SURVEY OF THE HUNGARIAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R002100120008-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 147
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2013
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: May 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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REPORT
DATE DISTR. 17 Apr. 1958
COUNTRY Hungary
SUB3ECT Survey of the Hungarian Eleotrio
Power Industry
DATE OF INFORMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
NO. OF PAGES 145
REFERENCES:
50X1-HUM
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Introduction .........................................................
SURVEY OF THE HUNGARIAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
Table of Contents
A;. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Page Nr
1. Ministry of Mines and Power ..................................
2. Administration and Operations .......??????????????.....?.....
B. ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
1. Industrial Requirements ......................................
2. International Agreements ...... . . ..... . ...... . .. . . .. . . . ... .. . .
a. Imports ..................................................
. . . .... .
.
3?
4.
5.
6.
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b. Exports .........................................
Controls and Regulations .....................................
Status of Labor . .. . . . . .. .. . . ... .. . . . ...... . . . . . . ...0000000000
Planned Development of Hydroelectric Potential ............??~
Fuels ........................................................
a. goal and Peat ............................................
b . ((as . . . . . . ... . . .... . . . . . . . .. a . . . . .. . . a . . . . . . . a .. . a ..... .
Recent Construction ..........................................
a. Power Plants Under Construction ............?.?.??.???????
b. Transmission Lines Under Construction ..............??.???
i over Sub-stations Under Construction . . . . . ... . 0 ... ...... .
C .
d. Recently Electrified Railways ............ ..????????.?????
C. POWER DISTRIBUTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
History . . . . . . . . . . 00000000 . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a. Number 1 Grid ............................................
b. Number 2 Grid ..........................................
c. Number 3 Grid ............................................
2. Control Centers ..............................................
3. Interruption Factors .........................................
4. Air Defense Transmission Lines ..........??.?.???????
5. Power Sub-stations ...........................................
D. ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCING EQUIPMENT
1. Equipment Procurement ........................................
2. Sc-rce and Type of Equipment ...............................
a. Boilers 000000000000000000000 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 ..... .
b. Turbines .................................................
c. Transformers .............................................
d. Cranes ...................................................
e. Miscellaneous Equipment and Plants ...........????????????
f. Installation of Power Plant Equipment ...........?????????
E. POWER PLANTS
1. Organization and operation .....?..?.?.???????????? ?? '?'?.?'
a. Planning Department ....... . ......................... ...o
b. Inspection, Repair and Service ............?.?????????????
c. Miscellaneous Operations ....... . .........................
2. High Capacity Power Plants ............. ? ........... O O???? pO?
3. Medium Capacity Power Plants .....?.??.?.?????????????????O 00
Plants ..................................
?
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
22
23
23
26
4. Low Capacity Power
b .......................... 30-145
Annexes A through II ......................
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This report contains
Hungarian electric power
s division into three grids.
Listed below are. locations mentioned throughout this report; included
are the geographical and UTM coordinates where available: 50X1-HUM
Geographical
Coordinates
UTM
Coordinates
(N47-06,
E17-34)
(UTN! XN-9420 )
ALSOGALLA
(N47-34,
E18-25)
(UTM XM-8765)
BANHIDA
(N47-34,
E18-23)
(UTM CT-0272)
BAZAKERETTYE
(N46-329
E16-45)
(UTM XM-3468)
BEKESCSABA
(N46-399
E21-05)
(uTM ES-0679)
BUDAFOK
(N47-259
E19-02)
(UTM CT-5254)
BRENNBERGBANYA
(N47-39,
E16-30)
(UTM XN-1479)
DIOSD
(N47-249
E18-57)
(uTM CT-5246)
DIOSGYOR
(N48-06,
E20-41)
(UTM DU-7728)
DISZNOSHORVAT
(N48-18,
E20-39)
(UTM DU-7551)
DOROG
(N47-43,
E18-44)
(UTM CT-2988)
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INTRODUCTION
detailed information concerning the
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Geographical
Coordinates
UTM
Coordinates
EDELENY
EGER
EGERCSEHI
ESZTERGCM
FELSGALLA
D. I 1 A/
GODOLLO
rr ?)1
GYONGYOS
GYdR
HEJOPAFI
HERBOLYABANYA
/
IKERVAR
KECSKEMET
KIRAID
/ /
KISKUNFELEGYHAZA
/
KOMAROM
KOMLO
KOSZEG
KURITYAN
(N48-17, E20-42)
(N47-54, E20-22)
(N48-03, E20-16)
(N47-479 E18-45)
(N47-32, E18-26)
(N47-36, E19-21)
(N47.479 E19-56)
(N47-479 E17-38)
(N47-4o, E19.41)
(N47-559 E17.10)
(N47-519 E20-25)
(N48-13, E20-36)
(N46.15, E18.29)
(N47-12, E16-53)
(N47-12, E18-10)
(N48-15, E20-38)
(N46-54, E19.41),
(N46-46, E17-14)
(N48-15, E20-24)
(N46-439 E19-51)
(N46-26, E19-29)
(N48.05, E19-50)
(N47-45, E18-06)
(N46-ii, E18-15)
(N47-23, E16-32)
(N48.18, E2o-16)
(UTM DU-8149)
(UTM DU-5505)
(UTM DU-4523)
(UTM CT-2996)
(UTM CT-0769)
(UTM CT-7776)
(UTM BT-2094)
(UTM XN-o785)
(UTM DT-0080)
(UTM XP-61o9)
(UTM DU-9205)
(UTM DU-6736)
(UTM CS-0242)
(UTM XN-4329)
(UTM BT-8731)
(UTM DU-7346)
(UTM DS-0096)
(UTM XM-7181)
(UTM DU-5546)
(UrM DS-1174)
(UrM CS-4383)
(UTM DU-1428)
(UTM BT-8593)
(UTM BS-8919)
(UTM XI-1750)
(UTM DU-6848)
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FT "I
50X1-HUM
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Locations
Geographical
Covina es
UTM
Coordinates
LILLAFURED
IbRIN CI
LOVAS ZI
MALYI
Matravideki Eromil
ME.ZZKEPLESZTES
MISKOLC
MOSO1MAGYAR6VAR
NAGYKANI ZSA
N YIREGYHAZ A
OROSHA/Z A
O ZD
PICS
PE CSUJH/E/GY
PETFURDO
PppILLLIIS~SVOROSV
pUS~ZTA.EDERICS
RUDOLFTELEP
S AJOS ZENTP1
ETER
SALGOTARJAN
SOPRON
SZEGED
SZiKESFEHERV R
SZENTEN11 E
SZOLNOK
SZOMBATHELY
SZON Y
SZTALINVAOS
SZUHAKALID
TASS `
TATABAN YA
TISZALOK
TISZAPALKONYA
TORbKBALINT
TISZAOSZLAR
(N48-05, E20-37)
(N47-44, E19-40)
(N46-32, E16-33)
(N48-01, E20-40)
(N47-42, E19-40)
(N47-49, E20-42)
(N48-06, E20-47)
(N46-27, E18-59)
(N46-27, E16-59)
(N47-58, E21-43)
(N46-34, E20-40)
(N48-13, E20-18)
(N46-05, E18-13)
(N46-05, E18-16)
(N47-09, E18-07)
(N47-379 E18-54)
N 46 -3E, E16-48J
(N48-16, E20-45)
(N48-13, E20-43)
(N48-07, E19-48)
(N47-29, E46-35)
(N46-15, E20-09)
(N47-12, E18-25)
(N47-40, E19-04)
(N47-10, E20-11)
(N 7-
E16-17
E18-0
(N46-58, E18-55
(N48-17, E20-39)
(N47-01, E19-01)
(N47-33, E18-26)
(N48-01, E21-23)
(N47-53, E21-03)
(N47-47, E18-55)
(N47-529 E21-02)
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(UTM DU-7129)
(UTM DT-0189)
(UTM XM-1956)
(UTM DU-8619)
(UTM DT-0086)
(UTM DT-7897)
(UTM DU-8428)
(UTM IM-5451)
(UTM XM-5346)
(UTM EU-5411)
(UTM DS-5577)
(UTM DU-4841)
(UTM BS-8605)
(UTM BS-8907)
(UTM BT-8127)
(UTM CP-4277
(UT (UTM XXM-3762
(UTM DU-7853)
(UTM DU-3575)
(UTM DU-1328)
(UTM XN-1984)
(UTM DS-3324)
(UTM CT-0430)
(UTM CT-6581)
(UTM DT-3525)
UTM UUTM B 8j90
UTM CT-4205
(UTM DU-7549)
(UTM CT-5209)
(UTM CT-0571)
(UTM ET-2919)
(UTM EU-0411)
(UTM CT-4356)
(UTM EU-0202)
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atiens
Geographical
Coordinates
VARPALOTA
(N47-12,
E18-08)
VISEGRAD
(N47-479
E18-58)
ZAHON Y
(N48-24P
E22-11)
ZALAEGERSZEG
(N46-50,
E16-50)
USSR
UZHGOROD
(N48-38,
E22-17)
(UNGVACR)
YUGOSLAVIA
OSIJEK
(N45-30,
E18-46)
RUMANIA
BAIA-MARE
(N47-40,
E25-35)
A. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
1. Ministry of Mines and Power (See Annex B.)
UTM
Coordinates
(UTH BT-8331)
(UTM CT-9855)
(UTM EU-8761)
(UTM XM-4089)
(UTM EU-9583)
The Ministry of Mines and Power (Banya es Energiaugyi Miniszte'rium),
located at Marko Utca 16, BUDAPEST V, was the responsible governmental agency
for directing and controlling the Electric Power Industry. There were several
changes in the administrative structure since 1947. The chief changes seemed
to be the designation of the Ministry to which the Electric Power Industry was
subordinated. From 1947 to 1948 the Electric Poyrer Industry was directly re-
sponsible to the Ministry of Heavy Industry (Nehe zipari Miniszterium). From
1948 to 1952, the responsible agency was the Ministry of Mines and Power. From
1952 to 1954 the responsible agency was the Ministry of Chemical Industry and
Power (Vegyipari es Energiaugyi Miniszterium) located at Marko Utca 16 in BUDAPEST.
The responsibility was changed again during 1954 and 1955 to the Ministry of
Heavy Industry, Department of Power Plants. From 1955 to January 1957 the re-
sponsibility rested again with the Ministry of Mines and Power. From January
1957 to Source's defection, the over-all control came from the Ministry of
Heavy Industry although the Ministry of Mines and Power still existed. The
Ministry of Mines and Power was required to meet the demands for fuel and power
made by the Ministry of Heavy Industry. The National Planning Office decided
on priorities for coal and power. It was an independent organization supervised
by the Council of Ministers.
2. Administration and Operations
Source's knowledge concerning administration and operations was limited
to the Power Plant Trust with which he worked. A typical daily operation in the
Power Plant Trust headquarters was as follows:
0830 to 0900: In the presence of the Power Trust's Directcr,chief engineer,
and chief bookkeeper, the incoming mail was discussed and
distributed to the responsible department chiefs with in-
structions and a deadline for compliance which was noted
by the secretary present. Pertinent factors were extracted
to be discussed at the meeting of the Department Chiefs.
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Present
0900 to 1000: A meeting of all department chiefs was held.
were the director, department chiefs or their assistants,
and the representatives of the Coisnunist Party and the
Trade Union. The incoming reports from the individual
power plants were discussed and the department chiefs re-
ported on the previous day's activities. The chief engineer
gave instructions for the coming day. All new regulations
or instructions originating from other government agencies
were made known to the participants. Minutes of the meet-
ing were recorded by the secretary.
1000 to 1100:
fAll departments received visitors on or example: from Ministeriums, power fandiallied plants.
schedules, procurement
1100 to 1400: foriexample: complawas conducted intsbouh delayed with
of material, etc.
1400 to 1700: Everybody attended to their respective jobs or duty.
Every department chief had an assistant who substituted in the chief's
absence; therefore, continuity was assured under all circumstances. The super-
vision of the power plants was accomplished by the respective chiefs of the co-
operatives or their assistants. They kept liaison with the Budapest industries,
the Coal Distribution Trust, and attended to the material procurement on the
basis of incoming reports from the power plants. (See Annex C for Source's organ-
izational chart of the Power Plant Trust,It within which Source was the chief for
Number 1 Grid High Capacity Power Plants.)
B. ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
1. Industrial Requirements
It was evident before the first five-year plan 1952 to increase ) that h nHuu Hgary's
existing electric power was inadequate to supply the pl
Therefore, an ambitious electric power expansion was projected under the first two
five-year plans. In addition, international agreements were made or were being
considered with Rumania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia to help overcome the elec-
tric power shortage. In 1956 the Ministry of Heavy Industry established the ab-
solute minimum power requirement for critical Hungarian industries at Ta his minimum
1,200,000 kw per hour. This requirement was to be met at all costs.
requirement would conceivably always be met if the Hungarian power plants con-
tinued to produce at installed capacity or, as in some cases, above the installed
capacity. The established minimum requirement for heavy industry was to be sup-
plied by the three Hungarian grids. (See Annex C formo detailed
Ndescriptiond
of the three grids.) Number 1 Grid would supply 600,000 kw hours,
400,000 kw hours, and Number 3 Grid 200,000 kw hours. This was only a theoretic
breakdown of the over-all requirement since the output of the power plants in the
aforementioned grids was considerably more than the absolute minimum requirements.
Although the minimum requirement was always supplied, the installed power
capacity was not adequate to meet all the demands. Therefore, power rationing had
to be instituted for small non-essential industries and private consumers. The
electric power consumption of private consumers was held to a minimum and practi-
cally restricted to the use of lighting and radio. Electric household appliances
were almost non-existent.
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About 20 small power plants that were not part of the three grids furnished
power directly to individual industrial enterprises. Their total capacity was
approximately 200,000 kw which was not included in the minimum requirement of the
Hungarian heavy industries.
2. International Agreements
The first priority for electric power was the iron and steel works,
aluminum plants, armament industry and the coal mines,, Number 1 Grid supplied
all first priority consumers. The second priority was public works, military
installations, cities, electrified railroad lines and streetcars. These con-
sumers were generally supplied by Number 2 Grid. The third priority was small
industries and villages that would normally be supplied by Number 3 Grid. Number 2
be when necessary. In
and Number 3 Grids had villaaugment andasmallpower
inof Number 1 dustriies wouldGrid
automatically cut
this event the power g
off .
International agreements on the import and export of electricity had been
concluded with Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. An agreement with Rumania was under
consideration.
a,, Imports
Starting December 1957, Hungary was to impost electricity from Yugo-
slavia at a steady, rate of 60,000 kw per hour which was later to be increased to
100,000 kw per hour. It was to be transmitted from the Osijek sub-station to
the Komld sub-station and then into Number 1 Grid.
The construction of a line from Rumania to the Debrecen sub-station
was under consideration. It would supply an unknown amount of power to Number 1
Grid.
b. Exports
The entire: capacity of the 60,000 kw Inata plant had bean exported
to Czechoslovakia since 1955 and was to continue for a period of 20 years. This
delivery was in compensation for Czachoslovakia?s construction of the Inota plant.
Overtures to discontinue this agreement have been made to Czechoslovakia with
unknown results.
3. Controls and Regulations
Excessive demands by government offvcials fcr stepped-up production and
construction schedules were impossible to carry out without resorting to trickery
or falsif4.cation of the books. The annual budget requirements submitted by the
individual power plants were usually disapproved. The budget was returned with
cuts in personnel and material while the work and production schedules were in-
creased. These excessive demands on the power plants created animosity between
the oper?t.t ".ng agenc ie l3 and the Ministry.
Status o:l,' labor
There was a critical shortage of well-trained and wall-rounded young
engineers. Source blamed this shortage on inferior Soviet training methods which
tended to make the young engineers specialize in certain fields. Such training
was not practical in the Hungarian power industry. Although there was no critical
shortage of skilled technicians, -except boiler mechanics and turbo-generator
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foremen who had retired and could not be replaced, the level of skill was con-
stantly becoming inferior when compared to old standards. This was also due to
highly specialized courses at the university. These young engineers and techni-
cians were well trained in their narrow fields but it was impossible to convert
the operation of the power plants to fit their special skills. They were not
respected by the older skilled technicians who had long years of training on the
job. The so-called "old guard" refused to train the new engineers because of
inequity of pay and also for fear of eventually losing their own jobs to the
Communist indoctrinated youths.
Between 1948 and 1956, 46 electrical engineers were graduated from Buda-
pest Technical University and Miskolc University. Twelve of these engineers were
sent to the Soviet Union in the fall of 1955 for one year of practical training.
When they returned, they were scheduled to replace the power plant directors
who were nearing or were over the retirement age.
Everyone shirked their duty and avoided positions of responsibility because
the slightest discrepancy or normal breakdown in a plant could cause imprisonment.
Also, a skilled worker often earned more money than a foreman or an engineer in a
responsible position because premiums were given to workers upon completion of
the norm or over production. But it was difficult for man in responsible positions
to share in the extra bonuses. In addition, if the schedules or norms were not
met, it often meant a reduction in salary or imprisonment. Therefore, there was
no incentive for skilled workers to become foramen.
Salary groups were as followss
Foremen - ----- ------ 950 to 1,700 forints
Technicians --------------- 19100 to 1,700 forints
Plant engineers -- ----- 19300 to 19700 forints
Chief engineers ----------- 1,700 to 2,600 forints
The normal work schedule of the power plants was three eight-hour shifts
daily (0600 to 1400, 1400 to 2200, and 2200 to 0600). This a hedule was worked out
by the Ministry of Mines and Power and the Trades Union Council. The work week
of each employee was 56 hours, lunch and coffee breaks included. Overtime pay
was prohibited and if overtime was absolutely necessary, compensatory time was
given.
5. Planned Development of Hydroelectric Potential
The underdeveloped hydroelectric potential of Hungary was located primarily
on the upper Danube River between KOMAROM and ESZTERGOM. This particular part of
the river was chosen by a joint Hungarian-Czechoslovak commission because of its
comparatively rapid flow there.
The plan of the commission was to build five hydroelectric power plants,
each with an installed capacity of 40,000 kw. Construction was to begin during
the Second Five-Year Plan (1957-1962). The construction would be financed jointly
by Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Canals were to be built in order not to obstruct
river navigation.
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AYh$riilectrio potential was also located on the Tisza River. An announce-
ment was meid`,May 1956; at an electric power conference which Source attendedy
that prelim'inar'f.plans were underway to construct 13 low capacity hydroelectric
power plants?.,on?this river between TISZALOK and SZEGED. The capacity of these
power plants,woul.d total 110,000 kw. The construction of the 13 plants would
serve in conjunction with the ambitious irrigation program of the Lowand. Con-
struction on the upper reaches of the river had been underway for two years in
an effort to make the river navigable between POLGAR and the Soviet Union.
The construction,, of a hydroelectric plant (total capacity 150,000 kw) and
dam was planned to harness the power of the Rubn,Pinka, and Gyongyos Rivers near
the Austrian bender. This,plan was announced by Bala ANDOR, chief engineer for
hydroelectric power plants-at conferences in 1955 and 1956. Although this project
was included in the second five-year plan (1957-1962) the plan to construct the
13 power plants on the Tisza River was not included.
6. Fuels
a, Coal and Peat
Source estimated that the fuel supply, especially coal reserves,was
very limited. He based, this estimate on continuous participation in electric
power conferences. The Ministry of Minas and Power was aware of this problem but
claimed that in 15 years nuclear powered plants would replace some of the present
plants.
The Kazinbarcika (Borsod) Power Plant, supplied by the Borsod coal
mines, had an estimated coal reserve of 25 years. The Matra'videk plant, supplied
by the nearby Petofi mines, had an estimated coal reserve of 15 years. The Inota
plant,supplied by the V4rpalota lignite fields,, had an estimated reserve of 15
years. Source could not estimate the fuel reserves available to the other thermal
power plants.
A?peat field of great potential, located immediately southeast of Lake
Balaton and extending approximately to KESZTHELY, was to be exploited. ERBE
(Power Plant _!Projecting and Building Company) was planning a 60,000 kw plant within
this field. . , .An estimated 30 years fuel supply would be available for this plant.
bo Gas
-, Although the new Tiszapalkonya thermal plant used coal from the Kazinc-
barcika Bor.,aod):;;mines, it would subsequently receive its fuel from the waste
material' of~?the'~Tiszapalkonya Chemical Combine when completed. This combine would
receive its gas fuel from Rumania and limited amounts from the Mez?keresztes oil
fields.
The Lovaszi and Bazakerettye power plants utilized natural gas from
the surrounding oil fields. These fields had an estimated reserve of 25 years.
The Lovdszi oil fields supplied 30 percent of its production to BUDAPEST.
Anew natural gas field of great importance was discovered in 1952
near PUSZTAEDERICS between'.NAGYKANIZSA and BAZAKERETTYE, ERBE was planning to
constrpet a power plant and' an unknown type factory in this area. The HAJ] SZO-
BOSZLO power plant (1,500 kw) was supplied with natural gas from nearby gas
fields.
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7. decent Construction
Until 1952 the production of construction materials, especially concrete
and brick, was lagging behind, the over-all requirements. At this time a new brick
factory was constructed at MALYI, This factory supplied the brick and tile for
the recently constructed Tiszapalkonya power plant. The new factory proved unable
to net the stepped-up demand for construction materials. Consequently, in the
spring of 19539 the Ministry for Construction Materials was dissolved, ostensibly,
because of gross negligence in the production of construction material. A new
Ministry for Construction was established which succeeded in increasing the pro-
duction of construction material but at the expense of lowering the quality, which
again delayed the production schedules. But because of the great importance at-
tached to the construction of the new power plants, the highest priority was given
to construction material, labor and technical assistance. Therefore, all possible
50X1-HUM
assistance was given on a priority basis.
a, Power Plants Under Construction
Hungary?s intensive plans to increase her electric power output was
evidenced by a glance at new plants under construction and in planning. The
following examples illustrate this
(1) Thermal Power Plant in HIDAS
During 1956 Source saw plans for the construction of a new
60,000 kw thermal electric power plant in HIDAS0 He stated that from his super-
ficial observation, the blueprints of the plat in HIDAS was identical in appear-
ance to the thermal electric power plant in PEGSUJHEGY (see Annex DD). This plant
was planned for construction during the second five-year plan, but the plans were
dropped for budgetary reasons. The planned power plant in HIDAS was to be operated
by the waste material of a planner. briquette plant a The briquette plant, which
was also to be constructed under the aec nd Lie-year plan, was to use peat (Tozeg
800 to 1,400 kcal/kg) and residue (Pakura) of the Lovasz area oil refinery for
briquette production.
(2) Thermal Power Plant in PECSUJHEGY)
(See Annex DD.)
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(3) Hydroelectric Power Plant in VISEGRAD
(See Annex EE.)
(4) Nuclear Power Plant in BUDAPEST
The second five-year plan included the development and construc-
tion of an atomic reactor on Hard hill iri Budageet. Source heard at
a conference of electric power officials in December 1956 that plans to construct
an atomic power plant with an installed capacity of 200,000 kw was under considera-
tion. However, a close acquaintance of Source, Chief Engineer Od.&n KER NYI, who
was a member of the Atomic Research Board, minimized the program and stated that
the plant would be a mere research station.
(5) TY)ermal Power Plants at TISZAPALKONYA, KAZINCBARCIKA (Borsod),
AJKA, KON16, and Matravidek Plant in MATRA
(See Section E of this report for details.)
(6) Thermal Poser Plants in GYOR and SZEGED
Plans for these two power plants (60,000 kw each) were finished
in 1950 but lack of funds prevented their construction. Scarce heard that plans
for this construction v re discussed by the Power Plant Trust again in 1956. The
Ministry was advised to proceed with the construction but it was again rejected
because the great expenditures of the Tiezapalkonya and Kazincbarcika (Borsod)
power plants depleted the funds.
b. Transmission Lines Under Construction
A high voltage 110 k:? transmission ]ine was under construction between
TISZAPALKONYA and DEBRECEN. (See Annex A.) This line was scheduled for completion
in December 1956, but because plans were modified to extend the line into Rumania
the new scheduled completion date- was unkr_own.
,A other transmission line of 110 kv was under construction between
DEBRECEN, BEKESCSABA, and SZEGED; its scheduled completion date of December 1956
was not mat because the Didsgyor Iron Works was unable to deliver steel high-tension
towers, due to Soviet commitments. This problem was discussed at a meeting of
Ministry for Mines and Power. A Ministry representative stated that the Soviets
had agreed to let Hungary have the necessary steel towers and that a new completion
schedule for December 195x' had been established. The completion of this power
line would enable the Matravid Power Plant to control the power distribution
in Number 1 High Capacity (110 kv Transmission) Grid in case the main power sub-
statial (Ngpliget) in BUDAPEST was put out of commission. Source stated that this
power line would complete the national power grid net of Hungary. The planned
13 hydroelectric plants to be erected on the Tisza Rivar were to cooperate within
this transmission line. The construction of new 110 kv transmission lines pro-
jested but not yej, pproved by the Council of Ministers were betw~e~n AJKA and
GYOR; MOSONMAGYARO-V , SOPRON and Austria; KOMIO, NAGYKANI~ZSA, LOVASZI, ZALAEGERSZEG,
SZOMBATHELY and SOPRON; TISZAPALKONYA and UNGTA. (USSR) ; LORINCI, SZOLNOK and
SZEGEDO
e. Power Sub-stations Under Construction
Power substations of importance were under construction at BEKESCS.PBA
and DEBRECEN. The completion of the Debrecen Power Substation (in December 1956)
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would enable the 110 kv transmission grid to supply power to the surrounding
chemical, medical, ball-bearing and aluminum manufacturing plants. Up The to.o projected
the existing
high i the ~raslinesinthad a o Rumania would electric
hvoltage transmission roelectric
power shortage in this area, as would the construction of the 13 hydroelectric
power plants on the Tisza River. The Bdkkscsaba power sub-station was also
scheduled for completion by December 1956, but the initial constructions had not
begun when Source left Hungary in February 1957. ERBE promised fulfillment of
the plans as soon as structural instructions were received.
d, Recently Electrified Railways
The Hungarian State Railway was lagging far behind its electrification
plans. This was mainly because the Diosgyo'r Steel Plant was unable to deliver
the steel towers due to a priority commitment to the USSR.
The only existing electrified railroad line was between HEGYESHALOM
and BUDAPEST, lso?local, electrified trains connected BUDAPEST with the suburban
towns of GODOLL6, TOROKB LINT and SZENTENERE.
A railway electrification project was presently underway from BUDAPEST
to MISKOLC. The section of this line from BUDAPEST to HATVAN was completed in the
spring of 1956. Source rode over this line after completion but he was not sure
whether any scheduled electric trains were yet in service. Construction between
HATVAN and MISKOLC seemed at a standstill because of delivery difficulties men-
tioned above. Other electrified railways were planned between BUDAPEST and
DEBRECEN, and BUDAPEST and KISKUNHALAS,
C. POWER DISTRIBUTION
1. History
The distribution of electric power in Hungary was accomplished with three
primary grids. (A graphic chart of the entire grid network, as Source remembered
it, is included on Annex A.) Source maintained that Hungary will have complete
integration of her electric power when the transmission lines and substations,
shown on Annex A as "Under Construction", are completed. He stated that it would
then be possible to quickly switch all of Hungary's electric power output to a
specified area.
All of the current in the three primary grids was standardized at three
phase, 50 cycle. Source stated that some variations of this standardization
existed among the very low capacity power plants that operated primarily for an
individual factory, 50X1-HUM
there had been a gradual increase in the electrification
of small villages in Hungary since 1938. He roughly estimated that villages up
to 2,000 inhabitants were 75 percent electrified. Communities over 2,000 inhabi-
tants were 100 percent electrified.
The three grid networks mentioned above were organized as follows:
a. Number 1- Grid
This grid transmitted power at 110 kv to all the major heavy indus-
tries and important defense plants in Hungary. For example: Diosgyor Iron Works,
the Osepel Industries in BUDAPEST, the Szt linvalros Iron Works- and the Gyor Wagon
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-14-
Works. The headquarters for this grid was located at the Power Plant Trust in
BUDAPEST, Iskola Utca 13. This grid consisted of all power plants rated at area 30,000
erem with
square nd ovThe er. aluminu
voltage connections were
of f 60 squmillimeters
of Delta type.
Number 1 Grid was under direct control of the Power Plant Trust by
means of a high frequency had to submit daily reports. Instructionsatoa
planned productirn schedule
these two grids were conveyed by telephone.
b. Number 2 Grid
This grid transmitted power at 60 kv to the electrified railroad
lines, military installations, postal facilities, radio stations and other essen-
tial installations, but not to private customers. This grid consisted of power
plants within the 10,000 to 309000 kw range; its headquarters was located in the
Ujpest (Budapest Municipal 'Elertrica3. System - PU01'DICT~ ) Power Plant. Number 2
Grid was able to supply and receive power from Number 1 and Number 3 Grids as
deemed necessary. The conductors and towers of this grid were of the same material
and size as those used by Number I Grid.
c. Number 3 Grid
This grid transmitted power at 35 kv to local industries and private
consumers. Selected power plants with an installed capacity of less than 1 ,000 kw
were included in this grid. The conductors were copper (35 sq mm) mounted grid are
shown on wooden or concrete poles. a T~ru~raict~urci~ ilin tseexactt].ocation and the extent ofx A
in green, but this is not P
this grid.
2. Control Centers 2.
The control and direction of power distribution was accomplished in the
Power Plant Trust control room (see Annex D for pinpoint location). After office
hours (0900 to 1700) control was taken over by a shift working in the BUDAPEST V,
Bathory Utca 12 control room which had an identical control board. In case of
an emergency, control was shifted to underground bunkers in the rock (Szikla) in
the Gellert Mountains, in BUDAPEST. All information from the plants in Number 1
Grid was reported on the high frequency carrier telecommunication system and re-
corded in the Power Plant Trust9s control rooms where the FAnorts were read and
rprnrAAA by technicians.
the communications system was of the carrier t and the
the lines of the power system were used to carry the signals. the sy50X1-H U M
f Austrian to chni-
was installed during the years 1950, 1951 and 1952 by a team
cians, and was headed by a technician
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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The Hungarian installation was caps ransmittin phone, teletype 50X1-HUM
wionalline information simultane
The The system was operative only on Number 1 Grid of the power system w
N mber
4+ -M nto the systems of 2
i
provisions made at unknown locations for
for communications.
facilities
t
l
e
p
and r Grids which used
50X1-HUM
iderable amount of technical signal 50X1-HUM
re was a cons
the 1 Grid
and at equipment installed in each of the0n2thepower
contr lstations
pan$lf ofueach station there the
sub-stations in GYOR and SZEGEDo
there
was an ordinary telephone and lights tltYPethe set.
controldpanel, whicheweratcontrolled
were a great number of signal
by the carrier system. These signal p~sntlTruat9seCQntrol Room. indicatedsany
distribution panel in the Power sort of malfunction anywhere in the system.
the communication system worked perfe 50X1-H U M
and that he had never known -it zo ut~ out of order. Repair and maintenance was
performed by a team of re pairm:~n who were stationed in BUDAPEST. These personnel
visited the various stations once a month and performed normal preventive main-
gafirm ve itwhich
tenance on the eystemo In addition, the eAustrian
very thoroughhchecking.
ment visited the installation once year
50X1-HUM
3. Interruption Factors
if the four most important sub-stations (Matravid~c
in MATRA YOR, N plige in A.PEST, and DIdSGYOR) in the Number 1 Grid were
destroyed, the result would be a complete paralysis of Hungary's heavy and light
industries. Only the local and small capacity power plants would be ,,able to con-
tinue operation. The destruction of the main power sub-station in NEPLIGET would
cripple BUDAPEST's electric supply and would cut off electricity to the surrounding
heavy industries; the result would be a shortage of 200,000 kw of power. Although
the Matravid,: sub-station could take over control and still supply 400,000 kw of
power to the high capacity national grid, the high frequency automatic control
would also be disrupted and the Matravidek control station would have to rely upon
telephone communication. Destruction of the Matravidakpower sub-station would
mean a shortage of 400,000 kw electric power to Number 1 high capacity Grid and
the subsequent destruction of either of the other three important sub-stations in
Hungary would result in serious curtailment of power in the national grid. The
destruction of a power plant would result only in the shortage of the respective
power plant's output. The cutting of one transmission line would have no serious
results because the power sub-stations could switch the electric power to other
lines or through other regional nets. Source emphasized that the elimination of
the for above mentioned major power sub-stations would completely paralyze n to be Hungary's power supply. In the foreseaab~l1a important uhrolewin the powerodistr motion
constructed in DEBRECEN would also play
-f-or it was to receive electric power from Rumania.
4. Air Defense Transmission Lines
In most of the major industrial plants in Hungary, a so-called
Air Defense Line could be found. The general consensus among the
were case
SEstandby CRET; they line
electrical technicians ense that
gen
classified reserve
underground
were was
lines this
gency. All the the air air defense
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cables and did not appear on power net maps; they transmitted at 35 kv. Under
no circumstances could the transmission of power on these lines be interrupted.
Source knew., for example. that the Didsd radio transmitter was supplied from
the'Szdkesfehrvr Power Plant9s sub-station by a direct air defense line, while
the Eger Fine Appliance Factory was served by an air defense line from the Dills,-
gyor Power Plant. The Ikervdr Hydroelectric Plant sub-station had a parallel
defense line to a radio relay station which Source believed was also a jamming
station. It was located between IKERVAR and SZOMBATHELY. The Air Defense Lines
assured electric power to the most important air defense centers, postal services,
radio services, and military centers. However, after the Communist regime came
to power, these lines were used to transmit power to strategic industrical instal-
lations. Formerly, they were reserved solely as emergency lines in case of air
raids or when the overhead lines were destroyed.
5. Power Sub-stations (See Annex A.)
The Nhpliget Power Substation, the largest and most important in BUDAPEST,
had the output of 12 power plants routed through it. It was located in the
People?s Park; it occupied an area of about 600 x 300 m which contained two one-
story brick buildings housing distributor relays. (See Annexes E and F.) There
were 10 transformers in the transformer yard, each was provided with a 600 liter
oil capacity circuit breaker. Eight incoming high tension cables connected this
sub-station with the other sub-stations. This sub-station was the heart of the
control and distribution of power for all high capacity power plants. During
the 1956 revolution, the existing power supply provided by the Mgtravidgle Power
Plant and the Komdrom sub-station was controlled and distributed from this station.
Security guards were provided by the AVH (Hungarian Security Forces) who checked
the station periodically.
The Diosgyor Sub-station was one of the four important sub-stations within
the Number 1 high capacity Grid (see Annex G and H).
The Gyor Sub-station was located inside the.Gyor Power Plant. It was
similar in shape and construction details to the power sub-stations in BUDAPES
SOPRON, VJkRPALOTA, SZEKESFEHERV(R, SZOMBATHELY, K6SZEG, and IKERVLR, as well as
the main power sub-station in BUDAPEST (Nepliget).
The Matrgvid& Sub-station was located inside the thermal power plant.
Source had no further information.
D. ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCING EQUIPMENT
1. Equipment Procurement
Until 1954 Hungary had been dependent upon imports to supply her with 50X1-HUM
electric power producing equipment. However, since 1954 the Hungarian industry
had advanced to such a degree that it was capable of planning, constructing. and
e i ing two thermal power plants in China and one each in USSR
In addition, ERBE drew the plans for a thermal power plant -ice Yugoslavia.
the engineers who constructed the power plants
and
were
g
-v--
--'a
r---- i"------
50X1-HUM
prises competing for these jobs.
50X1-HUM
Hungary was supposedly exporting transformers to many countries; also,
pulverized coal injection fed boilers, electric motors, and diesel engines.
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Although Hungary had made amazing progress in these major items of?equip-
mext, she was still completely dependent upon imports for precise measuring
instrumexts.Bueh as volt-amp--watt meters, automatic voltage regulators, calorimeters,
and special nontrol motors of the Leonard type. These instruments were imported
chiefly from Switzerland and East Germany. Equipment of Western manufacture was
generally available through unknown Austrian sources. The high frequency tele-
communications equipment, mentioned before, was installed by the Brown-Boveri
Company through Austrian channels. All power plants in Hungary were equipped
with some imported equipment but no detailed figures were available to Source-
50X1-HUM
Many of the major items of equipment produced by Hungary were copied from
foreign equipment. Source stated that it was apparent that the Hungarian manu-
facturers attempted to make slight modifications on all copied models.
Hungarian plants were gradually attaining top effici(5OX1-H U M
in their production of power producing equipment and spare parts. In describing
the various equipment used in the Hungarian Thermal Power Plants,
drawings found in a textbook written by Zoltan GATI, Professor at the Tech-
nical University in PECS, were the exact representations of the equipment manu50X1-HUM
factured and installed as listed below. These textbook drawings are shown as
Annexes I through P.
2. Source and Type of Equipment
a. Boilers and Steam Storage Tank
Four typical boilers now in use in Hungarian power plants are listed
below:
(1) Ship Boilers (See Annex I)
This British type boiler was produced at the Ganz Ship Plant
(Ganz Hajogyar) located on Vaci Road, BUDAPEST 13. These ship boilers were in
sizes from 5 to 100 tph in 5 tph increments. Source stated that several of these
boilers (30 tph) were installed at the power plants in KAZINCBARCIKA (Kisbarcika),
VARPALOTA and SZERESFEHERVAR.
(2) Babcock-Wilcox Boilers or Angle Grate Boiler (See Annex J.)
This type of boiler was used in older, usually smaller capacity,
power plants, such as those in SALGOTARJAN, KECSKEMET, and SZEGED. This boiler
was manufactured at the same plant and in identical sizes as the above ship
boiler.
(3) Cornwall Axle Type Boiler (See Annex K.)
These were low capacity boilers (5 to 10 tph) used in small
plants. Source recalled that the plant in KISKUNFELEGYHAZA used these boilers.
They were also manufactured at the Ganz Ship Plant.
(4) Stirling Boiler (See Annex L)
This was the most modern boiler employed in Hungary. It was
installed in the reclntly constructed plants at TISZAPALKONYA, KAZINCBARCIKA
(Borsod), and MATRA. ? This boiler (30 to 100 tph) was equipped with traveling
grate system (see Annex N) and pulverized coal injection device. The original
Stirling design had to be modified for Hungarian use by moving the firing place
nkarer to the boiler for the low calorie coal. This type boiler was manufactured
at the Ganz Ship Plant in BUDAPEST.
(5) Ruths Steam Storage Tank (See Annex M)
Ruths type steam storage tanks (by Ganz) were installed in power
plants of number 1 Grid. The tanks stored enough steam for two hours of turbine
operation.
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b. Turbines 50X1-HUM
The major types of turbines in use in Hungary were the obsolete
ee Annex 0) and the newer Brown-Boveri Company (BBC) turbine
"Zoelly" turban
(see Annex P). the old Zoelly turbines were uneconomical and
with
were being replaced by the BBC turbine. All new plants were being equipped
the BBC turbine. Both of these turbines and parts were manufactured, with slight
Hungarian modifications, by the Lang Machine Plant (Lang Gapgyyr), Vdci Utca,
BUDAPEST 13.
c. Tranaf ormers
Transformers presently in use in Hungary were designed by a former
Hun arian firm, Szabo-Mateff r Transf ormer and Electric Appliance Plan , K b nyn
g This plant was natiopalized in 95i an
BIIDP. Lov6hdz Utca, BUDAPEST 2. In addition
Electric Plant T(Ganz Villamossagi Gyar), i
ln
to transformers, this plant manufactured electric motors and motor-generator units.
d. Cranes
Cranes of approximately 25, to 50 ton capacity used in the power plants
were produced at the Crane Plant in GYOR.
e. Miscellaneous Equipment and Plants
Ganz Control Equipment Plant (GanzVezer1sWitch )gear , K3bquipment,andDA-
PEST 8. This plant manufactured control equipment,
various types of fuses.
The Ganz Motor and Machine Plant (Ganz Motors Gepgyar), Kobanyai Ut,
BUDAPEST 8. This plant manufactured diesel motors, speed regulators, and turbines.
United Incandescent (Egyesult Izzo), Kuls'6 Vaci Ut, BUDAPEST 4, manu-
factured mercury rectifiers and electric pumps.
The Furnace and Chimney Construction Enterprise (Kazan es KemIny
Berendezesi Vallalat), Fehervari' 9, constructed smoke stacks and
installed furnaces and caloric steam pipe
The Pump Manufacturing Plant (SzivattiA=Gyar) manufactured high pressure
pumps.
k
u
r
r
trans
and
The Electric Measuring Imo r manuf actured
voltlamp meterse
Gyara), Kiilsb Kerepesi Ut, BUDAPEST 1C,
formers.
Plant (Di6sgyor Vasszerkezeti Gyzr)
ti
on
The Dior Steel Construc
manufactured steel frames, rods, steel stsuctures for control houses, and steel
towers for high voltage transmission lines.
The Budapest Cable Plant (Kabel Gyar), Fehervari Ut, BUDAPEST 9,
manufactured transmission cables and wires, insulators, tar paper, bakelite strips,
and insulator oils.
The Kdbenyai Ceramic Plant (Kobenyai Keremia Gyas, formerly ~Drasche
I~hi~vek) manufactured fire brick~t) for furnaces porcelain aid
"Steatit" porcelain, and high voltage porce
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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The Csepel Pipe Manufacturing Plant (Csepeli Cso Gyar) in BUDAPEST
manufactured pipes for boilers.
The Ozd Steel Plant (dzdtVasgyar) manufactured rolled iron sheets
for the boilers,
f. Installation of Power Plant Equipment
Items of equipment used in connection with water were installed by
the installation department of ERBE, located at Martink UtjaD BUDAPEST 2,
E. POWER PLANTS
10 Organization and Operation
The power plants in Hungary were controlled by cooperatives Number 1, 2
and 3 (see Annex B), These cooperatives constituted the three major transmission
grids in Hungary. The following organization and operation was common to all
power plants.
difficulty was lack of money, worker
exceed 15 to 20 percent of value).
a, Planning Department
Each electric power plant had a planning department which was staffed
by a chief planner and one or more technicians (depending on the size of the plant)
who were chiefly concerned with submitting budgetary yearly plans to the Electric
Power Plant Trust for approval. The budget had to be submitted during the summer
preceding the calendar year that the plan was to go into effect. The plan con-
sisted of three sectionsso production- inspection, repair, and service; and
development and improvement of plant, Before the planning department began to
assemble the final plan, all departments submitted their routine inspection,
repair, innovations and maintenance needs for the following year. The plans 050X1-HUM
the departments had to be reviewed and signed by the power plant manager. He
eliminated duplication from the plans and also correlated the amount of expenses
for repair, service, and maintenance to the value of equipment (which was not to
He added, when the money was received the plant manager's task was to divide th50X1-H U M
appropriation in such a wa that his plant would continue operating according t
the Ministr 9s orders,
the plant manager9s chief
s, and materials 0 percent of the needed
ble). plant managers h,;
to juggle allocations carefully just to receive a portion of money requested, "L)""
spare or component parts were avail
the planned production had to u e , no
matter ow much the inspection, repair and service or development and improvement
suffered because of the 100 percent production figure. This was always equal to
full capacity of each plant. The pay of the plant manager and his staff (chief
engineers) was contingent on production (80 percent production meant 80 percent
pay for the plant manager and his staff). Full production was automatically
rewarded by premium,- loss in production caused immediate investigation by inspec-
trs of the Ministry and the AVH; the scapegoats were punished. After a planning
department had received the plan from the plant manager, they submitted it for
approval to the Electric Power Plant Trust, Prior to 31 December, preceding the
year the plan was to be effective, the Electric Power Plant Trust returned its
version of the plan with changes and/or approval. Source stated the Electric
Power Plant Trust never saw "eye to eye" with reality and stressed production
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-T~
above the other two sections, and appropriated only a portion of the requested
amount for repairs and improvements. No matter how valid the arguments of the
plants, the Electric Power Plant Trust always won. Source stated he made up
most of the appropriation shortage by not changing oil in transformers and turbo-
generators as prescribed, but he instructed responsible personnel to watch that
the transformer temperature should not exceed 90 degrees Centigrade (permitted
temperature 110 degrees Centigrade) and to watch the turbogenerators. Further-
more, he secretly built calorimeters in the boiler system to save coal.
(1) Allocation of Appropriation to Departments
When the plans for the year were returned by the Electric Power
Plant Trust, they were divided into quarters, then into monthly and finally into
weekly plans. The weekly plans were then submitted to the individual departments
where they were divided into daily plans and the requirements were entered in the
work log (Uzemnapl6). Each piece of equipment and/or auxiliary equipment had its
individual work log which contained the equipment nomenclature, its necessary
service schedule and a space for breakdowns and repairs. The work log had to be
signed during each shift by every department chief who also added, if applicable,
a note of observation if a fault were discovered in the preceding shift; to clear
himself in case of any breakdown in the equipment. Every 24 hours the plant
manager or his assistant reviewed the work logs and signed them.
Supplementary budgetary plans were issued during the budget year,
usually when an unexpected machine breakdown occurred. For examples one turbo-
generator breakdown required one week to repair. The supervisor of the respec-
tive turbogenerator department immediately reported the breakdown over the carrier
communications system to this Turbine Department in the Electric Power Plant Trust.37?
The supervisor of the turbogenerator drew up plans of expected
expenses, which included material and labor,and submitted them to the plant manager
who in turn submitted the supplementary plan to the Electric Power Plant Trust for
approval. In case the amount needed for the repair of the turbogenerator exceeded
the already approved a ro riation for the fiscal year, a supplementary appropria-
tion was approved. in case a money saving improvement was in-
stalled in a power plant, the supervisor of the department submitted a plan showing
the saving, in which case the Electric Power Plant Trust had to be reimbursed,
b. Inspection, Repair, and Service
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
inspection, repair and service in the power plants
were An ccomplex that it was impossible for him to recall all the details.
ch
wh
la
i
1~s,
14u pumps were needed in one of UL IV p
r---r- - __50X1-HUM
untreated water, condenser-air, circulation pumps for turbogenerator feed and
steam, injection pumps to boilers and others. Shortages such as these were the
reason why all inspectors, no matter how skilled, shied away from investigating
the correct use of appropriations, when the plant was running smoothly. 50X1-HUM
routine tests and maintenance were continuously 50X1-HUM
performed by the men in charge of the individual equipment, who continuously had
to observe the instruments of the machines in operation and to report immediately
in the work log any deviation from normal operation. every plant
manager was most concerned about boilers. The boilers were the most sensitive
equipment and each required monthly service. 50X1-HUM
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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The permitted period for servicing each boiler was eight weeks for a
42-man service crew. Source stated that his'repair crew consisted of the machine
shop crow and special boiler crew geared for the highest efftctency andT-c-oald-
seryice a boiler in four weeks. The saving in money, which was kept secret, was
divided among the boiler service crew and the plant management. Source added
that the reason he kept the time and money saving secret, was because previously
a few persons who had invented time-saving procedures received only a small token
award, while the saving actually amounted to many thousands of forints.
Most of the time was saved by the plant chemical engineer who used an
unidentified formula he had obtained from a British colleague,1which dissolved
boiler water residue. This solution was sprayed on the lining of the boiler
after which simple scrubbing and flushing removed the residue. Previously, the
removal of this residue was the most time.,consuming work in the entire servicing
program. Subsequently the innovation was incorporated in routine servicing.
50X1-HUM
that before the crew began servicing a boiler the
carefully studied the deficiency entries in the boiler log, then the boiler was
y
completely disassembled and all defective parts were replaced. After reassembling
the boiler a 24-hour water pressure test was conducted, which was witnessed for a
few hours by the plant manager and his staff. A report of each boiler service was
then made, signed by the plant manager and forwarded to the Electric Power'Plant
Trust. While one boiler was being serviced, the boiler to be serviced next was
closely watched for deficiencies. 50X1-HUM
that the remainder of the equipment
including the turbo-
,
generators, which were supposed to be serviced every two years, were ignored, but
entered in the log as "service accom lishedN an t money allotted for their
service was drawn from the bank. this money was then used to50X1-H U M
carry out necessary repairs for w c a budget was originally submitted to the 50X1-HUM
Electric Power Plant Trust and disapproved. the service timn
allotted for a turbogenerator was four weeka. usually the double
holidays (1 and 2 May and 2 Christmas days, a c. were used to perform the most
needed repairs on the turbogenerators and actually a turbogenerator was serviced
only once every three years.
50X1-HUM
all budget expenditures for operation and
maintenance were planned in advance and always closed with a deficit. Maintenance
was neglected because of a shortage, of funds. For example, the construction budget
of 180,000,000 Forints for the Matravid' Power Plant ran into 240,000,000 Forinta
by the time remodeling was completed. Funds usually projected for the up-keep
and maintenance of the plants were directed into other channels because of neces-
sity. 50X1-HUM
There was no shortage of skilled labor at the lower echelons such as
line repairmen, mechanics and locksmiths. There was, however, a shortage in the
more responsible and executive positions. Turbine breakdowns and fro ent acci
dents on the job could be traced to the lack of maintenance, the
chief reason for these breakdowns and accidents was the lack of maintenance funds
and the reluctance on the part of some engineers to accept positions of responsi-
bility for fear of severe reprisals against them in case of a major breakdown or
accident.
It was practically impossible under a given budget to fulfill the
production norms unless one circumvented the prescribed rules and regulations
of operations. Therefore, skilled engineers desired positions of skilled techni-
cians rather than a job of responsibility. Source knew of such persons. For
example: a former engineer of the Ganz Electric Plant with approximately 30 years
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C_O_N-F-I_D-E-N-T-I-A-L
I,,
as a
ki
nH
sneer for the construction department was wor
experience as chief engineer in 1957. an K of POZVEE,
switchboard operator at the Csepel Paper 50X1-HUM'~
had refused a position with the Electric Power Plant Trust. rviae main -
breakdowns and accidents would increase due to this lack of supe 50X1-HUM
tonance.
c. Miscellaneous Operations
(1) Laboratory Functions
Every plant had a laboratory usually altlest8o~the fees ~at~mC?ing
engineer or technician, ~oessas an hourly
water had to be below 18 50X1-HUM
degrees the treating pr ore it could be used in the
degrees "Hard" (German water measurement,-sic) 360 degrees Cboilers. Slag was tested for coal content by heating it ed from Centigrade.
a furnace
The maximum coal content allowed before slag could be discharg he plant's log was below five percent. Results of these tests were entered into a technicaltuniveraity for.
A sample of the plant's coal had to be sent monthly
testing.
?(2) Communication Equipment (Other Than Carrier Communication System)
power plant in Hungary had a telephone switchboard
Each electric tom PTT All used "Citromat" type
which operated over the Hungarian Postal System (PTT). )
switchboards. The large power plants, including the Mdtra plant had a switchboard
ants ith 5 outside trunks and 200 extensions. The ~dap1D rog~f and~3algo- - A-L
0
o
(? 'd
(D D 0
'1 '1 t- D
cPPa. 4 c
(D
cD cD
C+
U N
ct B
50X1-HUM,
50X1-HUM
0=0=N-F=1=D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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50X1-HUM
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L?
-32-
Legend to Annex B
The following enterprises were under the direct supervision of the Mines
and Power Ministry:
1. The minister and vice minister of the Ministry of Mines and Power
were respectively S odor CZOTITNER and Laszld BIDAS. CZO R was a
member of the Communist Party.
2. Mine Planning and Construction Enterprise (Binya Tervezo es Epita
VVllalat) was an administratively independent enterprise for planning
construction and reconstruction of coal mines. It received its orders
from the Ministry for Mines and Power Plants and in turn gave out
construction projects to the Ministry for Furnace and Machine Industries:
The offices were located in BUDAPEST V, Szebadsig TerNumber.5 and 6.
3. Directorate of Coal Mines (Banya Tpari SgazgatoWg - BII) located at
Marko Utca 16, BUDAPEST. The director was KOVAbS (fnu), who was also
deputy to the minister of Mines and Power on coal matters. The function,.
of the Directorate of Coal Mines was to direct and control the following
trusts:
4. Coal Mines Production Trust (B aszati Tro"szt). This trust was
divided into the following cooperatives:
5. Large Capacity Coal Mines Cooperative.
This. cooperative directed the coal output of the PetSfi Mines in
LORINCI and GYONGY3S which produced 3,000 tons of lignite daily rated
at 1,500 kcal/kg.
6. Middle Capacity Coal Mines Cooperative.
This cooperat ve directed the co l output of the mines ih KAZPCBARCIKA
(Bor,sod&), SAM6SZERTPLfTER, SZIJHAKA=, KIR LD, H RBOLYA, DI$ZNOSHOR`IAT,
RUDOT YZELEP, and eight u ecailed mines. The average calorific rating
at this coal was 3,000 kcal/kg.
Small Capacity Coal. Mines Cooperative. i
This cooperative directed the coal output of the mine in EDELENY and
about 20 other unrecalled mines.
8. Coal Distribution Trust (Sz4n Eloszt6 Tro6t).
This trust was divided into three cooperatives which distributed the
coal according to priority set by Ministry of Heavy Industry. The
cooperatives are as follows:
9. Cooperative for High Priority Enterprises.
This cooperative diptributed coal to-the Csep4 Steel Plant in BUDAPEST,
steel plant in SZTALINVI(ROS, steel plant in DIOSGYOR, thirty-nine
thermal power plants, and other unrecalled heavy industries.
10. Cooperative for Medium Priority Enterpriseso
This coops tine distributed coal to the State Railways (Magyar Allam
Vasutak - V), post offices, radio stations, military installations,
and civilian consumers.
11. Cooperative for Low Priority Enterprises and Civilian Consumers.
This cooperative distributed coal to law capacity thermal power plants
in light industries and civilian consumers.
d
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-33-
..lend to Annex B (coat' d)
Le
12..Directorate of Power Plants (Villany Iper IgazgatosAg - VII) located at
Marko Utca 16 in BUDAPEST. This directorate was responsible for the
administration of the power plants. The distribution of power also
came under its realm of responsibility.
The director and vice director were respectively Laszlo ERJS and Oddn
IIYI. Both were members of the Communist Party. 50X1-HUM
the actual business of the directorate was
handled by the vice- director., to whom the vice directors of the Power
Plant Trust and the Electric Power Distribution Trust reported. The
directors were political figureheads. this was 50X1-HUM
also the case with the Minister of Mines and Power an the deputies
of the two coal trusts.
13. Power Plant Trust located at Iskola Utca 13 in BUDAPEST I (See Annex C).
The Power Plant Trust was responsible for the over-all control of 52
power plants which constituted the three cooperatives. According to
plans for 1956 the Power Plant Trust was to provide power to Hungary's
industry and. private cons ers at a constant rate of 192009000 kw/hr.
The director of the Trust was Sendor CZE TERTICS. The vice director
and chief engineer of the t-' t was Elem4r HA2W. HAM V., a former Arrow
Crass Party (Nazi) member, was a hated and feared individual and
opportunist. Vilmos GY6IY assII.ste d HAAJ J in technical matters.
Subordinate to the Power Plat Trnst were the following three cooperatives%
14. The Number 1 Cooperative of High Capacity Pmrar Plants. All power plants with an installed capac=ity of 309000 kw or higher belonged Y
to this cooperative and ford the Number 1 Grid (110 ku) . 50X1-HUM
15. The Number 2 Medium. Capacity Cooperative.
All power plants with an installed capacity of 109000 to 309000 kw
belonged to this cooperative and formed the Number 2 Grid (60 kv).
The Division Chief and Chief Fm gineer was Miklos ZARAI9 who was not a
Communist Party member.
16. The Number 3 Low Capacity Cooperative.
Selected power plants with an installed capacity of less than 10 000 kw
belonged to this cooperative and foi?med the Number 3 Grid (35 kv5.
17. Electricity Distribution Trust (Arameloszto Tr szt - AT), located in
BUDAPEST. This trust was responsible for the distribution of electric
power to the consumers. The actual distribution was further delegated
to the following three cooperatives:
18. Cooperative for High Priority Industries.
All heavy industries were supplied by this cooperative with highest
priority given to the Csepel Steel Plant, Sztalinvaros Steel Plant
and the Di+Ssgyor Steel Plants. Coal mines were also supplied by this
cooperative.
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-34-
Legend to Annex B (contl d)
19. Cooperative for Medium Priority Industries.
The R garian State Railways, post offices, radio stations, and
military installations were among the consumers supplied by this
cooperative.
20. Cooperative for Low Priority Industries.
Light industries rand private consumers were supplied by this cooperative.
21. eetricj Power Planning and Construction Enterprise (Erb Beruhazo, es
Epitd Vallalat - EBBE) located in BUDAPEST at Sz4chenyi Rakpart 3. BE
was a state owned company which was jointly controlled by the Ministry
of Mines and Power and the Ministry of Housing and Public Construction.
It was under the administration of the Directorate of Power Plants and
Directorate of Coal Mines. This enterprise planned and constructed all
new power plants and coal mines.
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Anrier,D
Approximate Location of the Power Plant Trust's Control Centers
Map Reference:
T
Overlay 7
Scale:, 1:15,000
5265
5263
354
50X1-HUM
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Legend to Annex D
1. Mergit Bridge of iron and concrete construction about 600 m long and 12 a
wide which spanned the Danube River.
2. Mergit Island
3. Szent Istvaa K6rut
4. Mine and Electric Power Ministry located on Markk Utca 16. It was a three-
story brick building measuring about 600 x 600 m.
j. Hungarian Parliament Building.
6. Bathory Utca,
7. The Power Trust Control Center was located on the ground floor of a four-
story brick structure. Two electricians were on duty to control the
distribution of electric power during evening hours, weekends,, and holidays.
The control of the 110 kv transmission grid was directed from here by the
use of carrier communication equipment. Source stated that information on
the control and distribution of the eleotric power was classified as
searat. Therefore,, all electricians on duty here were members of the
Communist Party, chosen because of their trustworthiness, and were paid
relatively high salaries. Fatrance to this installation was strictly
forbidden to unauthorized persons. The upper floors of this four-story
building were apartments. It was unknown to the populace that this build-
ing was occupied by the Power Plant Trust Control Center. This installation
was completed between 1950 and 1951. The two electricians on duty each
shift were able to control the output of the electric power plants by means
of the instrument board. They were connected by direct telephone lines to
all of the power plants,, because entry into the Power Plant Trust Control
Center was prohibited during the night hours.
8. Kossuth Bridges of iron and concrete constraction3 it was built in 19146.
It was of'. such igferio-,s c~~n~tr ct .on tl t. slnea;.the.sprit:g of ,1956 ?cinly
pedestri?ns could uze it.
9. F6 Utca.
10. Iskola Utca. The entrance to the Power Plant Trust of the Mine and Power
Ministry was located on this street.
11. Power Plant Trust Building; a three-story, red brick building measuring
about 50 x 10 x 14 m. Source's office was located in this building. The
Power Plant Trust was actually located on the second floor of the building.
Entrance to the building from Iskola Utca was restricted to those with
identity cards. The control center for power distribution was also located
on the second floor; entrance to this center was restricted to all except
the director of the power trust,, his assistant, and the electricians on duty.
The control room, by means of instruments,, could check and control the power
output, frequency and the total voltage of the power plants within the
high capacity grid. When, for example,, power shortage was noticed, the
respective power plant was immediately notified by using the carrier tele-
communication system and the power plant had to justify the power shortage.
Any disturbances in the transmission grid were immediately signalled by
a horn and a red light which remained on until the disturbance was corrected.
The control room measured approximately 5 x 5 x 4 m-. The switch board was
divided into 14 equal control panels on which surveying and d.istribution
instruments were installed. Each panel belonged to a power plant and each
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-40-
Legend to Annex D
1. Margit Bridge of iron and concrete construction about 600 m long and 12 m
wide which spanned the Danube River.
2. Mergit Island
3. Szent Istven Korut
4. Mine and Electric Power Ministry located on Marks Utca 16. It was a three-
story brick building measuring about 600 x 600 m.
5. Hungarian Parliament Building.
6. Bathory Utca.
7. The Power Trust Control Center was located on the ground floor of a four-
story brick structure. Two electricians were on duty to control the
distribution of electric power during evening hours, weekends, and holidays.
The control of the 110 kv transmission grid was directed from here by the
use of carrier communication equipment. Source stated that information on
the control and distribution of the electric power was classified as
secret. Therefore,, all electricians on duty here were members of the
Communist Party, chosen because of their trustworthiness, and were paid
relatively high salaries. Entrance to this installation was strictly
forbidden to unauthorized persons. The upper floors of this four-story
building were apartments. It was ua1mcswu to the populace that this build-
ing was occupied by the Power Plant Trust Control Center. This installation
was completed between 1950 and 1951. The two electricians on duty each
shift were ably to control the output of the electric power plants by means
of the instrument board. They were connected by direct telephone lines to
all of the power plants, because entry into the Power Plant Trust Control
Center was prohibited during the night hours.
8. Kossuth Bridge, of iron and concrete construction; it was built in 1946.
It was of such inferior' c_.,n6tradt .on'that. since;, the:;sprit:g of .1956 -only
pedestrians could uze it. ? 11 .
9. Fo Utca.
10. Iskola Utca, The entrance to the Power Plant Trust of the Mine and Power
Ministry was located on this street.
11. Power Plant Trust Building- a three-story, red brick building measuring
about 50 x 10 x 14 m. Source's office was located in this building. The
Power Plant Trust was actually located on the second floor of the building.
Entrance to the building from Iskola Utca was restricted to those with
identity cards. The control center for power distribution was also located
on the second floor; entrance to this.center was restricted to all except
the director of the power trust,, his assistant,, and the electricians on duty.
The control room, by means of instruments, could-check and control the power
output, frequency and the total voltage of the power plants within the
high capacity grid. When, for example, power shortage was noticed, the
respective power plant was immediately notified by using the carrier tele-
communication system and the power plant had to justify the power shortage.
Any disturbances in the transmission grid were immediately signalled by
a horn and a red light which remained on until the disturbance was corrected.
The control room measured approximately 5 x 5 x 4 m?. The switch board was
divided into 14 equal control panels on which surveying and distribution
instruments were installed. Each panel belonged to a power plant and each
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-41-
Legend to Annex D (Contrd)
paver plant had an identical installation. The control room was operated
by two electricians who were on duty between 0800 and 1700 hours. All
instructions to the paver plants had to have the prior approval of the
director of the Paver Plant 'rust, Saindor 'CSj N'i tICS, assistant director
Elemer HA,,= or of the chief of the technical department and chief engineer
Vilmos GYOR.
12. Danube River.
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-42-
C-0-N47mI-D=F,-N-T-I-A-L
50X1-HUM
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-43-
Legend to Annex E
The entrance to the subs-station was always closed; one of the electricians
on duty vould open the door to authorized persons upon proper identification.
1. Two concrete sand bins, each had iron doors on top and each contained three
tons of sand to be used in case of fire.
2. Relay rooa; all power switches were located in this room.
3. Brick building measuring 10 x 6 x 5 n; it had a flat concrete roof. Offices,
storage rooms-for measuring instruments, and dressing rooms were located
here e
4. Foam extinguisher, to be used in case of electric fires.
5. Entrance about four m wide with a double-winged door which was always
closed. Only had to ring the bell to gain entrance to the compound.
6. Ten transformers manufactured by the Ganz Electrical Works. They were the
closed type which could be switched on in parallel, any number, to the
incoming high tension line.
7. Fence,-two & -,high of mesh wire, with barbed wire on top, surrounded the sub-
station.
8. Building of the same construction as item 3 above. It was used to store
spare parts for the sub-station; it also housed some offices.
9. Power sub-station control room; it had the same function as item 2 above;
two electricians were on duty here. It contained all the power switches
for the high capacity transmission grid. The signal equipment and storage
batteries were operated on 24+ volts. Orders to switch power were received
from the control office of the Power Plant Trust. However, this room could
also control the power distribution independently, through the carrier
telecommunications system.
10. High tension tower supporting eight high voltage transmission lines, equip-
ment with al=it reake s-. . .
11. Four voltage regulators.
12. High voltage transmission lines for the eight high voltage transmission lines
in the grid.
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-44-
Approximate Location of the Nepliget Sub-station
3571
Legend:
1. KOinyai Ut
2. Ndpliget Sub-station consisted oftwo
one-story, brick buildings with flat
concrete roofs; each 10 x 6 x 5 m. It
was located on the corner of Simon Utca
and KSnyves Kalmdn Avenue in BUDAPEST.
3.. People's Park and amusement park.
4. Vajda Pal i Utca. entrance to power-sub-station
:T.. rlillt Pal Uttoa).crossed, the;Yedple's .Bark.
5. ut; one of the main thoroughfares
in BUDAPEST.
6.. K6nyves K4lm'n K6rut.
7. Ganz Motor and Machine Plant; a complex
of industrial buildings which manu-
factured railroad locomotives, internal
combustion and diesel engines.
5262
O
i
Map Ref:
Scale: 1:15,000
5259
3 59
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-45-
Annex G
Pinpoint Location of the Dios vdr Power Sub-stato
Map Ref:
.5232
473
Legend
rux U1 PUDAULU,
Scale., 1:50,000
11
1. A LILLAFURED - MISKOLC road; 6 m wide; concrete'.''
2. Szinva River; about three meters wide and one meter deep mountain-.. ..f-
3S.
Outskirtis of the cities of DIOSGYOR and MISKOLC- total populati
of about 160,000.
n
4.
Szinva River, same as item 2 above.
5311
5.
Didsgy8r Power Sub-station.
6.
Narrow gauge railroad line connecting MISKOLC with LILLAFURED;
it carried passengers and freight traffic.
7.
Bukk MRuntains; covered with deciduous and pine trees. 479
8.
LILLAFURED; a resort town.
9.
Lake Humor.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-1-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-T
-46-
Legend to Annex H
1. The plant area was 80? x 800 in. A mesh wire fence, about two meters
high, mounted on concrete poles and topped with barbed wire enclosed
three sides of the sub-station; the east side was enclosed by a brick
wall, 80 m of which was the building shown as item 15 below.
2. The 12 transformers had a ratio of 35/110 kv, 60110 kv, and 35/60 k;
their capacity was unknown.
3. Transmission tower of iron construction; it supported four transmission
lines and was about 10 to 20 m high.
4. Voltage regulators.
5. Chain insulators for the high voltage transmission cables.
6. Foam extinguishers recessed into concrete, they were about 1.5 m high and
1 m high in diameter, used for electric fires.
7. Sand storage bins constructed of concrete with iron doors on the top,
each contained three tons of dry sand to be used in case of fire.
8. Building, two-story, brick structure about 150 x 8 x 8 m, with a flat
concrete roof. The upper floor contained two apartments for two
electricians.
9. Control room Number 1, with automatic control boards located on the
ground floor of the building (item 8 above).
10. Entrance about six meters wide, with a wooden gate which was kept
closed.
11. Control room Number 2, same as item 9 above.
12. Same as item 7 above.
13. Same as item 2 above.
14. Same as item 4 above.
15- Building 80 ac 20 x 4 to 5 m, its center part for about 20 m was 8 m high.
It contained the switch house, offices, workshops, warehouse, garage
and the guard's-room. The second floor had two apartments for the two
chief electricians, one of whom was always on duty.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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CO IN F I L-,E NT I A. L
ANNEX
M
CROSS SECTION OF TUBING SYSTEM
52-
CON E IOE niTia.~-
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C-O:-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-56-
Legeend to Annex P
The points nnmsbered 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,l0,ll,12,13,15,17,18,20 and 23 below,
coiiiid be serviced by the power plant's personnel. All other points were
servioed*by trained personnel of the plant which san actured the turbine's
governor.
1. Air exhaust valve.
2. VA, puep for start of steam operated turbine.
3. Oil tubing to balibearing housing. C
4. Oil tubing.
5. Main oil tubing.
6: Hand wheel 'for start of operation.
7. Start and quick-closing valve.
Oil pressure starting pump (not shown).
9 Main steam locking valve.
10. Stabilizing valve. -
11. Main stabilizing valves.
12. Operation oil pump.
13: Operation regulator.
14. Membrane to oil feeder.
15. Hand wheel and. electric motor parallel switch.
16: "Oil pomp.
.
17: Safety regdl.ator.
18. Start and quick-closing valve.
19. Base of driving gear...
20. IIaergeacy stopping ba tton.
21. Adjustable counter-pressure spring.
22. Oil pressure control valve.
23". Oil, control valve.
24. Air'release valve.
25. Pipe connection.
26. Governor valve.
27. Membrane"control valve.
28. Ant6satie oil pressure valve.
A. Main oil feed pipe.
S.. Control slide
L. Safety oil inspection valve.
J. Air control valve.
N. Oil distribution valve.
T. Unidentified.
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0
cr'
rn
0
a
O
0
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-58-
7 Bend to Annex q
no plant covered an'area of 800 x 1.,600 m Which was s
fence 2 a high.
1. ]ktrance, double wing iron door., continuously open and unguarded.
2. Main thermal power plant building., 80 x 140 m , two-story, old reinforced
brick structure, with hangar' type roof, except for roof above the offices
which was flat. It contained the followings
a. Doorman' a booth and plant l'o'bby.
b. Four offices used by the plant administratione
e. Boiler house; contained six Babcock and Wilcox (5 tph), traveling grate
`;type boilers.
d. Turbogenerator house., with overhead traveling crane of unknown capacity
It contained. four ZOELLY type condenser typo.-turbogenerators.,
two., five-megawatt and two, tiro-megawatt units*
e. Carrier comaunication equipment operated by technician in charge of the
control house. It served only the open transformer yard.
f. Control home; contained an instrument board and an instrument control
table.
394. Two railroad gates, each four m wide., open only when in use.
5,6. Coal and slag piles.
7. European standard game railroad track of the Gyor industrial torn railroad
net.
8. Open transformer yard, surrounded by mesh wire fence. It contained three
30,000 kw and three 10,000 kw transformers.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-59-
Annex R
Map Ref:
Hungary 1:50,000
GYOR
int Location of the G or Thermal Power Plant
00
86 4-
a
ros
Gy&rv
Power Plant
C-0 N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-60-
Annex S
r Pinpoint Location of the Tiszapalkonya Thermal Power Plant (1)
5308
506
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E -T-I-A-L
-61-
LLgend to Annex 8
1. TissspalkonYaa Thermal Power Plant, under constraation. It was a j,
rota tga7.ar-shaped area approximately 1200 x 800 a.
2. 8iagle railroad spur. This was not shown on the sue It branched off
the main railroad line leading to KIBKDLC sear HXJOPAPI.
3. Town limits of TISZAPALIDJYA.
k. Tissa River.
S. ](acadan road about four meters wide; in good condition.
6. Macadam road about four meters wide; newly built and in excellent
condition.
7. Town limits of Tiszaoszl6w.
Be Plant's railroad station.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-0_N_F_I-D-FrN-T-I-A-T
-63"
Legend to Annex S-1
1. Road (see item 6, Annex S).
2. Oats, a doable wing, steel door, five meters wide with a drop-bar.
3. Gyard house, a one-story brick structure with a flat concrete roof, about
10 x 5 x 4 m . It contained a room where three to four civilian guards
chocked all persons entering, and a storage room where three hand pumps
and six foam generators with extinguishers were stored.
1~. Park, with trees in the center.
5. Storage building, one-story, brick structure, about 80~' x 5 x 4 meters with
a shed-type roof. All construction materials and machinery were stored
in this building. This building consisted of the following rooms:
a. Storage room, containing electrical instruments and small spare parts
for turbines and boilers.
b. Storage room and fuel station, containing about 0-00 drums each with a
0-00 liter capacity they contained diesel turbine and other lubrication
oils. The fuel station had v" underground cuntainera of 20,000 liters.
They were connected. by underground pipelines running along the fence
(Item 6 bela7w) to the railroad gate (Item 9 below) where the fuel was
pumped out of ratir ad tank cars.
c. Storage room, containing spare parts for turbines only. This storage
was being used by Lag Machine b actory in BUDAPEST., which mounted the
turbines.
d. Storage room, contain mg spare parts for boilers only. This storage
belonged to the Canty Sbip3"era in BUDAPEST., which mounted the boilers.
a, Storage room,ecsastaining firebricks and, pacing materials for boilers and
pipes. This storage was used by the Boiler and Pipe Factory in BUDAPEST,
which assembled the entire pipe system of the plant.
f . Bath and sharer room.
g. Storage
room, containings storage roomebeparts r longed electrical
whichiperformmedsalld
equipment. iconstruction.
h. Garage, containing three Potie-"a, USSR made, automobiles.
J. Storage room for equipment belonging to the State Road Construction
Company in BUDAPEST, which performed all earthwork.
J. Mess hall, used by workers employed by various companies which were
engaged in building the plant.
k. Storage room, containing beds, sheets, blankets, mattresses and pillows.
1. Living room, for workers employed by the various building companies
engaged in the plant construction.
6. Fence of mesh wire, supported by two-meter-high iron poles located five meters
apdrt. ..
7. Power Plant Building, two-story, reinaforced concrete construction with steel
frame sky-lights, about 61?' x 40~ x 10 m,
C=0_N_F-1-D-E-N-T-I-A-L-
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C-O-N-F-I-DoE-N-T-I-A-L
-64-
Legend to Annex S-1 (Contid)
a. Boiler house, about 6o1#' x 150 x 10 mq
b. Turbine house, about 60.. x 150 x 10 m,
c. Control house, about 60s x 100x~lOt~ tab gena~tosr tWaso ontrnlled.ll
four walls, by which the output
Control desk from which an electrical technician controlled theoY the
electrical power output of the plant ahd distributed the power onthe
tmrbogeneratryr5 evenly. An underground room running under
building contained the water tasks, air coolers, condensers, evaporators,
coal pulverizers, feeder reactors, and cable vaults.
8. Underground pulverized coal storage area of concrete, five uiEters deeg,-, open on
top.
9. Railroad gate, double wing steel door, four netdrs,'Wide; it was, kep'b..c1osed.
10. Gate, double wing steel door, four meters .wide.
11. Crane, bri d
C_O-N-F_I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-91-
Annex X
oint the Kom1 Thermal power Plant (6~
of
9o
Railroad Station
Power Plant
NOTE: This was a censer type power plant-
ond
I A L
?E?N?T ?
C?0N?F?ID
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13
11
11
0
-- a 15
Sketch of Komld Thermal Power Plant Layoo
Annex X-1
C-O-N-F=I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
50X1-HUM
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-93-
Log to Annex X-1
fte.Koim]A Thermal Forcer Plant was completely reconstructed from 1950 to
1932 and all equipment described below was newly installed during that period.
The plant covered an area of 19000 x 1,500 m; it was surrounded by a 2 m high
mesh wire fence, topped by several strands of barbed wire, and was supported
by concrete poles 8 m apart.
1. Thermal power plant main building, 90 x 120 m, two story, reinforced
concrete frame construction, brick walls, with a concrete flat roof,
topped by a square steel frame skylight. Its basement contained most
of the thermal power plant's auxiliary equipment including the condensers,
water cooling pumps, feed reactors. The building housed the following
facilities*
a. Control house containing several instrument boards, which extended
the entire length of the house. The carrier communication system was
built in the back of the board. An instrument control table stood
in the center of the control house.
b. Turbogenerator house with a heavy overhead traveling crane'(possibly
25 ton capacity). It contained four turbogenerators each 20,000 kw,
manufactured at the Lang Machine Plant, BG3DAFEST.,13, Valci Ut.
e. Boiler house containing 6 boilers., each 60 tph and 80 atm., operated
by pulverized coal of 3,000 kcal/kg. Of the 6 boilers, 4 were in
operation while 2 were serviced. They were manufactured at the Ganz
Electric Machine Plant., BUDAPEST 8, L?vbhAz Utca 10.
2. Open transformer yard., surrounded by a mesh wire fence, 2 m high, supported
by concrete poles. It contained four closed, oil cooled transformers
each 20,000 kw, which transformed the electric power from 5 kv to 110 kv,
and four towers., two for incoming and two for outgoing high tension
power lines.
3. Brick garage, 10 x 20 m with two wooden double wing doors., flat concrete
roof. It housed 1, 3-ton Csepel track and a Skoda passenger car.
Administration building., 12-x 20 m, two-story, brick building with a
flat concrete roof. The first floor was occupied by six officers, while
the entire second floor was used as apartment for the chief engineer
of the plant.
5* Main p3:6tt entrance..-4 m wide", double wing sheet metal doors, used by
vehicle traffic. It was closed when not in use.
a. Entrance for pedestrians, only plant employees and persons with
special passes issued by the Ministry of Mines and Power Plants or
by the plant's chief engineer were permitted to enter the premises.
6. Multi-purpose building, 8 x 12 in, brick, flat concrete roof.
a. Doorman's roomo
b. Guard room.
c. Storage room which contained all spare parts needed by the plant.
d. Machine repair shop which contained one lathe, one drill machine,
one milling machine, and two work benches, all used for repair of
equipment used in the plant.
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-94-
Legend to Annex R-1 (Cont'd)
Railroad gates. Size and appearance was the same as entrance for vehicle
T? traffic item 5r'above. The keys to the gate which was closed when not used,
were kept by the guard posted at the guard post item 10 below. support
d by
12 m ~. Overhead coal conveyor, the bucket
Coal Mineseto the plant.h iron poles and
extending for 3 km from
9. European standard gauge single track railroad line connects was a Kbmil
used to
Coal Mines via this power plant with a slag pile. The
transport slag and for coal only when the bucket conveyor was out of
order.
10. Guard post, covered by a sheet metal roof. One guard was continuously
posted at this post. -
11. Coal bunker, approximately 12 m high (other measurements unrecalled)
concrete reinforced, open top. Capacity was 20 operating railroad the car plant's coal
,which was approximately six hours supply for 'pulverizer.
1i. Pump house containing four pumps, each had a capacity of 4,000 liters per
minute. The pumps were operated by one steam operated turbine; two
electrically operated turginswere ateept in r, reserve. water for
collected in the
was provided by the mi ground
concrete lined reservoir.
13. Slag bunker, 12 m high, concrete structure, open on top and built with a
;pull down type sheet metal chute used to load slag directly into open
freight cars.
14. Smoke stack, 40 to 45 m high, brick, built on a concrete base.
15. Same as item 7 above.
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50X1-HUM?"
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-95..r
Annex X-2
Komlo Thermal Power Plant (6
1. History of Plant
The Komld Thermal Power Plant was constructed in 1934 or 1936. It was
enlarged by ERBE during 1950-1952. Source considered this plant as very
efficient. There were no extension or improvements of any type considered
for this plant.
2. Generating Units
The plant had four Ganz turbogenerators, each rated at 20,000 kw
generating electricity at 5,000 volts.
3. Boilers
` The plant had six boilers, 60 tph and 80 atm. Slag was removed by vacuum
pumps. Only four of the six boilers were in operation while two were being
serviced. Pakura oil, a derivative of crude oil;,was used to start the boilers;
then they were fed pulverized coal. The boilers were manufactured by the
Ganz Machine Plant, BUDAPEST. There were four circulation pumps, which had
a capacity of 1,000 liters per minute. These pumps were operated by one
steam operated turbine (unknown hp) while two electrically operated turbines
were kept in reserve.
4. Water Supply
Utility water for the plant was provided by mine ground water which was
collected in an open concrete linbd reservoir, 1,000 x 1,000 m. By opening
a sluice at the bottom of tfie -reservoir the water flowed through an under-
ground pipeline to the pump house.
5. Fuel
All fuel for the plant which consisted of 3,000 kcal/kg coal waste which
was furnished by the Koml6 Coal Mine.
6. Transformers
The plant had four closed transformers,each 20,000 kw, oil cooled; with
voltage ratio of 5/110 kv.
7. Transmission
Current was 50 cycle, three phase and transmitted at 110 kv. All lines
had insulators with approximately seven sheds, each 50 cm long mounted on
steel towers 50 to 100 m apart depending on the terrain.
C-O-N-F-I D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-96-
.Annex Y
Pinpoint Location of the Inota Thermal Power Plant (7)
Le end ih Q~
1. Inota Thermal Electric Power Plant.
g. Two cooling towers.
2. Soviet Aluminum Combine.
3. Worker's housing area constructed in forest.
4. Hungarian Penal Com~ound.
5. Coal mines.
Map Ref :
Hungary 1:50,000
VVRPALOTA
87
30
ieTE: This plant was also referred to as "April 7".
This was a condenser type power plant.
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m
a
~
M ?
04
ry
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,C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-Z-A-L
_98-
Legend to Annex Y-1
Inota Thermal Power Plant-, condenser types 'alas:,1 . rwn- as "April' ;', .. I?
7" Power Plant. This plant was constructed between 1949 and March 1953? The
plant covered-an area of 800 x 1,200 m; it was surrounded by a mesh wire fence,
2 m high. The main entrances ?--- jointly used by the plant and the Soviet
Aluminum Combine, led to the BUDAPEST - GRAZ (Austria) highway.
1. Open transformer yard surrounded by a mesh wire fence, 2 m high. It
contained four closed., oil cooled transformers, each 20,000 kw.
2. Thermal power plant main building 110 x 140 in, prefabricated reinforced
concrete, two story, flat concrete roof with square skylight. Three
smoke stacks, each approximately 1.5 m in diameter by 6 m high, sheet
metal, protruded from the roof above the boiler,ho se. The building
contained the following facilities:
a. Plant spare part storage.
b. Laboratory.
c. Turbogenerator house, with a heavy overhead traveling crane (possibly
50 ton capacity). It contained four turbogenerators, 20,000 kw each*
d. Control house containing an instrument board and a control table.
The carrier communications system was built into the instrument board.
e. Boiler house with six boilers, each 30 tph at 80 atm, pulverized
2,000 kcal/kg coal operated.
f. Water treating unit and unidentified pumps which fed water to boilers.
g. Plant machine shop.
h. Four offices, occupied by the plant manager and his staff.
3. Two cooling towers, each 4 m in diameter x 16 m high, concrete, open top;
each cooled two turbines.
4. Water tank, 4 x 6 x 18 in, reinforced concrete structure, underground
pipes carried ground water from the Varpalota coal mines, which were
approximately 600 m from the plant. The water tank was for Joint use
by the power plant and the Soviet Aluminum Combine.
5. Guard post.
6. European gauge single traek-railroad line, leading from the V&palota
Railroad Station to the coal mine and from there to the power plant
and to the Soviet Aluminum Combine. Source explained that the coal
unloading procedure was complicated in this plant, because usually
twice dailyya freight train with coal for the power plant and the Soviet
Aluminum Combine passed through the power plant, then the section of the
freight train:', for the plant was returned to the plant for unloading.
7 and 8. Two railroad gates, each 4 m wide, double wing iron doors. Opened
only when in use. Key to gates were kept by the guard who opened the gates
when he heard the whistle of the steam engine transporting the freight
train and closed it when trains had passed the gate.
C=O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-99-
~.reYtd to Annex Y-1 Conti d
ngth 140
9 and 10. Two bunkers of reinforced concrete, totalrle with a by lroad tracks ?x 1,0 x '10..'a m below the ground), topped passed over
6 m high slag bunker built over the tracks. The tracks coal slag bunkers; the entered
a. weighing bridge and teethe coal bunkerbetween the car was filled with
the coal was dvoaped into maker was filled by va,cnum
slag from the upper bunker. The slag
system donnected to the boiler furnaces.
11. Dooreaa+s house, 5 x 5 x 3 m, brick,flat roof.
12. ffitrance for vehicle and pedestrian traffic, double wing iron door, 5 a
wide. This entrance was always open.
C_O-N-F-I D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-100-
Annex Y-2
Into Thermal Power Plant (7)
1. History of Plant
This power plant was constructed by the ERBE at Czechoslovak expense and
equipped with Czechoslovak machines., except for Hungarian transformers, between
1949 and 1952. Of the plant's output which was 80,000 kw., 60.,000 kw was to
be furnished to Czechoslovakia for 25 years, while the ;remaining 20,000 kw
was delivered to the Soviet Aluminum Combine, located immediately adjacent to
the plant on the east. Source stated that the Hungarian people were told
that the plant was constructed at Czechoslovak expense with Czechoslovak
machines, but the government made a deep secret of the fact that none of
the 80,000 kw production was to be used by the Hungarians and that the plant
was Czechoslovak property. Source said that he thought?without being able to
support his statement., that the Soviets did not pay for the 20,000 kw of
power furnished them. Source stated that the plant had an ill-fated start
since the responsible Czechoslovak engineers in charge of the plant operation,
which was staffed with Czechoslovak and Hungarian, technicians, were forced
by mutual agreement of the Czechoslovak and Hungarian Government to start
operation without automatic equipment (electrical and mechanical types).
Subsequently two Czechoslovak technicians were killed by a short circuit
and two (new) turbogenerators were blown to bits, delaying the beginning
of operations of this plant by six months. The Czechoslovaks constructed
the two turbogenerators (which they had allegedly under construction for
another unknown plant), the automatic equipment was also installed. All
aforementioned events were kept secret from the public. A joint Czecho-
slovak and Hungarian investigation was undertaken in order to fix the guilt
for the 50 million forint damage caused by 'the destruction of the two
turbogenerators. The Czechoslovak Government bland the Hungarian technicians
employed in the plant., while a Hungarian expert commission., including
Source., proved after an exhaustive and conclusive investigation that the
same commission had submitted a written expert opinion to the Hungarian
Ministry of Mines and Power (Electric), which was later overruledd that it
was impossible in the interest of safeguarding property and lives to start
high pressure boilers and large turbogenerators without automatic equipment.
It was explained that Czechoslovak engineers were., at the time of the
accident, in charge of the plant., and in expert opinion )that it was
"impossible to supervise approximately 25 technicians (who were supposed
to replace the automatic machinery until its installation in the turbo-
generator house) sufficiently to have the coordination needed to overcome
an unforeseen emergency within minutes. ai'ter_ the'6 plaut war
finally put in operation under Hungarian management at e egtnning of 1954, 50X1-HUM
and approximately 20 engineering shortcomings were overcome (including
ranlty aonetrWtion of e"aai valve.," aaalt coa. structioa or coal bucket
conveyor belt which broke slag carrying pipes)) the boilers and the pipes
leading to b oilerk bezan to le and the automatic turbogenerator oil: feed
broke down. after all these shortcomings were overcome, 50X1-HUM
the ER-BE and the ungaat an co ssion including Source, submitted a report
to the Ministry of Mines and Power (Electric) in which they pointed out in
detail all shortcomings which had occurred, and generally blamed poor
Czechoslovak planning and materials used throughout the plant. Furthermore,
that the blueprints submitted to the ERBE by the Czechoslovak Ministry of
Mines and Power were inadequate and had to be completely reworked prior
to construction of the plant buildings. However, Czechoslovak engineers, who
were in charge of the operation from 1952 to the beginning of 1954 were
found competent, well trained for the position ,but had to work under
constant pressure from their Ministry. A copy of above findings were for-
warded to the Czechoslovak Ministry of Mines and Power. No improvements
and extensions for the plant were contemplated except for the construction
of an overhead bucket conveyor system.
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Legend to Annex Y-2 (Cont'd)
2. Ge*erating Units
The plant had four turbogenerators, each 20,000 kw, 50 cycles per secona~
The turbines were manufactured at the Czechoslovak Skoda Works; the generator
were of unknown Czechoslovak manufacture.
3. Boilers
The plant had six boilers, each 30 tph at 80 atm, injected pulverized
coal operated.
4. Water Supply
Ground water from the Va~palota coal mines, a distance of 600 m, was
pvuped into the plant water tank. This water tank was used jointly by
the paver ?plafit and the Soviet Aluminum Combine.
5. lwuel
The plant consumed 900 tons of 2,000 kcal/kg coal during a 24+ hour
period. A reserve of 1,350 tons of coal, enough for 36 hours' operation
was maintained. Source learned from the Varpalota Mine manager that
according to his estimate, the coal supply in these mines would last
15 years.
6. Transformers
The plant had four closed oil cooled transformers, each 20,000 kv, of Ganz
Electric Plant, BUDAPEST.
7. Transmission
A high tension power line led
Danube River to Czechoslovakia.
8. Manpower
from the plant to KOMAROM across the
The plant employed 750 persons.
9. Miscellaneous
the Soviet Aluminum Combine, which was located 50X1-HUM
immediately east adjacent to this power plant, was constructed 'ttween-
19k9ekd 1952 and assumed operation in fall 1952 or spring 1953? It
__consisted of a large number of long reinforced brick buildings with
saatooth roofs extending fro-M---want c-knt- The Soviet Alumina Combine-
m-. nndar Soviet management 50
X1-HUM
It was heavily guarded by Soviet soldiers, branch
Hungarian penal compound 150 m south of the Combine and the power plant.
Source had no further information, except that he heard that the Combine
was the second largest aluminum producer in Hungary. No further information
on labor, management or production.
lled, who were armed with unidentified sub machine 50X1-HUM
gems The plant employed mainly Hungarian penal laborers, from a
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-102-
Annex Z
Pinpoint Location of the B~nhida Tlsersal r plant
%A-nhid& Tbersal Electric
power Plant
may Refs
1=89ry 1:P.,000
f
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-103-
I'
50X1-HUM
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-104-
Legend to Annex Z-1
The Bdnhida Thermal Paver Plant was constructed between 1928 and 1932, fros
British blueprints by German engineers. Its maximum operational duretion I
25 years. The thermal electric power station covered an area 800 x 1,200 u;
it was surrounded by a barbed wire topped mesh fence two meters high, supported
by concrete poles six meters apart.
1. Multi-purpose building, angle-shaped, each side 4 x 12 m, one story,
brick, flat concrete roof. It contained the following:
a. Technical management offices.
b. Doorman's booth.
c. Garage. -
2. Thermal power plant ruin, building, 90 x 140 m, two story, brick, steel
reinforced frame, concrete flat roof from which three sheet metrotrnded.
chimneys, each 1.6 m in diameter x 6 m high,ventilation-type, p
(Two boilers had one chimney!) The interior walls of the turbogenerator
and control houses were covered with marble. It accommodated the
following: -
a. Carrier. room.
b. Control house containing an instrument board and a control table.
The engineer in charge of the control table was able to observe
the turbogenerators through the windows.
a. Garage with open front. The plant's truck and passenger car were
garaged here,
d. Torbogenerator house with a heavy overhead traveling crane, and four
turbogenerators each of 15,000 kw, of British manufacture.
a. Boiler house, containing six boilers, each 30 tph at 80 atm,
pulverized, coal operated.
t. Cal bunker, 2.5 x 12 x 3 m, partly underground, concrete, open
top. Coal dump cars were emptied into the bunker; a bucket
-~, conveyor transported the coal from the bunker, via a coal scale to
an electrically operated coal pulverizing mill.
g-. Slag b' er same size and a penr?Tce as coal bunker; bucket conveyors
filled the emptied coal dump cars with slag. " ?> >> = ^~~ ~`''
i)tii?~, .)~" c;t',7~'i;, 'i l . '. L'G O'' ':. LC A), d?.?;" >ah:', xa.i
The basement of the building contained auxiliary equipment
tthe urbo-
generator and boilers, which included water and ,
generator condensors and feeder reactors and cable vaults.
3. Main entrance double wing iron door, 5 m wide used by all vehicles and
pedestrian traffic.
Multi-purpose building; same size and appearance as building item 1 above.
It contained the following facilities:
a. Fire station with a foam extinguisher mounted on two wheels and
several buckets of sand.
b. Machine repair shop with one lathe, one milling and one drilling
machine and two or three work benches.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-I-T-I-A-L
-105-
Legend to Annex Z-1 (Conti d) r.
5. Guard post, covered by a sheet metal roof. The guard on duty opened aM
closed the railroad gates.
6. sad 7. Railroad gates, each four meters wide with double wing iron door.
They were closed when not in use.
8. Two concrete cooling towers, each approximately 4 a in disaster and 16 a
high, concrete roof. Water from an open reservoir located at an
unidentified stream in the vicinity of the plant ftaaished water via
t-adsYgromd pipes to the cooling towers. _
g. Rsropeaa gauge single track rail:.liUecconnebtixlg';.he. ~B~inhida Railroad
Station with plant. The coal cars arriving from various coal mines
in the vicinity were assembled at the station for routing to the
plant.
10. Open transformer yard surrounded by a mesh wire fence. It contained
four closed, oil cooled., 400 liter capacity transformers of 15,000
kw each, one voltage regulator, and two+to~re~re.;~ z~ne.nc3ag~~it+ollCLrigl~
ae,d fe ~ i~+ 1*royLtg4xQg highitenaian power lines.
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-106-
Annex Z-2
Bhahida Thermal Electric Plant
1. History of Plant
The B"snhid& Thermal Power Plant was constructed between 1928 and 1932 from
British blueprints by German engineers. Its assumed maximum operation was
25 years. The plant was only moderately efficient, and according to Source
it was planned to put this plant on stand-by basis;as soon as the Tiszpalkonya
Thermal Power Plant was completed. It was planned to make a general repair
of the plant as soon as it was put on stand-by basis. No additional equip-
ment of any type was to be installed.
2. Generating Units
The plant had four turbogenerators of the condenser type, each 15,000 kw,
three phase, 50 cycles per second. Source stated that these turbogenerators
were manufactured by an unidentified firm in England.
3. Boiler
The plant had six boilers, each of 30 tph at 80 atm. These boilers were
manufactured by Schulzer in Germany. For operation of the boilers, 3,000
kcal/kg pulverized coal was injected. Four of the six boilers were in
operation while two were serviced.
he Water Supply
The boiler water supply was from an open reservoir located by an unidenti-
fied stream in the vicinity of the plant; the water flowed through undergrovind
pipes into two concrete water towers at the plant. Source stated that each
tower cooled two boilers. No information on the type or capacity of water
pumps used or whether the water was treated prior to use.
5. Fuel -
The main source of the fuel for this plant was delivered in railroad
cars from the Als6galla and Fels6galla coal mines. Source estimated that
the plant used 70,000 kg of coal during a 24 hour period. A reserve for
five to six days was stored in piles on the east of the railroad track
in the plant area.
6. Transformers
It bad four closed, oil cooled, 15,000 kw transformers,,10 110 kv.
In 1948, the transformer station was enlarged.
7. Transmission
'One line carrying three phase, 50 cycle transmitted at 110 kv fed
directly into Number l Grid.
8'. Manpower and Guard _
the plant employed 560 persons, mostly male, a few 50X1-HUM
shift) around the clock.
female office workers. The plant operated in three shifts daily. The parts
room operated one shift, six days 0700 to 0500 hours (no Sundays). The
entrance for vehicles and pedestrians was guarded by one unarmed doorman per
shift (7 days weekly. Fifteen firemen, including three chief firemen were
on duty in alternating- shifts (l firemen and 1 chief per shift) around the
clock. Fifteen plant guards, armed with rifles, were on duty ( 5 guards per
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-If-T-I-A-L
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-107-
Annex AA
Pinpoint Location of Dorog Thermal Electric Power Plant (9)
Map Ref :
Hungary 1:50,000
DOROG
87
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? C-G-N-F-I?D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-109-
Lo o*,d to Annex AA4I
se Doreg Ther l Paver Piani was constructed aorpord at the n ~,x~t7
a ved until 1947, When 50X1-HUM
i *ids 1000 B; it was surroua
h hoighr~~on three sides, on the fourth side, facing Beosi Ut,it
brisk ~b p~ wall p 1..8 sit
vas walled off by the front of the power plant's Bain building.
1. {ard relief building~~ approxiBatelr 4 x 4 x 3 m, brick, flat roof e
It vus wed by one man*
2. l9atrnce to doorman's building, sane as item 1 above.
3. Auto dsideIt garaged one truck, tonelpassenger oar cad on~e~ on
the vast
astorayele.
1.. Main vehicle gate, 4 m wide double wing iron door, closed when not in vie.
5. Pedestrian entrance, 1.2 a wide, single iron wing door, usually open
only at the time of shift change.
6. Thermal power plant main building, 160 x 100 m, brick reinforced with
stool two o The bafor the overhead craneo sement contained the plant's water roof,, r treating
two story. .
unit. The building accommodated the following:
as Six office rooms occupied by the technical staff of the plants
be Carrier room*
a. Control house with an instrument board and;control table*
d. Tmt+bogenerstor house with a heavy overhead traveling areas* It
contained four turbogenerators, each 15,000 We One or tic 'w
Dram-Boveri and Companyy, Swiss manufactunredl the rest were G rman,
Siemens products. Source believed that the turbogenerators were
30 years old.
e. Boiler house with six boilers, each 30 tph at 80 atm, pulverised
coal operated. Source said that they were at least 30 rears old
and of German and Swiss origin.
f . Doty engineer, et ice.
g. Parts room.
.he Plant's repair shop with .one lathe, one Billing and one drilling
machine, and two work benches.
7. and 8. Iron double wing entrance gates, each four metersdeo closeged
when not in use. The keys to these gates were kept by. plant
posted at item 10 below.
9 Baropeaa standard gauge single track rail spur branching off a rail line
which also served a local carbide plant and brick kiln:
10. Guard post covered by.: sheet metal roof. The plant's only guard; he held
the keys to the gates items 7 and 8 above.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L?
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-110-
LMend to Annex AA=1 (Cont'd
11. yatertover, 8 x 8 x 16 m, reinforced concrete. Loner part of water tower
eontained *midentified electrically. operated pumps which pumped water
via a water treating unit located in the basement of the thermal power
plant main building to the cooling tm'ers item 12 below.
12. Coaling tower, 4 x 12 x 16 m, of pine wood with a flat sheet metal roof.
The cooling tower was divided into three sections, each serving two
boilers.
13. Smoke stack, approximately 40 m high, built on concrete base.
14. Open transformer yard, surrounded by a mesh wire fence, 1.8 m high.
It contained four closed oil cooled Ganz, 15,000 kv transformers and,
all the auxiliary equipment.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-4-T-I-A-L
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-111-
Annex AA-2 r
Dorog Thermal Power Plant
1. History
This power plant was constructed at the turn of the century to provide 50X1-HUM
electric power to the Dorog Coal Mines. As the coal mines enlarged 'their
operation they also improved the equipment of the plant and added various
turves of German and English manufactured machines. 50X1-HUM
Grid in 1957)
2. Generating Units
The plant had four turbogenerators, each 15,000 kw, three phase, 50
cycles. One or two of them were made by Brown-Boveri and Company in Switzer-
land; the rest were probably made by Siemens in West Germany.
3. Boilers
The plant had six boilers, each of 30 tph at 80 atm.. 3,000 kcal/kg
pulverized coal operated. Source 'vaguely recalled that they were at least
30 years old and of German and Swiss origin. Four of the six boilers were
in operation while two were serviced.
Water Supply
Ground water from the Dorog coal mines was pumped into the plant's water
tower and from there through a water treating unit for unidentified chemical
treatment before it was used for cooling purposes. Source estimated that the
four Lang manufactured pumps, pumped 4,000 liters of water per minute for
cooling purposes.
5. F_l
The plant's coal was delivered by freight cars from the Dorog coal mines.
Source estimated that approximately 70,000 kg of coal was consumed during a
24 hour p.riod. A reserve of 350 to 420 tons of coal was kept in the
plant's yard.
6. Trans'farmere
The plant had four 15,000 kw, closed oil cooled transformers, 10/110 kv.
They were manufactured by the Ganz Electric Plant.
7. Transmission
One 110 kv, three phase, 50 cycle line ran from the plant via the Gy&r
high tension line into the Number 1 Grid.
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-112-
Annex BB
Pinpoint Location o! the Tatab
73+
07
1-1 Cement plant
Tatab a Thermal Electric
Power Plant
4 69
10
Nap Ref't
fl , .i.5o;000
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-113-
TATABINYA
00
O
N
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-.114
Legend to Annex BB-1
The TatabjLW& Thermal Power Plant was one of the first constructed in Hungary.
It. mahinery was vorn out and the plant operated with frequent breakdowns.
Hoirernsr, its transformers and at xi)4ary equipment were installed in 1947 when
the plant was nationalized. The plant covered an area of 700 x 1,000 m; it was
serrround,ed by a bfiok wall 1.6 a high.
1. "Thermal power plant main building 60 x 130 m, two story, inadequate and
outdated brick structure, with a hangar type sheet metal roof. There were
two rows of skylights, one oil each of the long sides of the roof. The
basement contained auxiliary equipment. The building contained the follow-
ing facilities:
a. Parts room.
b. Plant's machine repair shop.
c. Smoke stack, protruding above the building approximately 40 m.
d. Control point of sheet metal conveyor belt, extending from the coal
bunker.
e. Boiler house with five boilers of unknown foreign origin, each 30 tph
at 80 atm, pulverized coal operated.
f. Turbogenerator house with a heavy overhead traveling crane. It
contained four turbogenerators, each 15,000 kw. One or two were
produced by Skoda in Czechoslovakia, and the rest were of Zoelly
manufacture.
Control house with an instrument board and a control table.
h. The office rooms occupied by the chief engineer, technical staff
and administration section.
2. Open transformer yard, surrounded by mesh wire fence 1.8 m high. It
contained four closed oil cooled 15,000 kw transformers.
3. Main entrance, double wing iron door, 4 m wide used by vehicles and
pedestrian traffic. The entrance was closed except when in use.
4.and 5. Two buildings, each approximately 4 x 3 x 3 in, brick, flat roof.
Building 4 was used by the entrance doorman; building 5 was used by
the relief guard.
6. European standard gauge single track rail spur, used in transporting
of coal to the plant.
7. and 8. Two iron double wing gates, each approximately four meters wide,
closed when not in use. The guard posted at the permanent guard post
had the gate keys.
9. Two concrete cooling towers, each 4 m in diameter x 16 m high.
10 and 11. Two bunkers, each 8 x 8 x 8 in, concrete with concrete flat roof,
partly underground. Bunker 10 was used for coal; bunker 11 was used for
slag.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-115-
Leg_end to Annex BB-1 (Cont'd)
the lbuild
15. water taver, 4 x 5 x 8 m, brick, concrete roof ? First floor
second
ing contained an unlmown number of unidentified pump j the
contained the water t)nk.
11. Undergromoid sheet metal conveyor, width um called, use or
coal to the pulverizing mill.
13. Undergroind conveyor, of eame type as in item 12 above, used to transport
slag.
14. Guard post, covered by sheet metal roof. One guard was continuously
posted here.
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50X1-HUM
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-116-
Amex BB-Q
Tatsbawy Thermal Power Plant (10)
1. Histo
This thermal power plant was one of the first constructed in Hungary, in
approximately 1910. The turbogenerators, boilers and their auxiliary equip=
ment were obsolete, and the plant operated with frequent breakdowns..
"r+wf transformers and their auxiliary equipment were installed at-the time
the plant was nationalized. The plant had only one reserve boiler and
theredbre was the only plant in Number 1 Grid forced to curtail operations
for six weeks each year to allow for boiler repair and service. The curtail-
ment of the plants s output caused an extra burden on the
plants in Nber 1 Grid. With the completion of the Tiszapalkonya dnd the
Peesujhegy plants this plant will be returned to the Titltb6iaya coal mines
as a reserve. No additional equipment or improvements of any type were to
be installed in this plant.
2. Generating Units
The plant had four turbogenerators of condenser type, each 15,000 kw,
three phase., 50 cycles. One or two were manufactured by Skoda in:Czecho-
slovakia, and the rest were manufactured by Zoelly, country of origin unknown.
Date of manufacture of generating units unknown.
3. Boilers
The plant had six boilers., each of 30 tph at 80 atm. The manufacturer
of the boilers, which operated on 3,000 kcal/kg pulverized injected coal,,
was unknown. Due to only one reserve boiler the restrictions stated
above were necessary.
4. yjater Supply
Ground water from the TatabAnya coal mines was pumped to the plant through
an underground pipeline to the water tower and from there via a water treatment
unit to the cooling tower.
5. Fuel
Source estimated that the plant used approximately 70,000 kg of coal
during a 24 hour period. A reserve of 350 to 400 tons of coal was kept in
the plant area.
6. Transformers
The plant had 4,4 closed, oil cooled 15,000 kw transformers, manufactured
by Ganz Electtic Plant, BUDAPEST.
7. Transmission
One 110 kv, three phase, 50 cycle line from the plant joined into the
Gyyr high tension line.
8. Manpower
The plant employed 440.
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Annex CC
Approximate Location of the Sai4taritin Thermal Power Plant (il)
50X1-HUM
Map Aett
H ;~ 11,50,000
SALO&TAPJ'AN and IQSTERElIYB
? C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Legend to Annex CC-1
The Salg6tarjann Thermal Power Plant was constructed between 1925 and
1926 by, an unknown German company for the Salgotarjan Rimamuran Steel Mill.
In 1938 the plant was nationalized by the Horthy regime (Electric Power
Plant Tr wt) and was incorporated into the Number 1 Grid in 1948. The
plant covered an approximate area of 900 x 1,400'm; it was surrounded by a
barbed wire fence, 2 a high.
1. European standard gauge single track rail line. This line led . from the
coal mines in the vicinity of Salgbtarjdn, via the local railroad station.
It serviced r.an awd.liary plant of an iron mill then returned via a brick
kiln {which used the electric power plants slag) and back to the afore-
mentioned railroad station.
2. Slag bunker, 2 x 4 x 4 m, 2 m below surface and 2 m above, concrete, open
top.
3. Sheet metal conveyor, with the sprinkling system above it, transported the
slag to the top of the bunker. A moveable rubber conveyor loaded'-'the slag
from the bunker into iatlroad cars.
4. Thermal power plant main building, 60 x 100 in, two story reinforced
concrete, flat concrete roof with square skylights. It had a basement
air cooling' pump condenser. It was divided into the following:
a. Boiler house, containing six boilers, Cornwall manufactured, each 30
tph at 80 atm., 3,000 kcal/kg, pu1-verized coal operated.
b. Turbogenerator house, with ~a heavy overhead traveling (possibly
o were
25 ton capacity) and four turbogenerators, each 15,ng ra
by AM, German manufacture and the other two were of Skoda Czecho-
slovak manufacture,,
a. Control house, containing a control board and control table including
the high frequency installation. The engineer in charge was able
to observe turbogeneratora through a glass panel.
d. Water treatment and pump house with all the plant's pumps,('these
pumps were installed gradually as the plant was enlarged and were
of unknown origin). A warm water storage boiler, 3 m in diameter
x 8 m long, with treated water (enough for 24 hour plant operation)
was situated on top of the pump house.
5- Open transformer yard, surrounded by a mesh wire fence, 2 m high. It
contained four closed, oil cooled , 15,000 kv transformers, manufactured
by Ganz Electric Plant, BUDAPEST. One single high tension line leet
to the Matra Electric Power Plant transformer yard.
6. and 7. Two houses, each one story with gable tile roofo Each house
had two rooms plus kitchen and bathroom. One housed the plant manager,
the other the master machinist. Each also had a fenced in garden.
8. Main vehicle entrance, 4 m wide double wing iron door.
9. Main pedestrian entrance, single wing door.
10. Multi-purpose building, 7 x 12 in, one story, brick, gabled tile roof,
which contained:
a. Doorman's house with a doorman continuously on duty. The relief guard
stayed in this doorman's house while waiting to go on duty.
b. Four offices occnpied.by the plant manager and administration.
c. Spare parts storage.
d. Machine repair'shop.
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L egend to Annex CC-1 (Coot' d)
U. Two water cooling towers, each 4 x 4 x 8 a. Water from the into
theme
industrial center was pumped via plant's water turbines.
12. Guard post.
13. Smoke stack, approximately 40 m highs brick, on concrete base.
14. Coal bunker, same as slag bunker in item 2 above. A rubber conveyor belt
:fAd coal to pulverizer.
15. Rubber conveyor belt, width unlcnown.
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-121-
Anfdex CC-2
1. Him
r plant was constructed between 1925 and 1926 from German
This thermal pooh Iron Works in ~'Silgdtarign
ti~'prSnts German engineers forthe 93
Yaast)? 1938 the plant was nationalized by the
,Iy 19 EHaE
(~ 3di86tar~an Rimam~arda~
HOrthY regime and incorporated into the ~ be~c nI Grid in struated9the0 control house
enlarged the transformer yard to 10/cations system; replaced two, five kw turbo-
sad installed .the carrier e~iogenerators; Benera7ly~~rhtiuled ~'~
generators with two AEG German i es and other aioorn repairs. Source
boilers-hich included new heating p p
described the plant as an old., but efficient plant which accomplished its
prescribed norm according to schedule.
2. ..Generating Units
three phase, 50 cycle.
The plant had four turbogenerators, each 15,E kw,
Two were of AZG,} German origin, and two of Skoda,, Czechoslovak--_origin
3. Boilers
The plant had six boilers, each 30 tph at 80 atm. All of c Wa co land~a
manufacture. For operation of the boilers 3,000 kcal/kg pul
injected.
4. Water Suppler.
Water from the SalgotarjAn industrial center was pumped into the plant's
Water treating unit.
5. Poo
? an vicinity shipped coal by railroad via the local
Coal mines in the
. Source estimated thatr odd Plant we
70 bad a
railroad station to this s plant,
to 75,400 kg of 3,000 kcal/kg coal during a 24 hour pe
two-day coal reserve.
Transformers
The plant contained four closed, oil cooled transformers, manufactured by
Ganz Electric Plant, BfJDAPEST.
7. Transmission
----- cycle line led from this plant to the Matra
One 110 kv, three phase, 50
Power Plant's transformer yard.
8.
The plant employed 420 people-
9, Miscellaneous Information
During the steer of 1954 an unimown person threw three PisceB of soft brown
soap over the fence and, into the plant's cooling tower, deactivating the plant
for two weeks. Source said that the plant was later nibcl the the "Soavasu ble"
plant. He said that an investigation was carried out.,
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Annex CC-2 (Conttd)
apprehended. From that time on all the plants at Number 1 Grid had at least
one continuous guard post guarded by blue uniformed eiTilians, armed with rifli5OX1-HUM
supervised by the AVE. (Source aided that plants- Vern MI-r date OR by AVE indluding the Mttra Power Plant.)
50X1 -HUM
the possible Culp disgruntled worker
who wa
,
s
ve acquainted with the plant. the AVH started to investigate his
aforementioned theory, but had to g ve up s nce there was a constant turnover
of workers at this plant.
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-123-
Annax 'DD
Approximate Location of the P4csmjhegr Thermal Power Plant (12)
149bud
1. Thermal power plant's approximate location.
2. Road, asphalt, four meters wide, in good condition.
3. European standar4 gauge railroad line.
4. Town limits of P S.
512
Map Ref :
HWary 1:50,000
286
5103
292
C-0 N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-I
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50X1-HUM
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Annex DD-1
ketch of the P~caujhegy Thermal Power Plant Layout 50X1-HUM
O
a
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-125-
Legend to Annex DD-1
1. Road connecting plant area with asphalt road, built in 1955?
2. Gate, a double wing, steel door, for meteks wide.
30 Administration buildings, size-;and construction unrecalled.
Ii.-. A two-meter-high brick wall.
5? Power Plant Building, size unrecalled. The building contained the following:
a. Boiler house, to contain after completion, six boilers, each of 20 tph,
.'r 80 atm, with an attached coal mill, coal riser, coal conveyor installation
and a slag conveyor, and six caloric control boards to control the
function of the six boilers.
b. Turbine house, to contain after completion, four turbogenerators, hori-
zonally arranged, each 15,000 kwo
c. Control house, to contain after completion, turbogenerator control
switchboard along all four walls, and a control desk, from which the
entire electrical 'function of the plant was to be controlled.
6. Transformer ~rsrd;,' size unre'c lle3;, c-aa ?ceuzi .o ed~c 3'. at w rb-~enk ;. ~i s'oi E`kd
bytrsteeb [pbt~~~abo~it:~two 'uietzy'"s'' gk; +3izs~3~e ib ~t 'fiiinazti f'sf i e
toi, be i all ed, 'ew4h?'s5 rwo' 1i-ca 1 th8 =weir` tti~~S~ ~ ro cl' unite o 'UAle
aableh` ta\'the.,.control house.
7. Two railroad gates, double wing, steel doors, each about four meters wide.
European standard gauge, not shown on the map, was built in
8. $ailroad spur,
1955.
9. Meszes brook (Kenesz-Patak).
10. Water pump, size unrecalled. This pup was to supply the plant with water
from a deep well.
11. Purification plant and filter house.
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-126-
,rpti
Peesnihsgy Thermal Power Plant (32
ar
which was then a p - or
stored d' ng WW II at unknown places. The pl was planned and constructed 50X1-HUN
V/\ -I V I V
50X1.-U HN
1. Hiss
Construction of the Pecsujhegy Thermal Power Plant was included in the first
Five Year Plea (1951 - 1956), but approval for its construction was contained
in the second Five Year Plan (1957 - 1962). This plant was to replace the old
power plant in P* S . The turbo-generators, boilers and auxiliary equip~-.ent
were delivered by the Brcnm-Bove4: Company, Switzerland, sometime in 1938 and
were intended for 'the construction of a power plant in NAGYNYA; (BAIA-MARE)
t - R but is now in Rumania. The equipment was
2. Ownershii.
This plant was state cued, under the administration of the Ministry of
Mines and Power Plants, B DAP'FST 5, Marko Utca 16, and under the immediate
administration of the Power Plant. Trust, BUDAPEST 1, Iskola Utca 13-
3, Production Data
Power production was scheduled to start on 1 December 1957, 15,E kw
capacity (one turbogesncsrator in operation). A constant 60,000 kw/hr was to be
maintained after December 196^.
14.. Generating Units
The plant was to contain four turbogenerators, each having a capacity of
15,000 kw, generating 110 kv, three phase, and 50 cycle. The turbogenerators
were manufactured and delivered by the Brc n-Boveri? Company, Switzerland,
sometime in 1938-
5. Boilers
The power plant was to have six boilers 8ninjection esystem of firing with
60 atme. They were of the BFI type, using the
pulverized coal of about 3,9000 kcal/kg. Each boiler had an economizer with
by-pass flow, a smoke-gas ventilator, a coal pulverizer with scale, a cinder
vacuum pump, an electric boiler feed and a steam boiler feed. One of each of
the above mentioned items of equipment was in reserve.
6. Water Supply
The source of water supply was the Kenesz (:N)_hazes):.Brdok... A dam was
scheduled to be constructed on an uidentifieduloc&tion on the river. A
coke and ballast filter was to be used for water treatment. Source had no
further information on this subject.
7? Fuel
The fuel for the plant was supplied by the surrounding coal mines and from
the waste material of the nearby briquet factory which was constructed in 1951+,
about one kilometer north of the power plant. The mixed coal had a 3,000
kcal/kg value. It was to be delivered by rail. The handling equipment's
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Annex DD^2 (Cont'd)
capacity average was 3.33 tons per hour. Constant coal delivery was assured by
the nearby Komld and P4cs mines.
8. Transformers
Your step-tip transformers 10/110 kvi, were located in the open. They had a
capacity of 15,000 kw, three phases, 50 cycle. Two sheet iron cooling towers
were to be constructed. All transformers were to be manufactured by the Ganz
Electric Company, BUDAPEST 2, L6v&iz Utea, and were to be delivered at an
unknown date. Delta voltage connections were to be fised.
9. Transmission
The primary transmission line was connected to the Nutaber 1 High Capacity
Grid. The transmission was 110 kv, three phases, 50 cycle. The transmission
lines were made of aluminum, with a cross section of 60 square'mm Steel
transmission towers about 16 m high were to be constructed, with one line
leading to the Kotl.d Power Sub-station.
The plant would employ about 120 people. They were to be transferred from
the old Pies power plant upon completion of the new plant.
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-128-
Annex EE
Pin oint Location of the Via id Hydroelectric Power Plant (13)
(Under construction
end
1. Vieegr&d. Hydroelectric Poker Plant.
2. Szentendre Branch of the Danube River.
3. Szentendre Island.
4. Danube River.
92
347
Map Ref:
Scale 1:50,000
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Annex EE-1
Sketch of the-Top and Side View of the
Vise r d Hydroefe-etric Power Plant (13) (Under construction
Top View
1i
Danube River
.CmO~N-F-I-DmE-I~j-T-I-A-L
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Legend to Annex EE-1
1. Water reservoir, of reinforced concrete, dimensions unknown. The reservoir
was located on a 100-meter-high hill and was supplied with water from the
Danube River.
to Four water pipes, each about 120 n?long; they conducted the water from
the canal, itet 6 below, to the water reservoir.
3. Four petstocksy;:each:sbout l20 m long, laid parallel to the water pipes.
The penstocks supplied the turbines with water from the reservoir.
1i.. Rydroelectric power plant, to be constructed of reinforced concrete,
dimensions were unknown. The plant was to contain the following:
a. Turbine house, with four turbogenerators, vertically arranged, 5,000
kw each.
b. Pustip:::house, with four electrically powered water pumps, each with a
capacity of 8,000 liters per minute to supply the reservoir.
5. four turbine outlets, size unrecalled.
6. Canal, of reinforced concrete., "V" shaped, about 80 m long and 4 m wide
at the top. It connected the power plant with the Danube River, built
at approximately 14.50_to the river branch.
7. Bridge, concrete, about 20 w-long and 6 m wide; it spanned the canal,
item 6 below, and connected the Visegr.d-Budapest road.
8. Water level of the branch of Danube River (see item 2, Annex ES).
9. Branch of the Danube River (see item 2, Annex EE).
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Annex EE-2
Visegrad Hydroelectric Power Plant (13)
Because of insufficient electric power in Hungary especially during peak
hours, due to industrial operations and consumer consumption, it was peal armed
during, the first five-year plan (1951-1956) to construct a peak power plant
near VISEGRAD on the Danube River. Excavation work began in the middle of
1956; construction work began in January 1957. The plant was to be eoaplete&
at the end of the second five-year- plan., in December 1962. The plant's
construction was suggested by the Electric Power Trust. Its operation was
to be economical; it was at one time planned that a two man crew would operate
the entire-plant for the Budapest Municipal Electrical System (PHOEBUS).
8_64i-ce saw the over-all construction plans of the plant; he had a copy in his
office; however, he did not see detailed construction plans for the power
, plaiit*or'pump house as they were not yet completed. Originally, this power
plant" a to be constructed on Lake Balaton; its location was changed to
VISE(because of the shorter transmission lines to the Nepliget Power
Sufi-station'in BUDAPEST. This peak power plant was to be integrated into the
Number 1 High Capacity Power Grid.
2. Water Supply
Water supply for the plant was to be derived from the Danube River. A
canal was constructed at an angle to the river to eliminate the flow of
silt into the pump house. The canal, constructed of reinforced concrete in a
"V" shape, about four meters wide at the top and about 80 meters long; no
further information was available. The water level in the canal was to be
the same as that of the Danube River. Four centrifugal, electrically driven
water pumps, manufactured by the Lang Machine Factory in BUDAPEST, pumped
the canal water to a reservoir located on a 100-meter-high hill. It took
the four pumps eight hours of continuous operation to fill the reservoir,
while it was to take four hours for-this water potential to be utilized
by the turbines at a steady output of 20,000 kw per hour. The prime mover
for each pump was a 500 hp electric motor and two 100/10 kv step-down
transformers. Eight steel pipes, each about 120 meters long (further
specifications unknown), carried the water to the reservoir which was
made of reinforced concrete; dimensions were unknown. The water was carried
to the turbines and back to the canal through four penstocks.
3. Turbogenerator Sets
The four "Francis" type turbines were manufactured by the Lang Machine
Factory; this type of turbine was formerly manufactured by the Pol Machine
Factory in SZOMBATHELY. Each was to be 5,000 kw capacity and 10 kv.
The four generators were to be manufactured by the Ganz Electric Control
Equipment Company, BUDAPEST; each of 5,000 kw, three phase, 50 cycle.
The generators had circulating coolers.
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-132-
Amex EE-2 (Coxt' d)
4. Traxaforuers
The traxaformers were 10/110 kv, 3 phase, 50 cycle, with rib type oil
coolers. The transformers had star-end delta connections (star on the
10 kv side--and delta on the 110 kv side). They were located in a yard
(uncovered).
5. Transmission.
The transmission lines, 110 kv, led to the present peak power plant of
the Stidipest Municipal Electrical System, which already had direct
transmission lines to the Main Power Sub-station in the Nepliget cub=station
ix.B1 APFBT; The lines were overhead, made of alumir_um, cross-section 60
iq n?, and"were suspended on 50-centimeter-long, porcelain chain insulators
from 16-meter-high steet towers.
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Annex FF
Layout Sketch-of the Cee el Thermal Power Plant_LLa
o t
i
L ----- ------1
a
0
NOTE: For pinpoint location see Annex V.
BUDAPEST
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Legend to Annex 77
This plant was originally constructed as the Weiss Manfred Machine
Plant, date unknown. As soon as the Communists came to power in 1948 the
Plant xas c
installed.
1. Open transformer yard surrounded by a mesh wire fence, 2 m high. It
contained four 15,000 kw, 10/110 kv, oil cooled transformers. Only
the 20,000 kw for Number 1 Grid was stepped.'mp to 110 kvy the remaining
40,000 kw was delivered to the Rdkosi Works at 10 kv and stepped down to
usable voltage there.
2. Thermal power plant main building, 60 x 180 m, 2 story, reinforced brick
structure, gabled (irregular) roof with skylights. Three smoke stacks,
each 1.5 m in diameter and 6 m high protruded from the roof, above
the boiler house. The building contained the following facilities:
a. Control house containing an instrument board and a control table.
b. Boiler house with six boilers, each 25 tph at 60 atm, mixed fuel
type (gas and 3,000 kcal/kg coal).
c. Turbogenerator house with & heavy overhead traveling crane
(possibly 25 ton capacity). It contained four turbogenerators
each of 15,000 kw capacity.
d. Water treating unit and reserve water tanks; seven,pumps of unknown
make and capacity fed treated. water to the boilers.
a. Plant spare parts storage.
f. Your offices, occupied by the plant manager and his staff.
g. Main entrance to this building, unguarded. It had a sign "Entrance
for unauthorized persons strictly prohibited".
h. Plant machine shop.
i. Laboratory.
3. Slag bunker, 4 x 6 x 8 m, concrete; railroad cars were loaded by
retractable chutes.
Gal t$nk,4teleaw pic.gas?;holder) corrugated sheet metal, 6.5 m
in diameter x 10 m average height.
5.
Coal bunker, same size and appearance as slag bunker in item 3 above.
I -had'a coal weighing bridge and coal car dumping device. Thirty
freight car (each of 10 ton capacity) loads were kept on reserve in
this coal bunker.
6. European standard gauge railroad track of the Rdkosi Works rail net.
7. Two concrete water towers, each 3 m in diameter x 12 m high, with built-
in circulation water pumps; they serviced the four turbogenerators of
the plant (each serviced two turbogenerators).
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N4-I-A-L
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't rn
co o
y fy
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~* cD
o jp
w
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C_0 N-F=I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
-136-
Annex FF-2
Csepel Thermal Power Plant (14,
Histori of Plant
tvuen 1948 and 1952 ERBE stripped an old plants boilers~s bare walls an fuel
it with new turboge orator, rebuilt and equipped .1.1.1 ,v parts.
"
at the Rekosi Works in BJDAPE!
dux '
systems, including a
the p an
line
there was less plant discipline,
fir
very e c ent and econo s Gals aeryisedlthough by Number ?..Nc r
than in the plants directly up
improvements of any type wzsre' considered for thig',plant.
2. Ownershi
This plant was completely independent from Nyrber 1 Grid and was to
The plant's only responsibility
controlled by the Rakosi Works"
furnish 209000 kw electricity to Number 1 Gride source stated thato Only her- n
emergency the plant would fall under Number 1 Grid's supervisions., wise its superviSton fell t i Number 2 Gride
3. Primary Fiction and Use
al user of its electric
This was a baseload Plant o The princip user was
power was the Rgkosi Works with 46 Tk- asp s on ~uous production since
Number 1 Grid with 9-,0,007
1952 was 60,000 kw.
4. Generating Units The turbines
The plant had four to ?bogenerators each 15 9~ kg', 50 cycle,,
re manufactured at the Lang Machine Plant, and. the generators at the Ganz
e
Electric Plant, both in BUDAPEST-
5. Boilers
The plant had six boilers, each 25 tph atDAPEST. ? The boilers mnuuld
by the Ganz Ship ured
p Plant, Boiler Department, B[3 _
from the coalo Csepel
As far as source knewcthis
either'be fueled with waste gases
with-3.,000 kcal/kg pulverized injected 2. Source had only piece
punt was fueled with waste theesesinnce operatione He stated that the
Heal information concer Ing invented and constructed under the
jAs feeding system (see Annex FF l) was of Rgkosi works
siou of the plant manager (an engineer name unknown) supervi Source stated that a calorifer' ,
Blast- seDepartment ? (roughly 4 x
(water_- coil) was built in the duct of the blast furnace
4 m in size) leading to the smoke stack in which water for the boilers tack a
metal
separator reheatede Between the calorifier and ,mole eases me al was -t d pumped
was p
was-built in which separated smoke from owabplant's bas t? From the gas
through a duct by a vacuum feed to the p that tank the gas was fed into the boiler lsand ourceboled. life waste
was always sufficient burnable gas available that
0 degrees to 80 degrees centigrade Wster;thi'bugh the
extended by using 7
calorifer instead of 18 degrees centigrade feed water.-
C=O=N-F-I-D=E=N-T-I-A?L
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-137-
Annex FF-2 (Cont-d)
6. Water Supply
The water was supplied from the Rskosi Works water system (location and
details unknown) via the power plant'a water treating unit, to the turbo-
generators and from there to the cooling towers. One cooling tower
served two turbogenerators.
7. Fuel
The plant kept a coal reserve of 300 tons in its coal bunker. The coal
was furnished by the Coal Distribution Trust, BUDAPEST; it was brought to
the plant iria the European standard gauge net of the Rakosi Works.
8. Transformers
The plant had four_closed oil cooled, 15,000 kw, 10/110 kv, each trans-
former, 50 cycles and three phase. The voltage connections were of star
type.
9. Transmission
One 110 line entered plant from the Kelenf?ld power p?'ant. One line
led to the N~liget Central Transformer Yard.
10. Manpower
The plant employed 460 persons3 all were paid by the Rakosi Works.
Source added that a large number of above were only employed in case of
emergency when the boilers have to be operated by coal.
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-:
i -138-
Annex GG
Pinpoint Location_ __the5zthinv~roa Thermal
Legend
1. Sz4linvaroe Thermal Power Plant
2. Sztalinvdros Combine
Map Ref:
342
5206
NOTE: This was an exhaust
pfessure type power
plant.
Hungary 1xr.-50,000
DUNA LDVAR
50X1-HUM
V
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Legend to Annex OG-1
The SZl linv&ros Thermal POMP Plant of the S linv~ros Combines was
constructed between early 1949 Md the fall of 1952. This plant has no
cooling tower because the exhAti b steam was used for central heating.
Source was unable to determine t 1W size of the plant since its buildings
were spread over a large areaja*d he could not recall the distance between
buildings.
1. Water tower with water treatment it, 5 x 8 x 8 m, concrete, concrete
flat roof. Upper part was water ta*k, the lower section contained the
water treating unit and pumps.
2. Open transformer yard surrounded by a mesh wire fence. It contained
four 15,000 kw, closed oil cooled transformers.
3. Thermal power plant main building, T-shaped, short side 100 x 150 m,
long side 120 x 150 m, concrete reinforced building with hangar type
roof with skylights along its long side. Three sheet metal smoke
stacks,each 1.5 m in diameter x 6 m in height, protruded from the roof
above the boiler house. It was divided into the following facilities:
a. Plant spare part storage*
b. Turbogenerator house,, with heavy overhead traveling crane (possible
25 ton capacity). It contained four turbogenerators each of
15,000 kw ckpacxityY.
c. Control house, containing an instr&ment board and a control board.
d. Boiler house, containing six boilers, 25 tph at 60 atm, mixed fuel
type (gas and 3,000 kcal/kg coal.
e. Sztalinva6s Combine Transformer Station (equipment unobserved).
f. Four offices, occupied by the plant manager and his staff,
g. Entrance to building was ucg aided and open) but had a sign on
the outside reading "Entrance for unauthorized persons is
strictly prohibited".
4. European standard gauge railroad track of the Szt&linv&ros Combine rail
net.
5. Underground coal conveyor belt, size and type not known.
6. and 7. Coal and slag bunkers 12 x 20 x 10 m (6 m above and 4 m below the
ground). Coal cars were weighed on weighing bridge and then dumped
into the bunker which was 4 m below the surface. The slag bunker
was 6 m above the railroad track and slag was loaded into the coal
cars after they had dumped their coal.
8. Underground slag tubes through which slag was sucked into slag bunker.
9. Gas tank,(telescopic gas holder), sheet metal, 6.5 M -in
diameter x 10 m average height.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-Am
-141-
Annex Gtr-2
The SztalinVUos Thermal Power Plant (15)
1. History
This power plant was constructed between early 1949 and the fall of 1952.
When completed it was immediately put into operation by the BE. Source
observed this plant on several occasions' first after it began operations
and' last during 1954. He said all his visits were of advisory nature and
not supervisory. This plant was the most efficient in Hungary since it
usedrits exhaust steam for heating the Combine and the city of Sztalinvaros
(estimated population of 35,000). This plant also used waste gas of the
Combine's blast furnaces to operate its boilers, and used pulverized coal
in its injection system only in emergencies. This plant belonged to Number
2 Grid system and had no carrier communication system.
2. Ownership
This plant was completely independent the National Power Grid
System and was only controlled by the Szth.linvaros Combine. The plant's
only responsibility to the Number 1 Grid was to furnish 20,000 kw electricity.
Source stated that only in emergency would the plant with its full production
of 60,000 kw fall under Number 1 Grid supervision.
3. Primary Function and Use
This is a baseload plant. The principal user of its electricity was the,,
Sztalinvarasr .. Combine which used 9000 kw.
4. Generating Unit
The plant had four ioarbogeuerators, each 15,000 kw9 10 kv, 50 cycle.
The turbines were manufactured at the Lang Machine Plant, and the generators
at the Ganz Electric Plant., both located in BUDAPEST.
5. Boilers
The plant had six boilers, each 25 tph at 60 atm. These boilers also
were manufactured at the Ganz Ship Plant, Boiler Department, BUDAPEST.
They were operated on the same principle as the boilers of the Csepel Thermal
Electric Power Plant. The boilers were fueled by either burnable waste gases
of the Sztaiinva"ros blast furnaces or with 3,000 kcal/kg pulverized injected
coal. See Annex FF-1 which shows the device used for feeding waste gas to
the boilers.
6. Water Supply
Water was pumped from the Danube River to the water tower which
contained the water treating unit and from there the water was fed into
the boilers.
7. Fuel
The plant received 3,000 kcal/kg coal by an overhead bucket conveyor
belt system from the Koml6 and P4cs mines. The amount of reserve held in the
plant was unknown.
8. Transformer
The plant had four closed, oil cooled 15,000 k , 10/110 kv, 50 cycle,
three phase transformers. The voltage connections were of the star type.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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-142-
Annex GG-2 (Cont-d)
The Sztalinve(rd's Combine used 220 and 350 Volt AC current. The local
transformer was located within the thermal power plants main building.
9. Transmission
One 110 kv line enter:e& the plant from 3tegedk, One 110 _,kv(.Uravt om ro:
the power plant to the Nepliget transformer yard.
10. Manpower
The plant employed approximately 650 persons. This comparatively high
number of employees was explained by Source as the need for stand-by
workers to operate the coal and slag unloading and loading system in case
of emergency.
11. Miscellaneous Information
50X1-HUM
the central heating system was ill
lanned
p
and the entire Szt linvaros Combine and city piping system had to be enlarged.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Annex RH
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-4
Pin int Location of Szeged Thermal Electric Power Plant,
jeferrsi to Officially as n=btt, , Condenser Tree Power Plant
Map Ref:
Hungary 1:50,000 ~
SZWED N
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:r.:??~x II
Thermal Electric Power Plant, SZED
t
Koesuth IA JOB Sugar Vt4 ,`;
0
b
0
50X1-HUM
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-I1-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A
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Legend to Annex II
-The plant covered an area Of 40 x 6OO m. It was enclosed by a me h wire
farce. The plant area was joiitly occupied by the electric power plant and
the city illuminated gas plant.
1. Plant entrance.
2. Office of the power plant occupied by the plant manager and his s~ifl.
3. Machine shop and parts storage.
4. kwropean standard gauge railroad track, part of the city streetcars net,
used during night time for coal transport to this plant.
5. Main thermal power plant building, 30 x 60 m, two story, reinforced
brick building. Half of the building (item 9a) was occupied by the
machines of the illumination gas plant; it had a high gabled roof
largely consisting of skylights. It contained the following f aeili' ies:
a. Boiler house.containing five unidentified.boilers, each 5 tons
steam per hour, 35 atm, traveling grate types.
b. Turbogenerator house, containing three turbogenerators of unknown
make of 11+,000 or 16,000 kit capacity.
c. Control house containing an instrument board and an instrument
control table.
d. Carrier communication system which ms-used only to direct and
control the open transformer yard of this plant. A transformer
which transformed 5 kv into 35 kv was located in the basement
below the carrier communications system.
6, coal chutt,
7? Open transformer yard containing two 30,000 kw and two,.15,000 kv trans-
formers. Thirty-five kv was transformed into 110 kv.
~4fi7r ~CF~i.n ~'L,iM ? ,' iw ~,~~l ..
8. Concrete water tower, 4 x 5 x 10 m. Water from the Tisza River was
pumped into this tower and used by both plants (power and gas plant).
The tower contained unidentified pumps and the water treating unit.
9. Premises of the illumination gas plant. In appearance this plant was
the same as the power plant except for two gas storage tanks.
a. Main plant structure.
b. Two illumination gas tanks.
c. Gas plant office building.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/06/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002100120008-3
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
RENCS
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50X1 -HUM
TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
LEGEND
Current charac/erislics of all transmission
lines are three phase f 50 Cycle)
v
Thermal Hydroelectrlc
POWER PLANTS
HIGH CAPACITY, 35,000 KW and over-------------?--------
MEDIUM CAPACITY, 10,000-35,000 KW------------ ?--------
LOW CAPACITY , Under 10,000 KW_-------------- -----------~
PLANT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER__ ----------------- (10)
PLANT UNDER CONSTRUCTION--------------------
A
HIGH CAPACTY, 110 KV (Aluminum 6Omm)_.------ -.m~^
HIGH CAPACITY, I10 KV (Under Construction)------
]
MEDIUM CAPACITY, 60 KV (Aluminum 6Omm)_____
A Schemo,t k
LOW CAPACITY , 35 KV ( Copper 35mm)---________
UNOERGROUNC AIR DEFENSE CABLE 35 NV-----
NUMBER OF CABLES _-_______-__________-3
SELECTED SUBSTATION____________________
SUBSTATION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER------------------- 10
*THIS INDICATES NUMBER OF CABLES WITHIN INDIVIDUAL LINES.
WHERE SINGLE LINES PARALLEL EACH OTHER ON CHART,THEY
ARE CARRIED ON SAME STEEL TOWERS.
56O' ENGR OET (TIC) /2/T
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/06/21 : CIA-RDP81-01043R002100120008-3
(I 9)
22 CZECHOSLOVAKIA
MOSON Oq'
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KAP OS VAR
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ELECTRIC POWER
NGYKANIZSA
50X1 -HUM