbadjani Cultural Separatist Movement,
(location and date not indi.cated)10.
Lt. Colonel fnu FOROUD
An officer of the Iranian Army, he stIldied at the Ulliver sity
of Berlin in May 194011. e
?
SECR PT
101
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(Mrs.) Dr. (--ritA) f GAFFAR-ZADEK
An. I.7:
adent at the Univer sity of Vienna in May 194012.
Dr. (n-led) G7LANSCHAIT
An Iranian
at he University of Hamburg in May 194013.
Major Mohammed Ali KHANLAR:
Assistant 2....:c:.;?_2-Li.an Military Attache in Bern. In 1940 the
Germans suspe-..d him of being an agent of the Allies14.
A r" T C
.ca.
in 194315.
MALAYAN '
nidefied
G T Si
1 4. 41. 1'1
U. L. 11. Teheran
A graduate engineer and Iranian student at the University of
Berlin in. May 194016.
(Miss).E1,.:.1\CRHADY
Ar at t...e. University of Berlin in
May 19401. d ?
fnu MONCH:-ZADEH, a. MOUND:-ZADEH
A. 7s, U.:17er si7 of Mu. May 7940)
vocl. FENT G and with
."--? ?
g L M _ OPPENHETM i A. 19411
(M_r )
pr
was i:..
e? I 1
MONCHiZADEH
" ?,
"MOUSAVIAN"
.Lviu::tcfl,
W. C.7
MONG HT- ZAD with ..in the CT.7_S
At. ? r_
r,
r 194-0- .
the University of Berlin
NASSER -KHAN
.2 Cr r.. e -2 (7,1 G shhis in L r in 19-432-1.
Dr.",m) _ ?7. NOUR
AIL :rani a:: stadel-:,at the Unive sity of Berlin in May 194022.
Dr. (rned) fn.!. OHANIAN
An Ilania.n student at the University of Berlin in May 1940.62/
OD
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"PIRNIA"
An Iranian student of medicine at the *University of Berlin in
May 194024.
Dr. (med) fnu SARRAFIAN
An Iranian student at Lrie u bit,y Ma-y- 19402'5.
_ n ?
,
fnu "SCHEIBANI"
A General of the Iranian Army who was living in retirement
in Germany prior to and during World War II. He was selected
by the GIS to lead an uprising in Iran which was to coin:Ade with
the German military invasion of Iran
"SCHEYBANY"
A graduate engineer and Iranian student at the University of
Berlin in May 194047.
"SEPA_HI"
An architect and Iranian student at the University of Berlin
in May 194028.
fnu TABATABAIE
A brother of the former Iranian Grand Vezir Seyyd Siya
TABATABAIE who was in office in 1921. Fnu TABATABAIE
traveled, in the beginning of World War II to Germany via
Palestine, Italy and Switzerland. In Germany he contacted
thc A' ? III of the Abwehr. He was suspected of being
an agent of the British Intelligen:e Service29.
Dr. (rnk-: d ) fnu ZTAI
n
An Iranian student at the University of Vienna in May 1940.
SECRET
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0
Reference No.
Serial
1
1037
2
114
3
1037
4
1037
5
1037
S E C R?E T
REFERENCES
(for names)
. Frame(s) Date
311027 May 1940
65952 February 1940
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
6 8835 614787 June 1940
7 118 67684 September 1940
8 1037 311022 May 1940
9 1120 321244 Mar-.h 1944
891 291137 April 1944
10 1118 321015 November- 1941
11 1037 311022 May 1940
12 1037 311027 May 1940
13 1037 311034 May 1940
14 114 69552 February 1940
15 195 140221 February 1943
1E, 1037 311022 May 1940
17 1037 311022 May 1940
; _
18 1155 325961 August 1941
1037 311032 May 1940
19 1037 311032 May 1940
20 1037 311022 May 1940
. _ . _
327708 1943
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
21
1166
22
1037
23
1037
24
1037
25 .
1037
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26 41
27 1037
28 1037
29 118
30 1037
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(for names)
Frame(s) Date
28408 May 1942
311022 May 1940
311022 May 1940
67684 September 1940
311027 May 1940
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F. Iraq
?
?
S (.; R I
?
1. Iraq was the Arab nationoon which the GIS expended the most
effort and met with the most willing response. As a leading oil producer
Iraq was a natural primary target even before the Second World War and,
helped by ties which had been developed during the First World War, the
GIS began building up contac:s there in the early 1930's. Since 1939, Iraq
was the spiritual center of the Pan-Arab nationalist movement, not only
because Iraqis themselves were ardent supporters of the movement, but
also
because many radical Arab nationalists had fled there. This added
to the country's attractiveness as a GIS target.
2. A German archeological expedition began excavations at Warka
in 1931. In 1941, Professor Dr. Adam FALKENSTEIN, Helmut BOHTZ,
Dr. Ernst HEINRICH, and Dr. Heinz LENZEN, who had participated in
that expedition were suggested for intelligence work in the area. Docu-
ments show that some members of this team were recruited but fail to
indicate their spec*f=tc names and their mission. Other German nationals
active in Baghdad were teachers at local schools, including Dr. (fnu)
HUOBER, Professor Dr. (fnu) JORDAN, leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP)
group in Baghdad, and Dr. Gustav HAT SCHEK, an eye surgeon in Mosul.
3. Because of the potential:tties inthe Ira cil intern:al situation, the
Germans as signed sorrv of the:..r ablest Arab experts to Baghdad, such
as:
During .1is as signe
Dr. Fritz GROBBA
Dr. Ulrich. Hans on GRANOW
Dr. .:fnu) SEYDEL
Eric' l HORNBERER
W. G. STEFFEN.
s German. Envoy
In Rag (-1, 7.7 BBA
busied himself a. T.ti B r prop,...).L.-Ind.H. and there are ndir.iations
that he was n.di r e ctly t:Je aSsas Sfla OT of King GHAZT
on (3 Ap I" 11 i939. 'T e sr v rT ernent ol a s c r eft T. rag',
Nazi 0 rga :n L: 711 Ut: r
Director..Cic M
ASK ARI, r ecor (Tic r ts:r
In t1e 1a.i cf
Gran 3
_ pn ]uded Dr. San -t AWKAT ,
, d T h S in el
W rway
GS ha?d r e c (..)nt;-t t t t.hc
e rrn }:(!.
rand Muft,'s
se C r y , Osman .Kc -11 aI._ HADDAD, .1vIa.N. MUELLER, scrved as
the GIS' pri.nc.ipliacnt n Ighiad. }-1(-: was assisted by tlif? Chief of
Iraqi Army intelligrw,i? CHone. Hamid RAFAT. Pr_rson,A emissaries
of the Grand. iviufti also iLped mn (_iontac.,:t with the GIS. In 1940
1\41...ista el HUSSEINI v sIted Berlin. wbie en route to London from Baghdad,
and HADDAD traveled twice to Berli-n.. In October 1940 and February 1941.
In addition, or. two? ocT7s-j_ors In 1940 the T al-) a ell-1 ASHIM1 Cove r rime nt
sent Nadji SHAUKAT to Ankara tc von PAPEN2.
5. Although political issues were invo the main purpose of
these Arab approaches was to btan arms from Germany. The need for
arms to sustain 3. phii;ned liJrising became acute in 1940. By December
0
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of that year a. meti-.od for srnuggllng arms into Iraq was sought. At
GROBI3A's suggestion, the GIS approached Ahmet Veil Bey MENGER
(see Chapter on Turkey), who was then in Berlin, and requested his
assistance in shipping arms through Turkey with a Slovak firm as
intermediary. MENGER felt that the shipment could be accomplished
by using his contacts in Turkey and by drawing upon the experience
of Abdul Asis MUWAFFAQ, brother-in law of Iracli Minister of
Finance Nadi i MUWAFFAQ, who had been the Iraqi Charge
d'Affaires in Paris at the time of the Spanish Civil War, had smuggled
arms to Spain from France. At the time this plan was being worked
out GIS assets in Iraq (besides the above mentioned HADDAD) consisted
of a very small hase in Baghdad Leaded by (fnu) EBERT, assisted by
w/t operator (fnu) FRANK. Von HENTIG in Syria and the GIS bases in
Teheran and Tabriz were expected to provide support to the Baghdad
base3.
The unexpectedly early coup in the spring of 1941 - which
apparently was precipitated by the British to prevent a. build-up of
pro-German elements -?? precluded the accomplishment of the arms
LY111fl(Ti
E., ??-? ?
7.1-e estachshment of CJ-TATT.ANI's natIonalist
pro-German Government, and the subsequent Iraqi-British military
action (-::la.rIged the GIS :mission ir 1r Because of a pending attack
on Russia the German forces were not prepared to initiate major
op ra:on n 'he Near For this reason only token support
in the form of arms from FrenT:h supp..ies seized in Syria LA-ter the fall
of France was ivr,n by ce cre:Tnans to the Iraqi Army in May 1941. At
about
about the same crrie Maj?_): (f-, c'. -Iu) HANSEN of the GIS .was assigned a.s
hal sop. effcTe t "Jr imr, nd the GFM se -it vor HENT IG
?
and (fru,'; RAHN t3 12,ROB:LA who ill the meantime
ha.d (:!.
acc ed C
4
A . .
KOT-1 LT-1 S "-).'
(
------ !7: r
KOF-ILHAAS t- ?
ic}fir II
I ? ? -? - A 4. - 1
yy k.A. I LA./ - ' z 'a.-1
t'riji Frii s o -ipscd, GROI.313A and
-r, h. r d Mufti and G1-AILAN1
both a 'Ltri cyf sc.,: c e s sto .R_O'P-,. _1,7) A,' s1,- .'ffi:',0:-,(- c
._?,? . No
rn L14.- tut. r IL.h cc:1, S (.: , ;. .. (.'. i '- L:. S I'l r ? c . 2 1 pT.1-...). -Jr :if7. .1.- -,- :. q :1_'' t94!.. r c suited
in the Illy.; . c.:1 `..1,,e Ar
71 ?
-` :iLhborig Tt.irkey -.And
Soni' : who 4.. k.. re.'.1.12.7,(-? -1 Ir?iLi_:-1 apprehended when A11ed trops
occupied n Auut -Id S pern r -194 . TTev were turned
ov r to
iflVcc
8 The
leaders had been
p
r b T! 40 I.: S L7-; '.k1O S.1c11Taeri TI ChIflg Furkey
assembled 'L :amp. Thr , Cptan Paul
LEV.ERKUEHN c the GIS 1:-:,se Lin Istanbul., dist,-,-.1T-)-4cd rclief funds
and attempted ate the group.
n 1 0A. 1 -
j't
ference of Arab nationalist leaders was held n IStailbLil. A Ge r ma n
s wcl
-, - A ,1 , 1 A 14? ?tr
.7D riL i r. 1 LV 1 -La
Al!:-0:11/ tt
AL-SAFI, Emir AdO, ARSLAN, Adnar. A.TASSI, Ra.shid All GFIAILANI,
and his brother Ka.m.1_ GHAILANT participated in ti-ie conference6.
9. Later, both GHAILANIs, Err-nm AL-SAFI, Nadj`i SHAUKAT,
and Mohammed SELMAN contif!ued their exile in Berlin. A large
0
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group of Iraqi Arab nationalists remained in Turkey, kept in touch with
the Iraqi underground, and participated in GIS operations directed from
the Istanbul base. ?
10. Fieldmarshal Erwin ROMMEL's successes in Egypt inspired
a temporary renewal of Iraqi nationalist activities which were, however,
quelled in July 1942, when the British arrested the Governor of Baghdad,
Galal KHALED; Police Commander Abulla AUNI; lawer Rafael BATTI;
ex-commander of Kirkuk Kazem MAKSUD; and a number of other promi-
nent Iraqis. As in other Arab countries, ever-increasing German
military reversals resulted in a sharp decline in sympathizers and usable
contacts in Iraq, which in turn necessitated a drastic curtailment of
GIS activity. This state of affairs, conveniently played up by overt and
covert Allied propaganda encouraged Premier Nuri AL-SAID to declare
war on the Axis powers7.
11. In October 1943, most Arab GIS agent were expelled from
Turkey. Following this, there is no record in GFM files of further
GIS operations in iraq8.
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REFERENCES
c (-1 r.
Reference No.
Serial
.1 16.
Fram e ( s )
Date
b23
279b43
April 1939
59
39622
June 1939
2.
4929
2.60742,
C) 7 ._ 0
I uo,
2o07b9
March 1942
7Q>
7 n
3082,
-I 1 n
1 ) LL 1
April 1941
54
36675
October 1940
492,9
261164
March 1941
25
15757
March 1941
41
28170,
)8171
January 1941
41
28181
March 1941
1155
325913
Aui,ust 1941
1155
325947
September 1941
1155
325975
April 1941?
15765,
15776
April 1941
792,
273162
December 1940
25
1c)7H1,
13764,
5765
April 1941
4
I (2) h (7)
2730?i'),
n
2,73 I) 9,
2 7.3921_
7 a -)
7-)
313544
e..,I ouk..),
2.7 2.8,71
April I 41
Mv i941
MIME
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Reference No. Serial
7 4929
8 61
930
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REFERENCES
(for text)
0
Frame(s)
261173
41676
298087
1-01,
July 1942
October 1943
October 1943
1
Limml0 0 0
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?
IRAQIS WHO WERE AGENTS OF, IN CONTACT WITH, OR OF
OPERATIONAL INTEREST TO, THE
0
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a S E C*R E T
Arif ABDERRAZIK, aka Arif Abdul RASIK
One of GHAILANI s agents in Turkey who was in charge of the
distribution of German funds for the support of Iraqi refugees (in
the Siwas camp in Turkey) in 1941. In August 1942, he travelled with
his brother, to Germany via Sofia. GHAILANI asked the GFM (for
undisclosed reasons) not to allow ABDERRAZIK to go to Berlin.1
Nairn ABDULRAHMAN
A servant of GHAILANI, who was instructed by GHAILANI to
join the Arab Legion camp at Cap Sunion in Greece in March 19412.
Dr. Abdul ACHKAD
wh
ann-rnAcilpri ni-TATTANI for
Iraqi refugee 11 T. urkey
assistance in obtaining a German visa in September 1941.3
ALI-MAHMUD SHEIKH?ALl
Minister of Justice in GHAILANI's cabinet in the spring of
1941. He was reportedly in Teheran, sentenced to death in
absentia, when the Soviets and British occupied Iran in August
19414.
Djasim ALSAHRABAMI
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for a transfer to
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 19425.
Tahsin el ASKAR.I
Director General of the Iraqi Waterways and brother of the
assassinated Iraqi W y Minister Djafar Pascha Al ASKARI. He
was a member of the clandestine Iraqi National Socialistic Or?
ganization in 19396.
Jousef Al ATTAR
A student irom Baghdad in Zurich, who went to Germany to
join the GHAILANI group in 19427.
Abdulla AUNI
Ex-chief of the Iraqi traffic police, who was arrested by
the British for subversive activities in July 19428.
A hciul 1 ail R AT-If P
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for a transfer to
Germany in order t'.) join the GHAILANI group in August 19429.
Rauf BAHRANI
Minister in GHAILANI's cabinet in the spring of 1941, and
later sentenced to lire imprisoonment'in absentia. According to
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reports he was living in exile in Teheran when the Soviets and the
British occupied Iran in August 194110.
Junis BAHRI, aka Ur BAHRI, aka Yunis BAHRI, aka Junus BAHRI
An Iraqi from Mussel who was suspended from his job as
teacher because of immoral behavior. He became a Broitish
Intelligence Service agent and was given a mission to sabotage
Iraqi-Yemen negotiations in 1930. After being expelled from
Yemeni he went to Baghdad where he joined the editorial staff
of the newspaper "Ukab". After "Uk.ab" was banned, BAHRI
became a speaker on the Baghdad radio. Again he was suspended,
this time for incompetence as well as bad behavior. He then
tried to reioin the British Intelligence Service but was turned
After?? 'rs he ap.prnarherl Envoy GROBBA, who recom-
mended him to Radio Berlin as an Arab commentator.
BAHRI claimed that he incited the Mosul riots after the
death of King GHAZI, and that he was sentencted to death by the
Iraqi court.
inventions.
These allegations, however, were said to be pure
In Berlin, he played an important role in Arab circles and
in September 1941, became Dep?ty Chairman of the "Central
Islamic rnstitute".
Shortly after the arrival of the Grand Mufti, BAHRI became
involved in controversies with the Mufti and his entourage. He
was accused y the Muft.1_ of spreading ;_)es and causing trouble
among Aral-, refugees. Despl.te GHAILAN.,:is support, he was
dismissed from Radio Beri..n n April 1942, and sent to Bucharest
as a ?2orrespor der t for the "Arab News Agency". His activity
there led to 'r-.2s recaii in February 1943. Because the Grand
Mufti and GHA.fLAN.f were against. 11:.s return to Berlin, a compul
sory residence or in \-1-:nna was proposed for himII
Mohamed B ARBOUT -
Secretary oi 4-te brand Mu 12. n. 1.5er-1;Ln ii 194212
Rafael BAT TI, Raphael BUTT
An Iraqi lawyer
who was arrested by the British in July 1942
for carrying out subversve activities13.
I Q rr1
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to Germany
in August 1942 in order to join the GHAILANI group14.
?
Abdullahad DAOUD
He was born circa 1911, and became an ov..)tician in Baghdad after
he studied in Germany. He was an Arab nationalist and vent to
Sofia in the spring of 1941 to offer his services to the GIS. His name
0
was included in a list of prospective GIS agents in. 194115.
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Hamud el DLTENAB
?
?
One of GI-IAA-LAN-1'S agents who refilQed. GHAILANI's order to
join the Cap Stinion camp I-7 Greece. Instead, he returned to
Istanbul in April 194216.
?
Abdul DstAlabar Mahmal DSCHENABI
Presumably one of the GIS' Arab agents expelled from Turkey
in February 1942. He went to Sofia, where GHA1LANI directed him
to proceed to th.e Cap Sun.:'.on camp near Athens and to report to tle
GIS17.
Colonel Abl-,.as EADHL(KHAMMAS, aka Abbas Fadii KHAMMAS
He wi.s born ciri2a 1904, and was commanding officer of the
3rd the 1.:1-:3o: Army in 1942. He was a supporter of
the ex- Prermer Thok.a el HASCHIMI. and an enemy of NURI. SAID,
In GHAiLAN's UPifl10, hs character and aptitudes were "mediocre"18.
Major Ismao1. FATTAH
Ar-, c,ffH.,.:er of The Arrny who was a member of.GHAILANI's
office lr
111One. of GHA.LANI's 3.i.ents n Turkey who was a cut out with
Baghdad s ro.)t known to 1j-1e. GI.S base in Istanbul in
Mar:' 1942 when CrHA_,-LANT: askei Capt. LEVERTKUEHN (via the
GEM) to ge ?.171 w
GALAL KHALED
Uovcl'nGr. of Baghd71d, be w y British for
? ?
S r s e 2u/ 1Q42--.
Karn L!. CrHAILAN.,, .ak. GElLANT.
FTc W,i S born QO
rc.ther Al:.
T /ski LANL
s (-i t Je 7Tie
I
t Iraq'coup. In his
apart in e n s T-11 ? ri ( on f(: r f? n e of Arab tv;tt-ionalist leaders was
hcd in Se.ptc7r11.- Cr-IS p .rt.,_cH.pated 7!--, the conference. In
the sp cf 1942, 1-?c. wer.+. Rome and sered for a short time as
Rasd Ali GHALAN sli a.son wh the .Tt,alian Foreign Ministry. In
October 1942, went -?,,02,ere he became the third most
nportart. nc.mker o RsL.d (_,"11-/ALANT's ofb_ce. He was described
as a b e and ..31.ented especially in
languages, ut.i kir tr d.,.-',erm,ra..):-.orr, endurance and willpower
which zed j.s I-?ro-:ner
Rashid Ali el GHAILANI, R.as'st-ic Ali GHILANI, "ABDULAZIZ"
?
Former Iraqi Premier, he was born in 1894, descendant of an old
patrician and religious Baghdad family. A brother of his wasothe
spiritu.a.1 leader of Iraqi Arabs.
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He s!.t.,tdied law in Is.c,anbul and practiced it in Baghdad. He
became Minister of Justice in. 1924, but had to resign because of
his opposition to foreign oil concessions. Subsequently, he became
a member of Parlament, then President of Parliament and, in
1927 Minister of Interior.
He resigned this post in protest against the Anglo-Iraqi pact,
and founded his own political party to oppose British influence.
Forced later by NURI-SAID to resign from Parliament, he was
appointed head of the Royal Cabinet by King FEISAL. In 1933, he
again became Premier, and supressed a revolt of Assyrians, who
were supported by the British, After King FEISALls death in 1933,
GHAILANI backed Prince GHAZI's accession to the throne despite
British oppositton. He had to resign in 1934, but again served as
Minister of the Interior )n.1935.
In 1936, after REKIR-SIDOUIS took over the Government,
GHAILANT. was exiled. He traveled abroad and visited Germany.
In 1937,
he was reinstated by
KIng's Cahinet.
BEKIR-SIDQUIS as head of the
At the begirildng of World War II, he opposed Iraqi's break in
diploma., relations with Germanyand thus again clashed with the
British In February 1941, Premier NURI-SAID was forced to
resign, nd Arab nazionalists, led by the Grand Mufti, succeeded
in appo:tr..4,-,in.g GHAILANI as Premier. He soon clashed with pro'
ish Regent ABDUL-ILAH. In April 1941, when the British
asked for "free entry" of their troops into Iraq, GHAILANI refused
and had Regent ABDUL-ILA.H replaced by EMIR-SHAREF. He
then ordered armed resistance against British troops. After one
month of fighting, British troops subdued the resistance and
GHAILANI fled to Iran.
-
94i he reached Istanbul, where he was met by Capt.
LEVERKUEHN of the GIS. On 30 September 1941 he left by plane
for Germany posing as a II-.'..771H4C-',EA representative from Teheran.
1-:een n. c)nta t with c,R nRB A before the war, GHAILANI
was ,.....sidered by the Ci('rmans as one of their most reliable and
Arab supporters. His activities in Berlin, like those of
the Grand Mut-Lis were of political, intelligence, military, and
psvnl.;:i,gicak warfare n,:lture, "OFFICE GHAILANI" was established
for tht. purpose, His prestige as an Arab nationalist leader was
1.):1 sc2d pr.i:r1A ril.y on his past political record. In addition, he was
also d. m,..rriber of the Pan-Arab secret organization "EL UMMA'L
ARAB1-":rA" and served in the Iraqi executive council of the organiza-
tlon. D n hi s xi 1e Germnv he was accompanied by his
family, whose members were: wife, Larma Rechid Ah el GHAILANI;
daugl-Iters, Najla, Mubjel (Mubedjel), Amel (Emel),
and son Feisa1.23
Sadek HABBAH ?
A member of the Iraqi1131.rliament, who was arrested in Ba hdad
by the Bri.-is171in July 194.42. for conducting subversi-v;,e activities2
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Abdul Ahad HABBOUCHE
He was born circa 1911 in Syria and was a Christian by religion.
A former high school professor in Baghdad; he was employed by
the German Legation in Baghdad in 1939., as a DNB (German News
Agency) translator for the Iraqi press. He continued as a DNB
translator even after the German Legation was closed down. Later
he was arrested twice by the Iraqi Government and had difficulties
in finding a job. He spoke fluent Freiich.
In the spring of 1941, he contacted the GIS through an intermediary
and again offered his services. His contact man with the GIS was
Haji Abdul RAZZAK in Baghdad'.
Ghazi HAIVIDI
A student in Zurich who went to Germany to join the GHAILANI
group in March 194226.
Mahmud HAMMAS
An :Iraqi refugee in Turkey, who applied for transfer to Germany
in order to join the GHAiLANI group n August 194227.
Abbas HELMI EL-HULL[
He was horn circa 19.. He was a lawyer from Baghdad and was
descrihed by the GIS as an .inept, ambitious, talkative, and unrealistic
person and a "po.'_:i.t.lca:t. gossiper". He posed as Iraqi Minister of
Propaganda, and accord:ng to von GRANOW, he had to be watched con-
stantjy. In February 1942, his family was still in Baghdad, and
GHAILANI asked the GEM to inform Capt. Paul LEVERKUEHN to
support HILMI.,EL-HULLI's family financially through GHAILANI' s
cut-cut -in Turkey,. FAUZI. In BerLn, he was a member of the
GHAILANI group'.
Hassan_ el HMD.1, ka HINDI
A former speaker on Arab broadcasts of Rome Radio. In
April 1942, GHAli:LANI instructed hi= to go to the Arab military
camp at Ca.p S:r'.on in Greece. He refused and went to Berlin
11.=10;(1, from here he was recalled by the Italians in
Lille 1 7-1Z.
in A -)
to resume. his former work with Rome Radio2 9 .
Abdulharnid IBRAHM
An. Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for his transfer to
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 194230.
Ahmed IHMAYIT
?
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for his transfer to
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 194231.
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Saleh Saib Al jABUR, aka Salih Saib el DJABURI
A Colonel of the Iraqi Army, born circa 1894, he was considered
an able officer. A nationalist who took part in the 1936 uprising, he
was expelled from the Army by NURI-SAID. In 1941, GHAILANI
appointed him Director of Iraqi railways. In this function, JABUR
very skillfully rushed arms to Mosul from Syria in May 1941. In
March 1942 he was commanding the 1st Iraqi Division. According to
GHAILANI, he was anti-British, a supporter of Hikmet SULEYMAN,
and an opponent of NURI-SAID. GHAILANI expected him to join
the Arab nationalists at the first opportunity32.
Major ibrah m JUWAD, aka Ibrahim DJAWAD, aka Ibrahim DJUWAD,
aka Ibrahim JAWAD
A member of the Iraqi Air Force mission in Rome (presumably
for the GHAILANI Government). In June 1942, he went to Berlin
at the request of the German Air Force. The Italians requested that
he enlist in their Air Force, because the German Air Force did not
permit him to enlist in the LUFTWAFFE. In August 1942 he finally
returned to Rome as GHAILANI's representative-)3
Abdullah KADER
An Iraqi of Kurd origin. He was a student in Zurich and went
to Germany (presumably to take part in activities of the GHAILANI
group) in March 194234
Abdessatar KARAGOLI
He was arrested by the British in Iraq in July 194235.
Abdul LATIF KEMALI
A member of GHAILANI's office in Berlin. He was the
announcer for Radio Berlin's broadcasts in 194236.
Abderrahman KHUDR
He was arrested by the British for subversive activities in
Iraq in 1942.37
Said KT ANI
Former Iraqiminister. In 1941 he was presumably in
Berlin and in contact with Envoy von HENTIG and Max von
OPPENHEIM38.
Djafer LABIR
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to _5 ,
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 1942 .
Mohammed Abdul LATIF
He was active in the Athens branch of the German propaganda
office and returned to Berlin in February 194340.
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fnu MADHEM
A teacher by profession, who was a student at the University
of Berlin in May 194041.
Hamid All MAHMUD
Iraqi Minister of Transportation in GHAILANI's cabinet in
the spring of 1941, he was sentenced to life imprisonment in
absentia, and was living exile in Teheran when the Allies
nrrnpipri Iran in August 194142,
Mohammed All MAHMUD, aka Hamid All MAHMUD
He was M'.nister of _A.a.n.sportation in GHAILANI's cabinet
in the spring of 1941. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in
absentia, and was in exile in Teheran when the Allies occupied
Iran in Auc,ust 194143.
Kazem MAKSUD
A former Iraqi Army Military Commander of Kirkuk, who
was sentenced to two years in prison for subversive activities
in July 1942.44
Dr. Abdur Rauf MALIK
A student at the Umversity of Berlin in 1940, he was Deputy
Secretary General of the "Central Islamic Institute" in Berlin in
194145.
Yannum MEHEMET
An Iraqi refugee n Turkey who applied for transfer to Germany
in A /
order to join the GHAILANI group in August 194240.
Abdul1 h MEHEMET
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 1942.47
Sea 11 e t 1\4 UHT m T
J. V 1 1 1 1 N.,
An -Iraqi Army officer in the Izmir refugee camp in Turkey,
who was selected to go to Germany in August 1942 to work for the
T S4 8
Abdul Asis MUWAFFAQ
Former Iraqi Charge d'Affaires in Paris, who smuggled arms
from France to Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Iraqi court
action against him was stopped by his brother-in-law, Iraqi Finance
Minister Nadji SUWAIDI. In 1940 MUVv'AFFAQ was in contact with
GIS agent VELI ? BEY-MEITGER, who planned to supply German
arms to Iraq49.
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Hamid NASRAT
He was born in 1896. In 1942 he was a Colonel in the Iraqi
Army and Commanding Officer of the 4th Division. He was said
to be of weak character and unreliable50.
Baha el Din NURI
He was born circa 1885, of Kurd origin. He studied in
England, and in 1939 he was dismissed from the Iraqi Army by
NURI-SAID. GHAILANI helped him to obtain employment with
the Iraqi railways. In 1941 he supported GHAILANI in his fight
against the British. Despite this, he was appointed Assistant
to the Chief of the Iraqi General Staff in 1942 when NURI-SAID
was Premier. According to GHAILANI, Baha el Din NURI was
really an enemy of NURI-SAID, and his appointment to the
General Staff was the result of his ability to play on both sides
GHAILANI belleved that Baha el Din NURI would turn against
the Br',_tish again, once the German Army reached Iraq51.
Muza.hin Amin Al PACHACHI, aka Muzahim el PACHACHI
EL.vov in Vichy in May 1941, he took part in the
negotiations concerning shipment of German arms to Iraq.
In 1943, he ived an Monte Carlo. However, for reasons not
stated the German Embassy In Paris expressed dissatisfaction
about the fact that he resided an an area removed from German
52
stirve
Dr. Abdul Macli...d QUASSAB
A p.-_,Nrsan. in Baghdad w1-.,.o was a German. sympathizer and
ni cc)n'...(act: with Envoy GROBBA in 193853.
Colonel!. Harn.d RAFAT
He wAs born (yr-2a 1887. In April 194i', he was Chief of
)irteJ aenc 0 In the tr-in._ Army. He was in (-Lose contac4t. with
the GiS pr agent ._n ii:rdq, Osman Kemal HADDAD.
Through RAFAT, the Grand Mufti had a direct secret radio
contact w7_4-,1-. the GIS in rlin in the spring of 1941. According
to GHAJLAN:_, RAFAT had 1tie ability but was very reliable
and lova. in Marc'-). _"_942, he was the Commanding Officer
of the ir.-Lq RE'( onna:._ssance Brigade54.
Selam Abdul RA.HMAN
An Iraqi Army officer in the refugee camp at Izmir,
n August 1942, was selected to go to Germany to
J.
C5
?-.4
RASCHID UBEIDI
T 1,0 r
who
r
I VI
the
He was arrested by the British in Iraq in July 1942 for
participation in subversive activities56.
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An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to
Germany in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 194257.
Nadim Shun i RASSUL
A member of the Arab Military Training Unit in Italy who
was arrested in Brindisi. He had worked previously for the GIS
and for unknown reasons, the GIS turned him over to the Italian
authorities58.
General Ibrahim Pascha el RAWI
An Iraqi Army general ?...vho was interned for unknow-n. reasons
in Italy an 1941. He was released in August 1942 at the Grand
lvlufti's and GHAILANI's intercession. Subsequently, he went to
Berlin where he became a military advisor in GHAILANI's office59.
All RAWI
A student in Zurich who went to Germany in 1942 in order
to join the GHAILANI group60,
Salim el RAWI, aka Splirn
aka Salin Al RAWI
Ahmed Al RAWI, aka Salim ARRAWI,
A young Iraqi Foreign Ministry official in Budapest, who was
a cousin of Iraqi general, Ibrahim Al RAWI. He was reportedly
a member of the GHAILANI office in. 1942-194361.
Mun.ir el RA.CES
A member of the GHAILANI office in 194362.
irRAzzAr7_1t
A
student at the
University of Berlin in May 194063.
Col. Abd el RAZZ.A.K- HUSSEIN, aka Abdurrazak HUSAIN
He was the Commanding Officer of the Mosul military district
and a supporter of Fra.ha Al HA_SCHIMI in 1942. He was reportedly
an opportunist".
Atodul. RAZZAK
A GIS cut-out in Baghdad, who was proposed by the GIS
as a contact with Abdul Ahad HABBOUCHE in April 1941. He
is possibly identical with Nadji Abd el RAZ ZAK65.
Nadji Abd el RAZZAK-
An Iraqi refugee who was assigned by C;14A1T.A.NI tpo the
Cap Sunion Arab Legion camp in Greece. He tried to avoid
this assignment, but finally submitted to GHAILANI's order in
March 1941. He is possibly identical with Haji Abdul RAZZAK66.
SECRET.
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SECRET
"SADIK SALIH"
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to
Germany- in order to join the GHAILANI group in August 194267.
Tawfik as SA'DOUN
He was born circa 1901, and was the brother-in-law of ex?
Premier Hikmet SULEYMAN, He spoke French, English and
Turkish, and served for a time as Chief of Protocol in the
Iraqi Foreign Ministry. In 1938, SA'DOUN visited Berlin as a
guest of the GEM. He was firmly pro-German and on close,
friendly terms with Envoy GROBBA. At the beginning of World
War II, as a show of disgrace, NURI-SAID sent him as a Consul
to Korernshah Mohammerah in southern Iran, and the GIS planned
to recruit him on a monetary basis. In the meantime, however,
GHAILANI took office and SA'DOUN was named Minister of War
in nI-1._AII,_ANT's cabinet in the sprlrig of 194168.
Emir Ali Al SAFI
An Arab nationalist leader who fled from Iraq to Teheran in
August 1941. In September 1941, he was reportedly in Turkey in
contact wL.th Capt. Paul LEVERKUEHN of the GIS and was taking
part in the conference of Arab nationalist leaders in Istanbul. He
then went to Germany, but returned again to Turkey with a mission
to negoti_ate the release of leaders of the Iraqi coup who had been
arrested by the British. After his return to Berlin in 1942, he
became L7
ANV s secretary-69.
Nedschmethn SAHRANARDI
One of GHATLANI's agents. After he was presumably expelled
from Turkey in February 1942, GHAILANI ordered him to proceed
to the Legion camp at Cap Sur,on where he was to be contacted by
the GIS70y
Mrs. Mahmud SALMAN
The wife of the Commanding Officer of the Iraqi Air Force,
Colonel Mahmud SALMAN; her husband played a leading role in
the fight against t1-.e British in May 1941. After the collapse of
the res: stance Col. SALMAN went into exile to Iran and was
caught there by the British and handed over to the Iraqi pro-
British Government. He was sentenced to death and hanged in
May 1942.
In January 1943 Mrs. Mahmud SALMAN (with her son) was
reportedly in Turkey where she was supported from the Grand
Mufti's funds. She was expelled from Turkey with a group of
GIS Arab agents in October 1943. From Turkey she went to
Sofia71.
Major Mohamet SALMAN, aka Mohammed SELMAN, 01) Magid SIRHAN
He was born circa 1901 and was the brother of the Commanding
Officer of the Iraqi Air Force Mohamed SALMAN (executed by the
o
SECItET
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0 0
SECRET
?NUR1-SAID Government in May 1942). For several years SALMAN
had attended a British tank officers school in England and was
recalled home in May 1941 after the change in the Iraqi Govern-
ment. He was supposed to travel via Lisbon and Africa, but con-
tacted the GIS in Lisbon and proceeded to Germany under an aliag.
In Germany he was debriefed regarding British armored troops.
In April 1942, he was a member of the GHAILANI office72.
Raschid Said SAMARAI
One of GHILANI's agents, in February 1942, after he
p res umably was expelled froin Turkey; he was ir.,-;tr:.cted to
join the Arab Legion camp at Cap Sunion in Greece. GETAILANI
req.aested the GIS to get in touch with SAMARAI as soon as he
arrived at the camp.7
SARSAM
A student of medicine at the University of Berlin in May 1940'
'7
Eiikmet SAMI, aka Hikmaet SAMI
A junior official of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry stationed in
Budapest, he went to Berlin and joined GH.AILANI's office in
April 194274
SATUN-AY.A_L
? An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to Germany
in August 1942, presumably to join GHAILANI's office76 .
?
?
Colonel Mahmud Hussein el SCH_A_HWANI, aka Mahmud Husain Ash
SHAHWANli
He was born clrca 1891, was educated at a military school
in Turkey, and became the Commanding Officer of the Iraqi
Artillery Brigade. According to GHAILANI, he was an out-
standing nationab_st, of good character and anti-British. It was
bc-,4icved that he would ion the nationalist forces at the first
(-Irt (-1 1-1- n fT? ,,,
March 1942
he was still Commanding Officer
.
of the Artillery Brlgade77.
Ernir Scher:i Mohammed SCHARAF, aka Scher-if SHERAF, aka SHAREF
He was Regent of Iraq after the dcopsition of Emir ABDULILLAII
in April 1941. When the British occupied Iraq, SCHARAF fled to
eheran an ci th e:n t_- o Germany , wher e- he 10 e c e rn ember of.
GHAILANI's office. In February 1942, his family was still in Istanbul
and was f-2,nancia1ly supported by GHAILANI through Capt. Paul
LEVERKUENH of the GIS78.
Harith SCHAUK.AT
He was the son of the Iraqi minister, Nadji SCHAUKAT. In
March 1942 he joined his father in Ber1in79..
SECRET
122
?
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SECRET
Nadji SCHAUKAT, aka Nahdo SCHOKAD, aka Nadji SCHAUKAT, aka
Nadji SHANKAT, @ AHMED
a
He was 'born circa 1891. He served as Premier of Iraq, and was
several times a cabl..net minister. He was referred to alternatively as
Minister of Justice and M-inicti-r of War in GHAILANI's cabinet in the
spring of1"1
j al A. ?
After the collapse of Iraqi resistance in May 1941, he fled to
Turkey; from there 1-e went to Germany in March 1942. He became
the leading mar in GHAILANI's office and, on the basis of an agree-
ment between the Grand Mufti and GHAILANI in April 1941, he was
put in charge of all Arab refugee military matters. At that time, his
wife, /viakbula SCHAUKAT was still in Turkey, financially supported
with GHAILAN2s funds. The funds were given to her by Capt. Paul
LEVERKUEHN of the G.:.S.
Under the alias "AHlvIED", Nadji SCHAUKAT was a member of
"EL UMMAL ARABi.YA", the Iraqi Executive Council of the Pan-Arab
secret organization. He was described as a very unassuming, quiet,
discreet, alert, and capable man. He was also considered an out.,
standing expert on Turkey, where he had served as the Iraqi Envoy
and where he had many personal friends among high Turkish politic-
ians. Because he was related to GHAILANI and at the same time
enjoyed the respect. and trust of the Grand Mufti, the GFM considered
him especlally fit for 1.:..aison duties between these two Arab leaders".
Nedjdet SCHAWWAF, aka Nerljdet SCHAWAT, aka Nadschidad SCHAUWAF
GHALANi's adjutant, an October 1941 he was in exile in Turkey
where be was in contact. xx-th Capt. Paul LEVERKUEHN of the GIS.
In April 1942 he jo.ne.d GHAILANI's group in Germany and became
GHAILAN:'s adjutart. He was described as a young Iraqi of no
8 7
particutlr :_rriport;:e
Bedia SCHER F
A
Ea s(-
P
Inc rril:er of the CHAiLANI group who went to Germany from
May .1942, (.1--THA.LANI proposed him for the position of
r of the Sect-.on of Rad.ln Berin82.
Dr. Mol-J,3_rrirn?:.d .1-1.-=Ls sal) SELMAN, aka SALMAN
He W S Lorr rc 3 902. He was Minister of Education in
GHAILAN:'s ,_:,d_?_r_et and after the occupation of Iraq by the British
he went to Germany after a short period of exile an Turkey. In
BerLin, nextto Na.di SCHAUKAT, he became the most important
member of CrHAiLANlis off..ce. He was described as a mode-t,
able and talented man, wlthout excessive political ambition. In
April 1942, pursuant to an agreement between the Grand Mufti and
GHAILANI, he became head of Arab propaganda activities conducted
in Europe by refugee Arab circ1es83.
Musa SHAHBANDAR., _11-(.: Musa SCHACHBENDER, aka Musa SHABANDER,
aka Muzer SCHABANDER
?
He was Iracil0Charge d'Affaires in Berlin prior to World War II.
He was pro-German and became the Iraqi Foreign Minister in
SECRET
123 0
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
SECRET
GHAILANI's cabinet. After the British had occupied Iraq he fled
to Iran and was reportedly in Teheran when the Soviets and the
British occupied Iran. In Iraq he was sentenced in absentia to
life imprisonment84.
Dr. Sarni SHAWKAT
Director General of the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and a
member of 131andestine Iraqi national socialist organization
in June 1939 .
Jahirel SHUKRI
A student from Kufa (Iraq) in Zurich, who went to Germany
in order to join GHAILANIfs group in March 194286.
Abdullah SIRTIAN
An Iraqi refugee in Turkey who applied for transfer to Germany
in August 1942 in order to join the GHAILANI group67.
"SORAN1"
An Iraq:. journahst who was a supporter of Nazi ideology and
of Arab nationalism. During the period of Hikrnet SULEYMAN's
cabient (:936-1937), he published the fascist newspaper "ED.DIFA"
(Defense). After the fall of SULEYMAN's Government, he had to
leave the country and went to Syria, where he was forced to reside
at Djesire. In the spring of 1941 in Athens SORANT offered his
services to Germany through an intermediary. In April 1941, he
was .1..sted by the GTS as a prospective agent88.
Rashid SOUFJ.
Arrested by the British in Iraq for subversiv-e activities
Rq
in ...July 1942,- '
Djesmi SULEIMAN, aka Jezmi SULEYMAN, aka Jaezmi SULEYMAN,
aka Jesi-ni SULEYMAN, aka. Djasmi SULEIMAN, aka Djaezmi SULEYMAN
A nephew of CIFIA_ILANI, he was in contact with Capt. Paul
LEVERKUEEIN in Turkey in 1941. In February 1942, he joined the
GHAJLANI group in B erlin. He accompanied GHAILANI's family
to Budapest in January 194390.
Nadji SUWAID.;:, aka Nadji SUEDI, aka Nadschi As SUWATM, aka
Nahdo 7TvP-T-1-1
He was Finance Ivlinister in GHAILANI's cabinet in the spring
of 1941, and chief of the "ABU AD DUSTUR" political party. After
the collapse of Iraqi resistance in May 1941, he fled to Iran and was
reportedly in Teheran when the British and the Soviets occupied
Iran in August 1941. It was reported that he died in September 194291.
?
SECRET
124
?
?
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?
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SECRET
Salah el Din el TABBAGH, aka Salaheddin SABBAGH, aka
Salaheddin SABACH, @ RADWAN
o
A general of the Iraqi Army who played a leading role in the
Iraqi coup in the spring of 1941. He was sentenced to death in
absentia by the Government of NURI-SAID. It was reported that
he had been captured by the British when they occupied Iran in
August 1942 and had been handed over to the Iraqi Government.
In May 1942, however, it was reported that he was in Turkey,
and that the pro-British Iraqi Government requested that he be
extradited to Iraq.
TABBAGH was a member of the Iraqi Executive Council of the
Pan-Arab secret, organization "EL UMMAL ARABIYA" under the
alias RADWAN9L .
Behnarn TrNBI A
A student in Zurich, who went to Germany to join
GHAILANI's group in March 1942`,-).
Ibrahim Adham WADSCHID
A GHAILANI agent who was presumably expelled from
Turkey and was instructed to proceed to the Arab Legion camp
at Cap Sunion in Greece in February 1942. GHAILANI requested
the GIS to contact him upon arrival at the camp"
Ekrem ZUAITTER, aka Ekrem ZUAITER
One of GHAILANI's agents in Turkey in 1942, he was in
contact with Capt. Paul LEVERKUEHN of the GIS. He was
expelled from Turkey because of his intelligence activies and
proceeded to Sofia in October 194395.
o SECRET
125
IL_ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
?
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Reference No.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Serial
1135
4929
4929
1135
792
5127
4929
59
4929
4929
4929
792
5127
?
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
323933
261168,
261161 I
9
260764
323939
Date
September 1941
August 1942
March 1942
September 1941
273082 April 1941
295866 October 1941
261175 August 1942
39624 June 1939
260826 March 1942
261173 July 1942
261175 August 1942
273082 April 1941
295867 October 1941
792 273119
792 272809
1155 325885,
325952
4929 260636
17 10199
4929 260799,
260809,
260811,
260812,
260814,
260818,
260819
4929 260888,
GOV?I-3D
25 15467
25 15370,
15421
930 298062,
297925,
297982,
297985
930 297898
930 298058,
298059,
298061
SECRET
126
April 1941
May 1941
4'
September 1941
February 1942
February 1942
March 1942
April 1942
September 1942
October 1942
December 1942
January 1943
February 1943
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Co!y Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Reference No.
12
1_3
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Serial
930
A (1, 0
-x7
25
4929
25
4929
4929
4929
4929
4929
4929
4929
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
297981 December 1943
?Alin July 1942
15542 July 1942
261175 August 1942
15776,
15805
260797,
260826
260861
260603,
260604
April 1941
March 1941
April 1942
February 1942
260742,
260768 ' March 1942
261086 June 1942
260687 February 1942
260844 March 1942
261173 July 1942
1135 323933,
-23936,
323938 September 1941
4929 260603,
260793 February 1942
4929 260587 February 1942
4929 260701 March 1942
4929 260291 April 1942
930 298148 October 1942
930 297898 January 1943
23 59 296622 June 1939
C. 1 '7 7 295861,
-1 1 C.?
295864 July 1941
1135 323933,
11 r 323934,
323936 September 1941
41 28202 November 1941
1135 323934 October 1941
41 28183 December 1941
930 298144,
298145 January 1942
4929 261630 May 1942
?
SECRET
127
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R00350oosona4_7
?
?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy A
Reference No.
proved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/21 CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Serial
41
41
SECRET.
REFERENCES.
(for names)
Frame(s)
28195,
28197
28444,
28418
4929
4 929
261283,
261288
260519,
260524
24
25
155542
25
25
15776,
15806
26
4929
260826
27
4929
261175
28
4929
260291
4929
260687
4929
260844
25
15387,
15422
25
15496.
4929
2 61327
29
4929
260918
86
628;0
86
62854
?
30
4929
261175
32
33
A CI') n
4929
86
86
4929
4929
261175
260742,
260767
62854
62850,
62873
260776
261214
260774,
260775
Date
May 1942
July 1942
October 1942
January 1943
July 1942
April 1941
March 1942
August 1942
April 1942
February 1942
March 1942
October 1942
Septe'rnber 1942
November 1942
April 1942
June 1942
June 1942
August 1942
August 1942
March 1942
June 1942
July 1942
March 1942
August 1942
O SECRET 0
? 0
in Dar+ - aniti7Ari Cony Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
I.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Reference No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Sc)
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Serial
4929
25
4929
1155
1155
4929
930
1037
5127
5127
-192
4929
1037
1155
4929
4929
4929
792
A rl
"1 G. 7
4929
792
6459
731
4929
4929
4929
4929
narlaccifiPri in Part - Sanitized Com/ Approved for Release
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
260291
15617
261173
325925
325961
261175
298
31107?
295866
295867
273082
261178
311022
325885,
325899
261175
261175
261178
273162
260742,
260768
260742,
260765
272808
482330
265422
260742;
260768
261178
261173
261175
SECRET
129
a
Date
April 1942
June 1942
July 1942
October 1941
August 1941
August 1942
February 1943
May 1940
October 1941
October 1941
April 1941
July 1942
May 1940
September 1941
August 1941
August 1942
August 1942
December 1940
March 1942
March 1942
May 1941
February 1943
October 1938
March 1942
August 1942
July 1942
?
August 1942
50-Yr 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
0 0
Reference N
58
59
60
61
62
63.
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
0 71
0
0
0
0
0
Serial
4929
4929
4929
25
4979
4929
4929
4929
930
930
1037
4929
25
4929
A (1"")
t'7 4. '7
792
25
1155
1135
5127
25
4929
930
4929
5127
25
930
930
930
0
SECRET ?
REFERENCES
(for names)
?
Frame(s)
?
Date
?
?
261275
261216,
261217,
261218
?????
September 1942
September 1942
261214
August 1942
15387
October 1942
260826
March 1942
260880,
260291
April 1942
260793
March 1942
261223,
26122 4
September 1942
298144
January 1943
298146
January 1941
311022
May 1940
260742,
260768
March 1942
15776,
15806
April 1941
260797,
260826
March 1941
261175
August 19 42_
273076
April 1941
15746,
15776,
15805
April 1941
325916
August 1941
323936
September 1941
295866
October 1941
15565
May 1942
260291
April 1942
297948
December 1942
?
260603,
260604
February 1942
295866
October 1944
15651
May 1942
?
2981148
Isloveizlber 1942
298110
January 1943
298087
October 1943
SEC RET ?
130
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Reference No. Serial
72
73
SECRET
REFERENCES:
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
792 272809 May 1941
4929 260291 April 1942
4929 260603,
260.604 February 1942
_74n n^ste-1-31(14-1
'M Lo L?UV I 7.3 i
4929 260880,
260291 April 1942
930 298145 January 1943
75 1037 311022 May 1940
76 4929
77 4929
78
79
80
81
82
83
0
261175
260742,
260768
5127 295866
4929 260579,
260609,
260625,
260682,
260687
41 28447
4929
260798
August 1942
March 1942
October 1941
February 1942
July 1942
March 1942
792 272869/
273076,
273082 April 1941
54 36678 October 1940
ai-)7 5867 1 0A7
9
I. V %.-+ 1 /
4929 260701,
260720 March 1942
86 62815 April 1942
4929 260921,
260891,
260966 April 1942
4929 261283,
261288 October 1942
1135 323934
4929 260291
25 15636
5127 295867
4929 260701,
260734
SECRET
131
0 ?
October 1941
April 1942
May 1942
October 1941
March 1942
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?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
Reference No. Serial
4929
25
84
85
86
87
88
25
91.0
792
5127
59
4929
4929
25
89 4929
90 1135
4929
4929
91
92
93
94
95
?
4929
930
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
260921,
260891
15614
15387,
15406
297920,
297970
April 1942
June 1942
October 1942
December 1942
272869,
273076 April 1941
273082 April 1941
295886 October 1941
39623 June 1939
260826 March 1942
261175 August 1942
15776,
15802 April 1941
261173 July 1942
323934 October 1941
260598 February 1942
260859,
260921 April 1942
260793 March 1942
298144 January 1943
792 273076
792 273082
5127 295867
4929 261294
4929 260.526
5127
61
25
4929
4929
4924
4929
4929
9.30
295866
40522
15643
261039,
261041
261263,
2 612 88
260826
260687
298087
?
SECRET
132
?
?
April 1941
April 1941
October 1941
October 1942
January 194,3
October 1941
May 1942
May 1942
May 1942
October 1942
March 1942
February 1942
February 1942
October 1943
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R003500080004-7
?
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G. North Africa
SEC1-,.ET
1. In 1939 two German businessmen, Erich MOHR and Walter
STOCKMANN, were arrested in Oran for espionage activities in North
Africa, but there is little additional evidence of German intelligence
efforts in that area until France's fall (June 1940) when GIS operatives
entered French North Africa in strength, under cover as diplomats and
members of the German Armistice Control Commission. In addition,
some GFM officials also participated in GIS activities in North Africa.
They were (fnu) AUER, who in 1941 was chief of the German Office for
the French Protectorate in Casablanca and who in 1942 directed from
Paris some of the German-sposored propaganda in North Africa; the
famous Otto ABETZ, who among other duties -- directed from Paris
an intelligence net operating in North Africa.; Erich MOHR (mentioned
above) who later assumed the cove-rof 11-ce-Consul; (Inn) SON _LI,INFILII_J;
NTT T c-NT
,
(fnu) RIETH; (fnu) NOEHRING; Dr. (fnu) RICHTER; and Dr. (fnu)
KASPAR?-
Z. While the Syrian cohabGrator Emir Aclil ARSLAN on the one
hand had contacts in North Africa which he made available to the GIS,
a number of Arab refugees, on tHe other hand, went from North Africa
to Germany. Their act:;_vities were directed and coordinated by a
German Government, sponsored "Nort1-.: African Office" in Berlin,
headed by El Sadek HASSAN-BESBES. One member of this refugee
group, Habib
the German shortwave broadcast network, at least, in January 1943.
was active as an Arab rr)mmr-7.itatrr on
3. The major GJ.S Afr-,ca were.. directed from
Spanish Morocco and the internatrial Zone.. Because Spain
had claims (1'11 Nnrt.t1 Afr-icar t:.'ri-.2.tc-,ry, the Germans made an agree-
ment with the Spanst-, Governme-.... which allowed the GIS to operate
with t:--e caveat that it (the GIS) wo 1.c.1 .-refrali, from __cal activities.
The caveat specifically referred te activity whnc rniht str '_.tp Arab
national-At:4_ feeling ag-1._cist 4L.'neir Span.ish re s. 3
. 1 1. 1_4 t " Cl_ ,71
AT TJ
._:,g-dst. :1940
Paid KRUEGER, 1.;71der 111 C C "\," r of a Ger.m.a. Vice-C?D-ns-,11, became
its chief. In the sprang (.1- 1941 aroth.er GIS base was estalThshed in
Tangier and Lt. Herma7-..n GOERJTZ, also LI-(cier the cove:- of a German
Vice-Consul, became 1-1,:e chief there. (..?).1\- sever_ GIS staff officers
enjoyed diD1.01-riat: cc\er a ti 0 S tvo 'Da s or staff _members used
,-.)usiness and other 1943, when the area's
importance as ;1r. oh servataon p .t of Allied military (-3.n c-.1. supply
nioveineT.ts \\ as p:rcperl-y-eco.-2,:iized, a specia.i
ttel_igerce mission
under Co1oel johar.J7-L RECKE vas set -,.p, w 1;-4 tr-r-)k over
direction of almost ar.. GIS ac.Livities LT Spanish Mor,-_:.,ccc_) and. Tangier,
including, naval and a:1r observation groc,ps in Ceuta aid MeJ:1a.
Ge'rmanG Main Securit-,,- Office (RSHA; police attac.ne s u_nde r SS-
Obersturinfuehrer Ernst GUDJONS, ar..6 Security Service (SD) person-
nel under Hans Pete,- SCHULZE, were also urder RECKE's cl7rection
?and supervision. 4
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5. A few GIS agen':s, however, operated independently of RECKE,
communicating directly with their offices in Germany or via relay by
the Germar) Embassy in Madrid. The Tangier base complained re-
peatedly and bitteri\T about the gross negligence and the near total
absence of elementary tradecraft and security practices evidenced by
these independent operators, and at least two of them, (fnu) MERTZ
and (fnu) WISSMANN, on detached service from the Muenster (in
Westphalia) branch office of the Abwehr, were unceremoniously
recalled to Germany and investigated for alleged high treason and
compromise of radio communications procedures and codes. 5
6 Energetic r?.-eL.ritrnent: drives among German settlers in Spanish
Morocco and the Int-crrintlena" Zone of Tang:er were made. Among
those who gave effecL:ve cooperatioil were Ludwig LOSBIGHLER,
Mathias GOERITZ, (f-n-.1) LANG-EN-HEIM, and (fnu'i RESCHHAUSEN,
7. Following Italy's surrender in September 1943, Major Guiseppe
COMELLI, who until that time had directed Italian intelligence oper-
ations in North Africa, vc:lun-'Leered his services and his network to the
GIS. COMELLI's group was incorporated into RECKE's mission and
was assigned operations in French Morocc. In ,T.ine 1944, the Italian
Republic rump go-vernment under Marshal Rodolfo G'RAZIANI appointed
COMELLI as Assis'La:-..`L Italian Attache in Madrid, from where
the latter continued has intelligence work, directing about thirty agents
in Algiers, TL7-iisla, and French Morocco.6
8. In a-m7-1 7943, pressure from the
Allies, Spanish Moi7occc, tried to curb GIS activities.
initially the Cie rrna-n s re s:..sted Spa7rish suggesLons for restraint but
as Athed =Cita:7 s?..::::cesscs Spa:._isIL became more
insistent: and an Janaar '944 Cc.1{.[::.el RECKE and rnost of has subordinate
group were expe'Led from are;-4-3.. in May 1944,
Spain also ciesci'd to Gt. rrnan Coc:su!.a.te
Alter this action,
.4)n1,y those a2er-,t
Lc ri 0 V./ n Span:_s}-: authoritie s
re may-A- d 7
,
ad
()?;(1:' .1'73
I
?e cnien unde- which Spain
perm?ted GIS apera+..-2aris an t -le area, GIS contacts
amor_g North Africa: Arab l.cnustswere relatvely limited. In
October
n
/ 5
Prance MAHMUD, brother of the Caliph of
Spanish Morocco, k.-ffered Berlin Lo coordinate plans for
an Arab Lz.prisa.rig Mcroccc. n No ;ember l942 MOIIAMED, another
brother of th.e Caaph, approached t..he German Cc.su1 in Tetuan and
offered to set ?IT.-)
col-L,actw?iih el GLAOUI Pas:-.La of Marrakesh, in
.exchange for A::ls .re( flit f Arab
?indcpcde::c.
approaches were made by N'Iulav ABDUL AZIZ, ex-Sultan of Morocco,
and Arab nationalist (Inn) TORRES, The offers were declined.
however. In addelt:c7', ,e GIS :7epz.ima,-_cleci. the Grand Mufta, when
in March 1942 he sent has represcritative, (Liu) HILAL1, to North
Africa to enlist Arab volunteers Lo had offered their services to
him.8
o
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The S.....tan of French Morocco, SIDDI MOHAMED, also offered
his coope-,-,:~..un to the GIS and passed some military information to the
Germans. His overtures were not acted on, however, and in August
1943 the GIS found evidence of his ambivalence in an intercepted letter
in which the Sultan offered the same kind of cooperation to the British
in exchange for support of his political aims. 9
11. To the list of the above outlined GIS operations i n North Africa
u61, be added the GIS activities tailored for the support of Field
Wirshal Erwin. ROMMEL and his North African campaign in 1942.
Duri that period, the GIS main emphasis centered on "line- crossing,
shallow penetration" type efforts. Arab agents, presumably trained
by "Group FELMY" were infiltrated through the front lines in Libya
and given, in most cases, purely tactical reconnaissance missions.
They are identified in GFM files only by their WiT call signals. These
line- cr,.,),:sing operations were supervised by Colonel (fnu) MAURER_ of
Abwehr I, who was assisted by the German Consul in Tripolis_ (fnu)
WALTHER, and who was directed by a GIS officer identified as "SALAM" 10.
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c T": ? NT,
1001 X4 N... AA. Ma 1 ?
REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
0
1 11 R 6 7 2 2 I January- 1939
1030 310705,
310709,
310710 May 1942
25 15751 April 1941
1030 310715 May 1942
2 77 58801 December 1943
77 58454 January 1943
3 77 58133 June 1940
77 58136,
58137,
58143,
58148,
58151,
58154,
58160 July 1940
77 58164,
58165,
58170,
58172 August 1940
77 581791
58185 October 1940
77 58213 February 1941
77 58182,
5E183 November 1940
77 58295 October 1941
77 58298 November 1941
4 75 15765 April 1941
77 58219 February 1941
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Reference No.
4
5
6
P7
9
0
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for text)
Serial Frame(s)
77 58228
891 291044
77 58742
736 267189
77 58548,
58550
891 291044
Date
Al?
March 1941
February 1944
September 1943
October 1944
March 1943
February 1944
77 58952,
58961,
58962 May 1944
955 300829,
300831 May 1944
955 300849,
300851 June 1944
77 58135 June 1940
77 58185 October 1940
4929 260807 March 1942
4929 260808 April 1942
77 58371,
58372,
58373,
58374
77 58456,
58459,
November 1942
January 1943
54 36991 r1 -I I7
77 58444,
58469,
58470
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s)
?
9 77 58496,
58498,
58504,
58506
77 58714
955 300687
10 1031 310716,
310717,
310719,
310720,
310727
?
?
?
?
SECRET
0138
Date
February 1943
August 1943
June .1944
June 1942
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0
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PERSONS IN OR FROM NORTH AFRICA WHO WERE GIS
AGENTS OR CONTACTS
?
SEC T
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Abdul Aziz Muley HASSAN
Son of the Ex-Sultan of Morocco and. Professor at the Fez
University. In August 1943, he visited Tangier where he
contacted GIS agent Envoy RIETH.1
Ahmed el ABUDI
Algerian Arab who participated in "Arab propaganda" conducted
by the German Army in June 1940.2
Ahmed BELFRJDSCH
He was born circa 1906 and was deputy leader of the Moroccan
political party EL WAND EL MAGHREBIJE in 1941. He had
studied philosophy at the University of Paris and later founded the
Arab college in Rabat. In 1941 he lived in Paris and supported his
political activities with his own finances which were said to be
substantial. In 1941, he also visited Berlin in order to solicit
German support for Arab nationalist aims in Morocco. He was
included in a GIS list of prospective agents in April 1941.3
Fnu BELLAHRAS
Prisoner of war of Arab nationality from Algiers, he assisted
the German Army in conducting "A-rah propaganda" in Tune 1940,4
"BU-NUWAR"
A prisoner of war who assisted the German Army in conducting
"Arab propaganda" in June 1940.5
Fnu BULEMKALI
A prisoner of war who assisted the German Army in conducting
"Arab propaganda" in June 1940.6
Habibur BURGHIBA
The leader of the Destour political party. He was an Arab
commentator for the Berlin short wave broadcasting station. In
April 1943 he travelled to Tunis on an undisclosed mission.7
Major Guiseppe COMELLI
@ YORK
? /J. %.? J.J. I. 1 r 1 f,
J. V a N CN t /1 Africa, he
Chief rvi Ttoli-n T,-,f.114,--y.c?-,i-? 4-0
offered his s?Irvice3 the GIS at Melilla after the Italian collapse
in 1943. In December 1944, he was reportedly working for the
GIS in Spain. His wife was German born and resided in Berlin
in 1944. COIVIELLI r;F:NA to allow her to Join hin-.4
0
in Spain.8
0
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Fnu DENAVAILLES
A French national and leader of the Doriot political party in
Morocco. He approached the GIS in Paris in January 1943 and
offered to participate in propaganda activities centered in
Tangier . 9
Elsadek Hassan BESBES
In 1943 he was chief of the "Office for North Africa" (at Berlin-
Zehlendorf-West, Goethe Strasse 33-35) which was sponsored by
the GFM.1?
Fnu FERRI-PISANI
A French agent who simultaneously worked for the GIS, for
Vichy France, and for the Allies in the Southern Morocco area
in 1944.11
Khaider AlvIMAR
Secretary general of the "La Partie du PeUple Algerienne",
an Arab political party in Paris. AMMAR's residence was do
Dr. Hafez IBRAHIM, 69 Rue de Prony, Paris 178. He was a
supporter of the Grand Mufti. In 1943 he was scheduled to travel
to Germany in the interests of the German Army. 12
Dr. (Phil) mu KHEMIRI
He was a lecturer at the University of Hamburg in May 1940.13
MAIZA ?CHERIF
A science student in Paris (22 Rue Verneuille) in 1942.14
Abdul Aziz MULAY
L"x-Sultan of French Mi-NrrIrrn. In 1943 he resided in Tangier
15
nnri was in contact with the GIS. He died in June 1943.
Prince MOHAMED
Brother of the Khalif of Spanish Morocco. He was a GIS
agent in 1942.16
.c1T)TIT_NfinT4 AM F. D
The Sultan of French Morocco, he was very pro-German and
anti-American. In 1943 he was in contact with the GIS tb which he
delivered military- and political information. 17
Ben Aleya OTHM.AN
A student of philology in Paris (40 Rue Boulanger) in 1942.18
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Fnu TORRES
An Arab nationalist leader in Tetuan who, in 1942., proposed to
the GFM the creation of a "Moroccan Committee" in Berlin. He
was in contact with SD agent fnu SCHMIEDOW. In January 1943, he
was reportedly in Madrid negotiating with Spanish authorities.19
Pierre VILAIN
A GIS agent who worked for the GIS "Group Recke" in Tetuan
in 1944.20
Hassan WAYATI
A student of physical culture in Paris (5 Rue des Carmes) in
1942., 21
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
77
398
58684
58696
212925
3
25
15776
15811
15748
4
398
212924
5
398
212924
6
7
0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
77
77
,1, 0, A
Le
58454
58589
77 58743
736 267188
267183
267189
267190
Dates
August 1943
June 1940
April 1941
June 1940
June 1940
June 1940
January 1943
April 1943
September 1943
December 1944
77 58441 January 1943
77
77
970
1037
4929
77
77
77
77
58801 December 1943
58813 January 1944
297900 January 1943
311034 May 1940
260855 April 1942
58372 November 1942
58449
58459
58460
58505
586464
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0
143
January 1943
February 1943
June 1943
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0
REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No.
Serial
Frame(s)
Dates
16
77
58371
November 1942
17
77
58444
through
58450
58469
58470
January 1943
77
58504
58496
58497
58498
February 1943
77
58714
August 1943
1R
19
20
21
4(1)9
"IL no c c
77
58296
77
58373
77
58456
0
Ikpril 1942
October 1941
November 1942
January 1943
955 300784 June 1944
4929 260855 April 1942
SECRET
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H. Palestine and Transjordan
1. Palestine was the original breeding ground of the Arab
nationalist movement. The activities of the "MASABI" Arab under-
ground_ organization almost ceased, however, after the flight of the
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and other Palestine insurgents to Iraq in
October 1939. Up to that time the following German nationals were
working in Palestine and Transjordan for the GIS: Enginer (fnu)
FRANK, Karl RUFF, Eugen FABER, and Herbert FABER .
2. There is no record of German agents within Palestine and
Transjordan after the war began; contacts with the Palestine Arab
nationalist movement were maintained from Baghdad by GIS agent
Osman Kemal HADDAD (alias Max MUELLER) and by the GIS base
in Beirut. In March 1941 the operational objectives of the GIS were
sabotage of power stations, oil pumping stations, industrial plants,
and water supplies; disruption of British supply lines in case of armed
British intervention in Iraq; and support of armed uprisings in Pales-
tine and Transjordan. For
this latter purpose the sabotage component
of the .Abwehr TI of the Abwehr supplied arms and ammuni
tion to the dissident Arabs2
3. The GFM files examined contain no record of GIS activities
within Palestine and Transjordan after the loss of the GIS bases in
Iraq and Syria in mid-1941. What assets were still intact after the
Allied occupation of the latter two countries were contacted via the
Grand Mufti through his Turkish-based agent net. When some of these
agents were compromised and arrested and a larger number expelled
in October 1943, GIS operations in Palestine and Transjordan came to
a standstill, for all practical purpos s
Reference IN?.
C` ? 1
lel I.
REFERENCES
? /
r
6531 487663
25 15765,
th(51
25 15757
SECRET
145
0
ate
April 194.1.
March 1941
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PALESTINIANS AND JORDANIANS WHO WERE AGENTS OF,
IN CONTACT WITH, OR OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST
TO, THE GIS
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SECRET
a
o
A member of the office of the Grand Mufti in Rome, he was
active ln the "Free Arab Radio" ("Ummat El Arabije") in Rome
in 19421.
Dr. Mohan-lined Subhi AlJu GANIMA.H, aka Dr. Abu GANIMA,
aka. Abu (THANIMA, aka Abu GHANAM1
GANIM.AH was born circa 1905. He was a physician from
T ran sior ci ni a The GIS assessed him as being intelligent and
a good worker with a sound understanding of European matters.
He was a member of the Pan-Arab secret organization, "EL
UIVIMAT ARABIYA". He was also a member of the Grand Mufti's
office in Berlin in charge of press matters and participated in
Radio Beri?.nrs Arab.: broadcasts He spoke good German2.
Abu IBRAHIM
He was a member ot the office of the Grand Mufti in Berlin
1942.3
Aziz KHAYAT
He was an ureent lied confidant of Karl RUFF, GIS agent in
Palestine in 1939 .
REDRI KEDAH
A member of the office of the Grand Mufti in Berlin, against
whom the GIS had an unspecified suspicion in 19425.
Rasiin el CHA.L1D1
wasHe Lorn ci rCii 1905 in Jerusalem. A dynamic personality,
wds poh!..tcally in:._rided and ambitiou.s, with good
know1eck2,e of European affairs. He spoke good English. In Pales-
tine he v,.-ent h rough d bitter politic:al struggle and acquired con-
siderable expe,ricnce. He vvas a member of the office of the Grand
Mufti. i7-1 .P.serlin in 1942 in charov, of propaganda matters, and the
GIS c.:(---nsic.1,-ir,JH him as cx eptmcnaUv talented for that type of
a c
Ishaq DERW1SCH?ika Isaak DERWISH, aka Ishak DERWICH, aka
Ishac DERWISH, aka Sak DERWISCH
1
1
He was born circa 1692. '11-ie brother in-law of the Grand
Mufti and his head agent in Istanbul in 1942, he was also one of
the most prominent GIS agents in Turkey.
In February 1942 he was in charge of funds for the financial
support of Arab natic.)n.abst refugees in Turkey These funds were
paid out to him by the chief of the GIS base in Istanbul, Capt. Dr.
Paul LEVERKUEHN. DERWISH's nephew ?was studying at the
Cairo University, and DERWISH supported him?through his contacts
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among tine. members of the Egyptian diplomatic mission in Turkey.
With the help of these contacts, Envoy ETTEL was able to deliver
a secret German message to King FAROUK in July 1942.
In September 1943, DERWISH was arrested by the Turkish
police for intelligence activities, but was released agYin on German
intervention and expelled from Turkey to Bulgaria in October 19437.
Musa el HUSSEINI
He was born circa 1911 and was a nephew of the Grand Mufti.
He studied for several years in England where he acquired a good
knowledge of European affairs. He spoke good English and some
-
German and was described as very alert and intelligent very
useful. in propaganda work. Certain Iraqis suspected that HUSSEINI
was sympathetic to the British hut the Grand Mufti refused to believe
this and assigned HUSSEINI to his office in Berlin after HUSSEINI
1.kras expelled from Turkey in February 1942. In October 1942,
HUSSEINI was dispatched by the Grand Mufti on a mission to Paris
to contact Arab refugees and students there?.
Safwat el HUSSEINI, aka Sanvet Lii HUSSEINI, aka Safuat el HUSSENI
He was born circa 1901 and was a nephew of the Grand Mufti and
one of the latter's most trusted co-operators. He was a member of
the office of the Grand Mufti in charge of police and security matters
in 1942. He was also in contact with the SD and travelled in this
capacity to Italy, Serbia and Greece9.
Salim el HUSSEINI, aka S'alirn HUSSEINI
A relative of the Grand Mufti and a member of the office of the
Grand Mufti in Rome, he was active in the secret "Free Arab Radio"
station in Rome in 1942--
Said Emin el HUSSEINI, Alias. "MUSTA_FA", aka Sejid. Amin el
HUSSEINI, aka Einin el HUSSEINI, aka Haj Emin el HUSSEINI
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and the spiritual and political
Arab nationalist leader. According to documents under study,
HUSSEINI, prior to 1937, had been a British appointed police officer
in Jerusalem, subsequently to become, again through British
assistance, the Grand Mufti. of Jerusalem
1
mittee.
tion to his religious rank he was, after 1933, the leader of the
of the All Moslem Conference, and founder of the Pan-Arab Com-
became leader of the Pan-Arab nationalist movement. In addi-
tion
Pan-Arab organization "EL UMMAIL ARABIYA", president
escaped to Baghdad, disguised as a woman? In Baghdad, he
. .
In 1937 he was jailed by the British. In October 1939, he
In October 1940 he was in close contact with GROBBA.. In
January 1941 he sent his personal secretary, TOWFIK ALI, to
negotiate an Arab-ererman alliance.? He had worked for the .
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T trugh cut. out SAID-OSMAN-
KEMEL HADDAD, alias Max MUELLER.
in April 1941 s one of the chief organizers of the Iraqi
coup. JA.ic:r c.,ccupaLion 01 iraq,
he fled to
??-? LA ? A 441
then went .1:i Turkey o Berlin where he arrived in November 1941.
:-.1sh influence in the Near East and
of a German-sponsored, independent
"Greater Arabia". fit ;Isst:?,-.-nhitd a. group of young, able Arabs
ilcd "0.1 M:ifti", and they carried out, under his
super si an, 1:?,c pol_ca.!., military and propaganda tasks.
This work , ".ed f:_orri Italy, where the Italian-supported
"Arab 6_ , Arab broadcasting station.
1-11-iSSF:INf s the AXa s as one of their top level
S S tEt t S . C1 CIL!.
t.ss to Lop level officials. His personal
acquai.ntan,:c Arib chir4nitares such as 1bn SAUD and the BEY
of TUN:iiS, was explo-.ted by -CY:c. GIS. Further accounts of his
actIvities are !..:.sted 7.n VariCdS chapters of this study41
Dr. fnu NA.SHASHIBI.;:.
A ' ? S.? -vers,,:y of Vienna iri 194012.
Dr. frk LF'..-;"v1
A ? U dvers7-i_ty of Vienna in 194013.
Sheik} H
111 ! '\,. :-.4... S , (
SIIV --)..r.(.1 :: ?_ a- "1 i '..1 r (:-
.,
.i.a.'w..'=.). a y...,.-I i i- -.x., .t.... .21
a
190.7,_He \N-as reserved and
'f Koran ar.d MUS1.1.1T1 religious
17: CI of .Arat) . He spoke no other
t ? (.7;iind N41.2.ft s person-r-11 friend and
of 0.2
1 1 r
fl
-7(44,
; 4
_ 0 171 -t V V t' S . Fie .,oin.c.d the
Kt
-111 Februarv 1942 after being
S_EID OSMAN- KL,,M.A1 "It...vf-;.k A. SHAKIk, aka
T Ow
1 I\1-J:, (ar N/1: MUELLER
s
He s &led
SOrrie E:14,1!. Si' . TIC
,
Pale sti.ne tDut of Iraqi
spoke FreniTh, German and
pl-ovate secretary of the Grand
Mufti before World \k,r,-.!- capac;..ty he maintained
contact w:11-1-i the (21,1S bef,..-)re nd alter the outoreak of the war.
vs ted Germany in August
October q A Cl a IT d g ri? in February-March 1941 and negotiated
with the GIS on p eparations for the Iraqi coup. Both he and
the Grand Mu1 were at that time in Baghdad, and
maintained wit't contact with_ the CTJ.S headquarters in Berlin.
The GIS was aware of s contact with the Arab personalities
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a
of Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and fully
recognized his value as a potential agent.
HADDAD took a leading part in the preparations and execution
of the Iraqi coup in April-May 1941, and consequently had to leave
the country. In August 1941, he was reported to be in Teheran.
Since that time, there is no record of his whereabouts in GFM files
examined15.
Abdullatif SULKIFL
A member of the office of the Grand Mufti in Berlin in 1942.
On behalf of the German Army, he travelled to Italy on an undis-
closed mission in January 194316,
W_ASSTF-KEMAL
A member of the office of the Grand Mufti in Berlin, which
he joined in 1942 after being expelled from Turkey for intelligence
activities17.
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1
1
1
1
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Reference No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
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Serial (for names)
Frame(s) Date
I
REFERENCES
930 298035 November 1942
4929 261630 May 1942
I
4929 260293 April 1942
4929 260293
1155 325919 April 1942
January 1942
4 re -t rt
260748,
260763 March 1942
4929 2.61281 October 1942
.. .
4929
4929
118
930
25 ? ,
k ?
4 ' ' 4.,
297918
15508
297989,
297916,
260293
260293
67498
,.
December 1942
August 1942
April 1942
April 1942
...
II
. ? 930
, 297990 November 1942
Aug,t,ipt 1939
930 297914 August 1942
4929 ,260621,
930 298010 September 1942
25 15508 August 1942
I
2:60570 February 1942
4929 260696,
. 260762 . March 1942
4
? 4929 260292 April 1942
41 28421 June 1942
4929 261111,
261113,
261119,
261120
41 28422
930 298093,
298108 February 1943
930 298100 September 1943
930 298086,
298067,
298089,
298090,
298093,
298097 October 1943
July 1942
July 1942
4929 260570,
260580,
260590,
260600 Feburary 1942
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0
151
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Reference No.
9
10
11
12
13
0
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Serial Frame(s)
4929
4929
25
930
4929
4929
25
4929
4929
138
4929
930
54
4929
41
41
25
1155
1155
5127
54
zl
4929
4929
41
4929
4929
4929
4929
930
77
1037
1037
260923
261630
15508
298066
261299,
261301,
261305,
261309
Date
April 1942
May 1942
August 1942
October 1942
October 1942
260923 April 1942
28543 October 1942
260773,
260776,
260804 March 1942
261630 March 1942
76606 March 1942
260293
297981
36675
261164
28181
28170,
28171
15804
32598.8
32 5915
295867
36795
28202
260832
1-01...WLJ_JJ
28436
261180,
April 1942
December 1942
October 1940
March 1941
March 1941
January 1941
April 1941
May 1941
August 1941
October 1941
November 1941
November 1941
March 1942
April 1942
July 1942
261228 August 1942
261247
261283,
261288,
261315,
261295,
261296,
2 61297
1(14-)
i7ze,
261342 November 1942
297908 January 1943
58451 January 1943
September 1942
311028
31128
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'152
May 1940
May 1942
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14
15
16
17
4929
4929
4929
25
54
1155
1155
1155
4929
930
930
4929
4929
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
260570,
260580,
260590
260923
261630
15776,
15804
36675
325975
325913,
329914
325947
260769
297981
298054
260570,
260580,
260590,
260600
261630,
261027
Date
February 1942
April 1942
May 1942
April 1941
August 1940
April 1941
August 1941
September 1941
March 1942
December 1942
January 1943
February 1942
May 1942
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1.
Syria and Lebanon
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1. In Syria and Lebanon the GIS profited from the long struggle
of the peoples of those countries for independence and from (by Near
East standards) the large proportion of intellectuals. The GIS found
it relatively easy to recruit Syrian and Lebanese nationalist leaders
residing in their country or in exile. Before the war and up to August
1941, when the Free French forces occupied Syria, the following per-
sons were active as GIS agents in the area:
Johann R. MERKLIN
Max von OPPENHEIM
Adil el AZME
Nebih el AZME
Adil ARSLAN
Chekib ARSLAN
Ernin ARSLAN
Dr,. Karim. AZKOUL
Shukri el KUWETLI
Sakaria HASHEMI
Arnir Chekib ARSLAN, the exiled Druse tribal chief residing in Geneva,
through his numerous contacts, directed the Arab nationalist movement
in Syria. Adil el AZME was reported in the summer of 1939 to be head-
ing the underground nationalist movement in Damascus.
After the fall of France, Germany had free access to Syria
and Lebanon and consequently the GIS used bases in these countries for
launching operations into Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt. The base in
Beirut, headed by Captain Rudolf ROSER, included Abwehr I as
well as Abwehr II components. Paula KOCH, an employee
of the Swiss Consulate in Beirut, served as cut-out between the GIS
and some of its agents in Egypt. In April 1941, W. O. von HENTIG
arrived in Beirut ostensibly as a member of the Italian Armistice
Control Commission, but actually to approach Syrian political leaders
and through them establish contact with nationalists in Iraq. He
brought with him w/t equipment for direct communications with
Berlin. Von HENTIG succeeded in establishing contact with the Iraqi
Government learipi-Q and
with th Te GILD principal agent in Baghdad,
Osman Kemal HADDAD. In addition, von HENTIG conferred with
Syrian leaders Emir Adil ARSLAN, Haschirn Bel el .ATASST, and
Shukri el KUWETLI. The latter, a contact of the Grand Mufti's had
agreed to work for the GIS one month before von HENTIG's arrival.
About the same time Nach'at el MARTINI, a journalist from Aleppo,
Italy and Raschid BARBIER, the DNB (Deutsches Nachrichten-Buero
German News Agency) correspondent in Beirut, were recruited by
the
, Tn MA y 1Q414
Britt s-h rniliiary action began in Iraq, the
Germans used Syria as a base for providing military and intelligence
support to Iraq. Dr. (fnu) R.AHN, a GFM Arab expert, flew to Beirut
from his post in Paris to supervise deliveries of arms to Iraq. This
assistance had only begun when the Iraqi Army collapsed (and shortly
thereafter the Allies attacked and occupied Syria). Many GIS agents
and pro-German Syrian leaders were forced to flee the country. Most
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0
of them were afforded political asylurri' in Turkey; some of these were
later selected to go to Germany where they worked with various elements
of the German armed forces, or participated in propa?anda activities,
or joined the Grand Mufti/GHAILANI groups in Berlin'.
4. According to Chekib ARSLAN's estimates, approximately
200 Syrian intellectuals fled Syria because of their pro-German
activities. Through the refugee group in Turkey, contact with the
Syrian and Lebanese nationalist movement was maintained3
5. In the summer of 1942, additional plans were made to
effect penetrations of Syria from bases in Egypt. To recruit
qualified Syrians for these intelligence and propaganda activities
the Grand Mufti initiated two recruitment drives among Syrian
students in Paris in April and in October 19424.
6. No records have been found in GFM files examined to
date of the Syrian operations which the GIS conducted from Turkey.
It is probable that they ended in October 1943 when a large group
of GIS Arab agents was expelled from Turkey5.
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3
4
5
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REFERE?NCES
(for text)
Serial Frame(s)
1155
326016
25
15765
1155
325975,
325913
25
15751
Date
July 1940
April 1941
April 1941
April 1941
792 272813 May 1941
1155 325927,
325952
September 1941
4929 260855,
260858 April 1942
4929 261026 May 1942
930 298066 October 1942
61 41676
930 298087
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156
October 1943
October 1943
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0
0 0
SYRIANS AND LEBANESE WHO WERE AGENTS OF, IN
CONTACT WITH, OR OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST
TO, THE GIS
0 0
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157
a
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Daccak ABDELRAHMEN
A Syrian from Damascus who was a veterinary
(31 Rue de Vauginard) in 19421
"ABDIN-BEY"
-.-
A student of journalism at the Univerisity of Berlin in May lyziu2 .
Bacet ALAMI
A science student in Paris (1 Rue des Ecoles) in 19423.
Frame ALU
A Syrian Arab from Damascus and a Christian. In 1942 he was
a philology student in Paris (37 Rue des E'Coles). He Nkrs a supporter
of General De GAULLE4.
Emir Adil ARSLAN, aka Emir Adel ARSLAN, @ GALIB
He was the younger brother of Emir Chekib ARSLAN, the Syrian
Druse leader. He lived in Beirut until August 1942, when he fled before
the British forces occupied Syria. He was one of the first diplomats
of independent Syria abroad (in Ankara and later in Paris). He spoke
French and English, He was in contact with GIS agents Paula KOCH
and Capt. Rudolf ROSER in Beirut and also met Envoy von HENTIG on
his special mission in Syria in April 1941. In Istanbul, after his
escape from Syria, he was in contact with the nis base there, but
was not included among the GIS Arab agents who were expelled from
Turkey in October 19435.
Emir Chekib ARSLAN, aka Schekib AR.SLAN,@ ABUGALIB, a-i) Emir
DJELIL
He was born on 5 December 1869 in Syria and was head of the
ARSLAN family which ruled the Druse tribe in Syria. One of the
most prominent Arab nationalist leaders in post world war (World
War One) period, he was reported by Max von OPPENHEIM to be
the best brain among the Arab nationalist leaders of that period.
After World War One, Emir Chekib ARSLAN lived in exile in
Geneva with his wife and son, Galib. He was strongly pro-German
and worked for the GTS prior to World War Two and was financially
supported by the GFM, and then by the Grand Mufti from GIS funds.
In 1941 in Geneva he was editing the "Arab Nation" ("La Nation
Arabe"), an Arab nationalist revue financiallv supported by the
Germans. He was in touch with an unidentified SD agent in Geneva)
and was active for the GIS as advisor, spotter and as a cut-out
with Arab and Moslem leadel-s. Among his contacts were King
Ibn SAUD, the Grand Mufti, ex-Khedive of Egypt Abbas HILMI,
Shukrio el KUWATLY, Azziz IZZET-PASCHA, MURAD-PASCHA,
Fouad SELIM-PASCHA and many other Ar.d..b and Moslem leaders
in Europe, the Near East, the Balkans, North Africa, and the
Western Hemisphere. He also maintained contacts with national
leaders from Caucasus, both Moslem and Christian.
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Envoy von HENTIG visited him in Geneva in 1941, as
Emir ARSLAN was unable to leave Switzerland without loosing
his re-entry right.
Emir Chekib ARSLAN was a member of the honorary Council
of Elders of the "Central Islamic Institute" in Berlin since its
foundation in 1942. He owned a house in Berlin and lived there
for a time prior to World War Two. During World War Two the
GFM enabled him to transfer some of his funds from Germany to
his financial trustees, "SOCIETE FUHRIvIANN", in Amsterdam.
ARSLAN's other activities included the writing of Arab
propaganda pamphlets for GIS use in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine.
He also tried to influence Arabs in the USA not to join the U.S.
Armed Forces6.
Emir Emin ARSLAN
The son of Emir Mustafa ARSLAN and a cousin of the Syrian
Druse leader, Emir Chekib ARSLAN, he left Syria during the
Allied occupation of that country in 1941, and went in exile to
Istanbul. He intended eventually to join Emir Chekib ARSLAN in
Switzerland. In February 1942 he was in GHAILANI's pay. At
first payments to him were transmitted by Kamel el GHAILANI,
and after the latter's departure from Turkey, transmittal of
payments was effected by Capt. Dr. Paul LEVERKUEHN, chief
of the GIS base in Istanbul",
a
Emir Galib ARSLAN
The son of Emir Chekib ARSLAN, Druse leader from Syria
Two.
he lived with his father 1;a Geneva during World War
Moufid ATASSE
4,9
student phi tolor in Paris (42 Rue Bernardin) in 194z,? .
Rafate A'r ASS1
A Syrian from Horns, who was a student of philology in
Paris (42 Rue Bernardin) in April 194210.
Haschirn Bel el AT ASSI
A Syrian nationalist leader, who was in contact with Envoy
von HENTIG during the latter's mission in Syria in April 194111.
Djelal AU_F
Correspondent of the "Arab News Agency" (GIS-sponsored)
in Ankara. In 1942 he was selected for liaison duty between the
GIS and the Turkish press12.
Adel AWA
A. Syrian student of philology n Paris (33 Rue des Ecoles) in
19421i.
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Emir All Abdul AZIS
in iRaris w ho was a French collaborator for
many years. In April 1942, he contacted the German Embassy in
Paris and volunteered to go, together with about 70 Syrian students
:n Paris, to partiLipatc in reconstruction work in the Near East
(after the expected German victory in the North African campaign).
The Grand Mufti and GFIAILANI did not know himpersonally and
denied his professed rIght to speak in the name of Syrian students in
A
C1 1 1 0
Dr. Karim AZKOUL
Former seu rt:tarv of GIS agent Max von OPPENHEIM in
Syria in 1939 OPPENHE M wrote him a letter in June 1941,
presumably with the inten Ion of bringing him in contact with
the GISL5
Adil el A/ME, aka 1-/W 1 ASMA, aka Adel Bey AZME, aka Adil ASMA,
aka Adil ADMA
A S.i'r.;an nation-i1 _;_eader, reported to have directed subversive
activities in Damascus in August 1939. In September
1941, he and.
his brother, Neb-1.11 el AZME, took part in the GIS-sponsored con-
ference of Arab natIotilaii.st leaders in Istanbul. The AZME brothers
were in contact, with the GIS base in Istanbul and were paid from
funds provIded by the GS. In October 1943, Capt. Dr. Paul
LEVERKUEHN, chief of t.}.-ie GIS base in Istanbul, reported that
the AZME brothers were not affected by the, Turkish expulsion
lb
orders duain_Q- gents in ,sarioui.
Nebih el AZME,
A Sy 1-1Liri 11.r1t on :ILL s*..
it_cit'r and brother of Adil AZME, he was
a GIS agez-?1. Lng exiie in 1942. In October 1943, he
wa s not. !.-t-,e Turkish c-,p.11sion order against GIS Arab
7
agen4.si.
Mohammed Cbd re.ddir Ela BA. ARAI'.
A S\ ran tr0:11 D.;_it11,3 S CU S who was d graduate engineer in Paris
(60 Ruet. Ancir dts Arts) n
i942
Michel BALOUSE
A Sy rian of (T. r s. from Damascus who was a student
of s (:-.1 ce Pa r
Z7 Rue-r` I \ 1 cl 1_04 2, was 4-
c 1 1 1 1 1 1 C;
recipient of from the French Government19.
Abid BARAKAT
A student in Paris
Rue des Ca.rmes) in 19422 0
Raschid BARBIER, ai-ca Rasc.had BARB1R
A DNB (German nev.e's agenc.-y) correspondent, formerly active in
Beirut. In July 1941 he travelled on an undisclosed GIS mission to
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Amok.
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Tehet-an, where he was to stay under DNB cover and report to GIS
agent "KAST01-." L-.1. Ankara.
In February 1942, he was expelled from Turkey because of his
intelligence activiIle.s and went to Sofia' .
Dr. Hazzi BECHARA
A syrlaz of Christian faith from Damascus who was a veterinary
in Paris (60 Rue de Seine) in 194222.
Zaidar BITAR
A Leb.inese from Beirut who was a student of philology in
Paris (62 Rue Reynault) in 1940 He married a French woman
during that year23.
Rail BOUKHARI
A Syrian from Aleppo who was a student of science in Paris
(5 Rue des Carmes) in 94224.
Mahmud BOUR..A.K
A student in Berlin in October 1942, who assisted the office
of the Grand ML:ft-,.. He is possibly identical with Mahmud Emir
el BU R AK2')
Mahmud Emir el BURAK
A Sy rar, was speaker in the Arab section of the Athens
radio in OCtO194
He is possibly identical with Mahmud
BOURAN.'
Mu staphi CH ECH
A -:?neml- er of 17,111.-riiscus Academy of Science and a known
f? t? L.' I. a LcYper t. He be:2;_ime Finance Minister in the
Government of Premier Djemil ELCIII
.1 ii
January 1943. He was
considered a re able Ar(3.1) natIonaiist, and Syrian GIS agents in
Berlin p}anucd 1-r1m2 ?
Dr . n U DAHABT,
A si.udent of rriedi,:ine at the Univerisity of Berlin in 194028.
Dr. Sheikh Marout DAOUALII31, aka Sheikh Ma'Ruf DAULABI,
aka Ma.renf IDAWAL::-:Rh aka DAWAI,THI, aka Marouf DAOILABI
A from Aleppo who was a professor of Moslem law in
Paris (79 Rue des Pliintes) and a co-founder and chairman of the
Association of Arab Students in Paris "Association des Etudiants
Arab" in 1942. In 19-i3 the Grand Mufti asked him to come to
Berlin tc) take part in Arab propaganda actiN.9it1es. In April 1943
he travelled to SwYtzcri.and. And back presumably on a visit to
Em iP Adil ARSLAN in Geneva29.
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Abdel Aziz DISM-A,NE
A student in Paris (42 Rue Bernardin) in 1942, he was the
recipient of a from the French Government30
.
Dr. Farhan DJAND-A.LI, aka Dr. JENDELI, aka Dr. DJENDELI,
aka Dr DN_A_ND _A-LI, aka Dr. JANDA.LiY, aka Dr. GENDELI,
(a)- Dr. SCHM-TDT
A Syrian from Horns who was a secretary of the Grand Mufti
in Berlin i 1942, he represented the Mufti at the European Youth
Congress in Vienna in 1942. In October 1942 the Grand Mufti sent
him to Paris to contact the local Arabs, He was a member of the
Pan-Ar secret
Dr. fnu DJASSEM
A
"HAMUI"
Hekrnat
org.-inizal.lon, "EL UMMAT ARABIYA1
student of medicine at the Umverisity of Berlin in 194032.
A studc-rt of chemistry at the University of Berlin in 1940.33
A Syrld.n from Damascus who was a student of philology in
Paris (1 Rue des Ecn'es) in 1942_54.
Sakaria HASCH.T_Mi, a a_ Sa.karia HASHEMT
He was bor-7 c lb and studied medicine in Berlin (SW 61,
WilTrisst...,s,-26, c/o fnu PENKUHN). He was a Syrian nationalist,
and be r eT,Urne_ci before World War Two in order to get
military tr,-]in?Ing so tl-..at he rrr.g1-?-it serve as an instructor among
. 35
Arab nation:-:ilists ? Sy ra.
"HASCHM:'
A ?eeturer (At Ye University ol Berlin in 194036.
Jahr el HERUF
A GIS i.4t_ D.7.rnascus who was in contact with the Italian
LegatIcn in Sv r.a
Echss.irie JOKADOR
A Sv ri;ir. from Darnasus who was a student of law in Paris
r , n q 4 ) (") ?
2
I \ C.:
fnu K L_AN
A Syri n student at the University of Berlin an 194039.
Macharka KAM?A1_,
A Syrian from Horns who was a student of science in Paris
(71 Blvd. Porilatowsky)%n 1942.4?
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eS EeC R E T
Jafi KARRIME
A Syrian from Horns who was a student of science in Paris
(48 RIvri Port Ro') in .i94-)41.
Schukri el KUWETLI-BEY, aka Chukri QUOUATLI
Former Syr!;-_-in Finance and Foreign Minister, he was an agent
of the Grand Mufti. The Mufti placed him at the disposal of the GIS
in March 1941 GIS agent Osman Kemal HADDAD, returning from
a visit to Berlin in March 1941, transmitted instructions to KUWELTI-BEY
regarding CT.Iq tasks he was to accomplish in Damascus. In May 1941
during the 'Iraqi cou, KUWETLI was in contact with Envoy von
HENTIG, cvho wa.; ?ria on a special GIS mission4.2
el KU /IBAR.L 3.1-c?3.
He was ti,rst reported as a student of agriculture at the
Univerlsitv c.4 Berlin in May 1940, then as a graduate engineer
of agriculture in Paris (19 Rue Momy) in 1942. In April 1942
the Grand Mufti asked KUSBARI to come to Germany toea:ssist
in Arab propig.7.:-.inda activ?.t1es43.
Helrni LAHAM
ASv rn furn Dcirnascus who was a student of law in Paris
(42 Rue Be r n r 'Ln 194244.
1)n T_I Y..' (-1 T C.7
11 1 I 14 L LVI ki 1 .1: %-.1
A Syr ,,V__ppo who was a student of the physical culture
in Par., s 4,1.. Rue Bernd rthn) in 194245.
Kinanii MA MOUN
A Syr:-.7..tr on Dr ma( who was a student of science in
46
Parls Rue. Lu s -
N a , '1ARTTNi
A c ni s n Aleppo who offered his services to the Germans
and wd.s rc.,:rui_t_,::d tor the GIS through cut-out Paula KOCH in
B e, rut.. jrt A p r 1,4" 47
izzethric MESSR
A Svri. from Aleppo who was a student of mt.'.'dicine in Paris
48.
Rut-' cies E.c flies) 1942
Dr. fnu MHKE
A Syrian from Dama scus who was a student of science in
Parls (33 Rue Linne) in 1942. He was the recipient of a scholar-
ship from the French Government49.
?
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mu MOUSSLY
SECRET
A raduate engineer who was a student at the University of Berlin
iii
1940D
"MULLA"
A student at the Univerisity of Berlin in May 194051.
Catabi NASSEF
A Syrian from Damascus who was a student of philology in
Paris (60 Rue St. Jacques) in 194252.
Hakim OMAR
A Syrian from Damascus who was a student of science in
Paris_ (29 Rue Pierre Nicole), He married a French woman in
194253.
Anoir Ibrahim PASCHA
'A student in Paris (42 Rue Bernardin) who was called by the
Grand Mufti_ to Berlin to take part in A:ab propaganda activities in
1942.54
"RASCH-ID"
A Sy pc3..1,:e commissioner in Athens (presumably in Cap
Sunion carrip. In July 1941 the GIS base in Istanbul requested that
he be sent to Turkey to assist in GIS operations55.
Abdel C. n. RIDA, aka Abdel G11-Ani RIDA, aka Abd el Ghamun RIDA
son of Ernr Cheicib 4',RSLAN's friend, Syrian chieftan
Krachid RIDA. He was recommended by Emir ARSLAN as being
educated, and qua;,fied to assist the Berlin Radio in its
Arabic broadcasts. As a result ht went to Berlin from Madrid,
where he was aving at the beginning of War id War Two. He was
also ;.n contact with the GIS agent, Max von OPPENHEIM. In May
1042IUDA was proposed to head the Arab Section of Radio Athens56 .
D r. SADAK.A
A Lebanese Arab of Christian faith who was a law student in
Pars Rue des E'coles) in 1942. He was reported to be- pro-British
57
;his rocin ent of a scholarship from the French Government .
Abdul Karlm SAFI
A Syrian from Hams who was a student of philology in Paris
e de Carmes) in 194258 .
Dr. Karml S.ALEH
A Lebanese from Bcirut who tvas a veterinary student in Paris
'60 Rue de Seine) in 1942.
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Assad SCHALAB
A student of medicine in Paris (42 Rue Bernardin) in 194260.
Mahmud TAMIMI
A student in Berlin who co-operated with the office of the
Grand Mufti in 194261.
Afif el TIBI, aka AFIFTIBI
A member of the office zif GHAILANI in Berlin and head of the
"Arab News Agency" in 1942 2
Izate TRABELASSI, aka Izat el TRABULUSSI
A Syrian from Damascus who was a student of law in Paris
(11 Rue des Ecoles). In May 1942, the Grand Mufti asked him to
come to Germany to assist in Arab propaganda activities63.
fnu YUNDI
A student at the University of Berlin in 194064.
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Reference No.
Serial
1
4929
1037
3
4929
4
4929
5
1135
6
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
260855 April 1942
311025 May 1940
260855 April 1942
260855 April 1942
323936 September 1941
15776,
15797 April 1941
4929 260687,
298022 November 1942
930 298090 October 1943
4929 260966 April 1942
1155 325913,
325914
1155 325952
1155 326002,
326008,
326011,
325975,
325603,
325986,
325987
25 15750,
15776,
15798
1155 325966,
-i25973
1155 325914,
325915,
325963
1155 325946,
325943,
32.5947,
325952
1155 32592.9,
325933
1155 3.75974
1155 325921
1155 325979
25 15367,
15369
1155 325919
25 15368,
15369
930 298013
SECRET
?
166
August 1941
September 1941
April 1941
April 1941
June 1941
August 1941
September 194-1
October 1941
November 1941
December 1941
May 1941
October 1942
January 1942
October 1942
August 1942
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1
1
1
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Reference No
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23.
Serial
?
1155
49-29
930
1155
4929
4929
1155
25
4929
492_9
4929
930
1155
823
1155
4929
930
930
25
930
930
4929
4929
4929
5127
4929
S r" R
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frarne(s)
325933
260687
2.98090
325947
260855
260855
325975
15387
260854
260858
261027
298066
325971
279634
323936
261188
298089,
298890
298002
15615
298002
298089,
298090
260854
260855
260855
295861
260590,
Date
October 1941
February 1942
October 1943
September 1941
April 1942
April 1942
April 1941
October 1942
April 1942
April 1942
May 1942
October 1942
June 1941
August 1939
September 1941
August 1942
October 1943
November 1943
June 1942
November 1943
October 1942
April 1942
April 1942
April 1942
July 1941
L.ourouu
.P-sphrilary 1942
61
40328
February 1942
4929
260855
April 1942
1037
211025
May 1940
8
SECRET
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Ref erenc
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
e No. Serial Frame(s) Date
4929 260855 April 1942
930 2 98008 October 1942
25 15369 October 1942
930 297915 January 1943
1037 311025 May 1940
4929 260854 April 1942
930 298066 October 1942
4929 261026 April 1942
4929 261277 September 1942
930 297900 January 1943
4929 260855 April 1942
138 76606 March 1942
930 297914 August 1942
4929 260293 April 1942
25 15369 October 1942
930 298066 October 1942
930 297913 December 1942
1037 31102.5 May 1940
1037 311025 May 1940
4929 260854 April 1942
25 15776,
15801 April 1941
1037 311025 May 1940
823 279633 August 1939
4929 2.60854 April 1942
1037 311025 May 1940
492.9 260855 April 1942
4929 2.60855 April 1942
42 7s
....._, 15776,
1155 15779 April 1941
325913 August 1941
I
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Reference No. Serial
43 1037
0")
L.. 7
4929
44 4929
45 4929
46 4929
47 2.5
48
49
50
51
4929
53 4929
54 4929
4929
55 _5127
56 1155
57 4929
58 4929
59 4929
60 4929
61 930
4929
4929
1037
1037
62 4929
492,9
930
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
311025 May 1940
260854 April 1942
261026 April 1942
260854 April 1942
260854 April 1942
260854 April 1942
15776,
15800
7.61)84
260854
31102 5
311025
260855
- 2 6 0 8 5 4
260855
261826
-)(-)(24.1
7.Jui..)1
325952
15636
260854 A_ p -r 1 1942
260854 April 1942
260854 April 1942
260855 April 1942
298008 October 1942
260579 February 1.942
260918)
260921 April 1942
297982,
297984 December 1942 ?
April 1941
April 1947
April 1942
May 1940
May 1940
April 1942
April 1942
April 1942
April 1942
July 1941
September 1941
May 1942
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I Reference No. qAri21 ? SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) a Date
1
I .411 63
4929
1037 260854
April 1942
4929 261026
May 1942
64 311025
May 1940
1
I
I
I I
I.
I
I
I
?
I
SECRET
17n I
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EC RET
J
?
1 Although the Turkish Government was not unfavorably dis-
posed toward the Western Allies, two conditions favored GIS operations
in Turkey during World War II. One was the good relations which
existed between Turkish and German military leaders; the other was
the mutual desire to eliminate the threat posed by the Soviet Union.
Because of the Turkish attitude toward the USSR, the Turkish Govern-
ment not only permitted the GIS to conduct anti-Soviet operations from
Turkey, but also afforded a degree of cooperation in intelligence
efforts.
MINIS
?
2.
As d (_ase in point- In August 1942 the Secretary General
of the Turk,ish For Ministry, Numan Rifaat MENEMENCIOGLU*
submitted intelligence information on the Soviet Union to German
Arnbassa.dor, Franz von _PAPEN together with a request for reci-
procal arrangements. In January 1943, (fnu) PEPEYI and (fnu)
KORKUT, both high-ranking Turkish intelligence officers, made an
official trip to Germany to discuss anti. Russian operations. r2'his
was followed in June 1943 by an invitat?on from the Turkish Chief
of Military Intelligence, Naci PERKEL, to Walter SCHELLENBERG,
one of the top German intelligence officers, to come to Ankara for
secret talks in whic:h PERKEL's deputy, Kemal GUECSAV, wculd
also participate.
PERKEL accompanied his invitation with a request
to SCHELLENBERG to use his influence to obtain the release of
Saffet Lutfi TOZAN, a Turkish espionage agent who had been arre3 ed
in Hungary in April 1943 and. senLenced to 12 years imprisonment.
TO/AN was allegedly a relaLve of a Turkish member of parliament
and of (Intl) OEGEL, the founder of the modern Turkish Intelligence
r(,?()I-ci of the outcome of SCHELLENBERG's
visit, but dfter June 1,943 Security Service (SD) officer Ludwig
MOY ZISCH of 'CICERO" ?mu, maintained regular liaison with
the Turkish Intelligen.,:e Service and received military and political
information which extended beyond the specific Soviet target. This
cooperation was revealed by Dr. Erich VERMEHREN, a member
of the Abwehr base in Istanbul, on his defection to the Allies in
Fotrudry 1944, causing not only- great consternation in GIS circles,
but the )t-or.-ript lodging of a protest by the Soviet Government with
the Turks. The subsequent jockeying for a strong clandestine
services bargaining position caused the GIS to arrest two Turkish
agents, Ziya. Huesnue SAV in Vichy and Nerin Enrullah GUEN.
The agents were working in Burl:apes', as
\
.n.gCriu e Anatole
spondents. Probably in retriLut1on2' the Turks a rret-orl
Cierri-lau tiona1s n Turkey. The arrests had a decided cooling
c or re
off effect in Turklsh-C;ermar... cooperat-ion in intelligence matter s2
in September 1942 it was alleged that MEN.EME.NCIOCTLUE was a
drug addict and an alcholic. (See frame 78309; Serial 138.)
Analysts' assumptien.
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4. .A.11 a I or'.
to keep a wa
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Turk:sh Security Service attempted
a:tivities and operations in Turkey and
sometimes took cor1 when i detected GIS efforts against "off-limits"
(i.e. non-Soviet) targets. in April 1941, for example, the Turks
rounded up a GIS a J,t.:,nt net ,...'hit21-1 was apparently engaged in operations
against Allied sl-ippint2, from Greek and Turkish ports. Later in
1942 and 1943, ct number of GIS Arab agents who had become involved
in internal Turk,sk afta i-s, were e:ther expelled or detained in
camps in Ana.tol,a
1-.-z,y4 4,
:erma7i personnel working for the GIS in
Turkey total( r=-.1 EA) tit.. 36 to 40 ofEcials, comprising personnel of the
SD), the German Main Security Office
(RSHA.), the. NSDAP Or,;_)r.,?.-zatior., of Germans Abroad (NSDAP Auslands-
Organizat)en ? AOL rd a few officials on detached service from other
agencies. The n.oriii.ni1.1._ Yttfad O r Senor Representative) of the GIS in
Turkey bet,w,_-?(., rayid '943 \IN, SVice - Adm) ral Rolf von XA A 1.)11/TT
v v &
under cover as )n Istanbul. His principal assistants
were:
U.
Cc,1 Sr'HULZE. BERNETT, Assistant Military
Attache and CLIS Base Chief, Ankara;
apt;iin 11)1-.) PaLd LEVERKUEHN, Assistant Military
Attache and (21......S Base Chief, Istanbul;
Dr. Ha.s ROEMER, Consular Secretary and GIS Base
Alexanfiretta (ilskunderun);
d. Her.-nan.r, von SPERL, Consular Officer and presumably
Fase Chef, Adana;
e:. Kurt_ -;(:)n HUEBMERSHOFEN-WASSER, Vice-Consul and
pre sun ciS tasu Lief, r;
T;m:n-las LEWIN, Consular Secretary and GIS
U. ?T'
1 Ilk
t t ,:e r
11121.1. ?,
r ) Atf red 'MORAN,
1st an
? r ?*.frl.ed SCHENKER ANGERER, Assistant Air
d CIS Offccr, istar.bu).:
Ri2dc ROSER, As to the Air
Officer, Tstanbul;
.LAIdws.gMO Z-(SCH, Corramercial Attache and Chief of
sp or Turk v , t Ankara;
}'uru WOLF, aka 'WOLFF, Vice Consul and RSFIA
Off ;!t I St
Assistant Air Attache and
t,es Turkey N.x.,(re headed by Viktor FRIEDE
under cover of 'Rnprescr,?,-*: ve of German NationalsTM. FRIEDE organ-
ized his ()wn
1 Z a t TA S e
qua r*.el s
von PAP EN requested I-
with hi n-14.
nu and
?. r :nar
direct w/t contact with his organ-
In ?Turn: 1942, however, Ambassador
TJ to e r C 1.1 e of a personal feud
. The C;FM h:?ir.1 Y. Anse c complain to the GIS about agents who
were dispathed to Furku. -.out GYM knowledge, who were, how-
ever, not able to mi s sions without embarrassment
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to the German Embassy. Some of these agents were instructed nOt to
report to the German d-i.plcmatic establishments and to avoid Germans
living in Turkey .Ls, a typi_cal pattern of behavior, immediately
aroused the suspicion of Turkish security authorities and led to even
greater trouble when the :agents subsequently got into documentation
difficulties. Such was the case of Friedrich RETMANN, sent to
Turkey from the Abwehr atIcin in Prague. Other such agents who
eventually were compromised were Hans-Joachim von BASSEWITZ,
(fnu) STEPHENSEN, (fnu) von STRUENSEE, Wilhelm von FLUEGGE-
SPECK, (;-ahas Roland LAUSJNG), Professor Richard BRECHT-BERGEN,
and Dr. (frill) STRATIL SAUER-.
8 Aver Syria. was occupied by the Allies, GIS operations into
Arab countries emanated almost exclusively from Turkey. The core
of these operations ..,vAs a group of Arab refugees in Istanbul in con-
tact with Abwehr Cap:airt Paul LEVERKUEHN, Legation Counsellor
(fnu) ,..trid SD t..)1.1.,..Jer Ludwig MOYZISCH. The leading
Arabs in this group were
.1shaak DERWISH
Ad il el AZME
1`4,-.L,Ji el AZME
izzet DERWAZE
ARSLAN
Muin MADT.
Betweejl February :9/42 and: October 1943, the Turkish (--OlrernrrItc)nt
expelled most. Arabs of the -1.i.tion:Z1ist group with which the GIS had
been work.ini4f=
9. Tu.rkey's s.us .and geographic location was a
breed ng ground for e r te1lgence a.nd penetration efforts by
many different sercs. Because of this, in December
1941 the GIS a.71c1 RSFIA requested additional diplomatic
cover lcibs" for SD per sorrel in Adana, Alexandretta, Istanbul,
11,/.mir, and I r,,pt Besides the already famous penetration of the
12)ritish ss\ it Ankara k e CICERO" operation1(; the GIS was
J Ili to penetr-)`,( Sc,: 'L._ .ci Jie Turksh Intelhgenco sorvicf, by
doubil.ng _s s, TURAN BEY and N. A. LUNDGREEN.
Tho latter was also st SIDC 17.,\/ he GIS of working for the RIS .
Ferrah ALKEND and (ti,u) ELL, L'ounseior and First Secretary
respei:tivelv of He Icrk; in Beriln, were also GIS
contacts . Aiso, I, ki 104 the C.,c,n-imercial Attache of the same
Embassy reported o the LI ? rrric-In s on the espiorage activity of his
Arnb-ss,idor, Hues 2- CT L'1;_t-DiF_:, and the la.tter's contacts with the
Ameri,:an Embssv Throi:gh the same source (the Commercial
Attai_lie) the TUNAR, a representative of
the t- nce An a 7 )1, f- ' '
,
erIT: -I I' I rl I- N... (; L- ,
a
a,..c.rnptng to gather intelligence on
a
10. On the (_,1-Ler hard, CrFM flles reveal that the GIS in Turkey
also experienced its -,,encrous share of intelligence "flaps". For
example, One Rifki LUGAL, a ransiator at the German Consulate in
Istanbul, was a recruited agent of the Turkish Intelligence Service
who went unde!,t-?,-_-ed for some time. In another case, the GIS was
a
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duped by a large group of intelligence fabricators, This came to
light in July 1942 when the Turkish police arrested a group of 22
operators mostly Turks and Armenians, but also including one
German national for Illegal activities allegedly on behalf of the
Italian IntelliEence Service. Whether the fabricators were paid for
their wares by the Italians cannot be deduced from the files, but
it is clear that they received payment from the GIS. Mention should
also be made of the cases involving, among others, Dr. Erich
VERMEIIR_EN.. Fric.-ciricin PAULUS, Neily KAPP, Kurt HENSCHELL,
Willi HAMBURGER and KLETZKOWSKL The defections= of these
persons bereft.te-1 Western
t f-1 NA/ r f 1_11E=
degree9.
GIq
rr,
A 1 .
1 ed
intelligence services and disrupted
and adjacent areas to a considerable
in early Spring 1944, after VERMEHREN's defection, a
meeting was held in Berl..ii to review the situation in Turkey. Among
others, Walter SCHELLENBERG, Col. Georg HANSEN, Legation
Counselors von GROTE and ALLARDT participated. At this meeting
the Gli'M representatives recommended the cessation of intelligence.
activities against Turkey from within and a drastic reduction in the
number of GIS personnel staLoned in Turkey. This was designed to
bring about a substart?al reduction in cable traffic using GFM
facilites for trans:-rission of GIS class- fied messages, as there had
been complaints about the intensity of cable traffic. However., it does
not appear that #?)e recommendations were carried out10.
12. The most important operations carried out by GIS elements
in Turkey were thcse the Soviet Union Before the outbreak
of Worid War IJ, the fo17.owing German nationals (outside the USSR)
mainta!_ned contact v.n.th persons of intelligence potential in the
Caucasus and Central Asia:
Dr. W. R,ADEI3OLD
Capta:i.n (mu) GLOGER
Professor Dr. Paul VAGELER
Professor Richard BRECHT-BERGEN
Protessor Dr. (fnu) STRATIL-SAUER.
When the Germii.n. oarnpagn 3gainst Russia began, GIS approaches
were made to leaders f the Pan.- Turklsh movement for cooperation
on propaganda., and poL_tical activ:i.ties in the Soviet
Caucasus and Tu kes4nl.n.
13. in S:.W-,ernl:)er 1941, Turkish Army general, NURI-PASHA
visited Berlin for talks on the future status of Caucasian lands and
on the GIS us f7 ot: the Turk.isrn popu,i.ation in the Soviet Caucasus
While in Bernn, NURI-PASH.A. also conferred unofficially with
Azerbaijani And Arab leaders there. NURI-PASHA returned to
Berlin in the spr1g of 1942, accompanied 1-Sy General (mu) ERKELET,
Alk an expert or Pan-Turkish. problems, who was promptly treated to a
ler tour of the Eastern front and received by HITLER. As the German
The documents .fail to establish whether HENSCHELL did
indeed defect.
0
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174
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forces advanced i!it(..) sc,uthern Russia, refugees from the Caucasus
crossed into Turkey, bringing news of a national independence
movement in .-t-red. To encourage this resistance movement
German propaganda ',collets, exhortinp the Caucasian peoples to
side wii the Germans, were dropped over the areall.
14 Professors S'FRATIL-SAUER and BRECHT-BERGE2N
came to Turke,?,' in the spring of 1942, ostensibly on .a scientific
expedition, but a,tualfy to contact, members of the Azerbaijani
STRATIL-SAUER was unsuccessful and returned
to Germany in August, but BRECHT-BERGEN managed to renew
contact wt! Azerbajani Turks in Trapezunt, some of whom were
influential the na_tioraist movement These included General
(fnu) EW LAC}{, or of the oliicers in charge of Turkey's eastern
areas, General Nuri Seh-arnur GDIR, a member of the Azerbaijani
movement, (fnu) EYUIS, father of a Turkish Army Captain posted
in Trapezurit; and Ru ss:nGeneral Lado INASAPTDZE, a Georgian
stationed in the Caucasus Through his contacts, BRECHT-
BERGEN obt.linc_d inteiLgent.-:e reports made to the Turkish police
by Soviet defe,:tc-,rs and 1:),y Azerbaijani Turks living on Soviet
tern i tory. in. September '.942, BRECHT BERGEN was told to
leave Turkey. Alter ln.s departure, contact with the Azerbaijani
nationalist mo?,,-ernent wi. s conLnued by (fnu) WUSSOW, German
Consul In Tr,?..pezunt,12.
15.
aver German activities in Soviet Georgia
was cla:_med by 9.-.e German Min-,stry for OrcHp,pd Terri tnri es in
the East (the so-ed ROSSENBERG Ministry), which sponsored
"The Georgon. Cemirn.ttee" r Be rr under the leadership of
Prince (fnu) BAGRATTZION. Former German Ambassador to Mot-cow
Friedrich Werner von der SCHULENBURG, who was in charge of
Caucasian M..n.i.stry, invited two refugee Georgian
leaders, Mi .r YAKUB a.r.d f?inn'; SULTANOFF, from Turkey to
Ber11.-y.in w-dcr to rut the rn _for the Georgian Committee.
Instead of .?:,:(.pting von der SCHULENBURG's offer, both
returned to Turkc v ind reported to the Turkish Intelligence
t.?e .ilsored Comr-mttee intended to expand
a future (ndepend( at TurkIst-1 expense13.
i.o. in ,,ust ;_94 CTenel at (fnu) NELTDE, an Armenian
hying in approa-:ryd w:..th the proposition that he
be airdropped Se ,'t Ar7.-nen...,a to organize an uprising. His
offer was rep-:ctf:d s e , but he was invited to assist
in ps\,.-yhologica_ warfarf: or to perform sabotage missions
in the Baku on fe'ds"-4.
17. GTS contact with Crlmean Tartars was made directly at
the milifarny trow. In the summer of 1941, W.0. von HENTIG was
sent. to the Ca Li': Si". a ri front to ;I) v
Crimean Tartars were selected, given training and sent as agents
into Soviet Crimea and the Caucasus. Caucasian Tartars were
recruited from among emigres in Turkey. Two of these, Dr,
Husrev SULTA.NLI and Mustafa VEKILLI,
G&neral NUR-PASHA, were invited to Berlin to participate em
on recommendation of
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psychological warfare work. Tartar Ahrnet Vela Bey MENGER who
had been a business associate of the MELCHER's Company in
Bremen since 194 and ha.d performed GIS missions in China, Istan-
aiid Baghdad, reported to 'oe 11-1 conta.ct with anti-Soviet
Caucasian emigres in Turkey and Baghdad as well as with Turkish
officials15.
18. GIS spotter Emir Chekib A RSLAN recommended a number
of n3rth Caucasian refugee leaders for GIS activities, including Said
Schamil DAGHESTANI and Haidar BAMMAT, who had been active in
the Caucasian liberation movement since the First World War.
DAGHESTANI had been in contact with the Grand Mufti since 1931, and
after the beginning of World War II with French, Polish, and British
Government offi'zials. One report alleged that he had approached
Soviet agents in Ankara. Other GIS agents with contacts in the
northern. Caucasus were Hikmet HAKKI, (fnu) DJABGI, and Ali
TAYKUT The latter had reportedly been active in a secret organ-
ization of anti-Soviet Caucasian emigres in Turkey and Iran long
before the Second World War Sn 1938 he was expelled from Iraq
allegedly at Soviet request. When this happened, GROBBA sent
him to Germany, but his recruitment by the GIS was vetoed because
BAMMAT accused him and. other members of his organization of
being Soviet agents.
wer.e organized in the "Association of Young Turkestan". The GIS
maintained contact with a member of the organization (identified by
19? Many Turkmen and Uzbek refugees from the Soviet Union
th(c ?ode name "FIAT") who also had contacts in the Turkm.en-Uzbek
refugee..organizaticn, "UNION" in Afghanistan. Although the Turkish
Intelligence Service also rna.:_ntained connections with the "Associa-
tion of Young Tiirkr,Qt74.,all, the GIS believed that the GIS' ties with
the Association were not known to the Turks1:7
1
0
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D
..L?.e.,erence No.
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for text)
Franae(s) Date
1 5452 366598
11Q
_J -J
2
30 26110
138 28236
138 28241,
28280
50 33288
1123 321523,
321538
61 41702
61 40847
61 41332
61 41484
61 41554,
October 1941
November 1941
September 1943
February 1943
December 1942
August 1942
June 1943
November 1943
October 1942
April 1943
June 1943
41561 August 1943
41618
61 42145,
42148 March 1944
September 1943
e
J 25 15765 April 1941
61 40328 February 1942
,
01 41676 October 1943
930 298089 October 1943
4 1936 433965 December 1941
1936 .433966 June 1942
5 1030
7
930
4929
61
61
930
61
61
310670
310672
310673
310675
298002
261194
40328
41676
298087
41717,
41722,
41736
41R?4,
41825,
41849,
41859,
41879
41898,
41910,
41933,
41949,
41953
SECRET
0 177
February 1943
i\Tovernb,er 1942
August 1942
February 1942
October 1943
October 1943
November 1943
Decerninr 1943
January 1944
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
?
L
8
9
10
11
42009 February 1944
1936 433870 December 1941
1030 310609 February 1942
1030 310611 January 1942
955 300859 May 1944
4929
261413
July 1942
891 291055 March 1944
891 291072 February 1944
54 36763
138 76890
17 10535
18 11958
50 330050
17 10796,
September 1941
September 1941
January 1942
April 1942
April 1942
10797 February 1942
25 14655 February 1942
12 1030 310626 July 1942
1030 310621,
310628 May 1942
1030 310664,
310665 September 1942
13
1.4
15
1030 310662 September 1942
50 33132 June 1942
50 33341 August 1942
1155 325943 September 1941
50 33050 April 1942
25 15808,
15776,
15745 April 1941
75
lo
1" 15776,
15809 April 1941
I
4929 260883 April 1942
17 195 140158 January 1943
195 139913 September 1942
.
.
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I
.
..
178
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TURKS AND NEIGHBORING NATIONALS WHO WERE AGENTS,
IN CONTACT, OR OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST
TO, THE GIS IN TURKEY
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1
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KLAN
Ar ArmerLan lecturer at the University of Berlin in 19401.
. . I,' 17 KT T-1
P ? -
Forme- Legation Counselor at the Turkish Embassy in
he was dfl agent of the CIT'sk.12,
, -
ALKEND
D--!.ug..ter of the Turkish Ambassador in Germany. She
1.3n_verksity of Ber:.in
s tud:..ed
t ? 1- 47,
A rat:lona:1 and a student at the Un:,.versity of
He was a 1- _
uv professton4.
Dr. fr. ii AR ZIN
A natonaI
..
Pre fru. BAGRATION
And a student at .he Ur.:vers:,.ty of B e I 17
A (I., r .an. nobleman in Bern who was in contact NALI!_lh
SCHUT.ENBURCT of the German Ministry for Eastern
Fe, r..t.c.7._es NO-,0 w.as to become Cro_ef of the ''Georg:; an
Ber1.r12.n. 1942.6
? d-i PAMMAT, ak3 BA1VIAD, aka BAMAT, aka Fie:_dar BAMATT
A .r.e...m1-.er of e prominent north Cau:ascn fn.iv" SCHAM.L`
'fr.e served on t.J.--e Genera.. Staff of Czar7st.Arni
(.1 d Dul-ce Niko-laje.,c 'in the Cauca su s. At.. the end of
Wor_d presldent of the Dagh.estan Repub.'_::.(:-. :he 'A -1 s
ment...:-qled as'caving been. The Foreign Minister of the Ciucas:::,,--
Rcpul during the same per7.c?d) After the Cau,:asus was at'sorF-er.l.
Ni? e t s BAMMAT f...L?.,d to Paris in 937-1939,
? ? Ir om e.r e he mcved to SwItze iand and f:. r st at
--e 2--!d nar n Geneva He was other
?1BARL.AS
A_ studer.. at. Un:_versT.tv enna : 9 4 (-
' ? , -nonsig them,n Errn. r A.RSLAN. Sink. e 7.938, 1F.' AM MA T
a-r.1 expert on Cauca SI'. f : r sl.
Pr.e_...genc Serve tr:.ed to c-)ta_Ln inforrnat:?.rin .:4hout
T-1
A agent Turkey
SEC RET (-)
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S E R E T
Co..: r CELAL
1 c c. the Turkishn presumaly mint. rv: - T rl t e " - --7- e nc e in 19423?. _
D'HONT, nee KUB \.TSCH
Ar un.:-lentr,.Led person (presumal_:)ly in Turkey) whose ldenti-A,
.re ked hy the GS in Istanbul on request of the GIS n Be-1-7..n
1
fr t.. D.JABAGI:
L ELL
r.s.(FM 'o '.c) to Bern in order to assist in propaganda acLvit-ies .1-7.
Apr
A _-_-,.:.:r
Ca.u.-.:as.ar. emigre in Ankara who was requested by the
:.94.4--
I
,M.sF u EM.'..RCAN
4.
A Turk sh student. of archeology at the University of Ber_.:. ;1-1
Ti-.-,e F rst Se.7.retary of the Turkish Embassy in Beriin in 194.1
1.,3
EV Aias A GIS agen? .
L ri,j EN AL
' S I
A Turs'n eng:.neer who stuthed at the Univers...ty of Vienna
I t..,
u ENL,L
. i
. .010
r A rk -- .-, eng:.neer who stud: .
_ed al e Unlvers:.4 of 7.enn
.n
a
tr;1. ERKELET, ka ERKELTT k .
f-
?
1
Turkey. He v.s?.ted Gei-manv :.n Apr..1 1942 (presumably .r. con.
A cr)(2.ra.. :.r- '-_!-'e Turkish Army who was act7.ve :n the Pan.
Tu., k..rt0-. movelnent and in cer_tact wt}.Caucasian emigres .n
--,( . o' w4'-. Cau. ,ls- an matter s and was rece:kved 1.-.-1_, H:T LER: 7
I
1- r. u EUCTEN
LE- z or. Sc.retary- o '2.t--.e Turk:.sh. Embassy -.--- Bet- i in -. 9 4O .
Hc s'ud-.ed a' ".}-_e Tin:_--re r s:?..-v of Ber...:.r8
4.:1- 2., ' T.9421911
fnu EWLACH
-
Ar off:, :e r :..n the Turksh Army and reported7y a member of
\,z c.r iar- movement" n Turkey
I
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7-1U E Y U13
?
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A .-iern't.fAr of the 'Azerbaijan movement" In Turkey 1942..
so- s rf-portedly a Captain in the Turkish garr:,.son at
a center of e rno-vernent2?.
...
. r-1 ??? "
4 rr
:nu F.:ALA
A
An uni.den4:.f.ed CTS ontact n Ankara In 19442-1.
Th.e rvptdarym for a GIS agent of Turkmen origin who was
ed w:th the "A,soc:iaton of Young Turkestan n Turkey.
2_943 :In contact with the Turkmen refugee orgari.:..zaton
d UN.ON" '?.n Afghamstan, wth the GiS, and presurnally also vsnt-h
_I'n.t.e712.gence Service
Ke-n-q CIU ECSA'v'
Dep C.-P.ef of the Turk-:..sh Serv:_ce. 194323,
Hikrne4. HAE.K.'k, aka ;:smaii_ HAKKI, aka. HAKK.1-BEY, ak;i.
Hj.k GUEMELTSCHiN,A
mer deputy of the dTurksh par.:-,ament from Gurnul!,g?..na . n
fSPTr'. Thrace. Founder of an independent West. Thrar_7.,an mos:ern
14, ";.n .?17.2 and again in 1919 Shorly after Word War .7, he ved
France (24 Rue Heroid:. in May. .1.941. he offered
ces to the C.:1.*CS through Emir Chekib ARSLAN Geneva.
- September .94J. the GIS planned to use h'Lm
?
?
f? u 1DRS
A r of Or enhurg Russ..a work' d
Ti ft of c Or Se(:'.ior. of the Po."..:".:a). Department of ,11--e
M ,94.',. He ..:ad cor.ta.Tts ex:_led Turkmen leaders and
S
4
' -:
?i
^
Pan-Turaman v : es pi'_a:-..ned hy von I-JEN-7
Seanur .,C1D.R
A tr-e TL:r k:_sr,. Army was rE.-pc)r+c.-;d'\-
=- an rncy\-ement Turk.(;\..
Dr. fru .LMEN
-i rYcrn.f
A ---urk sh smdent it he Techn.,cal
943 ?,...-.2ts an nformnt for the Germ.n. Senury Servl.ce
rd )
for P.L1?01-_ Command of the Germa r. Navy (oKi\.4)`--
?
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do IN.A.SAP7,DZE
A Soviet general in the Caucasus. He was reportedly in con!,.act
the an,:. Soviet "Azerbaijan movement" in Turkey in 194228,
'KASBEK'
Prolz.ably an alias or cryptonym of a GIS agent in Istanbul
...4/9..s reportedly the leading organizer of economic help for
he population .!ri Baku during World War I.. He was also the
first Minister of War and Governor of Karabach in the short
:.red :,.ndependent Azerbaijan Republic at the end of World War
fru KAYNAK
A (.1-7IS agent in Turkey who submAted reports from the
Pct, Baum region in the USSR in ;19443?
29
A pro-German Georgian nationalist leader in Paris, who was
presumal-ly 'n contact with the (3::?S in19403-'.
-triA A if
ill 1?1.
A Turk7.sh student at the Un:.versitv of BerL.n 194032
M ss friu KOEKTOERK
A Turk:_sh judge. She studied.la.w at the Uraver s.ty of Bern
- 1940-33
A KORKA
.el of a confident-Lal post estabiLished the German Errit .ssv
P,1" .s ...942 to de a.7_ w,.th Cauca Sian7.1 f
1 K n T T -r
ix
Turk:.sh poiice ofEcla..i who v:Lsied Germany n 1943
'N4 ss tr.0 KOsv ACZ
A corresponder:. Turkv, sine c or .
d(- l'fAULLE a.nd presumal-,,Ly with other ed
k: s. 7,n the spr:_ng of 1944, she was connected with1-.e
deft' csf PAULUS, the German press (orrespondentDO
Kl),-TAL
A tr:Ins:ator at the German Consulate in 7stanbul. Presnmat-v
I'
J. l '
940-'
?
?nei an
?
gent of the Turkish TAitellieence Ser./. e
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SEt RET
Ahmet Vel:. Bey MENGER, aka Weli Bey MENGER
Turk' gi-1 r:iti.7en of Tartar origin, he was born circa 1896
._n Sow,et Turkestan. For fifteen years he was employed as a
buyer in Ch.;.na for "MELCHERS COMPANY OF BREMEN': Since
about 1938, he was chief of the Company's branches in Istanbul and
Baghdad. He spoke Turkish., Russian and English.
MENGER was in contact with anti, Soviet emigre circles in
Turkey. He also had good connections?in Turkish Government
circ.7.1es, and with influential personalities in Baghdad, including
the rich SUWAIDI family. One of his acquaintances in Turkey
was GlIS agent Ali TAYKUT,
In October 1940 MENGER was contacted by the GIS through
the Chairman of the "MELCHERS COMPANY", (mu) LINDEM.ANN.
Clandestine shipments of arms to Iraq were discussed with
MENGER. The shipments were to be carried out with the help
of an unidentified Slovakian business firm and through MENGER s
contacts in Turkey and Iraq. Preparations for the shipments
were made, but the deliveries of arms to Iraq could not be effected
because the British occupied Iraq in May 194138.
Dr. (Phi:'_ ) Kemal MOEBESSE
A Turkish student at the University of Vienna in 194039.
1Th ( R. -1 A fru MU R..i'\D
IlL. 1 k. ? ;
A Turkish student at the University of Berlin in 194040.
General mu NEJDE
An Armenian, presumably a general of the Czarist Russian
Army, Durimg World War TT, he lived in Sofia and was considered
for OtS ac v'es (n.c. Caucasus in 194241_
OGUZ
A Turk..sh student. of economics at the TTrOverc;ity of Berl:
94042
mu ORCHAN
A contact of the Grand NiluftL of Jerusa.:em, :.n 2.s!,111,,
943waspresumably :4 member of the GIS' Arab network
Turkey. He was in touch with the GIS agent lshaq DERV/15H
Genera_ NURi PASCHA, aka NOURI P.ASCHA
A general in the Turkish Army and a broth r of ENVER-
PASCHA, both of them experts on Pan-Turanian matters
NUR_.-PASCHA visited Germany in 1941 in connection with
German military plans in the Caucasus and the GIS's psych.oio-
warfare acti'vites in that area44.
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fnu PEPEYI
A high Turkish security official who visited Germany in January 1943.45
fnu SAR.PER
Commercial Attache at the Turkish Embassy in Berlin and a student
at the University of Berlin in 194046.
Dr. Senn' SARPER
Director of the Turkish "Agence Anatole" and Director General
of the Press Section in the Turkish Foreign Ministry. He was
reportedly very pro-German. in 1940,1942 7.
Ziya Hue snue SAV, aka Hue snu SAVUT
A correspondent of the Turkish "Agence Anatole" in Vichy.
He was arrested in March 1944 by German SD officials because
of contact with de GAULLE circles. He was released as a result
of intercession by the Turkish Government48.
fnu SIRRY
A Turkish lecturer at the University of Berlin in 194049,
fnu SUERMELI
A Turkish engineer and a student at the University of Berlin
in 19405?.
Dr. Husrev SULTANLI
An Azerbaijani Tartar emigre in Ankara who was requested,
in April 1942 to go to Germany to take part in the GIS psycholo--
gcal warfare activities51.
fnu SULTANOFF
In
A Georgian emigre in Turkey who visited Germany in 1942
connection with German activities in the Caucasus. After his
return to Turkey, he informed the Turkish Intelligence Service
that the "Georgian Committee" n Berlin planned to expand the
Georgian territory after the war at the expense of Turkey52,
Despina TASCIOGLOU
He was born in 1920 in Istanbul.
TT
1 it;
travelled fr^rn Salonik
Bulgaria to Turkey and was intercepted by the GIS while smuggling
private letters (arnnna thern a letter from a Turkish Vice-Council
in Saloniki) to Turkey- .
fnu TAMANI
GIS agent in Turkey in 1944.54
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H. TANSU
A Turkish student at the University of Cologne in 194055.
/ A 't fr rvy r- A 13
.L ? I 11 C. kJ. 111 4.4 1/4.1 ?1.-1.?
A Turkish student at the University of Leipzig in 194056.
Agaki Iwanowitsch TSCHENKELI
A member of the independent Georgian Government in 1918,
and a refugee residing in Paris in 1940. He was pro-German and
in contact with the GIS. His brother, Dr. Alexander Iwanowitsch
TSCHENKELI, resided in Hamburg in 194057
Dr. Alexander Iwanowitsch TSCHENKELI
A Georgian professor of the Russian language at the University
of Hamburg in 1940, He was in contact with the GIS. His brother,
Agaki Iwanowitsch TSCHENKELI, was politically active in Paris58.
mu TURAN? BEY
A GIS agent who was a member of the Third Section of the
Turkish Intelligence Service in Istanbul in 194059.
(Miss) fni.TUSKAN
A Turkish student of anthropology at the University of Berlin?
in 1940".
Mustafa VEKILLI
An Azerbaijan Tartar emigre in Ankara. In April 1942, he
was invited to go tp Berlin to assist in the GIS' psychological
warfare activitiesbl
A 7-?
1111.1L
A Turk;.sh studentt2the Univer9ity of Leipzi
a teacher by profession
Mir YAKUB
?
in 1940. He was
A Georgian emigre leader in Ankara who was requested to go
to Germany to assist in the GIS' psychological warfare activities
In 1942. After a short stay in Berlin he returned to Turkey where
r? +
A L. 0
the Turkish Iutelligence Service that the "Georgian
Committee" in Berlin intended to expand post-war Georgian borders
63
al the inXrpf,,r1RP of Turkey
Dr. (med) fnu YENEV
A Turkish student at the University of Leipzig in 194064.
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Reference No.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
cia% ri a 1
1037
17
17
1037
1037
1037
50
1155
1155
1155
4930
1037
1030
61
1030
50
138
1037
1037
1037
50
18
1037
1030
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
311019
10532
10533
311025
311033
311025
33132
325966,
235970
325943,
325952
325927,
325925
260883,
260919
311028
310609
40328
310683
33050
77037
311025
311028
311028
33050
11958
311025
310665
40840
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Date
May 1940
February 1942
February 1942
May 1940
May 1940
May 1940
June
June
1942
1941
September
1941
October 1941
April 1942
May 1940
February 1942
February 1942
February 1944
April 1942
July 1941
May 1940
May 1940
May 1940
April 1942
April 1942
May 1940
September
September
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21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
33
34
35
3 b
1030
61
S'ECRE.L.
rr,
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
310665
40840
891 291081
195 140158
1123 321524
1155 325980,
325992
1155 325967,
325970
1155 325942,
325943,
.325952
41 28224
1155 325961
103031.0665
61 40840
61 41541
1030 310665
61 40840
1188 321033
1120 321244
891 291137
114 67527
1037 31.1025
1037 311025
6459 482343,
482344,
482345
1123 321524
891 291084
891 291138
955 300846
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188
Date
September 1942
September 1942
March 1944
January 1943
June 1943
May 1941
June 1941
September 1941
? November 1941
August 1941
September 1942
L
September 1942
August 1943
September 1942
September 1.942
November 1941
March 1944
April 1944
February 1940
May 1940
May 1940
August 1942
June 1943
February 1944
April 1944
May 1944
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Reference No.
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38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Serial
114
114
114
25
792
1037
1037
50
1037
930
138
54
50
18
1123
1037
56
61
61
138
61
61
1037
1037
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_REFERENCES
(for names)
Frarne(s
66135
66139
66138
15808,
15809,
15776,
15745
273162
311028
311025
33341
311025
298092
76890
36763
33050
11958
321524
311025
38642
40472
40689
78316,
78320
42151
42160
311025
311028
33050
310662
310639
312684
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?
Date
July 1940
August 1940
August 1940
April 1941
December 1940
May 1940
May 1940
August 1942
May 1940
October 1943
September 1941
September 1941
April 1942
April 1942
June 1943
May 1940
October 1940
April 1942
July 1942
September 1942
March 1944
April 1944
May 1940
May 1940
April 1942
September 1942
September 1942
February 1944
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Reference No.
55
cc-'
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Serial
1037
1037
114
114
114
114
114
1037
50
1037
50
1030
1037
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
311030
311033
67525
67526,
67527
67524
67526,
67527
66136,
66138,
66139
311025
33050
311033
33050
310662
311033
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?
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May 1940
January 1940
February 1940
January 1940
February 1940
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May 1940
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May 1940
April 1942
September 1942
May 1940
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COMMUNIST AND RIS ACTIVITIES IN THE NEAR EAST AND
RELATED AREAS
A. Pre-World War ./.1 Activities
1. In a review of Communist activities in Egypt, GFM reports
ascribed a leading role to Moscow and foreign Communists but tended,
perhaps, to overemphasize the part played by the Jews.
2. Joseph ROSENTHAL, a Russian Jew, founded the "Egyptian
Socialist Party" in 1920. Soon thereafter two Jewish Comintern agents,
(fnu) GOLDENBERG and (fnu) KRAUSS, established close contact with
the party. Mahmud Hosny el ORABI was appointed secretary general.
In 1922 ORABI went to Moscow for a few months of study. After his
return the party name was changed to "Egyptian Communist Party".
3. In the trials that followed the strikes of 1924, five Egyptians
were arrested. The real instigators were Abraham KATZ, Elie SAM
BERG, Salomon SASLAWSKY, and Joseph ROSENTHAL, all Jews and
intimates of Moscow; they, however, went free. In the trials of 1925,
which dealt with a plot to overthrow the Egyptian Government, most
of the defendants were of Russian.origin, namely, Konstantin WEISS,
Chalem POLLACK, (fnu) ELCONEN, (fnu) BERSCHLICK, Aaron
WEINBERG, .and Charlotte ROSENTHAL.
4. In 1924 a branch of the ARGOS* was established in Egypt.
Its Jewish manager, Lazarus TEPERrcwas soon expelled. In 1926
a branch of the "Russo-Turque Company" was established; its
re p r esentative was one J. G. SEMENIUK, a Russian Jew who held
an American passport. The company collapsed in 1928, and SEM-
EN-nu< disappeared. The Soviet Cotton Purchasing Office, established
in 1927, suffered the same fate. Its manager Nikolas VASSILIEFF,
had to leave Egypt in April 19291. Finally, the Egyptians discovered
that HOG, an "Armenian aid" organization, also referred to as a
"circle" and "club" had its headquarters in Moscow. Hence the
Egyptians began expelling HOG members from Egypt.
5. From the start the Egyptian authorities were of the opinion
that the danger of Communiarnfor Egypt came from Palestine. It was
established in the trials of 1926 that the movement had been brought
to Egypt via Palestine by Russians whose connections with the Comintern
were beyond doubt. Yet there is equal evidence that Comintern agents
were sent to'Egypt from other centers, particularly from the Soviet
Legation in Athens2.
6. The USSR issued continuous requests to Communist agents
in Egypt for elaborate assessments of the political situation there.
instructions to agent SF.MWNITTK, chief of the"Russo-Turque Company",
were sent to SEMENIUK's private address by cable in private code.
Skippers of Sciv-rinp,r? boats were used to forward money and communi-
cations. Messages were sent by couriers via Syria and Palestine, and
ordinary rflail was used when messages or their contents were not
sensitive3.
A Soviet trade organization in the 20's.
-** Elsewhere naent:ion is made of a Lazarus GLASER holding the same
position.
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7. There is scant evidence regarding financial support from
Moscow for Communist activities in Egypt. ROSENTHAL seemed
to have had means at his disposal when he founded the Socialist Party,
and later, in 1922, ORABI brought a considerable sum from Moscow.
But in the following year ORABI wrote to the Comintern complaining
that no financial support was being received. Later the Soviets
provided some support through food supplies sent on SOVTORG
boats. The food was sold at cut-rate prices, and the proceeds were
used for propaganda. In 1930 Moscow refused to increase its
aid, despite the plight of its agents4.
8. Because of the stringent measures taken by the Egyptian
Government, Communist activity declined and was practically at
a standstill in the late pre-World War II period. Officially the
Egyptian authorities adopted the attitude that the problem was licked.
GFM observers were not so sanguine. They were aware of an
increased tempo in the spirit of nationalism. They foresaw that
Egypt, for reasons of prestige and self-preservation, would have
to attempt to play a leading role among Arab nations. They reported
that Moscow was merely- waiting for the proper time to take part
in the national struggle. The war intervened.
B. World War II Developments
9. During the war the Soviets increased thei,r activity in
every Near East country that fell under Allied occupation or control.
After the arrival of a Soviet Military Mission in Egypt in July 1942,
an increase in SQviet efforts to enlist popular support among the
Arabs was noted . Spanish and Vichy French authorities reported
to the GIS that Soviet influence increased in French North Africa
after the Allied occupation of that area. The GIS believed that
Andre MARTY, in the "Comite de Liberation", was not the only
Communist under party discipline assigned to a leading official
position by General Charles de GAULLE7. Communist leaflets
were circulated in French North Africa subsequent to the estab-
lishment of the Soviet Military Mission in Algiers.
10. Communist refugees from Spain, residing in French and
Spanish Morocco, formed the "National Anti-Fascist Action" group
which was active in subverting soldiers of the Spanish Army garri-
soned in Morocco. By the time this group was discovered by Spanish
authorities in Tangiers, an estimated ten percent of the noncommis-
sioned officers among the Spanish troops were at least sympathetic
to, if not actively supporting, the organization8.
11. The "Syrian-Lebanese League", founded in Beirut in
July 1942, and clergymen of the Armenian Church in the Near
East were reported to be receiving Soviet financial aid and to be
waging propaganda campaigns for the "defense of Soviet Armen_ia"9
Soviet diplomats (mostly poed in Turkey), labor union officials,
and purported representatives of the Soviet film industry (working
in Palestine and Lebanon) sponsored and gave support to pro-
Soviet organizations among the Arab peoples10.
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12. In Damascus in 1942, Anglo-French authorities allegedly
discovered that an organization ostensibly operating for the purpose
of providing aid to Jews was actually an espionage net gathering
information on French and British troops in Syria. After Soviet
diplomats protested a British search of the Beirut office of the
aid organization, British General (fnu) SPEARS ordered a stricter
supervision of Communist activities in Lebanon11.
13. The GIS considered Kamil CHADIRCHI, Yussuf Ibrahim
IZZEDIN, and Dja.far Abu TIMMAN to be Communist sympathizers;
they had been dismissed in 1938 from Iraqi Premier Hikmet SULEY-
MAN's cabinet for advocating social reforms. Furthermore, a
Soviet medical mission which arrived in Iraq in 1942 to study epidemics
was presumed by the GIS to be engaging in Soviet espionage opera-
tions, at least on a part-time basisl--
14: In the fall of 1941 a Soviet Military Mission headed by
General (fnu) BORIMOFF arrived in Baghdad to supervise trans-
portation of material being sent to Russia via the Near East".
This mission, which was recalled after Anglo-Soviet differences
arose in Iran, was suspected of corollary activities in support of
Soviet espionage-5.
15. In February 1942 an RIS attempt to assassinat e German
Ambassador to Turkey, Franz von PAPEN, was discovered. Two
Soviet agents, (fnu) PAVLOFF and (fnu) KORNILOFF, were believed
to have trained a group of Communist emigres from Yugoslavia to
accomplish the assassination. After the attempt failed, KORNILOFF
was arrested while trying to flee Turkey; and PiA.VLOFF surrendered
to the Turkish Police when the Turkish Government threatened to
disregard the diplomatic extra-territoriality of the Soviet Consulate
in Istanbul, where he had taken refuge. Two Turks, (fnu) ABDUR-
RAHMAN and (fnu) SUELCYMAN, were arrested at the same time
on suspicion of being accomplices in the plot. In October 1943 von
PAPEN reported that four Soviet Army colonels, disguised as Kurds
had been arrested at the Turko-Soviet border while seeking informa-
tion on British and U.S. military aid to Turkey; although later released,
they were shot while crossing the border-Lb.
16. Despite numerous arrests by Turkish security organs,
Communist activity in Turkey increased considerably. Among those
arrested were many students and teachers at the university and in
high schools. Professor Ziya HILMA, a renowned Turkish educator,
was suspected by the Germans of participating in Communist efforts.
Three members of the editorial staff of the Communist newspaper,
Tan. were arrested although the editor, Zekeriya SERTEL, and his
wife, Sabiha SERTEL, remained at large. An American journalist
in Istanbul, (fnu) O'BRIEN, who was Sal-,-iha SERTEL's son-in-law,
was suspected of serving as the SERTELs' contact with Anglo-
American circles. Among the Caucasian and Turkestan refugees
with whom the GIS worked in Turkey to obtain information on Soviet
Russia were persons who were accused of having friendly contacts
with the Soviets. Two of these emigre leaders who came under
suspicion were Said Schamil DAGESTANI and Ali TAYKUT17.
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17. A Soviet Embassy Counselor in Teheran in 1940, (fnu)
NIKOLAJEW, was suspected of being an NKVD officer. He was
later captured by the Germans on the Eastern front and interrogated
by Erwin ETTEL, an official of the German Foreign Ministry.
During the interrogation NIKOLAJEW did not confirm his NKVD
connection, but he did provide information about Soviet efforts
to nurture Armenian and Azerbaijan nationalist movements in
Iran. To this end he said, the Soviet Embassy in Teheran main-
tained numerous contacts with local Armenians, one of whom was
identified as a Teheran merchant, (fnu) BOUDAGIAN16.
18. According to German interpretation, Soviet attempts
at the beginning of World War LI to stir up the Uzbeks, Turkmen,
and Tadjiks in Afghanistan in favor of Sovietization met with
little success. Therefore the Soviets concentrated their efforts
on the more primitive Hezares. Among the persons approached
by the RIS were two prominent Afghan businessmen, All DOST in
Kabul and Said e KALAN in Polichornri. DOST apparently accepted
funds from the Soviets without performing services, KALAN was
believed to have continued contact with the Russians through their
diplomatic establishment in Kabul19.
19. The main prop of German intelligence activity in India
was the "All-India Forward Bloc" (FB), its "M-Organization", and
the leadership cf refugee politician Subhas Chandra BOSE. (See
chapter on India). However, a former Indian Communist, Mohammed
Iqbal SHEDAI, who had become the chief of the "Indian Office" in
the Italian Foreign Ministry, was consulted by the GIS and identified
some of the FB members as Communists. When the GIS realized
that BOSE's organization was penetrated by pro-Soviet elements,
a belated review was made. The review pointed out that BOSE
and his followers were essentially Marxist revolutionaries and
that several prominent FB leaders had been on the Executive
Committee of the Indian Communist Party or closely involved with
other pro-Communist groups. BOSE himself was relatively outspoken
about his sympathies; at the outbreak of hostilities between Germany
and the USSR he informed German State Under-Secretary, Dr. Ernst
WOERMANN that Indian nationalist intellectuals regarded the Soviet
Union as a natural anti-imperialist ally for India and that popular
s on the Soviets'
(-1 gr-v; 11.-1
t a. A J..a. VV
20. The British Communist, BRADLEY had been serving
since 1932 as liaison between the Comintern and the Indian Commu-
nist Party. Before the war, the Executtve Committee of the Indian
Communist Party included the following:
Sajjad AZ.HIR of Allahabad
Sohan Singh JOSH of Lahore
Zainuddin 'AHMED of Lahore
Dr. Mohammed ASHRA.F
Mausamdar DATTA of Calcutta
Sahidzada Mahmud ZAFAR of Rarnpur.
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? The last named had been secretary to Jawaharlal NEHRU during
his presidency of Congress, and all had been active in the Con-
gress at that time, while concurrently carrying out BRADLEY's
instructions21.
21. In mid4942, with Soviet Russia on the Allied side,
Sir Stafford GRIPPS consented to the release of a number of im-
prisoned Indian Communist leaders and permitted them to par-
ticipate in his conferences with Indian politicians. At a confer-
ence in Wardha in July 1942 the Congress Party passed a resolution
sharply opposing the British and their war effort. To counteract
this and to rally as many groups as possible to the war effort, the
British administration lifted its ban on the Indian Communist Party
in exchange for a promise of positive cooperation in the war. With
the exception of those who had been convicted of specific acts of
violence, all Communist prisoners were released and Communist
newspapers were again published 1egally22. As a result the
Indian Communist Party ostensibly adhered to its pro-British
stand and opposed the rebellious FB, but clandestinely its mem-
bers joined other Indian political parties and movements, includ-
ing the FB23.
22. The following Communists or sympathizers then
managed to obtain positions of influence in the FB and the GIS-
supported "M Organization:"
a. Mausamdar DATTA, a former member of the
Executive Committee of the Indian Communist Party, in
January 1943 became a member of the Central Committee
of the FB and a leader for the Assam and Bengal provinces
in the "Indian National Revolutionary Committee" (INRC),
the members of which were drawn from a number of organ-
izations, including the FB.
b. Dr. Mohammed ASHRAFF, former member of
the Indian Communist Party Executive Committee, and
chief of the Communist-controlled "Federation of Labour",
became an influential member of the FB in Lucknow.
c. Professor (fnu) RANGA, allegedly a Communist
and 31]. active participant in the Marxist farmers' move-
ment "KIRTI KISAN" attained in January 1943 leadership
in the ":ndian National Revolutionary Committeenfor the
Madras province.
d. Jai Prakash NARAIN, who had been a leader in
the Marxist Congress-Socialist Party, headed the FB and
its "M-Organization" elements in the United, Central,
Bahar, and Onissa Provinces and continued in this position
after the formation of the "INRC". He was an instructor
for the "Special Service Corps" of the "M-Organization"
arl.d also the Congress-Socialist Party representative in
the "INRC". In late 1941 NARAIN was arrested; on his
person were found papers proving the intention of the
Congress-Socialist Party to merge with the terrorist
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Revolutionary Socialist Party and Social Republican
Association of Hindustan. Although the Congress-
Socialist Party was to maintain the outer appearance of
separation from the Indian Communist Party, the intended
merger proved that the inclinations of the Congress-
Socialist Party were pro-Soviet at that time.
e. In Kabul Uttam GRAND acted as GIS agent and
cut-out linking the German and Italikn In1illigQ1c rvices with
their principal agent in India, Rahrnat KHAN. Cl-LAND
also performed services as courier between the GIS and
the FB's Central Committee and acted as spotter and
recruiter for the GIS. In the summer of 1942, he was
expelled by the Afghan Government on grounds of being a
British agent. He went to India where he was arrested
and jailed by the British for reasons not stated. After
his arrest, the Italian Intelligence Service in Kabul informed
the GIS that he was a Communist and Soviet agent.
L Bud_ha SING and (fnu) SODHI were leaders of an
unidentified Indian revolutionary organization. Although
allegedly not Communist, this organization maintained
close contact with the Soviet Government through its rep-
resentatives in Moscow. in May 1941 Budha SING was
reported to be on his way from. Kabul to Ge'rmany. Simul-
taneously, SPDHI was reported to be in Kabul and in contact
with the GIS base there24.
23. Through a determined effort the FB achieved cooperation
with the Communist-led "Federation of Labour" and had gained
decisive influence in the "Labour Union". Furthermore, FB mem-
bers had been planted in the Indian Defense Organization and Home
Guards; rightist parties such as the Moslem League and Hindu
Mahasabha had been penetrated; and an understanding had been
reached with h? "JAMILAT AL ULAMA" (Committee of Moslem
Intellectutts).
24. FE activities were increasingly shaped to a Communist
pattern. This influence was particularly evident in its work inside
the Indian Army, where cells were established and subversive
propaganda was carried out. The iviternational political situation
was chaotic and the relations between various Indian groups,
differing from province to province, were often contradictory
and illogical.. Thus, at the A.11.-J:ndia Conference of the "KIRT.I
KISAN" movement in 1943, red flags with hammer and sickle flew
over the map of India; yet greetings to the conference were sent,
by RAJGROPALA-CHARIAR, one of the most conservative leader s
of Congress26.
25. According to GFM reports this paradox illustrated the
confused and illogical aspects of Asiatic Communism and the
spread of pro-Soviet sympathies in -India. Nevertheless, the
reports fail to indicate a clear realization that in such circum-
stances GIS operations were fast losing their effectiveness and that
those of the RIS were gaining in force27.
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26. Besides using local Communist elements in India, the
RIS also engaged in direct activity. In May 1942 the GIS base in
Kabul reported that the "chief Soviet agent", (fnu) AGABEKOFF
crossed into India from Kabul with a group of twenty Soviet agents
(Russian and Indian). While AGA_BEKOFF was in Kabul, his
presence was allegedly known to the Afghan Premier only. From
that time onward, according to GIS reports, the movement of
Soviet agents into India via Afghanistan increased steadily28.
27. In January 1943 the Soviets brought pressure to bear on
the Afghan Government to neutralize GIS activities in the country.
When the Afghan Government requested the Germans to discon-
tinue such activities, the German Legation rejected the demand on
the grounds that German secret agents represented but a small
fraction of those at work in the country29. Soon thereafter,
Captain Dietrich WIT ZEL and his wit operator, Pvt. Wilhelm DOH,
were recalled when they became compromised while meeting Turkish
refugees. Fnu RASMUSS took over WIT ZEL's work in September
1943 and directed the activities of the "M-Organization". (See
chapter on Afghanistan) 30.
28. Fnu ENGLER, a Swiss engineer in Kabul, offered to
introduce RASMUSS to a newspaperman of German-American
origin. A meeting was arranged. ENGLER brought to this
meeting not a newpaperman, but two Russians; an alleged Soviet
Colonel MICHAJLOW and the Secretary of the Soviet Embassy
in Kabul (unnamed).
29. MICHAJLOW did not beat around the bush. He told
RASMUSS the Soviets knew all GIS contacts with Rahmat KHAN
and the Central Committee (CC) of the FB. He showed RASMUSS
not only the decoded "Tigeril* message, but also WITZEL's sabo-
tage instructions as well as reports sent to the GIS in Kabul by the
"CC". MICHAJLOW did not seem to be aware of the GIS' w/t con-
tacts with the "M-Organization" or of the codes used in GIS liaison
traffic.
30: MICHAJLOW pointed out that RASMUSS' activities against
the British did not bother the Soviets and that such operations could
continue. But RASMUSS also had to work against HITLER. In case
of refusal the Soviets threatened to turn over to the British all the
information they had on the GIS, to call for the extradition of
RASMUSS, and to try him as a war criminal at the end of the war31.
31. There followed an exchange of messages between Berlin and
Envoy Hans PILGER in Kabul regarding this delicate development.
Obviously neither Berlin nor Kabul were aware that the Soviets had.
derived their information from Communist penetrations of the "M.-
Organization". At a GTS-GFM conference, which took plade in Berlin
==1 in
December 1943, the following decisions were reached:
1410,
0
The German cryptonym for the wit link between the GIS in Kabul
and the "CC" in India.
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a. Rahmat KHAN was the traitor who had double-crossed the
"M-Organization" and informed the Soviets.
b. Although the compromised code was the one given to the
"CC", its use need not be discontinued; but the "CC" should be
informed that the code was blown.
c. Four different new codes should be dispatched independently
to four different agents in India, the agents to be selected by
Subhas Chandra BOSE.
d. If a reliable liaison (presumably with the "M-Organization")
could be established, the assignment and dispatch of another GIS
officer would be considered32.
32. By this time RASMUSS had been recalled to Germany. Although
subsequent reports make no mention of it, more than likely someone was
sent to Kabul to take his place. wit contact between the GIS in Kabul and
the "M-Organization" continued, and attempts were made to establish wit
ac d BosEconttbween theMrganizaionand bhas Chanra
Rangoon. Unable to use the compromised code to inform the "CC" of the
compromise, the GIS in Kabul decided to send the information through ar
agent of the Japanese Intelligence Service, Tava SINGH, previously plar_ted
in the "CC" by the GIS* on the pretext that he was Subhas BOSE's represen-
tative33.
33. Further developments regarding the deteriorating position of the
GIS in the face of mounting RIS opposition are not contained in GFM files
examined to date.
* This decision might be indicative of the degree of cooperation between
the GIS and the Japanese Intelligence Service.
C? ?R .Cj LiE
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
297 185217.
- through
185221
May 1938
2 297 185233,
185236,
185237 May 1938
3 297 185237,
185238 May 1938
4 297 185241,
185242 May 1938
5 297 185254,
185262,
185267,
185269,
185270 May 1938
6 980 297929 December 1942
7 7 .7
1 1 58774 October 1943
Nor
8 77 58494 January 1943
9 25 15531 July 1942
10 25 15412 October 1942
11 L - 1 fl 4 "1
Z.? 1 J C.) Z. .17-1L,
M
II 12 25 .1.-JJUV ic=on
July 1942
1-1
I J 25 15531 August 1942
14 4929 260493 March 1942
15 1036 310991 July 1942
16 733 765560 October 1942
61 40389,
40391,
40392,
40394,
40396,
40397,
40400,
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
.17
40401,
40402,
40406,
40436 March 1942
61 40472,
40480 April 1942
61 40456 May 1942
61 40603 June 1942
61 41690 October 1943
61
138
'2 1
11 4
18 167
19 50
20 195
21 4930
22
23
24
25
26
195
42135
78321
13336
AMU,
66138,
66189
March 1944
September 1942
July 1942
July 1940
133545 October 1940
33093 May 1942
139182,
139494,
139497,
139184
261807,
261808,
261810
139305
July 1941
January 1942
January 1942
195 139758,
139760 July 1942
195 139864 August 1942
4930
195
195
262203
140162
October 1942
February 1943
140162 February 1943
1081. 316487 September 1943
195 139864 August 1942
195 139339 January 1942.
195 139378 February 1942
195 140347 June 1943
19.5 140080 January 1943
195 140181 February 1943
195 140291 April 1943
195 139263 0 December 1941
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Reference No. Serial
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
195
195
195
195
4930
86
1081
1081
1081
1081
27
1081
1081
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REFERENCES
(for text)
Frame(s) Date
139263
140372,
140394
December 1941
July 1943
139360 February 1942
139634 May 1942
262013 June 1942
62967,
62971
May 1943
316380 July 1942
316385 August 1943
October 1943
316547,
316549
17469
October 1943
December :.943
3/6551,
316553,
31655 Or_telhair 1943
316556,
316557,
211 /..Cr
36564 November 1943
1081 316560 November ;".943
1081 316580,
316582 December .1,,91-3
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PERSONS IN THE NEAR EAST AND RELATED AREAS, WHO WERE
AGENTS OF, IN CONTACT WITH, OR OF OPERATIONAL
INTEREST TO, THE RIS
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An 7.ndian politician from Bengal, who proclaimed his
s with Soviet Russia in 19411.
AhDURRAHMAN, aka fnu ABDURRAHMAR
arle of the Communist conspirators who took part in the
assassination attempt or. von PAPEN in Turkey in February 19422.
"s. //kC, AR
A :;:-ni-:;:a-iber of the "KIRTI KISAN" movement in India, who
went to Soviet Russia in the summer of 1942 for un-
reasons. He reportedly returned to India where he was
in c3r.ta with Rahmat KHAN'.
A:JAPEKOFF
A Sv.if-.;t principal agent active in the Near East and Turkey
World War I. At the end of April 1942, he led a group
" c---"--??. agents (Russians and Indians) Lo India via Afghanistan.
H15 presence in Kabul at that time was allegedly known only
Afghan Prernier.4.
411110
La .71 ALKO EIN
A Communist JeW born In Russia in 1886. He was sentenced
?" ?
#
vr-,a7s by the Egyptian Government in January 19265
A.MIR1AN
Armcn4an rnember of the laviv.5 circle in
Egypt. He was
s d in 1934 in Egypte.
APOSTOLON, aka KOM ANOS
national and Scliet agent who worked for the Soviet
Athens. He was expe-1.17.ed from Egypt in late 1935/.
ASHRAF
Communist ',eader who received an English college educa-
i.r.?. He was a mern',--;.r.- cf. the Executive Committee of
i T1 Communist Party dur-17.g. World War 11 and also head
(,.,c_mnrille:,:st sponsored ''F?.deration of Labour". He was
the GIS-spcnsored "IVI-Orga.nization's" intellisence
j..n.dia and a member of the "Forward Bloc"
ASS
A Russ.. an Jew and GPIJ agent, he was the brother-in-law of
(1;A:LOP, a GPU functionary. ASS was several times in
r rn n
and spoke German, French and Italian. He was arrested
, Alexandria because of Communist activities and left for an
destination prior to 19389.
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?
Elizabeth ASSADOERIAN
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?
An Armenian Communist who was expelled from Egypt in 193510.
Fahan von ASSADOURIAN
An Armenian Communist sentenced to three years at hard
labor in Egypt in 193211.
Basil ASSIKIS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked for the Soviet
Legation in Athens. He was expelled from Egypt in late 193512.
Abdel Aziz AWAD
An Egyptian Communist sentenced to six months at hard labor
in Egypt in 1925.
Bayouni Moursi el BASSOUSSI
An Egyptian born in 1896 in El-Atif. He was indicted in 1925
in Egypt presumably on a charge of Communist activities14.
Khali- BEKT
ASCHE
Secretary General of the Syrian Communist Party in 194215.
Wolff BERNSTEIN, aka. BERNSTEN
A Russian Jew and holder of ,an Egyptian passport, he was a
Communist and left Egypt in 193616.
BHAI-PERMANEND, aka BEY-PERMANAND, aka BHAI-PERMANAND
A secretary of the Hindu-Mahasabha polloal party in India and a
convinced Communist. He was arrested in September 1943 in Indial7
Wolf BLAU, aka David LESCHTAZINSKI
A Palestinian Jew and Cornrnt.c.o.ist who f.-..nterd Egypt on a
Czechoslovakian passport and was expelled from Egypt in 1930
(with Paul DIETRICH and Miss or Mrs. friu EHRLICH)18,
Channes BOGAGHIAN
An Armenian sentenced to one year at hard labor by the Egyptian
Government in 1932 for Cornmun:Lst.
General fnu BORIMOFF
20
Chief of the Soviet Military Mission in Baghdad in 1942.
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fnu BOUDAGTAN
A well-to-do Armenian businessman in Teheran. In 1940 the
Soviet Embassy maintained numerous contacts with local Armenians
(including BOUDAGIAN) with a view to encouraging Armenian and
Azerbaijani national movements in Iran.
Rudolph BOUKMANN
A suspected Communist of unknown citizenship, and holder
of a German passport, he was expelled from Egypt sometime
prior to 193822.
fnu BRADLEY
He was a functionary of the British Communist Party and acted
as liaison officer between the Comintern and the Indian Communist
Party23.
Hafez CHABAN
An Egyptian born in 1904 in Alexandria. He was sentenced to
six months at hard labor in 1924; he was also sentenced in 1926. He
was deprived of citizenship by the Egyptian decree of 20 August 193124.
Kamil CHADIRCHI
A member of the cabinet of Hikmet SULEYMAN in Iraq in 1937.
He was dismissed because of his pro-Communist syrnpathies25.
Abdel Halim CHAKER
An Egyptian born in Matania, Egypt in 1899. He studied at Azhar
University and was a He was indicted in 1925, and was
sentenced in 1926 to six months in jail in Egypt26.
Uttam CHAND, aka Uttan CHAND
An Indian businessman in Kabul, who was a GIS and Italian
Intelligence Service agent. He served as a cut-out for Rahmat
K.-IAN, and as a GIS spotter. He established contact with "NEW
OTTO", a Moslem clerk at the Britisl,c'Embassy in Kabul. In the
summer of 1942, he was expelled by the Afghan Government on
grounds of being a British agent. He went to India where he was
arrested by the British and imprisoned in Peshawar. After his
arrest, the Italians in Kabul informed the German Legation there
that he was a Communist and a Soviet agent27.
Ibrahim CHEHATA
An Egyptian Communist, sentenced to three years in jail in.
Egypt in 192428.
Hoim CHOKLENDER, aka SCHOKLENDER
A Jewish Communist born in 1890 and expelled from Egypt in
1924 and again in 193229.
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Abraham COHEN, aka COHN
An Italian Jew born in 1902, he was active in the Communist
movement in Egypt in 1927-1929 and was expelled from Egypt30
.
Said Schamil DAGESTAN', aka SAID-SCHAMEL, aka Said Schaml
DAGESTAN'
A member of a prominent Moslem North Caucasian family of
tribal chieftains, son of KAMIL-PASHA and grandson of Sheikh
SCHAMIL. Since the end of World War I he lived as a refugee in
Turkey. In 1931, he worked with the Grand Mufti, Said Emin el
HUSSEINI, in leading the Arab Conference in Jerusalem. He
reportedly sought assistance fcr his plans to liberate the Caucasus
from the Soviets, from French General Maxime WEYGAND in
Beirut in 1940, from the British, and from the Polish Government
in exile. One report stated he approached Soviet agents in Istanbul
(no details were given).
Before the start of World War II he had negotiated with the
Grand Mufti on the delivery of arms to Arab insurgents in Palestine.
Emir Chekib ARSLAN, NURI-PASHA, and Rashid Ali el GHALANI
Mausamdar DATTA, aka Majumdar DATTA, "DUTTA", aka Mazumdar
wielded great influence?'
offer to assist in operations against the Caucasus where he allegedly
knew him well. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, with
the help of Fadhil Mohammed KHAN, Afghan Ambassador to Turkey,
DAGESTAN' approached German Ambassador von PAPEN with an
DATT, aka Muzarndar DAT, aka Muzarnder DUTT, aka Lakiumdar DUTT
A Communist leader in Calcutta with an English college education.
He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Indian Commu-
nist Party during World War II and was active in the GIS-sponsored
"M-Organization" as a member of the "Central Committee and chief
of the "Indian National Revolutionary Committee" in Calcutta in 194332.
"
DAUD-HAIDALI
A member of NURI-SAID's cabinet in Iraq in 1942 and
he became the leader of the Iraqi Communist Party after resigning
from the cabinet".
Paul DIET RICH
He was a Communist and was expelled from Egypt in 1930 (with
Miss or Mrs. fnu EHRLICH and Wolf BLAU)34.
Ovaghun DIVILIAN vs,h-
An Armenian member of the HOG circle in Egypt ? was
arrested in 1934.35 ?
111
A former member of the German Parliament (ReiChstag).
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Ali DJERRAS
He was the leader of the Tunisian Communist Party and was
released from prison by the Allies in the summer of 194336.
A wealthy Afghan of Hezares origin who was contacted by the
RIS in Kabul in 1942.37
Orfeos ECONOMIDES, aka PETRLANOS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked in the Soviet
Legation in Athens. He was expelled from Egypt in the winter of
1935-193638.
Miss or Mrs. fnu EHRLICH
A Russian Jewess who was expelled from Egypt in 1930
(with Paul DIETRICH and Wolf BLAU)39.
Amine ELHAMI
An Egyptian born in Cairo in 1903. He was sentenced to six
months in jail in 1926 for Communist activities in Egypt40.
fnu ENGLER
A Swiss engineer and RIS agent in Kabul in 1943. He was
connected with the RIS penetration of the GIS network in India
("-.M-Organization"), and took part inaiRIS attempt to recruit the
GIS base chief in Kabul, fnu RASMUSS in October 194341.
El-Din Nassef ESSAM
An Egyptian who was listed by the Germans as "politically
suspect"42.
Abdel Rahman FADL
An Egyptian deprived of citizenship by the Egyptian decree
of 20 August 1931.43
Abdel Meguid Abdel FATTAH
An Egyptian Communist deprived of citizenship by the Egyptian
decree of 1 March 193444.
Rafik GARBOUR
A
Syrian newspaper editor, born in Lebanon in 1882. He
was sentenced to six months in jail by the Egyptian Grwprnyl-ip.-nt
A
in 1926'.
Lazarus GLASER
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1924. A Communist, he was expelled from Egypt soon thereafter.
A Jewish manager of the "Argos" branch office in Egypt. in
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fnu* GOLDENBERG
A Jewish Comintern agent in Egypt in 1920. He was involved
in the founding of the Egyptian Communist Party47.
Gregor GREGORIADIS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked in the Soviet
Legation in Athens. He was expelled from Egypt in the winter of
1935-193648.
Karaket GROTILIAN
An Armenian suspected of Communist activities. He was
indicted by the Egyptian Government in 1932 and acquitted49.
Abbas es GUINDI
?
An Egyptian susected of being a Communist. He worked with
Dr. Mansur RIFAATD?.
Antoine HADJI
A Syrian lawyer and known Communist agent who was under
surveillance by Egyptian authorities prior to 193851.
Miss or Mrs. Alemian HAGOY
An Armenian expelled from Egypt in late 1935 for Communist
activities52.
All Hussein HASSANEIN
An Egyptian deprived of Egyptian citizenship by the Egyptian
decree of 20 August 193153.
Ridel HERSCHLIK
t.
He was born in Poland in 1893 of the Jewish faith. An
electrician by profession, he was indicted by the Egyptian Govern-
ment in 1925 on a charge of Communist activity54
Ziya HILMI
A university professor in Turkey who was suspected of
taking part in Communist activities in March 1944
Karl Rairnund 1-10FMEIER, @ Karl RAIMUND
An RIS agent and German national born on 26 January 1912, in
Vienna. He studied at the Jesuit College in Kalksburg (near Vienna)
and joined the Austrian Communist Party in 1931. Active since 1932
as a teacher of Marxist theories and in carrying out Communist
propaganda, he was twice arrested by the Viennese police. In 1933
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?
he went to Istanbul, where he was recruited by the RIS and given an
assignment to penetrate the Polish Intelligence Service network in
the USSR. In the spring of 1934 he joined the local organization of
the NSD.AP in Istanbul for cover purposes and became correspondent
of the "Voelkischer Beobachter". He then joined the GIS as a
double agent for the RIS and directed operations of Polish agents
in Russia with the assistance of the NSDAP leader in Istanbul,
Dr. fnu GUKES. In 1936, about to be arrested by the Turkish
police,. he left for a trip to Kurdistan, and then traveled to Prague.
In July 1936 he traveled via Switzerland to Paris, studying at the
Sarbare at RIS expense. In the summer of 1937 he returned to the
Near East, was arrested in Istanbul and expelled from Turkey. He
then went to Moscow and again returned to Paris via London. In
February 1938 he went to Japan, where he worked as a correspondent
for the "Voelkischer Beobachter", traveling widely throughout China,
Malaya, and Thailand. There were indications that he also worked for the
Japanese Intelligence Service. In July 1942 he returned to Tokyo where
he was interrogated by the GIS56.
?
Youssuff IBRAHIM
An Egyptian Communist who worked with Dr. Mansur RIFAAT in
Egypt57.
Mian IFTERRUDIN
One of the leaders of the Communist-sponsored "Labour Federa-
tion" in India in 194258.
Konstantin ILIADIS, aka EFTIGHIADIS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked in the Soviet
Legation in Athens, an.d was expelled from Egypt in the winter of
193S-193659.
Vartanis IRAMIAN
An Armenian membe,r of the HOG circle in Egypt who was
0
arrested in Egypt in 19346 .
Yussuf Ibrahim IZZEDIN
A member of the Iraqi Government of Hikmet SULEYMAN in
1937 who was dismissed beca-ce of his pro-Communist sympathies61.
Sohan Singh JOSH
A Communist leader from Lahore who was a member of the
Executive Committee of the Indian Communist Party during World
L
War II. He was educated in England".
N. M. JOSHI
An Indian labor union leader who cooperated with the Indian
Communist Party during World War 1163.
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Iwan KADET SKY
A Russian skipper who was expelled from Egypt prior to 193864.
Dr. Abdel Fattah el KADI
An Egyptian who worked with Dr. Mansur RIFAAT in Egypt65.
Said e KALAN
A wealthy Afghan from Polichomri, of Hezares origin who was
contacted by the RIS in Kabul in 194266.
Perikles KARASBOYIAS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked for the Soviet
Legation in Athens. He was expelled from Egypt in the winter of
1935-1936. He is probably identical with Pericles KARASKOYIAS67.
Pericles KARASKOYIAS
A Greek Communist who was expelled from Egypt in late 1935.
He is probably identical with Perikles KARASBOYIAS".
Abraham KAT Z
A Jew sentenced to three years in jail by the .Egyptian Govern-
ment in 1924 because of Communist activities. He escaped69.
KAVAM-OL-MOLK
Pro-Soviet Premier of Iran in 1942-194370.
Rahmat KHAN, aka R.ahrnot KHAN, @HANTANS-LAL, @ BHAGAT -RAM
A GIS principal agent in India, he was the main link between the
GIS base in Kabul and the "M-Organization" intelligence network in
India during World War II. He was one of the leaders of the "Forward
Bloc" and a close collaborator of Subhas Chandra. BOSE. His brother
reportedly was a member of the Indian parliament.
?
KHAN held a leading position in the "M-Organization" as a member
of the "Central Committee", was fully trained in clandestine communica-
tions (s/w, encoding and decoding procedures, wit, microfilm techniques)
and sabotage. He was also an instructor of "M-Organization" agents in
India, had knowledge of codes and signals used by "AZAD HIND" a Berlin
broadcast station, and in wit traffic between "TIGER" (cryptonym for
communications to or from the GIS base in Kabul) and "MARY" (the "M-
Organization's" communications base in India). He personally was
acquainted with many prominent Indian leaders and most of the GIS' Indian
agents. At the beginning of World War II, he was in zontact with the
Intelligence Service's base in Kabul but on the instructions of the
GIS, he broke off contact with the Italians in December 1941.
In September 1943 per arrangements of the GIS he contacted the
Japanese Military Attache in Kabul in order to establish a new liaison
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1 fnu MALAKOFF
Egypt prior to 193877.
Grigor MAMOURIAN
A Russian who worked for the "Russo-Turque Company"
arrested in 193478.
Saet MA.RAGEH
An Armenian member of the HOG circle in Egypt who was
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with Subhas Chandra BOSE after the latter's departure for Japan.
Soon thereafter (September-October 1943) the GIS discovered the
RIS penetration of the "M-Organization" and came to the conclusion
that KHAN was a Soviet double agent71.
fnu KORNILOFF
A Soviet agent who participated in the attempted assassination
of German Ambassador von PAPEN in Ankara in February 194272.
Artin KOTIK.IAN
An Armenian sentenced to one year at hard labor by the
Egyptian Government in 193273.
fnu KRAUSS
A Jewish Comintern agent involved in the founding of the
Egyptian Communist Party in 192074.
Mardochas LEVINE
A Jew of Russian descent who was ulder surveillance while
living in Egypt prior to 193875.
Sahibzada MAHMUD-UZ-ZAFAR
A Communist leader from Rampur who was a member of tie
Executive Committee of the Indian Communist Party during World
War II. He was educated in England and for a time was Nehru's
secretary during the latter's presidency of Congress76.
A pro-Soviet Premier of the Iranian Government in 1944,
who had previously served as Iranian Ambassador in Moscow79.
IAbdel Aziz Mohamed MAREI
I 0
Egyptian decree of 20 August 19318?.
An Egyptian who was deprived of Egyptian citizenship by the
IAndre MARTY a
Iiii:nommm
. A French Communist leader who was a member of the
"Liberation Committee" in October 194281,
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Antoine MAROUN
A Syrian lawyer and Communist leader who was sentenced to
three years in jail in Egypt in 192482.
Ma s si s MASSISSIAN
An Armenian who was the right hand of Soviet agent,
Lazarus TEPER. He was expelled from Egypt in December 192883.
Alexander MASSOVER
4
A Russian Jew and Egyptian citizen who was one of the founders
of the Egyptian Communist Pa.rt134.
J. D. MEHTA
A pro-Communist labor leader in Bombay in 194385.
Leon MELT Z
t.,
An Egyptian citizen of the Jewish faith who worked with
Nikolas VASSILIEFF, a Russian agitator86.
Colonel fnu MICHAJLOW, aka MICHALOFF, aka MICHAELOVITSCH
An RIS member in Kabul in 1943 who attempted to double fnu
? RASMUSS, a senior case officer of the GIS in Kabul in October 194387.
0
fnu MICHAILOW
Soviet Ambassador in Iran in 1944 and former Soviet Ambassador '
in Kabul where he had participated in the smuggling of Soviet agents
into India88e
Abdel Aziz Dessuki MOHAMED
An Egyptian who went to the USSR in 1923 and stayed there for
four years. He was arrested and held for a short period of tin-ic in
Egypt in 1928. He was not considered dangerous by the Egyptians89.
Abdel Damin el Gsoneini MOHAMED
An Egyptian born in Chabra el-Namla in 1895. He was an
employee of the Egyptian Ministry of Education and was indicted
in 1925 for Communist activity90.
Abdel Kalirn Taha MOHAMED
An Egyptian suspected of Communist
El-Saghir MOHAMED
activity91.
An Egyptian Communist sentenced to six months at hard labor
in Egypt in 192492.
?
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An Egyptian Communist who was deprived of Egyptian citizen-
ship by the Egyptian decree of 20 August 1931.93
Moustapha Dweider MOHAMED
An Egyptian Communist who was deprived of Egyptian citizen-
ship by the Egyptian decree of 20 August 193194.
Wladirnir MOROHOVITCH
A Russian Jew who was one of the founders of the Egyptian
Communist Party95.
Haim MOROVITCH
A Jew born in Russia in 1901. He was an E yptian citizen and
a co-founder of the Egyptian Communist Party9O.
Vladimir MOVCHOVITCH
A Russian Jew and GPU agent. He was one of the founders
of the Egyptian Communist Party97.
Ahrnedin. MUNSHI
A Moslem who was a leader of the Congress Socialist Party
in India in 194398.
Karakat NAKASHIAN
An Armenian in Egypt who was sentenced to three years at
hard labor in 1932 for Communist activity99.
Jay Prakash NARAIN, aka Yai Prakash NARAIN, aka Jai Parkash
NAREIN, aka NARAYAN
A Marxist and leader of the Congress Socialist Party in India,
he was active in the GIS' "M-Organization" in India as a member of
the "Central Committee" and chief of the "Indian National Revolu-
tionary Committee" at Patna and Lucknow. He was in charge of
sabotage instruction for the "M-Organization", he was also in
charge of political education of its crack "Special Service Corps".
He was arrested, but "liberated" in January 1943 by members of
the "M-Organization".100
fnu NTK (") T .AjEw
An official of the Soviet Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.
He was a machine construction engineer by profession and pre-
sumably a member of the NKVD. In 1935-1936 he was a member
of the Soviet Trade Delegation in Berlin, in 1937-1938 he served
in the Soviet Embassy in Berlin, and in 1940-1941 he was First
Counselor of the Soviet Embassy in Teheran. In 1942 he became
a German POW and was interrogated by Erwin ETTEL, former
German Envoy in Teheran-?1.
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Hella NOMBERG
A Jewess born in Lodz on 22 January 1901, she and Lazarus
TEPER were expelled from Egypt in 1930 on suspecion of Con-i-
munist activity102.
fnu O'BRIEN
An American newspaperman related by marriage to Zekeryia
SERTEL, the Turkish editor of the Communist newspaper "Tan".
He acted as the SERTEL family's liaison with British and American
circles in Turkey in 1942103.
Mahmoud Hoani el ORABI
He was born circa 1895 in Mehalla el Kubra and was expelled
from school in 1914. He was secretary general of the Egyptian
Socialist Party in 1921 and went to Moscow via Berlin in 1922.
After his return to Egypt in December 1922, he became leader of
the Egyptian Communist Party, was arrested in March 1923, and
acquitted by a Military Court. In March 1924 he was again arrested
and sentenced to three years in jail; he was pardoned on 9 October
1926 andtraveled to the USSR via Greece from July to September 19271?4
Dimitros PAPARIGAS
?
A Greek national and Soviet agent from the Soviet Legation in
1110 Athens who was expelled from Egypt during the winter of 1935-19361?5.
?
Antromis PAPILIAN
An Armenian member of the HOG circle in Egypt who was
arrested on suspicion of r VY"-" rd r? 4-
0 L.. activit-y-106.
Konstantin. PAPOULIAS
A Greek national and Soviet agent who worked in the Soviet
Legation in Athens107.
fnu PAVLOFF
A Soviet agent who participated in the assassination attempt
onGerman Ambassador von PAPEN in Turkey in February 1942108.
Rudolph PINNIS, aka Hugo RODOLPH
He carried a passport issued in Riga in 1927 and went to Egypt
in December 1928. He and Nikolas VASSILIEFF were expelled from
Egypt in 1928109.
Chalom POLLACK
A Jew born in Moscow in 1890 who was sentenced to three years
in prison by the Egyptian Government in January 1926 for Communist
oo activity110.
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fnu RANGA
A leader of the "KIRTI KISAN" radical farmers' movement.
A Communist and referred to as a professor, he was a member
t ttpiZPTCA1T f rl Jr T fT1 L7:"C:` i
III r TT ....
one
of the leaders of the "M-Organization" in 1943. He became chief
of the "Indian National Revolutionary Committee" in Madras111.
Dr. Mansur RIFAAT
He was supposedly in contact with the USSR in 1924112.
David ROSENTHAL
Jewish son of the Alexandrian jeweler, Josef ROSENTHAL.
His father was the founder of the Egyptian Socialist Party, which
later became the Egyptian Communist Party113.
Charlotte ROSENTHAL
A Jewess born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1899. She was a
daughter of Josef ROSENTHAL, a member of the Egyptian
Communist Party. In 1924 she was indicted by the Egyptians
and acquitted for lack of evidence. Living in Moscow after 1928,
she was supposedly STALIN' s secretary. She was deprived of
Egyptian citizenship by the Egyptian decree of 20 August 1 39 1114.
Josef ROSENTHAL
A jeweler from Alexandria who founded the Egyptian Socialist
Party in 1920, the forerunner of the Egyptian Communist Party115.
M. N. ROY
Leader of the Indian Communist Party until 1928. He was
later expelled from the Party. In 1942 he was reportedly again
in contact with the Indian Communist Party and active in Com-
munist propaganda activity. He was the eidtor of the magazine
"Independent India" in May 1942116.
Charles SACKSIAN
An Armenian who was chairman of the HOG circle in Egypt.
He was arrested in 1934 in Egypt117.
Dikran SAFARIAN
An Armenian member of the HOG circle in Egypt. He was
arrested in 1934 in Egypt118.
111 Ri-vnrk SAFARIAN
An Armenian member of the HOG circle in Egypt. He was
arrested in 1934 in Egypt119.
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Aboil Fath SAFWAN
An Egyptian Communist who was sentenced to three years in
jail in Egypt in 1924120.
Elie SAMBERG*
A Jewess who fled from Egypt to Palestine in 1924. She was
suspected by the Egyptians of Communist activity122. ?
Salomon SASLAWSKI
A Jewish Communist who was deported from Egypt to the
USSR in 1924123.
Haim SCHOKLENDER
He was born in 1890 of the Jewish faith. He was allegedly a
high Comintern and GPU functionary and used several aliases.
In 1932 he, Konstantine WEISS, and Alexander YACOUBOVITCH
were expelled from Egypt124.
Solomon SCHUMANN
A Jew from Russia and an Egyptian citizen residing in
Alexandria. He was suspected by the Egyptians of being a
Communist125.
Israel SEGALOVITCH
He was of the Jewish faith, spoke several languages, and was
particularly fluent in Arab dialects. He was suspected by the
Egyptians of being a Communist and was expelled from Egypt in
1932126.
J. G. SEMENIUK, aka SEMNOK
Ambiguity existed between a German report and an attached list
of Communists. The former stated that SEMENTUK held an American
passport and was a Russian Jew, while the latter identified him as a
"
",
Td:hNT, from Poland and an American citizen. He was the director of the
"Russo-Turque Company" in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1928127.
fnu SEPAHBODI
Iranian Ambassador in Istanbul in 1344. Reportedly he was
first pro-Soviet and later pro-British12
Sabiha SERTEL
The wife of the editor of the Turkish Communist newspaper
"Tan". Her son=in-law- was friu O'BRIEN, an American journalist
in Turkey129.
Assumed to be female.
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Zekeriya SERTEL
?
Editor of,..t,lie Turkish Communist newspaper "Tan" during
World War
Mohammed Iqbal SHEDAI
He was a Moslem born on 4 October 1898 in Gotli, India and
was active on the Axis side in Indian affairs during World War II.
He worked as an announcer for the "HIMALAYA" clandestine
broadcast station in Rome and was chairman of the "AZAD HIND"
association in Rome. He was also chief of the "Indian Office" of
the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs beginning with October 1941.
At the same time he was also in contact with the Japanese Intelli-
gence Service as well as with the GIS. Contact with the latter was
maintained through (Mrs.) Dr. fnu KRETSCHMER of the German
Embassy in Rome; she was assigned to SHEDAI as a secretary.
SHEDAI was also active in Indian POW matters and the "Indian
Legion" in Germany and was Chairman of the Pn.clian POW Committee
in Berlin. In this capacity, he visited Indian POW camps in Germany
and North Africa and openly expressed his displeasure with German
handling of Indian POW's. A political opponent of Subhas C. BOSE,
there developed an open rivalry between them for the leadership of
the Free India Movement in Europe.
In June 1942, the Japanese informed the GFM that they had doubts
about SHEDA1's bona fides because he was said to be a former Com-
munist tniing to arouse friction among Axis powers on Indian
These allegations and SHEDAI's previous critical attitude of the
handling of Indian POW's caused his dismissal from the above positions
in the fall of 1942, despite the reluctance of the Italian Foreign Min-
istry and the "Himalaya" Radio. In May 1943, however, he was
reportedly back at his former job as a speaker for "HIMALAYA'Radio.
In January 1942, he furnished information to the GIS on Com-
munist activities in India and on RIS penetrations of BOSE' s Fo-rwa yri
Bloc"131.
Buciha SING, aka Budda SINGH, aka Budha SINGH, id Rattan SINGH
Leader of an unidentified Indian revolutionary organization which
had its headquarters in the USA. Although allegedly not Communist,
the organization had its representatives in Moscow. SING was
reported in May 1941 to be on his way from Kabul to Ge rmany132.
fn.0 SODHI
A Hindu revolutionary nationalist leader and follower of
Subhas Chandra BOSE. In July 1940 he led the uprising in Bombay
and Central India and as a result was sentenced to death in absentia.
He fled to Waziristan,
contacted the GIS base
and in
May 1941 went to Kabul,= where he
and made arrangements to travel to Germany.
The trip was, however, cancelled for unknown reasons and he
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?
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returned to the North West Frontier Province where he became active
in. carrying out anti-British propaganda. He was said to be an expert
in subversive propaganda among the Indian military. Repottedly he
was also a member of an Indian revolutionary organization with head-
quarters in the USA, which, although was allegedly non-Communist,
had its representatives in Moscow.
In the summer of 1942 he was arrested by the British and
allegedly subjected to third degree interrogations during which
he revealed the organizational structure of, and GIS contacts in,
the "M-Organization". In 1943, he was called a traitor by Subhas
Chandra BOSE133.
fnu SOLOD
Counselor of the Soviet Embassy in Teheran in August 1941.
He was presumed to be an "NKVD man"134.
Mahmoud Ibrahim el SOMKARI
He was sentenced to six months in jail in 1924 by the Egyptian
Government for Communist activity135.
Haig SOURIDIAN
An Armenia member of tie HOG circle in Egypt, he was
arrested in 1934 in Egypt136.
fnu SUELCYMAN
A participant in the Soviet-inspired assassination attempt on
von PAF'EN, German Ambassador in Turkey in February 1942137,
Abdel Hamid TARA
An Egyptian sentenced to six months at hard labor in 1925 for
Communist actiyity in Egypt138
Garabet TAVITIAN
An Armenian and a Soviet agent who worked for the Soviet
Legation in Miens. He was expelled from Egypt during the winter
of 1935-1936 .
Ali TAYKUT
A Turk by national origin and a Turkish citizen who was horn
in the Caucasus. He was fluent in Turkish and Russian. Until
about 1938 he was the technical director of the Turkish "railway
management" at Eski Schehir.
Together with other Caucasian vgmflicr5ox
he was active in
secret refugee organization which maintained its network of
intelligence agents in Turkey and Iran for operations in the Soviet
Caucasus. The Soviet Government became aware of this activity
and at its urgent request, the Turkish Government expelled
?
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TAYKUT and other members of the organization from Turkey, pre-
sumably shortly before World War II. TAYKUT then went to Baghdad
where he offered his services to Envoy GROBBA who sent him to
Germany to report to the GIS. TAYKUT was, however, turned down
by the r:Tq on flne:k
advice ofPAMMAT
aka BAMAT a GIS
expert on the Caucasus who repeatedly accused TAYKUT and other
members of the organization of being Soviet agents.
After a year in exile TAYKUT was allowed to return to Turkey
where he was again employed as an engineer with the "management
of the Turkish railroads" in Ankara. There he presumably was again
approached by the GIS. This presumption is based upon a GIS report
dated Febivary 1944 which refers to "ALT" (believed to be All TAYKUT)
as having been dropped from his job as "specialist" with the GIS
station in Turkey. TAYKUT was also known to have been in contact
with another Near East GIS agent, Ahmet Veli Bey MENGER, pre-
Wa r 7140,
surnably before, and at the beginning of
Eliahu TEPER
-vir
vy 0 -r: 1.1
A well known Bolshevist agent with several aliases who went to
Palestine in 1922 and organized (there and in Syria) several sections
of the Communist Party. He was expelled from Syria in 1925. In
Egypt he posed as a correspondent of German newspapers and maga-
zines and was expelled from the -_-:ou.ntry in 1929141.
Djafar Abu TIMMAN
A member of Hik.met SULEYMAN's government in Iraq in 1937.
He was dismissed from his post because of his pro-Communist
qxrrrirla t1-1i q142
Raymond TOUTOUNDJI
A Syrian Arab from Aleppo who was a veterinary student in
Paris (42 Rue des Bernardin) in 1942. He was called a Comm' u:list
by the Grand Mufti Said Amin el 1-TUSSEINI. He was said to be of
the Christian faith:1:43
Leon UTKIS, aka Z. UTKES
A Jew of Russian des:ent and a British citizen, he served in
Lie British ai my and worked on British airfields in Egypt. H,.; was
a GPU agent and left Egypt in 1935 for an unknown destination-144
Nikolas VASSILIEFF
A well known Russian agtaor who was exp:31.1e.,,d from Egypt
in 1928. At that time he was the Trade Repres,-Ltative of the
Soviet Cotton Purchasing Office145.
George VLANDIS
o
A Greek national and a Communist who was arrested in Egypt
and expelled from that country prior to 1938146
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Aaron WEINBERG
A Jewish brush dealer, born in Russia in 1892. He was
indicted in Egypt in 1925 on charges of Communist activity147.
Jean WarTNIMATT
He apparently was an Egyptian citizen of Russian descent
who spoke German and other languages. He was secretary of
the Zionist organization in Alexandria and a nephew of the
Communist, Josef ROSENTHAL. WEINBLATT was suspected
by the Egyptians of being a Communist148.
Avigdor WEISS, aka Jankel KOSSOY
He was a Russian Jew who carried forged passports. He is
possibly identical with Konstantin WEISS and was expelled from
Egypt in 1932149.
Konstantin WEISS, aka fnu VAIS
He was a Jewish newspaperman who was born in 1889 in
Vienna. In 1925 he was indicted in the "second" Communist
trial in Egypt and was sentenced to three years in jail. Later
he was expelled from Egypt. He is possibly identical with
Avigdor WEISS150
Kart WERNER
A German employed as a worker by the PHILIPP HOLZMANN
COMPANY in Suez. He was arrested in 1925 dui ing investigation.s
of Communists in Egypt and was deported to Germany on 20 June
inle151
G. I. WOROBJOW
A Soviet business representative in Turkey in 1939152.
Alexander YACOUBOVITCH
He was supposedly an Italian Jew. In 1932 he, Konstantin
WEISS and Haim SCHOKLENDER were expelled from Egypt.
However, he was later seen in Alexandria153.
Sajjad ZAHIR
A Communist leader frona Allahabad who was a member of
the Executive Committee of the Indian Communist Party during
World War II. He had received a college education in England
prior to World War
54.
ZAIN-UD-DIN-AHMED
A Communist leader from Lahore who was a member of the
Executive Committee of the Indian
r?rryt'll /1 ni st Party during World
War II. He received a college education in England prior to World
War 111.55.
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Reference No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Serial
41
138
4929
61
195
195
297
297
297
4930
195
195
297
297
297
297
297
297
28
7/
(1-7
195
4930
1081
297
297
4929
1036
1036
948
?
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
28566 November 1941
78348 June 1942
261526 February 1943
40603 June 1942
139930 September 1942
139634 May 1942
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
261808,
261810 January 1942
139378 February 1942
140189 February 1943
185087 1938
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
185274 June 1938
15523 July 1942
185274 June 1938
139216 September 1941
262336 January 1943
316487
185274
185274
260493
310991
310996
300338
SECRET
221
September 1943
June 1938
June 1938
March 1942
Tilly 1942
July 1942
January 1943
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O 0
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:Reference No. Serial
22 297
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
185274 June 1938
23 4930 261808,
261810 January 1942
24 297 185274 June 1938
25 25 15580 July 1942
26 297 185275 June 1938
27 195 139312 January 1942
195 139459 March 1942
195 139747 July 1942
1065 312861 August 1942
195 140228 March 1943
195 140172 July 1943
28
29
:0
31
32
297 185275 June 1938
297 185277 June 1938
297 185295 June 1938
4929
25
50
4929
260746,
260748
15776
33050
260883,
260919,
260965
195 139213
4930 261808
4930 261810
195 139866
195 140085,
140094,
140119
195 140343,
140354,
140367
March 1947
April 1941
April 1942
April 1942
September 1941
January 1942
January 1942
August 1942
January 1943
June 1943
33 733 265560 Oct:ribs:hr. 1949
34 297 185275 June 1938
35 297 185275 June 1938
36 77 58774 October 1943
SECRET
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REFERENCES
(for: names)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
'INV/MIN NMI I IN VI
37 50 33094 May 1942
38 297 185275 June 1938
39 297 185275 June 1938
40 297 185275 June 1938
41 1081 316546 October 1942
1081 216547,
316560 November 1943
42 297 185275 June 1938
43 297 185274 June 1938
44 297 185274 ' June 1938
45 297 185275 June 1938
46 297 185275 June 1938
47 297 185275 June 1938
A A
4'10
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
297 185275,
185075 June ,1938
297 185275 June 1938
297 185274 June 1938
297 185275 June 1938
297 185274 June 1938
297 185274 June 1938
297 185275 June 1938
61 42135 March 1944
21 13336 July 1942
297 185275 June 1938
195 139378 February. 1942
297 185275 June 1938
297 185275 June 1938
25 15580 July 1942
SECRET
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Reference No. Serial
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s) Date
0
62 4929 261808,
261810 January 1942
63 195 140291 April 1942
195 140189,
140191 February 1943
64 297 185275 June 1938
65 297 185274 June 1938
66 50 33094 May 1942
67 297 185275 June 1938
68 297 185075 March 1937,
69 297 185275 June 1938
70 1825 417561 May 1944
71 195 139192 May 1941
195 13'9194 June 1941
195 139212,
139213,
139216
195 139195
195 139231,
139236,
139241,
139239 October 1941
195 139256 November 1941
195 139266,
139279,
139281 December 1941
September 1941
July 1941
195 1'5A") Al
139335,
139339
195 139382
195 139864,
139846,
1w:110
195 139866
195 139930
195 140085,
140094
195 140223,
140189
195 140245,
140228
195 140361,
140340,
January 1942
February 1942
Avigust 1947
August 1942
September 1942
January 1943
February 1943
March 1943
140354 June 1943
SECRET
224
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Reference No.
72
73
74
75
76
77
Serial
195
195
1081
195
195
195
61
61
61
61
4929
297
297
297
4930
297
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Frame(s)
140377,
140372,
140370
140339,
140323
316391,
316398,
316394,
316390,
316396,
316398,
316400
316416,
316418,
316421,
316422,
316423,
316426,
316402,
316403,
316409,
316410,
316414,
316418,
316435,
316464,
316436,
316444,
316426
316547,
316549,
316551
3165'58
40401,
40402
40480,
40546
40603
41004
261526
185277
185276
185276
261808,
261810
185276
SECRET
225
0
Date
July 1943
May 1943
August 1943
September 1943
October 1943
December 1943
March 1942
May 1942
June 1942
December 1942
February 1943
June 1938
June 1938
June 1938
January 1942
June 1938
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?
?
?
REFERENCES
(for names)
? Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
78 297 185276 June 1938
79 1825 417562 May 1944
80 297 185274 June 1938
81 77 58774 October 1942
82 297 185276 June 1938
83 297 185276 June 1938
84 297 185276 June 1938
85 195 140191 February 1943
86 297 185276 June 1938
87 1081
1081
88 1825
89 297
90 297
91 297
92 297
93 297
94 297
etc 10-7
'7 r-e71
96 297
97
98 195
99 297
100
?
316546,
316547,
316549
316556,
316557,
316560
November 1943
417557
May 1944
1
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October 1943
185276 June 1938
185276 June 1938
185276 June 1938
185276 June 1938
185276
185276
185277
iszopc
140189
185277
41 28591
195 140032
195 140085
June 1938
June 1938
June 1938
June 1938
1938June
February 1943
June 1938
November 1941
November 1942
January 1943
SECRET
226
?
?
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?
Reference No. Serial
195
195
1081
101 195
104
3562
948
102 297
103 138
104 297
105 297
106 297
107 297
108 61
138
61
4929
61
61
109 297
110 297
111 195
195
195
195
112 297
113 297
116 4930
0
114 297
115
2 97
SECRET
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REFERENCES
(for names)
?
Frame(s) Date
140162
140367
316439,
316440
February 1943
June 1943
September 1943
133545 October 1940
112336 July 1940
23421 July 1940
300338 January 1943
185277 June 1938
78321 September 1942
185276 June 1938
185277 June 1938
185277 June 1938
185277 June 1938
40400,
40406 March 1942
78347 June 1942
41004 December 1942
261526 February 1943
40456 May 1942
40603 June 1942
185277
June 1938
185277 June 1938
139866 August 1942
140119 January 1943
140212 February 1943
140372,
140394 July 1943
185276 June 1938
185277 June 1938
185277 June 1938
185217,
185218,
185219 May 1938
261808,
261810
January 1942
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REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
4930 -)4,10r1.4
1-Vici.r CAI ;1414
4930 2 62013 May 1942
4930 262203 October 1942
117 297 185277 June 1938
118 297 185277 June 1938
119 297 185277 June 1938
120 297 185277 June 1938
121 297 185277 June 1938
122 297 185277 June 1938
123 297 185277 June 1938
124 297 185083 1938
125 297 185277 June 1938
126 297 185278 June 1938
127 297 185278 June 1938
128 1825 417560 May 1944
129 138 78321 September 1942
61 42135 March 1944
130 138 78321 September 1942
61 42135 March 1944
131 1155 326025 December 1940
Al ?^% A if-. -it
28514 July 1941
41 28519,
28520 September 1941
41 28527,
28533,
28534,
28535,
28542 October 1941
195 139265 December 1941
195 139223 October 1941
41 28612,
28613,
28618 November 1941
41 28548,
28551,
28626,
28630,
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Reference No.
SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Serial Frame(s) Date
28654,
28657 December 1941
4930 261797,
261810,
261798,
261807,
261808,
261835 January 1942
195 139305 January 1942
86 62800,
62807 January 1942
195 139446 March 1942
86 62807 March 1942
4930 261892 March 1942
4930 261922 April 1942
86 62823 April 1942
4930 261981 May 1942
195 139729,
139672,
139728,
139691,
139717 June 1942
223384 June 1942
62877 July 1942
139729 July 1942
139792 August 1942
6.1 9 51 9
261994 May 1942
262169 September 1942
62892 September 1942
139972,
139974,
139981 October 1942
195 139929 September 1942
195 140028iNc _-rnr)t-- _ _r A '1
rut--
451
86
195
195
A 02(1
-17-ow
4930
86
195
4930 262/89,
262190,
262195,
262196,
262200 October 1942
4930 262315 January 1943
4930 262394 May 1943
195 140361 June 1943
132 195
133
195
195
195
1 rir
195
139191 August 1941
139191 August 1941
139216 September 1941
139864 August 1942
139899 September 1942
140354 June 1943
SECRET
2.29
?
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?
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SECRET
REFERENCES
(for names)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s) Date
134 948 300338 January 1943
135 297 185276 Tune 1938
136 297 185278 June 1938
137 4929 261526 February 1943
138 297 185274 June 1938
139 297 185278 June 1938
140 25 15776,
158091i941
1030 310685 February 1944
141 297 185278 June 1938
142 25 15580 July 1942
143 4929 260855 April 1942
144 297 185086 1938
145 297 185278 June 1938
1AL
1-SU 297 185278;27185278June 1938
147 297 185278 June 1938
148 297 185278 June 1938
149 297 185278 June 1938
150
151
152
1;1
154
155
?
c. -)n-7
185278
Tlinp, 1938
297
185278
Jr/re 1938
283
180935
1939
297
185278
June 1938
4930
261808,
261810
January 1942
4930
261808,
261810
January 1942
SECRET
230
?
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?
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SECRET
IV. APPENDIX
0
A. PERSONS CONNECTED WITH GIS ACTIVITIES, WHOSE
NATIONALITY OR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN WAS NOT INDICATED
SECRET 0
231
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SECRET
0
0
"ABDURRA.HMAN"
One of the Grand Mufti's agents in Sofia who went on an
undisclosed mission in February 19431.
"AB USS OUD ii
A professor connected with Radio Ban's Arab broadcasts.
He introduced the Grand Mufti during the latter Is talk on Radio
Bari in November 19422.
Mohammed AFIFI
The Grand Mufti's assistant for financial and administrative
matters in Berlin. He was a member of the Executive Council
of the Pan-Arab secret organization "EL UMMA'Ila ARABIYA".
In October 1942, he reportedly arrived in Istanbul with an
Italian passport under an assumed name. The GIS base in
Istanbul reported that nothing was known about his mission3.
Hafiz Manzooruddin AH_MA_D,
Aka Hafiz Manzurudin AHMA.D
?4-1., TO.,"
N./ 11C2-1.1. 11-143.1.1. al 1,1/ 1/4A. .L.t. AAA.
Institute" in Berlin in 1939 and 19414.
"ALAJATI"
A member of the office of the Grand Mufti in Rome, who
travelled on an undisclosed mission to Tunis in October 19425.
He was expelled from Istanbul with a group of other Arab
agents of the Grand Mufti and of the GIS. In October 1943,
however, the GIS suspected him of being an agent of the British
IntelligenceATASST Service?.
an
An Arab national leader in Istanbul, who took part in a GIS
conference of Arab national leaders in Istanbul in September 19417.
"BADARDI
One of the Grand Mufti's agents. In November 1942 he was
active in Rome 8
SECRET
232
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Abdurrahman ASIS
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SECRET
liBENIDRIH
An assistant speaker on Radio Berlin's Arab broadcasts
in 19429.
?
fnu BISAR
An Arab nationalist who participated in Radio Berlin's Arab
broadcasts in 194210.
Izzet DERW.AsI
Aka Isset DERWAZE
An Arab nationalist leader and GIS agent in Istanbul. He was
expelled from Turkey and went to Bulgaria in October 194311.
Mohammed All DERWASI
One of the Grand Mufti's agents. He was expelled from
Istanbul and went to Bulgaria. in October 194312.
D jamil -rAlnr1T
J
A member of the office of the Grand Multi in Berlin in 1942.
He participated in. Radio Berlin's Arab broadcasts. In 1943, he
was reportedly a member of GHAILANDs offic e_ 13
Dr. Saad ELDIN
He was an Arab who travelled from Budapest to Rome in order
to join GHAILANDs group in March 1942i4
Mahemud EMIN
An Arab nationalist in Berlin who participated in Radio
Berlin's Arab broadcasts in 194215.
Dr. K.amil Eldin GALAL
An Arab journalist in Berlin (Halensee, Joachim-Friedrich-
0 strasse 17). He was Secretary General of the "Islamic Institute"
in Berlin in 1941. In December 1941, he visited Spanish Morocco
presumably on a GIS mission16.
?
Nuruddin Abdul HAADI
In 1941; he was a member of the Council of Eldersthe
"Islamic Institute" in Berlin and the chief of its Economic Section17.
?
SECRET
233
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?
Dr. Ibrahim HAFEZ
?
A follower of the Grand Mufti's. In January 1943, he was
living in Paris (17e, 69, Rue de Prony), and was scheduled to go
to Germany at the request of the German Army18.
"HAKIM"
A follower of the Grand Mufti's. In January 1943, he was
living in Paris (29, Rue Pierre Miede) and was scheduled to go
to Berlin at the request of the German Army, to take part in
psychological warfare activities19.
Omar HAKIM
An Arab student in Paris, who was asked by the Grand Mufti
to come to Berlin in 1942 to participate in Arab propaganda
activities20.
ITIEDJAZI"
1
An Arab who resided in Berlin in 194321.
Dr. Taqiuddin HILALI
aka Dr. Tai Addin el HILALI
In 1941 he was a member of the Council of Elders of the
"Islamic Institute" in Berlin and the chief of its Cultural Section.
,
In March 1942, the Grand Mufti sent him on an unidentified
mission to Spanish Morocco22.
Sayed Fauzi KAUDJI
aka Sayed Fauzi KAOUKJI
aka Sayyed Fauzi KAUKJI
An Arab nationalist leader who was working for the GIS in
Berlin in August 1940. He was a supporter of Envoy GROBBA
and an opponent of the Grand Mufti's.
In October 1942 he was reportedly in Paris, where he helped
in founding the "Association des Etudiants Arab 3,
Mohammed Salih KAYYALI
A member of the Grand Mufti's Berlin office in May 194224.
SECRET
234
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?
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SECRET
Chain KEMAL
An Arab student who was expelled from Turkey in February
1942, presumably because of his intelligence activities. From
Turkey he went to Sofia25.
Mohammed KHALIB
An agent of the Grand Mufti's, who was expelled from
Istanbul in October 1943. From Turkey he went to Bu1garia26.
Dr. Taha KHAMIRI
In 1941 he was a member of the Council of Elders of the
"Islamic Institute" in Berlin. and the chief of its Scientific
Section4
George MAAHUF
A former driver of the German Consulate in Beirut. In
February 1942 he was expelled from Istanbul because of his
intelligence activities. From Turkey he went to Bulgaria28.
Mohamet MAGRABI
One of the several Arabs expelled from Turkey for intelligence
activities in February 1942. He travelled to Sofia on an Italian
passport29.
Mohin el MAHDI_
aka Muin el MADI
An Arab nationalist leader in Turkey. Although a GIS agent,
he was not affected by the Turkish expulsion order of October
1943'.
I t IV A .F. "
d t
.A stuen,
194031.
'MOHAMED-ALIH
1,1 Yr%
??-? a
at the
Univer sity of Vienna in
An unidentified agent in Crete who was in touch with a Dr. K. E.
GALLAL in October 194132.
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proved for Release
SECRET
235
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?
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Kamil MROWA
? aka Kamel MiaJWA
SECRET
An Arab correspondent of the "Transoceanic Press", who was
expelled from Istanbul in. February 1942 because of his intelligence
activities on behalf of the GIS. He went to Sofia, where he was
active as correspondent of the "Arab News Agency"33.
Dr. Abder Rahman Ali MUR.AD
Dr. Djabir OMAR
broadcasts in 194236.
Khalid RAMADAN
aka Khalid RAMAbHAN
SECRET
236
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SECRET
Abdul Kerim STBAI
aka Abdel Kerim SLBAEI
One of the leaders of the Arab community in Berlin in 194241.
Hassan Abul SIPUD
An Arab nationalist leader who lived in Germany in 1942.
He was a member of the Executive Council of the Arab secret
organization "EL UMMA.1L ARABIYA" 42.
Baha El Din el TABA
An Arab refugee in Berlin, who was in contact with the
Mufti in 19424-).
"1TA/vLANI"
Grand
A GIS agent in Istanbul in February 1944. He was paid by
"POSTER" which was thecYyptonyrn foi Abweir II
t. the GIS base ih Istanbul44.
Mohri Eddin TAWIL
An Arab correspOndent of the European Press in Istanbul, he
was expelled from rurkey in February 1942 because of partici-
pation in intelligence activities. From Turkey he went to Sofia45 .
Mustafa Abdullah el WALZIL
?
?
An agent of the Grand Mufti's. He was active on the staif of
the Arab secret radio broadcasting station in Rome in 194246.
SECRET
237
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SECRET
REFERENCES
(Part IV, A)
Reference No. Serial Frame(s)
930 298056
2 930 298035
0
3
4
Date
February 1943
November 1942
4929 260293 April 1942
930 298057 October 1942
4929 261263,
261288 October 1942
4929 261283 October 1942
1155
325885,
325899
930 297955,
297948,
September 1941
297975 December 1942
5 4929 261315 October 1942
6 930 298087 October 1943
7 1135 1239.16 September 1941
8 4929 261326 November 1942
9 25 15514 August 1942
10 25 15369 0--.tober 1942
11 4929 261119,
2611?;) July 1942
930 298002 November 1942
930 298087 0-:tobel 1943
12 930 298087 October 1943
13 4929 260293 April 1942
25 15565 May 1942
930 298146 January 1943
4929 260793
0
25 15369
1942.
October 1942
1155 325885,
325899 September 1941.
11Rc 125884 Ootober..1941
930 297967,
297975,
217954 December 1942
77 58302 December 1941
SECRET
238
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I
I 26
I2
289
27
I.
.
31
32
30
LION:11M
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17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0
1155
930
930
4929
930
1155
1155
4929
SECRET
REFERENCES
Frame(s) Date
325885,
325899 September 1941
297900 January 1943
297900 January 1943
261026 May 1942
297910 January 1943
325885,
325899
325927
260807,
260808
41 28202,
28207
25 15644
930 298066
4929 261290,
261292,
261293,
261309
930 298006
4929 261630,
261027
4929 2 6 0 5 9 03
2 6 0 6 0 0
cv2 n
-; 298087
1155 325885,
325899
4929 2605909
260600
4929 260590;
260600
4929 261119,
261120
930 29002
930 298090
1037 311031
1155 325884
SECRET
239
September 1941
October' 1941
March 1942
November 1941
May 1942
0-t, 194?
October 1942
October 1942
May 1942
February 1942
0-,:tober 1943
September 1941
F.E.-braary 1942
February 1942
July 1942
November 1942
October 1943
May 1940
October 1941
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Reference No. Serial
33
4929
25
61
34 1155
25
35 930
36 ,r4
37 4929
4929
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
4929
930
930
930
41
4929
4929
4929
4929
1030
4929
61
4929
?
SECRET
REFERENCES
Frame(s)
260596,
260600
15508
40328
325885,
325899
lcc13
298087
15369
260684
260762,
260763
261630
298037
298087
298087
" 45q
260888
261327
261283
2,60858
31084
260600
4C.:328
2 ,S1297
SECRET
.240
Date
February 1942
August 1942
February 1942
September 1941
August 1942
0-:tober 1943
October 1942
February 1942
?via' ch 1942
May 1942
October 1943
1943
Octobrcr 1943
19-P
April 1942
November_ 1942
Octobei 1942
Apy-ii 1942
Febr ..7:42y 1944
F 13r 1942
7'-
Occ
1942
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SECRET
B. MOSLEM LEADERS FROM BALKAN COUNTRIES IN CONTACT
WITH PRO-GERMAN ARAB NATIONALISTS
SECRET
241
1
1
1
1
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?
SECRET
?
Soliman AGAR, aka Soleyman AGA
A Moslem leader from Banja Luka in Serbia, who was in contact
with Emir Chekib ARSLAN and Max von OPPENHEIM in 1941. He ?
had three fons, Bekir (date of birth, 1925), Omer (date of birth, 1939)
and Chalil .
ALI-EFFEND1
A Croatian Moslem leader who was reportedly in Berlin in
October 19412.
Mustafa BUSULADZIG
A Moslem from Zagreb who studied at the Oriental Institn.te
in Rome in 1942".
Saleh HAD ZIALIC
A Croatian Moslem professor who was reportedly.in Berlin in
October 19424.
HAMID-EFFENDI
A Croatian Moslem leader who was reportedly in Berlin in
October 19415.
Sheik Mehm.ed HAND ZIC
A Moslem leader who was president of the Moslem association.
"EL HIDAJE" in Croatia6.
Derwich Kr\RKUT
A Moslem leader in Croatia in 194F.
IviUSTAPHA-EFFENDI
The Mufti of Banja Luka in Serbia in 19418.
OMER-EFFENDI
The Multi of Mostar in Serbia in 19419.
Sulejmaa
SAL7HAGUE, aka Sulejm.a.n. Aga SALIGAHIC
A Moslem engineer from Bosnia., who was in ..,r).7.tact. with the
Grand Multi of Jerusalem in 194210.
SECRET
?
?
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?
?
I
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Reference No. Serial
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
1155
1155
1155
930
25
1155
1155
1155
1155
1155
4929
195
SECRET
REFERENCES
(Part IV, B)
Frarne(s)
325939
325927,
325929
325933
298015
15405
325933
325933,
325939
325933,
325939
325933
325933
261100
139633
Date
September 1941
October 1941
October 1941
August 1942
October 1942
October 1941
October 1941
October 1941
October 1941
October 1941
July 1942
May 1942
Limori SECRET
eimigorsimismismiwiffammisemaimai
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0
0
m
243
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c
SECRET
PERSONS ENGAGED IN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES FOR
INTELLIGENCE SERVICES OTHER THAN T.:HE
SECRET
244
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SECRET
Frame AENE
A Syrian Arab of the Christian faith from Damascus. In 1942
he was a philology student in Paris (36 Rue des Etc?les). He was
reportedly pro -Briti shl.
Ablel Rani ASSERABAD
One of several Arabs expelled from Turkey for intelligence
activities.
expulsion,
He was, however, unknown to the GIS. After his
ASSERABAD went to Bulgaria2.
Mehti DILEGE
He was born on 12 February 1919 in Frizen. In 1942 he was
Turkish student in Dresden. He was intercepted by the GIS in
September 1942 while assisting in the smuggling of letters to
Turkey3.
fnu DOUMAR
a.
Chancellor of the Italian Legation in Damascus and a member
of the Italian Intelligence Service in 19394.
fnu GUEN
Second Secretary in the Turkish Embassy's Press Section in
Berlin, he was suspected by the Germans of being a foreign agent
of long standing. He was denied membership in the Berlin Foreign
Press Club and left Berlin in September 1941. Fnu GUEN possibly
identical with Nerin En.rullah GUEN.D
Nerin Enrullah GUEN
A Turkish journalist in Budapest who was arrested in March
1944 by the German authorities for espionage activities
Enrullah. GUEN, possibly identical with fnu GUEN.6
Abdul KEBIB
Nerin
An
Indian ? ?
chieftain in north western India, he was in
contact with the Italian Legation in Kabul in 19417.
"MENON"
A member of the Executive Committee of the -"Independene
League" in Bangkok in 19428.
PERTEVA-BEY
He was a member of the Turkish Legation in Budapest, who
was posted to Vichy as Consul. He was said to be a member of
the Turkish Intelligence Service in 19437
fnu QUARONI
He was the Italian Envg. in Kabul in 1942. He took part in
Axis intelligence activities".
SECRET
245
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Fouad SAMRA
He was a Syrian Arab of the Christian faith. In 1942 he
came from Damascus to Paris (37 Rue des Etc?les) and
studied philology. He was described as being pro-British
and a support-el- of de (-1.,AuLT.I.-4:11.
Rashid Said SAMARA
One of the several Arabs expelled from Turkey in October
1943 because of intelligence activities. He was, however,
unknown to the GIS and under suspecion of being an agent of
the British Intelligence Servi-e12.
All Rida SZAMBALI
One of
several Al ahs expelled from
Tu.:key in October
IAA '2
.8.7-x.) because Of i2itelligence activities. The GIS, however,
had no other
Bulgaria aftf
Fara Al TOMA
information on him, except that he traveled to
13
3 r his expulsion .
He was an Iraqi andeacL?used by Janis BAHRI of pro
British sympathies. He was said to be in contact with the
British Afghan Envoy in Rome in
March 194214.
Saff et Lufti TOZAN
pro..
A Turkish inte1ligene agent who was arrested in Hungary
in April 194315.
Hismet TUNAR, aka TUNA, aka TUNER
A correspondent of tl_e Turkish "Age-ace Anatclein Bzrlin.
He reportedly collected intelligence information on GermaTv
Hi, CO C rr 7.1:Lrn r.1
" Ambassador in Bi-- lin in 1941
SECRET
246 ?
1
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Reference No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
_1.3
14
15
16
Serial
4929
930
1030
823
138
138
61
195
135
195
1030
4930
-49,29
930
930
492.9
1.1123
114
SECRET
REFERENCES
(Part IV, C4
Frame(s)
Date
260854
April 1942
298087
October 1942
310639
September 1942
279633
Augast 1939
76890
September 1941
77034
July 1941
42148,
42150,
42151
Marc.. 1944
42163
April 1944
139146,
139148
I'
April 1941
139712
June 1942
140072
Janizary 1943
310675
June 1943
261810
jar.ua.:ry 1942
260855
1
?
April 1942;
2.480?
_ 1942
298087
0-.1:tobe.: 1942
2,60209
through
2E0819 1\4:'.h 1
32152 wLe 1943
?
f...PLiEr 144;
?? "-
114 194L
114 77529 1942;
SECRET
247
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SECRET
S
GERMAN NATIONALS CONNECTED WITH GIS ACTIVITIES
IN THE NEAR EAST AND RELATED AREAS
ECRET
.
248
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SECRET
Dr. fnu ABEL
A German orientalist mentioned in GFM files in 19421.
Otto ABET Z
German Ambassador in France and "SS. Brigadefuehrer". He
took part in GIS activities in North Africa during World War 112.
Karl ABSHAGEN
A member of Abwehr II in Berlin in 1939. (He wrote a bock
on the Abwehr after World War 113.
fnu ALLARDT
A member of the German Legation.in Teheran in 1939. In
May 1940, as a member of GFM headquarters in Berlin, he
performed administrative work in support of German-Iranian
foreign trade deals; he also was involved in support work for the
Gerrnan industrial representation in Iran, which was occasiOnally
used as a cover for GIS activities in Iran. In Noverriber 1942, while
a member of the German Embassy in Istanbul, he 'pursued his
association with the GIS' Near East activities and was in charge
of confacts with exiled Arab leaders in Turkey. These leaders
were closely connected with the GIS and for the gre'ater part
lived in Istanbul. After the German Embassy moyed to Ankara
he remained in charge of contact with Arab nation'al?sts on behalf
of the GFM. In February 1944 he had officially become a mem-
ber of the German Embassy in Ankara4.
Dr. fnu A.I.,SDORF
A GFM expert on Indian matters in 19415.
Gabriel ALTENKEMPER
A w/t operator with the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan in 19436.
Major fnu ARNOLD
A GIS officer in Berlin who in 1941 was in contact with Max von
OPPENHEIM, the retired GIS agent and Near East expert7.
fnu ARNOLD
A clerk at the German Consulate in Tangier in 19448.
fnu ASSMANN
A scientific assistant with the GFM with the rank of "Special
Representative" who dealt with Indian matters. In 1942 he was a
member of the German Military Commission in Rome, which was
in charge of transportation of Indian POWs to Germany for en-
rollment in the Indian Legion9.
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Captain fnu ASTOR
In 1941 and 1943 he was a member of the Abwehr II in
fnu AUER
A German Legation Counselor in French North Africa after
the French armistice. In 1941 in Casablanca he was chief of the
"GFM office for the French Protectorate in Morocco" and took
part in intelligence activities, In December 1942 in cooperation
with the German Embassy in Paris he directed German-Arab
propaganda in North Africa. In March 1943 he was in Paris".
Dr. fnu AUST
Author of a biography on Subhas Chandra BOSE in 194312.
"Dr. B."
A G.-tS agent in Ankara in 1943, possibly of German nationality.
He was personally known to von PAPEN and Envoy JENKE13.
fnu von BADENFELS
A GIS agent under cover as an employee of the Office of the
German Military Attache in Turkey in 194314.
fnu BALLWEG
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Tangier in 1944.
He was compromised because of illegal currency transactions
which he conducted with the permission of Colonel RFCKE; the
GIS ch:.ef in Tangier ln 1943 194415.
fnu BAMMES
in 1939, he was a member of the Abwehr T
' in
istaT.-Lbu.1-16.
fnu BARON
An off.c.al of the German Ministry of Propaganda who in
194.i was a member of the editorial staff of an Arab language
magazIne. He conferred with GIS agent and Near East expert
Max von OPPENHEIM on editorial matters in November 194117.
Hans-Joachim von BASSEW1TZ
Ile was born on 9 November 1893 in Schwerin, Germany. A
former cadet (Military High School student) and officer during
World War I, he left the German Armed Forces after the war,
studied law and economy and was active as a translator of the
Turkish an.d Persian languages. He worked briefly for the
German Foreign Ministry, but was dismissed for unknown
reaans. He then worked as a journalist and travelled frequently
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to the Near East. On 1 April 1935 he joined the German Army as a
"temporary liaison officer", but was dismissed for having given
false information about his previous work with the GFM. In 1936
the GIS suspected him of being an agent of a foreign intelligence
service. In 1939 he reportedly attempted to join the GIS without
success. In 1941 he was in contact with the Indian journalist
Kusum Ranjan PAL in Paris, and was editing war news in the
Urdu language for Indian sailors in Germany18.
Major fnu BATTRE
A German Army officer who was a member of the "advance
party" of the German Military Control Commission in Casablanca
in 194119,
(Miss) use BAUDACH
A stenotypist at the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 194420.
(Miss) Klara BEERWAnTH
A stenotypist at the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 194421
(Miss) Irene BERGER
Inn
In 1941 she was a member of the Abwehr III of the Abwehr and
worked as a clerk for GIS officer, Mathias GOERIT Z in Tangier. In
March 1944 she was still working in Tangier as a secretary for the
GIS ii,roup "RECKE"22.
In 1940 he was an Envoy at the Personnel Department of the
GFM and was connected with the integration of GIS personnel
into German diplomatic missions abroac123.
Robert BEUDiTSCH
An employee of the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 194424.
Dr. fnu BERGFELD
A GFM official with the rank of Consul. In 1943 he was in the
Visa Offj.ce in charge of the section dealing with visa applications
for foreign res.clents, inc.luding GIS agents25
Albert BLIND
A graduate engineer who in 1942, was in Berlin acting as a
Ms?, informant and personal secretary of the ex-Khedive of
bbas 26
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An officer of the German Air Force who was in charge of
transportation of arms from Syria to Iraq in May 194127,
Herbert BOETTGER
An RSHA agent and a member of the GIS group "RECKE"
in Tetuan after July 1943, under cover asa.German consular
employee. He was recalled to Germany in September 194428.
fnu BONN
German Consul in Tabriz in 1940 who was in the bad
graces of the GIS29.
Helmut BOHTZ
A German national born in 1905. A building assessor by
profession he served as a civilian employee with the German
Air Force in 1941. He spoke good Arabic and was a member
of the German archeological expedition at Warka, Iraq in 1938.-
1.939. He published a book on his travels to Iraq. In 1941 he
was considered a prospective GIS agent in connection with the
proposed reorganization of the GIS' Near East network30.
Edmund BORCK
An NCO of the German Armed Forces who was a GIS
member, under cover as an employee of the office of the
German MAitary Attache in Ankara in 1942 - 194331.
fnu von BORDEN
A GFM employee 3. n Berlin In 1943 he was connected with
passport matters concerning Arab refugees in Germany32
fnu BORN
Consular Secretary at the German. Consulate in Tangier
who was to be expelled by the Spanish authorities in May 194433.
fnu von BORRIES
He was a member of the German Embassy in Rome in 1942 and
was concerned with the Grand Mufti's rad2o broadcasts beamed
from Racho Berlin and Rari:o 1-),_orne
Fried-.1 l="ThSCIIE.T.NEN, nee
She was born on 8 February 1917 in Istanbul. She was pro-
posed by the SD as a stenotypist at the German Consulate Gneral
:n stanbuJ.:/-1 194235.
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fnu BRANTON
A German official in Tetuan in 1939 who was dounced
by the German settlers for his anti-Nazi criticism".
Dr. fnu BRAUN
A Legation Counselor at the GFM who in June 1944 had been
assigned Chancellor of the German Consulate in Tetuan. In
1942 and in November 1944 he was connected with Arab matters
and Far East activities of the GIS37
fnu BRAUN von STUMM
?
An official of the GFM in Berlin with the rank of Envoy. In
1942 he was connected with propaganda activities concerning Iran38.
Werner BRECHT
A wit operator for the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan after
1943 under cover as an employee of the G, rman Consulate. He
returned to Germany in September 1944.39
Prof. Richard BRECHT-BERGEN
An agent of the GIS base in Sofia, who went on a mission to
Turkey in 1942 under cover of a scientific excursion for the
Botanical Institute in Berlin, (Dahlem). He had made similar
expeditions before. In Turkey he established contact with the
"Azerbaijan Movement", a clandestine organization centered in
Eastern Turkey (Trapezunt), which conducted activities in the
Soviet Caucasus4o.
Katharina BRECHT- BERGEN
The wIfe of Prof. Richard BRECHT-BERGEN, who accompanied
on a GIS mission to Turkey in 194241.
Colonel fnu BREYER
He was a German Army officer. In 1942 he was attached to
the Recru.t.ment Commission which recruited Arab and Indian
POW's for the format on of Arab and Indian Legions in Germany42.
.;se BRUEGMANN
A stenotypist at the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 194443
(Mss ) Therese BUCHMAIER
A stenotypist attached to the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan
in 1943. In November 1944. she got married, resigned her GIS
job, and returned to Germany".
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fnu BURR
A clerk at the German Consulate in Tangier. In May 1944
he was being expVied for conducting intelligence activities on
behalf of the GIS - .
(Miss) Frieda BUTSCHKOWSKI
A stenotypist at the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 194446.
fnu CARSTEN
A GIS member at the GIS headquarters in Berlin in 194047.
fn.0 CHAPEAUROUGE
German Consul in Istanbul in 194148.
Karl-Heinz CLAUSS, aka CLAUS
A GIS member under cover as an employee of the office of
the German Air Attache in Istanbul in 1942 - 194449.
Commander fnu COLLOMB
An officer of the German Navy who was a liaison officer in
Casablanca 19415?.
fnu CSIBUL1NSK:, aka CZIBULINSKI
Legat.f.on Counselor of the German Legation in Cairo in 193951.
DANEYKO
Assistant Press Attache at the German Consulate in Tangier
?.fl 1944 .
Arthur DENKHAUS
A naval observer who was a member of the GIS group "RECKE"
in Tang: er after July 1943, under cover as an employee of the
German Consu2'ate. in October 1944 he was still in Tangier53.
Dr. V%"..1..y D.EMKE
An amateur radio operator in Cairo (Sharia el Kamel Mohamed 5,
Cairo-ZamLiIek, presumably before World War II. He was probably
connected virl.11.7. Dr. Karl DIEMKE, a GIS agent active in Cairo in
1939 before the outbreak of World War 1154.
Dr. Karl DIEMKE
Prior to 1939 he was an assistant at the German Archaelogical
:nstitute in Cairo and a GIS agent. He was Legation Secretary at the
German Embassy in Ankara in 1941. He spoke good Arabian and in
April 1941 was again scheduled to work as a GIS agent in an Arab
country55.
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??
Dr. fnu DITTMAN, aka DITTMANN
In June 1940 he was involved in Iranian-German trade negotia-
tions and was to make a trip to Batum in order to check on the
possibility of expediting trans-shipment across the USSR of goods
destined for Germany. In 1942 he was Legation Counselor at the
Germany Embassy in Anka4.a. In 1943 he was the German Consul
General in Izmis, Turkey".
Dr. R. DOERTENBACH
He was Legation Counselor at the German Embassy in Rome
in 1941-1942, in charge of matters connected with the Near East
and india57
Wilhelm DOH, German Cryptonym RACHAD
An Army Pfc, he was a GIS radio operator at the GIS
base in Kabul from June 1941 to September 1943, under cover
as a clerk at the German Legation. In June 1942 he was trans-
ferred from thc Abw ehr II of the Abwehr to the
GFM as the second radio operator for the Legation. In Septem-
ber 1943, he was expelled by the Afghan authorities because of
his intelligence activities. His sister, Luise DOH, lived in
1943 in Lahr-Dinglingen, Heiligenstrasse 1058.
fnu DUPLITZER
A GIS agent born circa 1918. In 1942 the British Intelligence
Service allegedly referred to him as chief of the "Gestapo in
Turkey"59,
Heinz EGGEN
A GIS member employed in the office of the German Military
Attache in Ankara in 1943 - 194460
.
Paul EGGERT
An employee in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1943'1.
fnu ELLENDER
ii employee in the German Consulate General in Istanbul in
1942 .
Dr. Anton EM
A German orientalist and former professor in the oriental
seminar of the University of Vienna, In January 1942 the GIS
planned to recruit him for its "Operation L" in the Near East.
He spoke Turkish, Arabic and Persian63.
(Miss) fnu ENDEMANN
An employee of the Propaganda Section in the German
Embassy in Ankara, she? was recalled to Germany in March 1942
beoluse she permitted herself to be photographed in the nude64.
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fnu ENGEL
Consular Secretary attached to "Office Grobba". In 1942 he
was in charge of "accomodations" for Arab refugee leaders in
Gern-iany65.
Lt. Colonel fnu ENGELHORN
Deputy Chief of the GIS's "OFFICE M" in June 194466.
(Miss) Hete von ENGELMANN
A stenotypist in the office of the German Naval Attache in
Ankara in 1944?'.
fnu ERNST
A Private in the German Armed Forces who was a driver
in the office of the German Military Attache in Ankara in 194368.
fnu von der ESCH
An unidentified German national in Egypt in 1939. He was
possibly an archeologist who was in contact with von HENTIG,
the G.:rman Envoy in Cairo69.
Otto EISENHAUER
A German national who was once chief of Stables of the
Emperor of Abyssinia and allegedly a political emissary of the
Abyssinian Emperor in the Near East countries. In January
1942 the GIS planned to recruit him for its "Operation L" in
the Near East70.
Erwin ETTEL
He was f:,..rst mentioned as the German Envoy in Teheran in
July 1940. When Iran was occupied by the Allies in August 1941,
he returned to Berlin where he was made chief GFM advisor on
IranLan matter, subordinate to RIT1r/L-NTROP through KEPPLER's
off:.ce.
In June 1942 he travelled to Istanbul on a secret mission to
contact. King FAROUK wjth Tproposals from HITLER. After his
return he was assigned to supervising activities concerning the
Grand Muft3. Hi.s staff was therefore enlarged and became known
s "Bureau ETTEL". He left this position and in 1\bverriber 1943 was
holdlng the post of "GFM liaison officer" ("VAA") at the head-
quarters of one of the German Army groups in the field71.
(Miss) Ingeborg EVERT JANSEN von der OSTEN
A stenotypist in the office of the German Air Attache in
Ankara in 194472.
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Eugen FABER
?
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He was born 1891. A teacher of technical drafting by profession,
he taught in Jaffa,
r-tt
to Wnrjri Wr T. spoke Arabic.
In 1941 h:s address n German was Rehbruecke near
Potsrlmrn, Hinden-
burgstrasse L6. In Apr:11. 1941 he served in the headquarters of the
German Army ri Bernn and volunteered for GIS act.vity in Arab
. 73
countrles. .
?
Herbert FABER
He was horn Palestfne In 1905. He was a bank clerk by pro-
fesson and bved for about ten years in Na3rob:_, Kenya, the last
4- ? +-In cs as an Lndependent .1d2ng contractor. He spoke Arabic and
several Afreca.n languages. In April 1941 he was serving with the
Germany Army and was consdered for recruitment by the GIS for
artiv S in Africa or an Arab country74 .
Major R'.chard FALKE
He was a member of ihe German Ar Force and at one time
had been ass:gned to the headquarters of the 16th German Army.
He had been a World War i pilot in the Suez Canal area. In 1941
h-4s pr.va.4 e address was Bad Bertr-...ch, Villa Meduna. In April
1941 he volunteered for GS actves in the Near East75.
Prof. Dr. Adam FALKENSTE N
He was born c:'rca ':907.. A university professor of old
or2.ental an.guages and assyrology he was a member of German
archeoloW cal expecL.tons to Warka, Iraq. In April 1941 he was
t.1-7.e German A: ..r For:: e and was considered for GIS.recruit-
ment and so ,as a prospec.t'.ve member of the intended German
7sc
diplomat:c on to iraq,
Otto FALT S
NAI
Corrimer Counselor Nvrenna ucl-llauben 7 a/1.9),. He
s a fr:.end of Suthas Ch,andra BOSE.
SS Untersturmfuehrer and a member of the SD who in
194:. ws ons:.dered for an ass-gnrnent wth. th.e GIS under
cover s a mernl- er of the German Consulate at Adana, Turkey
Fr, edr h FAST
A .17Terrn?ar_ ria.t:or.a.;. and hoe ,_ owner wth long experience in
Aral- c.'ou.ritnes. :.n 2-aru?.ry 1942 he was considered for recruit-
ment tv t.~e G..S for ..ts "Operat:onL :n the Near East79.
fnu FE,HL
In :941 he was a member of the German Embassy in Paris
and connected w1-7. the ed:'.t-f.ng of the Arab publication "La Nation
Arake"".
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General He_rnuth FELMY
?
A ret..red officer of the German Air Force born in 1884, he
was a nepf-..ew of Envoy GROBBA. In April 1941 he was employed
Ly business company as a Near East specialist. During World
War he commanded a German Air Force unit. in the Suez Canal
Zone Egypt. FELMY offered his services to the GIS for an
ass4nment. n the Near East and was appointed commander of the
"Spec..:".al Task Group FELM.Y", which was charged with the or-
..
ga.n.,za+-..-'.on of Ar11.7, volunteer units and Arab agent training at
Cap Sunion n Greece 194: .194281.
Dr. W. FERNAU
Born ?.:n 19.1.1, '7.e was employed by the G. Farben Company
in :.94l as a Near East expert: He studied economy and oriental
languages and spoke Eng:: sh, French, italian, Turkish and Arabic..
He d.:_sb.ked 7.. G. Farben and wanted to be a
correspondent for t.}.-?e "Frankfurter Ze.tung", but1... G. Farben
refused tn release 17?rri on grounds of war pr:'er'...tx,r. He :s behved
4-.o e der.t:'.c.a.:. Fr:.edr:,ch-Wi:helrn FERNAU, an ernp;o-yee in
off:'ne of t1-7e Gerr-n3.r Atachein Ankara in i943,i9448.
W:_. FERNAU
He was an NCO of the German_ Armed Forces and was empAoyed
the off e of ??he German M::.t.ary Attache in Ankara :_n1943-1.944.
He beeved t:o e den*:.c.a, w.:th Dr. W. FERNAU, a Near East.
sper? s?
f
Fart en Company in194183,
Lieutenant Erw:.n 0*.to FrNK
A rnErrilLer of the A w r of the Abwehr arid chf.,efc.1 + e
ase cover as A s sstanl- to the
p84
Cermr Co-rimer,T ?.1 Aa e
.M..ss F RKS
4
A .S er under ?-?.over as a s+ enotyp: st : he off cc GI ? --
German MI .tary A'?a(.1.e n ,n 194285
Otto F SCHER
W:
A Germr Se`'. er ?r Feuan. n 1939 presu.rna
,czr
S
Kar.. F.SCHER
a
,.n contact
.ss: s4 rY of *.(2 German PoLce Attache of the RSHA), Ernst
GUDjONS, Tang:,er :n1944. ,He was expel:led from Tangier 1--y
Span:.sh author:: es 7r. May :94487
Dr. mu F:SCHER
A phys:::an w}-16 was a member of the German Legation in
Kabul .n 1942 -.94388.
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I-Tp:_nrh FLASS
A member of the GS group 'RECKE" in Ceuta in 194489.
Wilhelm vor FLUEGGE. SPECK, as Reand LAUSNG
A GS ager' ? under cover as a professor at an unidentified
edu:_ational Turk.sh :.nst:tute. He also advised the German
Embassy fl Ankara on economc matters. In 1942-!.944 he was
act:ve ::n Turk: sh student rircles and in contact with Dr. Paul
LEVERKUEHN, chief of the GiS base n :stanbul90
.
f"- 4t r
CA. .L`a.
A CrS meml- er :n Tangier, presumably attached to the
group "RECKE" ]r, lq449:.
Walde ma r FORST
An SDagen.t., who trove:Jed on operational miss:7.?ns to ?..talv,
Ser:.-3 and Greece ..11 '942 connection wth Near East
act:".v.t:.es92.
mu FRANK
An eng..neer empoved ly e ?HAMAWERK!! Company
Ge7rrrin Er.rn :.n .;:'n 7.939 he was in contact w'.th Karl
RUFF, i G.:S agent :n Ha.fa9..3
Wa. er FRANK
A pa?.-rist.er 'ned t.o office of the German M
A7.'.i .e n 19 ;r4g4.
U. CoA r e fnu FREUND
A AL._ 1 . _ .1" fl A A (4
J- L pr? A./ 4 ' (..) 1 r . Ti : , 9
'vr..kt-or FR.EDE
A meml er of t}-e Nz:.P rt s Organ:zat.:'.on Abroad"
:4s e--=.der .n Turkey q42-. 943, under cover as a
represen_t.----1+.-ve for --.n:t?ers c.oncerang German :n
H d 2 1')r? :nte;:gence ne.vvork n.
-Fur kr\ r\-/6.,
mu FROHW'E N
An Envoy
cr?
..944/
P 6FM, e dea:*
cr.'Sact..:.v:-t.:eQ 171 ' ? rkey
Toach..no FUEGEMANN, FUEHLEMANN
A Naval spotter and member of the G'S group "RECKE"
Tang..er after July 1q43, under cover as a German consular
employee. Lr Octol.-.!er q41 e was reportedly sl 7 in Tangier".
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Herbert GAERTNER
A paymaster in the Abwehr he was attached to the office of
the German Military Attache in Turkey in 1943.79
(Miss) Irene GALLIEN
In 1941-1943 she was a stenotypist at the German Legation in
Kabul and became engaged to Captain WIT ZEL, chief of the GIS
base in Kabul. Her mother's address (1943) was (fnu) GALLIEN,
Koenigsberg, Tragheimer - Kir chstrasse 69100
(Miss) Marie GANGLBERGER
She was an Ahwehr member under cover as a stenotypist in 1(.11
the office of the German Military Attache in Ankara in 1942-1944"A
fnu GASKEL
A German official who took part in a conference of G.FM
officials with the Grand Mufti and GHAILANI in 1942102.
Thomas GEISEHOFER
An RSHA agent and member of the GIS group "RECKE" in
Tetuan after July 1943, under cover as a German consular em-
ployee. He returned to Germany in September 1944103.
Captain Max GERL, alias BORIS
He was born on .1 January 1898 in Cologne and in 1941 his
Lome address was Pforzheim,Friedenstrasse 145. He was a
member of the Pconomic Section of the Abw ehr I of the
Abwehr in SwitzerLland in 1.941-1942. He worked under German
d;.plorria.fic cover as a scientific advisor to the German Legation
in Bern and surveilled the activities of members of the Af5han
Military Mission during their stay in Switzerland in 194110.
fnu GEYER
He was a mernter of the GFM with the rank of Legation
Secr etarv and in :942 was assigned to the GPM department
concerned ?sysh military and G.TS mattersl05.
fru GLBHARDT
An All-velar member in Casablanca in 1942
-} ,6 4,
Z.4 1
,-.. f 4 - 1
IlltMIL 1/4-0OiiToi
Captain fnu GLOGER
Commission.
under Lover
(ALK)106.
as
He was an officer for Itspecial duties" with the German
High Command (OKH). In 1942 he was proposed for GIS work
in the Caucasus under cover as Assistant Military Attache in
Ankara107.
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1st 14:_eutena.nt Hermann GOERITZ, aka Harald GOERITZ, aka Herrmann
0
GOEICT Z, aka Hermann GOERITZ
He was born on 24 November 1899 in Nuerenberg. He was a
member of the A.bw ehr III of the Abwehr and was assigned to
t."F,e GIS group "RECKE" in 1941-1944, under cover as German
Vice-Consul in Tangierl".
Mathias GOERITZ
A German lecturer at the German school ("Deutsche Academie")
in Tangier. His expulsion by Spanish authorities, presumably for
11111
GIS activities, was expected in May 1944"7.
Dr. fnu GRAEFE
An officer of Department IV of the RSHA with the rank of
"SS-Sturm..bannfuehrer", he negotiated with the GFM the integra-
tion of SD agents in the German diplomatic mission in Turkey in
1941. In October 1942 he went to Turkey to promote better co-
operation between the GIS and the Turkish Intelligence Service.
His home address in 1942 was Berlin. Berkaerstrasse 3211?.
Dr. Ulrich Hans von GRANOW
From 1932-1934 he had served as Secretary with the German
Legation n Baghdad. In 1941 he was an official in the Cultural
Depar'-,mqn.t of the GFM with the rank of Legation Counselor. He
spoke good Arabic and_ in 1941 was selected a member of the contem-
pThled German diplomatic mission to Iraq, and for GIS work in the
Near East. When this assignment did not materialize (because of
the Allied occupation of Iraq) GRANOW was sent to Athens in ?
November 1.941 and assigned to GFM liaison duties with the special
task group 'FELMY"
LT. +1-0 ?c2. A-,- i?-? 4- 4 ?,-.01,? p .,4; AtVIA "11
GA. 4.10.4. \r; I...I. A ..A L-3. A. .A. Li 10, 16.0 La.%..0 ?????? %.111.a. so,
April 942 he accompanied Arab refugee leaders on their visit
to Rome and as of December 1942 he became a member of the Arab
Cornrn."+,ee at the GFM in Berlin. In June 1944 for reasons not
sf.ated, he left the GFM to join the German Armyin
Dr. F GROBBA
October 1939 GROBBA was the German Envoy in Baghdad,
and aiso a_.:redited as the Envoy to Saudi Arabia. He had exercised
gr 'j_nfluence ;.n Arab circles in Baghdad and established contact
\A/t1.-.. the Pan-Arab Nationalist Movement. He was active in the GIS'
Nfr East operations, meddled in internal Arab affairs, and was
openly lccused by the British authorities of having plotted with the
King GHAZI of Iraq for the annexation of Kuwait. The British
also a.c.cu.sedh:.m of stirring up trouble in Persian Gulf countries.
GROBBA also conducted negotiaitions with King Ibn SAUD and
inducted :br SAUD' s Counselor Halid AL-HUD to visit Berlin in
May 1939.
When Iraq broke off diplomatic relations with Germany at the
beginning of the war in 1939, he returned to Berlin and was attached
to KEPPLER' s office ("BUREAU KEPPLER"), where he specialized
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in Arab affairs. However, his contacts and influence extended beyond
the Arab sphere. Among his acquaintances were many prominent
Turks, Iranians and Afghans. Thus, in December 1940, he was in-
volved in GFM plans to smuggle arms via Turkey to Iran and was in
personal contact with Iranian princes Obeid ULLAH and Hussein
RAHMAN'.
In the spring of 1941 GROBBA assisted Admiral CANARIS in
strengthening GIS networks in the Near East.
When the Iraqi-British conflict began in May 1941, he flew to
Baghdad to support GHAILANI. He was accompanied by Capt.
KOHLHAAS of the Abwehr. When their mission failed, the GFM
and the Abwehr blamed each other for the failure.
Upon his return to Berlin GROBBA was chief of the "Arab
Committee" in November 1941, and was entrusted with the care of
the Grand Mufti and GHAILANI and their respective entourages.
Subsequently the so-called "OFFICE GROBBA" was established.
In the fall of 1941 he was the supervisor of the "Arab Legion" and the
"Indian Legion" for the GFM.
In January 1942 GROBBA was named chief of the reorganized
CiFivi "Arab Committee" and was at the same time a member of the
"Committee for Coordination of Oriental Questions".
In February 1942, he accompanied the Grand Mufti and GHAILANI
to Italy assuming there the post of "GFM Phnipotentiary for Arab
Affiars". However, his flair for plots and intrigues soon caused him
to clash not only with ETTEL, but also with the Grand Mufti and his
followers. The Grand Mufti's repeated complaints resulted in the
removal of responsibility for matters concerning the Grand Mufti
from "OFFICE GROBBA". This responsiblity was subsequently
assigned to ETTEL in June 1942. Further interference by GROBBA
in various Arab affairs (ie. "Arab Committee", "Central Islamic
Institute", 'Arab News Bureau" and Arab broadcasts) finally forced
the GFM to take action against him. In March 1943 he was banned
from taking part in Arab affairs, and was sent to Paris as a member
of the GFM's Archives Commission.
From the documents under study it appears that GRO12kTz.A was
a.n ambitious schemer who aimed at becoming a sort of Near East
"Gauleiter". He favored GHAILANI over the Grand Mufti, ,and in
return for his support, the Iraqi ex-Premier promised him material
advantages upon GHAILANI's reinstatement as Prime Minister of
!!Greater Arabia". the4-
Iraq or even of a - From cctpctire%.t documents
it is apparent that GROBBA was an SD informant and a confidant of
SD agent, fnu WEISE, who was attached to the Grand Mufti by the
RSHA112.
Otto von GROTE
He was a member of the GFM's department dealing with military
and GIS matters in June 1941 and was the chief of this department from
August 1942 to June 1944. He held the rank of Legation Counselor. In
Octobe-r 1944 he was drafted into the Armed Forces and left the GFM.
During his activities as chief of the above mentioned GFM department
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von. GROTE was c.osel-,,, connected with rmlitayy and GIS matters and had
leading role Ln the C1FM's organizational changes which were necessi-
tated by the for ma.:1cm of 'Amt M" in March 1944. He was also a mem-
ber the SS,
November 1943".".
Dr. fnu GROEBL
1,--e e-_.(1 the rank of "SS-Sturrnbannfuehrer" in
He was an agent of the RSHA with the rank of SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer,
and was considered for GS work at Izmir, Turkey, under cover as a
Cerman cons:r employee. The GFM opposed the nomination because
of GROEBL's prevfmus service in Switzerland where he had been com-
promised and from where he1-..n.dte-t he
receled in October 1941114.
Ernst GUDjONS, aka CUD JONN
An SS-01:,ersturrnfuerhrer and RSHA member who was the
Police Attache in Tangier wider cover as a German consular employee
at Tetuan. He was reca.,Yled aft.er the closing of the German Consulate
in Tangier in 1944-'-15
D friu GUKES
A leader of e "Naz.. Party s Organizat'on Abroad" in Turkey in
1934-1936. He took part .?)_ri
Lt Colonel ;Dr. fnu GUSE
'3ffi,-:er in the German. Army and former Chief of Staff of the
Third Turkish Army :in Erzerum during World War he was an
expert on the Near East. His home address in 1939 was Neubabe1s-
1;ergs Friedrf.c.-Kar:Lstrasse 5"'
fnu HAAS
A Cierm,7.7. off.:1;c:a.: supposedly stationed Batum, in the
Caucasus, in 1940 and ::onnected with Gern-lan-ranian A T18
Lt. Colonel August. HAENSEL
The f1erm2. Ass; st ;-- A: .r ATt he in Ankara in 943944 19?
Dr. Frar.z HAFNER
An interpre7-.er in the off.:: :.:e of the German Military Attache in
Ankara :in
fnu HALL
A GIS agent. ,n Dildda, Saud__ Ar7d-A in i942. 1-12s secretary
was Miss) fnu PAUSCH1-21.
fnu HAPPE
A German official connected with German -Af han trade in
1940 It was planned to station him irai the USS_L-;i2
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fnu HARBERS
A CI.S rneml er attached to the G.i:S base in Tabriz in 1941.
After, the or:cupaton of Iran by the Allies in August 1941, he
ope.r-a+_ed undergiound and was later arrested by the British in
sot}-ern Iran. Wh.e working underground, his supervisor was
Lt. Col. fnu SCHULZE123.
HARTENBACH
A Cr._'S agent in Turkey, he was in contact with the GIS
Ease in ;stantult.-24
Dr. Gust-,av HAT SCHEK
A physician :e're specialist) who travelled to Mossul in
Iraq in 2L9.40, presurna.t,ly on a GIS mission12 5
HEBERLEIN
?
A w.'t operator of the GIS group "RECKE" at Tetuan in 1944,
k..rcier o?er*"...;ferrnan consular employee126.
fnu. H.-ETERLE'.N
Leg at..on Consulor at the German Embassy in Madrid in 1940.
He was selected to to Tetuant27.
(Miss) Charlotte HEFTER
A member of th-e. A1,-.-w e1 r I I of t:r..e A.}.;,wehr, she was
Lorn on 23 May 1897. Her home address was Berlin-Schoenenberg,
Landsh.uerstrasse 33. She was working a.s a clerk for KRUEGER,
chief of t're:1:17/.1.S n Tangier after July 1941; later she also worked for ,
1 8
+1-.e (2.S.47r roup 'RECKEr'. December 1944 she was still. Tangier
Lt r I- I-1E 1-)
He was born c.irr.a.'..891? During Worf:i..c1 War I he served as a
1,....eutenar.4 C. T1 the Staff of General KRESS von KRESSENSTEIN
the Near East . In 1.941 he was co r.-.4ir..ez nitirp,"KONDAVIA" Company
In Ka.r.'sruhe, and vo:unteered for a GIS assignment. 1..1 the Near
Ea 9
Johann
Ars Prnp'cvee in the
Ank3/-3 -n 1943. _944:30
Dr Ernst HE.NR.CH
?
of.Ece of the German Naval Attache n
He was an engireer-architect born circa 1899. He spoke
Ar-Fi nd was a rnemter of the German archaelogical expedi-
tor as Warka, Iraq, in1931. In April 1941, while serving with
the Germ4n Army n Denmark, he was considered for a GIS
assignrnen in the Near East131.
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Hermann HENNING
A German national interned for unknown reasons by the Vichy
French authorities in camp Kef in Tunis in 1941132.
Kurt HENSCHELL, aka HENSCHEL
An officer of the German Navy, born on 14 March 1895,
who served in the German Consulates in Santiago and Paris.
In February 1944, he was chief of the Code Section of the German
Consate in Istanbul; and in April 1944 the British Intelligence
Ser.v.ce approached him in a defection attempt133.
Dr. Georg Werner Coto von HENTIG, aka Dr. W. 0. von HENTIG
Former German Envoy in Cairo in 1939 and chief of the
"Dezernat fuer Vordera.sien" (Department for Southwestern
Asia) at the GFM in September 1939. He was referred to as
"Maor" in October 1941. Von HENTIG was an expert in Turkish
affairs. He a:r.so had good contacts with Syrian refugee national-
ist leaders, and in May 1941 was sent to Syria under cover as a
member of the Sta'.iar Armistice Commission. During this
mission, he took part in the German support of Iraq's fight
rst r a:- n.
Af*er _rag s fa,.1 he returned to Berlin, was entrusted with
.er s concerning the Pan-Turanian movement, and was given
4111/ rar,k -Sonderfuehrer" (specialist). As a special emissary,
'he went to the Caucasian front in August 1941. In November 1941
he returred to Berlin and was put in charge of all matters con-
e e r nirg Moslems In the Soviet Union. Von HENTIG had past
r:onnect-.ors ik.T+.1-/ Afghanistan and was active in Moslem circles
in BerI
14
Dr. fnu HERSL:.EB
A C.T_FM. ofLcia scheduled to travel to Ankara for the
purpose of negot:a4,.:..ne the release of Arrested GIS agents in
Turkey :.941135
fnu HEUSGEN
A
uTzTS off*.er a.tta.ched to the Africa Corps i June 1942136
?
Ba.ror: Dr. Bernd Otto von HEYDEN-RYNSCH
He was a GFM __:.aison officer with the Ministry of War in
1939. From Mar--1-..940 to July 1940 he was chief of the GFM
departmf;rt with military and GIS matters. in November
2.940, 1-..e w.s a member of the German Embassy in Madrid. He
is poss:ibily identical with fnu von HEYDEN who was a member of
he Germar Letzation in Cairo in 1939137.
fnu HEZ.:NGER
Consular Secretary of the German Legation in Teheran in
the summer of 1941. In October 1942 he was a member of
ETTELfs staff at the GFM in Berlin. In 1944, he took part in the
wholesale slaughter of Jews in Hungary138.
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fnu HILPERT
He was an employee of the German airlines, "LUFTHANSA" in
Kabul, presumably before World War II. In March 1941 he accom-
pan:;.ed Subh.as Chandra BOSE on his trip from Kabul to Germany via
the USSR139.
Harun Al Raschid HINTERSATZ
A retired Colonel of the Turkish Army and retired Major
of the German Army, he was a Near East expert and was con-
sidered for a 015 assignment in the Near East in 1942 in connec-
.._.or with the GIS' "Operation L"140.
Lieutenant (Prof. Dr.) Walter Adolf HINZ
An officer of the German Army who was a GIS member
under cover as Assistant to the German Military Attache in
Istanbul in 1943-1944141.
fnu HLINAC
A German postal official expelled from Turkey for alleged
espionage activities in 1943142.
friu HOEFLINGER
A GIS officer in Berlin in 1941143
Helmut HOEHNE
A driver in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara 1944144
.1.)r . , I-I.ClENE.RBACH
A 11-n?_v e s: f,y professor and German Army "Special. Represen=
he acted as Arab interpreter for the German High Command.
He was 'Al charge of Arab psychological warfare activities on the
Western Front in 1939.194015.
Erich. HORNBERGER
He was with the German Legation in Baghdad in 1937.1939 and
in 194: was attached to the Personnel Department of the GFM with
the rank of Consular Secretary. He was selected as a possible
member of the German diplomatic mission which was to return to
Traq In the spring of 1941146.
fnu HUBER_
An agent of Department IV of the RSHA in Bangkok in 1942147.
Kurt HUEBMERSHOFEN-WASSER
A then-iber of the Abwehr I, under diplomatic cover
as German Vice-Consul. in Izmir, Turkey. He was chief of the
GTS base in Izmir in 1942-1944148.
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Dr. fnu HUOBER
A German national and high school teacher in Baghdad in
1939. He was presumably a GIS contact149.
fnu IGEL
He was a GIS agent in Istanbul in 1944150.
(Miss) Dorothea IMBERG-STUDIER
A stenotypist in the office of the German Air Attache in
Ankara in 1942151.
(Miss) Marie IMHOF
A member of the Abwehr III and served under diplomatic cover as a
stenotypist in the German Consulate in Istanbul in 1941-1944152.
fnu von JAHNKE
A (171kA expert on Indian affairs stationed in the Far East
in 1942153.
fnu JENKE
Envoy in the German Embassy in Ankara in 1943154.
Dr. fnu JOHANSEN
An unidentified German (connected with the "Hamburg
Education Board") who mediated in favor of former GIS agent
von BASSEWITZ, when the latter attempted to join the German
Armed forces in 1939155.
Prof. Dr. fn,2.. JORDAN
A German teacher at a Baghdad school and chief of the
Baghdad organization of the Nazi Party. J. 16
v?-? 1939, he was
expelled by the Iraqi Government in connection with the as-
sasination of the British Consul in Mosu1156.
(M-_:_ss) Johanna KAERGEL
A stenotypist in the office of the German Military Attache
in Ankara in 1944157.
fnu KAPP
Prior to World War II, he served for ten years with the
German diplomatic mission in India and was considered a
GFM expert on Indian affairs. In 1942, he was at the GFM in
Berlin, active in Arab propa:Landa. His daughter, Nele KAPP
defected to the Allies in 1944ID8.
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(Miss) Nele KAP?, aka Nelly KAPP
She was born on 31 July 1919 and was secretary to the SD chief
in Turkey, Ludwig MOYZISCH, where she defected to the Allies
in April 1944159.
Dr. Inu KASPAR
An official in the Cultural Department of the GPM.in 1941.
He had previously served in the German Consulate in Tripolis
and in April 1941 he was considered by the GIS for an assignment
in the Near East160.
fnu KAULMANN
He was a member of the Waffen SS who was a guard at the
German Consulate in Istanbul in 1944 under cover
4.1
clerk1"-.
Waldemar KELLER, aka Anton Waldemar KELLER
Q
an office
A Naval observer and member of the GIS group "RECKE" in
Tangier after July 1943, under cover as a German consular
employee. In October 1944, he was still in Tangier162.
Werner Eugen KERIviER
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" at Melilla in 1944163.
fnu KESSMAN
An official at the GFM passport office in Berlin. In 1943
he dealt with passport matters concerning Arab refugees in
Germany164
Lt. General Karl KETTENBELL
German Air Attache in Ankara in 1944165.
fnu KINZEL
A German General Staff officer connected with GIS activities
in the Near East166..
fnu KIRCHNER
A GIS member in Cairo in 1939167
fnu KLAUBE
A member of the German Military Control Commission at
Casablanca in 1941168.
fnu KLEIBER
Legation Counselor in the German Embassy in Ankara in
1942. He was active in GIS matters169.
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(Miss) Marie Louise KLEINER ?
A GIS member under cover as a stenotypist in the office of the
German Air Attache in Istanbul in 1942-1944170.
(Miss) Erika KLEPS
A stenotypist in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1944171.
fnu von KLETZKOWSKI, aka KLECZKOWSKI, aka KLETSCHKOWSKI
A member of the Abwejar III at the GIS base in Istanbul, under
cover as a journalist. He worked for Captain LUDW/G of the GIS and
also for General Consul TWARDOWSKI of the GFM. In February 1944
he defected to the Allies172.
Dr. Ernst KLINGMUELLER
He was born on 29 September 1914 and studied law and
oriental languages. He became an employee of the German Air
Ministry' s'Research Institute" on 1 September 1936. He spoke
the following languages: English, French, Arabic, Hebrew,
Haussa, Swahili and some Italian. In 1939, he applied for a job
at the GFM and was introduced to von RIBBENTROP, but the GFM
was unable to hire him because his work with the "Research
Institute" was of a higher war priority. In 1940, he was also
assistant to Professor BJOERKMANN, of the University of
Berlin. In April 1941, he was considered for a GIS assignment
in the Near East. In 1942 he took part in the GFM's "Arab
Committee" sessions in Berlin as a representative of the Air
l?knistry173.
fnu KNOTHE
An official of the German Ministry of Propaganda, who was
connected with the editing of an unidentified German published
Arab magazine in 1941174.
Werner von KOBLINSKT
An employee in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1944175.
fnu KOCH
An official of the German Administration for Occupied
Eastern Territories* who went to Casablanca as a member
xzi.: 1041176
SJJ ..Li%...7 CI LIICLI.L. AVI.L.11 y J. 1/414.11.lai.E. 01 111 A
?
(Miss) Paula KOCH
1941 she was a GIS agent under cover as a nurse at the
Swiss Consulate in Beirut. She was a cut-out to GIS Arab agents
* Primarily refers to USSR territory occupied by the German
Armed Forces.
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in Lebanon and Egypt. After the occupation of Syria in the
summer of 1941, she was sent to Turkey where she worked
under cover as stenotypist in the German Consulate in Adana.
She was still in Adana in March 19441/7.
fnu KOEBISCH
A paymaster who was a member of the Abwehr in 1943178.
(Miss) Gert rud KOELCHEN
A member of the Abwehr under cover as a stenotypist in
the German Consulate at :izmir, Turkey in 1943.4944179.
fnu KOESTER
Consul General at Venice in 1941, and listed as a GFM
expert on Indian affairs180.
Captain fnu KOHLHAAS, aka "Dr. KOHLHAAS"
He was a member of tha Abwehr 1 and served at Abwehr
in Berlin in 1939. In May 1941 he accompanied Ehvoy GROBBAto
Baghdad during the 'Iraqi coup. The differences that arose between
them during the mission were also the subject of a controversy
between Admiral CANARIS and the GFM18 .
,Lambert KONZELMANN, aka Lampert KONZELMANN
In July 1943 he was a radio operator of the GIS group,
"RECKE" in Tangier, under cover as a German consular em-
ployee. in October 1944 he was still :In Tangier182.
Dr. Franz W. KOPP
A GIS agent from Geneva and a collaborator of GIS' agent
LORENZ. He lived for many years in Alsace where he claimed
to have 1.-...een born. In 1940? KOPP lived in Paris and was in
constant contact with. the Director General of the European
Sec4..ion of the Standard Oil Company, BARSLAN-FINALY,
from whom he obtained assistance in several GIS operations1-83
fnu KOSLOWSKT
A Waffen SS member who was a 5 German in the Consulate
ir. Istanl-u:'..5n 1944, under cover as an office assistant184.
fnu KRAMER
A GS member who was under cover as German Vice-Consul
in Melilla, Spanish Morocco in 1943.4944185.
Hans KR.AMARZ
As a Legation Secretary at the GFM, he was the GFM
representative with the headquarters of the 16th German Army
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in 1939. In May 1940 he was Deputy Chief of "Referat Partei"
(Nazi Party liaison desk) of the GFM's Department "Germany".
In July 1940 he assumed charge of the GFM's department con,
?-tff1-1 T.Y114tart-r and intelligencematters; he directed this
department until August 1942. He was then attached to the
German diplomatic mission in Spain186
Major fnu KRAPPE
A German Army officer attached to the Indian Legion in
Germany in 1943187.
Dr. W. KRAUEL
German Consul General in Geneva who was in contact with
Arab refugee nationalist leaders in Switzerland in 1942188
Guenther KRAUS
A GIS member scheduled to go to Tangier under cover as
clerk at the German Consulate in Tangier in 1944189.
Friedrich KRAUSE
An employee in the office of the German Naval Attache in
Ankara in 1943-1944190.
Captain fnu KREHL
wa: a incrp 5er of Abwehr II who in 1942, was men ionc;3
co:.1.cc-`,?on wit'? GIS act:'..vitieFin Turkey191.
(Mrs.) Dr. fnu KRETSCHMAR
She was a GFM employee and oriental expert. She was
assigned to Rome :.n 1941 to serve ,as liaison between the GFM
and In_chan refugee leader SHEDAI.192.
Dr. fnu KR:EGER
Legation Counselor in the Visa Section of the GFM in
Berlin. .111942, he dealt with passport matters concerning
Near East pokt:cal refugees who resided in Germany at that
t:crne1.93
. Hans Anton KROLL
German Envoy in Ankara, connected with GIS activities in
1940-1943194.
Heinrich KROELL, aka Heinz KROELL, aka KROLL
w/t operator in the GIS group "RECKE" in Tangier in
1942-1944, under cover as a clerk in the German Consulate195.
Hans Paul KRUEGER
A GIS member with the rank of "Special Representative" who
was assigned to Tangier in August 1940 under cover as Gelman
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Vice Consul. In 1943 he became a member of the GIS group
"RECKE" in Spanish Morocco and Tangier. After the departure
of Colonel RECKE in January 1944, KRUEGER was placed in
charge of GIS activities in North Africa196.
V Jr 1 1 II ? A
T.,. 4. .
intl. A.11. L.) Z.J1V1.1v.L.r_,
He was a GFM official with the rank of Envoy. In 1942 he
was connected with German propaganda efforts directed at Iran197.
Erich KRUEGER
Lt.
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Ceuta in 1944198.
Colonel fnu
von KRUMMACHER
A German Army officer attached to the Arab Legion at Cap
Sunion in Greece in 1942199.
Professor fnu KUEHNEL
A German orientalist200
Major fnu KUMMROW
A GIS officer in Berlin connected with Near East operations
in 19442?1.
fnu KUNERT
A GIS courier between Berlin and Teheran in 1941-19422?2
fnu KURMIS
A member of the RSHA with the rank of SS-Hauptsturm-
fuehrer, he was selected to go to Trapezunt in 194/ under cover
as a German consular employee203
Friedrich LACHER
A driver in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 19444u'.
Emil Willi Otto LAMPRECHT
A naval observer and member of the GIS group "RECKE"
in Tangier under cover as an employee of the German Consulate
in 1943.-19442?J.
fnu LANGENHEIM
He was born in Tetuan, the son of a prominent German
settler. In 1942 he was a member of the GIS attached to GIS
leader, GIBHARDT under cover as a member of the German
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?Arrnistice Commission at Casablanca. After the Allied landing
at Casablanca, LANGENHEIM was attached to the GIS group
"RECKE" in Tangier. He was compromised when a w/t set
was found in his own villa at Tangier. This led to his expulsion
by the Spanish authorities in May 1943206.
"Roland LATTSING:' true name Wilhelm von FLUEGGE SPECK
The alias of a member of the GIS (presumably of the PP and
PM component of the Abwehr) who went on a sabotage mission to
Turkey and India in 1940. He was in contact with the GIS in Berlin
through a cut-out, fnu von STRUENSE (chief of the German Lufthansa
in Turkey)207.
Josef LEDERBAUER
An NCO of the German Armed Forces who was a GIS i;nember
under cover as an employee in the office of the German Military
Attache in Turkey in 1943208.
fnu LENGELING
He was a member of the Nazi Party who was an expert on the
Near East. In Saudi Arabia (presumably prior to World War I.1)
he embraced the Islamic faith for opportunistic reasons. In Janu.-
-
ary 1942, he was working on a card index* of all important Arab
personalities listing, among other details, their various weak
e nesses, such as drug addiction, corruptness, abnoramilities, etc.
In January 1942 he was selected for a GIS assignment in2" the Near
East in connection with the GIS' "Operation. L" in Egypt?
Dr. Heinz LENZEN
He was born in 1901. Although an architect by profession,
he took part in German archeological expeditions to Warka, Iraq.
He spoke Arabic and attended a military school of languages in
order to learn African dialects. In 1941 he served with the German
Army in France. In April 1941 he was considered for a GIS assign-
ment in an Arab country210.
fnu LET SCH
An interpreter in Arabic and a member of the propaganda unit
of
L,Le German
Army in -19.47211.
fnu LECHNER
?
He was a member of the RSHA who was a w/t operator under
cover as an employee of the German Consulate in Tangier. After
his transfer to the German Consulate in Tetuan in June 1944, he
was expelled by the Spanish authorities212.
Not located among the captured documents examined to
date.
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Josef LEDERBAUER
He was a member of the Abwehr under cover as a driver in
the office of the German Military Attache in Istanbul in 1942-1944213.
fnu LEIPZIGER
He was a former Spanish Foreign Legionnaire who was a mem-
ber of the GIS group "RECKE". He was compromised while shadow-
ing General ORGAZ, the Spanish High Commissioner in Tangier and
was expelled from Spanish Morocco in March 1943214.
Dr. Harald LEITHE-JASPER
He was a GFM official with the rank of SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer.
In 1942 he served in Rome and in 1944 as Legation Counselor with
the German Embassy in Turkey. In June 1944 he was a member
of the Information Department of the GFM in Berlin215.
fnu von LERSNER
A former GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor.
He was reported by the British press to have travelled to Turkey
21A
on a special (presumably GFM) mission in 1939- .
Captain (Dr.) Paul LEVERKUEHN, German cryptonym: POLLUX
In 1940 he was an Abwehr officer in Tabriz, Iran and Admiral
Canaris wanted to appoint him as the chief of the GTS in that station.
In June 1941 he was assigned to Turkey where he was under cover
as the Assistant Military Attache. He was chief of the GIS base in
Istanbul from where he directed GIS operations into Arab countries.
He met most of the prominent Arab nationalist leaders who sought
political asylum in or passed through Turkey during World War II,
and was one of the most important GIS operatives in the Near East
during that period. In March 1944 he was recalled to Germany pre-
surnably as a consequence of the defection of GIS members in Turkey
in the spring of 1944. However, reports indicated that he was still
.)1
in Istanbul in May 1944"1
fnu von LEWINSKI, (Sr.)
He was a former GFM Consul General and a known Near East
exert. In May 1942 he was selected to go on a GIS mission to King
Ibn SAUD, but the GFM objected on the grounds that von LEWINSKI
was too well known in the Near East218
fnu von LEWINSKI, (Jr.
(Sr.
He
). LEWINSKI (Jr.) served in the German Consulate in Cairo219.
was a GFM official and nephew of Consul General LEWINSKI,
Comtesse Vicky LEYDEN, nee OPPENHEIM, widowed FRANKENBERG
A cousin of Max von OPPENHEIM (the Near East expert and
retired GFM official and GIS agent). During World War II she lived
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in Montreux, Switzerland. Her husband, fnu LEYDEN, was former
German Consul in Cairo. In 1941 she was in touch with the exiled
Arab leader, Emir Chekib ARSLAN, who was then in Geneva220.
Walter LINDE
A GIS member under cover as a clerk in the German Consulate
in Istanbul in 1944221.
fnu LINDEMANN
In 1940 he was chief of the MELCHERS COMPANY in Bremen,
which had branches in China, Turkey and Iraq. some of the
Company's foreign personnel worked for the GIS with, the con-
sent of the Company's central office222.
fnu LITTER
In 1942 he was a GFI1/4.4 official in the section concerned with
Military and GIS matters.223
Ernst LOCHMANN,
Icn
-jrno
Loc., H.tviAIN IN
He was a member of the PP and 'PM component of the Abwehr.
In 1942-1944 he was with the GIS group "RECKE" under cover as a
driver in the German Consulate in Tan ier. . He was a "technical
specialist". His date of birth was 1911 4. He was a member of Abwehr
Erich LOCHNER
An NCO of the German Armed Forces and an Abwehr member,
he was under cover as an employee in the office of the German
Military Attache in Istanbul in 1942-1944225.
Captain Hans LOEWE
A Gerrrian Army officer attached to the office of the German
Military Attache in Ankara in 1944226.
fnu LOIDER
He was a Private First Class in the German Armed Forces.
In 1944 consideration was given to assigning him to the monitoring
77
service of the GIS base in Istanbul' .
Fritz Wilhelm LORENZ, alias Francois LONCLE
Born on 20 January 1913 in Cuxhaven, his home address in
1942 was Berlin-Heinesdorf, Neiikirchenstrasse 13. A GIS agent
with the rank of SS-Obersturmfuerher, he was a member of the
ABETZ group and executed GIS missi.ons in France in April-May
1940. In November 1941 he was a member of RIBBENTROP's
staff and was selected to carry out the GIS mission in the Near
East (i.e. "Operation L"), which aimed at establishing a new
GIS net in Egypt and other Arab countries. The operation did
not progress beyond the preparatory stage, and in October 1942
LORENZ returned to an-SS unit, after his preparatory work in
Spain had been compromised228.
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Major I. G. LORENZ
A member of the German Military Control Commission at
Casablanca in 1941Z29
Ludwig LOSBICHLER
He was a German businessman in Tangier and had formerly
(prior to May 1944) been a member of Abwehr III, He was
expelled from Tangier by the ppanisTi authorities in May 11)442-5?.
fnu LOSS
He was a GIS (RSHA) member with the rank of SS-Sturrnbann-
fuehrer. In 1941 he was selected for a GIS assignment in Alexandrette,
Turkey under German consular cover. His appointment was can.
celled, however231.
Captain Thomas LUDWIG, @ LE'vVIN, @ LEVIN, @ ALADIN
He was born on 10 April 189 in Vienna. From 1943-1944 he
was a member o Abweh.. III and servcc u dei cover as
Consular Secretary in the Uerman ConsuiaLe Li-eneral in Istanbul.
He presumably was chief of the CI component of the Abwehr in
Turkey. In March 1944 he was still in Istanbul232.
fnu LUEDERS
4110 An official in the Political Department of the GFM in Berlin
-
in 1942. He participated in sessions of the GFM's Arab Committee.233
Vice Admiral Rolf von der MARVvrITZ
In 1943..1944 he was chief of the GIS network in Turkey under
cover as German Naval Attache in Ankara234
Colonel fnu MAURER
In 1942 he was an officer in khwehr_.I and served i n
Berlin and directed Tripolis operations.
Otto MAYER
In 1943 he was a speaker on
.Azad Hind Radio", Radio
Berlin's Indian propaganda broadcasts236.
Wilhelm MAIER, aka MEIER, aka MEY, aka Willi MEYER
In 1944 he was a member of the RSHA and an assistant to SD
chief SCHULZE, in Tangier, under cover as a German consular
employee. He was expelled from Tangier by the Spanish authorities
in May 1944237.
Georg Friedrich MEIXNER, aka MAIXNER
In July 1943, he was a naval observer and a member of the GIS
group "RECKE" in Tangier, under German consular cover. In
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October 1944, he was still in Tangier2.38
Dr. WILHELM MELCHERS
In 1939 he was a member of the German consulate in Haifa.
Later he was an official in the GFM with the rank of Legation
Counselor and held the position of chief of a section in the GFM's
Political Department. Listed as an expert on Indian matters, he
was a member of the Indian and Arabian Committees and dealt with
matters concerning GIS activities in the Near East and India. He
was also active in Islamic circles in Berlin during World War II239.
Prof. fnu von MENDE
An official of the German Ministry for the Occupied Territories,
he was an expert on Caucasian matters and in 1942 was scheduled to
go to Turkey to contact Caucasian emigres440.
Dr. fnu MESSERSCHMIDT
A philologue from Hamburg who was active in Indian matters.
His wife (presumably a GFM employee) worked for the GFM's
Indian Committee. In 1942 both were scheduled to go to Rome to
assist the German Embassy in dealing with Indian affairs241.
Klemens MENSE
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" at Ceuta in 1944242.
Lieutenant (Dr.) Roll MERKEL
He was a member of the Abwehr under diplomatic cover as a
,courier between Berlin and Ankara from 1942-1944. He was born
in 1901243.
Johannes Ph. MERKLIN,
aka John Ph. MERKLIN
He was born in 1891 and in 1941 his residence was in Potsdam
(Sedanstrasse 26). He had business contacts in Syria prior to
World War II and enjoyed good relations with Syrian tribal leaders
He also had lived in Mexico (time not identified) and spoke French
as well as Spanish. In April 1941 he volunteered for a GIS assign-
rnPnt in Syria244
fnu MERTZ, @ METZLER
He was an agent ,.:)14: t Abwelar I :3egment of the Abwehr base in
Hamburg and worked independently in Tetuan in 1941_ He corn-
promised his code, and his wit contact with his home base, and
was recalled to Germany in January 1944245.
fnu MEYER
He was a Private First Class in the German Armed Forces
and a member of the GIS under cover as a driver in the office of
the Military Attache in Ankara in 1943246
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(Miss) fnu MEYER
She was a member of the Abwehr under cover as a stenotypist
in the office of the German Air Attache in Ankara in 1942247.
Johann Adolf Kurt MEYER
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" at Ceuta in 1944248.
Lt. Colonel fnu MEYER-RICKS
A GIS officer who was Chief of Staff of the Arab Legion's
training unit at Camp Sunion, Greece in 1942249.
Captain fnu MINK W IT Z
wasBe an Abwehr II officer And served in
Berlin in 194.30
.
fnu MIROW
He was an official of the GFM with the rank of Legation
Secretary and served as a member of the "OFFICE GROBBA"
in 19424451
fnu MISSIR
He was a member of L-ne Abweb.i. III segment of Abwehr base
in Izmir, Turkey from 1942-1944252.
Erich MOHR
A business representative in North Africa of the German
commercial firm, DUENSING of Boizenburg, Germany. He
was expelled from French North Africa by French authorities
in 1939) presumably for engaging in GIS activities253.
fnu MOHR
German Consul in Tangier in 1943,-1944. He was connected
with GIS activities, and was possibly identical with Erich MOHR;
a business representative expelled from French North Africa in
1n.20254
He was a representative of the German firm "RHEINMETTAL
WERKE" and went to Afghanistan in 1940 in connection with the
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278
A stenotypist in the office of the German Air Attache in
Ankara in 1944. She was probably a relative of Col. Erich
MORELL, the German Air Attache in Ankara in 1943256.
fnu MORLOCK
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Colonel Erich MORELL
German Air Attache in Ankara in 1943255
(Miss) RoserriArle MORELL
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Afghan Government's purchase of German armamerts457
Ludwig MOITZISCH
?
A member of the RSHA and the SD chief in Turkey from 1940
to 1944, he was under cover as German Commercial Attache in
Ankara258.
Helmuth MUETZE
A GIS member under cover as an employee in the office of
the German Military Attache in Ankara in 1943259.
Kurt MUNZEL
An official of the GFM, he was a member of the Cultural
Department's Section, "Broadcasting VII-Orient"? and had been
a member of the German Legation in Cairo. In 1941 he was a
member of the Council of Elders of the "Islamic Institute in
Berlin. In April 1941, he was considered for a GIS assignment
In the Near East260.
Major Carl-Heinz NETTE
Assistant Military Attache in Ankara in 1944261.
Captain fnu NIESE
An Abwehr officer who served in "Office RASERHORN"
(GIS radio communications) at the Abwehr headquarters in
Berlin in 1942262.
fnu NOEHR NG
German Consul in Tangier in 1941.1942263
Gottfried von NOSTITZ, aka Siegfried von NOSTITZ
Deptyto the chief of the GFM' s department handling Military
,264.
and GIS matters in 193
fnu OBERNDOERFFER
A GIS agent who was on a GTS mission in Afghanistan in 1941
under cover as a research scientist of tropical diseases.
shot to death under undisclosed circumstances265
Max von OPPENHEIM
?
He was
Born in 1860, he was a GFM official in Cairo in 1892-1893.
During Wc_Ir1-1 1,r
T
?
was in charge of GFM intelligence activi-
ties in Egypt. He was also active as a GIS agent in Istanbul
during an unspecified period. He was considered as one of the
top German Near East experts. In 1942 he was still active in
Arab matters and was the chief of the "Orient Research Institute"
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(in Berlin), founded with the help of his personal donations. He had
wide spread contacts with various Near East personalities, both
German and native. He assisted in editing the German-sponsored
magazine "La Nation Arabe" in Paris, served as a GIS advisor on
the Near East, and relayed to the GIS all intelligence and spotting
reports sent to him by Emir Chekib ARSLAN. His last visit to
the Near East was in 1939 when he travelled to Syria arid Iraq,
presumably on a GIS mission2".
Philip OTTMAR
An office clerk in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1944267.
fnu von PAPPF.NWP"-IM
German Vice Consul in Tangier in 1942-1944268.
Ewald Christian PASCHKES
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan in 1944269.
Friedrich PAULUS
A member of the GIS base in Muenster, Germany under cover
as "European Press" correspondent in Turkey in 1943.4944. In
February 1944 he defected to the Allies270.
(Miss) fnu PAUSCH
A secretary to GIS agent fnu HALL in Djidda, Saudi Arabia
in 1942271.
fnu PETER-PIRKHAM
He was appointed Consul General in Tetuan in May 1944272.
Alexander PETERSEN
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Tangier in i7-z-z inAA273
Erich PFEFFER
According to the "Western Press" he was appointed leader
of the reorganized GIS network in Turkey in June 1944274.
Lt. Commander fnu PFEIFFER
A German Navy officer who served in the GIS' Berlin
headquarters in 1944275
Franz PFEIFFER
A driver in the office of the German Air Attache in Ankara
in 1941_1944276.
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(Miss) Margot PFUETTZER
The German wife of Major Guiseppe COMELLI (chief of the
Italian Intelligence Service in French and Spanish North Africa
during World War II). Her home address in 1944 was in Berlin
(SO 36, Fa1kensteinstrasse)277.
Willi PIF-TSCH
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Tangier in 1944278
Hans PILGER
German Envoy in Kabul during World War II, he figured
prominently in GIS operations in the Near East and India279?
Clara PILGER
The wife of the German Envoy in Afghanistan. In 1939 she
requested a USSR transit visa in order to join her husband280
fnu PIRKL
?
A German national and former Foreign Legionnaire who was
arrested in French Africa by the French authorities for alleged
espionage activities in 1943281.
Johann PISCHEK
A GIS member assigned to the GIS base in Tetuan in
December 1944 under cover as a consular employee282.
fnu PIWONKA
He was a GIS member attached to the GIS base in Tabriz in
1941. After the Allied occupation of Iran in August 1941 he par..
ticipated in underground activities under the supervision of Lt.
Colonel fnu SCHULTZE. Later he was arrested by the British
in southern Iran283.
Ludwig PLASA
A member of the GIS, he was under cover as a janitor in
the German Consulate General in Istanbul in 1944284?
Count fnu PODEWILS
In 1941 he was a GFM official with the rank of Envoy and
was listed as an expert on Indian matters285
fnu POERZGEN
286
Press Attache at the German Consulate in Tangier in 1944 .
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Major fnu PORETZKIN
He was the Abwehr officer of the Abwehr's Code Department
in 1944287
fnu PREUSS
A Waffen-SS member who was a guard at the German Consulate
in Istanbul in 1943 under cover as a consular employee288.
Captain fnu PREUSSER-VOLKER
He was the Assistant Military Attache in Turkey in 1943 and
probably a member of the Atwehr289.
Dr. friu P'RUEFER
He was a GFM official with the rank of Envoy who wa- in
charge of Arab matters in December 1942290.
Lt. Colonel fnu PUT Z
He was an Abw(1.ir II officer and served ii
Berlin iu. i942...19431.
(Miss) Gisela QUIT ZAU
A stenotypist with the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan in
1943-1944292.
Dr. W. RADEBOLD
A physician at a military hospital in Berlin in 1941 who
had previously lived in the Caucasus. As a hobby he studied
oriental languages and spoke Turkish and Persian. In April
1941 he volunteered for a GIS assignment in the Near East293
Dr. fnu RAHN
Legation Counselor with the German Embassy in Paris in
1941. In May 1941 he took part in organizing the shipment of arms
to Iraq. In 1942 he was in charge of Arab affairs at the Paris
German Embassy and dealt with matters concerning the Near
East. In 1943 he assisted GIS activities in Tunisia494.
Captain fnu R_ASERHORN
He was in charge of communications at Abwehr headquarters
In Berlin in 1940295.
fnu RASMUSS, aka RASSMUSS, German cryptonym: MAY
A GIS member under cover as German Commercial Attache at
the German Legation in Kabul in 1941,4943. Prior to the arrival
of Captain WIT ZEL in September 1941, RASNIUSS was the chief of
the GIS base in Kabul; subsequently he assisted Captain WIT ZEL
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in GIS operations. After the recall of Captain WITZEL from Afghan-
istan in September 1943, RASMUSS again took charge of GIS operations
but he too, was recalled in October 1943 after the RIS approached him
with a defection offer. RASMUSS proved to be a good operator and
laid the foundation for the vast "M-Or anization" which in effect was
7
the GIS intelligence network in inaia-
fnu RATI-IJEN
A German national who presumably lived for a time in Yemen.
Allegedly he was the only European allowed to use the familiar form
of speech with Imam JACHTA of Yemen. He was said to have been
in possession of a personal letter by Imam JACHTA granting RATH-
JEN permission to enter Yemen at any time. In 1942 RATHJEN was
selected for a GIS assignment in the Near East in connection with the
GIS' "Operation L I,
29(
Hans RECK
An employee in the office of the German Naval Attache in
Ankara in 1943-1944298.
Colonel Johann RECKE
An Abwehr officer who was chief of the GIS group "RECKE",
which operated in Tangier and Spanish Morocco in 1943-1944299.
Lothar REICH
A GIS member under cover as a driver in the office of the
300
German Military Attache in Ankara in lnAl 'CNA 4
Herrmann REICHARDT
A German postal official who was expelled from Turkey for
alleged espionage activities in 1943301.
Gerda von REICHEL
A stenotypist in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1944302.
Franz REICHERT
Presumably a GIS agent in or from Palestine. The British
Intelligence Service in Turkey was conducting traces on him in
1942-) .
Friedrich REIMANN
I-le was a me iii -A. of the
- - rrt
S 0_ L. 1 1 G (..) 1 K e y
rx la 01
in 1943 by the GIS base in r-rague
304
0
fnu REKOW SKI
A GFM official who was a member of
of the GFM's Arab Committee in 1942303.
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tl
OFFICE GROBBA" and
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Colonel fn.0 REMER
German Military Attache in Tangier in 1943-1944306
.
fnu RENGERS
An NCO of the German Armed Forces, he was attached to
the German diplomatic mission in Ankara. He defected to the
Allies in March 1944307
.
fnu RENKEN
An RSHA member with the rank of .--_;S-Obersturmbann-
fuehrer . He took part in GIS activities in Turkey in 1944308.
fnu RESCHHAUSEN
A German settler in Tangier, he had previously been Gerryian
Honorary Consul at Larache (time not specified)309.
Lieutenant General Hans RHODE
He was the German Military Attache in Ankara in 1942:1944
and participated in the conduct of GIS activities in Turkey-51U.
Dr. fnu RICHTER
He was a GFM official who had served in India prior to World
War II and was considered an expert in Arab affairs. He was the
German Consul General in Morocco in 1939. In 1941 he was in
Tetuan and in 1943 he was the German Consul General in Lausanne.
He then returned to Tetuan as Consul Genera1311.
fnu RIETH
German Consul in Tangier in May 1942
Georg von RIPKEN
312
He was a GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor
and served in the GFM' s Political Department. He took part in
Arab Committee sessions in 1942 and otherwise dealt with matters
regarding the Near East313
fnu ROEHRIG
He was a member of the German Embassy in Paris in 1943,
who was in charge of contacts with Arabs living in Paris
(including Arabs in contact with the GIS)314.
Dr. Hans .ROEMER
He was a member of the Abwehr with the rank of "Special
Representative" stationed in Alexandrete, Turkey from 1942.4944
under cover as Consular Secretary. He was born in 1915315.
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Captain Rudolf ROSER
He was an Abwehr officer who was chief of the GIS base in
Beirut in 1941. In 1942 he was attached to the German Embassy
in Ankara where he workedfor Abwehr I undei
iipio-
matic cover as a scientific assistant. He took part in inciting
the revolt of Kurd tribesmen in Iran in 1942316.
Captain fnu von RUECKTESCHELL
A German naval officer who was transferred to Singapore
in 1943 to serve as liaison officer with Subhas Chandra BOSE317.
Gerhard RUEHLE
In 1942 lv vas a GFM official with the rank of Envoy, he
served in the GFM's section, "Broadcasting VII-Orient".
He also held the rank of SS. Standartenfuehrer and was con-
cerned with Near East propaganda matters318.
fnu RUETTNER
A German national, he was interned by French authorities
in Camp Kef in 1941 for undisclosed reasons319.
fnu RUFF
He was a member of the Abwehr under cover as an employee
in the office of the German Military Attache in Istanbul in 1942320.
Karl RUFF
He was a German national born in Palestine, who was a
contact man for the German Consulate in Haifa in 1939. RUFF
was an architect by profession321.
Lieutenant Freiherr Fritz von RUMMEL
He was an Abwehr officer attached to the office of the German
Military Attache in Ankara in 1943-1944322.
Captain fnu RUPERTI
A German officer attached to the Indian Legion in Germany in
1943323.
Dr. Freiherr Enzio von SAALFELD
prior rr- v toWnrld War TT, he took part n
A physician in Cairo
a scientific expedition to Abyssinia and Kenya, and also in an
auto excursion to Afghanistan. His home address in 1941 was
Munich (Gruenewald, Hubertusstrasse 4). In 1941 he agreed to
undertake a GIS assignment in the Near East or Africa. He
spoke Arabic324.
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G. SANDSTEDE
He was a GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor, and
served in the GFM Department of Foreign Propaganda. In 1942 he
dealt with matters concerning propaganda directed at Arabs and
Indians325.
Commander Warner SCHADE
Assistant Naval Attache in Ankara in 1943-1944. He was
probably a member of the Abwehr326
Guenther SCHADECK
He was a GIS member under cover as a civilian employee
in the office of the German Military Attache in Turkey in 1943327.
Dr. fnu SCHAEFER, @ Erich SCHIERENBECK
A German official who in 1939 travelled under the above
alias from Afghanistan to Germany, via the USSR328.
(Miss) Evermarie SCHALLEHN
A stenotypist in the office of the German Military Attache in
_
Ankara in 19443? -Q
Major fnu SCHENK
He was a German Army officer who was a military instructor
In Afghanistan. He returned to Berlin in 1942?0
Major Gottfried SCHENKER-ANGERER
He was the Assistant Air Attache in Ankara in 1942-1944.
He was probably a member of the Abwehr. He was born in 1895331
(Miss) Emilie SCHENKL
She had been an employee of the (Austrian) Post Offices She
then became Subhas Chandra BOSE's secretary in Austria prior
.to World War LI and helped to edit his book "The Indian Struggle".
BOSE requested her services after his arrival in Germany and
she again became his secretary in May 1941332
(Miss) SCHETTLER
She was a GIS member and served as a stenotypist under
diplomatic cover of the German Embassy in Ankara in 1942333
Dr. Fritz SCHEUERMANN
He was a GIS member attached to the German Embassy in
Ankara in 1942-1943 under cover as a "Scientific Assistant". He
was born in 1913334'
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fnu SCHLIEP
He was a GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor.
In 1941 he founded the "Office for the East", which had a special
interest in Turkmen and Caucasian affairs115?
Dr. fnu SCHLOBIES
He was a GFM official in Berlin with the rank of Legation
Counselor who dealt with matters concerning Arab and Indian
nationalist refugee leaders in Germany during World War II336.
fnu SCHMIDT
Chancellor in the German Legation in Kabul in 1942.337
Dr. Franz F. SCHMIDT-DUMONT
An official in the German Consulate in Istanbul in 1942, and
presumably later a member of the German Ministry of Propaganda338
Dr. fnu SCHMIDT-KRUTINA
He had bgen a GFM official, had held the rank of Legation
Secretary, and had served in the U.S., presumably in a diplo- ?
matic capacity. He had also been a member of the Eccriomic
Section of the German Embassy in Italy where he had served
from 1931-1938. In 1938 he went to Istanbul as a representative
of the German tobacco company, "REENITSMA.". *The SD sus-
pected him (for undisclosed reasons) and survailed him in 1944
although he was seriously ill at the time339
Dr. fnu von SCHMIEDEN
He was an official of the GFM with the rank of Legation
Counselor in 1941. He was considered an expert on Indian matters
340
fnu SCHMTEDow
He was a SD member in Morocco (presumably Spanish Morocco)
who was active in propaganda activities in 1941341
fnu SCHMILLENKAMP
He was a GFM official with the rank of Consular Secretary
who served in the GFM section dealing with Military and GIS
matters in 1943342
fnu SCHMITZ
Chief of the Ankara 1,-rnr-h of the 'Transoceanic News Agency"
who cornT)lained that his subordinate correspondents were being used
for GIS activities in 1942. He was in Turkey until at least March
1944343.
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Albert SCHNEIDER
A w/t operator in the GIS group "RECKE" in Melilla during
1943-1944344.
Rudolf SCHNITZER
A German national who was the representative of the
EINHARD (Madrid) Company in Tangier. He was expelled
from Tangier by the Spanish authorities in 1944345.
Dr. Kurt SCHNURRE
A GFM official with the rank of Envoy and deputy to Envoy
RITTER for matters concerning German defense, including the
GIS in 1942-194334?.
Colonel fnu SCHOLL
In 1942 he was a GIS officer in Bangkok and was connected
with GIS activities in India347
(Miss) Agnes Linda SCHOTT
A stenotypist in the office of the German Air Attache in
Ankara in 1944348.
fnu SCHREIBER, aka SCHREINER
A GFM courier on the Berlin-Istanbul route in 1942349.
fnu SCHROEDER
A GFM official with the rank of Consul who served in the
GFM's Personnel Department. In 1941 he was connected with
the integration of GIS personnel into German diplomatic missions
abroad. In 1942 he was a member of the GFM's "Arab News
Agency" and took part in sessions of the "Arab Committee"350.
Dr. fnu SCHRUMPF. PIERON
He was born in Alsace. He became a physician and resided
in Cairo. In 1941 he was a GIS agent in Cairo351
fnu SCHUBERT
A German national and former French Foreign Legionnaire
who was arrested in Rabat for espionage activities (presumably
on behalf of the GIS) in 1943352.
Commander fnu SCHUELLER
A German Naval officer attached to the GIS base in Istanbul
in 1944. He was probably A member of the Abwehr353.
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Lt. Colonel fnu SCHULZE BERNETT
He was a member of the Abwehr who was chief of the GIS
base in Ankara from 1941-1943 under cover as Assistant Military
Aft-At-114354.
Major Fritz SCHULZ
He was an Abwehr I in Berlin, In 1944
he was selected to replace the German Assistant Naval Attache,
Commander SCHADE in Ankara in 1944355.
Paul SCHULZ
A member of the RSHA under consular cover in Istanbul in
1943-1944356.
(Miss) Gertrud SCHULZE
A stenotypist in the office of the German Military Attache in
Ankara in 1944357.
Hans Peter SCHULZE, aka SCHULZ
He was a member of the RSHA who was the SD chief in
Tangier in 1944 under cover as Second Press Attache in the
German Consulate. He went to Madrid in May 1944 after being
expelled from Tangier _j.
Lt. Colonel Dr. Berthold SCHULZE
He was a GIS merriger who was chief of the GIS base in
Tabriz in 1944 under cover as Consular Secretary of the
German Consulate. He returned to Germany in January 1945.359
Lt. Colonel Dr, Berthold SCHULZE, aka Bruno SCHULZE-HOLTHUS
He was ati Abwehr officer who was chief of the GIS base in
Tabriz in 1941-1942. In August 1942 after the Allied occupation of
Iran he went underground. He was captured, and exchanged for
a British Intelligence Service officer in January 1945360
?
Major fnu SCHUMACHER
A Press and Propaganda officer of the German Army who was
in charge of editing the Arab paper "Signal", distributed in Morocco
in 19423-61
fnu SCHWAR.Z
He was a LUFTHANSA Airline employee in Kabul who
travelled with Subhas Chandra BOSE from Kabul to Germany via
the USSR in March 316941. SCHWARZ was connected with GIS
activities in Kabul. 362
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He was a German Vice-Con.atii at Alexandrette, Turkey, in
1941-1943 and participated in GIS activities.
fnu SCHWOERBEL
A GFM official connected with the editing of the German-
sponsored Arab magazine "La Nation Arabe" in Paris in 1941364.
Captain Hans-Adolf von SCOTTI
-24.m
Assistant Military Attache in Ankara in 1944""'
fnu SEEGER
?
A GFM employee who was a w/t operator for the German
Legation in Kabul in 1941-1943366
Hans SEIDEL
?
He was a member of the RSHA under cover as an employee
in the German Consulate in Tangier in 1944. In May 1944, he was
expelled from Tangier by the Spanish authorities and went to
Madrid367.
fnu SEILER
He was a GFM official who participated in GIS activities in
Turkey. In early 1940 he was the Press Attache in the German
Embassy in Ankara. Shortly thereafter, in December 1940
reports referred to him as the German Consul General in
Istanbul. In 1942 he served as liaison officer with ---;1i3d
Arab leaders in Turkey. In 1944 he had returned to Ankara
as Press Attache with the rank of Legation Counselor368.
fnu von SELCHOW
A GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor, he
was chief of the GFM' s Code Section in 1941-1943369.
fnu von SELZAM
A GFM official in Bern in 1941, he was listed as alin expert
in Indian affair s3 (0.
fnu SETHE
A GFM official connected with the recruitment of Turkmen
POWs for GIS operations in the Caucasus in 1941371.
Major fnu SEUBERT
He wa s Abwehr officer serving in Berlin, where
he was connect exi-with GIS operations in North Africa in 1942372
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Dr. fnu SEYDEL
A GFM official in Berlin, he held the rank of Legation Secretary
and had previously served with the German diplomatic missions in
Baghdad and Batum. He spoke Arabic and made translations for
Envoy von HENTIG in connection with GIS Near East activities. In
April 1941 he was selected for a GIS assignment in the Near East373.
Theodor Louis SIEFKEN
He was chief of the GIS base in Shanghai under cover as
a "Scientific Assistant" in the German Consulate and in 1942 took
part in the GIS' Indian operations374.
Major August SIMON
He was an officer in the GIS group "RECKE" in 1943-1944,
under German consular cover in Tetuan. He was a notorious
alcoholic and was recalled to Germany375.
(Miss) Hanna SOHRWEIDE
A stenotypist in the office of the German Naval Attache in
Ankara in 1944376.
fnu SOMMER
A GIS member under cover as an employee in the office of
the German Military Attache in Ankara in 1942-1943377.
fnu SONNENHOL
As Legation Secretary in the German Embassy in Paris in
1941, he helped to edit the German-sponsored Arab magazine
"La Nation Arabe". In 1942 he served for a time with the German
Military Control Commission in Casablanca and in Vichy. In
December 1942, he went to Tangier as German Vice-Consul. In
May 1944, after the closing of the German Consulate at Tangier,
he went to Tetuan; and in November 1944, he had returned to
Berlin and was in charge of GFM radio communications378
fnu SPANNAUS
A GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor who took
part in the sessions of the "Arab Committee" in Berlin in 1942379.
Hermann von SPERL
A GIS member under German consular cover in Adana in 1944380
Richard STAUDINGER
A driver in the office of the German Naval Attache in Ankara
in 1943-1944381.
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A GFM official, he served in the GFM's Press Department
and had been a Nazi Party functionary in Baghdad. He was a
member of the German Legation in Iraq in 19364939. In April
1941, he was given a GIS assignment in the Near East, and his
name was included in the list of members of the new German
diplomatic mission which was scheduled to go to Baghdad. In
1942 he /gok part in the meetings of the "Arab Committee" in
Berlin382 .
fnu STEPHENSON, aka STEPHENSEN
He was a representative of the German Danube Shipping
Company (DDSG). A GIS member, he was active in Istanbul
in close cooperation with Envoy KROLL and Legation Counselor
KLEIBER in Ankara in 1942383.
Hans R. STEILBERG
He was born in 1886. During World War I he was an engineer
officer in the Near East. Later, he frequently travelled in the
Near East as a business representative and spoke English and
French. His private address in 1941 was Engelbertstrasse 3,
Iserlohn, Germany. In April 1941, he volunteered his services
to the GIS for an assignment in the Near East384
fnu STEIN
He was a GFM official with the rank of Legation Secretary
and served in the GFM's section dealing with Military and GIS
matters in 1942385
fnu STEINMAYER
An official the GFM's section for Military and GIS
matters in 1942366
(Miss) Ellen STENDER
An interpreter in the office of the German Naval Attache
in Ankara in 1944387.
K. STEPHANY
A German official (presumably with the Ministry of
Foreign Trade) who was in contact with German business
representatives in Iran in 1940388
Dr. Wilhelm STILLE
He was the German Consul in Istanbul in 1943, and also
held the rank of SS-Obersturmfuerhrer389
Walter ST OCKMANN
?
A German national and manager of a coal depot in Oran,
he was the Nazi Party chief in Oran. He was arrested by the
French authorities in 1943390
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Captain Rolf STOELTING
An officer attached tsee office of the German Military
Attache in Turkey in 1943
Major fnu STOLZE
He was an Abwehr officer in 1940 and reportedly took part
in supplying arms to the tribal Moslem movement, "HAKSA"
in Afghanistan. In 1941 he was in Berlin392.
Dr. fnu STRATIL-SAUER
It has been possible to glean a series of his activities from
the captured records, but it has not been possible to establish
the dates for these activities except to say that they occurred
prior to World War II. He was a professor at the University of
Vienna. He was active in the Austrian regional office for the
Lower Danube Re gion; this office dealt with matters concerning
German nationals residing in the Protectorate of Bohemia-
Moravia. He made several trips to inner Asia. During one
of his trips to Afghanistan he shot an Afghan and was briefly
imprisoned by the Afghan authorities. He was active as a
journalist and edited the magazines "Preucle und Arbeit" and
the "Illustrierte Zeitung" in Leipzig. He was chief of the foreign
section of the "German Congress Center" (not otherwise
identified)
He was considered one of the top German experts on inner
Asia. He joined the German Air Force as a Captain and worked
for the GIS base in Sofia. In May 1942 he was sent on a GIS
mission to Trapezunt to effeP'contacts with clandestine Pan-
Turkish and Caucasian movements for the purpose of building
an effective GIS network extending into the Soviet Caucasus.
He was recalled (presumably to Berlin) in August 1942393
_inu von STRUENSEE
He was chief of the LUFTHANSA Airline in Istanbul in 1940
and was considered for use as a letter drop in GIS operations
connected with India394.
fnu STUTZEL
In 1941 he was the Berlin financial representative of the Arab
nationalist leader Emir Chekib ARSLAN (who at that time was in
Geneva)395
fnu SUDER
A wit operator in the GIS group "RECKE" in Tetuan in 1944
(Miss) Margarete TENDIL
A GIS agent connected with the mission of GIS agent Fritz
LORENZ in Fr ance in April-May 1942397.
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Dr. Eberhard von THADDEN
A member of the GFM, he was a Nazi Party member of long
standing. He joined the SS in 1937 and held the rank of "SS-
Obersturmbanniuehrer" in 1940. In October 1943 he was promoted
to the rank of "SS-Hauptsturrnfuehrer". Concurrently he held the
rank of Legation Counselor of the GFM. On 19 October 1944 he
was chief of the GFM's section dealing with Military and GIS
matter s 398
.
fnu von THADEN
An NCO of the German Armed Forces attached to the GIS
group "RECKE" in Tangier in 1943399.
fnu THOMAS
He was the German Envoy in Bangkok in 1941-1942 and was active
in GIS matters concerning India400
?
Major Alfred THORAN
An Abwehr officer, he was the Assistant Air Attache in
Ankara in 1941-19434?1.
Lt. Colonel fnu THORING
An Abwehr officer in Berlin in 1942402
Albert TILS
An employee of the office of the German Naval Attache in
Ankara in 1943-1944403.
Dr. fnu TISMER
He was the former Commercial Attache in the German Legation
in Teheran and a member of "OFFICE 7.TTF:L" at the GFM in 1942-
1941.
Committee" in 1942_1943404.
H.,- represented "OFFICE ET"f EL" at meetings of the "Arab
Ludwig TOCKUS
In 1941 he was interned by French authorities in Camp Kef
in Tunis405.
fnu TRAPPE
A GIS agent in Turkey in 1941406
Ignat TREBITSCH-LINC(4,N, alias: CHOU-KUNG, Dr. Theodor
LEHOTSKY, Andor LAKATOS, Thomas LOFRINCZ, Dr. Johann
LANG, Thomas LONGFORD
A well-known intelligence operator in Asia who was in Shanghai
in 1941 where he approached the GIS with an offer of cooperation in
German activities in India and Tibet. After an exchange of views
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between Berlin and the GIS base in Shanghai, the GIS in Berlin
rejected his offer407
.
Dr. Adam von TROTT zu Sni.7
He was born in 1909 and had studied in the USA in 1936-1938.
He joined the GFM in 1939 and worked in the Information Depart-
ment. In 1944 he was with the GFM section concerned with Mili-
tary and GIS matters, and held the rank of Legation Counselor..
He was also connected with Near East and Indian affairs408
fnu von TRUETZSCHLER
A GFM official who was active in propaganda matters con-
cerning Iran in 19424?9
Dr. fnu von TWARDOWSKI
He had been attached to the German Embassy in Moscow and
was the German General Consul at Istanbul in 1943-1944. In May
1944 he was investigated by the SD in connection with the defection
of the GIS member, KLETSCHKOWSKI410
.
Otto ULRICH
A member of the GIS group "RECKE" in Ceuta in 1944411.
Dr. Robert ULSHOEFER
A GIS member under cover as a "Technical Employee" in
the office of the German Military Attache in Ankara from 1942-
1944412.
fnu UNTERBERG
A GIS agent who was assigned to the "GFM Office for the
113
Frencn Protectorate' at Casablanca in 1941- .
Captain (Dr.) Wilhelm UPPENBORN
A German Army reserve officer who was attached t the
office of the German Military Attache in Ankara in 19444 4
Prof. (Dr.) Paul VAGELER
A former German colonial official (presumably prior to
World War II), he was selected in 1941 for assignment to the
German Legation in Teheran as "Technical Attache" for matters
concerning Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Turkestan415
r. L"dmund NfTEESE1`41v1AYER
He was a GFM official connected with Near East matters
who held the rank of SS-Oberfuehrer in 1941-1943416.
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Dr. fnu VORAUER
A GIS member under cover as an official of the German
Legation in Athens in 1940417.
Dr. fnu VORAUER
A GIS member attached to the German Legation in Athens
in 1940418.
Horst WAGNER
He was a GFM official with the rank of Legation Counselor.
He also held the rank of SS-Standartenfuehrer and was the liaison
officer between the QFM and the GIS after the reorganization of
the GIS in June 1944419.
fnu WALAZ
An Abwehr member who was a w/t technician with the GIS
base in Shanghai in 1941420
.
fnu von WALLENBERG
A GFM official who as attached to the Personnel Depart-
ment of the GFM in 1944421.
fnu Iy11,AL7L'HER
He was the German Consul in Tripolis in 1
connected with GIS activities in North Africa42
Major Konrad von WANGENHEIM
42 and was
An Abwehr member who was Assistant Military Attache in
Ankara in 1943423.
fnu WEBBER
He was a member of the Abwehr attached to the Africa
Corps. In June 1942 he failed to return from a mission and
was declared "missing"424
.
(Miss) Marianne WEBER
An interpreter in the German Embassy in Ankara in 1942425
Lt. fnu WEDIG
An Abwehr membe r who was with the office of the Military
Attache in Ankara in 1943426.
(Miss) fnu VOIGT
A GIS member who served under diplomatic cover as a
stenotypist in the German Embassy in Ankara in 19424141.
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fnu VORLICZEK
He was the chief of the German news agency, "European
Press" in Ankara in 1944428.
(Miss) fnu VOSS
A GIS member under cover as a consular employee in
Casablanca in 1942429.
fnu WEGENER
A member of the German Administration of the Oc.-:upied
Territories who was attached to the German Military C,mtrol
Commission in Casablanca in March 1941430
Lieutenant Alexander WEISCHER
An officer of the German Navy attached to the office of
the German Naval Attache in Ankara in 19434944131.
fnu WEISE
An SS-Obersturmfuehrer attached to the Grand Mufti,
Said Emin el HUSSEIN', as "Police Officer" in 1942432.
fnn WEISS
An Abwehr member with the rank of "Special Representa-
tive", he was considered for a GIS assiesnent in Istanbul under
cover as Commercial Secretary in 1943 ?
Major fnu WELLER
An officer of the German Army sent to Rome in 1942 in
connection with the recruitment of Indian POWs for the Indian
Legion in Germany434.
fnu WENDLER
He was the German Envoy in Bangkok in 1942. He was
active in Indian matter s435.
fnu WENGER
Chief engineer of the TODT4 organization in Kabul, he took
part in GIS activities in Afghanistan in 1940. In February 1941
he was mentioned in connection with BOSE's escape to Germany436
Dr. fnu WERTH, aka Dr. WIRTH
A member of the GFM's "Indian Committee" in Berlin in
1941-1942437.
* German Construction Trust.
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Otto Albrecht WIEDEMANN, aka Otto Albert WIEDMANN
He was born on 17 December 1908. In 1942-1944 he was a
member of the Abwehr Ii anc, served unde 3 diplomatic aover
as German Consular Secretary in Tangier; he was also a member
of the GIS group "RECKE" and adjutant to KRUEGER, the chief
of the GIS base in Tangier438.
Lt. Colonel fnu WILHELMI
German Military Attache in Madrid in 1941 and connected
with GIS activities in Tangier439.
fnu WISSMAN
He was a member of the Abwehr and assigned to the GIS
base in Muenster, Germany. In 1943 he worked in Spanish
Morocco, independent of the GIS base in Tangier. In August
041 he was recalled and accused of treason (for reasons not
stated)440
.
t,
Captain Dietrich WIT ZEL, German Crytponym: PATpAN
He wa., an Abwehr II officer and served
a s chief of the GIS base in Kabul in 1941-1943, under cover as
a member of the German Legation. He wil.s instrumental in
setting up and directing the GIS agent network in Afghanistan
and India. In July 1943, he was compromised while contacting
members of "Union", a Turkestani organization, and was
expelled by the Afghan authorities. He 1.ft,Kabul in October
1943 and planned to marry Irene GALLIEN, a typist with the
German Legation in Kabul. His relativds (or close friend's)
address was, in 1943, LutzigI