"IMPROVEMENTS OF DURABILITY OF AIRCRAFT," BY P. M. BRAILOVSKI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 5, 2014
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: April 17, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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MASTER TYPING GUIDE
i.o e?cLoci.cc c a ? RI "Op c.C.
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DIPICIFINER OF anurun or alcurr
roma= PIIACIIIMI ausincorin
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DOMOVININT Of 001M3ILITT Or kilt:1111T
by P. X. BraLlorski
Ti. strometh of wifyipart,0 avoided Direstorals
almost alwayaless them the 'tramp& it the semi part Is
its original state. Twreettgations it the durvialy it
seas test epeniams of voided steel tubes trade-marbed
100011 that were eendested by. 14 I. Merino mmillt. B. Berm
fess TV! (Air float Teshaelegy) Is. 11, 19467 latest*
1.
that the rg1a of safety at marsh welded pari meta' 5
to 6 kg sad oemprises 1/5 to 1/10 of the original
strs.gth of the tube. la any lastamiess a still greater
loss of tube strewth (as high as 30 ti...) in the welded
streeturesi was observed at vibratory 10r. Is the
meamtina welded tubular streetures hove bola widely s..
pled is aireraft osostreetioa. This Lauds. the seems
mount, =beast 'teaks, Awl" frames underaarriage
frames, stride, brooms, mad erensbrammei, ete.
Ti. present development if seder' toehmelegy permits
stemderde requirtag the streagth of welded strusturel parte
to be as greet as the 'trey* of the natorial itself la
as unwalded state. Ti. author has sueseeded is develylog
a new voldiag teohnique for tubular structures, thereby
solving to name =tout the problea of reduced strength due
to welding.
Is the sometruotlea of erne type it (minuet there in a great number at welded tubular
parte made of ehrome molybdeaum steel of IA ash., that are very important strueturally.
These tubes are 25 to 2$ ma in diameter. The mode of the tubes are slotted for lasertioa
at the gesoots, whisk arg ave-welded together. drier voiding, the frause are beet-treated
to egm, = 120 - 140 kg/Meg (mozuslised). A general view of the welded assembly in gives Is
fig. 1. The remelts of tests es several truss parte sad umwelded tubes heat-treated to the
some streagth are summarised Is table 1. Oa the average, the breaking foree of the uplakt
was Mused by 4900 kg or 30 Is monparisoa with the unveiled tube.
Table 1
The breaking
:erne (ka)
Dee:weed breaking
twee of (welded)
braes is oemparisenmg2fht
to breaking tensof e
the tube (before weld-
tar) is I
Cress mei-
tlea at the
tube
Temporary
resistemee
of the tubs
klAIN2
ushers
haresses test
lag method
IIII
Upright
Ihele
tube
0500
15700
,
45
122.9
127.0
415
11950
16500
211
1224,
13442
426
06MD
15700
44
120.3
130.5
411
22200
15200
ao
122.0
124.7
392
13600
16500
111
125.2
132.0
424
* 4 greet less of the etreagth my be observed net emir Is welded areas, but aloe is ether
parts at the strainer's.
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iiAA?1 ,e4 .425
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The character of the destruotlee of the welded upriehts is shown la fig. 2.
Detailed study of the statie tilt results sad of the eomponent parts at tin brakes
imprLibta permits serials' somelusises to be mods.
lastalletlem it the gooiest slew leans aim with a rlipt Eaglet this fester ewes
biomes semeintrities if stresses at the embers if the slot. Ordlaarylmading does met
IMMOI608 a eenplete wild if this gep whisk remain in pert, in the finished weight.
mess egotism *fibs welded wpriebt with a Welded gimmeet usually bas the appears's,* shown
la fig. 3.
It Is ortabliiimml br a series if tests tint la all similar eases of welded upriehts,
the fellers lessors at the mem-welded areas Is the slot owls. The striae distribution
diagram of mesh welded jolats is cross mastics at the slotted ends should leek libe fig. 4.
Fig. 1
1. Tubelp 211/25 VOL
Fig. 3
Amids iron incompletely welded ends of the slots, the Character of the vowelded seem at a
sroes section of the slotted parties it the tube marts a esmeidereble inflame' es the
strewth it the joist, seposially with the Oman Udall.
STAT
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Stress osneentration in the.. and other similar plea's, the slightioften permissible,
detests in the weld (slieht underemt end eves overlap of the weld hoed) ales 441140, Wiest
the strength of the Armature, pemtleslarly durability lathe prawns" of vibratory leadVmg.
The abees-eamtioned streetural and tosheleal detest' in airman osestrustien amine% be
sompenemled
by a simple inertias& .f the era's sweeties of the welded Pointe. The any sorriest
solution to the preblea at increased stremeth is the develepmemt of tending methed of all
areas it stress esmeestratiat in the strusture, whisk would, by its 'arrester', ended"
lathed"' areas the pessibilibr it leading defeats (undereut, overlap, overheating, she.)
leading to the formals& of new stress soneestratiema, amd whisk weld dissipate stress in
these areas.
For a solution it theee webbing, the mother developed avow relator method for tabular
&bereft strustures 'assisting of the fellowiegs"
Wilding the gusset with the tube is divided into two operations, end winAlmg the gusset
edges with the slot sods in the tubes is aseonplished in two stereo.
The Mut operatics eomsists of orlimulrame
welding at the gusset with the Ube In all plans
eneept the areas at the sods of the slots. The
quality of the weld Ikon' soarers with general,
?
*Norte* teehmisal oomditiems, that is, is some
=toot, porticos of the weld bead mer eemtain under.
weld, umdereets, pits, holes am& ether defeats.
Defect" soak am overlap of the bead en the beme metal
are permissible without limit.
The seemed operatics is asymeetylens weldimg
of the gusset butt suds to the weld ends of the are
welding. This is dome in two stages. First the
butt ends of the gussets are welded to the ends of
the two beads fron the are voiding with the Inner
ends it the tube slots by the soma" *welding spot.'
The relining nast guaremtee a fell pemetrstien Sr
weld-through of the area amd all welded joimts avast
be as see emit. The unavoidable overheating of a
eertain area it the Ube in the region of the 'weld-
ing spot", and aloe a eomparatively abrupt shame'
from the gusset to the tot., should be eonpeaseted
br depositing a welded wedge (fig. 5.). Depositing
the "welded 'ledge should start se the tebe at a
distance, not less them 20 mm from the end of the
slot end be eentinsed toward the butt of the gusset.
The 'welded wedge" begins as a hardly metiabable
incremee of the thiskmess, is gradually tearoom&
In width mad height by the deposited material, paw
the guest butt sad the sods of the gamest vele"'
beads mad overlaps the "weldimg spot." The "welded
wedges should also overlap the gusset beads by no
less thee 5 ER.
Pls. 4
The start of the "welded wedge" ("a" en fig. 5)
should met have aey welding defeats (underouts, holes,
and even no everlaps). hirr weldimg defeat, ualnper-
tent at we, other area at the welding joint, will
produee every eossiderable inflame's en the strewth
and particularly on the durability of the tubular
e Authorship Certificate No. 62521 from the State Flemming Commission of the Mies of the
Soviet Soeialist lepablios (published in bulletin No. 2-3, 1913 of the Samos of Inventises
of the State Planning Commissisa U.S.S.R.
3
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welded stmeture at areas of strees memesatratioas.
Ta the event tint a detest is rimed at the begiening of the *walled wedge", a mow &real-
ties of the *wedge heed lona& at a distress* of 5 ism !ninths previous see.
Mehm,???10
pig.,
Usnerous tests of weldol uprights, bib:teat.' by um, mow method, um...tad fully satia-
te/story results. Katie shear test data for the typisal eerie" of welded upright' is shown
la table 2. Ia fig. 6 ere the photographs of a series of destreyed uprights. As is seen,
the failure as all tooted uprights oosurrod at the body of the tube at a distemee of )0 to ?
50 an fres the start of the 'welded wedge."
Pig. 6 Pig.?
Ifithtbis sew welding method, the streagth of the welded upright is &eternised by the
tehe of the upright at a given eanditits.
Figure 7 shows the photograph of atgpisal melee of welded uprights of a different
801110 welded by the mew method after the Matte Maar toot. As la the provisos seas,
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failure of the welded uprights secured far !rata welded area is the aor et the tabs.
Table 2
attests breaking
, . ?
,
pprida
w5
tube
DeoreasedhcaddIng I
fora it (welded) I
brae is peresatage
is to.
? Grose sect-
. that it the
upright tabs
(a2)
? .
temporary
realetemes
it the tube
(keibla2)
Visitors
harems, tat.
img method
lis
easpariesa
brooking reares if
the tube (before
abliniA
,
0300
15300
VMS
122.4
125.0
3811
1490
24990
?
L12.5
122.0
390
16100
16.100
?
125.1
120.7
404
16900
26900
le
124.9
135.4
410
14990
LIM
?
122.5
122.0
394
A
.?
Pig.
1. Welded %mdse.
?
The tareased streagth it the welded uprlght mar be explained firstly by the elledastion
it strusteria. stress easesetratioa, aed essendlyt. the previews of the *welded wedge
Ada distributes the streamed, orealy along the satire lamgth of the "right tea.
The mew asthod of weldiftlexte with mtreeturel stress tomeatratioa areas is alas.
widely employed is the strayer% Weary is febriestimg various tubular welded etresturee.
Tigers II saws a *eta of samplisead tibe eluetere with a elt-in swat. At the
areas it stress easesstratias, *welding spete* amd *veldt's wedges* are deposited to amoodo
the possibility if stress eseastratlea at these areas and the oomoogeoat prometame tailors
it the strata*.
5
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SAWA..
-1,11-17111V-11..-Ij
Fig. 9?
1. Welded wedge.
Is the ocestruetion of the weldi-elaster illustrated is fig. 9, the *welded wedge* is
diPositod is the side of the saute @ogle to molt& the peesibility of streetatul failure
la this area at low stress easeentratioss.
denstines, whom two tubes are welded at a 90? eagle, it is reesameaded that a depeeities
St *welded wedges* es both sides of the vertioal tube be made almag the enter lime of the
berisestal tube (fig. 10).
ass the butt mods of two tubes are poised hyveldiag, it is raeoesismoled that a &pool-
!lea of four *welded wedges* he wade (fig. 11).
Prestleal omporimase with a great member of welded tabular streeteres fahriested by
the mew method indleatod estiroly satisfeetory results. Atr example, oath. elegise seen%
fames et see &impart that has bees in service, there were *early is. sillies areas welded
W ths sew toothed. Net a single ease et failure of the eagles mama farms omparred Is
the.. areas durlagthe satire splitting tine et the aireraft.
The *welding spot* med the *welded wedges, osestrestial to lacrosse the stresgth of the -
parts at the welded strum/tura up to the strength of the sawolded tubes In the given sesditime,
nog he made by sap Betas& gee, atonie Waves or are vadiag. The author's use St
asyseetgleme welding is explalsedrby the feet that gee welding permits the easiest fulfill-
ment of all the toehaelegical rapines's., esemestedi with a sew method.
The sew method permits wide use et are welding ef the importest airoreft stevedores.
The high output, the absesee of the seepeoeity to utilise "mares materials, low deformities
mod, seek interim* et all, the abases et gape are the most important features af are
veldt's of smell-thiehasse speelallyande steels. /t is interesting to este that the mations"
siren" ishastrybeges. the wide-seals use of are veldts, of small-thisksess spoeial-grade
steels is 1932, whereas the derma aireraft Industry adopted it map is 1935 sod the VOA
is 1936.
STAT
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CPP
1..cossmad ye I
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1.0110gsdir
/is. 10
1. Voided wedge.
Fig. 11
The lower vibratory strength of &iron" etroptarse joined by are welding in oseparieen
with strseturee joined by gas weldinghiniered, to sone extent, the wide adeptiea of are
welding.
?hisser method of are welding posits iseressewfthe statie stresitat of the welded
strestures op to the strength of the basis seterial. lehnre utilisation of this welding
method in the fibrieetion of airereft itreetures par be greatly exploded.
7
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/02/05: CIA-RDP81-01043R002800240002-9