AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MACHINE CONSTRUCTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 240
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 3, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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PAGE litiMIER.
1 ?
STATt
THE PRINCIPAL TASKS IN
WI
1; ?
pia
OF ABTOUTION OF THE CONTR
? ,
ii,Nb DRIVE OF MACK ES
of Soviet mechanical engineering haa
and progressive development
to automation of the technolv- - 1 processes of production machines a4d
extenaive use of electric drire hydrAulic drive automation and
Soviet .scientists and en lneer6.; 1..tt collabOration with4roduc.-
Y14 'aAors'i have during the pastfew yeart .,resa,ted many hew designs of?.electri-1
? 1.:41 ? .
highprOduction Machinesj.,11clu 7,Alg tachitee .With automatic elec,
and?electroflic operaton mew :types e.autpmatic maciline tool linezil
..tT aOomatic,plant?ir4 the
theory of electric drive and
..which - generalizes and guides practical activity td this field o
been developed in .the USSR0'
er
%A
Sej,,Ks--s
the success achieved, however the. are still serious shortcominv. in
gr;', development of drive and automatic operationc, For example
a-'.-aon of the scientjlic
?4 :AS' aderty:
quelitius
research work being performed -by various estall;ua-
' Scienoes of th,., USiRth
r,
branch scientific reseoch Insti-
versildes, and industrial: enterpTiseo in the sphere pf application
atc
acilities in -mechanical engineering ha7e not
been satisfadtb:_ilv
Condition leadv, to
duplica
ion of effo
.4., the work of scientific2nsti-
c-lutes non-productive
c,p4,:naiy.urp 04 - povernm n? fundso
. ,
,
In certaill
--tearch instlmtes and in individual ? industry, teohnical
t,h(
in'the field of drive and
1 4
:4 '....fitverie.
aatomatic, operation regardless of thez.
siezv''ificlro'remain.Lv.07,142- ar, .r.et utilized -in other
)
??
A.44w2?sato.uj,...., '
.c?
V 1, "an fl t ?" 4.4"cieifl
? .
?
cro
reeseareth.c.'wahi7gli-inns of the
? ? c,
Avademy
.nuently scatter their attention ow3r petty-, unimportant subjec
?.
Tj.th greaT,er success and in lefis
,
cnrile-1 ha
_ sa. too
acienific researc.J1
2.1 V
!
acciomp.L:e.saea
same time, o?
,n
diziectly?by the industrial enter-
?arr
oc,malon .,. 9- encmnters in the subi6ot 1;.4.
al] .
, ..- ,
3raTi.ch inbAitutes problemu vnIca
only
the scientific establishmento o
a. Sciences of the USSR are dompstent to solve,,
Lar there has been no.alear cut percrv
41b
tive plan of the development
. of
? ? ? 4.
? TRANSLATION
;'2.teOtrilliVATION,:$1.1PTIT
DISSEMATION: rNTL4
it
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? Wi "
"KrilLIGE:P"r:
. Phan UMBER
2
'STAT1'1,,
uestions of drive and automatic?operation in mechanical engineering, a plan pointing
kut,tha path whichlht..0ogressive'develap'ment'of automation of technological pro-
,
ioesses wit henceforth follow.:;,
A
Th4,? 'arty and the government devote an enormous amount of at to strength-1
ening t ties between Science and production Thus far however, a number of scien?
?
rse?arch organizations have not been bound closely enough to practical work.
?f a re3ILL many scientific research works in the field of drive and automatic opeT-
,
(,r).2,on?oa tthich large sums of money are spent prove unsuitable and useless at the
t ,???
sxIrst
;
.4gt to put them to practical use Such works are usually consigned to the
uh4:1e a large number of valuable proposals, theoretic:works ,i and scientific
d4.baoVeiel are hot, opted in production.. as a.resuIt. of underestimation .of their ?
by practical workers.
A sc.?. cous shortcoming in the matter of development of drive find automatic oper-
on lack of due attention on the part of the *electric industry to problem
o equion ng mechanical engineering with what it requires in the form' of electric
1maonine9, Tpecial typep of .machines electric equillment, control devices, and com-'
d
for automatic and remote eon rol,, The Ministry of the Electric Indusi
ref.18F)d aven t6 participate, in a conference, and the lectures on the pr64uetion
e1e4 equipment ?fpr mechanical engineering by the plants of this Ministryo
the organizational committee, have not been.givenp
.?x:):LI section of the ,conference on automation of the drive and control' of
frifhtle been prepared in order to maTk out the way towards elimination of the
0 'n011
a4
listed above and to formulate the principal tasks and directions of
Oovement and development ? of automatic drive ?and automatic control .system
1
a$..t6-tbA4o1 light on existing achivements
ilectron
this field of engineering?
of this section includes lectures embracing the following basic questiul
tloh of the 'drive and control of production machiness'.
proble6 of regulation of electric drive by the introduction of ion,
vv sequence of' itching on ourrept.in the systems of electric tracking
ixes, 1??plied to duplicating metal-cutting:machines;
7YT'oblems of drive automation and its prospects;
S basic ,tasks in the field of develoDment of automatic hydraulic drives
?:1.:?0!
'70P1V5
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11 G C.E. ?
MG.EN UMBER
. , .
problops Velated to cam drives for automatic machines and 1ineso
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ANA
MAN,FiLATION ?
eu.074ivr.imrf.ii,ue.r.pracxxvoktocetrumromarnmentersausintoopoweloiricesclararcsameito;i9;vr
P. V. MARKIN
IOPEUCTRON DRIVE OF METAL CUTTING MACHINE5
EltU -Tonics is playing an increasingly greater part in tha deve ormint of auto.
a'1.4,b,.&..o.f produotion proces8ei. it pve.41,0y0d.164podes. Of OxectiO4 4i0d14Q-
v
6
11,146iv.proseSi. Gootroi, regul,,atiokvand tarious,measureents$10btron011titiOes',p
.,... . .. . .
_ .,..
,..,:t;.p....bighly.. sensitive g . intity.k.e., that specified, operations 041. be part.ibtmetl' ,.
... : .
-? i,?
th . ep.:'it;,,?'6 a41:curaccy....
e.
11,30,ronio delricee in systems of automatic drive and airection of ,machine 6 are
.4 of cases thseconnecting link between the, directing miberi;
d the performing member (relay, switch, electric motors:e/ectra1*ignet9
'10ctr(lv:,TiatiocriupXing),, The use of electronic connections eliminates, the nede,si
eg'Hoying complicated methaniCal or other transmissions, reduces the amount
owitoklay equippent and insures continuity of direction. The elActronid devi
Ith:amsti-n: are simple in productions _since they are made up chiefly of finished
stamOlard -ria44Y ox4 massproduced..articles,
).aracteristica of electronics mentioned determine the extensive, possibili-
. ?
ts utilization for autoii-tion of, the-technological,processes of.machihinE
.Tvetals ,elation,,to any parameters;, course, speed time stress9 ?form, and:.dimen-
aions cr .'ihind parts'. Thus, for example .electronic devices gre successfully er.0-
automatic ireotion of the feed drive in duplicating machines automOi
.1?
ten , dimensions of an article in the pros. of its machining oh CircUlar.
." honing machines, etress control in deep drilling machines and in the
ectriJ 2:aft system in heavy screw-cutting laths, where the thread.cutting .opr
erformed without a,ri 'd kinematic,connection between the?spindle- and
3crew-c.L1 g
rest .0 wherekw acc?Araoy .of thread cutting and simplification of ?the
device. have been.employed on a large scale in automatic machine
lthese automatic 4ant bupl in the U$SR for the,product4on:of autoMobile
i)1)?el
upped. ,v14th_.a flumberpf..electronic 4svicesjor;variou&purp9ses
AK Habieiodrj.,vp4 whiAlcombined with a,high/p!serisitiVeAWOm of t1eQ4
,?
-1;r Lion,.carAperform various operations with .great accuracy Including autc-i
ofiaangc.
lizati.orA Of fized ,values .of atjustable parameters and their.s4utoma.tic
accordance with a, fixecl-rule occupies a pr.opinent position awigth var-
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;
r rkIrrftkO.A4 ?..fOilrOfilittaiWAO:igai,1=4,04..MOMMnalirirl.tiairritTneteXKIVI
EL.1,.10ENCIZ 1011 !,1 ?
ious electrOn,ila deviCet. .Suah asyitek'dd.rie makes It PoSsibte-t0:40000plish anY
-
,e
of the 44*ving gear,'Ancluciing automatic rapid 'Changl*i:ot
)
!a machine 18 running, moth change of speed or maintenanCe
proce 3
. machpApg 'a p,rto,
we ..14061;tti
?operation with the natural.meohanical charactsiisticis of an ion
of a machine in consequence of th?iriliffi
at rigic,ity0 A greater rigidity of the mechanical chara0erietics is achieved by
A
, self-staUlization which is accomplished through regenerative couplings by speed
r by volta a and current* elle poss011ity of changing speed within wide I sits (by
ac,J5EFun or continuous electronic direction of a drive. makes it possible to
btaint ost favorable character of the course of ?transitional processes on the
;--;clore a lAeir rapidity, smoahness? absence of abrupt dynamic shooks, etc. The con
siderat-x reduction of the number of gear transmissions, and occasionally even their i
litilimer,ion entirely, achireved through the use of. in
electric resaation in
iLlace a cGePwise ohanging.of speeds, promotes increase in ihe*-vibration stability. 1
o a m61b1ne, and Consequently also improvement of the quality of machining of partacl
solution of the problem of creating the most rational system of ait)6matr,
e1.ec3 drive the most tempting idea is that of creating an adjustable alternat,'
6
and mos..6-
with an ordinary asynchronous electric motor with a shark;
4
As we knowl this type of motor is the simplest, moat inexpensive,
liable machine in operation? However, repeated attempts to create such a 1
4
iot ended in positive results either in the USSR or abroad'o
TI/;1 :7,31-Ire systems proposed by various authors have probed very complicated or
:not sufnie tly perfected in their performance features? For this reason, the pro-
;T,G112
o ing an adjustable alternating current ion drive remains very presSing
present timev the basic form of adjustable drive is still the electric
direct current motor The methods of regulating the speed of such ansehr4
J5ric Tact: in an ion drive system may. be .Very diverse; , for example, by 'change .cf,thei
roit6,ge change o1 excitation flux or a combination of 'both in one .drivR?
h:;aoss :r.MCWR of ,employment of?electric ion drive, with rheostat regulation* .Fp.:17
fl one foreign upright milling Mchine9 the armature and exciting wind1nc3
!..1 7,..!C,P, MMVTI,a21.14.01...? 44:
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p ? g.t:.11,414 ,nrat5/811e/ 4?440,4-T4.t.: ?,441 e 4:'444!144,41,naex...grio7w.c.marrotenera*.tkuNGwomirmi.,221ftavaltitatiti#1421401?'1142.4.moiwonl
rui.i.-LiromsLaft011. ' ? ? ? ' *
. ,
of ..0.4 el otri.c motor of the *spindle drive' are fed through one .upioontI4o1 0?TATbn rec-
4
d ? .
Itifier,,and the motor speed is regulated by a rheostat in the armature d =FLTh
.primitivroess and shortcomings of such' a drive system are okrviousr
4.ertain foreign madhines relation.of the speed of revolution
ccomr he4.?4 Chdnej 'xn the Oagnittitht of anode' 'olta
of alT:10i.a6rit*011eatecti4
fi(br?ith:tfcd th 10i0 attla41,rerhis Othod. Of k4gultitioit,hatithe-4 ra*.p1P.?
poter
factor of 0,0,!.044'0Wye?dpivIlat cl-Ott as. Sh4r04 with rduaio
kjait doc in the case of regulation of-a.rOtified:Arel.t?70Thoevz
has4et1ousi.40:tcoMing8.9...*4ich?are.,determined ..16y2the:ni4St'ar. of
C
' ? ' ? . a -
ng cqn trcl of thedr1v in the power cirouitc, ? In?this:',.case it is nee9s&r th
-
c-amber.,Fg.,7pAT.L. equipment it: seri.ous., .dcifi...OUIties...aris.e n achieving itech.aniroal.tu
. ?
" 4'
4,7 D.v.,? and there.-loio-pot's..sijAlity-Af more f1exibl OTitzI6t the
bW;;2operating qualities ofan adjustable electric 4rive 40-aah
li,11 us
oOntr41ed ion ievices which feed '.the armature_qf the'41?C4prid ibt*
1,30 h'con' A:Led eiO4-11110,4#olled dido4arge-tube or'sble.niumiectifidrs 'ate eOldoyed I
Ja.thiv tk,1#.fiekt'em for feeding the.exaitintwindingaeptnding On.SOcif'd-?4qutn4
ptinc.44-di8a4vint4gea4ivadjustable.eleatric ion drivie**# grid 04tr.611
ot.-$(14b1.ta&:yfie00,n_O tlae-motor..:arplature.1 thes4trpAroi?I*i)00
4.tiVe:whenhe .thotor-40040e4ucedi
fact tJi. L'ecrease in the rectified voltage fed to the, armature of .a motor
a 4 eve4 1,1 *64. increasing Ile ignition angle of
"Pec1114".rn ir a Qom spondingincirease in the angle of displacement - Of the *tit
t,
R
pulad of the.rectified current witirzespeci to the anode voltage. If, hOeier !we
il
take irAo oeAsiderationsthe fact that even in an,eleotrid drive with a medhihical
t,rant1411-7 on the generator - motor (G systemr the power factor and the On-
,cdenayctrop sharply with reduction otspeed and that its efficienoy is lees
han.w ion driver 'then we see that .-as studies or the Experimental Scientific 1.e
Ydatte for Lathes demonstratet the ion and meohanical drive syeteme are
EtipD3.? 4671.y.: equivalent-in their power featureS-e
convenient in this instance to make use of a generalized power index --
ivdo?of the useful power of a drive P2 to the full apparent power Pe
st....,;:4,-,kusenrcsiezadmescretioamams
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IL %11 TRANSLATIOiZ; ' ?
'A 4 NUMBER .
Pigure1i1- The functions 2 .= f(M) Thr on and me0anica1 Ilectrio drivet
acxs*N. 1
P
1;
-- ion drivej 2 - drive on the generator 7 motor syotemo, -
1
Figl 1 .shows the function 472 a f(M) p obtained by experimental compuationv for
P
P
k
),Doth driva syttemtl with the same .running 15-kilowatt'elec'trio mo.tort ? may be seek,
from thia! illutration, in operation at higher speeds thie generali.zed power index is
tbotter rith the i'on.driveo and at lower speeds with the mechanical ,drilie0-. The curve
or the
power
temy QI-m:ighed, mean vale) and poser factor()
TOAatioh of P2 to the speed and load of the electric motor show that the
uclices
of the drive in this instance should be estimated Tith averaged effici
AnGtherdiSA4Vantaie of the ion drive 18,ith grid control i8 the presence of our
?rent pulsations. in ?iie armatUre-,cirOtilt which cause increased heating and greater
,
Ipower lossea its windings and supplementary field s0 Ac ording to data to stu-
clies of the Sxperimental Sc4entifio Researdh Institute for Lat4es, in a drive With a
[
Hwo-phaE rectifier the ratio of t6 effectLve value of the re6tified current in theg
main ci it of an electric ion drive having a. powor of 0025 to 60 kilowatts
C2800 rpm to the average value of the current during operation with a nomiiirload:
Th'e magnitude of this ratio decreases wxth reduotion of the nominal
Fipeedv-lvolution of the electrio motor to 1D12 -- 1.2 4(when 'n m 600 -- 800 rpm)-
Lin a , with a three phase reotifierp this magnitude varies' from 103 to 1'011, de-
e
[
-vendin on -the running speed of the "0160-iriO. potors'i and when the number of rettifiafi
[
,
[Phases 4 or thDrei it 646 not .exceed' 1.0 MO reduction of low). the'rii*ip.of
:he ,efftJti-317:e value of he current to alierage valts,:increases, reaching I 6 to
[1.7 with J.A. idling thAor with a two-phase rectifier. Owing to this9 the relative
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14,N.b LAIQ.
value of power 10 in the armature circuit increases, 'while these .106.b.es decrease
in absolute magnitude?,
The .preSenct
.small hataber
of current pulsations in the armature circuit when
of rectifier phases., this being common in low-power drives,
her to use a cathode choking coil to smooth out the pulsations or
the..in?1
with an appropriate power reserve0
e of ourrent pulsations on heating and losses in the maohi
m'7.119 insofar as multiphase rectifiers and comparatively slow
?MY)
ed for these driveso.
One nf tne important advantages of ion drive as compared with a.,:drive. on the
-M r,em is the relatively simplicity of its electric equipment. The ion drivo
has only one static electric transformer consisting of ion devices and transforier,
wbile iechanical drive the t ansformer consists of two revolving machines
a;:.cos
an
:nchror,ous electric motor and a generator which twice transform one type of energy
?
the operating superiorities of the static ion transformer -- absenim
rIe vibrations, simplicity of maintenance, higher efficiency - it also dif.-
?
Ere .ft?.v.:Tably from the electromeohanicaI transformer, by the initial expenditurea.
In'ser-xa la odaction of ion devices the expenditure of labor for the production of.
icm truix,formers and the amount .of materials expended in this proom (copper
FAsoi) , far less than for a mechanical transformer.
A.DrIted experience in utilization of ion drives and the absenoe,of estab-
Iftehefl tis' of ion devices for thea do not permit of a proper evaluation of the
r Ib I of ...heir operation and of the cost of employing them. However, even
rom th0 ect,. to jUdge by available eiscontected data concerning.perialloop,,
tioIndividual ion devices, both rith,, fluid cathode (mercury rectprieri,
tco.r!F and -with an igloanciescent one (thyratrons, gas rectifiers), .the oouoii
iab'y of electric ion drives can scarcely be doubted, on the condition Of pro.,
of production'and further perfection of ion devices.
Th .:1e1 of rational employment: of adjustable ion drives in:maohine tool on
structLc: includes a wide:group of nlachinez. differing in purpose, dimensions, and
ta3nhn1ca ?haraeterfetica. ?Particularly effective uae may be made-'oA ton drive in .
9:atomatftm of metal machining processes in specialized maehina tools For example,
!-%i:S
-
Li Krt.
3 FEB, 55
Mea=110=MONOMMINS=MMENW=ii19,1:MINCOMOILIMItar.....01MOISMICIaelcs,
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PAGE AMER
iscratrauffliaxcaroincau:latrasrazom
in turning l'athesi; lathes? .and grikding machines, it ia OSeible by smooth
sTAT
,the speed of. the -spindle to maintain a constant ecortoMic
upon change of machining diameter in milling machines it is possible
automatic regtiatiOn of feed depending on the load of the toolp.which Changes with I
change the depth Or width of milling or in the event of nonuniformity of the mat
,rial; 1i, ?Eterless.honing machines it is possible .to insure 'automatic maintenance
iof the rpeed of revolving parts etc.
No 3es8 important is the use of adjustable ion electronic drive in universal
lathes, the automation of which presents a particularly urgent problem. Electric
Li dr.J. ;with electron control can insure various operating conditions, exceptional
flexibildtn nd simplicity of control on these machines.
-raployment of automatic drives for the main driving mechanisms of machine
tools, a is well-known, does not meet the requirement of rational utilization of
Ithe op ring electric motor, regulation of the speed of which is performed "Under
constant Nomentum; regulation at constant power, which is required in the drives of '
1:t:4.yach mil/Aanisms in order to obtain an economical cutting .speed upon change of dia-
T1
tare of machining of an article, makes it necessary to increas
1
4
it
Ii diwr3ions or the electric drive motor. In consequence or this, the pridticaall
acceptable regulation range in the chives of main driving Mechanisms, in the event
ion dr" : or any other drive with automatic regulation is'emplOyed, is limited
big 3.,nproximately three to five for heavy machine tools and slightly more for me
dam aul. l'ight machines.
In E number of cases where it is necessary to achieve drive operating condition
at redw;ed power andy at low speeds, for example, in increased accuracy threading on
oc-rew-r-1.
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;
aZi===kr.z.or IrMle,"..30016.28.114=1.0!*ww
lathes or on machines designed for tool operations, the utiliz4tion of
,-LtomEttr: -regulation proves to be advantageous.
Eo c!srv the advisability of employing ion or direct-current mechanical drile
for
tion
driving mechanisms is frequently determined not so much by automaticrregula
, LT other factors, chiefly the requirements of transitional processes.
1 quirement of rational utilization of an adjustable motor is met the most
';he drives of machine tool feed mechanisms the magnitude of the torque re-,
quivec'1, ?}doh is determined by the forces of friction, remains approximately constm
.t ail .-Tasds0 In this instance it is the most effective to utilize automatic ion
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,
WAIVXM .;;APS: LA11 0
with any. larze adjusttient iange.
Eieotr c ion drives of two main groups ar
STAT
being employed. at pr.osent in Indus-
try:. 7po*erdi4Ve'spon the order hundreds and thousands of ii164ta ?.utlea ?
6604-04*-4akianUOther'indli8trIes:Ana:
Hm.'t116..6atIr.ot
4ry?Ottifif,ird*ith 'controlling grids are u8edas ootitrolled ion deitl.ce?iihigh-
pOer::drilypt$9 aWthyrttron'reptifielts..in Iot4oWer-driVes?
theAoctrfa-dii4es: withth5i.ratron.rectifiers? for' various power 8. ?h 0..o25 to
l?
or th ELIR type, developed in the ixperimenta,1 SCieritlik Resazcb
In-
rAitute ,e bathes, rigid mechanical characteristics of the ELIR drive are achieved
on).Tty of regenerative voltage. and current couplings 4-the armature
eladtr motor.; this is fully adequate for the overwhelming majority. of. Machine
,t.0018i:_?In'this case the necessity is eliminated of epployin4 a tachogenerdot
which ia partiOul4aly unde4rable in. small ?laniversal. latheS.
The. JLiR electric (4.,1S.o 404 been employed in grinding OaChines', turning
machine jig-boring and other:mach.ines
Thp tt.1.0g of specifie4;speeds. or. feeds in these machines is .aocp0O13hid?
thr m2v1449-by, means .of a pOtentipmetr.equippedwith a. graduated. scale9 Or avH
1
a717?.by switching to .previously ?determined fixed. speeds eorresp?ndino thel
tat
perating conditions of the machine() The speed adjustment range of the
in these machines ranges from 6 (in main driving mechanisms) to 120 (in
rapid and slow transfer. mechanisms).
Besides the convenience -of?control
and othe )pei4tingadvantagewp ..0e,AWR drive? also posessea important qiiantieEi
i :818110
i8 drive unlike-the electromechanical drive which requires.special
5paoe base for,its transformer consists-of-sepatate ompact units'oonvepient
=
:or. InE 1 la Um in the machine or in ?the control cabinet?
Figl-trl2 shows an 'example .of.installaticn of ELM drive units in. a dniversal
Pxindinglaohine? 7-The matcr,whIch%rotates the article I's -located directly
..ta the of..the atp014,of ?-01e:artiole.(upperleft)i onthe.front*def.which:is lo- ,
1
eatea a
.and rotating handwileel built into !die body of the regulating rheostat?
In the h?17a. the alelt pedestal ?is. a : panel with the . thyratrons and-elements of
eleonic-contrcl circuit ,In.a. similar-niche.in the.jeft pedestal is the pow,1
ir axle criner re?3::41ustrates:the inStallOioncfan-41-111.4anajUi)perlil
FORM
56
3A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELUGENCE TRANSIATION
t CONTI NUATION SHEET)
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4%1WEIRAU4,
in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
:Y;,'?,,00,',.':
4 1 *
illattaTltralrg
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
, r4e:3V4Or,IN".1w.,-110 ? ?
, ? -7?.7 ???
' \
- ? ??
r4f1Y1,,,
. . ?
-
? ? '
? ."1.0.4a.o...]?4.40?44ato,4,104srMAAVARtiall40011,13%,401$144103kfacluIralc.yeICSOOLSOMMAitsjgolarAirt,
7:LUCTEq.
? ' ? ? 4 4 ? ? ' ?
?
..
'!r==vfmntagorai.,---?wangvrovismeigna.443ipsnixitCriabowanong *(4...'11'04*! .. , .. . ,
.. . . .
,... ... . .
_. . .
and i)ower tiansformer,(b,ottomA44f0:in, the' ComOon eleOtric:Control.:eai4at (.if' a.,ce,n.
4-
, ,, . ..:,,i, flexibility of control and compactness of equipment are provided
4 gives an overall view of an ignitron rectifier indtalled.in a 4446,tel
1
Tith all the elements of an ignition and electronic Control Oircuito
1
13A DISSEMINATION FOfgwrFlialigisErilgGENCE TRANSLATION
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
xaav , - ,
LUCJ
3.F441
FIstre 40 Overall view of the control cabinet of a drive with a power of
ki1c-ATAts3
,litrons; 2 -- ignitron ignition block; -- electronic control block
Tha :Pisults of testa of an experimental model fa drive with an Ignitron r.mtq
3tand and on a machine have demonstrated that Um: operation is fullysatia4
ictory,
ianges in the amount of torque on the shaft of the driving motor frqq,
0 2 M J.
6 Q , ..-'25-.%01.1.1 the devation.of the 'number of revolution* per miii4*4-.Of the
,
, nom
L
motor 1;71 respect to th eiveragei_ established value n?r :does not.;':oxceed. ? 2% 'when
..?,? 0 1 %out 0 ? 4% when xi ..-_,,,. 0 n ." .
;
.? r 0004' nnom, and, -?-010 viten 4 ,--
. nc:a as'1 'nom ?
0004
n .
m;T! -,.. 0 Th
602 A 0 e System insures starting and reversing Of the motor withi
ti
.;.
Lautomatic limitation of torque.and 'armature current to a previously established lim;.1
: .
. ,
' U
git9 as ? as stable op4ration under an apecified revolution speeds and loadi6
K
Ezvrience in the operation of.LIR ion drives on machine tools has confirmed
,
their iullent qualities.) However, thgy have,tot,as let beenemployed, extensively
I.
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET) -
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
'4;447
g*.zowft-ammomft*-1P
?`'
?
EL,U G EAC -TRANSONIC) 4.; ,
Madhi.ne...toa. donati*c*i6w..dtke to inSuf.:44ent.. re:U.01.4ty... oper40oiik'sTROte*ker
mterof 1nit4noe5....of ?f44..?.sati.sfactory, c".ontinuo.uS '0per,c4CP.1.-
ive on, a number of machines there are, many cases, of interruption
?bon and. oU its becoMing unservicea'blere One of the causes of such a
:0163:44.ti
f. ratu.tirid,:?;:?...ng.t.allati.on:,? of. .t.1.1,e
thoiU'4,t4r0 'these .'defects.. .inay be eas.ily eliminatedo.
of ...a.' drive .'10....e4pittined by.
compe.tent personnO. in the:PlaOes..:o0nDera'4on .and by improper 0operOionci'
The ity)st important:cause.
f InisUfficient
ation is poor quality thyratrons and hot cathode rectifiers.? The ..rest4ts
and obEkirvations in operation indicate that in addition to those of the divices
are
effi :Lent
-...0011-711i44e there are veryany w14.61'..1 are eibhr unsrioeb1 or?
have a very short service life. The, nomenclature of the -devioes._ being Prittilitled? i 8
compl,??t y unsatisfactory It. is very limited s,nd does not teet?
quirt of;
Do:Aive Meas4re#:..al'e.needed for itprOvepent.of the qu4ittand 01)44;54'01
ri
the iechnical
nomioc,latare of ion devices for drives, without which it is impossible'
,
on ektennive introduction.:. and. further f'development of. this progrs8i?e drie 2yiistemo
? 1!
Together with Midst, it is necessary O. amplify , work of till dia
isotixit
P
Si
gr ans. ? ,71 vie;
C4,4
?
s of adjustable ion drives; chiefly in the direction of
tion and inereaiing their reliability in operationp.
A pqF',3-tioular.?34 -important problem in this process is the creation of a fige.
and r el i'adjustable alternating- current ion drive with a;short,4.0,irouite
es - ?
ohrohou Nnor; its.solution will require unremitting effort on the part bf the re-
6
e ardh : fL7
-
l're: ?
. ? .
y
it.."7134;tr,li,[413W2M.W.G19,:: 431?MirW11=1111111
.1C`i-A FORM. ?13A.
Pia 56
.401114111111110?043111/1010.4..P.
? DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(comn NUATI ON SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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A .M0AGAR1T6NOY
NMITISPEED ELECTRIC MOTORS IN MACHINE TAMS
.e370hase saynchranous motor's .with shortf;ciroUited rotor4.tevresent
asic
of eleatric .Maohines emp.loield for, the electric drive of machine toola Besides.
such qua '.ti as simplicity of design, reliability in operation, etc., they also
llava a wzious defect co- poor properties of regulation.
As we know, the speed of, revolution of an asynchronous motor mal '..be regUlated- i
i
i
lb- ahanging the sliding or speed of:r*volut,iph of the magtitic field. ,
1
R
1 The fitst is possible only in the:ave#' of. exietince Of ldading mement'Oittloe, 1
?
A i
t
'shaft a the hAApr And is usually achieved by swi$ching resistance into the rotor
c
. .
I
inirouit.
,
-
1,,... :
The latter is accomplished by-c4anging current frequency or the nUmber.ot4Ole0
1
of the aa to winding
Regulation of the apeed ot revolution of motors by changing frequency requires
a special grid the current frequency in which may be changed by
otages'or oothiy0. Such a.system of regulation is enCountered An a niamber:Ofspe-
cial...purpae electric drives (roller beds0.continuous:spinning machines: highspeed
haves, ;?,1.2A otOers).0
Thq mtber.of poles of the motor winding may be changed only by
equ'antln the speed of the motor may be only thus. regulated. 'Owing
oity9 th:: is the most widespread method in universal electric drives4
The n4mber and arrangement of the poles of asynchronous motors is determined by
2
th IWT:ic connection of the stator' winding. When there are separate, mutuillY
lad peml(nt windings with varying numbers of poles on it it is possible to obtain
iadiI, mange in the number of iioles is achieved by reversal of the dired'tion of
the cuirret in the winding or by changing the -arrangement of the winding phases on
th:3 oirt:;-o Terence or the stator bore. Mul4speed motors us ally have 29 34
Jiffercn-, 1,peeds.
Tabc,-I gives the praotioally possibleyersions of multispeed Motors.
4n4'64inding.multispeed motors have smaller?overall dimensions 'as ocimpied
two--A-Liaing motors0i.lhich.00rrespond to them in power And speed of revolution.
power of the former -may exceed by approtimate1y-1 6 to
rr,r,,,,:cvtanbsxkt,LresSMVW.,r_w,:xW.ME.R.WaVX2OUCWgst
11 56
13A D1SSE 'NATION FORM FOR, 1N1EWGENCE TRANSLATION
MOKTIEWATION SHEET}
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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times the, power 0
AIMAN,1010, 004m.026?.m
AGE NarBerr'2w
16
STAT''
two-winding motors with higher power indices and 'closet fre-
current*
in tors with two windino thin in motors with
'At
lOnn windiAg with reversal of
1 poles FAY; ratio of 1.-t 2
ind4m-ndPut For di?-
? ?
rent nuier of poles
Depends on number of poles of eac'J7,
of the windings
?
n epox,0,404,.windinga on
'4
if tthio1:t .-h4iT.t-eVet di:a of p ol es
awo.indevinkent:vinaings*.eaq4-
wiWvill of poles at
r4itc)
Depends on num0er?of poles for
which winding ii reversed. In
majority of eases,n4 more than
124.
,
:eedin-g of current of normal frequency, the following synchronous speedo
olutQf the motor are possible: 3000, 1 500, 1000 750, 600, 500040 rpm, whicia
4pr6sponA to 2, 4 6, 8, 10 1244, poles of its winding0
f-
"X2.f3 motorri having a power of up to 100? kilowatts the speeds are usually liMited to
100-?)00 pi Ati'l 2
3p or 4 stageso
or the qualities of the ordinary short-oircuited asynchronous mo
TefibrVed
motors in which the number of poles are switahed this insuring
plication in machine tool construction.
EMPLOYMENT OF MULTIBPEO MOTORS
IN THE ELECTRIC DRIVES OF VARIOUS MACHINB TOOLS
,Tined asynchronous motors are employed in various branches of industry arA
In the coal, metallurgical, cement oil, shipbuilding, and food indud-
hoisting, pumping, and crane installations; on conveyors elevators, eto
Th ?2i4ensive use of multispeed motors plays an important part in the further
-
a machine and machine tool construction,
oe,)lace6 lultispeed motors on machine tools
1) implify the designs of machine tool ran
tsmissions, including even calla-
,
When single-speed motors are
it frequently becomes possible to
V.:AC[7:31 r. OT......1"1,03.1rettal
FORM
FEE?. 56
(OXIXIIIIISKOJNEValitetel...01
13A DISSEMNATION FORM FR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET) 2
-
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
4.',...fonart1111!AlWillegiandflp'eegtAXPraMaitellpyi
GElitC;17, l'FifEr:ZSLATIO"II ? ?
.0,10WWWWWW=01117,..
nation of gear and feed boxes;
*.tk:I.,;eise the output and performance qualitios of machine to6
improve the quality of, maohir4ng on a maohine tool owing to redueU6it 0
, ?
e ,
,
)1f loratloDA and inaccuracies of the mec4Anismi resultingfrora the presen4e of a large
4
1
increase the effioiencY of the machine tool as a result of reduotion of
i
al
I
?hangs speed during operation without stopping the machine;
eimplify automatic control of the processes of starting stoning, revers-
7) simplify automatic control of machining conditions in relation
.14.3a1 facAorz.
Blect?ic drives in which multispeed motors are employed instead of simgle-speqq3.!
tors po$sess other advantages as well, e.g., the possibility of starting a maahi
a mixlmum speed of revolution of the motor and switching the windings during
? I
oparatior. to higher speeds; this As of particular importance in the aCceleration of
driVes 711(aes8ing considerable inertia. Starting a motor at a lower speed of revo,?
Lution o has the advantage that the absolute value of the starting curiint-An
this case lin as a rule be the least as compared with the starting currents at
,107,70r ,flpr.sda The losses of electricity in the case of switchina from a lower to a
zher ore4:d will be much smaller in importance than in the case of direot starting
ilicre,cd speed. When a winding is switched from a smaller to a lager number if
15,;1.p
, who the speed of the motor is reduced,' it recuperative braking9 which
nct LIVolVe,.power losses, takes place automatically
Mfl brakta&
?
as in the ease of opposi-
dApeed motors may be used extensively for universal and special machines --
lath .izet lathes, drillo, grinders, planers and shapers tool-grinding'machinei,
FA'On
toAheir use in main movement and feed drives multispeed motors'
utilized to accomplish accelerated or decelerated shifting of various
..,z.hanisms (rapid delivery and removal of a tool, softening the blew ak tho
indexing, ) 'and- performance of teohnological operations ? connected w:I/Lii
laange iy the speed of machining or with the necessity of correction .of.a tool (e.rc,
t S77 11.4 aTTMCSSZCSti.- csr ". ? ...Iv, C-11,...rztatttlibtoilleilMIMOVAstalliDabaUSX.G1
FOW? 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FQR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
EB 55 (CONTINUATION SHEET) ?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
c; ?
?,N.1.?1,4so,,rIch
tutrx.nrAteavviveiniPeraaktogespas,"41?3',"""""
straighiening the grinding wheel.) without stopping tl?,e machine?
lacement
qIert11.,1,4,4
PAGE MOWER '
8
STAT
the ordinary , single speed .motor by mu.ltispe.ed *motors. in many
in1-4.4411b60..bOan4134JMprOestfl00.n44414:1,
-
maohi&I
;.
and performance
qualiiies Of the
xeduoes the mut 9f lOor expended in ita manufactuive.
to .erAploy :raul'J,eipeed motors in-the feed dtv.ss o
.Sinde*in. the.
of oases three ior four deliveries aTe
Cained wiyh a multiepeed , motor without any auxiliary mechanleal v 0004,
Sal ? mital-.PUst.ting..:.M.04110..S.4.:,?p0-,ti.CU.
small ,denominatcr in the. progTession of the geometrioal
y' pe per minute, reduction gears or transmissions with a large num-
4
1-43ta are. requiredo., ,When .speed is regulated by only one mechaziOal, e?
tib8,3wE'issions .:become considerably more pomplicated in design and at t4Mes requir4
1 a :Jomplio ;et,, o,ontrql systeal thiS ?increasing the expenditure of, labor, and. rerderin
A
.P,Oflof,,:,transmissions ,expensive , For this reason, combined e1eittio'thiaohani,1
eed, vegiliatighn SySte' may ,be 'employed, more. 'extensively in machine- .toasii
Par i 14, or coaplate replacement ..of mechanical by electric
mgcthit* twabecomes
_
drive
possible when a multi speed asynchronous motor is
the machine. . In machine tools inHwhich-it is -possible to Um
?
tnEIS
4
. .
to. 2
3, .-.Or
on the Condition that the speeds of revolution of the
?Spindle...he .effe,otive,..use.;16.? that
(3Nlidd. The stator, of the motor Is built into the headstock .of the
....connected thrwagh:.a coupling with the: rotor shaft .0r:.? the latter.
Moun.tI direotly. on?th.
'Such a design' of the machine- proves excilift.tion..-
:Al sixip1,9 and its kinematic chain is the shortest o-- It the speeds-..of;-rtiliaiitibn
ripir,16 and the , multispeed motor do not poincid,3 .then ttwe latter is tAirteCted
th:th0 51*IiitaebyAm4s114.:pf a:1)40 or gear drive
peed should e .?particilaiUy. 0.00pre ad .among..:sma,11'". Operatl..on....:maCMites ?
,
241-led fn:e -0,rn1ng;0,.y #3,4116 clra14rtg and grinding. pperationso:--.?:
The tiaUaUon!..of a simple gr train greatly: .extends.,:;../14e.:..?.spee4i,.
-e of 'oachine :bppl,s with ,tmilti-ixt.pultispeed motors lengthening' the.. icinethatic
-)21o,ked
Machb.ine...only., at ow, speed,so . The arrangement with th gqo trai:n. may b:
pAnother,
1!
5 ?
?21.171. 17,7r1t,777,X%..,.
/.11.10.01 11.p::.c4ttlolg 'speeds ? differ , oo4si4v014001. one
turning, and thread cutting, in drilling and reaming;
FORIVI ? 13A..'
56
conacaomnarr;;rgseganrimgaritanarwmealeirilitse..
DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLiGENCE TRANSLATION.
. (CONTINUAt1011 SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
rou?nottoirsealtistallab
"
? . ? ? " ?
e ribre,W7W1001-11,010P*ArW
S TAT
also fully possible to employ a multiopeed motor in combination with a twow,stage
*"
transmission.
Mulgspeed motors for machine tool drives may be effectively utilize
drives e maobine tools in combination with a mechanical speed modifier
c.oupling,
1
;?.
of stagelees regulators()
In these
oases
cguiai1 iitts e;tended?.but also the energy losses are reduced whiop. 6641ii
cwmbinatioA of,asynChronous electric motor and sliding coupling
The dAvelopment of designs in ,machine too' construction As following the path
inoreased ilachi.ning speedo. In the drives of machine tools and machines with Speeds(
f revoliAlon above 10 to 15 thousand rpm; the greatest effect is provided bfhiel- 1
speed (4:3h-frequency) short-circuited motors fed an increased frequency current
from a 9rellal generator or frequency changer. Regulation of the speed of revOlu-
tion of m,betle motors increases considerably the universality of the drive since it
makes
4
t pas5ible to change the speed in relation to the requirements of the tea
12'000914 quality of the material, dimensions of the toolt.etc4 In additiori
L the case of high4tequenoy motors with speeds on the order of 40 to 50
rpm and above stepwise increase of the speed of revolution makei-it poss-
ible tv t.olve the most simply the problem of starting the motor0
Svocla
regulation of the speed of revolution of a high frequency motor ii
achievod hy changing the frequency. of the converter (generator), and stepwiie regu-
latioh
9
?
acc(4plished by three methods$
pwise chexige of th4 speed of the drive of the converter, and; condequelv4
:vaquency;
c,hdh e in the number of poles of the motor winding;
coMbination of the first and second methods?
The ciimplest and most Oaiable method of 'stepwise change of the speed of the
i3rive u:e ;2 frequency changer1 is the employment of a multispeed short oircuiV?i motor'
4
iAkeo-ted with the changer* If the.driVe.mofor baom1speede of reVolutio-aj
then thc niliOer of different current frequenoieS'thOh may be Obtained from an p.sYA-i
onoL quenay changer when it is rotated by a iultispeed motor in _rigi counter t4
thetup-- Po revolution of the magnetic field of-the. changer will be 2n4. When the
- w,
wiaanw3 the highf.fre9.uenoy.motor are switched to n2 poles, we obtain n2 speeds
)t revcd- i.oga of the motor. -Oonsequeptly
1:=1.1= ...2.%.44.r.14111=0.7001.0101W01210110.
FORIV, 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FORINTELLIGENCE.' TRANSLATION
73. 56 tCONTINUATION SHEET)
the total number of speed stages 6k the
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
ice')
high4requency motor th this calie 1141,1_1e 2ri1n20 When for 04010111, a ttYQpeed
Changer'
motor :in the.'d?ive'of a frequency/and.athres speed motor are A0p1Oyed .2i2x3 12
'1 di fferent , speeds of r evdluti on may . be obtained. With 'a three- spee4 'frequOnct. char: 'repri
,
,
. . . . i
drive motor and a three-speed high-frequency motor 0 2)13x3 a 18 different sivaeds of
obtained, etc.
CONTROL OP MULTI3I3EED MOTORS
OWrol of multispeed motors is accomplished by means of anual and contactor
Mamai
vi:ontrol devices are employed in the case of infrequent starting for
miAtispecld motors of comparatively low power (3 to 5 kilowatts). The utilitation
thededv16661t-imited by..theotirrerit
which is broken
?
by their switches.
poles of the motor winding are reversed, when the motor is switched off fr6i the
he
;?;
atea a safe continuous ?current switch.ay be employed for the.mOre power
Fr the
.1..taeitOr
1 ' ?
g .
Whdri ?tc
OLoc
Open8
.? r
oontrol of multispeed motors of medium power (5-10 kilowatts)
?
? ?
,(re Of a system wherein the motor is switched on and
?
use is
off by metiAiii..df'l *con-,
t _poles changed by:means of a changer 002 the rotor sOtphe4 off?
fAlanger knob is turned to the new position he normally 0.osed changer
1h: vhich is connected in series with the edarcuit of the contadtor coil,
oonaequehoe of which the latter is aut off from the system
g system for connection of the VII changer together with a magnetic s
i!trated in Figure "L
art
Cotetor control of maltispeed motors insures a high frequency of
and ?*r? (occasionally ao many as several hundred an hour). It is more riiiable
omt g
in comparison with manual control equipment. Thus the average nUmber
tkiiitcho6'of the .6hangst- due. .to mechanical wear of the centacAs
two hundred thousand o and in contactors, one million.
.,matic control of multispeed motors is accomplished with magnetic d artOrs
or For For-low-power Motor's use is.frequently made of eleCtromagfie
terna-;,ig current relays (EP RPM etc). Occasionally, automatic con*rol Of
soeed filtor o is effected by. means of Special control devices. For example, in the
uUneet, athes designed and produced by the Experimental Scientific Research Inati-
tuteft 1..4,1-;; es the control device which performs changing of the poles of the
C4
hi. f. FORM 4,??
P' 3"
13A DISSEMINATI
N FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
11111111111_Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
"41111211111111111W
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved
for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
,
tr,,os'uii rp.r ,gro-Nuoren.ritaraVarcliacuiteffasstroaa4r
g .1(114qg ITU1t,13"1".Kril ?
6
F.
?,;
Fig, 1 Diagiam, of connection of the VII wavereal pole changer together with
a magnetv:. starterv 1 .0 Start; 2 -.stop; 3.- Connection of switches; 4 - Closed;
5 bloc:: contact; 6 - handle; 7 . Closing of switches; 8-Switches.
three-8pd motor (7'0/1500/3000 rpm) in the main movement drive is mechanically con.1
'fleeted to the turrets turning of which simultaneously causes change by the control
4
device C?: the motor winding to the speed corresponding to that of the part machining
,=
proees5(turning, drilling? threading, etc.)6 The moving part of the dontrol devioei
is a c.-der with druMs arranged uniformly around its Circumference.' Each of thep
r
sevey,:'al fiked*Ositions. The number of drums corresponds to the number of.49si-1
1
Terminals are =led .to the fixed switches of the oonira-deVice
jr.'rom the winding of the drive motor. The latter depending on the tool mouit'ed ir:,
the turrc, develops the required speed, owing to preliminary setting of the diTMS)
K
kihich pma In-iuccesiiion under the fixed switches of the control device and clime.
?
theme
it1cin of the turret.
SJOIES T MULTISPBAD SINGLE-WINpING MOTORS
?
I'dctories of the Ministry of theSleatrie Industry at the present are pro- r
n the basis of a single series A, wiih change of the 1
luainab Fpitispeed motors,
4
Y.
=In
PLC:Si FORM
56
A
13A DISSEMINAT1 'ON FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTitliMTiON SHEET) -
j??? Wtj 114' '
,0N)?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
- .
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
which the ratio of the numbel*of.p6Ies.is not.1,0,a8,wsil as t40 three And
'rout speed motor 6 tare two stator 11.414ingb and because of their overall diienaion;
laze ln many instances unacceptalAs6'
A Oeriso T of multispeed motors with one stator winding, including si.z atandard
iimailsions of motors having a power of 107, 2.80 405, 7,10, and 14 kilowatiP at
1500 rpri4 made with three different external diameters of the Stator plate, 182w
.;245, did 327 millimeters, was developed in the years 1948 and 1949 at the litidiiMen
Rese4rch Institixte for Lathes for maChtne tool odni4ruotioi
Th oFmetal plates for each diaMeterare.produCed.in two diffOren
_ea-ths. The dft.m6nsions of the cog zones of the stator and rotor, the number of
. h
wire, . the Iatter? and a number .of other features of the design of the motora I;
0
ihave beez) aelectod witb a view toward achieving optimum use of them as mUltispeed ,
mouor4c
,
ThGries T motors in constructional execution are c oSed with external von i-J
riationc ,b motors up to and including 7 kilowatts in power, the bed is -foiMed,14
(2asting nd the otator pack with an aluminum alloy The shields! fan Ana oihvi7
s aim made of an aluminum Alloy.
Fon): types of motors are being aerially produced at the present time':
.,.??
T-42 T-5'1, and T.52 which in their overall and installation.dimeni0A0 fully
rrespod. to the similar dimensions of the motors of the single series o
'OL41 42, A011.51 and A011-50
'1111 ,:-cteis for determining the power of the, motors was the extent to whiCh ihe
?
the-
itator ,?arature might be safely exceeded or/conditions for obtaining fivoribl0
All f:',ries
" multispeed motors are made with one stator winding, owing io which4
ney hav( _ireater power than the two-winding motors of types A,and ACY, althoUgh
same dimensions aa the iatte S Depending on the interrelitiOns be-
__
6v'Isen 'peacide7 the tvo-speed series 1? rotors have from 6 to 14 termina10 tb the
? .?
7/J1:9 ohEr the three-speed motors from 9 to 18, and the four7speed moters, up tc.
? .
,M11.C=E11..~411113
\ FORP aA DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELKENcE TRANSLATION
523, 56 - . (CONTINUATION SHEET)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
.341:f i.C.,?...NLI,Wie.rfa.laktovvogatwoixac4,05roca,wzrauzuzaraverOcuses.ca,paieer;eAtieisu
VillUiSLATION .
Irftentos4r,,F.pggri"vtoWrzwetwxttext
STAT
Wir"r#041/014.11:23,
0
8/4
6/4/2
8/4/2
a/6/4
8/6/ 4/2
t2/8/60,
mort:
retaatotxt10101.?v=radinSn<
multispeed motors are employed by 35 machinecol construction p antv
?
than 60 model ofimetal.,cutting and woodworking machines0
-glocxegawraabmaf ,....-.-,r=fut",:e1;4-,...16.1.,....,...??."1.11112,0,v
!-,1,-; r, n p,
1... ):,? 0, L. 1.1. I:.
7"117 -
2! !X-a
4
13A OISSEIVIINATION FORM FOR iNTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(communoN SHEET)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
?
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
'AIIMAAV''
PAGE BEir----
LEVITSKII
CAM DRIVE IN AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOLS
AND LINES
THE CONDITIONS WHICH DETERMINE SELECTION
OF THE LAW OF MOVEMENT Or TJTH4 DRIV.EN. MEMBER
IN IN THE CAM GEARS OF AUTOMATIC MACHINES
Calq gow-rs are among the most widespread; this is explained by the numbe,c of
polidve qualities as compared with other machineso
Tim iwElts of tam gears ara (1) the possibility of effecting almost dirlY
07 OM YIN, the dri,ven member by D20848 of appropriate profiling of the ,cam; (2)
. ?mance due
to rational:.aelpOtion 617 t4
plAcOMen$ ok.
mber; (3)
thee cam; (4) mall overall size of the gearl:.(..5) sipljpiy of. 00Prm-
ance of c iordinated operation of several gears in automatiomachjinep mor th rea7
20 caz gears have been-extensi*O4 employed in the. feed, mechanigms f AiitOtiOc meri
,diwovkig machine oo:La 41.1 the displaosment% mechanisms of the operap.mg 144i* Pf
va.A',Ious ElAtomatia machinpvand.'in.loany Other instances when ? it ,is necessary to obtai
or rectilinear motion ot the driven xember in aooprdah6e with a
I III
krantAges of ,c.am Oars as compared. with oranke.lever. gears1 an4-several
)t:Iers th *onsiderable amounts of specifio pressures on the ?colltact
and in .Consequence -iner,easpd wear of the friction. surfaces., 44 '*ort
ning 0j: the :Life of the par-0 'Moreover9 in the event of high ? speed of moveiedi cf
11.1 drivEn member there exists the, possibility of occurrence, of ImpaotS:0 part i6ular4
if vcvoh. has: been made only for ..power, looking0 Usually these'dleadVantages
.1.1E1?y be re,Juced tO- a minimtim, by proper sel.ection of the Av,-.Thof riovpment.ot.4he. dilver3
3f the basic parameters, which 'determin.., the arrangement and: ,structural
artiOleo oonsidration has, basmziveri only to. ,3leotio,71
.1) rrespondence of the: law of movement of the driven member to the.
1
itS? or teohnolOtical Prooess;. 2)'.1a0hie7trement f kigivpachi4le etncOngy;
DI$SEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE' TRANSLATION
(CONriNUATiON SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
NAUF
,7,y?
RAM:N.4.Pa ION ' ? . ? '? ? --7-744!4441 AGE 11011.11iF,P.'
aciattrialrg'TATf du-
.-ability and. long 1,:ife of-to.gearl 5) AMplty of production of the praile? of the
The first condition is the basic onef since the gear must above all suitHits
-
,
.funotional purpose,i.e., displacement at the operating member connected to. the driv-
en meTtAbor of the.
qon
of the law of tovetent t.he..drivenmember, this law being.specifieu in certain in.;,
Vltatices iv the teChndlogioal process dUring a certain .portion of the movement*Fo
jexam0,e0 iA fe01464chanisms.there. is frequently peed of Uniform displia0ement to a
ertaii
fc the speed orioveMent of:the driven member or by the requirements of coordinated
ration of the mechanism-Ip..marvinstances1 however the requirements of the
heethnological proceWdetermlne only certain individual parameters: or the la, of
Amovement
4- -
.,??
at must insure the performance of a specific techi4og1cal operat-
and propeim quality of the 'latter*. This condition may be satisfied by selection [
h during a specified interval of time, which is. determined by the heiaht
0. For
4
texample, '5he law of movement with acceleration changing along a sine curve gives half
4
Lie amo 1-1,-; of Maximum torque yielded by the law of constant acceleration.
Thi econclusion that the magnitude of 8 should be reduced remains valid for
max i
p
,
kther ins7anee of loading of the driven member not discussed here. Hoiever, if 1
J
r:!4 ,
riction in kinematic couples is taken into account, i.e., if consideratibt is given 1
,
Q
,
11 t o the, eficiency of the mechanisms the conclusions may change somewhat. As G Ao
i
the momentary efficiency of a cam mechanism has its maxi-
r, E
,
6
'14-02m magniqde with a certain value of the : angle of, pressures which we shall designste
The' ma:ximu$ value of average effeincy is usually obtained on the conditior4
1
1
the -maximum ..valie of the angle f pressure in a given mechani.sth0 it
from this that the results. of comparison - of the laws of movement of the ? clriv-1
ACSI FORM
FEB, 56
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENcE T
(CONTINUATION MET)
?\i
_
'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043Rnn94nnn7nnn1_
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy A
ASIELITi
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
W "
N.OSFA,
1
RetTIVII212
?
?
i
P
F,
e
1 of the profile of, the cam L for pr6gresisively moving cams) .or* tile maximuii radius
viector R (for rotating disc cam)t .
q . 0
,
,
2,tr,09,414111000.ranCateCtf
tbr A . ?? ?
PAVE, Ni714.1PER.
? STAT ?
en member by the magnitude ?f.Maximum eiTiciency may vary ill relation. to the length
Yf
?
the magnitude of L (or Ro) selected is so large that with the l'ais of move
-
efficiency' it is nedessary
be
- ng compared Omax ek? in order to incraase the
to Increase the angle of pressure and, consequently., select laws of
movement in whicbl
th 'magdtudeof maximum velocity is great, since the angle of preasure increases
!allm increase in velo
?ljrh
ap
U.
itIftith'the magnitude of L (b be1eote4.
max,p
4c:i,Aance which ia mere often encOuntered)0 then in order to increase the
it i6 angle
iavof Yr&tfotOnt. hat'ing'd
?
Withoo
of
t,.11:(7;.
of pressure and correspondingly select
smaller magnitude of 0 0
max
Maximum amount of Dressure
of the cam
. . ?
on the driven member
,
taking into account the forces of friction ,..we find, the amount
clam on the drivert mercib'eiffrom?'the conditibn
-
(36)
An th:s, case of a progressively moving driven member, the angle of pressure for
drical
1.1
and proe,Tessively moving cams is determined- by 'the formula
Ca(7.17).
M
ft.
CZ) 4.111.
17,
'tg 0 ':....
? k
' . , . ? .
the velocity of the cam;
the length of the profile of the cam0
Subc'r,,tuting the value of the angle of pressure 0 from
ard 'taking formula (2) into consideration., we obtain
F7,fvlalro 0
1.trn
;
relation (37
?
Fovrir..1..)1E, (37) is also applicable f r rotaiing disc cams when
'Or .;..v4.47.
.!
But
the
?. . .
driven member With reetie6t tO the a,x1.'s of rotation Of
this instance'
.r).?;;,?+' I
.? ?
?
lent c in formula ("8) receives the value
(37)
n formula
1
?
(38)
displacement of thc,
-thE;' oam it absent,
(39)
FORM 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATIOM
(CONTINUATION SKIT} ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
?
Declassified in Part - San tizedbcpy Approved for Release
)tp
.? ? ?
"
_
?
-
? ,
? -
\
?
/
1 T
,
' ? - ? . , ? ; ; ? .
I
4,4 1.4rWY ??:, A .i41.171.4.-`93414?1,1?11f/.14/pe.CMONANDS.1041100122INWAVICPOOMARW1/1
("17 P71 Q?1..13/4 TiON
. ?vtd. i...41??P?11,144. ,
?
.2.1.6441M=.0/2011.0.!fteadMr0444,M?410,00(415
?
7
( ,
Pr677?prilBER
.11,304,1211WOMP210:016
:
??
'
C.. ....?,..47. ..500;
((: 3 t7 . STAT
(40):
..
, AxiVI's'
,,0 ? ' i il. '''cq; ?
,....., -0,,?.;
g
to olarif the .inf1uen0o? of the iaiip..of movement on the.
e
11
. i. ? .
Pxi mum presaure of the OEM on the driven ? members let , us examine the same four',1.in-
,
ii
listanoles of loeicang of the driven member which were cited above.
Ph' instanciks" The 'force clireicOd along the axis ,of. the driven ,member maay be
onsid.ered apprbilmately oonstantt P consto
in this instande, it follows from flovmula (36) that the minimum magnitude of
preasure of Qta" obtainedwhen ousts . with the law of movement with a
04onstant angle of piessure. Of the laws of movement shown. in Table 11, the smaiiezi
Imagnitu.de of 'Girt.= is given. by those having a correspondingly smaller magnitude of
.;
Pt
? raw!:
instancet i'nereasing force of resistance:
P.maz 4
'
in lilai02.1:..4Staii041.-..4. substituting in formula (38) ..the .value of :the force.-P and
,
13
litalcing fonnula..(1) .?into ? consideration-9 we obtain
(.1 ? . - ? ?
Praax
io?a09 the vvicus laws of movement may be compared by the magnitude
qi :1 g
717 I
*7 max.
in Cozmula
9
(41)
(42)
(41), the coefficient .t gsrOWEI continuously when S 'varies in the in-
te.:Nal Sdo The coefficient 45 in the same 'interval varies from zero to the max-
ral.s.1 a of -.8, 'when v v and. then again to zero-.
, ? max . max
.1
For this reasons the value
Hy? tile cooffidient q will be the leilitaller,0 the 'closer to. the beginning of the inter-,
? . .
..?,. .. ?
- ?
. ? , 1
hral is th4,:t poOitidir cokvesponding to v , i.e. 1 s sm
the all th
er it e coefficient is. it
1,?
o
1
Third iti.iiiftdiii . decreasing. force ' 'Of resistanothi ,P ..;."P (1";
' '"' -?ra4x' 5 ?:i 1., 4
ri
? .. . ? , ?
Here tlik.,,::;61: ofte ,aonoltision. is '613ttiiiiedt? In order. for the maximum aiount,? f
?
i
I p.tessureI 0 to be 1r-educed, the' coeffieient i must be &eater? th.ari 0.59 since 4
i
J
3 1
31
%ax_,-..,
- .?1-213max' '
.. .1
,i
.,
I
1 .
Wilere
.,
5
.1
q2.7.d(1 ? . . e"-/' 8 c
i 1
,
?!. ,.t
., !max? '
,
) d - ,
i . ,
t,
4
:i
.1
1 ?
&ACM
Fourth inStaniiies The force* of resistance P and the force of the spring P. - are 1
q
i.
31.' ht or an .absen.t. i, e., it may he corisidered that the force directed along the i
i
1,p
i?
of the di!iiren .4aember coxxsists orily of the farce of inertia Pi : ma.
1
1
,;:s.Z.1.f.r5.4.="rharranzbaorn 'or. :a , .17 --a.,....a,...-inedrWho. , I,
viamodrimplomOloaretputoroneserfir..4v,ivrwear..1
ACM FOF-M 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION.
F., FEB; 56 ' (COMINUATION SHEET) '
4
o.
I
?
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50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
,
,
?4,1graNiety7nmliwimipirif.!..t.,?,t1laP.,)M4Xk
? ? , ? .
. ? . .
?
..gtenwa.lor.a.ri.. ? ,
1 tiPiN.151,a I SUR:
. ?
GtaMBMA
STAT
,
locro.towsrmwstome
44)
the various laws of movement may be compared by the magnitu441,,,,
(45)
Table 2 gives the values of the magnitudeB q q and q for the various laws
l' 2' 3
of movement vith a constant magnitude c O./. It follows from formulas (41 - 45)
. . . ,
,iand the data contained in Table 2 that the conclusions pertaining to the influence of!
A
ltho amonnt of maximum pressure of the cam .on the driven member to a laramextent co- ,
'incide the condlu ions drawn in investigation of the amount of maximum torque.
P
"METHOD OF MACHINING THE CAM PROFILE
Ail
the preceding Conclusions relating to the obtaining. of laws of movement withti
? . , ?
optimum magnituaes of the. chai;acterisiios aoriform-to reality inly in
JiM event, that the method
of machining the cam profile insures the obtaining of accu-1
,.y..1;crir. of ,,.:-.-3-)roduction of a specified profile with which deviations from the law of P
MONn..3j,
rwv-ir,ment zeLtyoted are less
compared.
t.f
than the corresponding difference between the laws of
.; ? ?
,
existing methods of machining series of cams may be subdivided into
.gro-o.D83 .
:".
?
'
? ? -
,
. " . . .. ? !?;'
? ?
"
' 1. Maohliang On multipurpose lathes s by means of which ,it is simple enough to i
,)
,
. ? ,, .. - .. .
-. . . , ? ... 'i
J:.Yotain px'ofiles of disc cams outlined along the arcs of circlesp Archimedean screw 1
.,
fi
? ...n.d' uwote, and profilesof cylindrical cams. along a spIttAl? In the 11=11,1
,. . .
_ _ l
,
?OA'ling of the6e-prOfileSv' the 'blank and the tool have the same relatiVeAilOvement.whioW
1
. . . _ .
_ ____??? ,_..... ,
,1;11,- cam Finri driven haveln the mechanisi (idnematic.method-of machining). Ti
, , ? __ ? . , .
.., _
11.1ac.thiriing of -other profiles.9.'which is accomplished by means of successive shlft6 of 1
.. :? ? . ..,?...
, , , , 1
,
. .?. ,? ?: . ?
, _,.. ? .
r1-10 tool a-41.blank by a-Spedified amount in accordance with the shop Arawing-f the '1
_.,.. , ,
?.. .... _ ,
.,
... ? i
.. ??? . .?_ .? ?
. ......
, _._ . ? ? ?.
?;-)...'afile, zeO,,Vires the expenditure of much labor and?frequently does not insure the i
? ?
. ?
aoc.,,ura4y0 1
;?.?
t
?
el - 1 . , .4. - i
4 htacAlhingin Attachments by means of which 14 is possiblei:to obtain cam Pro-1
? . - ,.?? . .? ? ,,,?.?
, .
., ... ? 1
1 , .? ? ..? . ? . ,????? . .
? ,, .s.? ? ,
. . ..,,.. 'i
. ?
?lies' ooTtis'66-6iidings ? to the Jaws of inoi'ement with aogele-ratj-Pri.7'faityitki .6,16i* i d" -6sine .1
?
:i . . , .1. ? . ' t
, .. . ..
. . . . . .... . . . . . 1
, _
6,27,1$4? 'axl,f,3. .,i-a-ii'ldlined 'sine curve, as viell'aSto ?pombinationt'ot the"lattatetith..the 1
_
..
. tl
.4
?. ? . . 0... ? ? . ? , . ,t7:, t,7.1?:,.,,i.,..... .,...,,i: s .. - .. ,,, ..: , T..... , .. -' ? : - .
... .. i
,i
'Jaw of:ccastrAnt velocity. ? . . _ ,.... .
1
,
..,.. I
? 1
.; ; ..,
:.-
,.
2 Ma6hining onAuplicatingyiaah?ne0, with whichit Is possible to obtain any 1
......, . ?.--- _.:..
. .,..:?. ?? :..c_ i
,
13A, DISSENUNATION FORMA FOR ?INTELLIGENCE T
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
NSLATION
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R0074nnn7nnni_-4
;.; .
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
..ei:ttml,n0r04w0WattP:11?041025MateflaStewqiiric0e0410:1P000.3730113te=a3.&70T?14_2110q1VCITkiril..,
' ?
t ' "
cam profiles pernitting the production of master formso
t-promising,,form of meChining is the kinematic method, since'
ch gter accuracy of production than does the copying method* In order or one
? ? ?j
t
k
p,o convince himself of this, it is enough for him to recall the fact that proper
1
mixacy of production of profiles of teeth in gear wheels was obtained only after
transition from the copying to the runnin in (kinematic) etho Pr this reason9
.-S.n comparison of the 'various laws of movement having approximately equal character-
praference should be' given to those laws which permit machining in attach-
alents or on multipurpose machines by the kinematic method (see the last column of
able 2)
. , .
MAPLES OF SELECTION OF THE LAW OF MOVEMENT OF THE DiiIVEi MEMBER
For (,,arrect selection of the law of movement with which are fulfilled the con-
,
Oitions :1Louring full conformity to the requirements of the technologioal process
',.chieveme,lt of m.o. efficiency, 4nimum.sxpenditure of energy, and proper durability
the mechanism, in m447 instances it is necessary to make a comparison of
veal -?,;4sionto of the lar of movement, since it freqUentIy proves impossible to
y all the requirements seto However several recommendations may never
0.;heless oe given concerning application of the laws of movement for certain standard r
jL.9.$)..)taic......x met tan vtlocit chiat.1 milks
gid impacts (slow-speed and lightly loaded mechanisms) may be permitted,
poMing of cams direct use should be made of the law of constant velocity, the
1 . .
,;oagnitu.de Df the impact load at the mbillent of impact? the resilience Of the members
.)eing takea into acdount
1
:(46)
? -
)ofile
the velocity of thii driven member at the point of
4cz,71
r?,,,; e
utocaaTp
2
kg/sec
?J the mass of the driven systew -------;
2
contact with the cam
( the rigidity of the driven system, ieeo the ratio of the force acting
he driv17:7? Aystem 0 to the fu/1 magnitude of the deformation? corresponding to his
CCe
ae Profile or. a Prpgressively moving cam obtained in this process is in he
td:
a 'rotating ? 4180
FON ? 7,41' ? DISSENRATIONIORM . ? ? INTELLIGENCE' TRANSLAT(
4! :)6 (CONIINVATTION
11.114010p47010-106001024mtoti
ttt
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
If rig
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
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0
,
C .?.,"...'...r,srtnwasralie..-.Keetrztvme.,rt.,..,...al.m....,:e.q.aromntreateutzeval**".00.nebbre.evarosol
TRA14$1ATION ? FamIpiTarr---
.5o ?
'in2the...e.torMOf.ean. ,A.tChimedean.?'.screm..'=..in progresSiVeLJ
?
? .? . ? . , ??
. .
. ? ? . ? ..4: ,? ? ? 1,te:
riven ..fnemb,er or., in ..the. .fdrm of an epidyc.loId (hypocyolpid) in the case of a rotating
P2sclOrg!imisruMlemastars
riven member; and ? the profile Of a ,rotating disc cam ? with displacement in the form
. .
an extended involute.
, All
? ,
the profiles mentioned admit o' machining by .A46 iinem'atic.0e..01
?
If with a given velocity of the driven member v and its mass m9 rigid impacts
ti ?
$roVeato be inadmissible, but soft impacts (acceleration jumps) do not yet cause
'
'.,eonsiderable. loads (due to slight forces of inertia) , for. formation. of the ?cam pro-
,
Wile use should be made of the same curves, but with the addition of transitional t
? 4 .
r?;sectorb outlined along the arcs of circles; which insure smooth change of velocity.
rErom zero to the constant magnitude and then back to zero? if it; is ne-
. ,
!.;eessary to avoid even soft impacts, this necessity being established by previous
. , ?
eterrii.nation of makimum 'magnitude of the force of inertia, with the impact load
4?
. .
? 4.... 4f, 1 -? : !)
1.1:actor taken into account, and by comparison of this magnitude. with. that. permitted
?
?
?
ljb,y-' the conditions pf durability of ,',.the driven member9 then use, should, be o
the law of movement with a three-period tachogram, For example, it is posSible te
i . ...
tO.o3r the law of constant 4 velocity' with tr8insitional sectors in accordance with ..1 .
, .
. ?. ,.
.,
!
?
?
, :the law of.' movement' with change in acceleratiOn along ? a sine Curve (Table 1 , number
1. '
i . % . ? .
, .
) sinebe this law of movement permits machining of the cam profile by the. kine-
,
?.
? li '. . .
.. ?- e .. ,,., - ..
.,...pla'?D meIn0a0 .:. .
; , d .
?? 1, .. ' - . .. , ? ,, , : ? .. ? . i:
. ..,.
? is. it ...i. neceSsar to obtain minimum velocit of the driven member'
with pLedeteirmin.ed ma
,
and. interval time
',This nstance coincides with the preceding one.
it is necessa321_-_to obtain a minimum magnitude of acceleration
? ' .. ' . 1? t. ," " -Mr -77'"4 , . k. p ? OtVt." ... : '
'
Cif; the driven member with -redetermined mj...E.1.11,...Lukt, of. S. arid t.
----- 4 - 1 , - , .. ---- -------1..----*----3..
. . The minimura magnitud.e of acceieration is obtained with .'he .law of constant
: , . i
?,- . ? . . F
'yelocity?. However, as was pointed 'out above, the load impact factor must WithoutC
. .
..
. f.-'ai'l be t=.;en. into consideration,. this . resulting ir), the eondition of absence of
cE..sler a tion jumps. If there are no halts at the beginning and end of the interval., -'
Fi ,
. ? .
,
rthe . law of movement with acceleration. along a cosine curve Oay 1?e recommended, .since
,
this case accelerations - jumps are absent; maximum acceleration is 'small in ma,gni- ,
i ,
1
ii .?
i? ? . . ? ? ,. ,
iiittlde ;.1-' 4093) v the maxlmum magnittide of the- product of velocity and accelerat-
ins...-14
L
P
1 o
-...Lon which characterizes ?the amount. of torque is ?also sufficiently . small; and the ;.
r,.....,:.....,....................................: .................
ACS A FORA
3 FEB. 56
?.
13A DISSEMINATION FORM 40R INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
? (CONTINUATION SHEET)
?
?
? 4'. r?-t-,- _1
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?
?
TUCT IZANSLATION . .?.
112111VIIR,Z
'
am? profile may, :be .m0.chiiied 'by . the 10.tie ? its .1i e ,b04,.
STAT ??? . ,
,
. . .. ,
)inning and end of the interval, ore .may redommend., the law Of movement 'varying: along
? ? .
kan inclined, sine curve .with the 'parameter b > 0 (for ,example, with ,b ronie1t'
I,
tter results may be achieved with the law of movement with accistei.'0,4,i.. n
?
varying along a trapezium (common 'instance of an asymmetrical acceleration graph).
',,Eowever, .in contrast to the law .of the inclined sine curves this law results in
44 I ?
"form of CRM profile,for.which there-areno sufficiently simple attachments permit-
ting machng by the kinematic method..
4
?
.t is necay to obtain a minimum interval time t With a a ecified ma. itude of
t the forces of inertia bein
which are considered constant
the forces of resistance
?
eed mechanisms with a constant load
, ?
Redu.c)tion. of .the interval time :t,.., with a' specified magnitude of S: ? is 'limited
..p..
1... ,
. . , .. .
. .
by increaBe in *the .amount , of. maximum -,tbecittec,:! The : min4ium. conditionsor'" 'these mag?:
l? ,
"..4 tude,s generally.. o ? not. coincide:0?,?bu.. an:. the instance.iinder id ti us!--
II, t .. . ,? .
? ?? , . A
pally li'alit our'seitteS to, comparison of the laws of. ? movement only 14,-,the;. maii,*im. ' r? f
ii r I . + . .. ? ? .
, ? 4 . , . . . r
irt.i.ra.gn:i..tud.e of dain ..pre0s4re.: on --,the. driiien..metb-Or.o., Then .when .the ?basic ?d:i.Men810.ns:, Of, : i ? .
, ?
? r..$ ? . ,
: ?, , ,.: ?
4,7,he Mec12.anism are: eqUal?. we, assign; i.t;:imaller magnitude ...cif the time i,./iti:Oal, to, 'it4 i . , ?.
,
? .
, 4 . , ? ,
' ii ? . . ,,. ,-.: . ,?: :r... ,- , . , ,.. . ,' ' .....: :?,.. '. 7.-: '..-, .:.,!; , 1 -...'. : , : . .!?,'..' ::.' ; 1. :, I' ' ,:' ,..' 7:. ,. : :, - - , ... ;-, -. ....- -: ..??.,, -: .... ,: t.'., .',.' :; '-,; ';,, t . .
? ? ,
. . . . .
t16.,i S Which havd?:a., corteSpondingly. SMaIle,rf Ma,61,tixcle '. of . the an.sio f . irea'ai.0e.'.., q.,
? ' ? , ? , , I
, ?, ' 1 ? . , ? , ,
? ' _ ? , . ? ? I .
0,'he minimum magnitude of the angle of pressure is obtained with the , law of constant
,
.. v,
.. . ,
,
nclle of Dressure . which in the case of .progressively moving cylindrical camp .00in-' .
b - 9 .
de's with the law of constant velooiye, In the case of rotating 'disc cams without -
,
? aisDlacein:z-it the cam profile with constant angle of pressure is in the. form Of a ?
; ? .
,t
rftogarithm-'...c spiral, which cannot be macb.ined simply ,.tanough bsr,,, the kinematic Method
.
. . 5 ,
1
in additton'9'prO,49.0es; t40,.??beginning and end of moyement Even
. ir.7.1ore complicated.:?curVes'.8,:e ,,,Obt01:).,,ct litii4ied4a.iiiallis Wieth,displacethenta or;'? iiiie 'Liven
p ? ,. ,
?
'hember arisi in the case of a rotating driven members the rigid impacts -being -:?r- etairied.! '
,, ? , ., ?
.. , . .. t..
tittertqe,, in the case of .rotating ditc.:,A;ams, :aia,plication of ..the law of constant ?angle
, . , . ? ? ,
;1 ,
?
1.)ressur.'e \logaritiimic spiral) withobt transitional ,sectors 'cannot :be.:':red(immende..4,,.
,
1 t ?
? . ,. '
. . ? . .
. ?
. y ?
, ? ' '
: 1Since soft impacts '014epermiSible::1A.,:tQn0e441ilo of the weak ' forges Of -.;:141,P7041 4-0
,
1 ,
k?thould be made of. profiles cOnsisting;of 8,76s .:of pirC:les: 'with -tr.an4tionall .s.e0,03,7s . ? c
- . ? \
,
,
,
insure smooth Change ve Oci y, if the machining'? is done by the -kinematic
. .
.,.inet,hoCa_iri ttachMentS, it. is . also possible to employ the law of movement .with.,40,cele:rt4
!I
ilec:.-,,emarslowir.arrumaika eam -..,1,5?0=1,==...EASET-ANXIX.i!nrenti011e.rina".".
?. ?
4 ? ?
-'\cs1F?Rm 13A. DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE' TRANSLATION
C FEB. 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
. . .
_
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP8i-nin4nPnn9Annn7rmr-11
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.? ? .
Declassified in part _ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
8
? .?;' ? '??????:"?'.'7."'??? ???? ? ';;", ?? ?
?
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
r _
!'" ?- ??., .1- -.,??1 1 1, \
, . ? r . . .
yi;,.... ,.., 1* , ?, /'
0 ??
?
, ?
,
. ,
, . ,. ?, ?''11?1?
v. 0,..; 1., ' - 77-7" ' -..-1 .1.. ' ,..,-(,t,-,,,?.1 ,Aripeh?Inne...0, , ,,,V41 ? ,k1 . ,11!:,
30, ,:;.,-.0.,). 0; ., ,..);._,--?.;' 1?1' ' : ,111'? ' :- ; ?? -.- ":".'1' .' ?????,114'"'." ?1.;..r . ',11:.: ? 4.........,....,, , . - ? ? / . ?
, . ?
.
? - ?
?
\
I.
?
?
`111.ANSLATION
NIrMalktlew
. . ?
.P.AGE BER
, . .
52
ation changing along .a cosine curve with i > 0.5 i,; .6 .0.9: , with 44 . 6,i0:11p,Otrics-A-rfaCho-
? .?
. . . . .
. .
a ? ? I ? ?
? , I ? ?
gram and maximumpf. Velocity displaced. towards . the end of the 'ititerval. (Table 1,
number 8),) Finally, if the profile ...s to be tachine,(.1, 'by the copying method., .it is . !
, p.ossible i.4*o employ a combination of .the law of?,co'nstant. angle ofi)te'sSu..T.:. e..*(loga-
ithmic spiral) .!,with., trrs'xisitibnaL eeetors 'aecordine:to-the law of ccinOtatit' 'acceler- .
1,ationo ' ..., ? , . . ',.
. , .
i
tit is. nectps.sati .,..tv.,,obtain a .rainiraut %interval time- t,,.21_.t.taLstsifi_e..edi ma. k't,,,.2s1.2.2.L'
1-- ,
il?..rs the' forces of inertiA ..122.1.ndarison to the forces of"'.1besistance
11 I ? loaded mechanists)
V! ?
, .
rIn?? thi s ? caP..a.., the .IaW, .of(m.oveme.x( with ,acceleration -:along a cosine carve, hml?
1; . . ? ? '. ? ..? .? (?
?ibeug : . ? ? ? .
ab S 'b. a.- t1.1.0 beginning and end of thovemeilt;':, arici'.1-10-?:;:lavti.,Of ? .ttipletineht along. an
?
?!?11() 1 ir.i.e,c1 1.,...plivOt.-.(.1r> ? 0)?.'-.With..:, movement- .:11.alt?S., are 1.6.:..be'..recomiiiencleih'?'-'''''?
. '
The reoottheridal?gns;,,,i.n.dca,tecL 1)04 .:the five instariceS,
i,,, 1 ,inVe'stigaiteitc'.VeSain main...-
. , 'i-'?
r
,. , ?
1 ? ? ? r
,
ay: to .th.e cam i gears Of,k!automatic Tiadhines; , for drives- it is neOessattltd'investigate - . . . .;
N. . . . . .
. n Oditfor. such, pharacteristictY,aS.Athpaat in gap transition, amount of "time -,..?. sec- i
' ..., .
?
1 , 1
..?..,
4ition ?c
etc.:. ? ? Orecver i they a ? re ,juStiffablei,ofily in ? fulfilitikt .of: the'tOndi.tion8
.; .
1,.Eiptissed in. thd , assignient:?(ratio.,of the, forces of inertia' to the foroed'or-ile-is
, : . ;
;
t
knee ? etc'' ,,, . In.,,,'.6he. 41),,..en1 of .....deviiati.OtUfrom...-..hese.-..cOnditiOn 9 :?foill'''-exajiiiiT in''t-a:se. of.''.?
q . . . i
. ,
.' .
.:, , ? r I lu ,
: creasint.T. or ...deOre*s;#1g..'ford'e of..-,ieSittari.*.' it ? is necessary ? 'to''' make ?'ii....ifiO:re.:?.detaile0,1
It ? . . ? , ....I..
.. ? ,,, L , , ? I ? ? ; ? ? ? !I
I .
. D ? ? . r
I ? . ?.
? i'?:: otrop ar 1. a (Y.:i,.). of the..,.ohareot..eristioe?l?'Of-lhe-:.:var.tous laws of MoveM6-ia..64,11Se. being . made of
.1
.. . .. .. . . ..3
t.,
% . 4
? . 1 ,
? 13.1'..it. condlusiolas. foriuiated 'cluri-ng;,Ifilvatt.igatioii. Of 'each, individual' oharactetistido
.. .,:i
. .;.i
?.i?
. .,i
i.
. ] '
11
1,
1:I "r)
'..1. ''. j'.:1:- 7 . "'' ... ? ''.; ? .. ' ....: '..,, .., 4 . ? ,
: ... ... .. r ? ,1. " : 1 ' 1 11 : 1:1' .. ' '.: 1.1 : :';' .r?: ' ? . s i
I. :1
9,
.1.
t t;
. il' _.? !i: ,M. 3 t 1;* r r;.:,..e';1,?' .:10. :... ;11.1:...-.....1,.4%!
,' ... 1..". 1. .,?:':?::?"1,,t," ?. '1? .. Al :. ,:. 1,.. v. :? ?. ; ? :::.: 1,..1 !..), 31 If:. V' :s.U: .:',,:; , '.!?:''? '.i. u
a,
1 ,
h .
. )1 '.-. 4'.'..
?
...1. ': ' ' ? .1 . , 1I .:.:' . '? ; '''
11.
;11 ?
; ' ?.. ? . r:.ti : : ? ..
?... . , .. ? .,,, . ::. ;? ?.. , /
,4 :1
? '? ,
? ', . r,;:'H- !,. ...,i, ? ??? * 7. 1 ? ? ??? .. . . , ?? ..1.? I. I , *..1% ', ? '?? ? ; . '..1' t
41
!?''
; ';?;'
.0
.;
i '': ? .. ; .i '''.: ?? ' ? ? .....1';''i 7' . '? '.? ' : ' '; ? , ' .4' ' i'
? i
?
..;
..r.
;
;?
? ' ' . ' 'I ' ? ? . ,;. ;.. . '
. . . . , ? , ? ; , ????' ? ? ; ; ' ; : ? .. ,r ,. ...' t...', ,'
.:,
'.1
3 i
,
t1
,? - . .,! .,
' ?.. ..!'''....., ,r,i.' ;'' ??;I '!,:;: : : ,??
, r : . . ,
. -,' ? ,
.;.
,... ,-1.::-.... i. -. .
..
.
1: ..:.?,:- ??!,.. ,_ .? '1,1',!. . ? : ..? ? . ',?
I I ? . .? (.1
. ,
?4
V
,5 o' .. ?
i ?? , ? ? . I. ./
; I, ? I ?
??2 ? ii
q
'3.? ' ;.,' :
JX0 WTZMI
'CS 1 FORM 13A . ?PISSE4NATION 'FORK .FOR:INTIELUG4k4CE TRANSLATION. ..
S 56- (CONTINUATION SHEET) ,
?
:.? 7:: V'
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
.?
1
-4AMEL.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
EL1,5,GE.,n ( SLATION
?
?
,i+15,10votan
. ? . ?
AGE NUMBER
3:6 Z. ZAIORENK ,
S TAT ?
10,I,q)40BLEMS. IN THE WHERE OF VOLUMETRIC AUT6uATtC:g;i:DRidliie:t1 TitANIYITSPT*4 IL . ,
,001,.. ' : ... ' ? ? . . . .
. VOIlliti4ThkeigilAo transmissiOns for progressive and rotarove.M0;have bi
,
I!
i
,k
(come one of the baiid 'means of ,automation of work processes? . .
_
i
!,
i
, However't;lhe MaSority.of the designs of hydraulic transmissions are completed 4
!
2
i
'experimela,allys, and much time ia consumed in experimentation?
Further development of volumetric. automatic hydraulic transmissions in mechan
aI engineerin4-reqUites a sharp rise of the level of scientific research work to
Oleet increaSed industrial needs? ScIlmtists and designers must solVe 4. number of.
lvery complicated. problems embracing the. Complex of scientific-theorstio cOnstruc7
.ionalo and production questions of general importance which pertain to rotary motion'
1-Iyaraulic irives; control and adjustments distribution 9 and reversible devices; and
A
A
1
5
4
z
Incraase of the pressure in the hydraulic system should be noted as one Of the
principa:, directions of further development of hydraulic transmissions?
} 1 -
'
At ',1) pkesent time, operating pressures not exceeding 50 to 70 kgiom2 are em-
d
:oloyed ::1 die majority of the hydraulic systems of machines except those in aircraftl
[
'clydrauh,
,,racking systems*
'press cObstruction* Possible doubling of the pressure will make it possible to
1
lreduce the diittterS of the Operating cylinders by y' tim469 and accordingly the 0
fl
lweight of the .*AraUlic transmission alto* .
?! ?
-Inereasik4 the 'presdure poses tht problem of perfecting seals for proe8siVe-
Jknd
I
rotary -0"ioho Experience hs shown that the difficulties connected with the
a
iz!reation of
ure alo in
rnent of the
,
?
,
?
,,e,)f. hydraulic transmissions and pit.e4nes
A
1 ? The mmenclature of the functional hydraulic assemblies being'produte4 at spe-
1
, . ? ? .
, .
k.71,,alized i)lahts shoUld he extende4 primarily through creation 'of modifications of
1 g
,
_c)aric h"drulio assemblies9 on the princiDls of standardization and unification*
4 , , .
1 .1
, 2
NUCch att-smtion'should be devoted to ,perfection of the teChnology of production of .
, ..
, .
,
hydrau1i,mchanisms0. Work aimed at creation of model hydraulic transmissions fithould
A
;
$
1
u
reliable and wear-resistant seals can be overcome? Increasing the pre----
i necessary the conduct of scientific research work aimed at improve-
11 ?
P
filtration of pressure fluids and at selection of materials' for the parts1
lend in thoir standardization?
Amort.-1 the scientific and technical questions of general importance9 the probleml
FORM,
?L?; .!
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INIEWGENCE TRANSIATION
(coik.FriNUATION SHEET)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043Rn7annn7nnn1Jz
Declassified in Part- Sanitized OO 2Y APPT..ovel for Release
?..mmimmommmL;Iv7 4
DP81-01043R002400070001-3
xoef 4;e
4(0
.?,???4).
?
",f,."..411"nr4sPasevo?womtwrammir.simmowacizrefivxm.1.1
1:11.44r11 A.A.' ION
.---4.....z......1,.:,....,,........,,,?
. . . . . ,? . STAT
of rigidity and VilgrationSAnjw4raulic.drives iiii)art,icular.dhouId .t!le singled out;
. ,
has notyet been studied With sufficient thoroughness4 Nevertheless, draulic'
. ,
;ay tems are strongly subject o vibrat1ons15 this having its effect 6.'the'accuracy
;
PAGE NUMBER
.54.
operation of the machines and, the quality of the articles machined,
?$Omz factors affecting reduction of the intensity of vibration can be explained
4
i.)J the example of a hydraulic system (Figure 1) including an adjustable pump 1 and
4.nerat1ng cylinder 2. If we ignore the mass of the pressure fluid, we may consider
ithe vibrations of the piston as,vibrations of the system with one degree of freedom,
'assuming that the piston, which is loaded with a force 119 is at a certain instant
? .
'taken as the beginning of the reading momentarily relieved until loaded with a load
i ?
1
IR , which corresponds to the velocity v . The piston of the operating cylinder is
, 1 o , o , ? , . . .
?
'acted upon by a force of resistance (load to be overcome) whioh? generally speakinv
)
is a functi u of the .veloatY of,the oscillatory motion of 4th,1418:011440.sing as a .
q
? 4
,
Lcesultcof the compressillility of the pressure fluid (Figure 2),,This function may be!
E
4
i
1 1 t.
trepresenta e 4 raylor" series, in which the terms with powers exceeding unity are
,
,
,
,
. :
0Ascardeci, ,
r!
pi g
s
(VC) 14 (X? vo) 9jv )
.?
7. ?
. 4.
-
, ?
11
11
. ?
P
. ,
Chokeo
-
ad.aitiohl 'the piston ie aolia ail by the force of reSiStande, whidh is ,the
-sDiagr'aml of Ha s?hydr,Allia? transmissiong ? ? ? ,
?
cult of friction of the mechanical parts and which may similarly be represented by
i
ance aviIng On the_piston will be
he folluwinquationg
If 7.Ne des..
14.744,
vo)cP2(vo)
?rt:s FORM ?
3 FEB. 56
R. A. (a ?)(x`
=OW
V0 ) 0
1'
?74,I
9
0 AO
the resulting force of resist-
341411iNIVC.M313,
ISA DISSENINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SIMI'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-FMPR11r1nA,31nAnW.,
001110qP44,14.01.101:2141=Or.:44=X-SOS. 4%1, '
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___?....___,....4rcrssamemostpuswesancespossoci'apsesscrsjoinicp..
? "
iscescosgaszasaussocsansummassairssuss.
satimosessm,ss;?,,,..4
Apr,. '
STAT
t
,
o
li The oscillation .process of such a system, Oith the compressibility-of the pressA
. ;
,
Ore fluid and:lOaks. taken into account but pith hydraulic resistande left out of
0.. .
. 0 .
0
fJaocount, 1ay 30:.:64#1idteriied by tht linear differential equation with a right mem-
,,(1 ?
V
k..ber:
,1
.I .
il
.....
_ .:../,... -72 /
,.,
iI T2 . .
d ,
ll ' ....7. reri 46 cc 4 or) Arqtti
,., i. 1
,.???
? li
,, ,........... ,....... .../.... ......,.,...,.... . ....,2........0. v t i,4
? ?,, , j ?
. ? .
. . ,.... , n
' v
,.
, .
1
!
FiguTe 2. Curve of the velocity of oscillation of a piston.
1 0. Zone of falling characteristic
Here a and lr are the tangents of the angle of slope of the characteristics of
?the forces of 'resistance.
,4
ap-141
!) .
.t.i.
--?,..7r..1...? ..,0,. .1) .
, ., 0
rs'5 4ss
Av)
Ti
R
T2
X
fiSf 1tMlf
.t?J ?
p.7. the rigidity of the hydraulic transmission according to velocitY;
is the load on the piston;
to
7
-- the ri
Meat;
idity of the hydraulic transmission according to displace-
.
,
M is the. mass of the parts being displaded;
V.
Il
the 'velocity of displacement of the piston, corresponding to the load Ro
avjj the fall in velocity as a result of leakage of the pressure fluid upon
change of load from R0 to R,
_
If 117. characteristic of the forces of resistance in the vo field is falling,
Es,gativel, and if the characteristic falls steeply enough t an instance is
rlossible er A (Or,
,
, ' 2
i
.. .
The fstom.then falls'into auto.oscillation? the intensity of which may be ref-,
, 4
,
,
0.12cted by increasing the mass My as well as by the Inclusion of hydraulic resistance
. . .,,..?
.2:11311:ftr.Ttt?hartrraras....100SUS;a01?11411
F01111
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELUGENCE TRANSLATION
c 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
ETTVIESiAITON PAGE NUMBER
r
STAT
In the ystemo.. 'The ,.la'.bter s,,Oh4ev,ed 9 'f.pr,. sts4110.9: ,by :setting the OhOkfz'o 3 in
50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
the rod recess of the oylinder 2 (Figure 1) In order to avoid unnecessary expendi-
lcure of power when the hydraulic transmlssion is Operating at larger valUee Of vo
ahoke is connected with .the pump consumption change mechanism in such a way that
1
1 vh n li increases, the choke .opening becomes larger6.
q i;
.. i
Atto.-oscilittion processes frequently occur in hydraulic tran0404iOns-Whin
? S-! d
i
various 0 .of valves .are installed in theme, In this instance it is necessary to
.,-
qnvestigate oscillation of the systems with two or more degrees of freedom the order
of the differential equations being increasedc, The most typical examples Ahould be
,1
subjeutevJ to analysis
tical importance may be made The solution to this problem should contain a general
'theory of Tibrationa in hydraulic transmissions, methods of calculations,
lstructional measures for dealing with vibrations in the mechanisms of machlneso
The following principal directions in the sphere of scientific research and ex-
9erimental works may be distinguished for the piston, slide valve, and gear'patips
on the basis of which veneral4zinff conclusions of great prac-
in hydraulic transmissions, the majority, of which are reversiblet
Research of the phenomenon of wear and of the fact/ors on which the efficien
thc pumps depends. This research should end in the creation of designs of
1:%.u.mps ard motors which are wear-resistant under conditions of operation of
the lattGr
at high pressures and which are capable of insuring reliability of operation of au:-
.1
..reducing th6it dimensions
.V
,ThoU-0.-.*#..dyof the proCesses of intake and forging of pumps In order
[
ati machin
Resoaroh aimed at increasing the speed of pumps and motors with the a
!sure the:ir quiet operation at hightvpeeds as well as study of,. the.40gree Of
,
I i
larity both of feed in pumps:and:of rotation for motars should be proiiaed for in
'tbe plalL for such work?
. z
'
Oreation of compaet and effective rotary motion hydraulic transmissions
Lor
main dives up to 100 kilowatts in:power and for lowpower dri.ves (up ,to kilowati:te
h E.,,-,7=e employed for various purposes of, automation (automatic di
rns roion of articles and.tables)
7-
;Laing sys
A
The C.evelopment of automaic change of speed of ro,tary.motion...bydratilic trans.
ii?naccordin
t ?
to a,spesified law by means of regulation aocording.tooappropria-
4.1.42.1XUSUJON80118110ZIONS.08.8.07,04
p,csi FORE! 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
ni.-73. 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
V
vc-Aso---0
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Declassified in
Part - Sanitized Co .y Ap roved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
i
? .
?,?.........?..M.-.....?. ?.,..,...........r............or,...... AG mum"? '''' '
rp mtv GE IRAMLATiOli ' .. ? . ? . .
..
parameters shOlkd be in.O.lided* the plan for Such :work.. STAT.
i
:
k ,
n 'cof the,probIlus' enumerated will 'require t4eperte.0*
,
i
It
of pumps nd M
aOtor4 and the investigation of .hew designs . , One. of the 0 cto
040ruinal
? ,,,,
, solutions: wIlich, insureincrease i,n, 'the resistance to wear of. piston pumps and motors ,
, .
Jis slide-valve distribution accomplished directly by the pistons themselves. In
this ease , the law of change of opening f the slit through *doh the pressure'fluid 1
?
ia the same as the law of change of expenditure
fluid being forced or taken in bj the, piston, displaced 90? and representi
curve (Figure 3) For this reason, the speed of the .pressure fluid passing through
rme sixt, of th4 nontr9111AR piston is constant, and, consequently,. looking of the
r re
?oil is theoretically eliminated.
t.:
Figure 3. Curve of the change of opening of the slit through which the pressui*
ae distributing piston Imsseso
- total flow, of pump; 2 - graph plotted for ang
per. oeephd .
,
Thee ha's been developed on this principle at the Experimental Scientific Re-
v, in meters
ke4rch.lni'ltitute for Lathes a designof a high preedure and lb*-coOsUmption pur4
which ha run for approximately 6000 hours at a pressure of 100 ca2Inthe
rtion of the materl,als for the pump,: it was found that a cdmbinati,on of:38KWYUA
steel for the block and SKR-15 steel for the pistons is the mostweetreistant.
!
It may be assumed that such a design may be employed for high pressures up to
200 and 11-ore kgicm2 and for consumptions reaching 400 liters per minute.
Jt;
The following circumstances hinder extensive employment of rotary motion hydrEm,'
;
kCSI FORM.
.E. ? FEB. 56
?
L.
DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGEKE TRANSLATION
(coffriNuATioN sHgEn.
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27:
altrormrectui
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'
fr**74mozet1=442,1%1440144444.614,4uWiprict. 4r4tri.;#414444sAliwanleipoixelspaiers4reatoinowentho
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ovil;4.#44:1440.404,1444440444simeozsgsalseus
AGE NUMBER
;S
? STArw""*"4"
lic transmissions in mechanical Pngi4eering:
a) the difficulty of achieving a high efficiency, since the transmission con-
,
llsts of .P1., paii5 'and: Motor, production of the efficiency of which isdetermined by ther
,yo'arall efficiency of the transmission;
the large overall dimensions, which complicate the installation of hydraulic
,ransminLors in machines.
A do,Agn of a hydraulic transmission utilizing the differential principle of op-(
'(g.'ation IPigue" 4) May be noted as one of the new solutions. A design of the spati,,
type umed as the basis of this hydraulic transmission, the body of the pump er.di
no17,017 belly United in one block i which is rotated by the gears from the
drive sh8:2t
?
)epending on the slope of the washer 3 (the angle of slope of the washer 4 is con-
VAcire may be two instances of operation of the 'transmission:
4.. Diagram shoving principle of operation of a differential hydraulic
?transmislong
v
." , ?
? Po.. .
la with speed regulation for deceleration:
v
D
ga
;
M p
1
With td&IAtibri'for'addeleratiOni
t?.
2\
)4
ih pump
is the mechanism
M M
m P
P
p Pv
P. P qv)
b - overflow to tank.
? ? ,
nearest the exit shaft 2 of the transmissions
of oil forced by it being directed towards the motor, the effective torque
the
yZia)
of c!h is added together with the torque :(11 ) transmitted to the block by the
;4
drive e
j
Ation of speed in this case is possible only in the direction of reduction
ra, .
pro
pump is the mechanism separated from the exit shaft of the transmissions
a Mtn7q-a7.,- 1,tte.1-
,117,Z. FORM
53 FEB.
vie
'!13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELUGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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illet.prilalasaletrWmaika?Robacneca.......11R,'
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? tam. &ter,. qt ffirior34, 4401rati7Call.r.TINTKUWATA..011..KTININUMOWSNIS.V.,$.3.1%PlrAltrern
Eq.SLATiON
?
int.ammomeammurhmi,....a.a.icw.port4704,..0446,,rp?co.ow
tthe stream ..of oil forced by it 'being ,directed. towards. the notor, the tprque of. which
is pomperpOed by thiA.oad
C.
Re&dation of sped in this case is possible only in the direction of increase
The principle of the
Linorease
differential hydraulic transmission makes it possible to
the efficiency in the zone of medium speeds, when the hydraulic transmissio4
operates as a clutch, and to design a compact transmission capable of operation at
Ja high soeed, without the fear of accelerated wear of the distribution devices.
At same time some of the features of the principle of hydraulic transmisa-
.11 gs'
of th: type, to which the following belong, should be borne in mind:
The ?increase in the power transmitted through the pressure fluid9 as well aF
greatast possible degree of irregularity of rotation of the exit shaft when ito
:need t3 reduced (Figures 5 and 6); this power, without allowance for losses in the
bransmiclion and the degree of irregularity of rotation are expressed by identical
'ormulafL Aich have the folio
..
rfor deceleration
!g!
ing form: for operation of the hydraulic transmissio.
. (E.
g 1);
- npv
opertion of the hydraulic transmission for acceleration
COP ?Ste
rat 4,01
cur cra
CA oar.
Po,),
Pv
here i the power transmitted through the pressure fluid;
N tho power transmitted by the transmission;
, .
p i the ?nimber of revolutions of the block per minute;
.Ls the number of revolutions of the exit
CD
max min
-- the greatest possible degree of irregularity of rotatioa
shaft per
minute;
thp exit shaft of a differential hydraulic transmission;
and0 i ? are the greatest and smallest Possible angular velocities
mn
,:zit shaft;
(07i the average angular velocity of the exit shaft;
0
of th3
the greatest possible degree of irregularity of rotation of an ordinary
ulic transmission having constructional parameters identical with the
,_lfferential ? hydraulic transmission under consideration.
i-,44.472CVICJEMP1=1/0,... ?? CC. 4..74...,4?==?2113
ACS FORM
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13.A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
? (CONTINUATION SHEET)
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nn,n111..,2n *
rn, r
I ;i"?`1".;',71T'?' ? " '
. .
-PlIgm*X1t0911q******4=7.211.=*urtrtftvan*ZOI*111*************10*******
It folio ten r14.;
!draulic tr,Fnemisgtions In' the zone of low siDeeds is not advantageous
,r,A713ase in the power transmitted by the pressure fluid and to the d
JGy of rotation?,
lItflS
PAGE': .NUMBER
STATtittne*VASS.AlittiMans:r4.1**1
n#4., 115).7-7
due to the in-
gree of irregula,
The necessity of changing the direction of rotation of the entrance shaft
order to :reverse the exit shaft as well as the impossibility of installing the
ipup anc, t motor at a distance from one another?
4,11(audeF ellvis speed regulators,
hydraulically and electrically controlled slide
reversible slide-valve devices, as well as the most customary combinatimil
The group of control-and-regulation distribution, and reversible instruments
,71 el r's'
these urdtS? hydropanels.
At t1:6z present time, this group of instruments has to a great extent been stand
-dized b7 the Experimental. Scientific Research Institute: Thr Lathes', and ,this has
,
14tfttleil,r41,
1.1
Wf"
it p'qsible to arrange for their serial production,
The onploymeni of these instruments produced without
esembly ,:4.Ld disassembly; in the event of any defect they
pipes greatly simplifieo
can be rapidly replaced,
particularly important in automatic machine lines.
a :),rection followed in domestic mechanical engineering of equipping machinea '
ith hydrattlic devices with low speeds of displacement of the operating Members(drilll
Orkg and boring machines, lathes, milling, and other machines), which is based on the
1 n , ? ? .
le=loyment of continuous consumption pumps with choke regulation, requires the. don
Owl; of::?saearch and ? design work aimed at the achievement of stable minimum con-
,
Jauthption ,.4f 25 to 30 ct3imin. Solution of this problem will insure reduction of tha
dimensioylsaild weight of hydraulic motors,
1
Jc'onstructiona features of valves contributing to reduction of the intensity of osci-
Illation, '1!lie- most -suitable methods of damping the. valvos. and the most perfected do-
Resloarchttiet2WprOvia6d"ReVaiiVasY y06.0f-*aIlieb geb.
thewy ?of oscillations of hydraulic transmissions, with the aim of olarifyirit the
Hi 1 for them must be found, and a method of calculation must be developed.
Fairly well-tested, reliably functioning hydraulic diagrams and functionil as-
? i
semblieo
--e being employed for the hydraulic equipping of a group of automatic mach-
Rnes forming autokatic.machine'lines 'Control devices in which control by slide
IvalvOs
rcgulating the cycle proceeds from the cam i
shaft should be employed n instgic
,c ?
'.1,V.I.V2,-,10.3.1MGISMIII611WWKIVWZIW.1.3,17==r1
AC'S! FORM
8 FEB. 56
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13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR, INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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sk It
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?
woRmirmiare.60;qousounkt
? .
. ,
itr.431.27r.mmurtusuntroansmanu;urcxatimperit!e.a.mtnlotF;osforaU2:4cese,ftrainarmes'asm.
. , ?
PAGE NUMBir"
STAT
11051?4112(WCWIT,Ditv,ilk,
where, due to, ektensiire saturation of, a compleS Of 'automatic 'Machines, with,. draulic
,w4441,,
assestbILD8 controlled by electric or hydraulic means, sufficient reliability of opvr,'
insured,' This makes it possible to reduce the number of
solenoids and to increase the reliability of operation of
of further constructional development and perfection of
models of which have been developed in the Experimental SC:,J)n
ation of the machines is not
. ,i. .....
I . _
. . .. .
. .
. Iregulating slide valves and
, . .
i
.the stem, -There. ip need
1
isuch devites?..the first
ltific Reosearch Institute for Lathesp
1
?
i
Fioxe 5, Graph of the relationship of the power of differential and ordinarz'
hydraulic transmissions to the angular velocity of the exit shaft:
1 - Operation for deceleration; 2 - operation for acceleration; 3 q A
4
?
Pv - P; 5 ..Pv0
6, Graph of the relationship of the degree of irregularity of rotation
of differential ahd ordinary hydraulic transmissions to the angula2
velocity of the exit shaft:
1 - Curve of operation of differential hydraulic transmission for 0e-
celeration; 2 - Curve of operation of differential hydraulic trans-
mission for acceleration; 3 - ordinary hydraulic transmission; 4 -
CZ,b
6(5 ;
P' " P; 7 ma
V ?
ReiT:vsal of the operation of hydraulic transmissions is frequently necessary f.n
4
insufficiently perfected reversible derices it causes hydmi;
lautonatif2, machines? With
IV?:,,S1 FORM
?
i!
I !
t;!
;!
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imillinsamoriaaNICIII-ditylatdr-1..Mffig.afainkiwohstiterriniZSAIPM
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(COM/NATION SHEET)
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UV r\CLA. LAT.! ON rp-orizn-gr.
62
lic impacts, irre lar displacement of the oper4ting members ? and marked IsTkPrunning0
importance is assumed in connection with this by research work on the stu-
of hydraulic impaetv hich occurs upon braking of the moving mase 6 of a machine,
dr k4rWAci energy of which, depending on the reversal conditions, is to a'gre4er
IwIser al:Aent transformed into potential energy of deformation of the compressed rAz-4
70?,4
pipelines
Studies made at the Experiment@ Scientific Research Institute for Lathes of
&, of the pressure of hydraulic impact to braking time for a closed pro-
ressive lOtion hydraulic system of transmission with an adjustable pump have shown
at when the. braking time is reduced, the pressure of the hydraulic impact?increasu4
?2.t camaot ;mooed the magnitude
C the constant of the system which characterizes its resilience
th braking time t
0, all the kinetic energy of the moving masses is
.,:nnsfonlad into potential .energy of deformation of the pipelines and pemprested fl
Tre 76 Curve of transfzrmation of kinetic energy into potential energy in
relation to the braking time
TM .c,T3rk in this direction should be continua. so .as to culminate in the creat-
.on,of a mf3thod of computing the. magnitude of the pressure occurring upon hydraulic
naktt a:n.dQr various conditions (systems) of reversal, and in constructional messurosl
?
or
periction of reversible devices, of great importance for which is research work
13A ENSSEMINATiON FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
:4
c4T. 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET}
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?
rtu, tr r vcr.. ...%.4.1r tAra060+, OA. 1011rig.A.enially.SSWIT, Yr.} VA111. i?traltnCr. 3r197.Va MeV ikri74.061.
. , . STAT
on establishments Ok.the4ermiisible .me:gnitudOsok.:acceler,ation of the operating mem-
?AGeDUIADE147".'''**61""j"
63
thers of the machines arid on study of the losses of energy upon reverilal.
= ,
Hydraulic tracking systems are an important means of automation of production
Irocss in mechanical engineering, since they posses the following very essential
a) 1ight inertness which does not affect the accuracy of operation;
) iyl* possibility of achieving by comparatively simple means, complicated di
acent of the operating members varying in accordance with the required law;
c) of operation and resistance to wear.
Dep
the fa t that hydraulic tracking devices began to be employed for the ,
machines as early as the seventies of the last century ;the first use of
ayC.rauh'boosters on the ships of the Russian Wavy belongs to this period), yet at
pi: i; time there is still no Yaluable theory of these devices. In this.respect[
he hydr JAG engineers have lagged far behind the electrical engineerso
Quo-lions of static calculation of hydraulic tracking devices, in the field of
JEAch sfilicant experimental work has been conducted, have been subjected to more
1-4orough tudy. For this reasons development of dynamic methods of calculation: on
0:0 -,4! a theory of automatic regulation and a theory of oscillations should be
an important problem for hydraulic tracking devices. A theory of hydrau-
li tracLing?devices should be developed with allowance for the compretsibiiitr Of
pretre fluid. since .the modulus of elasticity of?.the latter is 100 times small
than _a Modulus of elasticity of steeL. This feature-of the pressure fluid' is
vxue occurrence. of various types Of oscillations, which point was 'Men-
;Arled
Tho v6tem?of classification of hydraulic tracking devices shown in-figUre.3
levj he :1.?Qmthended- at the present timed
TI'f. in
ilfiaant sucCeis has been achieved of late in domestic machine tool conitruc-R
development and employment of slide-valve tracking devices? New9 origi-
des:? of copying devices have been developed for iithes and milling and Tecial
Rowever, we do not yet have the exact characteristics and indices of all
-7'. ? h /Th .t CE.Ct
t
? /
and this complicates selection of the best designs.
Que,ns 0 concerning selection of the most rational constructional forms and di
ilvm5iono o.? slide valves stress gnalysis for their displacement and the design of
7,':z.; FORM
FEB. 56
08,84.=.1.10M.010.214404.16,101160.2MOOMPONWA.Ifti~tUfts,
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
? ov-.11,1,:v.,,,,ctinva.e.,kswfwbuir 4!bet,,,entUt.01.111isar,kUtulatatexmniCgt,l'Wtialrf tratIztapv4TMON#4
. . , .
.
? ? ? ?
?4
PAGE ? 1,)111167"'---
64
3011,"2041*?,,"04.eni?..,4,40.0,01,W;1610=1/SneVIPTItlia"arg404.1=4,0130.:.01,464 eii0126/0140,00.;""KgMaKISW6.4* 1,,e$03WWW*1"4".61"""! tagliM1017001W1.0.:Matiertt4,16.,MOVII2U
? STAT
iamping devices, accuracy of oPeration? end optimum amounts of pressure in hydraulic
'trnoking systems have not been studied with sufficient thoroughness. The well-known
puiouat ydraulic tracking devices should be designed for low pressures (up to
kg/cd co that significant oscillations may be avoided, cannot be considered
.lotant_ted, since there are tracking devices which operate with pressures up to
FiAte 8. Classification of hydraulic tracking devices.
- Hydraulic tracking devices; 2 - Devices for reproduction of a master
form profile on the part being machined (copying devices); 3 - Devices with.
adjustable pump; 4.. Slide-valve devices; 5 - Continuous control; 6
tormittent control; 7- Devices with tracking displacement of the operatii
;ambers by one coordinate; 8 - Devices with tracking displacement of the
Dperating members by two coordinates; F - Direct action; 10 - Indirect
'0,ort; 11 . Xvices for insuring the displacement of machine assemblies
(boosters); 12 Devices with adjustable pump; 13 - Slide-valve devices;
- 'Devices Mr syn hi'dtiblie'rbtatiOn.of'tWi) or'tbre"dhif4tWt5 leV1ce6
-Jith adjustable pump; 16 - Slide-valve devices.
As been stated lide-valve devices have been employed the most extensivz3
king devices But the increase in speeds and operating forces caus0
the ). qier development of mechanical engineering will require the development
are pou?:!_ul hydraulic tracking systems for which the slide-valve principle will
?rove to unsuitable due to the significant losses of power in choking the pressun:'0
le development of hydraulic coping deices with an adjustable pump should
Sollan of this problem #111 require the surmounting of a humber of difficultiav)
C.:....-certne,WIASerSzr ...ICS:vs-4,J. ',ITU ....C.r0OVIlatraM:21.01114T
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR iNITELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
? ? ?? ,..,:vv.?11...w..........minwram....ruan*Atonett,vesorcdsoro.novs,ryiwkroosaat
'!' PitISLAT,ION '
L, .casovvrozubunrniaolor awitrurgfite4vorMeMulasa,"a0Mow
among which wesehould Count first of all the influence of leaks in the adjustable
pump pnhe accuracy of operation of the tracking devices9 particularly in operation
,
.411; low tracking speeds. In slide-valve devices leaks in the pump do not affect th2
operatim of the system, since the pump operates on a valve.
Hydraalic tracking devices should be adopted more extensively in the future in
mine and machine tool construction. Devices for the synchronous rotation of
emeJ or mor a shafts in heavy machines may become industrially important.
IndlAstrial employment of an "electric shaft" is observed in the field of elecrc -
dr:i,vrs but almost no /fork is being conducted at the present towards creation or
nottertingtratofirst/illiletWININA,1?4.,,,turli
PAGE DIUMBER
STAT .
.cy) ?
przeMwoostletwavmsasinosA
iydrapLiAl shaM
In ,:inclusion vs shall note the necessity of further development of hydraulic
for changing machine sppeds, the required magnitudes of which may be
pr?determ!nea (preselective controi)9 as well as for the blocking of mechanisms and
,Itiomptol of the operation of clamping9 indexing and conveying devices.
Ekr Slat 12, or
?fr, ? ? ?
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13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
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(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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Declassified in Part- Sanitized Cop Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
,mazuvESIorc.4"Ver,P.41ZUartte....LVA, it:cfilatl:1901,1-"NO1=14c00.*-11:90101.VVIPSONFHIMPOIrkatellt/
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AGE NUMBER
BASHTA
HIGH PRESSURE HYDRAULIa DRIVE IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL
The Juce3essful employment of high pressure hydraulic drives in aircraft con-
way be of interest to various branches of machine construction*
Ce'th questions concerning the operation of hydraulic drives in automatic co=
h'olspoat are discussed in this article on the basis of data publisked in the fo2-,
PI), and f'ome tic literature.
Of ,Laportance 'for aircraft is the weight of the assemblies since of the total
an airplane approximately 50% consists of the weight of the equipment and
weight of the design of the airplane; in other words, there is a unit of
,reigut the design for each unit of weight of an assembly,,
If ;he auxiliary power devices employed on aircraft are evaluated from the via
unt oi theze to basic indices, weight and bulk, then hydraulic transmissions wili
,xk seen have indisputable advantages over other types of devices, and particularly
:cteleolxic devices.
I
TBE ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC DRIVES
The dQvelopment of hydraulic drives is proceeding in the direction of increase
'orTJssure and .number of revolutions of the assemblies. For this reason, th,
4"4-1,7ie
,um-os emplved at the present in hydraulic aircraft transmissions dperate within th
4000 and 8000 rpm, and in some cases even 107000 rpm. The prevalent fluid
J
w:wsurce ",aircraft is 220 kg/cm2 ; a pressure on the order of 300 atmosphere i is in
)rospect for the next raw years. .
Tho emloyment of such speeds and fluid pressures in aircraft implies a high
12ilciancy of hydraulic aircraft assambliez.
Figares 1, 2 and 3 are graphsof the relative waights of aircraft .electric an&
ydraleac generators and motors which demonstrate that, the respective powers being
1
ights of the electric generators and motors employed at the present time
apprximately five times as great as the weight of hydraulic generators and mot-
dosiwA for a pressure of 105 kg/cm2 and eight time as great as the weight e
genrators and motors 'designed. for 210 kg/cm2. Even a high.4'oltage alter-
2;;ing%-it!rent generator cannot' compare with hydraulic generators with respect to
A gives curves which characterize the gain in weight of a hydraulic air-
,..caft_sreffkaal.ncrease of pressure from 105 to 210 kg cm2
Y17,,S'A FORM
3 FE-a 56
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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cV19,04_,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ? 50-Yr 2013/09/27 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
-Irlan'ia!VmarrtIPMV,
The ,bulk of the hydraulic generator is eight to nine time
bulk of .an electric generator of equally great power?
1BER,PAGE tt. 'KY WitZreti.v.k+wfitt,...a.ij
67 j
smaller. thEIATthe
,quirements for accuracy and quality of machining of the parts are increa-
ed in consequence of increase in pressure since otherwise fluid leaks would increa.
3
be,(11=Ing the Volumetric efficiency of the assembly, and in many cases possibly dis-
ao operation of the hydraulic system as well? In view of this fact, the r3-i
oamment have been increased for accuracy of production of the basic parts of hy-
? .
ldrlulic irembllesq which frequently must be held within the limits of two to four
crons, However, with allowances of two to four micrens, the danger exists of we
3lobile parts at low (-60?) and high (4-60?) temperatures. For this reason,
cth paIq of a moving pair should be made of one material
P
Weight characterj.stics of electric and hyraulic generatorsg
1 - Direct current electric generator; 2 - Alternating current elec-
tric'generator; 3- Hydraulic generator with pressure of 105 kg/cm21
-Hydraulic generator with pressure of 210 kgicm2; 5 - Weight in'kel
5
Power in horsepower
'Y115 he pressure is increased, various complications also occur which are re-
ated 1;(, the resilience of the fluid itself which in certain instances may serve az
sourc? of auto-oscilla,tion of an assembly or its parts.
18oard2
pressures on the order of 150 kg/cm2 and above9 aluminum pipelines should
4nd uae made of thin-walled pipes of stainless Steel having a wall thicknE,c.
Th liet must be taken into account that at high pressures of around 200 kg/cm-
abov 'Lle allowance may be increased when the assembly is not sufficiently rig.E.
thEL fliAd leakaga increases. Increase in pressure is not always accompaned bj
:;.onate reduction in weight; it is often necessary to increase the weight
4ve the design the required. ritEs1.91.
'3A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLiGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUM1011 SHEET)
laraGoc.,4,,kric,:ji
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?. ?
.?,??.i.v.,rir?,..,,,..?,?,..,?,,,....,? ..?........---,j,.............?,,,,, , ......,s, .......i.-----
. .
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. . "
ograttur.muswaccuttazurograraigrovoserosatitaxastaCtreeliateitroxogannosoruCapoinfoisaisrc
Hydraulic systems are suitable for*. operation at any altitude and within a wide
eraperatuTe range, from 'minus 600. to plus 60? and above? Hydraulic transmsTATIons are
favorably distinguished from transmissions of other types by the extreme simplicity
of accomplishing high degrees of reduction; regulation of the speed of hydraulic mot-
;
;ors between 10 and 5000 rpm does not represent the limits for these assemblies. In
:adedtion the stability of revolution of hydraulic motors greatly exceeds the stabi-
9
)rpra in tb,o opposite direction is accomplished during a time of 0.02 second.
An f,Aportant advantage of hydraulic drive is the simplicity, of accomplishing
);ransmis2-,on with a high degree of reduction while maintaining a relatively high ef,
.i.oiency, Valuable qualities of hydraulic control are ease of control of pressure
lit,y of electric motorso
Hydraulic motors possess a high accelerating ability and slight inertness; thus9i
examplep reversal of the shaft of an 8-h0p. hydraulic motor from 2500 rpm to 2501
:
V
treogl number of revolutions (speed)9 bulk reversal of the direction &lotion se
s
otationland other functions, as well as the speed of reaction of the perforiing
:member to the command impulse of the control emitter, on which depend the accuracy
nd sens:i,tivity of the drive system.
Figir 2 Weight characteristics of electric and hydraulic motors:
2000electric motor at 2000 rpm; 2-- 2000e1ectric motor at 5000 rpm;
5 - Electric motor at 209000 rpm; 4 - Hydraulic motor with pressure of
105 kg/cm2 5. Hydraulic motor with pressure of 210 kg/cm2; 6 Weight
in kg; 7- Power in hp.
ACSI FORM 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
FE 1 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET) .
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1 aFIATION. ?
VaMatt0/.40.0111100.000VTAlb.,00 "1.10. 1 :Cr
AGE NUMBER
, Weight characteristics of electric and hydraulic motors:
- 24v.direct current electric motor at 7500 rpm for duration of opera-
m under load of 1 min; 2 - 200 v three-phase intermittently operating
12alric motor at 129000 rpm; 3 Hydraulic motors at 3000 t- 5000 rpm -4,1,t
)esaure of 70 120 kg/cm2; 4 - Pneumatic motors at 3000 + 8000 rpm Vii'0
qlGoure of 16 -IL 18 kg/cm2; 5 - Weight per hp, in kg; 6 - Power, in hp,
The tnp1icity of automation of the operation of controlling the aircraft and
a6aemieg should be added to the advantages of the hydraulic system. g
8
B .
1
i
TI-, lraulic system hassimplified automation of prelanding operations such as
the brake and landing Oields, preparatory loosening of the wheels
) ? s
1":?,
air Aiminate "binding" of the wheels at the moment of their contact with the
iidIng etc6
Hyd:' ;:ic systems insure minimum time lags in the response of the performing
6mbly f:r. 'the time the command impulse -1.
...,.., given, lags which in hydraulic systems 1
,I.
.J .. . ,, . _, ,.
?
,,--7), be rt.'we0.to around O005 to 0.02 second. Such a speed of reaction is .clue to
,
!,
., q.
..,,?,,,
inertia of the units of the hydraulic assemblies and to the high speed of
asmw,? through the ? oil-filled Pipe of he hydraulic impulse, the speed of whictiT'
or ;7) *is? and type MVP oil is.. as high as 970 to 1100 meters per second.
The;-.:.-at accelerating ability and small time lags of hydraulic assemblies have
,
ble to employ them for automation of aircraft flight stabilization, aa
have made it possible to accomplish automatic parrying of gusts of w:ye
Fpecial emitters (receivers)1 which -upon entry of the aircraft into an
-curreAgive a command to the performing hydraulic booster of the aileron control
F'ORNI
' 56
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13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INIELUGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
;
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
PATOM BER
70
12,110 -STAT of such
himturalraelrhirsoefilasn
mystem, which in. turn .deflects the ailerons ii?he.proioer direction0.
automeac unit, in practice does not exceed 0.05 second owing to which fact the
;ailerons are capable of parrying even very abrupt gusts of wind in time,
1
Figure 4,, Comparative weights of high and. 'Av. 1--Isanre hydraulic systems:
?..??4 1..,.....,?. g
i
of airnrafti, R
1 - Full weight of hydraulic system, in kg; 2 -
in kg; 3 - Pressure of 70 kg/cm; 4 - Pressure of 210 kg/cm2
nlArkom wain++
The aaployment of hydraulics has made it possible to make the aircraft conttol
ocess aotomatic to a/large extent, to perfect the control systems, to obtain stabl
-.3peed drivas for aircraft alternating current generators, and to ibbtain stable revo-
qution drilwes for cabin superchargers, drives for radio sets, eto
P
Lif' the th:iving of many aircraft assemblies; minimum irregularity of angular veloci-
, les at Iw speeds of revolution and maximum stability of revolution under various
High ::'eduction and a wide range of speeds, from 10-15 to 5000 rpm, are necessary
1.1
)ads arc) required for this purpose. Hydraulic drives meet these requirements to th.ighee
st a?t3ree. Diagrams of he torque on the shaft of a standard 8-hp hydraulic mot-4
oc
!Qv as a functLonfn, as well as curves of the fluctuation of the angular velocity at
9w speedc, of revolution, which confirm the high quality of hydraulic motors from
this viewp* nt, are given in Figure 5 in order to illustrate the performance of thee
A
Anoti:er of the superiorities of hydraulic systems is high efficiency, which for
11,7-power
3
5-hp) generators and hydraulic motors in practice is 80 to 90%; with
aer the efficiency increases. Figure 6 gives graphs which characterize the
(hriciene, of electric and hydraulic generators. In many instances it is advisable
to combin hydraulics with electricity, which in a number oi instances is superior to
ve,raulic, particularly in rapidity of transmission of an impulse and in simplicity
conveyiyg of energy This principle may be formulated thus s it is expedient to 1
mpioy hyraulics when it is necessary to achieve great force or to develop great
o,oTar, ard when it is necessary to transmit an impulse, it is expedient tv employ
I.
FORM
FEB. 56
Altu.S?Mr
13A DISSEMINATI?N FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(COwnNUATION SHEET)
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onr ;44,7 97.?
?, L 41 ;Al
I
^4,1?,,rox,ovam1.4?441100Vosselet4CIAMIrrktntran,.70121.405=Mertigia424.1:101G14
01\1? ?
. ?
. ?
Figure 5. Characterl:stics of a hy4raulic motors
Conditional sped; 2 -0) 1,/sec; 3 . 120 irregularity; 4 - nav 5 1-9.1
Ykr 102-kgcm; 5 - nav " r 0 0 kgcm; 6 . 8% irregularity;
7 - Nr 8 - Deflection angle of shaft; 9 - mkr(kgcm); 10 41en P -
5./ 2
110 kg/cm ; 1i. Power Power on shaft; 12 - 147,1 when P : 110 kg/cm ;.13
14 - Volumetric efficiency; 15 - Pkg/cm2; 16 - Torque; 17
nxber of revolutions of shaft of hydraulic motor,,
"muaular" system, and electricity the function of a "nervous" aystem.0
6. Efficiency of electric and hydraulic generators:
Hydraulic generator; 2 Electric generator; 3 - Efficiency, in perc:7)4
-
Powers, in txp0
Ho''r nstances of deviation from this principle are possible; even more vo
the advisability of employing combined lectric and hydraulic systems, as
'riv)ntione o,bove In these instances, the superiorities of electricity (simplicity
convey of ener9 rapidity of transmission of an impulae etc) 4nd the super-
k
'?.c.fibies %.,P hydraulics (simplicity of accomplishment of power transmission with a
F
,
b
TIM= TA
pig' (3,3grc-. of reduction and high efficiency, reliability of functioning eta) may b&
i-,-,_,... i,worzwja Arzarn ,a i , ; zlogl UtX4R120.3.0.~ANOVI,ffrOadberNi.nteMliggedn.Saftee.M.M.OrWag.telMIRUPCX1.10101
FOFill 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
c 13; 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
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zemi.awel;:ti i?
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?warveravaorsrmatoxecoamor.....404,re4uointgratrisimfamittmomaimmuiPzettgartsaantA.' ,tteet;oteliten.rine
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utilized *to the luilO
STAT
attlftUtir3t117
Th -:rinciple of combining electricity and hydraulics is extensively employed
particulivly in hydraulic control assemblies. Thus, for example, the driving of
?
"Rirdraulio distribution devices is in the majority of cases performed electrically,
3
MOSTIONS CONCERNING THE DESIGNING AND OPERATION OF HYDRAULIC DRIVES
The incipal assemblies of any hydraulic system are a hydraulic generator
1
i'lvdrauli motor and distribution and safety devices.
c,
One of the specific features of operation of aircraft hydraulic assemblies i
fact tot these aAsemb3i s must insure opergtion under high-altitude conditions;
lis complicates their functioning, particularly the functioning of the pumps, owing.
. reduction of atmospheric presaure, The pumps then operate under conditione of
b
aVitatthP which causes erosion of the working pieces .and causes the pump rapidly to
-come u.x.;erviceable because of. back flow of the fluid and hydraulic impactor, For
rea3on, it is necessary in many instances to provide a special pressure feed
into e tanks or employ auxiliary (booster) pumps for feeding the rain pumps,
As ha a already been stated, modern pumps operate at pressures of 150 to 200
Vgri20 Por the most part, gear pumps ewe employed for fluid pressures up to 150
cm2
Ithe overeal dimensions of an electric motor having the same power, So that a high
Vigare 7 shows the design of such a pump and, for purposes of comparison,
a.4io1ametri c.fficiency will be insured gear pumps (Figure 7)have a special side
(face) sealing consisting of bronze disks, a and b; disks b are fixed and disks a are
oo-Table.1%1 are tightened against the gear faces c by springs d and, in addition, by
oper,11,Ang pressure of the fluid moving into the cavities e.
W.sks a tightened against the gears c, and hence also the tightaass of contact
5.7e incmased. As we know, overflowing ofiluid in a gear pump occurs along the rad-
gaps :petween the gear and body, as well as at the points of contact of the pro-
b) meshing teeth and along the face gaps, between the gear faces and the
bade COVUffiu
)1
Ceonquently, with increase in the operating pressure the force with which the
Experiments have shown- that the amount of overflow Along the. radial gaps is ng
1 comparison with overflow along the face gaps,. This is explained primari-
,17T-by the Slatively great length of the path of fluid
'
and by thA countermovement of the cylindrical S surfaces of the gears. Increasing the
overflow along the radial mi.; t?
iCSiFORM 3A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR iNTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
E' FEB. 56 (CONTINUkTION SHEEn
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
..,
. .
, Y.03,,,YA*01.eriltible,L. 4 netKOMINVIIIMWtante,s.raWniat 03"4:=ZignMtIPF"0,4,11,11g
'i i-7f,:i'Fi:',.?,-,JZI.::?:!,1',,:ti.',.:' ''4'rt3'.) Al !ON . . .. .
. ? . . . . .
,
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-
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, ?
. .
. . .
0t-rcurstupsto. vrinunett
quirements in the matter of accuracy of
; .
' reduce overflow at the points
0
'Overflow along :the face gapi is .axtIeved.
.47
(.1
p.
?
abolm which reduces the amount of the
the f'.12.ia.
? ;Z:zi
?t 'ha ri nr'0-
r.oz.
;'ith
inCit'e as
I ? :
PAGE NUMBER...
71 ?......
STAT
execution of the tooth profile has made
of Contact of the teeth. Reduction of
by means of the compensating device mention-i
gap with increase in the operating pressure
Gear pumps
Volumetric efficiency9 % - n ; 2
rev
f
;CI
0
?
???
?i,t1
II
;.t
?
1.1
?
4
tf
of the pump usually
. ???
- Outputs 1/min Q; 3 . nrev
9
From tank; 5 - To system; 0 - Boost, kg/cm-; 7 - 2/ kg.
ype pumps are usually constructed -for outouts of up to 100 limin when
gives a diagram of the output 6f? a 30 1/min gear pump in relation t;),
of pressure of the fluid. Assuming the volumetric efficiency of the puzp
i r
0.4 kg/c2, 9 we find that with a pressure of 150 kg/cm2 it will be 900
r
r VE01
fJ FEB? 56
0
in the service periods the
C4'.1,1=St
0.001040,1X0I0.1122000.0?0200
volumetric efficiency
13A DiSSMNATION FORM FOR INTELUGENCE TRANSLATiON
(CONTINUATION SHE
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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r
? ?
A?11..IGhNI:,., ? ? ? ?PAGE NUMB,ER?
.. ?
4 ? .
decreases.9 but with a .P4mi)' designed as described (See figure:7) the volum's-LATic eE-
,
ficienv ,
equeni3.y even increases
ible only in the event of proper sele.Ttion of the areas which are acted upon by the
pressure of the fluid which tightens disks a against the gears and releases these
disks from the gears. ObTtously, if extrema tightening' of the disks a'gainst the
gears is permitted9, scratching of the friction surfaces of the disks and gears may
occuro
Figure 8. Multipiston pump,
I . Conventianally drawn.
Figun9 Diagram of an alternating output piton pump.
Expo2ienoe has shown that the maximum pressure for gear pumps is 150 to 180
rther increase in 'pressure entails ouch complicated design and production
r;echnology that employment 'ofthese pumps becomes inadvisable.. Multipiston pumps ars,
omployed for pressures around 150 kg/cm2 and above. Structural diagrams of the most
kdespread pumps of this type are given in Figures 8 and 9. These pumps are produced
?Py .w.M.MCD06.031%.CTS,,,w,
AM FORM 13A DISSEMINAT1 N FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
8 FEB. 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
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, , ...r r? ,, ,,,,,,,dr.v.,,,,,,VArerfrrt?Ir ^-,-,a-, ...
1.
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t-,,,,,, ;',..,,A,,T , ASIC?terfrr...firraarosymtryar^231Azoierram?reer.tvorpaitorsticte
'? ...:,. A.IF,?,Lt?,1(3!;?,..N,?1.-,, '.,,Iii4,1;rLitc.f
,
, . .
,
IIKV,MWMTAVAMMOZASUMINntrrrata,MVOMZOF
both.110.h:,nonadjustablejothista4t) output Oi.gureA):andwith automatic (Figure 9)-
. ? .
AGE fit) 14 /3ER
STAT
manua0.0.0g4laticin of .output..
The principle of operation of pumps of this type maybe seen from Figure 8.'
j(Annected with 4 drive shaft. 19 through a-joint 2, is A multicylinder block 3, Upon
7?
r
? --.....
k)tation of the shaft 1 and block 3, pistons 4 accomplish reciprocating motion in the
tilylindsrt-1,t of the block, sucking in fluid from one of the ducts 5 and forcing it into
the oppoatife duct.
The pump with automatic output regulation differs frax the one described only
the regulation unit (Figure 9). The cylindrical block 1 of this pump may be To-,
tated in the plane of the drawing (about the axis of its oil-pipe journals, not'shotn
Figure, 9), A spring 2 strives-to hold the block in the position of maximui Angle
?
iof 3lope Ti3h respect to the axis of the drive shaft 7, However, after the pressure
th fluid fed along the duct 3 to the valves 4 overcomes the forde of the spring
15,
which has been adjusted to the required pressure, the valve 4 permits the fluid
pasto the cylinder 60 The pressure of the fluid, overcoming the force of t
?1.11 rotate the cylindrical block 1 towards reduction of its angle of slop
',fluid is
. V.
?
ki.,Ae,pump oeaseop
1
to the axis of the drive shaft 7. When the maximum pressure of the
7ached, the angle of slope of the block 1 equals zero and the feeding of
? .
-P.1; Tii.gure 10. Perfortance of an adjustable pump at 4000 rpml
.
?I. 1,- Output of pump; 2 - Q1.1/min; ) 7 ==- n - f(P); 4 - n
v
,
tot - tot
5 -t;
6 - Total efficiency; 1 - ntot ' .. 8 - Volumetric efficiency'v
'.nto '
- 9 - P,, kg/cm2; 10 -,Tluid pressure.:
.
4
FigUe 10 gives the performanceddrves of such a' plimpo .As May be. seen from the
r
.paph5 vlth increase in the pressure the outIiut.of,the pump decreases somewhat; how-
wer9 at a zressure of 190 kgipm2 the output curve falls sharply and at a pressure
__......? -5
'
ACKFORM 13A ? DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
aa, 56
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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'imramIET
f.7';'''91'0,;',:ra"r,"'xkomt'tormesmokocftrava,morintowaliiff5cmgc.4YOrn
, ? ? ? ? ?
lof 220 kg/62 the output decreases to zero o The sharPess.of the curve selected da-
f
pen on on !ictual need0 The accelerating ability of this pump in practice is compute
an hundredths of a second, i.e., such a pump with automatic discharge is capable of
!3?velopinei and delivering practically inst,antaneously the maximum expenditure of
fluid. Requirements for such a great accelerating ability are made in particular
in
:the rudder control systems of aircraft and in the weapons control gystemso
In certain instances, for the purpose of increasing the stability of the pump
F
kgainst autooscillation, the steepness of the dumping angle of the delivery Q (see
Figure 10) is :educed by selection of appropriate springs
ti
9 and-5 (See Figure 9)0
The volumetric efficiency of a pump of this type is 97 to 170 at 200 kg/J0
4
?
II
??? I
Figure 1Hydra32lic motor.
1 - B; 2 - Along AA; 3 - Along BB.
The wAmp just described may also be employed as a hydraulic motor0 In practice,
hydraulic r.aotors with slide-valve distribution and a fixed cylinder block are wide.
spread in hydraulic systems with pressures up to 150 kgicm2(Figure ii). The drive
ir)aft I iP this hydraulic motor9 which is connected with an inclined disk 4 has on
left tip a distributing slide valve 2 which is mounted on the eccentric pin 3 of
the shaft 1. Upon rotation of the shaft 19 and together, with it the inclined disk 4,
lthe piston5 accomplish reciprocating motion in the cylinders of the fixed block 6;
...........
ACS1 FORM 13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR 1NTELUGENCE TRANSLATION
3 FEB. 56 (CONTINUATION SHEET)
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/27:
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release ?50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
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0-:,,PIN.14.1.VI02.14,00,4410.,41.10,32W0021.,Vall,PlISPINV1f,t4?LINCALSA,VOZZOI:?"2,344.4",r41.
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car art 12.7 a. .e Amtwoomgi zyr.va tearnp F s Pit t ialalx MCI Nem I 1 ;.:..t1171;gifb.eu0 Na,gt
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STAT
7
the di6tributing slide valve 29 performing circular oscillatory motion9 alternately
cconnects :1-tle openings 8 of the cylinders with the corresponding ducts 7 and 9 (fluid
and discharge 9).
The ',111priority of these hydraulic motors is the great accelerating ability
4
achieved by virtue .of the fact that their cylinder is fixed; ?aside from the pistons
only noving part is the distributing slide valve 29 hich here performs circulai
o3cillatory. motion. In practice 9 reversal of this hydraulic motor from a maximum
oY)aed of n . 2500 rpm to a maximum speed of n - 2500 rpm in the opposite direction Gi
NTolution As accomplished
in 0.02 see- The service life of these hydraulic motors,
i)ropr 1.1,se may be extended to 5000 or more hours.
Ay c,'Imecting the pump and hydraulic motor with pipelines, we obtain a rotary
,typa hydrttalic drive (coupling). Regulation of the speed of revolution of the hydr-
iku2:th motcT in these drives is usually'Acdomplished by changtAgAhe amount' 'of
? )1
peliyeredto the hydraulic motor. The latter is accomplished either by regulation ea
Ithe outp.cz..t of the pump by changing t4 length of the stroke of its pistons or by re
dating (limiting) the delivery of the fluid moving into the hydraulic motor by
hmarlE; of choke. The first type of regulation is generally employed in high power
2 3 hp) drives and the second in low power drives.
Figure.. 12. Diagram of.a stable revolution hydraulic drive& ,
1 . Hydraulic motor; 2 - Pump.
5.1
are hydraulic drives in wAich the number of revolutions of the exit
!
).E )111atically maintained in the roquired relationship to a given parametexl.
foY:' :)z,ample, it is frequently necessary to insure a constant speed of revolut-
thc exit (motor) shaft while the speed of the entrance (pump) shaft is vex-
,ar)ion :1741ves of the type described this is accomplished by connecting the
IL the pump (Figure 12) thrOugh,a hydraulic booster b with a centrifugal
,,;o112.nor
which, upon disturbance of the established speed of revolution of the
for any reason, correspondingly changes the angle of slope of the pump ]
IRSMaRinie.M.014MMIESMINIM7OISOPMGPOILIIIMP
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13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATiON SHEE0
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PAGE NUMBER
TATOlig;e0Y ..ceanCytuMara:V4
disk and restores the speed of revolution of the exit shaft of the hydraulic motor.
As In knot9 the efficiency of the hydraulic drive described has its maximum val-
,ae only for a specific performance and when these performance are employed, the ef-
kciency of the drive decreases. When a pump and hydraulic motor of the same size
employed the maximum delivery of the pump corresponds to this maximum efficienU
which
rdraulic drives have been created on this basis power is transmitted to the
iven unit in two way st through the direct connection of the driving and driven
ghafts and supplementarily through the hydraulic drive, which in this instance tranE-
wits only a portion of the power, In these transmissions, the hydraulic drive merely
laAds (or ;-,akes away) the missing difference in speeds By making use of this it is
possible to change the arrangement of the drives so that the pump and motor will oper
ate under conditions approaching the optimum,
Noteworthy among the drives of this type is the hydrodifferential drive, a dia-
of tto principle of operation of which is given in Figure 13. The entry (driv-
1,3) shaft of the drive is shaft 2 and the exit (driven) shaft is shaft 13. In this
l'Tive the pp (adjustable member) 14 and the motor (non-adjustable metber) 15 eitt-
p?T' rotate a whole, on bearings 1, or the hydraulic motor rotates at a lower or
,
higher speed than'the pump, or rotates in the direction wsite the direction of
1-tation of the pump.
When the angle of slope of the pump disk 4 is zero (neutral position), the hyd-
1.7aulic motor is rigidly connected to the pump through the fluid locked in the cylind-
1-?,r$ of the pump the rotor of which is in turn connected through gears 5 and 6 and
iv
ifi:,1,aft 2 pith the source of power, in this instance the aircraft engine.
1 -Power in this case i.i transmitted from shaft 2 to the exit shaft 13 throUgh the 1
Kyamp and hydraulic motor, which function here as the intermediate between these two
gahets.
relative slip of shafts 2 and 13 is determined by the volumetric l ak-
of th!.:. fluid located in the cylinders of the pump and motor.
!A When the disk 4 is inclined in one direction or the other, the pump imparts
:hither acstcelerating or decelerating motion to the motor. In the first instance; the
1
17xlmp 14 delivers the fluid into.the.oper4ing Cavity of the hydraulic motor 159-and9
;,111marting relative motion to it -imparts additional.: revolutions to the exits Shaft 13.
In the second instance, the operating cavity of the hydraulic Motor is 'connected to
Ins non-oper6.ting (intake) cavity of the pump, as a result of which a portion. Of the
L,
MS FORM
FE13. 56
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13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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i,t,,.....t.....,tommotttrtmotavattzrtmett...rt.ixtntzt?tgi. -rttittor:....2000.4tpti.
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PAGE NIJNIBIT
fluid from the operating cavity, of the hydraulic utor penetrates into the 1ZT.p?
^ motor operates as a "pump" for acceleration of the pump,, In oonse.
this the hydraulic motor "slips" with respect to the pump, as a result of
speed of revolution decreases It is easily seen that the amounts of ac
or deceler
ting motions of the hyEraulic motor depend on the amount of tho
2Ltive Jr negative angle of slope of the disk 49
which amounts in a stable revolu-
. ? Oen dive are regulated by a centrifugal or other type regulator 10, which iscon-
,
13 Diagram of a hydraulic drive
The r.?;mr putIT 8 serves for lubrication of the drive and the pump 9 for deliverj
the
thr.ough the ,chamber 12, into ..the., main pump feed cavity, 14 sad for feeding
hyd:rtindie system. 7 of the speed governor. In the line along which the. LI
, irr?.;o the* tank is installed a valve 11 which- maintains in the power line of its
th(.; ',7,,roesure necessary for driving the pumapistons
4,P
14 and the inclined disk A
In y instances it is necessary to achieve stable speed of a hydraulic motor
from the common hydraulic syStem of the aircraft the output of which ex-
,
eedo the :-.tedo,?? of this hydraulic totoro In this case special governing devices are
ea 'It the exit fro M the hydraulic motor 1 (Figure 14) which hold constant the
4
Iasumptim; of ?fluid drawn off the hydraulic motor..
13A DISSEMINATION?RAA FOR INTELLIGENCE. TRANSLATION
FORM
*.qa 56
It is obvious that disruption of
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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the speed stability- 'of the.?hydraulic Mot'or when such a device is Pireseht can be
4F7.,
PAGE NU IVIBER
? STAf. ?
caused only.by, change in fluid'overflow (change in.the:v'olumetrid efficiency of the
hydraulic motor) due to fluctuation in the load of the hydraulic motor and, in oil
temperature
Figure 14.
Diagram of the speed governor of a hydraulic motor.
- From hydraulic system; 2 - To tank?
A throttling device (Figure 14) consisting of a throttling washer 2 and a regu-
lator 3 which holds constant the pressure of the fluid in front of this washee may
used as a very simple regulator of the consumption of fluid leaving the hydraulic mc,
The amount of this pressure is determined by the degree of tightening of the
1
spring 4 which receives the pressure of the fluid on the piston of the valve 50
Und the conditions established, the force of the pressure of the fluid against
;h;Le piston 5 of the valve 6 and the force of the spring 4 are neutralized and the
b.
rvalve 6 with it tapered part throttles to some extent the fluid, thereby providing
11.t! requircd pressure. Upon change in the pressure of the fluid in front of the
asher 2 duo to any cause. (change in pressure at the entrance to the throttling de-
)
chanp in the viscosity of the fluid, etc), the valve 6 takes up a new position
through 0.1.ich the extent of the fluid throttled by it changes as required to maintain
an equilibrium of forces the force of fluid pressure against the piston 5 and the
tension of the spring 4, 10e0., to maintain the pressure established in front of the
k,asher 2,
&per ence has shown that a very simple governor such as this insures adequate
speed stability of a hydraulic motor.
r-SV.,1-10214/.3=101:011,17411MOSMS0017211.
ACS;.' FORM
? 6 FEB. 56
13A DISSEMINATION FORM FOR INTELLIGENCE TRANSLATION
(CONTINUATION SHEET)
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
? 50-Yr 2013/09/27: CIA-RDP81-01043R002400070001-3
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Ownernm .rf....r,-;,?,NapeswAturisbomeo;ousens ra!tirstnrerigrom603?10414041?005.0)trmaixosevaamork-ortoirdiormer0.4:
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However
iA-Ins.taiiCos:,whe..par.:iibul.alyAiitgh' Speed. stability
STAT.
?o5.%) is neces-
j*Iiment this regulator use may be made of special speed governors which
cesct to deviation in angular velocity-. These governors may be of the mechanical
,(esentrifsgal) or electric type. In Figure 14 is a diagram showing the principle of
cqpsration of sudh a governor 70
The !sovernor 7 is a throttle-slide-valve device connected parallel to the press
isare regoitor 6 already discussed and which, depending on the position of the slidaive 6, ermits a greater or lesser quantity of fluid to pass through itself (bypass-
the throttling washer 2)0. It is clear that reduction of this quantity of fluid
$ 0 nt tla ction of the speed of the hydraulic motor and vice versa. The slide vallio
f?4
spiaced by the speed governor of one or the other type. In particular, with
slectric type governor, change (loss of adjustment) in the angular velocity of tho
N"
P
ohoft geL,,rally changes the voltage of the electric current, in consequence of Which
hhes1id 'a1ve 89 which is connected to an electromagnet 9, occupies a new positior
of equiliam with which the loss of adjustment in angular velocity is eliminated0
davity
diagram given in Figure 149 provision is also made for adjustment of vol-
the pressure line, adjustment which is made by feeding this pressure j:
DISTRIBUTING DEVICES
ManuAly driven (F gure'15) or electromagnetically driven (Figure 16)- slide-
kIlve devIcos are generally employed as distributing devices. Electromagnetically
,ortrolli slide-valve devices (Figure 16) have become widespread in the' aircraft
,naustry. Here, electromagnets 3 displace an auxiliary slide valve 1 of
rs-41 dieter (3--4mm)7 which feeds the fluid to the faces of the main distributing
siias varss 2, setting it in the position corresponding to the direction of floy of
Wien the electromagnets 3 are cut off, the main slide valve 2 is set in a cen-
posiAtop in which the cavities of the cylinder are connected to the overflow.
A d: 'sivantage of the slide-valve device just described is the difficulty of ir.
1Tivingth A6cessary hermetic sealing.- For this reason, the use of flat slide valve
1,
has begun
in recent years. The: function of 'the auxiliary slide valve ie
1-
Ipsrformea Sisre by balls 6 which are acted on by electromagnets 5 overlapping one por-s
- .-.