THE PORT OF ODESSA, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 10, 2013
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 1, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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I I
ENGINEER INTELLIGENCE
EIS 113
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
THE PORT OF ODESSA, USSR (U)
COPY P. EOF 100
A TECHNICAL SERVICE INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENT
11
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II
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
CHIEF OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY.
WASHINGTON 25,,D C.
DECEMBER 1957
- SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIRED
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
EXCEPT: NONE "
REGRADING DATA CANNOT BE PREDETERMIN
50X1-HUM
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Att;i1
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R. & H. Bd.
UNCLASEIFIED
ENGINEER INTELLIGENCE STUDY
PORT OF ODESSA, USSR
11,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Page
1].1
List of Illustrations
3
List of Tables
4
Explanatory Notes
5
I. Introduction
11
2. Harbor
11
Qt?
a. Summary
11
b. Approach
11
fitti
c. Entrances
12
d. Breakwaters
12
e. Basins
21
f. Liability to silting, dredging required, composi-
tion of bottom
g. Bridges and other obstructions crossing navigable
parts of harbor
h. Anchorages
25
25
25
1. Hydrographic conditions affecting navigation
26
3. Wharves
27
a. Summary
27
b. Types of wharf facilities
27
c. Wharf footage by usage, by depths
28
???,a:
d. Vessel accommodation by class
28
e. Estimated military port capacity
28
f. Tabular details of piers and wharves
28
4. Mechanical handling facilities
63
?-r
a. Cranes ashore and afloat
63
b. Specialized handling equipment,
65
r
5. Port maintenance and engineer equipment afloat
65
MH
?
a. Tugs
65
b. Dredges
c. Piledrivers
66,
66
)17.
d. Block handling cranes
66
e. Salvage equipment
66
f. Fireboats
66
g. Icebreakers
66
4
6. Hards and unimproved sites usable for cargo landing
66
within the port
UNCLASSIFIED
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UNCLASSIFIED
R. &L
7. Storage
a.
b.
C,
d.
e.
f.
8. Clearance
a.
b.
c.
d.
9. Ship
a.
b.
10. Shipbuilding
a.
b.
11. Planned
19. Potentialities
a,
b.
C-
d.
13. Construction
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Odessa t USSR
Bd.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued
Page
facilities
General cargo warehouses
Bulk warehouses other than grain and tank storage
Cold storage warehouses
Tank storage
Grain elevators
Open storage
facilities
Rail
Roads
Inland waterways
Pipelines
supplies
Fuel
Utilities
and repair
Summary
Details of docking installations
development and improvements
for expansion
Summary
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
data
Availability of construction materials
Weather and climatic factors affecting construction
Labor and craftsmen factors
Foundation conditions
Water supply
Electirc power
Coal
71
71
71
71
71
72
72
72
72
77
78
78
81
81
81
81
81
82
89
90
90
90
90
93
93
93
94
94
04
95
14. Points of vulnerability in the port area
15. Comments on principal sources
Distribution List
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UNCLASSIFIED
R. & H. Bd.
Figure
CONFIDENTIAL
ENGINEER INTELLIGENCE STUDY
PORT OF ODESSA, USSR
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Description
1 Location map?,
2 Panoramic view of port of Odessa looking SE.
3 View of southern entrance to Odessa Harbor.
4 View showing northern entrance to the main
harbor, and entrance to the Petroleum Harbor.
5 Views and sectional sketch of curving breakwater
protecting the harbor from the S.
6 Photo and sectional sketch of breakwater pro-
tecting the harbor from the N and E.
7 View of New Breakwater.
8 View of detached wooden breakwater protecting
the ship repair basin.
9 View of bucket-type dredge working in the Commer-
.cial Harbor.
10 View of Mediterranean-type moorings at Odessa.
11 Panoramic view of the Commercial Harbor.
12 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 1.
13 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 2.
14 View and sectional sketches of wharf Ref. 3.
15 View and sectional 'Icetch of wharf Ref. 4.
16 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 5,
17 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 6.
18 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 7.
19 Views and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 8.
20 Views and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 9.
21 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 10.
22 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 11.
23 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 12.
24 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 13.
25 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 14.
26 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 15.
27 View and sectional sketch of wharf Ref. 16.
28 Views of handling equipment.
29 Sketch of grain handling device.
30 Views of grain handling equipment and facilities.
31 Views of bucket-type dredge and floating
piledriver.
32 Views of warehouses at the
33 Aerial and ground views of
34 Views of storage tanks and
pipeline connections.
35 Views of open storage space adjacent to New
Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 8).
36 Views showing utilization of open areas at the
port.
37 Aerial view of port area showing rail and road
network.
38 View of New Harbor Quay showing stocks of coal
available for bunkering purposes.
39 Sketch showing location of shipyard facilities.
port.
petroleum storage area.
petroleum pier and
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9
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
23
24
29
30
33
34
37
38
41
42
45
46
49
50
53
54
57
58
61
62
67
68
69
70
73
74
75
76
79
80
83
111
4,4
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-Figure
? ...-----,
40 Views of shipyard facilities. 84
41 Plan showing location of phased potentialities 91
for expansion.
42 Aerial and ground photos of potential expansion 92
areas at the port.
43 View of generating plant at Odessa, looking W. 97
44 Annotated vulnerability map. follows page
100
45 Port plan. do
46 H. 0. Chart 4202 (Inset). do
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CONFIDENTIAL
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued
Description Page
Odessa., USSR
Number
LIST OF TABLES
Description
Basins.
II Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.).
iii Cranes Ashore.
IV Summary of port facilities.
'CONFIDENTIAL
Page
22
31
64
follows page
100
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R. &H. Bd.
ENGINEER INTELLIGENCE STUDY
PORT OF ODESSA, USSR
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Anchorages
Anchorages are given where appropriate in the following
classes:
Class I 800-yard diameter 38-foot depth
Class II 500-yard diameter 30-foot depth
Class III 300-yard diameter 20-foot depth
Class IV 200-yard diameter 15-foot depth
Usable berthing space
Wharves with alongside depths of 5 feet or more at mean
low water are the only facilities listed.
The following classification of wharf berths is used in
this report:
Class A-type - (Liberty-Victory) (C2 and C3)
Length of 460 to 500 feet with depths
of 24 to 29 feet alongside.
Class B-type
- (Large coaster)
Length of 350 feet with
to 24 feet alongside.
depths
of
19
Class C-type
- (Standard coaster)
Length of 250 feet with
to 19 feet alongside.
depths
of
16
Class D-type
- (Small coaster)
11
mg]
Lighter
T-D tanker
Length of 200 feet with depths of
to 16 feet alongside.
- Length of 100 feet with depths of
to 12 feet alongside.
- Depths of 13 to 25 feet alongside.
12
5
' -5--
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if:
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CONFIDENTIAL
EXPLANATORY NOTES-Continued
Facilities included
-
Odessa, USSR
Wharves known to handle general cargo, or believed to be
suitable for handling general cargo, are listed as general
41.4
k"-fl
X7.72,
n77
tv.A.3
,s
cargo wharves. However, where there are minor facilities
for handling grain, coal, or petroleum products on a general
cargo wharf, the wharf is classified as a general cargo facil-
ity. When a wharf is used exclusively for fitting out, coal,
grain, petroleum, repair, and other special uses, it is classi-
fied and tabulated as such.
Distances
Unless otherwise stated, distances are expressed in feet
or nautical miles.
Depths of wester and heights above water
Expressed in feet. In presenting navigation and construc-
tion features, depths of water and heights above water are in
terms of chart datum (zero tide).
Construction details
Expressed in feet or meters. Slopes of embankments, break-
waters, etc. are expressed in the text in terms of the horizontal
base to the vertical rise as 3 to I or 4 to 3.
Harbor areas
For less than I square nautical mile, areas are listed in
acres. Over 850 acres, the areas are listed in terms of square
nautical miles.
Covered storage space
The total area in warehouses, transit sheds, and similar
structures Is given in square feet of floor area. No deduction
Is made for aisle, fire, elevator, or other such space.
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R. &H. Bd.
EXPLANATORY NOTES-Continued
Place names
Odessa, USSR
The latest available designation for places and areas is
given. English terms for words such as wharf, bay, canal, and
basin have been given preference.
Estimated military unloading capacity
The estimated military unloading capacity of a port is
determined on the following basis:
One long (2,240-pound) ton of general cargo handled in a
20-hour day for each linear foot of usable general cargo wharf.
However, this estimate has been reduced in some cases to compen-
sate for local conditions which restrict cargo handling
operations.
Potentialities for expansion
Description of the expansion possibilities of the port to
increase the military discharge capacity. The phased program
to be used as a guide for planning purposes is as follows:
Phase I - The repair, improvement, and modernization of
existing facilities, including minor dredging.
Phase II - Improvements such as the construction of addi-
tions or extensions to existing wharves or piers, including
dredging requirements.
Phase III - Suggestions for the location of new piers or
wharves.
Points of vulnerability
The points of vulnerability in the port are those which if
rendered useless by any means, in whole or in part, would ad-
versely affect the present and ultimate capacity of the port.
Declassified in
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0111.?
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.14$24,1.901,..1,04V rit. %;44., t 4.4 pwar.-4,
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
NIKOLAYEV
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KHERSON
TAGANROG
MARIUPOL:
? ROSTOV
YEYSK
RUMANIA
SEA OF AZOV
FEODOSIYA
? NOVOROSSIYSK
TUAPSE
BULGARIA
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GREECE
POTI
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ARABIA
SINAI
EGYPT
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FIGURE 1
PAGE 9
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SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
R. & H. Bd.
Panoramic view of the port of Odessa looking SE.
ONI 490562, 490566, 490568 February 1951
1. Introduction
Odessa is located on the southwestern side of Odessa
Bay in the extreme northwestern part of the Black Sea.
(Figure 1) It is the principal Black Sea port of the USSR, and
serves as a commercial and trading port for a rich agricultural
area including the Ukraine, and as a minor naval base. Exports
since World War II include grain, coal, ores, lumber, and proc-
essed iron, together with trucks and other agricultural and
industrial machinery which are consigned to satellite countries
only. Imports include machinery, rubber, wool, cork, crude
petroleum, olive oil, sugar, seed oil, and other foodstuffs.
The extensive damage to the port facilities which
was inflicted during World War II has been repaired and some
additional improvements have been made.
The city adjoins the port on the west and south. It is
located on a hill which slopes steeply toward the sea. The
estimated population of Odessa was 625,000 in January 1955.
2. Harbor
a. Summary
Odessa harbor is artificial and lies in the south-
western part of Odessa Bay. It is protected by a series of
breakwaters, 3 of which are detached. (Figure 45)
b. Approach
The approach to the port is from the southeast and
east through the Black Sea and into Odessa Bay through gradually
diminishing depths. Shoals and other dangers to
plainly charted. However, magnetic variation in
largely affected by local influences and caution
necessary. (Figure 46)
navigation are
Odessa Bay is
is therefore
FIGURE 2
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ft,?
Pk*,
R. &H. Bd.
e. Entrances
There are 3 entrances to Odessa Tfarbor each of which
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
is between breakwaters--2 to the main
harbor and 1 to the Petroleum Harbor.
The southern entrance to
or southern part of the
(Figure 45)
the main harbor is ap-
proached from the north and is made between a long, curving
breakwater known as Reidovi Mole, and the southeastern end of a
long, detached breakwater running at right angles to Reidovi Mole.
The entrance width between these breakwaters is about 1,050 feet,
and the controlling depth is 31 feet. (Figure 3)
The second entrance to the main harbor is from the
east, between the north end of the detached breakwater mentioned
in the preceding paragraph and the south end of a T-shaped
breakwater lying to the northward. There is a width of 1,400 feet
at this entrance with a controlling depth of 27 feet for a dis-
tance of 1,000 feet. The approach to this entrance has been
dredged to 30 feet with a least width of 400 feet. (Figure 4)
The third entrance leads to the north end of the
port known as the Petroleum Harbor. The dredged channel from the
east leads to a point near the north end of the detached break-
water. A northwesterly channel leads into the Petroleum Harbor.
This channel also is dredged and has a controlling depth of 30
feet for a width of 350 feet. (Figure 4)
Pilotage is compulsory; experienced harbor pilots
are available. There are no sea pilots. Harbor pilots board the
vessels at the anchorage after inspection when alongside berths
are available.
d. Breakwaters
The port of Odessa is protected by a series of
breakwaters, 2 of which are detached. On the south a dog-leg
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& H. Bd.
SECRET
Odessa, USSR
View looking NE from Quarantine Harbor showing southern entrance
between breakwaters in background.
ONI 438679
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SECRET
July 1948
FIGURE 3
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R. 85 H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
View looking N showing northern entrance to main harbor
between the detached breakwaters. Note warehouse under
in foreground. Arrow to left indicates dredged channel
Petroleum Harbor.
ONI 1104319
FIGURE 4
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SECRET
(right arrow)
construction
to the
September 1951
?
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14'
????0111PP4p,
Looking E showing curving breakwater - Reidovi Mole - extending from Quarantine Mole,
tecting the harbor from the S. Note Vorontsovskiy Lighthouse at end of breakwater
(upper left).
View looking S showing curving breakwater extending seaward from
Quarantine Mole affording protection to the port from the SE.
July 1948
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Looking WNW from southern end of eastern detached breakwater.
Note log rafts tied alongside.
Sectional sketch showing type of construction of eastern break-
water. Dimensions in feet.
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CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking S showing irregularly shaped, detached breakwater
which protects the Repair Basin at the Marti Shipyard.
FIGURE 8
?
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1950
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R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
pier known as Quarantine Mole extends from the shoreline for a
distance of 2,820 feet in a general northeast direction. The
total length of this pier is 3,930 feet. From the outer end of
Quarantine Mole a long, curving breakwater, Reidovi Mole, extends
in a northern direction for a distance of about 2,130 feet. The
breakwater is constructed of artificial blocks weighing from 20
to 40 tons each, resting on a horizontal base
The blocks are placed in exact alinement, and
are separated and traverse the entire wall in
of graded rubble.
vertical joints
order to compensate
for uneven settling. The base is in the shape of ladder steps
giving the battering face a slope which does not substantially
exceed 2 feet on the vertical to 7 feet on the horizontal. Atop
the wall there is a stone masonry parapet. The edtire structure
is 33.03 feet in height, extending about 15 feet above the sur-
face of the water. The breakwater proper is 22 feet wide at the
base, sloping to 16 feet in width at the base of the parapet,
which is approximately 12 feet wide. (Figure 5) Vorontsovskiy
Lighthouse, with a light elevation of 36 feet, is located at the
tip of this breakwater. Adjoining the light is a small wooden
shack used as a naval observation point
At right angles to Reidovi
1,150 feet shoreward from its outer end
and signal station.
Mole and approximately
is the southernmost tip
of a long, detached breakwater, which extends in a northwest
direction roughly paralleling the shoreline about 0.5 nautical
mile distant. This breakwater, which is about 4,000 feet in
length, provides protection to the main harbor from the north and
east. (Figure 6) The construction details of this breakwater are
substantially the same as those of Reidovi Mole.
About 1,250 feet to the north of the northwestern
end of this breakwater, a second detached breakwater extends in
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Odessa, USSR
a more northerly direction. This structure, known as New Brea:-
water, has a total length of 1,700 feet; however, the northern 500
feet are entirely submerged. This breakwater serves as protection
on the east to the lower reaches of Petroleum Harbor. Information
is not available as to the construction details of this structure,
except that it consists of blocks, while photographs show that
the portion above the surface consists of large, unevenly placed,
stone or concrete blocks. This breakwater also parallels the
shoreline at a distance offshore of about 3,600 feet or slightly
over one-half nautical mile. (Figure 7)
Directly inshore from New Breakwater there is a
T-shaped breakwater with the base of the "T" connected with the
shore. This structure separates Working Harbor on the north from
Repair Basin on the south, while the head or top of the "T" pro-
vides protection for the 2 basins lying immediately to the vest.
Construction details are not available; however, photographs and
other data indicate that the type of construction of this break-
water is similar to that of Reidovi Mole. (Figure 5)
Northward, protecting the Repair Basin, is an irreg-
ularly shaped, detached breakwater of wooden piles about 2,000
feet in length. This extends in a general north - south direc-
tion. (Figure 8)
The final protective structure to be considered at
the port is an L-shaped quayed breakwater protecting and forming
the northern and eastern extremities of Petroleum Harbor. This is
known as the Oil Mole. It extends in a southeastern direction
from shore about 1,700 feet. The head extends at right angles in
a southwestern direction about 900 feet. The Oil Mole is about
120 feet wide for a distance of 1,400 feet out from shore. It
then widens to about 150 feet at the outer end. The L-head or
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R. & H. Bd. Odessa, USSR
shorter section, which runs in a southwesterly direction, is about
90 feet wide. Construction details of Oil Mole are not available,
but photos and other data indicate that part is of reinforced
concrete and part of timber piling and decking.
e. Basins
Specific information concerning the individual
basins at the port of Odessa is contained in the table of Basins.
-21-
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40,m?-ivY
t*...711;p,t41, ,k4+17g5
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Quarantine
Harbor
New
Harbor
Cabotage
Harbor
Pratique
Harbor
Shipyard
Basin
Repair
Basin
Working
Harbor
Petroleum
Harbor
A-4'0 .t.7.4?",?0?K*4+7N*.?...
Basins
Length Width Area
(feet) (feet) (acres) Use
1,800 1,150 45.5 General
cargo and
grain
1,375 1,110 36 General
cargo
1,180 1,080 31 Coal and
general
cargo
1,500 1,230 42 Probably
general
cargo
Entrance Entrance
Width Depth
(feet) (fast)
575 31
1,700 28
1,080 26
325 24
820 750 11 Ship 325 14
repair
1,400 1,230 40 do 395 25
1,020 990 27 do 390 17
2,700 1,650 123 Petroleum 350 30
products (dredged
channel)
Area of harbor not including basins is 455 acres. Total area of harbors including basins is
.810.5 acres.
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R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
View looking E showing Mediterranean-type moorings used by ships
lying inside breakwater at Odessa. Note mooring buoys (arrows)
near center of photo.
ONI-Y5 1104295
FIGURE 10
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September 1951
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
f. Liability to silting, dredging required, composition
of bottom
Specific information regarding silting at the port
and the amount and frequency of required dredging is not availa-
ble. However, the 2 dredged channels mentioned above are appar-
ently maintained at a depth of 30 feet and, because of the nature
of the bottom, it may be assumed that some periodic dredging is
carried out in the vicinity of the piers and quays. Bottom sed-
iments at Odessa consist chiefly of mud with a layer of sand.
(Figure 9)
Dredging was under way off the southern entrance to
the port in August 1955, and in the area southeast of the
Petroleum Pier adjoining the dredged channel leading to the
Petroleum Harbor in September 1955.
g.
Bridges and other obstructions crossing navigable
parts of harbor
There are no bridges crossing the harbor, and the
only known obstruction is a submarine cable extending between
Quarantine Mole breakwater and the southern tip of the detached
breakwater to the northwest.
h. Anchorages
Unlimited anchorage is available about 0.5 mile
northeast of Vorontsovskiy Lighthouse which is at the head of
Reidovi Mole. Thirty-five to 45 feet of water is available, and
the bottom is sand with some mud. Although exposed to the east,
this anchorage is considered generally good.
Moorings for 3 or 4 Class A-type Iressels are avail-
able from buoys located inside and parallel to the detached
breakwater. (Figure 10)
-25-
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. & H. Bd. CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
A considerably larger number of vessels could be
moored in this protected area through the use of Mediterranean
moorings, which are widely used in the area. (Figure 10) This
consists of tying vessels stern-to to the breakwater on its inner
or protected side. The bow is held off by anchor or by mooring
buoy.
i. Hydrographic conditions affecting navigation
Tides are negligible in the area. The spring range
is 0.4 foot. The mean range is 0.2 foot, and the neap range is
0.1 foot. Atmospheric pressure and winds, rather than tides,
cause the main variations in the water level of Odessa Bay. The
level may be raised 2.0 feet above normal by strong easterly
winds, and it may be lowered a like amount by strong winds from
the.northeast. The maximum recorded rise above the mean level ii
2.7 feet, and maximum fall is 4.0 feet.
Ice conditions vary considerably with the severity
of the winter. Normally, navigation at Odessa is maintained
throughout the winter by the use of icebreakers. Modifications
in the condition and limits of the ice may occur with a change in
the synoptic pattern (temperature or wind change). Intense
storms over the Black Sea will break up ice formations in open
sea areas. A tabulation of the ice conditions is shown 'on the
following page.
-26-
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
First Appearance of Ice
Earliest
Latest
First Landfast Ice
,Earliest
Latest
Complete Freezing
Earliest
Latest
Ice Breakup
Earliest
Latest
Final Ice Clearance
Earliest
Latest
Total Duration (Days)
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum Ice Thickness
Inches
CONFIDENTIAL
Vorontsovskiy
Lighthouse
(46?30'N, 30046'E)
Dec. 12
Jan. 22
Dec. 12
Jan. 20
Jan. 22
Feb. 5
Jan. 28
Mar. 1
Feb. 21
Mar. 31
92
26
24
Odessa, USSR
Bolishoy Fontan
Lighthouse
(46?23'N, 30?45'E)
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar.
Feb.
Mar.
22
31
1
2
16
1
21
28
1,7
..,
..0
g
110
l'.
i
54
19
6
3. Wharves
a. Summary
The port facilities at Odessa extend along the pro-
tected southwestern part of Odessa Bay for a distance of about
2.5 miles, with the general cargo and commercial wharves located
in the southern part of the port; the coal handling wharves
adjacent thereto in the central part; and the naval, shipbuild-
ing and petroleum handling facilities concentrated in the north-
ern part. (Figure 11)
b. Types of wharf facilities
The wharves and piers consist of reinforced concrete
piers with reinforced concrete arches supporting reinforced con-
crete decking; masonry quays retaining solid fill; and open pile
and timber deck construction for the Petroleum Pier.
-27-
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. & H. Bd. CONFIDENTIAL Odessa, USSR
c. Wharf footage by usage, by depths
The berthing facilities for handling general, cargo
have 5,115 linear feet with alongside depths of 25 feet and over,
6,815 linear feet with alongside depths of 18 to 25 feet, 4,890
linear feet with alongside depths of 12 to 18 feet, and 1,525
linear feet with alongside depths of 5 to 12 feet. There are
1,900 linear feet 'with alongside depths of 17 feet for the han-
dling of petroleum, 600 linear feet with alongside depths of 21
feet for the handling of grain, and 450 linear feet with along-
side depths of 17 to 25 feet for ship repairs.
d. Vessel accommodation by class
These facilities provide berthing accommedations for
10 Class A-, 11 Class B-, 14 Class C-, and 19 Class D-type ves-
sels, 13 lighters, and 9 Class T-D tankers. The lighters can serv-
ice 1 Class A- and 2 Class B-type vessels in the harbor.
e. Estimated military port capacity
The present military unloading capacity of the port,
based upon the handling of general cargo at the piers and quays,
is estimated to range between 18,000 and 19,000 long tons of gen-
eral cargo per 20-hour day. A phased study of the expansion
possibilities indicates that the capacity could be increased
about 3,800 tons.
f. Tabular details of piers and wharves
The known details of piers and quays together with
photos and sectional sketches, where available, are shown in the
table of Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.) under 16 reference numbers
These numbers are used to designate their locations on the port
plan, Figure 45.
-28-
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Looking E toward the Commer
ONI 490562, 490566, 490568
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release . 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Looking E toward the Commercial Harbor of Odessa.
in the background and New Harbor and Cabotage Harbor in the foreground.
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Wr.
R. & H. Bd.
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SECRET
Odessa,
USSR
View of wharf
on wharf.
ONI 1104264
Ref. 1, looking E. Note grain handling
1225
facilities
September
10.50
0.15
cri
???
:
.).: -2 ?14.,
41!**61..p ??47 6?;:rt;:?;:tleb.01
Nsv v ???,,v \:sv w,,;??? \ ? \Nis N, No.
V. ? % ".'?;:C/ 4.0 '111:/:`., 4 ? e
? .1
o.
?-?:c
: ? ?
pd.
11.40
19.92
22.32
Sectional sketch showing type
Dimensions in meters.
FIGURE 12
PAGE 30
of construction of Ref. 1.
SECRET
1951
;11
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
Quarantine Mole
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
' Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
Dimensions (feet)
Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Utilities:
Water
Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
1
Grain handling and general cargo.
Offshore wharf consisting of individual
piers of reinforced concrete caissons
filled with limestone or masonry blocks
of stone or brick. The caissons measure
37.40 by 23.78 ft., and are spaced 48.93
ft. apart at the waterline. They sup-
port reinforced concrete arches and
decking which is surfaced with stone
blocks or cobblestone. Built along the
N side of the wharf and adjoining it at
the same level is a timber wharf about
6.56 ft. in width.
Unlimited.
About 5
1,250
1,250
19 to 30
About 20 to open.
1 Class A, 2 Class B.
2
Frame.
200 by 50 and 270 by 60
1
About 26,000
2 traveling electric portal jib cranes of
about 7-ton capacity; 1 overhead grain
conveyor, multiple spouted. (Cranes also
serve wharf Ref. 2)
5-ft.-gage spur tracks laid entire length
of wharf flush with deck.
Truck access with turning space.
Available.
Available. Wharf lighted.
Extend quay along inner or protected side
of the breakwater about 500 ft. in a gen-
eral NE direction. This would provide
additional deepwater berthing, and permit
an increase in the cargo handling capacity
of about 500 T/day.
? ? ?
-31- TABLE II
CONFIDENTIAL
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!I
;
???
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Offshore wharf consisting of indi-
vidual piers of reinforced con-
crete caissons filled with lime-
stone or masonry blocks of stone
or brick. The caissons measure
37.40 by 23.78 ft., and are spaced
48.93 ft. apart at the waterline.
They support reinforced concrete
arches and decking which is sur-
faced with stone blocks or cobble-
stone. Built along the W side of
the wharf and adjoining it at the
same level is a timber wharf about
6.56 ft. in width.
_ _ _
cargo piled on wharf
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
electric traveling portal jib
cranes of about 7-ton capacity.
Also serve wharf Ref. 1.
5-ft.-gage spur tracks laid entire
length of wharf flush with deck.
Truck access with turning space.
Sectional sketch showing type of
Dimensions in meters.
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R. & H. Bd.
14.91
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
?
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CONFIDENTIAL
Looking N along wharf Ref. 3.
side of main wharf.
6.20
4.20?*
3.20
2.40
...ON IMP WWWWW illifilligrillIMIWW?1111111)110 WWWWWW IP?1111111
ClaCimholeArksastleb Lko ? Hemitur 1.142Nsvarawnsadr
magit.vtanamsrum Aim
.? :,_, ..,....-7,IIII
17 p F
?
1.241 1.0?.4.21
MDFICCIU
? -21.5tak....qabILIPUL.
?4.\.::7141111e ? /
G
FIGURE 14
PAGE 34
15.72
9.20
18.12
Note timber wharf along W
Prior to 1939
1225
Odessa, USSR
r. ?r:Cd.
v
//11; ? yt ?4-t) ):".! 1 /
Sketches showing type of construction of Ref. 3. Dimensions in meters.
CONFIDENTIAL
11.40
19.92
22.32
umi
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
Quarantine Mole
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depth alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
Dimensions (feet)
Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Utilities:
Water
Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
3
Grain handling.
Offshore wharf consisting of indi-
vidual piers of reinforced con-
crete caissons filled with lime-
stone or masonry blocks of stone
or brick. The caissons measure
37.40 by 23.78 ft., and are spaced
48.93 ft. apart at the waterline.
They support reinforced concrete
arches and decking which is sur-
faced with stone blocks or cobble-
stone. Built along the W side
of the wharf and adjoining it at
the same level is a timber wharf
about 6.56 ft. in width.
Unlimited.
About 5
600
600
21
20 to open.
1 Class B, 1 Class C.
2 or more.
Corrugated iron.
Approx. 50 by 100 each.
1
Approx. 10,000
1 overhead grain conveyor, multi-
ple spouted. 1 or more floating
grain spouts.
5-ft.-gage spur tracks laid entire
length of wharf flush with deck.
Truck access with turning space.
Available.
Available. Wharf lighted.
None.
? ? ?
-35- TABLE II
CONFIDENTIAL
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SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Details of Wharf
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Ship repair.
Stone masonry or reinforced con-
crete quay wall retaining solid
fill. Deck surfaced with stone
block or cobblestone.
Load Capacity of Deck
Unlimited.
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
About 5
450 (Used by
pair only.)
ships undergoing re-
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
17 to 25
Open.
1 Class B.
None.
Looking NE from the foot of Quarantine Mole
(arrow). Note ships tied up for repair and
Repair Basin.
50X1
September 1953
1 floating crane located here in
1955. Probaoly permanently based
at the port. 1 and possibly 2
electric jib cranes.
5-ft.-gage spur tracks laid on
wharf flush vith deck.
Truck access.
Available.
None.
There are no drydocking facilities
at this yard.
'Broken Slone
Sketch showing type of construction of wharf
Ref. 4. Scale approximate.
TABLE II
-36-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIGURE 15
SECRET
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SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Quarantine Harbor
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Details of Wharf
Bakalanya Quay
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
*Type and Construction
Ship repair and general cargo.
Stone masonry or reinforced con-
crete quay wall retaining solid
fill. Deck surfaced with stone
block or cobblestone.
Looking NE from the foot of Quarantine Mole toward Bakalanya Quay
(wharf Ref. 5). (arrow). Note cargo stored in open along quays.
September 1953
Broken Slone
Load Capacity of Deck
Unlimited.
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depth alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
Dimensions (feet)
Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
240 + 240
240 + 240
20
Open.
1 Class C, 1 Class D.
3
Probably frame.
2
Stone or concrete.
About 100 by 60 each.
1 2
42,000
5-ft.-gage spur tracks laid on
wharf flush with deck
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
Truck access.
Available.
None.
There are no drydocking facilities
at this yard.
Sketch showing type of construction of Ref.
Scale approximate.
FIGURE 16
SECRET
-39-
CONFIDENTIAL
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TABLE II
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
1.0
R. &H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Quarantine Harbor
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
?
?
?
Bak alany a Quay
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
TABLE II
6
General cargo.
Stone masonry quay wall retaining
solid fill. Deck surfaced with
stone block or cobblestone. Built
along the outside of the quay is
a timber wharf about 6.56 ft.
vide. This structure is supported
by piles and is in poor condition.
Unlimited, except for outer 6.56 ft.
About 6
900 + 920
900 + 920
27 to 31
Open.
2 Class A, 2 Class B.
None.
7 electric traveling portal jib
cranes of 7-ton capacity each.
5-ft.-gage spur tracks on quay
flush with deck.
Truck access_
Available.
None.
-40-
CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking S toward Bakalanya Quay (wharf Ref. 6).
ONI 440406
4.4.;.*?11
ZS ?
???? ??? .184
INFO. ????
41110 do?
doss or 4* ?
a...in:Taw if
70 purism
15421.
September 1948
Sectional sketch showing type of construction of
Ref. 6. Scale approximate.
-41-
SECRET
FIGURE 17
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R. & H. Bd.
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SECRET
Tim
4-I
0
Odessa, USSR
S
Fr#05,
c
FIGURE 18
-42-
SECRET
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R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf Platonovski Mole
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
7
General cargo.
Pier with octagonal-shaped concrete
piles, with a reinforced concrete
deck. The N side of this pier is
faced with wooden frame fenders
affording about 2-ft. clearance
from the pierside. The fenders
are fixed by large, countersunk,
iron staples.
Load Capacity of Deck n a
Height of Deck above Water About 6
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
S Side Face N Side
750 1315- 990
Usable berthing space 750 150 990
4 Depths alongside 25 to 33
Width of apron Open pier.
NilBerthing Capacity 2 Class A, 1 Class B, 1 Class C.
Transit Sheds None.
Handling Facilities
4 electric traveling portal jib
cranes of about 7-ton capacity
each.
Railroad Facilities Rail lines on pier.
Road Clearance Truck access.
Water and Electricity Available on pier.
Potentialities for Expansion None.
Remarks 060
-43- TABLE II
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. & H. Bd. CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays etc.)-Continued
?
Details of Wharf
Odessa, USSR
New Harbor Quay
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
Dimensions (feet)
? Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Utilities:
Water
Electricity
Potentialities for Expansioa
Remarks
TABLE 11
8
Coal and general cargo.
Stone masonry or reinforced con-
crete Quay wall retaining solid
fill. Asphalt surface. Built
along the outside of the quay is
a timber wharf about 6.56 ft.
wide. This structure is supported
by piles mad is in poor condition.
Quay is faced with -wooden frame
fenders, affordin.; 2-ft. clearance
from quayside.
Unlimited.
About 3
195
195
31
Open.
980
980
25 to 31
1 Class A, 1 Class B.
1
Brick structure with arched roof,
probably of corrugated iron.
185 by 65
2
24,050
4 electric traveling portal jib
cranes of about 7-ton capacity
each.
5-ft.-gage rail tracks on quay.
Outermost track 20 ft. from quay
face.
Truck access with turning space.
Available on quay; delivery rate
slow.
Available on quay.
None.
Coal storage on quay.
-44-
CONFIDENTIAL
?
II
& H. Bd.
SECRET
Looking NE toward New Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 8).
coal piled on quay.
ONI 1104261
Note traveling cranes and stocks of
ooking SW toward New Harbor
ONI 440408
Quay.
Note covered storage sheds at rear.
September 1948
SECRET
September 1951
L
?5,91 '
14'
' -??? , 1SSR
N
?
1
;57;;A.
fAil 40404. t olff:
41.1111.411"1"..1:41:741;11;
Sectional sketch lowing type of construction
of the permanent ;,ortion of New Harbor Quay.
Built along the fn'e of the quay is a timber
wharf about 6.56 fl. wide. This is not shown
in the sketc!.
FIGURE 19
PAGE 45
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SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Odessa, USSR
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
'OA
Details of Wharf
New Mole Pier (Coal Quay)
Looking NE from the foot of New Mole Pier. Note transit sheds, tower lighting facilities,
and numerous cranes, together with rail lines and truck clearance facilities.
ONI 1104283 September 1951
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Coal and general cargo.
Stone masonry pier with stone and
earth backfill surfaced with stone
blocks or cobblestone. War damage
?to this pier was repaired with
poured concrete.
Unlimited.
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
SE Side
885 + 200
885 + 200
24
Open.
Face
230
230
29
NW Side -
1,030
1,030 '
22
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
ti.4;:: ? " ?
27 b? uVr.r.r..
ow.
Crs,
Oa 40 Si
Orardiritts
[a
tit s
Dimensions (feet)
Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
3 Class A, 1 Class B, 1 Class D.
2
Permanent type; probably reinforced
concrete.
150 by 60
1
18,000
5 electric traveling portal jib
cranes of 7- to 10-ton capacities,
1 electric traveling portal jib
crane of about 15-ton capacity; 1
shearlegs derrick of about 20-ton
capacity.
3 rail lines on pier raised above
deck level. 2 lines terminate
half way out; the 3d extends full
length of pier.
Truck access.
Outlets on pier.
Potentialities for Expansion None.
Remarks
Looking S toward New
head of pier.
ONI 1237420
Mole dier, wharf Ref. 9. Note lighters tied at
April 1955
Sectional sketch
struction of New
scale.
showing type of con-
Mole Pier. Not to
FIGURE 20
PAGE 46
-47-
CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE II
SECRET
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L4
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
Cabotage Harbor Quay
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
? ? ? ? II ? ? ? I, ? ? M, ? I ? M.
10
General cargo.
Stone masonry quay mall retaining
solid fill. Probably asphalt sur-
facing.
Unlimited.
About 6
1,100
1,100
14 to 18
Open.
4 Class C.
None.
2 electric traveling portal jib
cranes of about 10-ton capacity.
Rail lines on quay.
Road Clearance Truck access.
Water and Electricity Available.
Potentialities for Expansion None, although minor dredging
'would improve the usefulness of
the quay.
Remarks
TABLE II
0 0 0
-48-
CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
r.4 t
Looking NE with Cabotage Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 10) in foreground.
Note traveling cranes rigged with coal grabs.
ONI 1104290
September 1951
Sectional sketch showing type of construction
of Ref. 10. Not to scale.
-49-
SECRET
FIGURE 21
4
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
111
t3,
Ct.*
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking N toward Military Mole (wharf Ref. 11). Note large
traveling jib crane and smaller crawler-type cranes on pier.
ONI 1104270
00)
t - ? ?
?1.1 blireiZit
;tem too imitte
Serttatwet
rabirdit.
021rAil
mnanzmr
Pt s' ,
September 1951
Sectional sketch showing type of construc-
tion of Military Mole.. Not to scale.
FIGURE 22
-50-
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
Military Mole
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds (number):
Construction
Dimensions (feet)
Number of floors
Total floor area (sq.ft.)
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Utilities:
Water
Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
11
General cargo.
Stone masonry pier consisting of masonry
walls retaining solid fill, cobblestone
surfacing.
Unlimited.
About 6
SE Side Face NW Side
1,250 490 27017--
1,250 490 300,230r165
18 Abt. 25 Abt. 20 22 15
Open.
1 Class A, 7 Class C.
1 1
Masonry or brick. Timber frame with
corrugated iron
siding and roof.
140 by 50
1
26,600
140 by 140
1
2 electric traveling portal jib cranes of
about 7- to 10-ton capacity.
Rail tracks on pier.
Truck access.
Available.
Available. Pier lighted.
The approx. 1,300 lin. ft. on the NW Side
of this pier, which consists of a stone
block embankment, should be rebuilt to
provide berthing. This would increase
the unloading capacity of the pier about
1,300 T/day.
Crane tracks on this pier are raised.
About 1,300 ft. on NW Side is a stone
block embankment unsuitable for either
cargo handling or idle berthing. The
pier narrows in width toward shore to
200 ft., curving inward from the head on
the NW side.
-51-
CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE II
3
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Pratique Harbor
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Details of Wharf
Odessa, USSR
Apbuznaya Quay
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
12
Probably general cargo.
Stone masonry quay wall retaining
solid fill. Stone block or cobble-
stone paving.
Unlimited.
Height of Deck above Water 5 to 6
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depths alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
850 275
850 f 275
12 to 15
Open.
5 Class D.
None.
n a
Rail tracks on quay.
Truck access.
Available.
Potentialities for Expansion Minor dredging along the quay
would improve the usefulness for
deeper draft vessels, but would
not increase the unloading ca-
pacity.
Remarks
TABLE II
? ? ?
-52-
CONFIDENTIAL
??????
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking N toward Apbuznaya Quay, Pratique Harbor (wharf Ref. 12)
(arrow). Naval Harbor in foreground, Marti Shipyard in back-
ground.
ONI 1237428
Sectional sketch showing type of construc-
tion of Apbuznaya Quay. Not to scale.
-53-
SECRET
April 1955
FIGURE 23
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04 ? CIA RDP81 01043R0025000AnnnR_R
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Details of Wharf
Ref. on Port Plan
Androsovski Mole
Type and Construction
General cargo, fitting-out and
naval activities.
Stone masonry pier consisting of
masonry walls retaining solid
fill; cobblestone surfacing_
Looking N toward Androsovski Mole (wharf Ref. 13) in background
(arrows).
ONI 1237429
April 1955
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depth alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
1,150
1,150
11
Open.
10 lighters.
None.
n a
Rail lines on pier.
Truck access.
Available.
Minor dredging along this pier
would permit its use by coastwise
vessels and probably result in
increasing the unloading capacity
by 200 T/day.
Remarks
Sectional sketch showing type of con-
struction of Ref. 13. Not to scale.
FIGURE 24
SECRET
-55- TABLE II
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
General cargo and naval activities.
Stone masonry pier consisting of
masonry walls retaining solid
fill; cobblestone surfacing.
This forms the T-head of
Androsovski Mole.
Looking W toward Potapovski Mole
(wharf Ref. 14) in background.
Photo shows only southern portion
of the mole. (arrows)
Minor dredging along this pier
would permit its use by coastwise
vessels of deeper draft and proba-
bly result in increasing the un-
loading capacity by 200 T/day.
Sectional sketch showing type of construc-
tion of Potapovski Mole. Not to scale.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50 -Yr 2014/03/04 ? C
-0
R. & H. Bd.
ss,s
?
41
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
U NCLASSIFIED
?
Odessa, USSR
Approximate Scale in Feet
500 0 1000 2000
Looking N toward the port
(wharf Ref. 15) (arrow).
photo has since been repa
German Aerial
FIGURE 26
ra/frit..-
of Odessa, showing Androsovski Mole,
Most of the war damage shown in the
ired.
Pg4nyil
4
Afaire',04*,0
4. 4h ?
/. ,i?
4*(40.1
???VA,,
7Ef so 0.0904460:411010. ?1.4,117.Kgrir4illbNi0".. e?-?
tir".40,ferfalP/414.4e:a14.5.
4104,M,iiito*A-ez:-.V.,.?"VaktirwriA
dr' ?1?41e4.4,,...
Sectional sketch showing type of construction
of Androsovski Mole. Not to scale.
-58-
UNCLASSIFIED
May 1944
Is
?
.111?????????????
R. & H. Rd:
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
Details of Wharf
?
?
?
?
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depth alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
15 NW Side of Androsovski Mole.
General cargo and ship repair.
Solid-fill pier with sloping banks.
Unlimited.
6
800
800
15
75
4 Class D.
None.
None.
Track 150 ft. from face of quay.
Truck access.
Available.
Potentialities for Expansion None.
Remarks
? ? ?
-59-
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
TABLE II
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. Si H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Wharves (Piers, Quays, etc.)-Continued
Odessa, USSR
?
?
Details of Wharf
Petroleum Pier
Ref. on Port Plan
Use
Type and Construction
Load Capacity of Deck
Height of Deck above Water
(feet)
Dimensions (feet):
Length overall
Usable berthing space
Depth alongside
Width of apron
Berthing Capacity
Transit Sheds
Handling Facilities
Railroad Facilities
Road Clearance
Water and Electricity
Potentialities for Expansion
Remarks
TABLE II
16
Petroleum handling.
Pier of open piling. Part of the
deck is reinforced concrete, and
the balance is timber.
n a
6
2,200
1,900
17
60 to 100
9 T-D tankers.
None.
None. (See Remarks.).
1 track dead ends at head of pier.
Truck access.
Available.
None.
There are 10 oil lines on this pier,
6 of vhich are 12 in. and the re-
maining 4 are 8 in. These linen
lead underground to storage tanks
a short distance W of the foot of
the pier. (Figure 45)
-60-
CONFIDENTIAL
11
1
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking N showing Petroleum Piers (wharfRef. 16). Part of the pier
has concrete decking, and the balance is timber decked. Note
petroleum pipelines and valves.
CIA 174121
A
rer
WI
i
i
01
.z
. ...$
et 4..."Z.
4. ....:
..
, ..,,... \.?
? ; '
,.:....
lik
:..........s..,??.?......:.
I
t
.
? N..
"4' .4
......4'.
Sectional sketch showing type of construction
of the Petroleum Pier. Not to scale.
SECRET
April 1955
FIGURE 27
PAGE 61
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Odessa normally used in the handling
electric traveling portal jib cranes
to 15 tons. The specific locations
View of traveling
shearlegs derrick
ONI 1104293
(wharf Ref. 9). Note
Looking E toward wharf Ref. 3, on Quarantine Mole (background) showing
.grain handling equipment on the mole. One of a number of floating
grain spouts at the port may be seen in the upper left hand corner of
+N. rshrs+n
0
At the southeastern tip of New Mole Pier (wharf
there is a shearlegs derrick of about 20-ton capacity.
In 1955 the following floating cranes were located
at Odessa: 1 of 150 tons; 1 of 50 tons, self-propelled; 1 of 20
tons; and one 2-ton crane mounted on a 400-ton, self-propelled
lighter. In addition, there was 1 self-propelled, floating
shearlegs, capacity unknown. (Figure 28)
View of self-1
ONI 1104281
A floating shearlegs used in the repair
basin may be seen extending above the
n+ t e center of the photo.
July 1952
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. & H. Bd.
Wharf Ref.
and Name
CONFIDENTIAL
1 Quarantine Mole
(These cranes serve
Refs. 1 and 2)
6 Bakalanya Quay
7 Platonovski Mole
8 New Harbor Quay
9 New Mole Pier
(Coal Quay)
10 Cabotage Harbor
Quay
11 Military Mole
TABLE III
Cranes Ashore
? ?
Number Type and Power
2
7
4
4
5
2
2
Odessa, USSR
Electric traveling
portal jib.
-64-
CONFIDENTIAL
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Capacity
(tons)
7
7
7
7
7 to 10
15
10
7 to 10
CONFIDENTIAL
R. &H. Bd.
,b. Specialized handling equipment
There are 2 multiple-spouted overhead grain convey-
ors located on Quarantine Mole at wharves Refs. 1 and 3. There are
also 1 or more floating grain spouts at this mole. Much of the
grain arriving in lighters at Odessa does not require storage or
movement ashore, since it is transshipped directly into export
ships 'without touching land. Information is not available as to
the capacity of these grain handling devices.
The grain silos at wharves Refs. 1 and 3 are equipped
with semiportal control towers for the pressure and vacuum
tubes. There are 3 such towers at each wharf reference, each
equipped with 4 flexible grain tubes. The bottom part of the
equipment is formed by a joined and braced double gantry; the
legs nearest the quayside are equipped with wheels running on
crane-type rails. The inner wheels are located at the inner end
of the gantry and run on a buttress which extends the length of
the silo building, about 20 feet from the ground. On top of the
double gantry is the control cabin and housing for the grain
tubes. (Figures 29 and 30)
5. Port maintenance and engineer equipment afloat
a. Tugs
In 1955 there were 7 harbor tugs located at the port
Odessa, ussn
as follows:
Tugs
2
1
2
Horsepower
2,000 each
500
250 each
2 n a
In addition to the above, there were 5 smaller tugs;
information on horsepower is not available.
-65-
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
ert
SECRET
.1
R. & it. Bd.
b. Dredges
One bucket dredge and 1 suction dredge are located at
Odessa together with 2 or more self-?ropelled hopper barges.
(Figure 31, upper photo) In 1956 there were 10 or more dumb
barges used for various purposes at the port.
c. Piledrivers
There are 2 and _possibly 3 piledrivers at Odessa.
Their types an capacities are not available. (Figure 31, lower
photo)
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
d. Block handling cranes
No information is available regarding block fandling
cranes at .ie port. Work on the breaAwaters is accomplished with
the use of the floating cranes.
e. Salvage equipment
One large salvage ship was working off the port in
October 1952 c earing away shipwrecks. No additional infor-ation
is available.
f. Fireboats
No information is available.
g. Icebreakers
Although it is known that icebreakers are used when
necessary, the number and size of such vessels located at Odessa
are not known. One icebreaker was located at the port in 1956.
6. Hards and unimproved sites usable for cargo landing
Flexible Grain
Tubes
Bogies
within the port
Between the shipyard piers and the Petroleum Pier there
is about 3,800 feet of rough, uneven shoreline with no landing
facilities. This area would not be suitable for cargo landing or
other amphibious operations in its present state.
-66-
CONFIDENTIAL
Sketch of grain handling device in use on Quarantine Mole
(wharf Ref. 1). Not to scale.
-67- FIGURE 29
SECRET
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. &H. 3d.
*a go
r.
eiO4,4;
r4.11
SECRET
1
Odessa, USSR
IA
0,..i.
...t.' .6,
71,rz..__t?.?.. ...., _.....,,,...,?,..,,.,,i_
1..._ .,......t. _ ??....,.__ ___.?.:,.
, ?.., 77:.:.._.z..._.,f,.........c.,,.:;::;w:;.stil7.,',&zrv?v_,.:_,_
,..
..
P"."' ? ,
' ..1,:,.... ? _ . ,. ,
Looking NE from the foot of Quarantine Mole, showing grain handling
nna 'f'clrnaP facilities (arrows) located on wharves Refs. 1 and 3.
September 1953
View looking eastward showing grain
on wharf Ref. 1, at left of photo.
ONI 1104310
FIGURE 30
-68-
handling
SECRET
and storage facilities
September 1951
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
?
Looking
Harbor.
NE showing bucket-type dredge at work in the Commercial
1947
View looking W showing floating piledriver in the Working
Harbor, near the northern extremity of the port. Note
petroleum storage tank, left center.
-69-
SECRET
50X1
'!3
50X1
April 1955 i
FIGURE 31
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24,4,1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
trh.
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking NE from near the foot of Quarantine Mole showing a portion
of the covered storage facilities in the port area. Note variety
of goods stored in the open.
September 1953
AW?
i?vm." ?
Mit574.
? V., ?4k -
ALkit'74
?
? ?!:?4,.) ?
-44373
- ,
'741A....-.? ?
.
:--Igi"*".11141Plilit-41.11111Lm?-
? ? caC
-
Looking N showing new warehouse
Cabotage Harbor Quay.
ONI 490565
FIGURE 32
constructed near
-70-
SECRET
the
foot
of
February 1951
CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd. Odessa, USSR
7. Storage facilities
a. General cargo warehouses
Prior to the German Occupation during World War II,
there were 67 buildings in the port area which provided combined
covered storage of over 817,000 sq.ft. Most of these structures
were damaged or demolished, and many have not been restored. It
is believed that the few structures suitable for covered storage
are used principally as transit sheds. In 1955 valuable cargo
and perishable goods lay on the quays exposed to the weather.
The older warehouses were known to be in poor condition.
(Figure 32)
b. Bulk warehouses other than grain and tank storage
No information is available.
C. Cold storage warehouses
One cold storage building is known to be located on
Military Mole (wharf Ref. 11). A second has been reported on
Cabotage Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 10). The storage capacities and
other details concerning these structures are not available.
d. Tank storage
About 0.5 mile west of the Petroleum Pier (wharf
Ref. 16) lies a petroleum tank storage area consisting of 5
groundlevel and 7 underground tanks with a pumphouse and other
structures. These tanks have pipeline connections with the
Petroleum Pier.
A second tank farm with 31 tanks is located about 1
mile due west of the Marti Shipyard. Information as to the
actual storage capacity of these farms or the types of products
stored is not available. Six 12- and four 8-inch underground
pipelines lead onto the Petroleum Pier. (Figures 33 and 34)
-71-
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. &H. Bd.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, US22.
e. Grain elevators
Two granaries located on Quarantine Mole at wharves
Refs. 1 and 3 have a combined storage capacity for about 477,600
bushels. (Figure 30)
The grain storage capacity of the area is augmented
by 2 additional elevators storing about 918,500 bushels. These
are located some 9 statute miles from Odessa.
f. Open storage
There are approximately 25 acres of space at various
locations in the port vicinity adjacent to the piers and quays.
Most of these open areas are accessible by rail, and all can be
served by truck. A large portion of open space near wharves
Refs. 6 to 10 is occupied a good part of the time by coal.
(Figures 35 and 36)
8. Clearance facilities
a. Rail
(1) Lines clearing port - Three principal rail
lines clear the port of Odessa. One partially double-track line
extends northward to Kiev, while a single-track line leads north-
eastward to Nikolayev and Kherson. Another rail line extends
northwestward to Razdel'naya from which lines extend farther
northwestward into USSR, and southwestward across the Rumanian
border. One additional rail line leads southwestward from Odessa
to Ovidiopol'. Ferry connections eventually extend this line
into Rumania. All lines are 5-foot gage.
(2) Rail facilities in port
(a) Waterfront and wharves - All quays and
piers at Odessa are served by 1 or more rail lines which connect
with the cross-country rail system. In most sections of the port
-72-
CONFIDENTIAL'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
I 7.
,3
50-Yr
Art
R. &H. Bd.
?
I
, I
4 ?'? (", .
fi
pirr
SECRET
J..
Odessa USSR
t ?
t 41Y6t. -
? '
r.1
500
Approximate Scale in Feet
moo
2000
Aerial view looking N toward Petroleum Pier and tank farm
area (arrow). War damage in this area has been repaired.
German Aerial May 1944
".1310.6,4$
I ? 04
.1111111C.
"J
Looking W from railroad showing por-
tion of petroleum tank farm, W of
the Petroleum Pier (wharf Ref. 16)
at Odessa.
2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R007snnrAnnnA_R
-73-
SECRET
March 1953
FIGURE 33
.?
tY)
0
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
SECRET
SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Looking N along New Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 8)
showing open area at the rear of the quay.
:
? ? " -`44k
Looking W toward oil storage tanks near foot of Petroleum
Pier (wharf Ref. 16).
April 1955
7, .
_ . . - :...._ ...?....,,sYroiriast-:10."-tr.ff, ''''--
t
5
.' 'Tit r':-.?-?,. '; ,,, ..., ...?--,- -,,,,,
...?,...,? ,
- ,. or,?
..z_ ..%) ***di ?;* iii
. ..... h.-- --,-.:. -, --:? -:-: v::t4:- . ,
. .....
, . ,,
*--" I,
..?
' "4"F"AMeri ?44
-
AL'
Looking NW along New Harbor Quay showing
utilization of space on quay for stacking of
packaged products.
1954 50X1
Looking N showing pipeline connections on Petroleum Pier. Pipelines
lead shoreward connecting with pumps and storage tanks.
April 1955
FIGURE 34
-75- FIGURE 35
SECRET
SECRET
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t'&
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SECRET
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa,
USSR
Tnnkincr NP
t(4?6211tf _4144 'N.A.
howing open storage area near
the foot of Quarantine Mole.
September 1953
?????
:
. ..P,...
. .., ' ...---- ?
. .. ?
.. lit ? .. , in
. . ? :4111;??? ????? .
. # .. ? I ? ? , , .. ,
4 .? ?? 11,
,
?
? *it
',LP. . , ? ?
a 71'''''? 0 ??
.1 ? . . S.
?? 4 ''''
?? -?1. ' i?..,': ... . : -,. :.? : I,' t i
cf"...i.).?-10.1,11;.? ..- 44. j.-.1.: vr__ . I...Li.' 11.....*_;:ntf?PI.:77,.4'.+.:\''Z'.:k;
i . ? . r 9 .01 Cr. 77 ...A..y.?,:1,1,.,,:,.....t4: ,
.;.1
Vt.:. ...t,::,,4 =-,7,`:: -4, .:.. CI :1'3. - . ?T; ..
i.4 . ,,,...... 4::?,,,,?-?1,,, jr...,..? ? . ?,,, " ? . ? ...1st Or'.1.11.29.,???? 1,???-aisr,3,,,,,,-.01
.????,- . :1..1,44 11 IC 41,1 - 41.41/ lat?C ? ? , , !NI ? r4 --
0:-Wit'177A--Z.'1,1,;;;vir," ? 4,:....rir......eriz. ..,....-, ? ?1,...?,..?.A,.. :' . -*,..,...t.y
G?a,., i .11.1.4=, ..
Looking E showing
stockpile coal.
ONI 1104315
FIGURE 36
open
storage
area adjacent
-76-
SECRET
to quays being used to
September 1951
CONFIDENTIAL
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
the tracks are imbedded flush with the street or decking. How-
ever, on some of the piers the tracks are raised above the deck
level. (Figure 37)
(b) Classification yards - Three principal
classification yards are located at Odessa. The largest is sit-
uated in the southern part of the city about 2.5 miles from the
port area. The trackage covers a distance of about 1 mile and
includes both single- and double-ended track. Since the repair
of war damage, the exact number or length of the tracks is not
known. The second rail classification yard is located about
0.5 mile west of the Petroleum Pier (wharf Ref. 16) at the north "
end of the harbor. This yard consists of 6 to 8 single-ended
sidings about 2,000 linear feet in average length.
A third yard is located at the western
side of the city approximately 2.5 miles from the port. This
yard consists of about 7 tracks, 5 of which are a mile or more in
length, and all except one are double ended.
In the immediate port area there are a
number of double-ended sidings paralleling the waterfront to the
rear of wharves Refs. 8 through 14. This yard is 2,300 feet
long and 8 tracks wide.
b. Roads
(1) Roads and highways clearing port - Three prin-
cipal and 3 secondary roads lead out of Odessa. One principal
road extends in a northeast direction to Nikolayev. Another ex-
tends west about 5 miles, from which 2 secondary roads lead north
and west through outlying towns. One eventually leads to
Tiraspol'. A third principal highway leads south to Derivasovka,
where it becomes a secondary road and continues southwest to
Ovidiopol'.
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:
51
Z,4,4
et.
trk
5
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- - - - ? _
R. Et H. Bd.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
One secondary road leads northward to Marinovka
and Yanovka. Another extends northwest to Razdelinaya and thence
northward. The third secondary road extends westward through
Belyayevka, Yasska, and Troitskoye.
All principal highways are hard-surface, all-
weather roads, 2 lanes or more in width. The secondary roads are
loose-surface or dirt roads passable in dry weather.
(2) Streets and roads in town and port area -
Streets and roadways serving the port area are paved, mostly with
cobblestone or stone block, and are of sufficient width (about 30
feet) to permit 2-way traffic. There are 4 exits from the port
up th9 grade to the city.
Most of the streets in the city are cobblestone
paved and in need of maintenance or repair. Many of the side
streets are partially unpaved, and sections of them are impassable
in rainy weather. These vary in width from about 16 to 20 feet.
The main streets are paved with asphalt and are well maintained.
These would probably afford ample clearance from the port through
the city. It is believed that there are no bridges or tunnels
involved in truck clearance from the port. (Figure 37)
C. Inland waterways
The port of Odessa is not located on the inland wa,
terway network of the USSR.
d. Pipelines
One 9-inch pipeline extends from Odessa southwestward
through Galapi, Rumania to P/oegti, Rumania, a distance of some
267 statute miles. Information is not available as to the pres-
ent condition of the petroleum processing plant at Odeasa which
was heavily damaged durinff World War II.
-78-
CONFIDENTIAL
lii
;
0
R. &H.
Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
.1
surrounding the port.
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looking N.
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CONFIDENTIAL
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August 1944
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F 1 (AIRE 38
SECRET
Odessa, USSR
-80-
SECRET
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showing stocks of coal available
(wharf Ref.
September 1951
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CONFIDENTIAL
R. & H. Bd.
9. Ship supplies
a. Fuel
(1) Petroleum products - Fuel oil is available at
the Petroleum Pier (wharf Ref. 16) and is supplied on the pier by
pipeline from the nearby tank farms. Fuel lighters are also
available.
Odessa, USSR
(2) Coal - Large stocks of coal for bunkering are
available in quantities ranging up to 20,000 tons. Coal is usu-
ally taken on at New Harbor Quay (wharf Ref. 8) or from New Mole
Pier litrharf Ref 9). (Figure 38)
b. Utilities
(1) Water - Water of good quality is available at
dockside.
(2) Electricity - Electricity is available along the
piers and quays. The alternating current at Odessa is 3-phase,
50-cycle, 217/380-volt.
10. Shipbuilding and repair
a. Summary
There are 2 shipyards at Odessa. The Marti Shipyard
at the Repair Basin is ranked fourth in the Black Sea area as a
producer of new construction, and ranked first as a r'ep4ir yard
for merchant vessels. The yard extends over an area of about 75
acres and has approximately 6,000 feet of water frontage.
A second and smaller yard is located at the foot of
Quarantine Mole (wharves Refs. 4 and 5). This yard has no dry-
docking facilities and is limited in its operations to above-
water ship repairs.
-81-
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;R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
b. Details of docking installations
At the Marti Shipyard, there are 2 traverse marine
railways in the southern section of the repair basin (wharf
Ref. 15). .Each measures approximately 240 by 150 feet, and con-
Odessa, USSR
sists or some 10 closely laid tracks sloping into the water with
a slope of about 10 to 1. The wincheS", located at the head of
the marine railway, are reported to have a combined capacity of
500 tons.
Four slipways, measuring approximately 300 by 50
feet each, are located in the northwestern part of the Repair
'Basin. These can be used for the construction of small ocean-
going shipti. Three flolting drydocks and possibly 4 are located
! in the Repair Basin. Details of the 3 confirmed drydocks are
listed in the following tabulation:
Location
Construction
Conditional
Length (ft.)
Width (ft.)
Maximum Depth
on Keel (ft.)
Cranes
No. 1
NW end of Repair
Basin.
Steel.
Operational.
400
80
No. 2
No. 3
NW end of Repair NW end of Repair
Basin. Basin.
Reinforced con- Steel,
crete.
Operational.
300
60
Operational.
200
50
20 ma 10
2 electric
jib. 1 electric n a
gantry.
Lifting 3,000 2,000 1,000
Capacity (tons)
The yard hoisting facilities consist of 3 shipyard-
type cranes of about 15 tons capacity each, in addition to loco-
motive and automotive
cranes in the basin.
cranes. There are 2 or more floating
-62-
CONFIDENTIAL
UNCLASSIFIED
R. & H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Sketch
adjoini
from observation showing
ng the Marti Shipyard
location of shops
Not to scale. See
UNCLASSIFIED
buildings
ac
, etc.
companying text.
FIGURE 39
PAGE 83
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CONFIDENTIAL
-/
Odessa, USSR
b. Details of docking installations
At the Marti Shipyard, there are 2 traverse marine
'railways in the southern section of the repair basin (wharf
'Ref. 15). Each measures approximately 240 by 150 feet, and con-
sists of some 10 closely laid tracks sloping into the water with
a slope of about 10 to 1. The winches, located at the head of
the marine railway, are reported to have a combined capacity of
500 tons.
Four slipways, measuring approximately 300 by 50
feet each, are located in the northwestern part of the Repair
Basin. These can be used for the construction of small ocean-
going ships. Three floating drydocks and possibly 4 are located
in the Repair Basin. Details of the 3 confirmed drydocks are
listed in the following tabulation:
No.. 1 No. 2 No. 3
R. & H. Bd.
Location NW end of Repair NW end of Repair NW end of Repair
Basin. Basin. Basin.
Construction Steel. Reinforced con- Steel.
crete.
Conditional Operational. Operational. Operational.
Length (ft.) 400 300 200
Width (ft.) 80 60 50
2 electric jib. 1 electric n a
gantry.
Lifting 3,000 2,000 1,000
capacity (tons)
The yard hoisting facilities consist of 3 shipyard-
type cranes of about 15 tons capacity each, in addition to loco-
motive and automotive cranes. There are 2 or more floating
cranes in the basin.
FIGURE 40
PAGE 84
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CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
Odessa, USSR
Identification of Numerals on Sketch of Marti Shipyard (Figure 39)
Upper Left - Panoramic view looking NW toward the Marti Ship-
yard. Left Center - Looking N showing vessel under construc-
tion on one of the transverse railways. Lower Left - Another
view of vessels under construction on transverse shipways.
Photo above - Looking S at vessel under repair in the largest
of the floating drydocks at Odessa.
1. Hull assembly hall. Three buildings 75 by 30 by 12 of rein-
forced concrete.
2. Central electric power station. Single story 196 by 65 ft.,
3 turbines.
3. Welding shop. Single-story stone structure about 65 by 26
by 19 ft.
4. Machine shop with extension. Single story, brick construc-
tion, sheet metal and concrete roof. Approximate dimen-
sions - 164 by 65 by 49 ft. The extension is about 65 by 32
ft. Contained about 30 lathes (2 capable of turning drive
shafts up to 50 ft, in length), 4 or 5 milling machines', and
5 drill presses.
5. Ship repair or fitting-out pier with crane. The pier was ,
about 196 by 59 ft. and of concrete construction. A Wash-
ington-type crane, with a capacity for about 10 tons, ran
on tracks the full length of the pier and about 500 ft; on
each side of the pier.
6. Old German drydock. This was about 130 by 65 ft. horizolt-
tally, and about 26 to 30 ft. high. It was not in operation
tin 1951.
7. Self-propelled floating drydock of concrete construction.
8. Stationary floating drydock of steel construction. A crane
was mounted on each corner with capacities for about 7 tons
each. The floating cranes were used in connection with this
dock.
9. One-story assembly hall measuring about 196 by 42 by 39 ft.,
and constructed of iron with concrete roof. This building
contained one large crane and assembly benches. Small parts
were assembled here in preparation for final assembly.
10. Mechanical and blacksmith shops. This building was of the
same dimensions and construction as 9. The mechanical shop
contained an overhead 10-ton crane (American or German), 14
Russian, hand-operated cranes, and 2 Russian circular cranes
which were stationary and hand operated. The blacksmith
shop contained 4 large furnaces, 6 or 7 small hearths, and
4 pneumatic hammers.
11. Parts manufacturing stop. This was of the same dimensions
and construction and adjoined 9 and 10. It contained about
28 stationary -cranes of 1.5-ton capacity each, one electric
trolley crane of unknown capacity, and an overhead crane
with about a 5-ton capacity. There was one 500-ton and two
3-ton metal cutters; also, a plate roller, numerous pneumatic
hammers, and / American welding machine capable of making 6
simultaneous welding operations.
CONFIDENTIAL
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!I
R. & H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
12. Yard administration, kitchen, and clubrooc!. Pmildin,.; 230 by
230 by 3'..; ft. Two bLoties, brick construction, with iron and
concrete roof. A sheet iron chimney about 65 ft. high was on
the U side.
13. Warehouse, about 440 by 39 by 20 ft., 1 story, brie:: construc-
tion, with tile roof. Paint, tools, etc., were stored here.
14. Blacksmith shop. About 278 by 98 by 59 ft. one story, brick
construction, iron and concrete roof. Contained 2 overhead
electric 5-ton cranes. One 3-ton electric traveling crane
was on the outside of the W side of the building. On the
roof were 4 or 5 sheet metal chimneys about 65 ft. high.
15. Boilerhouse. About 125 by 125 ft., under construction in
May 1949. It was to be used as a heating unit for the area.
16. Mechanical workshop. L-shaped, 1 story, brick building.
Contained welding apparatus, 4 to 6 lathes, 1 milling ma-
chine, and 2 or 3 drill presses, all new.
17. New iron foundry. About 262 by 118 by 26 ft., 1 story,
brick with concrete roof. This building was begun in 1947
and was not in operation in 1949. There were 10 to 12 new
furnaces, 3 or 5 with a capacity for 8 tons, and the others
about 3 or 5 tons each. Tracks had been installed for 2
cranes, 1 to have a capacity for about 35 tons; the other was
smaller. These cranes were not installed in May 1949.
18. Iron foundry. About 196 by 98 by 19 ft., 1 story, brick
construction, with brick and tar paper roof, with 2 chimneys
about 9 to 13 ft. high on the S side. The foundry contained
numerous old furnaces and 1 overhead crane with a 5-ton ca-
pacity. Seamless chains were manufactured here.
19. Iron crusher. This consists of a tower about 26 ft. square
and about 66 ft. high; it was used to break scrap iron.
20. Bronze and brass foundry. About 196 by 98 by 26 ft., 1
story construction of brick with iron and concrete roof with
3 chimneys about 13 ft. high. This contained 3 Russia.1-made
furnaces and 1 overhead, traveling crane of about 3-ton
capacity.
21. Mechanical shop. About 196 by 98 by 26 ft., 1 story, brick
construction with brick and tar paper roof. Contained 14
lathes and an American boring and turning machine, 3 or 4
milling machines, and a large planer.
22. Tool and instrument manufacturing shop. About 196 by 98 by
26 ft., 1 story, of brick construction with wood and tar
paper roof. This contained 2 or 3 lathes, 2 or 3 capstan
lathes and 2 annealing furnaces.
23. New shop about 98 by 49 by 19 ft., 1 story, brick construc-
tion, tile roof.
24. Kitchen, mess hall, and bakery. This building was about 131
by 65 by 13 ft., brick construction.
CQNFib'ENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
25. POW billets. About 131 by 39 by 49 ft., 3 stories.
26. Penal camp. About 131 by 39 by 49 ft., 3 stories. A fence
separated the penal camp from the rest of the area.
27. Bombed out building.
28. Carpenter and pattern shop. About 32 by 16 by 16 ft., 1
story, brick construction, with brick and tar paper roof.
Contained 2 wood lathes, 2 planers and 3 band saws.
29. Lathe department. About 98 by 32 by 16 ft., 1 story, brick
construction, with brick and tar paper roof. Contained
about 20 new lathes and 2 large drill presses.
30. Carpenter shop. About 49 by 16 ft., 1 story.
31. Lathe shop. About 131 by 49 ft., 1 story. Contained 1
large planer, 3 milling machines, 2 Schepping planers, 1
automatic drill press, 2 regular drill presses, 2 lathes
about 26 ft. long, and 5 or 6 other lathes.
32. Carpenter shop, 39 by 39 ft., 1 story.
33. Iron foundry. About 200 by 59 ft., 1 story. Contained 2
furnaces and 1 overhead crane of about 3-ton capacity. This
foundry was to be dismantled.
34. Blacksmith shop. About 200 by 59 ft., 1 story. Contained
one 3-ton electric hammer and 6 hearths.
35. Shipyard maintenance shop. About 200 by 59 ft., 1 story.
Contained 6 welding sets, 4 of which were the 6-outlet type.
36. Electrode and carbide manufacture. About 49 by 26 ft., 1
story. Contained 1 wire cutter and 1 electric oven for mak-
ing carbide; 220 to 440 lb. of carbide could be produced in
8 hrs. for use in the yard. Additional quantities needed
were brought in from Rumania.
37. Garage. Two stories.
38. Electric repair shop. About 59 by 52 by 16 ft., 1 story,
used for repair work around the yard. Contained 2 small pre-
cision lathes, a drying room for rebuilt electric motors
after having been dipped in insulation lacquer, several
drills, and an insulation winder.
39. Auto repair shop. About 134 by 32 ft., 1 story.
40. Used oil shop. About 19 by 13 ft. Contained 3 filters
through which oil used in vehicles and machinery was filtered
and reused.
41. Machine shop. About 131 by 49 ft., 1 story. Contained 4
lathes, 1 planer, 1 automatic drill press, and a locksmith.
42. Transformer house. About 65 by 49 ft.
CONFIlliNTIAL
s??
ale
!,1
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R. &H. Bd.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
CONFIDENTIAL
43-44 Old flour mill (abandoned).
45. Church.
46. Living quarters.
47-52 Large flour mill.
53-57 Odessa gas works.
58. Workshop for the drydocks.
59. Freight transportation office.
60. Living quarters.
61. Garage.
62. New building, use unknown.
63. Main gate and guardhouse.
64. Use unknown.
?
-88-
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
R. &H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
This yard, altrnugh chiefly a repair yard, has been
producing river barges up to 150 gross tons size. In 1948 it
was producing 40-to: t steel river barges a/ the rate of 3 or 4 per
month. In 1949 the monthly rate was increased to 20 barges per
month, and two 150-ton barges were built that year. Several have
been built since, bu the exact number is no/ available.
The shipyard is served by a large numher of well-
equipped shops, it:cludi g plate s!-ops, forges, foundries, machine,
assembly, blacksmith, sheet metal, ele7lrica1, carpenter, lock-
smith, and auto repair shops. Most of these are equipped with
American and captured Germazi
Electric power for the shipyard is supplied by 3
steam turbines ad coal-fired boilers, Alter:ating current is
distributed throughout the yard at 2.i0 volrs for lighting and 380
volts for power. Three diesel raLlroad ge)erators are s4-ationed
in the shipyard ald are used as a7. auxiliary source of power.
Also, the system is connected to ,-he muoicipal power statiol in
Odessa. In addition, mal._y of 1!,e shops a:ocl industries have their
own plants to augment tl.e power from i!e st:ipvard plants.
Stean is provided 'o operate e forge hamAers and
to heat the main sLipyard Cowpressed air is provided
by underground pipe frost a tt,ilding osing 4 compressors. Oxy-
gen, mainly used for welding is bot--led in a plant near the west
wall of the shipyard. (Figt.res 39 ad 40,
11. Planned deve1opme7:_r ad inirovewents
No details are available as to pla=ed development or
improvements at the por.f. Most of rhe war dalrage to /:he piers
and quays has bee: repaired. 1.7:definie reports have i:/dioated
an intention to expaTid ha:dliLg faciljties by improving
CONFIMITIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
?
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04 TCI-A-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
151''
),1
R. &L Bd.
CM44FitriFNTItAtt,,
Odessa, USSR
the area between the shipyard and the Petroleum Pier. Present
information does not indicate that such Improvements have been
bade.
12. Potentialities for expansiot
a. Summary
The port's military discharge capacity an be in-
creased about 3,800 long tons per 20-hear day or 20 percent, of
which 1,300 tons can be accomplished wider Phase I, and 2,5C0
tons under Phase III.
b. Phase t Suggestee repars to existing facilities
Under this phaee repairs along the northwest side of
Military Mole (wharf Ref. 11) could provide about 1,300 4di-0.?nel
feet of usable berthing spece. This would ievolve the recon-
struction of the pier wall and the remaval of the stelae blocks mow
forming an embankment. Minor dredging also might be required
along this section of the peer, In addition, mik3or dredging
should be performed alone the are of Cabotage Rcirbor Quay (Weer./
Ref. 10), Apbuznaya Quay (Ref. 12), end Aadreeovski Mole (Ref. 13),
in order to provide a minimum depth of 18 feet for the entire
length of these etructures, a distaece of some 3,375 feet. is
latter dredging along the quay laces would not in itself increase
the discharge capacity appreciebly. However, it reeeld provide
oonsiderably more alongside berthing for deeper draft, oeeeagoing
vessels.
c. Pbume II - Suggested major inprevememte, additiona,
amd extensions to existing facilities
Owing to the layout of the exiating piers and quays
at Odessa, additions or extensiente thereto would be impractical.
However, the construction of transit sbedm on the piers and quays,
and additional warehouses within tice proximity of the port are
-90-
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:
?
N
N
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R. &H.
Bd.
1?11.,, ?
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
PETROLEUM
HARBOR
REPAIR
BASIN
PRATIOUE
HARBOR
CABOTAGE
HARBOR
NEW HARBOR
QUARANTINE
HARBOR
BIB PHASE I
PHASE III
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
0 1000
Plan of the Port of Odessa showing the location of phased poten-
tialities for expansion.
CONFIDENTIAL
FIGURE 41
PAGE 91
iF
1,1
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
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R. & H. Bd.
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Looking W at snoreline in Odessa
by dredffine and the construction
Harbor N of the Marti Shipyard.
of piers and wharves.
Mr?INITIRIEW=vs_
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Odessa, USSR
ak1.1174Z1rt,?.142.-
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This section of the port has potential expansion possibilities
?
af
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View looking westward showing the shoreline S of the Petroleum Pier (wharf ReE. 16).
water area inshore which would have to be cleared by dredging if berthing facilities
at this location.
?.?
Note foul
were provided
April 1955
Looking NW toward the shoreline
lack of offshore protection, it
lnration
FIGURE 42
PAGE 92
_
'11.1111519 Entc
ts -
141:
from the Petroleum Pier.
is considered impractical
Due to congestion in the shore area and
to construct berthing facilities at this
April 1955
SECRET
under Phase III,
April 1955
Approximate Scale in Feet
500 0 1000 2000
Aerial
line S
damage
German
view showing unimproved snore-
of the Petroleum Pier. War
shown here has been repaired.
Aerial August 1944
-mg;;N .1111
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
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Odessa, USSR
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. -.----:.. ..('" .f.....* +
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a of the port has potential expansion possibilities under Phase III,
E. 16). Note foul
ilities were provided
April 1955
a the shore area and
ag facilities at this
April 1955
April 1955
Approximate Scale in Feet
500 0 1000 2000
Aerial
line S
damage
German
view showing unimproved
of the Petroleum Pier. War
shown here has been repaired.
Aerial August 1944
snore-
?
CONFIDENTIAL
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
badly needed. At present, covered storage is seriously short and
perishable cargo is subject to weather damage.
d. Phase III - Suggested locations of new piers or
wharves
Between the shipyard and the Petroleum Pier (wharf
Ref. 16), the unimproved shoreline is fringed by shoal water
ranging in depth from 2 to 67 feet. By constructing permanent-
type quays along the shore for a distance of some 2,000 feet, and
2 or more offshore wharves 500 feet or more in length, with the
necessary dredging, about 2,500 feet of usable berthing space
could be provided under this phase. This would involve a major
dredging operation in order to provide a minimum depth of 12 to
15 feet over the area. It should be noted that this location is
the only unimproved site within the confines of the present port
limits.
To attempt to extend the port to the north beyond
the Petroleum Pier would be economically unsound owing to the
more extensive dredging necessary and the lack of offshore pro-
tection.
The area south of the Petroleum Pier has access
roads and rail lines nearby and clearance would not be a problem.
(Figures 41 and 42)
13. Construction data.
a. Availability of construction materials
Odessa is located in a nonforested zone; the climate
is unsuitable for the growth of forests. The few trees in the
area grow only along streams and are of the fast-growing broad-
leaf type furnishing poor quality timber.
Both sand and gravel deposits are abundant in the
vicinity of Odessa, and magywere worked for construction
CONFIUNTIAL
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a
;Er
R. &H. Bd.
CONFIDENTIAL
Odessn, USSR
materials prior to 1935. Sand and gravel also can be found
along most stream beds.
From quarries located slightly to the west of
Odessa, limestone? dolmite, and marble were obtained up to 1935.
These are readily accessible and in good quality for construction
work.
b. Weather end climentic factors affecting construction
Odessa has a mean air temperature of 50?F., a maxi-
mum of 95?F., end a minimum of minus 19?F. The mean relative
humidity is 75 percent, The average annual
rainfall totals 15.24
inches falling on 91 days. North wind prevail in the area
occurring on 59 days of the year, 'pith fog occurring on 45 days.
Occasionally, fogs last several days.
The spring range of tides is 0.4 foot and the neap
range is 0.1 toot. Atmospheric pressure and winds may cause
variations in the water level of as much as 4.0 feet.
Ice conditions vary with the severity of the winter,
. but ice usually occurs from December to March.
Wave force at Odessa reaches about 52 tons per
square foot.
c. Labor and craftsmen factors
In 1955, labor was reported as being in short sup-
ply at Odessa and not efficient. Fully 60 percent of the dodk-
vorkers were women; the
elation is not avai/able
d. Foundation
The Odessa
labor pool vas estimated at 5,000. Infer-
regarding craftsmen factors.
conditions
area ia overlain by tertiary and quater-
nary glacial till and loam. Under these deposits, limestone beds
overlie sandstone vith limestone lenses. The base complex of
granite rocks is found at a depth of approximatuly 300 feet.
-94-
CONFIDE-MAL
CONFIDENTIAL
R. &H. Bd.
Odessa, USSR
Bottom sediments consist chiefly of mud with a layer of sand
along the shore. The following clearly portrays these subsurface
conditions.
1
Approx. Scale
(feet)
400
? 800
i 1-7-T, r_p ea level
??? ? ?? ? ?? ? F / 200
?7
.?I ? ? ? . ;SIP7T"
tis 11\
4-4 1%:L?,
=VA".?13?;;;;(iii;kt-
eeceeee
F-771
WEI
400
? , 600
)1"), ii(*)) ? ?; Nc.)( 800
e-4emr, >c)(- N1000
Isit ? 41:1 ciA )1 "; ::\< > ,( ))41S71* tea y 1 2 ?
T,
Legend
Geology
Sandstone
Limestone
Granite
e. Water supply.
Odessa lies in a semiarid region of perennial
streams which are as much as 20 miles apart. The majority of the
streams are dry in August and September. Fair to excellent
water-bearing sands and gravels are present in the area. The
water commonly is hard and saline, but otherwise of good chemical
quality.
The main pumping station lies 2 miles southwest of
Quarantine Mole (wharves Refs. 1 through 4). It consists of a
landscaped area with 10 buildings and 5 covered reservoirs. The
total reservoir area covers 206,750 sq.ft. and consists of 1
building 460 by 260 ft., one 205 by 150 ft., one 180 by 120 ft.,
and two 145 by 120 ft.
A second pumping station is located about 0.5 mile
west of the Petroleum Pier (wharf Ref. 16). Prior to World War II
water was pumped into Odessa from a reservoir located on the
CONFlifiNTIAL
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?1
!Er
R. & H. Bd. CONFIDENTIAL
Odessa, USS3
western shore of White Lake (Ozero Beloye), about 25 lailes vest
of the city. Severe 'war damage to the 'water supply system neces-
sitated the development of supplemental sources.
In 1951 potable water from a filtration plant on the
Dniester River at Belyayevka, 24 miles vest, was piped to the
port area. This water was suitable for boilers, but occasionally
the salinity ran as high as 16 grains.
Although it is not known whether all. wardawa'ge to
the water system has been repaired, recent reports state that
potable water under low pressure is available at all berths.
f. Electric power
The principal source of electricity at Odessa is a
40,000-kilowatt-capacity thermal plant located about 2,000 feet
northwest of the foot of the Petroleum Pier. This plant produces
alternating current at 3-phase, 217/380-volt. It is supplemented
by smaller thermal plants in the city. In addition many of the
factories, as well as the Marti Shipyard, have their own electric
plants. Although there are occasional current failures at Odessa,
it is believed that sufficient current for construction purposes
is available. (Figure 43)
4
The generator which supplies power for the cranes at
the port is located at the rear of Bakalanya Quay ('wharf Ref. 6).
g. Coal
Stocks of 15,000 to 20,000 tons of coal are normally
available at the port for bunkering purposes. Although informa-
tion as to the quality of this fuel is not available, much of it
should be usable for construction purposes.
-96-
CONFIDENTIAL
t
R. &H. Bd.
SECRET
Odessa, USSR
View of thermal electric plant at Odessa, looking W. The
output of this plant is supplemented by those of smaller
plants in the port area.
A
1
April 19550X1
-97- FIGURE 43
SECRET
A2.1)
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Oi
CONFIDENTIAL
R. 8c'H; Bd. Odessa, USSR
14. Points of vulnerability in the port area
The points of vulnerability are listed below and are
shown on Figure 44:
(1) The 2 main harbor entrances between the break-
waters. The closing of these entrances would effectively close
the port to all oceangoing traffic.
(2) The Marti Shipyard located near the center of
the i5Ort The destruction of this yard would eliinfnate the
largest ship repair yard in the area, and the fourth insize and
importance on the entire Black Sea.
(3) The petroleum storage tanks at the northern ex-
tremity of the port. The destruction of these tanks would materi-
ally reduce the storage capacity at Odessa.
(4) Rail classification yards. The destruction of
the 3 principal classification yards at Odessa would seriously
curtail rail clearance from this port.
(5) The power generating plants. The destruction
of the 2 principal power plants in the port area, which are
located a short distance inland from the Petroleum Pier *(wharf
Ref. 16), would hinder port operations even though some current
could be obtained from low capacity plants in the area.
15. Comments on principal sources
The information used in compiling this study was obtained
mainly from material located in the Washington area. Chart 4202
published by the U. S. Hydrographic Office was the principal
source of depths in the harbor area. Coverage by botp aerial and
ground photography is considered poor for the purpose of this
study, particularly in the northern part of the port area includ-
ing the Marti Shipyard.
CONFIEINTIAL
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? R. &H. Bd.
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CONFiDENTIAL
Odessa, USSR
In general, the available information is adequate for
broad briefing purposes, but is lacking in the detailed require-
ments of engineer intelligence. Construction details of wharves,
storage, and repair facilities are meager. Specific information
on the .degree of silting in the harbor and the amount and fre-
quency of maintenance dredging cannot be determined from available
data. The lack of up-to-date material makes it impossible to
4
(
state the present condition of many of the port facilities, and .
the estimated unloading military capacity of the port as indi-
cated herein may be slightly lower than that which can be handled
at the present time.
)?
-100-
CONFIDENTIAL
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4.110.111
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DEPARTMENT OF ARMY
. ? . ??? ? ^ 4-","
CONFIDENTIAL
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
t'-1tj
Ry, Stollon
cz7?
Z=I1
CABOTAGE
c HARBOR
NEW HARBOR
ODES 5' A BAY
0
czzz
POINTS OF VULNERABILITY. SEE TEXT FOR DESCRIPTION.
ANNIIN?
CONFIDENTIAL
PLAN SHOWING
POINTS OF VULNERABILITY
AT THE PORT OF
ODESSA, U.S.S.R.
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
0 1000
2030*
CONFIDENTIAL
FIGURE 44
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A-
M
R. & H. Bd.
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CONFIDENTIAL
SUMMARY OF PORT FACILITIES
Odessa, USSR
HARBOR AND ENTRANCES
ESTIMATED MILITARY PORT CAPACITY
CLEARANCE FACILITIES
PLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS
Harbor
The military unloading capacity is estimated
to range between 18,000 and 19,000 long tons/
20-hr. day. A phased study of the expansion
possibilities indicates that the capacity could
be increased about 3,800 tons,
Rail
--THree principal lines clear the port; 1,
partly double tracked, extends N to Kiev, then
single tracks NE to Nikolayev and Kherson;
another extends NW to Razdeenaya; the third
leads SW to Ovidiopol). Ferry connections ex-
tend this line into Rumania. All are 5-ft. gage
All quays and piers at the port are served by
1 or more rail lines which form a part of the
rail network. In most sections of the port the
tracks are set flush with the street or deck-
ing.
There are 3 principal classification yards at
Odessa. The largest is located about 2.5 miles
from the port area in the S part of Odessa.
The second yard is located about 0.5 mile W of
the Petroleum Pier at the N end of the harbor.
A third yard is in the W part of the city about
2.5 miles from the port.
Road
--Three principal and 3 secondary roads lead
out of Odessa. One principal road extends NE
to Nikolayev; 1 extends W about 5 miles and
branches into 2 secondary roads leading N and
W through outlying towns; and 1 extends S to
Deribasovka. One secondary road leads N to
Marinovka and Yanovka, 1 extends NW to
Razdel'naya; and 1 leads W through Belyayevka,
Yasska, and Troitskoye. The principal roads
are hard surface, all-weather roads, 2 lanes
or more in width. The secondary roads are
loose surface or dirt, passable in dry weather.
The streets and roads serving the port area are
cobblestone or stone block and are of suffi-
cient width to permit 2-way traffic. There are
4 exits from the port upgrade to the city. Al-
though most city streets are cobblestone, they
are generally in need of maintenance and repair
The main streets are paved with asphalt and are
well maintained. It is believed that ample
truck clearance is available from the port.
Inland waterways
Available information does not indicate any
specific plan for improving or expanding the
port. Within recent years efforts toward port
improvement have been limited to the repair of
war damage.
Odessa harbor is artificial and lies in the
SW part of Odessa Bay. It is protected by a
series of breakwaters. Approach to the port is
from the SE and E, through the Black Sea, into
Odessa Bay. Navigational dangers are plainly
marked,
Entrances
MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES
POTENTIALITIES FOR EXPANSION
There are 3 entrances to the port; 2 to the
main or S part of the harbor, and 1 to the Pe-
troleum Harbor. The S entrance is made between
Reidovi Mole and the SE end of a long, detached
breakwater. The width is about 1,050 ft. and
the controlling depth 31 ft
The second entrance is from the E, between the
N end of the detached breakwater and the S end
of a T-shaped breakwater lying to the N. There
is a width of 1,400 ft. at this entrance and a
controlling depth of 27 ft. The approach to
tbis entranct has been dredged to 30 ft. with a
least width of 400 ft.
The third entrance leads to the N end of the
port, Petroleum Harbor. The dredged channel
from the E leads to a point near the N end of
the detached breakwater. A NW channel leads
into Petroleum Harbor This dredged channel has
a controlling depth of 30 ft. for a width of
350 ft. Pilotage is compulsory.
Cranes ashore and afloat
The port's military discharge capacity can be
increased about 3,800 long tons per 20-hour day
or 20 percent, of which 1,300 tons can be accom-
plished under Phase L, and 2,500 tons under
Phase III.
Capacity
Number (tons) Type Power
30 7 to 15 Portal jib Electric
30 1.5 to 3 Crawler Diesel
1 20 Shearlegs derrick n a
1 150 Floating n a
1 50 do n a
1 20 do n a
1 2 do n a
1 n a Floating shearlegs n a
Specialized handling equipment
CONSTRUCTION DATA
Availability of construction materials
Sand and gravel tor construction work are
abundant in the area, as are limestone,
dolomite, and marble. Timber is scarce,
Weather and climatic factors affecting construc-
There are 2 multiple-spouted grain conveyors,
and 1 or more floating grain spouts on
Quarantine Mole.
tion
-TEe're is a mean air temperature of 50?F., a
maximum of 95?F., and a minimum of minus 190F.
Mean relative humidity is 75 percent. Rainfall
totals 15.24 inches annually, falling on 91 days.
North winds prevail, and fog occurs on 45 days.
Wave force reaches about 52 tons/sq.ft. at
Odessa. Tides are negligible.
Labor and craftsmen factors
ANCHORAGES
PORT MAINTENANCE AND ENGINEER EQUIPMENT AFLOAT
Unlimited anchorage is available 0.5 mile NE
of the head of Reidovi Mole in 35 to 45 ft. over
sand and mud, exposed to the E. Moorings for
3 or 4 Class A-type vessels are available from
buoys inside the detached breakwater
In 1955 there were 12 harbor tugs located at
the port ranging up to 2,000 hp. There are
also 1 bucket dredge, 1 suction dredge, 2 self-
propelled barges, and 10 or more dumb barges,
Two or 3 piledrivers are based at Odessa, and
an undetermined number of icebreakers. One
large salvage vessel was working off the port
in 1952.
In 1955 labor was in short supply, and fully
60 percent of the dockworkers were women. The
labor pool was estimated at 5,000.
Foundation conditions
Odessa is overlain by tertiary and quaternary
glacial till and loam. Under these deposits
limestone beds overlie sandstone. The base com-
plex of granite rocks is found at a depth of
about 600 ft. Bottom sediments consist chiefly
of mud with a layer of sand along the shore.
Water supply
HYDROGRAPHIC CONDITIONS AFFECTING NAVIGATION
Tides are negligible in the area. The spring
range is 0.4 ft., the mean range 0.2 ft., and
the neap range 0.1 ft Strong E winds have
raised the water level 2 ft. above normal, while
NE winds may lower it a like amount. Navigation
is maintained throughout the winter by the use
of icebreakers,
Odessa is not located on the inland waterway
network of the USSR.
Pipelines
HARDS AND UNIMPROVED SITES USABLE
FOR CARGO LANDING WITHIN THE PORT
One 9-inch pipeline extends SW through Galati,
Rumania to Ploesti, Rumania, a distance of about-
267 miles.
Limited quantities of water suitable for use
in construction work are believed to be avail-
able in the area,
Electric power
A stretch of rough, uneven shoreline about
3,800 ft. in length extends N from the shipyard
piers to the vicinity of the Petroleum Pier.
In its present state this area would not be
suitable for amphibious operations.
SHIP SUPPLIES
It is believed that sufficient alternating
current for construction purposes is available
at 3-phase, 50-cycle, 380-volt.
Coal
WHARVES
Fuel
--P-Htroleum
Stocks of 15,000 to 20,000 tons of coal are
normally available at the port for bunkering.
Although information as to the quality of this
coal is not available, it is believed that much
of it should be usable for construction work.
General Cargo
STORAGE FACILITIES
Fuel oil is available on the Petroleum Pier,
supplied by pipeline from the nearby tank farm,
Fuel lighters are also available,
Coal
Usable Depths
Berthing Space Alongside
(feet) (feet)
General cargo warehouses
These are inadequate in the port area. Avail-
able buildings are used mostly as transit sheds
Total capacity - n a.
Bulk warehouses other than grain and tank
available for bunkering. Coal is usually taken
on at New Harbor Quay, or New Mole Pier.
Utilities
POINTS OF VULNERABILITY
5,115 25 and over
6,815 18 to 25
4,890 12 to 18
1,525 5 to 12
The points of vulnerability are the 2 main
harbor entrances, Marti Shipyard, petroleum
storage tanks, rail classification yards, and
the power generating plants. The destruction of
these would seriously affect port operations.
storage
Water
--Water of good quality is available at dock-
side,
Electricity
No information is available.
Cold storage warehouses
18,34o
Petroleum
One cold storage building is located on Mili-
tary Mole, and a second has been reported on
Cabotage Harbor Quay. Capacities - n a.
Tank storage
Electricity is available along the piers
and quays. The alternating current is 3-phase,
50-cycle, 217/380 volts.
1,900 17
Grain
GENERAL REMARKS
43 tanks, some underground, are located within
1 mile radius of the port. Capacities and types
of products - n a.
Grain elevators
SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR
Located near the NW extremity of the Black Sea,
Odessa is the principal USSR port for this rich
agricultural area, including the Ukraine. It is
also a minor naval base. Exports include grain,
coal, ores, lumber, and processed iron as well
as trucks and other agricultural and industrial
consigned to satellite countries.
Imports include machinery, rubber, wool, cork,
crude petroleum, olive oil, sugar, seed oil, and
other foodstuffs. Extensive World War II damage
to port facilities has been repaired. The city,
adjoins the port on the W and S, is
located on high ground which slopes steeply to-
ward the waterfront. The estimated population
was 625,000 in January 1955.
600 21
Ship Repairs
There are 2 shipyards at Odessa. The larger,
the Marti Shipyard, is located at the repair
basin, extends about 75 acres, and has about
6,000 ft. of waterfront. A second smaller yard
is located at the foot of Quarantine Mole.machinery
i
This yard has no drydocking facilities, and s
limited to above-water ship repairs.
At the Marti Shipyard there are 2 traverse
marine railways, 4 slipways, and 3 or possibly
4 floating drydocks. The yard has its ownwhich
power plant, shipyard cranes, and other equip-
ment for the construction of small oceangoing
vessels and various types of river craft.
Two granaries on Quarantine Mole have a corn-
bined capacity for 477,600 bu. Two additional
elevators about 9 miles from Odessa store about
918,500 bu.
Open storage
450 17 to 25
Vessel Accommodation
About 25 acres in the port area accessible by
rail and road.
No. Class
10 A
11 B
14 C
19 D
13 Lighters
9 T-D tankers
Note - The lighters can service 1 Class A- and
2 Class B-type vessels moored in the harbor
CONFIDENTIAL
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TABLE IV
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DEPARTMENT OF ARMY
CONFIDENTIAL
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
LEGEND
WHARF REFERENCE
(IN TEXT)
EMI TRANSIT SHED
=1 COAL STORAGE
0 OR. TANK
F'OREIGN PORTS BRANCH
BOARD OF ENG NE:ERS
FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS
PORT FACILITIES AT
ODESSA, U.S.S.R.
PREPARED: APRIL 195 7
SOURCE: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS DATED AUGUST 1944 AND
GROUND PHOTOGRAPHS DATED APRIL 1935
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
CONFIDENTIAL
FIGURE 45 ?
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
R. &H. 13d.
Odessa, USSR
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60273734:5,13,41...0;.:31 72.)
?? 31 ai, i I'''''.3 :....i . 11 ... 21
20
/ t
,'? 29" *.: 3.1.,?601,2 33i4 '47
? .. 36 ; ++41 ... r 4.. NIIVIII
? ....
i 12
28 , . ? 324\ , i
?,... .20/ .!.. 1 s
1
iPlatanoviltt Lc 3z 9 I
If\i.
33
Quararthriallbr, .
?
Less 31 water reri32 2 14 ...1.?
1 iltinatinliiill Girraft1 ,
?
32 '' S ?--
1 . 32 32, s. 18...
' 11
'
27
27
29
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
36
36
+1.1 1-1
Kazanskaya
Church
Gas
F.
69 tvos.2
!le 321'
rP 22
PratiqBeHer
23 24
IPraktieheskaya Gay.I
2 20 22 24
922 24 20
28
34
35
35
35
37
39
Hontn2p
ODESSA HARBORS
From a Russian Government chart of 1931
Vorentsovski Light. Lat. 46429'46'N._ Lo ng. 30'45'39E.
Natural Seale 1.15.000
iNauticar Mae
Mster5
20 24
/
32
2
25 6
28
\27
6 '
3 3 1
100 0 500
414'
45,
460
30'
a'
29'
as.
H. 0. Chart 4202 (Inset) .
FIGURE 46
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/03/04: CIA-RDP81-01043R002500060006-8