THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN THE USSR 9/57 251 P. ILLUS. MAPS PHOTOS.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 258
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 3, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 29, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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1.
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\ I "
THEiMAL ET.F.CTRIC POWER PLAT,ITS
IN THE U.S.S.R.
Report No. 92
VOLUME I
COPY 2
attworf To 811(100.41111-11110
"'FORMATION CONTROL NT
IIIRARY SERVICES SECTION Ali
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?
?
?
TM/NAL MAIM= PONI2 KAM or TM 11?11?11.2.
Intosstion Propose&
127
Intomation etrootoral /sysinooring flootion
Library of Coogroos
For
Mated item' Air Pares
Soptiobor 1957
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gra,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
te:
Volume I
Page
List of Plates iii
Bibliography xi ,
Preface xv
Introduction
Chapter I. General Layout of the Main Plant Building
9
Four Types of Design
11
Chapter IX. Construction of the Main Foyer Plant Building
36
1. Building Materials
36
2. A. Construction Treatment of the Power Plant Building
_36
B. Construction of the Mlin Power Plant Building of the
First Type Design
38
Structural Types
38 e
Wall Coverings
38
Roof Construction
38
Roof Coverings
38
Floor Construction
38
Crane Girders
38
Overhead Bridge Cranes
38
Columns
39
Foundations
39
Bay Lengths
39
Frames Supporting the Smoke-eliminating Installations
AO
Construction of Some Main Power Plant Buildings of
the First TVpie Design
40
Ivanovo ORES
40
Stalingrad ORES
41
Zuyevka ORES
41
Kuznetsk Ts
,
Stalinogorsk ORES
41
First Type Design of: Poured-in-place Riinforced
Concrete with Welded, Rigid Steel Skeletons
42
C. Stacks
43
Brick Masonry Stacks
43 '
NOnolithic Reinforced Concrete Stacks
_1.
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D. Construction of the Mein Power Plant Building of the
Second Type Design
Structural Types
Reinforced Concrete Frames with Rigid Welded
Steel Skeletons
Steel Frames
Wall Coverings
Roof Construction
Roof Coverings
Roofing
Floor Construction
Overhead. Bridge Cranes
Reinforced Concrete Columns
Foundations
Stacks
Niamples of the Second Type Design
Neevetay GRIAS
Stalinsk Tiffs
E. Construction of the Mlin Power Plant Building of
the Third Type Design
F. Construction of the Mein Power Plant Building of the
Fourth Type Design
Steel Frame Construction
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
46,
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Construction with
Rigid Welded. Steel Skeleton Reinforcement 50
Precast Reinforced Concrete Construction 51
Mixed Type Construction 57
Examples of the Fourth Type Construction 59
Ammindtx. "Principal Regulations Governing The Design of
llectric Power Plants" 60
Volume II
Chapter III. Some of the Principal Soviet Power Plants.
Data and, Photographs
ii
90
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12
LIST Of PLATES
Title
Nap of District Electric Power Plants
Hap of principal power plants at the end of the
let Piatiletka 6
Nap of Regional Power Plants in 1936 8
Capacitq of Regional Rlectric Power Plants in 1936 7
Plea of Oorlidy peat-firing GUS 14
Plan-of Mature peat-fixing GENS 14
DubrOvka peat-fling ORES: Section through the
main building 15
Shteravka ORM 'Plan of power plant main building 17
Shterovki ORM Sit* plan , 16
iirenovo peat-firing GM. Plait and eeotaon 1.8
Nodel of a 5 x 56,000 kv. puleirisied ooal-firing 14
G. 8.ation, 19
1
Model of a 200,000 kw. peat=firing weir plant i 20
Zwevka 0131*. *Alan through the boiler house
1
and blanker iieistia
21
Zuyevka 8. seition thrOugh the boiler house and; 1
feidwater pump ?tioe 22
Stalingrad GM. Section thrOngh the nail. biladiiIS 23
Enanetsk TVs; libation througb: the mein 'plant
25 I
31
5
building
Eueditsk TVs. Pian of power plant
Stalinogorsk Olat. Section thief:ash the main
building
Stalinogorsk GRES: Drawing of the plant
Nessfet4 GEM Diction through;-:the main bUilding
Nem*, GRES. Plan of power plant main 'structure
Stalinak ()MOSS No: 11) TETs in Moakia.
Section through the in building
iii
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Plate No.
15
15A
16
16A
17A
17B (Fig.1-3)
16A (Fig.1-2)
Al???=1.6.??????????????????????????????????????
Title
Orsk TETs. Section through the main building
Orsk TETs. plea of the main building
Cherepet' GRES. Section through the main
building
Cherepeti GRES. Plan of pow?: plant main structure
First Type power plant design. Section through
the main building
Structural details of reinforced concrete frames
shown on Plate 17A
TUrbogenerator foundations of monolithic
reinforced concrete
Individual foundations. Turbogenerator and its
auxiliary equipment foundations underneath the
turbine hall
Type of construction with abasement floor built
on a monolithic reinforced concrete mat. Turbo-
generator foundations underneath the turbine hall
33
32
35
65
66
67
69
19 (Fig.1-2) Stacks - brick and reinforced concrete 70
20A Second Type power pleat design. The load bearing
monolithic reinforced concrete transverse frames 71
20B-20E Structural details of reinforced concrete frames
(Fig. 1-9) shown on Plate 20A 72-75
21A (Fig.1-3) Construction of the main power plant building of
the Second Type. Design in steel 77
22A (Fig.1-2
22B
22C (Fig.1-4) Structural details of the steel frame principal
joints in the main power plant building
23A Construction of the main power plant building of
the Fourth Type design in steel
Conversion tables for steel sections shown on
plate 21A, Fig. 1
Construction of the main power plant building of
the Fourth Type design in steel
Conversion tables for steel sections shown on
plate 22A, Fig. 1
iv
76
79
78
so
.?
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;
23B (Fig.14)
2hA-214B
(Fig. 1-8)
25A-25D
(Fig. 1-9)
251
26i
351`
27
27k
27B
27C
28
Fourth Type of power plant design - two methods
of frame eonneotion
Construction of the main power .plant building of
the Fourth Type desigi in monolithie reinforoed
ocnerebsidthielded rigid steel skeleton reinforce-
ment and strucSura details
Construction of the main power art building of
this Fourth t/Pie 41411SP in precist reinforced
concrete and structural details
Nein, power plant 'building of t* Fourth Type -
alternatives of *instruction '
stars MO. Side view of the 9ass and peat
delivery trestle.
Obabnra GROB. View froa the turbine hall side
Mature GRZO. Partial furter/city/ewe of the toiler
house No. 2
Ohabara GRIN. Partial interior view of the
turbogenerator hall
Mature ORZO. Partial interior view of 2nd
section of the tu0ogenerator hall
Mature. OW. 'Partial view of the transformer bank
Mature. WM Partial exterior views of a substa?
tion and steel structures carrying high tension
wires
ruhrovka GEM General view
1Dubtovka Oide view of the plant 'bowing
steel trestles for peat delivery and the toiler
house
DuhrovkaGO114 Partial view- of the GROB showing
steel trestles for peat delivery
ttibrovkGRZO. P;Artial interior view of the
turbine.hall
GorskiyGRZO. General view of the toiler houses
first port of construction
?
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Plate No
Title
28kt
Gorokiy CUM. One of the GPM buildings under
oonstruction
107
?ors)Ay Gans Partial interior view of the turbine
hall
1.08
Gorsidy GM. Partial. interior view of the
turbine bm"13.
Kramsbira CUM General view of the boiler boas*
and the open, air substation
111
Yashiro MSC The first section of the Kashira GM
112
Tashi= GM. Tbe em000nd section of the Xasbira
GUS under construetion
113
Xashira GM. A 50,000 kw. turbogenerator built
'by Irlektrosile
13A
the plant
&whirs Gan. Partial interior view of the
turbine bell
11,5
2RX
Kaabira GM. Coal pulverising equipment
116
Zir
Kasbira MO. Partial view of an outdoor substam
tion
117
R913
Kashira GEM. Partial view of the 115 kw? out
substation, '
118
2RX
Xasbire S. Btep-up trausfromer honk
119
30
Shterovka GRIM General. view of the plant
30A
Eibterovka, GM. View of the main structure
from the south
122
30B
Saterovica GM. General view of the GM
123
300
ahterovka Glin. Boiler rocs under construction
30D
ahteroVkit GXXS, The third section of the plant
?
?
under sonstrection
...
30K
Xatercivica GM, Partial interior view of the
turbogenerator hall
I -?
301
Nhterovka GM. Partial interior side view of
the generator ball
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p???
Plate No.
Title
30GI ilktorovka MS. Partial interior view of the
turbine balls second multi=
32
Zuyevka W. View of the MS and open-air
substation 130
Zuyfrvkat GM. General view 131
Zuyemita GM. 190,000 Jar. 'turbogenerator at the
piittiaLly reoonatructed Zweite, OPSS 132
Ivanovo (formieri,y Ivanovo-Vosnesensk) WB. aide
view of the mil building, under eanstruction 134
32k Ivenovo (formerly Ivenovo-Vosnesensk) WSW
Conittuetion Work at the Ofl 135
Ivanovo (fonierly Ivanovo-Vosneriensk) GM. Hain
structure in the adviinired stage of coostrudtion 136
Ivanovo (formerly Ivonovo-Vosneseniik) GIMS. GNU
under oceurtruction 137
Ivanovo- (familiarly Ivanovo-Vosnesenek) ONNS. Side
vier 138
IVIMICRO (formerly Ivanavo-Vosnemensk) OM. View
of the alga building and steel Awl delivery
trestle 139
33 StaLinoiprsk MS. The MS under oonstruttion. 141
33A Stalinogorsk MS. "Stalin" OM under
tionstrueticn 12
338 Stalinegorsk GM: Ixterior view 3A3
33c Stalinogorsk Ixtrorior view 144.
33D Stalinogorek Ausilissi Power Plant. General view 114.5
331 Stelinogorsk Aurilimy Power Plant. Partial view
of auxiliary pot,* pilot 146
Stalingrad G. Hain building tinder oonstruction 1e8
Stalingrad OUR. Partial exterior view 149
Stalingrad. G. Nxterior view
vii
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.r.
Plats No.
Title
34C
35
35k
35B
350
35D
36
36A
Stalingrad Tractor Plant Power Station. View
of the 'boiler room
White Russian GRKKa
White Russian OP*.
plant
White Russian MS.
White Russian ORM
White Russian am
General view
The first section of the
Extrior 4neieV
The GUS under construction
Partial. Viet, Of the roof
Beresniki Tere. Beresniki MS under oonstructicn
Dereiniki TM. Partial exterior view of the
lift sorting the Deresniki Works
36B Beresniki =Ts. ixterikr VieV of the the TIM
serving the Bereki Chia teal tiorke
36C Bersniki Mee TUrbogenerator hall
37 Solikamisk G. Partial. view froa the Vindor of
another building
38 Kunnas* Mit. Central power etlition at the
Metallurgieal Plant in the proCeisof
construction
3at Xasnetsk ma. Central power station at the
Metallurgical Workil
3tt Kuznetsk STs. Central power station at the
Metallurgical Wozks
380 Nalinetiok m.. Portisl view of the TSTs
3) KuinetskTs. Partial view of the =Ts
shotring the spray pond
39 Chelyabinsk 0E111? a under construction
39A Chelyabinsk GM. General view of the first
Nation nearing oomplation
140 Magnitogorsk 011S. Aerial view* 0118 under
construction '
Magnitogorsk GIL GIS under construction
152
155
356
357
158
160
161
162
163
165
167
168
3.69
170
171
173
1714.
3.76
177
viii
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Plats No.
Title
Page
40B
41
43A
42
43
43A
44
45A
14.5s
450
45D
45B
,47
?47A
473
48
49
Megnitogorsk (S& Partial exterior view
lersaatorsk GIB. Aerial view
Xrassatorsk GIS. Water cooling towers
Nesterovo TaTs. Partial exterior view
averdlorisk TaTs. ;Partial.exteior view of the
serring "UrIlvashstroi" (Ural Machine
Building Barka)
Sverdlovsk TUC Fuel Supply trestle leading
to the bunker ga4exy of the lift
Yoroshilorsk G. General vivivt-of the GIS
serving the Votoibilar Metallurgical Plant
aerator GM:
aerator GSM
Saratoni? G.
eonttruCtion
Barstow GM.
aerator Gin.
aerator MM.
Vete&
The MI under Son*Um:Um
The GIIN under ?obstruction
Partial .view of GM under
faia under -oonstrueition
General view
Partial view of the steam piping
Yaroslavl.' Gitaa. 'aide view of the boiler bowie
Yarol TNRs at the Rubber and Asbestos
Plant. Partial seXterior view Shbring
forced .0onerete peat delivery treStla 199
Baba "Veins" pestle Gana. *Oral Vic! 231
Baku "Er110211111, Zresda" G. d. riisr 202
Mat *mane GIS Partial view of the plant
and 100 kw. openileir substation:. 204
Novorosivisk G1MS? Front view 2)6
'Voronezh =NC Partial vier of he Gala abA
open-elt substation 208
Kazan' Ms. Partial exterior view
!.10
178
183
3.83.
183
185
186
188
190
191
192
193
19
195
197
ix
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Plate No.
Title
50k Kasen' me. Partial exterior view
51 Moskva TM "Stalin". Genera view
51a Moskva TZTs "$tate. Partial view during
construction
511 Moskva GIN wilsidovioh% General view
51B MoekveGIS waildovieh". Bide view
510 Moskva GNI "Saidoviohn. Ixterior view of the
boiler house
51D Moskva GIS wiltidovioh% o uct9i detail
511 Moskva High Pressure TNTs. General view
517 Zlektrogorsk wIlasson% Side view
52 Artois GRZII wit/ROW% Side view
52k Art= GM *KIROV". Nide view
53 Mironovskera OMNI. Interior view of the
turbine ball
81avyansk GM. Partial interior view of the
turbine ball
Slogyansk GEM Partial interior view of the
turbine hau
55 Cherepet' OWL General view
55k Cherepet1 OEM Partial interior view of the
turbine
55B Cherepeti GSM Turbine bell housing s
150,000 kw. turbine
211
213
21k
23.6
21.7
218
219
221
223
225
226
228
230
231
233
2311'
235
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4
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0110.
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xiii
NA6.A74
HC331Z3
TK4.E725
TE-3.E8
Unclassified
DK266.A20574
Ts4.585
1ez257.A1u3
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JIBBFAci
This report is designed to provide the analyst with a brief but
comprehensive account of the layout, structural design, and structural
details of steam-powerod electric power plants in the Soviet Union.
Included are some plants producing both electric power and steam for heating.
The subject is extensive, and the time (3 months, including extensions)
for preparing the work is limited. Seventy-five per cent of the electric
power produced in the USSR comes from thermal plants. Reports on 45
Soviet hydroelectric installations made up neatly half of a two-year
program completed by the Air Information Division in 1955. It was obvious
from the outset that a strict limit must be placed on the coverage of the
present work. The Structural Engineering Section therefore decided
to exclude the following phases of the subjects
Small plants, especially those serving single industrial installations:
Design of the mechanical and electrical equipment of the plants,
even of the boilers, turbines, and generators;
Water and fuel supply installations;
Layouts of electric systems;
Transformer and switch yard.;
Transmission lines and substations;
Structure of cooling towers (views of several examples of these,
howeve5appear in the plates).
Only large steam turbine power plants are included in the report.
The scanning of possibly useful periodicals, too, had to be cut off
where the probable take was too thin to justify the expenditure of
man-hours. The coverage exploited was still extensive, as may be seen
from the Bibliography. A general list of titles explored (whether fruitfully
or not) is on file with the SES copy of the report.
In the introduction, the general course of the Soviet electrification
development is briefly outlined.
The first chapter deals with the layouts of different sections
of the main power plant building. The four basic types of widely used
plant design are described, and examples of some existing power plants
typifying these different layouts of sections are shown.
The second chapter analyzes the structural details of the main plant
building.
XV
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The third chapter deals with separate large Soviet thermal power
plants giving for each all available and some estimated data and photo-
graphic illustrations.
A word of caution is in order concerning data on plants in those
parts of the Soviet Union that were overrun by the Germans in World War II.
Al]. existing power stations in those regions were presumably demolished
by the invaders. It is understood that most of the early reconstruction
work was based on the original designs. This Section, however, has no
information as to the total amount of new and updated design work that
went into the reconstruction effort. .It is therefore anybody's guess
whether the data in this report on any plant in regions which were under
German occupation represents what is there now, or whether it has been
replaced by a more modern installation.
xvi
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INTRODUCTION
The electrification of Soviet Russia went through several stages in
the course of its development. The original electrification plan "Goelro"
(State Commission for the Electrification of Russia) was approved in 1921
and the construction of electric power plants received first priority.
The guiding principles of the "Goelro" plan were: the restoration and
reconstruction of old power plants, (part A of the Plan); the construction
of 30 large regional power stations, mostly thermal (GRES), built in
places where local low-grade fuel resources were available (peat, brown coal,
anthracite calm, etc.); and connected with high-tension lines to form
several main regional electric power grids (part B of the Plan).
Part A of "Goelro" plan was fulfilled by 1923, and part B around 1930.
In the Filrst Piatiletka (1928 - 1932) the original "Goelro" plan was
extended, first by the increase of installed capacities in the already
existing plants and secondly, by building 20 more power plants, almost
all thermal. (See maps on Plates 1 and 2)
The main building of these power plants built up to the end of the
first Piatiletka was usually a poured-in-place reinforced concrete
frame structure with masonry curtain walls or brick panel walls and
steel or wooden roof trusses. Columns were rigidly connected to poured-
in-place pile-supported foundations and were entirely separate from the
special pile-supported poured-in-place reinforced concrete foundations
for the machinery.
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Up to the end of the First Piatiletka very few hydroelectric
stations were built. The main reason for this slow-down was that
previously made geological surveys proved to be inadequate for the
construction of dams and that more accurate surveys and plans were
necessary.
Beginning with the Secon0 Piatiletka (1933 - 1937) the construction
of hydroelectric stations was started on a much larger scale.
The thermal power capacity was further expanded, mostly by additional
installations in existing plants, and by building not only some new
large power plants but also smaller local electrical stations which were
switched into the steadily expanding regional grids. Larger new power
plants were built, mostly in cities and around industrial centers.
(See map on Plate 3).
The poured-in-place reinforced concrete type of construction was being
gradually replaced by construction with precast reinforced concrete
elements, such as columns, beams, and girders; the plant foundations and
substructures, however, were still built of monolythic reinforced concrete.
This trend continued during the Third Piatildke (1938 - 1941/.
During this time larger power and heat-and-power stations were built in
the East, in the Ural Mountains, in Siberia, and in Central Asia; this
building program in the East was especially intensified during the War.
During the War, precast reinforced concrete elements were not used
in the construction of power stations because the precast fabricating
plants were not operating.
?2?
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After the War, during the Fourth Pia11104 (1944- 1950) the first
task was to rebuild the destroyed power plants. Next, rural electrifi-
cation was greatly increased and extended whenever possible by the con-
struction of mall local hydroelectric plants. During the nfth (1951 - J.955)
and the present Sixth (1956 - ) Piatiletkas large hydroelectric projects
were carried out. The share of electrical energy produced by hydroelecrric
plants rose to 25% of the total.
In the design and construction of new thermal power plants more
standardization was attempted.
The power plants are under the Ministry of Electric Power Stations
and plane for new stations are designed by the Institut Teploelektro-proyekt.
The Institute prepares suggested master schemes for thermal plant con-
struction. Precast reinforced concrete elements were prevailingly used
in construction of plants; also rigid welded steel reinforcing skeletons
which form the main reinforcement for the concrete frames of the building.
Certain elements, usually roof beams, are of prestressed reinforced concrete.
In the design of power plant foundations, instead of providing a separate
foundation for each piece of auxiliary equipment, the design called for
a basement with a heavy reinforced-concrete slab foundation. Only (1)
the columns have separate footings, and (2) the boilers and turbogenerators
rest on separate monolithic poured-in-place concrete blocks.
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440'
With boiler efficiencies increased so that a single boiler is
sufficient to serve one turbogenerator, the design of thermal power
plants has become simpler. The turbine hall is parallel to the boiler
house, the turbogenerators are placed lengthwise to the turbine hall,
and since one turbogenerator set longitudinally occupies the same space
as its boilers, the condensing equipment being placed underneath in .
the basement, a block system boiler-turbine can be introduced. Instead
of a central fuel preparation system (pulverizing for coal and milling
for peat) at present each boiler has its own separate fuel preparation
unit. Because boilers and turbogenerator sets are now (19516) larger and
heavier, power plant construction has become stronger, foundations heavier,
travelling bridge cranes of greater load-lifting capacities (100 - 200
ma tons), and consequently columns and girders stronger. The cross-section
widths, however, of the boiler and turbine rooms can remain unchanged.
One of the building's end walls is made as a temporary structure to be
moved in case the plant is extended for the installation of new boiler-s
turbine block units. The unit capacities of these new boiler-turbogenerator
sets have been increased. The boilers presently (1950 installed* work
at higher pressures (up to 300 atm.) and higher temperatures (up to
650?C = 1200?F), and turbogenerators can be installed at higher capacity
ratings (up to 150,000 kw.)
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MAP OF DISTRICT
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
AT THE END OF THE PIATYLETKA (OCTOBER 1ST. 1933) INDICATING POWER PLANTS
WORKING IN 193b, THOSE BEING ENLARGED AND OTHERS UNDER ERECTION
1011330110101048310k
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DESIGNATIONS
I. 1933
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PIA! S 1.
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LIST OF REGIONAL ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS IN THE USSR IN 1936
POWER STATION
1. NIVA HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
CAPACITY
30,000 KW
POWER STATION
30. OTHER CENTRAL POWER STATIONS OF THE DONBAS
CAPACITY
45,000 KW
2. KONDOPOGA HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
4.500
1.
31. NOVOROSSISK REGIONAL POWER STATION
20.000 *
3. LENINGRAD POWER STATIONS
378 000
?
32. WELDON HYDROELECTRIC STATION
23,000 ?
4. VOLKHOV HYDROELECTRIC STATION
66,000
*
33. RION HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
48,000 ?
5. LOWER SVIR HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
100,000
*
34. ZEMO-AVCHALI HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
25,000 *
6. MOSCOW POWER STATIONS
314,000
?
35. DZORAGET HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
22.500 ?
7. SHATURA REGIONAL POWER STATION
180.000
?
36. BAKU REGIONAL POWER STATION
176.000 ?
8. KASHIRA REGIOAAL POWER STATION ?
186.000
*
37 KADYRYA HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
13,000 ?
9. STALINOGORSK REGIONAL POWER STATION
100.000
?
38. BURJAR HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
3,300 ?
10. KALININ POWER STATIONS
19,000
?
39. BOZ-SU HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
3.000 *
11. WHITE RUSSIAN REGIONAL POWER STAT)ON
20.000
?
AO. TASHKENT POWER STATION
3.500 *
12. VORONEZH REGIONAL POWER STATION
24.000
?
41. FERGANA REGIONAL POWER STATION
8.200 ?
13. BRIANSK REGIONAL POWER STATION
22.000
42. NOVOSIBIRSK HEAT-AND-POWER STATION
35.500 ?
14. KIEV POWER STATION
64.000
?
43. KEMEROVO REGIONAL POWER STATION
48.000 ?
15. KHARKOV POWER STATIONS (TOGETHER WITH
44. CHEUABINSK REGIONAL POWER STATION
150.000 *
KRASNOZAVODSK HEAT-AND-POWER STATION)
98.000
?
45. KIZEL REGIONAL POWER STATION
98.000 *
16. KRIVOI ROG REGIONAL POWER STATION
44,000
?
46. YEGORSHINO REGIONAL POWER STATION
24.500 *
17. RYKOV POWER STAT/ON
6.000
?
47 SVERDLOV REGIONAL POWER STATION
11.000 *
18. KAMENSKOYE POWER STATION
48.000
*
48. PERM REGIONAL POWER STATION
8.000 *
1
19. DNIEPER HYDRO-ELECTRIC STATION
558.000
*
49. MIDDLE URA'-S REGIONAL POWER STATION
50.000 ?
20. ODESSA POWER STATION
37,000
*
50. BEREZNIKI HEAT-AND-POWER STATION
93.000 ?
21. NIKOLAYEVSK POWER STATION
13.500
?
51. KUIBYSHEV REGIONAL POWER STATION
27.000 ?
22. SEVASTOPOL REGIONAL POWER STATIONS
8.000
?
52. STALINGRAD REGIONAL POWER STATION
75.000 "
23. SIMFEROPOL CITY POWER STATION
1.700
?
53. SARATOV POWER STATIONS
22.000 ?
24. YALTA CITY POWER STATION
1.300
?
54 KAZAN POWER STATION
24.000 ?
25. ROSTOV POWER STATIONS
128.000
?
55. GORKI REGIONAL POWER STATION
204.000 ?
26. KRASNODAR REGIONAL-POWER STATION
10.000
?
56. IVANOVO POWER STATIONS
113.000 ?
27. SHTEROVKA REGIONAL POWER STATION
152.000
?
57. VLADIMIR HEAT-AND-POWER STATION
3.500 I.
28. ZUYEVKA REGIONAL POWER STATION ?
200.000
?
58. YAROSLAVL REGIONAL POWER STATION
36,000 ?
29. NORTHERN DONETS REGIONAL POWER STATION
65.000
?
59. ARCHANGEL REGIONAL POWER STATION
16,000 ?
ITHE NUMBERS AGAINST THE STATIONS IN THIS LIST CORRESPOND TO THE NUMBERS SHOWN IN THE CHART)
CAPACITIES IN l OF REGIONAL 2011E1 STATIONS ni ME USSR IN IME MOWN Off MOS KATE 2.
PLATE 3.
? ? ?
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HE GC)ELFIC) PLAN FULFILLED
AROUGH CHART OF THE REGrONAL ELEC, (RIC
??;" POWER STATIONS OF THE uSSR IN IN F,
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NOVOsiBtRsK KRASNOMRSA .
OF REGIONAL ROM STATIONS IN TER USSR IN 1936
Source: USSR in construction, 1936, No. 6: Dx26741u3
EEN;La-
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te? -evy" ?-?;74..
CHAPTER I
GENERAL LAYOUT OF THE MAIN PLANT BUILDING
The larger thermal electric power plants in the USSR have steam
turbines as primery movers. Steam piston engines have been completely;
discarded, gas turbines are still only in an experimental stage and
Diesel motors are used in power plants of smaller capacity serving local
needs. The layout of plants has been influenced principally by the
kind, efficiency and size of equipment installed, by the kind of fuel
fired, and also, to certain extent, by the type of the station, i.e.
whether it a.. condensingor a heat-and-power producing plant.
The general scheme of a plant layout is mainly centered on the
proper placing of the boiler house as the most complex section of the
plant and on the grouping of the turbine hall and other sections in
relation to it.
When the steam turbine was introduced as the prime mover, the
total capacity of several boilers was necessary to produce a sufficient
amount of steam for one turbine. In the first peat-firing plants built
in the twenties therefore, we find that either: 1/ the boiler rooms
are placed at right angles to the turbine hall; or 2/ the turbine hall
is placed parallel between two boiler rooms.
Examples of the first type of arrangement are: 1/ the first
priority of the 204,000 kw. Gorokiy ORES (see Plate 4, Fig. 1) which
has three double-row boiler rooms, 6 boilers to a turbine; 2/ the first
and second priorities of the 180,000 kw. Shatura ORES (see Plate 4. Fig. 2)
which has three single-row boiler rooms, 0 boilers to a turbine.
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.7-14,1471:Q4:144 'rt.` ; ku.,-t.
An example of the second type of arrangement is the 100,000 kw.
Dubrovka GRES where the turbine hall is placed between two boiler rooms
and parallel to them Owe Plate 5),
With the rapid advance of boiler engineering, the improved boiler..
turbine ratio made it possible to lay out electric power stations with
the turbine hall and one boiler house parallel. At first, when 2 boilers
were still needed for one turbine, the boilers were arranged either in
a double row, as in the 152,000 kw. Shterovkla pulverized-coal ORES
(Plate 6) or in a single row but with somewhat spread-out turbo-generator
sets as in the peat-bumiling 120,000 kw. Ivanovo GRES (see Plate 7).
Further increase in boiler capacities made it possible to design stations
with one boiler installed per turbine.
The turbogenerator sets are arranged lengthwise to the axis of the
turbine hall in all stations, with the exception of the first priority
of the Shatura and the Dubrovka plants, where the turbogenerators are
installed crosswise.
The main building of a thermal electric power (or heat-and-power)
station is composed of the following sections:
1. The fuel bunker gallery section, in most cases with the peat-
milling or coal-pulverizing installation (central or individual for each
boiler);
2. The boiler house;
3. The smoke discharge section (smoke exhaust flues, induced-draft fans;
4. The section of feedwater tanks, feedwater pumps, deaerators etc;
5. The turbogenerator hall and auxiliary equipment.
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Those sections can be clearly identified on the model of a
5 x 50,000 kw. pulverized-coal station (seo Plate 8) or on the model
of a 200,000 kw, peat-firing power plant tees Plate 84.
Different arrangements of these sections in relation to each other
characterize the specific types of the main building design of thermal-
electric power plants. The central point to be considered in a power
plant design is the location of the boiler house as the most complex section
of the plant.
The boiler house can have one or two free side walls - that is,
malls that do not adjoin the turbine room or its auxiliary section.
Outside a free side wall the designer can place the auxiliary sections
of the boiler house, namely: 1. the bunker section (bringing and storing
of fuel, and its preparation for burning, i.e. the milling or pulverising
equipment) and; 2. the smoke discharge section (smoke exhaust flues,
induced-draft fans, smoke stacks).
According to the location of the boiler house, the main bui
of thermal-power and heat-and-power plants can be classified in four
general groups.
First Cis.roup
1
In the first group, the boiler house has one free wall, outside of
which is the fuel bunker section. In this group, the stacks are in or
next to the boiler house; they and the induced-draft fans are set on a
high specially-constructed frame, or on top of the frame that supports
the feedwater tank, pump, and deaerator section.
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Second Group
The Second Group includes power plants where the boiler house also
has one free side wall, with the fuel bunker section adjoiping; however,
the smoke discharge installations are separated from the boiler house.
Smoke flues are brought underneath the filel bunker section, the induced-
draft fans are placed low, on the ground floor, and the stacks are separated
frog the main building.
Third Group
?
In the Third Group, the boiler house-bi-two free side walls, the
fuel bunker section on one side and the smoke discharge section on the other.
Fourth Group
The fourth Group is like the Third Inprinciple, but arranged more
compactly, with the fuel bunker section set in a frame common to that
of the turbine room.
L115-=
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A
The design of each of the groups is based on the general scheme of
arrangement of the section* however, within the framework of one group:
some individual solutions in the design of the plant are feasible. The
first group is the most common, especially in power plants built in the
twenties and thirties.
Examples of the First Group arrangement are:
a. Zayevka 96,000 kw. pulverized-coal GRES (see Plate39 & 9a).
b. Kauznetsk 108,000 kw. pulverized-coal heat-and-power TETs.
(see Plata 11)
c. Stalinogorsk pulverized coal GRES (see Plates 12 & 12a)
d. Ivanovo peat-burning GRES (see Plate 7)
e. Stalingrad pulverized-coal GRES (see Plate 10)
7%e
The layout of the First Group has the drawback that"smoke evminating
arrangement is located either totally or partially in the boiler house,
and the induced-draft fans are placed at a high level, so that their
draft capacity is reduced. In the Second Group design, this problem is
solved by bringing the smoke exhaust flues to the lower level and placing
the induced-draft fans and smoke stacks outside the boiler house. Examples
of the Seeond Group are:
a. Nesvetay ?TIES (see Plate 13)
b. Stalinak (Mosenergo #11) TETs in Moscow (see Plate 14)
The First and Second Groups form the "compact" groupings of the
station sections. The Third Group is called the "disjointed design", the
boiler house and the turbine hall being in different buildings. An example
of this arrangement is the Orsk TETs (see Plate 15).
The Fourth Group arrangement is the latest design of the power plant
building. Some power plants have already been built according to this
arrangement, probably the Cherepwelik GRES; also Miromovsk GRES and Slavyansk
GRES.
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37.?Gorki regional station (plan view).
Fig. 1 - Gorikiy Peet-Firing ORES
Etc. 38.?Sltatura regional station (plan view).
Fig. 2 - Shatura Peet-Firiavarka-
?
TBERKAL WAR PLANTS WITH BOILER ROOKS AT RIGHT ANGLE TO =ens HAIL.
Source: Weitz, 1. ed. Xaectric Power Developzent in the USSR, 1936.
TIO95.E6.
FIATS ii..
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
?
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Wt.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
88.4"
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?
L/61.0'
?
Al.3. '
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1 - Peat car; 2 - Steel peat bunker; 3 - Peat chute to the furnace vell; 1 - Furnace well;
5 - MiChanical Chain grate; 6 - Furnace; 7 - 3-druavater-tUbe boiler, capacity - 135/160 t./h.;
8 - Water economizer; 9 -Air preheaterl 10 - Smoke-ekhaust fan (induced draft); 11 - "broad draft
fan; 12.- Stack; 13 - Alb and cinder bunkers; 14 - Feedwater pipeline; 15 - Steam pipeline;
16 - Stem turbine, capscity-50,000 kw.; 17 - Condenser; 18 - Three-phase generator; 19 - Crane
bridge; 20 - Mechanical filter mesh; 21 - Circulation pumps; 22 - Water in; 23 - Drainageelannel;
Feedwater tanks.
DUBROVICA PUT - FUND GAMS.
Source: Weitz, b. Electric Power Development 1936. Tg5. E60 1936.
Antipov, I. P. Arkhitekturs elekrostantsiy, 1939. TH4581. AS.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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Plan. of DoWep vlant.
1. Boiler house
2. Pump section
3. Turbine hall
4. Control section
5. Reserve transformers
6. Oil section
7. Work shop
8. Service quarters
9. Accumulator section
10. 6,600 Volt distributing installation
U. Locker room for workers
12. Circuit breakers
13. Transformer section
14. Cooling section
.1
SHTEROVKA PULVERIZED COAL?FIRING GRES
(Capacity: 152,000 kw.)
Source: Stroitelinaya Promyshlennosti, 1924, #4, p. 243.
PLATE 6)
-17-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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63.0'
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Main building, section and, plan:
1 -Electric locomotive in the over-bunker gallery; 2 - Peat bunker;
3 - Peat Chute to the furnace; 4 - Mechanical chain grate; 5 - Furnace;
6 -Boiler; 7 - Water economizer; 8 - Air preheater; 9 - Smoke-exhaust
fen (induced draft); 10 - Stack; 11 - Forced-draft fen; 12 - Ash and
cinder bunker; 13 - Turbogenerator, capacity - 24,000 kw.; 14 - Water
Channel and sump; circulation pumps; 15 - Drainage channel; 16 - Crane
bridge; 17 - Feedwater tank; 18 Feedwater preheeters; 19 - Boiler
feedwater pumps.
=Imo PEAT-FIRING GRES
Source: Antipov, I. P. and S. S. Bakita. Arkbitektura elektrostantsiy,
1939, T84581.0.
Weitz, B. ed. Electric power development, TE85.E6 1936.
PIA TE
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
?
?
?
do".A
1. Bunker gallery
2. Boiler house
3. Induced draft fan gallery
I" Pule gallery
5. Turbine hall
6. Catwalk
NOMA Cl' A 5 x 50,000 kw; PULVZRXZID-CpAL-YIRIIKI GRES.
(Section through the Main Power Plan Building.)
Source: Antliow4 I. 10. sad S. S. Rakita, ArIchitekturei
ElektrostantsiV, 1939 M4581, A5. -
PLATZ
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
,?? ?"1f., -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
oint?iff wnix
49
Cross aection through the boiler house and the bunker gallery. The feed pump and
tank section and the turbine hall are not shown - they adjoin the boiler house to
the right.
ZUSVICA 200,000 kw PDLVERIZED-G0A14 GRES
Elektroenergetika SSSR 1934 p. 68 TIC 1193 R9 R4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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FIN;04S.."
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Cross section through the boiler house and the feedvater pump and tank section.
The bunker section is to the left of the boiler house and the turbine hall to
the right of the feedwater pump and tank section.
ZUIE'VKA 200,000 kw PULVERIZED-COAL ORES
Source: Elektroenergetika SSR 1934 p. 68, Tk 1193 R9 E4
PLATE 9A.
-22-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Section through the main power plant buildinf. Smoke-discharge section is part
of boiler house with exhaust arrangement in upper part of structure.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
-^
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LEGEND: PLATE 11
?
a -77--7A
1
Li4aEliD ?LATE 11A.
1. Bunker section.
2. Boiler house.
3. Feedwater pump and tank section.
4. Turbine hall.
5. Switch boards.
6. Service accommodations.
1 - Belt conveyers; 2 - Raw coal bunker; 3 - Automatic scales; 4 - Ball mills; 5 - Dust remover
conveyers; 6 - Worm dust conveyers; 7 - Pulverised-coal burners; 8 -Worm conveyer feeders;
9 - Pulverized-coal burners; 10 - Furnace; 11 - Boilers; 12 - Air preheater; 13 - Ash intercepting
cyclone; 14 - Induced-draft fan; 15 . Stack; 16 - Fbrced-draft fan; 17 - Cinder bunker; 18 - Ash
bunker; 19 - Steam lime to the engine room; 20 - Steam turbine; capacity - 24,000 kw. 21 -.Condenser;
22 -Water outlet lines; 23 - Crane bridge; 24 - Station distributor; 25 - Peedwater tanks;
26 - Feedwater preheaters; 27 - Boiler-feedvater pumps; 28 - Feedvater lime; 29 - High pressure
heaters
KUZBETSK PULVERIZED-COAL TETs OF THE METALLURGICAL PLANT.
Source: Antipov, I. P. Arkhitektura Elektrostantsiy. 1939. p. 177. TB 4581.A5.
PLOP, 11.A.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
sk.)
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4.0
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- 7000 -
aa.s
- :,0co
.
72
r ?
64
61700
44.
ii????
47000
Section through the main plant building.
KUZNETSK PULVERIZED-COAL HEAT-AND-PCWER STATION TEM
PLATE U.
3
1-m-limeik-m-a -a-a
:4 $
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
_
r?.)
1 - Coal-crushing installation; 2 - Coal-bunker section;
3 - Boiler house; 4 ?Water tank and pump section, with smoke
exhausts and stacks are installed above; 5 - Turbine hall.
PLATE 12a: STALINOGORSK PULVERIZED-COAL GRES
General layout of the power plant building on the bunker side
and coal conveying and crushing installations.
Source: Weitz, B., Electric Power Development in the USSR, 1936 TK85.E6,
and Antipov, I. P. Arkhitektura elekrostantsiy, 1939. TR4581.A5
LENGEND: PLATE 12
6 - Ball mills; 7 - Pulverized-coal bunker; 10 - Boiler room;
11 - Boiler-feedwater pump; 12 - Switchboard; 13 - Water tanks;
15 - Induced-draft fan gallery; 18 - Steam turbine; 19 - Circulat-
ing pump; 21 - Control room; 22 - Switching and distributing
installation.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/03: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500170001-1
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