(SANITIZED)CONTINUIOUS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R001600040006-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 139
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 1, 2013
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 5, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY `~.
This material contain information affecting the National Defense of the United states within the meaa1a of the Ispionage Lawn, Two
1e, U.B.O. Dow. 793 and 7a4, the transmission or r+relation of which in any manner to an unauthorised person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T 50X1-HUM
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COUNTRY Hungary
DATE OF -
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE AC Q.
50X1-HUM
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. ? APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS, TENTATIVE:
continuous gas ? oma ograp y, written by Dr. Pal. Benedek, A. Laszlo, and
L. _Szepesya and comprising a total of 137 pages. After an introductory
c:".'.artez' (n :a'rgwian), the three first chapters are preaented in English,
and t:.:a last u ree chapters in Hungarian.
2. The paper d~ e.l.s wit . the background, feasibility, and application of continuous
gas c1c. omatography. It is believed that the chapters- given in English.are
siff!.c:iGntl.y similar in subject matter to the rest of the.paper to let the
analyst determine whether translation of the Hungarian parts is warranted.
STATE X IARMY X INAVY I X AIR XFSI AEC OSI X
50X1-HUM'
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T !.P
' . ?'? -I )
c $e1eg,ok s_dazorvci6 4 4erVj ~ ad ecy~.~.. E.
Tiasta gdzok adezorpci6s izoterm It K La it 1sve.
zetdae ozerint am aldbbi egyenlet ir,a aft 1es
ab A/
CA ,. 1D
a ds b dllanddk.
ahol CAaz I g adezorbons dltal adezorbedlt !Tel. ek ezdat,
p frnyomde atmosz fdrdban
.,r
lyan, /l$hez hasonld/ izoterma egyenletet, aelyben a nyo?.
mde valamilyen batvanyou szerepel 4
mdr mega iangmuir, majd k 13 b k -
V
o~
4
u;
2
. 9.
IL 6 Si Aavasolt erv +!ft
C a ab
A i?bp
a
adezorbdtumot zepes. A Ieletlt:ez G Inu -
azonoe a rd, ztvev8 oentrumok esdmdUle A 00nt9~U* l(iiia -?+
eek. /A legegyszerUbb eeetbsn 1 Meg. 00 Ceata~amss-i , ' 4'
e83 elemi adszorbdtuaot, as a Lengouir Alta1 evedetileg (A- a
vagy Obb moleldtla egy vagy tObb aktiv Cent?sal egy t,1 .
deaarbituso sfia
S 1 3
>.
A A/ isoterma egyenletet Roble do Corrig*1 a b> lwm !-
egyensuly feltdteldb6i vesetik lee iwwsetdst1 Alta *.
*s tf. va a kdetkez8: 4V. 6,0...
Al adezorpeid k6misi 9rea1ooi6~s- * Idtst6dik lea S17
1~~ ou,:,~ lo~~ 11 ~n 1. a 4i~'l th ~~ti.bol 'ww-k~/+~
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g; alt eset. Ela 3 kbzelit68ben t6tele$s'. k tel, hogy as ad-
szorpci6ban ezimmetrikuus dieszociboi6 tbrt6nik pl.
13/
A2 + 2 1 - 20.
ahol .42 as adszorbe61and6 gt s, stet k6t atosos U01ekstlw
I egy ektiv centrt of jelent
AZ pedig egy elemt adazorb6tnmot.
A1ta16noeitva
a1858
aA+ql - q.~
a
aho3. ? 4e q\ biosetriat egtealet e6yitthtt6*
At - A molekula eay r4ase./a tovAbbiakban 02 bslrtt
Alt trunk/
A termodinamitai egyensulyi M1=&6 $w:
w
pA
ahol C a koncentrdciit $elenti.
' Fe3ezzUk ki CAl-t CA -als
/5/
CA - q ??4
Az tfssses centrumok koncentr6oi63at
L - C1+CAI
/6/
/r/
~, -~, , oh?b Mftlu. ti2i a kL 2 GQStiVw+~ . , A wo~bL!~ts? ..~
c~c!"orlvQrt clod~wl~
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aL ? nL ? LA
HelyettesiteUk be /7/ egyenletbe CrA kitejezdsdt /3/.b61,
majd CAIL CA?val /6/?b61, 6a rendeazUk CA-" /7/.et.
yg "l a
a y4
VeseesUk be a kdvotkez6 3e1O1Eseket:
"FRI
.1860
ezzekkel a jelaldsekkel Al ig irbot6s
KO a
C. -LA gA pA
Ss az egyonlet teljoseu asaonoe
as egyenletot
/9/
/U/
a /2/ egyeniettelo
Ha a mind a kit o1dalnak a reaiprok&t vesssUk 4s rendexx
illetve
1og/
?
alakot nyerUnk.
? n log A/ t
Pi VX41
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7 e
fta9onl6 ulakU isoterma egyenletet kapunk akkor is; ha a
nem asimmetrikus diessoeiaci6t t6telesUnk felopl.s
aA + ql
a All + Ali + .... + AQ1 /4.g/
do gibbon am esetben /io/ 40 /11/ usazeft gg6o nrm 6rv6nyes,
bar ZA BA ha.`'on16 egyszerU kapasoiatban ?-an L-el, illet-
ve Kival.
A fenti elk6?ael6snel megfelelgen drtelmez etSUk bi..
s onnll tt3bbkomponeasU ,AzeIcgyOk adszorpci S jSt is.
telr' k ?&:l, hod:' *-in? kdt komponens ad-zorpci63a szemL
pontjv' '. ugya'v ?` I centrum jtin szamit6sba. Lehat Le
aiaalr~ '
a~ adesorpcid$at a kdvetkez6 stdchiometriai
Bingfill
lettel tr3 let
egyen
aA + ql qAl /4/
e1862
bB + RY
A termodinamikaii egtensulyi dllanddks
CAIL
EA W
KB 0 Ch /is/
CA ill. 0B kt~e3eagse$
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/02/01 : CIA-RDP81-01043R001600040006-0
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d
Veaeestik be ism6t 63 /11/? vaiamint a ktvetkez8
3~1U3.4sek~t
b 0 s
r
1
460
K B r ce KB*
= L mL
LB
MAFKI
a185?
/22/
All
/24/
a rendezztak /21/-et CA?ras
L H? F n5/
CA
+HApA+gBpg
CB kife3ez4ee basonld alaku
CB
i+K PAn+E , a
B
` /26/
Az igy kapott parcialis izoterm mar nem do r$olhatdk egyw
szorre, mint az egyedi izotermdk* viaeont as eVedi iooter-
msk alap3bn megezerke9zthet6k* - -
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YAF KI
x1859
n beheiyettesitve /27/ fgY rendpshet~8 .7r
egyenletek a-lap3
n
a
xA
? ]?a.n
LB Ki
/1?1wr
-r.
et ft a ?t melyet a relativ ill4]toaye os b `
ZUe3ezh
loan definidlu1lk:
sA
ohoi as A indez az iilekonyabb kOWpenenst 3elentl.
nleteV
/S1,/?be belyettesitve is sende$Ye a* egyre
/56/.?at
or 0
L A ILA
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Ussset4telit A 94st"'Li.
Fe3eseuk ki as aassao.be~.lt
.tlasseteteldnek ftiggven`gben:
AZ eg..enietet eg?aserusitve 6s a
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,i
/32/.bGl az is 1dthat6o hogyha a aobban aasZorbefl6d6. kou"!
ponene egyutthat6ja aeX}abb, mint a kevisbi adssorbedi'6d'6
/a ( n/, akkor a nyomds n6veked6s64e1 of 4rt4ke as&X
.~r
Mivel a do n 1?n6l nagyobb nem leheti /52/ a3apjdn as ski;
beldthatd, hogy or as Usesset6tel1*1 v4gy tdl' osik, ho7
jobban adszorbadl6dd komponens kicsiny.paraiAlis nyasdsd
nd1 nag obb 6rtdkeket vess fe1, sort as hduj~adoi
a_
ekkor 1.n63 yobb. Ha a a n akkor es a tdnye*g
y ? 0,5 alatt 1?n61 kisebb,, a felatt pedig 1-01 nagyobb?
Ebben az esetben y s 0,5?n61 or : era a /tteg kell jegmo
ni,hogy elegyadssorpci6ndl a kUsepe3 hint dit*1Lban as
x a o,5-n61 16v6 irt6ke iscktdk tekintent/
of 6rt6k6nek fenti meghatdrozdehhos az isoteroa egyenlete?
?ket a Hoble..6a Corigan eikkdben leirt a6don kell dbrdsol?
ni, ami fdradsdgos mnnka.
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9 -
X t L q EJ~~j121 C (I~IQCv~ S L~Ovc dp~cl 1~lc`~kMC~O(dJa: q~nY`a\ 1j
~1vr=5az4~1~.
Langmnir izotermak eset6n vagy Langmuir isotermgkat felt6?
tolezve azonban or 6rt6ke klinnyen beostilhetK a tiesta gd*ok
tzotermainak kezdoti linerris szakasz6n 16v6 irAnytangeneti-
n k arbnya alap j din, mert mint a /12/-b6b lbthat , as toter
ma irinytangense kiceiny pA eeetdn LAH~-t ad~8~ ?~, P' -
Lig as elegyadozorpc16nill az adszorbedlt % xis Usszet6te16t
cx -val fejezztik ki, addig a menayisdgi viazonyotat gltala-
tun a Ui111ama dltal folyad6kok ad.ssorpoi6 j6ra feW.litott
68 s Gilliland 68 munkatarsai Altal gazokra 6s 1i4rle-
tileg 6nyesnek taldlt
0~ a 1 a1863
oA ~eB
/54/
egyenlettel irjuk lei ahol CAS illetve CB a tiesta kon-
ponen ekb61 are elegy Ussznyomisin adszorbealt mennyieeg k
/normfil m1/g/.
Az iaoterma egyenlet alapjdn %
Qo s LA HAP a
A 1 + KAPA
6s
; pn
0i o=
1+K$
A5/ /26/ /35/ 4e /36/ alap36n
/A5/
/36/
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10
/"S/a+/b-/n*go pIs +K8' p8
c +? Q13 = s p P A A
A Qg 1 + Hw pA +
Haetisata gasok ieoterm?it a Langmuir egyenlet Irja ia,
akkor /52/ 3obtolaala valdban 1?e1 egyenl5, eUenkes8 east.
",en 1-ndl nag obb. Amint as azonban as egyenletbal latesik,
as clt6rfa nem nag:. , 6a as as Ussonyom6s ndveked6e6Vel egy
?
re cadkken. /54/ ti8szefUgg6s tohdt bsssnilhat6 it adasor?
beilt ftzis mennyis4gfli vissonyainak loir?s6ra. /54/eat
rendozvo
"M
x1865
C . aA+oB =
L;eg ]cell b>sonban 3(.:gyesni, hogy es as de8sefUgg6$ kls6rle?
? ti adatok el n6rz6sere nem alkalaae, meVt nyi3Lviava1dan .?
` hibis kledrl pontok*a is Arv6nyss e6biny %?o$ hib i?
kb. c w
? gp1ta )
4y
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/02/01 : CIA-RDP81-01043R001600040006-0
s
,d
A i'olj tonos ttzemU gazkromatografia. IV.
F:lytonos Uzemti kromatOgrafdl d9zlop ezaait&Sa bin6r
elegy szettalaszt?s6ra. .f
dr.Benedek Pal! SzepesY L4szl6 fA, _5z6pe Istvan.
taasal. foglalkozott stein, ill. Esayon /3,4/.
A folytonos akettt gaz* romatografia fizikai k6mi'i.
34val 6s a kromatogr&f'alo oszlop . szAmitacaval kapcso?
latban rendkivtil kev4s utalds talilhat6 az i>rodalomban.
Az irodalom szerint /1/ a sz6mitast a tobbko poneneut
folyad6keok frakcionelt de9ztilldc163dnal alkalmazott
n36mitishoz hasonloan kell v6gezni. Az ircdalonban megg
talalhat6 ilyen szamitAs eradmenye, a szAmttdsi m6d-
szert azonben nem isiertetik. A folytonos uzemit gaz?..
krom. _togr6firir6l tartot t eloa&,' a ok loran a veg~ ?szm6r-
. ,nUki tewvezEEc kE'rd6: eit alig 6rintett6k, ti vit,2k son
sem adtak/r6szletes vdlaszt a terveze'sre vorztkoz6 jk6r?
desekre~2A kftz6tett eikkekb3l As eloaddsokb6l hi3n:zik.
a sz6nscbosseg meghatu'rozE:3?inuk iomertet6se, holott uz
a terv?z6s eg;,-ik fegfontosabb mozz rata.
Az irod..lom a1.1c3t-'n azt a kovetkeztet st vonhat3u.r
..lei hogs. nincsen lciforrott mo'dszer, 'al. torsos Uzeuuti gaze
kromatografal6 oszlop szimit4s6ra.
Jelen ktiz1em6nyben k6't adazorptivumot tartalmazo' gaze.'
leg, kromatogrgf.i~-s :3zZ!tv"1aszt:is.inuk ozimit6sarl less
sz6. /I.kUzletn ny . vailtozat/. 11y-en termiszeti ezami.
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4 47
AZ I. k *zlem6n3ben rdsnttattunk a tot 3tonoe tisimU
gazkromatograf6l6 oszlopban 6s a ttilttSt? deeztill616
kolqpnaban v6obemeno fol3amatok 6b szakaszanak lm6r~eg6s?
Yromatografa16 os:lop rektifikal
tebat am elm6leti tnny6rszam 6s am eln6leti t4ny6r ma-
gaasagegyen6rt6k6nek /frTP/ meghatAroz sat foglalja oa-
giban. Az. elvalasztas jellemzes6re a fo13tonos Uzemii gais?
kromatograkromatogrtifianal to megadhat6 a miniwAlis re-
fluxaran3, valamint a minimal.is tan; 6rsz6.m tel jes reflex
eset6n. y-'n; eges elter6s a deszttll6eWna1 iiltalanosan
_3 az alland6 ao-
hasznslt ez?mit6si m6dszert&l /5/ az, 'hop
1aris an3?agforCRlom felt -tele, molt, a szmmit6st na837m6r-
t6kben},egyszerusiten6, nem all fer.t, mart am aktiv sz6n
6Azfelvev6kepe9s6ge a gazbssZet4teltol 6s a hom6rs6klet-
tol fugg3en valtozik.
A rektif1kal6 sza'kaszra kidolgozott szamitrsi mud.
szerilnk as anyagforgalmi eg:. enletek 6s a III. kt slea6ny-
ben ismertetett elegyadszorpc16s i;sssefilgg6sek eg3t-tms
alkalmazasan alapezik. Az adszorrci6s eg.Nensul: kife-
jez6s6re as elvalaszt?si t6nyezo"t hasznLl4Uk
Oa/Y
Yb
Az elegyadszorpci6 mew.nenlet ialkalmas, amea ~-'III*
saerint
lem6nyben levesetett./9/ egy
as elegyb6l adszorbe< tisszes' mennyis'g:
N0
b /2/
Na+~
a Nb
+ i -1/x'
Az Q1m61eti t y6razar ezamitisa.
or almat stacioner ktS-
A kromatografA16 oszlop anyagf g
ft31
.
ritlm6nyek koabtt am 1, abra tUnteti
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w. 3 w
As egisz osslep anyaAxdrlegt:
Al
B 7B ? DYD + Yym /4/
B m D +M
A tajlagos anyagadrleg a kUnnyebb kosponensre:
Ltivel a/ 469eorberben as Usesee adesorbeait gez feissaba-
duls yW ?~ z~, vagyie a deszarberbe 16p3 aktiv ssdneu ad-
ezorbeilt gis b$szetdtele /xx/ megegyesik a fendktes'aft
dsszetetelevel, es mivel a legfele8 "tanyerr6l? ttvoz6
gas egy rdszdt fejterm6kkdnt VesszUk el, maeik rdsze pedig
a friss ssdnon tel3esen adozorbei16dik 6s refluxkdnt viss-
8aa3ut a felsa"spakaszba: yD = xD, vagyis a fejtermdk Uss-
szetdtele // segegyezik a reflex /ZD/ tfsazetetelevel?
a/ Ir3uk fel as anyagmorleget a beteplelee feletti
vagyis a fels5 szakaszra:
Gn?Pa-1+D
IIivel a 3zdn az adott kbrtilmdnyek kosott telitve van,
An .j kife3ezhet 3 a szeri tomegsebess igenek es fa3lagos
elegyadszorpc16shkapacitas:nak ;mo1f / s orzatival.
An-1 W.Nn-1
Az anaagmcnrleg teh~it:
Gn=stn-1+D
illetve,a kbnnyebb komponensre:
Guyn - WNn-1 n-1 + DXD /8/
/6/
/7/
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/ 3/-b61 y4 et ktfe 3czvo$
VNA
yn s...~... -1 +
illetve
D
zD
`N 1
n ? :.. U 1+.. xn-1
D" xD
s.'^'r D7-"mil *"Lr
/7/
40/
A /lo/ eg: er.let r. fe1s6 ezabusz munkavOna1.nak egyenlcte?
b/ thaon16k6i ren folirht-to ez ink arm6rler a betip-
1:1 o alatti, vag; is az clsd szuk: 9zras
+1 G + 41/
ji~ +1 a /6/ ogyonlethez P.asvill',nn lrife3ezhet6 a ^s6nooben-
-cg faj1r;-os clc!-;...,?;,zor' C0n tri:^aCt?. ?7 ??Z: ,Lvali
JA_
Az end i~~m~.?l ~r' r :~* t
m+1 ? Gm +
60
dNm+1 m+1 M"m
/12/
/14/
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A4/ ea;,-enletb6l y.-et kifejesve:
m 11
11letve
A5/
WN +l
Ym +i: m+l VlNm+l~
zu
A /16/ eg: enlet az n1c5 sraknnz rru,n7r..varal:-rr ogyen .
let e.
Ha as &11anci5 mol4rte anyagfor Talom felt6tele fa, nail
0 g a konati 11m+1 o NM... ? konat./, akkor a
n??2 n
/lo/ 6s ,/16/ egyenlet al,ip3an, :la Cabe Thiele gf'afikus
m3dazer6vel megi:at4rozi at5 a 'div:~nt elvalasztdshos sz.=k-
sige elmtllett tlr_ crok 3zamao
i, folytonos tizemti gtizkroa-..tograffi16 osz1opb.ln amon-
ban t tnce Llland5 mol,~ris an.?a forgalom. A ,2/ a yenlet?
bon defini< deezes a6szorbealt -Aswern., is6P az adszorptl"
vtm t'sszo C ? e1et G1 f. ktSvet*:( z6s'C6: Ptef vtlto::i's L Z
oszlop ment Sn /1. III* kdzlec:'6u: 5.11bra/. Ez azt 3eler??
ti, hor-> a /lo/ 6s 4(/ eg: enlc tber_ definiti3.t munkavoral
nam lerct er-_: ener. :: vu? tor.:s .VL . ^nt ~snhh ~~li it~ero8
tehdt fig3elembe kell venni Liz edrs(?i'b il~ :nolrz',?-
v.atoztis5t. Kin,i%eb. re?elhetjecc=- c, l jsbol a mu+:'.avonalak
fcnti og2enletci k::vct'-cz:k 'pcn ?,t,
a/ A fcls u" odw asz ez.!mit:.s_hcz a /lo/ eg )e -:l( the
~ :: ?
r6cb"'t c LeH._e.:u'4tesitvc? c
N 6rta /2~ r~zef* r- z
?
azer::s1t6eck uti::n.
/ ' -1/ Xn?1 +
Zij
+1
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. 6 ..
A 67/ esyonl" egwaserusit4se cdljdb6l veaessUk be as
3e1316ete
As egyeilet tehdt a ki$vetkeao"kdp en mddosul:
ti
x,] ZU-1 +
A9/
Es e, y alulrdl konk{v hiperbola eg,, enlete, ael; as e.
9y 4n3ul Yi dtagratnm At i6 j t a y x = aD pontban metes,
ass.zi?pt3tdja -,edig az y ten.ga11ye1 p6rhuzamos G s3
o
e,iycttes.
A' betaplelas felat tl r6szbfin a rez'? t.xar~n t a desztilla"..
ei6hoz hason+uan defini4juk, az id,5egy aegbeu visszave?
zetett ds a termekkdnt elvett miiak han,;adosuv--,?
ALA Rf r3fluxa '&v-- e:, tz :iO kdzd t o /a /2, egtieniat ~ek .u?
I'etbev te14vei/ az alabb? bs3zefiig--6s 11,1 f:nts
/21/
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I
4
Aivel a a adezorbeilt menu:-,106g thin:; 6rr6l tdn; Arra v6].??
0 deiintct6 aserint &lland6, iSo-
tossikv Itt nail allund6e P!
term izobir Ordlm6nye% kSsgtt ssint6n ~llsndd, igy
Bask az r 13a13%et6tellel valtozik?
b/ A betSplilis alatti, als6 szakaszra a /3.%/ WOO-
lot a kbvetV?e33k6P2en m6dosu1? A /2/ egyenletbol N 6rte?
Tr6t behcl?? ettesitve
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A bet6p1614s alatti azakaszban a reflnzaruyt a deaztil?
ldeidndl a k14VO16 ezukaszban alkalaasott "vieszaforra-
1+si arany??nak megfololo&en definialjuk, b oaztopba visa-
szavezetett 69 a tormdkk6nt clvott m6lok hrnyadosaval?
Ra a I s p,,~g r
/25/
Az R a refiuxaran;,- itt is tan%trr61?tdu,6rra ,lltozik,
R8 vjszon t Rf hos hasonl6an diland 6 ?I rt 6k. R 69 R$
kRa4tt a kavetl ,t luct ; otal proluot
lit. lit* lit.
'. Z
1v, 4 1,'.'
.:J3,U 10,0
r
Pilot plant aqupsr~e
T'hv
Ci*p conbinuoua ran
of both experiments
18905
MAPHI
a1879
1 14,9 17,1
14,6
lU,3
17_.4
20403
chromatography - llot rla't. rias iee!1-nel on the hasis
t'te anove dascritc-i iz or'$ or' p-tui'w, of and of other
18boratoty meASUro^'ents. The pilot nlnnt ronresonted a morn than
hunirodfoli increase in size, as re!'"rtre1 to the laooratory
equioment. 'h'+ flor sheet of tno otlot plant In shown in Figure
r
The gas to be procoss' 1, thi-' cornposi`.1on of ahich -vas diiTer-
ent in each rues according to the purpose of the exporir4ent, was
mixed in a.gasomoter of 200 ou.m capacity from where it Was
li~ _ .--- ----i?~- ..C 4L.,. wr...r+n+.. P n n?+n., hf~ tflIIjrm
through a o'f`fer at canl.r-tl1R'1 nressure`y means of
cornpressq t Tho fo-'' Re', ^r'.iro' thro>>.?h t:~o adsorption section
actlvnto'i carbon movini downwards, whereby
the total ,ruant `.y --' prstyl.arne enu oart of the carbon dioxide
was adsorbod. The (ras leavinj? thu adsorption section which con-
tainod no longer an'j anotylone,k was vithdrawvn as an ovo cad
cA+ fM a
product a top of the a'iaorption section and introdugod into the
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of
tains 10 tubes. Below t`?9 cool r so^t'_on there is the adsorpt Os
gtction, a tube of 1,2 m length and 25 cm diameter. Gas is
ah~Cp'p1 '? 4 t:s1
thrOUj;h tbe -e 4kZ4a-X i t t ed at the nattom o; the adsorption
sootion. =;itiidrawal of the product is also effected from inserted
in order to avoid direct feeding to,, @rA
v^?P?
the carbon b?`7'The so-called rectification at
withdrawal from,
section below the feed point is a 3,5 in long tube of 20 am dia?
mOter. The Dowtherm heated desorption section contains also 1"
tubes'; its longth is 4,5 m. ~c: Ii? 4
sectios
a the
1 The bottom of the colunm an
the puVrose-
is connected by a 100 MM d=ameter tube, athich serves
aS \isotgs o f the aoivam-~ the gre
of a bydrautie look for the
systems of the . In order to ensure uniform ina this
? s
movemen, there is it baffle inserted above the narroving.is
leak aactiori
e antral vulva, by means ofich the movement
r.vftlOh the Movement
~ is th
,
hs'aOtlvat carbon can be .stopped when lilling u the systiq
volume of the central.
r5 from the gas
0 ds4 is. ithdra~m
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d
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/02/01 : CIA-RDP81-01043R001600040006-0
acetylene content of 6,5 per cent was as followal-
Ii veatigation of 'too nicn_~___1_e, Aromotera in pile lant
d
1MA KI
a1884
mat capaoxtyx ok 4*4
.-
,At a pressure of 1,1 ata 20,5 au.iu(
1,3 " . ? 126.5 " " n
1, 5 " gas 1
on
2 2 5.? .p.
ou.m. ' '/hr
1,85
1,98
1,9?
2,15
2924
R, 31
The highest fev quantity 'list *ioh acetylene-free overhead
product could be obtained, i s oalled-T,.axtraum capacity corrospondinp
vKi} L
SqU4jI: Q4t capacity/Y+as nvo igatoci at throe different press
Oaro3, under otherwise identical conditions. The out-bon o1roulat-
ton' in the eq tnnQ - amo mteci to about-215 kg/hr during these ex-
porimentn. The maximum capacity wbjch could be achieved at an
to a given operating pressure.
Data obtained inn capacity experiment series
it 5 eta are
Feed Ran
ou.W*P94 /hr Per cunt
S 3-. p.
2H,0 6,6
30,0 6,6
30,8 6,4
35v6 694
359,0 6v4
36, ?' 6,4
11' ?t 4-h.... k
am n9 n? a-'etvle,A in, the
carried out, at.
C2H2
in gverhead
product
traces
a
Carbon;'O *WP
V
ou:7iiii V , It
6,6.
Mf ~
U f4i
break through
10O
10,*.
ov"rhap.i prori'ict was detected with
L
Ilosvoyroarfnt.
~
1L
"
Investigation covering e 4 e*t
a/ the capacity, under otherwise identical conditions;3n-.
;'creases between certain limits closely linearly riith-oporat-
I
tonal pressure exerted.
This: is a .natural consequence' of the fact, that in the' invaat-
ca.~iovL~lgy iSc -i .r4,
4 ? ~~ 151l6vr , 1
capacity/heriforo; ~[ that
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^ it~ partial oresq ua.
ly a linear funotior~ W
bl Ul4 p, ,,, f 4 ".ft ac t ivu to : carbon, ae compurod with` the
4X
Isotherm. value of correspondinE, ourtinl ?)ressure, waou,itQJ tv abt,
60 per cunt, i iependent of the exerted oressuro.
This? pjiouo:venon is on the jae hn?i i loo to the fact that the
carbon itr`the adsorption socbdon must retain beside the eh*tged
acetyldnd }t4# _alsu the ncetylenH flouring upwards from the
rectification section, and on the other hand, that carbon dioxide
adsorption decreases the ae"tylenw adsorption capacity and the
carbon capacity decreases also owing to rise in temperature tm
nause4 by the heat of adsorption.
Tliiosc two rules, which in spite of their theoretical explanas
tions a~e only alap4rieal ones, may be used as preliminaries at the
dimensioning of a continuous gas chromatography-equipment for the'
processing of PO gas.
heating the
adequate acetylene desorption could be ensured by n6
to
activate! c,rtin ak a ta.nperaturo of 2?1Q-280?C. At a pr"oiisui+e of
1,5 ata, total 3osorption coup not i0 broi}.A,k~t .bent even at X00?C
grj''J~itd1
In orclo
.1885
2/ Dosl)ration _
Desorption condition* ,Were thorou(~h1YAQe?tigated in t}io
pilot plant. In the expgriinenta at pressuree of 1, 1 end'1,3 ao.ta,
and acetylene ro?hal-'Od on ev rbon , ,?
; to complete ddsorption, steam was injected at tha botto of the j
dm) fl z'
>i'' ~ ,,''~;, V--__ _~:.~.. ~.., ? ~+.+i~t.+lmnnts_ the\lto Q
'temporature was 280?C.
} t4ty nec 9sa~c9"for acniev~ng `~iQ8U 1-4lsiii i~vw~vv.. ., ~s . o k, :
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S Y, y~ G0 orbajt ~,ce~l~,? is ,,y~spl c. ly =
In case of
rJe by steam, rd it Is the stoa'n that,mast- tae removed from `the
activated carbon In the hoating sao+t?ion. According to the adeorptio~d
equilibrium of a + al%orbed atenit remains un the activated oarbOA
oven at the aunvo temrnroturo. This ueoroases carbon actaivity on
the one hand, and may?cause troubles in carbon transp?rt/n the
to
batty state, duo to low heat conductivity of activated'ea=bon,.
emnora
?een i?, inure 4. This is not a spec is feature of t2i0 proaens, it
. s outside-coo =ling tieing considers
otLot ractertzes onlr euv p, lot, nlant~, ~abla owing to thR sTnttll diameter and 3nadenuao Zrisut`ition;ii; ;Q. r4P
column of larger diameter, i.ho system incessantly ippraaehes ad".os'
setting of the correct pressure conditions at the ] ler part of the
$~?r~y01~!~1~`r
Oete m, Under
lpf'
column and preventing downwards flow of the o?i~r e- :.
these oimumstancea it could be ensured that he x&ttor.~oontent of
the activated carbon reaching the adsorption section should not ex-
ceed 1 per cent. Et
&1886
Ti,' Temperature distribution
4--lie aistributiotn of the ohroma.to6rjjbhic column can be
other hand. As can be seen from literature data, drying or aoti!a ?
carbon is carried out in the cooler on top of the.column, bY-VKs9in?
be
part of the ovorhead gas. We thought 1* alvisable'to carry out the
dehydration immediatelY below the desorption section, the activat?d
carbon temperature being still higher there, and rglatively smaller
Y
~as ynintittee necessary to reach more efficient desorption.
e recirculated o*PAGV gas was passed.: through the flash
Part of tt\h cos
tube oetween tho?desorption section and the car-e*. lift 8oction,
making posaiolt- beside the above mentioned dbhydrat vil both the
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I0 2
? ting of --reaPIarncs can o m- ?am.~e:; by r?,,;uljtini, thereon ait gas
pvontt ^n i thvou .h t:i4 hy?.fraulle loc'd. Local nreasuro Valttet
nrov;,'lI' in at difforont 'iolPhts an.: ai 1,5 ;eta
opar~~ t,)r.4t` >, ~,qs .rc) are shoaml in rjruro 8, ftnow74.ng at the vane tIxw
the ly al oresau)o, the tempoaturo, and tho Ean composition, the
t.tn trwmnpnrt of the ohroi?)atographf oolumn may be calculated.
5/ Concentration distribution
t.i "rlL,r co determi:v? accurately concentration distribution,
as samnplan' wara fader, at ava:y 0,5 m in x-)o :''octification and,the
adsorption Sections. Soparato experiments were carried out at Jim
v'ryint carbon veloci.tie3 to determine t'.io influence of the?oarbon
io
velocity and Vin roLlux rata r-eanuctivoly oz the concentration
values taken
dllitrtoutton. In Figure 5/ as x / at lifforent carbon veloai.
i.
ties, a.o, -itffoa~ent aootylono c'iar;as are given. It can be seen
from the Figu~o, that tho minimum raft t fi cation height necessary
for tha rosolittion of the acetylene -? car5t,n dioatio mixture anottlltg
to 2.3 m. denendtni on the roflu?c rate.
Figure 6/ shows the moss diagram of the process taking plat!
in tha chr ographtc c- 1u cis p p" -".te I aec )ritlL-j to $.hankoy,
ejLA
5; A.:tr. L-if) . ..:. i? v~ r, :,,s.t i ms.
Attritinit of thL. uo- cs ru:?. and changes In its activity
4-4e_ Iqr ya4-
iv)ro Cysto?n36ieall;; iuvooti.,uc-c,d in oar pilot plant. The
i oQrL .
v o- c:a??bo?) Just 1s forged' not in the moving bod,.but..
In tho r,,,,,s, -r the pneurmotic transportIrthe eat being allbjQOt
to hipli -,ochenlCal stresses there. This was proved by the fact. that
lice IiN ..s,
under lion-teal circumstances but employing , se- of
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summary
of omplay1.n8 f
14- WgS vestigated the Possibility contlAuous
fie-in
aseous mixture.
chromf tography for "the reaoluti on n the gpr
:l ~xi'1atio' ^f ret'.~anA. TAchntCal data Ofa aetnii
guced be ,?nrti
?~uot:s lcb4r~}ot`Y v nt', ? Ant and -)f a pilot plant, Are. dta4Oeids
Monti
the o , ,ientity Of the GQP4` 91W#
g 3iffor.~h`. 3i?non9iona 7h~ ~'-r-'1~
dtfi o ?~ ,' nLt riti~-~ leases v9ro Axnnrionco4. Under optimum eircum-
nfle carbon cycl" is
sta?~e9s, uttrtti~n loss h1 ring a
log.- 2.5 por cent
'ITMtis -!Owns that ':'vier Qap?rimontsl aonlitions the recovery of
1 i v; aonzentratoi -acot7 'C'no is a:companied by. attrition of 2026 k
r- ..,.., e_ . 6.5.7Per cent/. Specific
nra3. ire ,--au?nstic transpor .. erhiph
~ndt t10 ne and,
j3M c
mont unlor mlrn fzv~uTM~haln a rt-xat ~
A 8rction of the activated carbon
is of nrimw-r--3r'-snCe wit,, .. the pro
4e sus Lcace.
to be need by i,.mroviPQ mechanical a4sess
aCF;'h+kA atematicallT
During the oxt;Ar3mAnts. car n eanplea were sl
l7as dotermined by meaeurina
tat;;" to control the activ2ty. Activity
rlhich Was found to be constsAt.
th ocetylene ret*U apc city,
attri
ui
,., r?? z -)ho hand. and Gh the othor frond in a large oQ P"
Bj. Ke is well nerooptible and reproducible.
a *rixture of acetylene ani inert as to passed through
fixe:l\aarb.n bo1, after tho olanse of gaertain peria3 from Of
beair.nin- of Urn oxportment /the so-called break through time/
acotylnno emerges from the carbon layer in the carrier gae,a&t
co. otintr.,tton then. tncrealos and roae'"es the acetylene eonedul
ration it the fnod pes. Thy results of such an experiment are
shorn 11 ?igure E, tTiero break through times taken in carbon
colurvis of 1 f ?Aro?1t ne{ ;htt+ at constant gas velocities are
'lotted as a functton of zone length. It can be seen. from th
Firvre, that un to n cerratn carbon column height, exooeding
so-callod worktnr Zono lo*if-th, th' correlation bocomos linear
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,yhic., ~aan~ t. 44t t e e-1vanc1n.- velocity of the conoontretion
4o-e01led working- ton?, is constant
15 qt--1n,_4 1-on soctt l'ir o
r?~? n zone dons not change. T'n working
and the 1 Any tnl ~f .`~ ro _ -- -- -
z~ra 147?t't /T,~/~ t. a. the length whore the above linear coma
04.10" ."tin gill, rn..r therefore be asttmct?d from Figure 2. Tho
u-'va-nel-I voloci t.y 7` the %-Mrl ne zone can also be d?tort-aiaod
fv-: the Figure. Tr'? oorrelatio" between the bre6w4 through 'tim*
a? the Qo a height being linear,, the l.ongth of the working Zone.
!008 not. c`zang3 while the vrorki g cone is odlanc inb. Z+here'.3
e f L cm length- has b ny
mosr_3 that iurin~ thcs su?no period a Zon
4i-.-W of
saturated with acetylene. The &dsO?ption URP
betnp,_knOwn from the adsorhti can' Of acotvlOne, if it is aesumi d .
the a au rption from the gas stream takes place undor iaothoririal
con i +. t i irls,. no '"l f r i cultt- nil l no experienced in calculating the,
velocity
advsnc irift/of the working zone in advan0e/1/.
tinder therm rcuntancoa, if a gaseous mixture, the 60i,61+
rentratio?' of Co /cn.cm acetylone per c om tote].
mixture/, is introJucod at a velocity of cu.cmjmin. into an.
adsorbent layer with a prose-section - of S sq. ! and 'the *o kil
he ail S acotylen
zone ham advanced L cr luring ~;minutoaa t~
nrin the SO TO time /CoVP'/ is equal to
m o
adsorbed ocei lend quantit *? they a~dtf:
content
/1/ Dubtnin, an i Tschmutoff.: Phystco?chbmical prine't i
of antigas protection, Moscow 1939 /in Rua ian/
Ens filltnr the free space of thaw carlaa, be
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I
y~ 4v~Jov~~1?~+ ~geoc
N 3 --
o~F1.QoMn~wQy~ `~ S~a~lc MCwoO~ Cs~~~;C
a dC'??~-,.ti c4f%C'% %) )
bo .tA'.?l00t0d. t. >t t i' orose'lt. invosti('twt4o^.a this moan:+ an orror
:...rti
br~
lcatc13n0~0u.cm aisoroont) donotoa t`to l'tbr4%*
oAln;v 1 nar cent. Thot?efo1'e
/1/
Cov'~ = 4SL A
'.he ti'orbo^t at an ejuilibrium concentration
xx
Co, P' s ivn U to velocity of the working zone from equation /l/
%vi11 De:-*
are in -satisfactory ags'00'
aeetyleno was dM
tarminsd from Fitauro 3, which ropresents the 140therm8 of *Oat7"
lone,, determined ey conventional method
o.iSova hce:1A i~N'*
'lent. 'Phi, eff"+ -i.at4i static
vancing tolooity of the working-iszone
u L - C:-- V /2/
~ -
T 0 S
If-
TT'% n Justii'icetton of the aoovo disclosed calculation method in
given in Table le A mixturo of 9,5 per ':oat acetylene and of 90,7
~iftereat
ear-at a
oar cent hydrogen was messed through the adeorp
velocities. The exporiraontcl and cabal ated values of the a&lvi.
3F' of aootV'
c
carbon omplayod. 0qQ4-3JUV&UA ? ' ' stati
p.
~
u cm0 -,V9** ' 8 75 ou.cm( j, ou;~4 adbort~enti 46
17,5
n at c p t~
Rosults of nroek thrcughYoxperimonts at various aoety1In :t
in Tahln :3` 1
- -a
von
'A' a b 1 0 1
u11, u
eu.cm/sq.am.min calculated measur in L/
cm/min
270,0 2,87 3,I0
600,0 6.38 6.95
Chem., 42, 1319 /1950/
GJ
.g.Le:via,B.R.( illilan",e.Chortow,and :..P.Cadogan, Ind
Loom .
^ge6'
5,2
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V/S 300 o?~.c:. r+~}.om.min
p - ?60 mm Hg
6,5 -
v, 4
3,04
2,94
3, 22
8, 7
0,3
3,14
3, 25
3054
9,3
8,?
3, 22
3,44
3,82
1200
10,2
3, 56
3262
4,08
18,7
14,?
3,82
4984
4
24
45_, 3
_26,2
5 19
57
,
3.88
The 3ifferenee between calculated and measured values may b'
explained as follows. If break throughr'exptrinants on activated
carbon bode o! different hoig`ite eoul:l be cvrrf.ed out ~un.dor tso-
a-dLo X94 ~c c.t -
thermal conditions, the -r.;; il-i ra n static &e- ' at a given
acetylene concentration might be calculated from the measured ad
??
vanein'g velocity of the wnrkinr_ zone L /'t, -.e, a point of the
isotherm of acetylene would be obtained, haeording to equation
`3/
GoV
LS ---
The "Isotherr plots" of acetylene for geseous mixtures of varl'ew
coneentrattons at a temperature nf.2000 have been taken by thin
. method, And are?shovn in Figure 3 /broken line/. It can bi gathe
ad from the FiCurd that with increasing partial prers~sure of
aoetylenvX the :eviction between the twcijcurves also increases.
This may be explained by the fact that during the dynamics exm
periments zoo time is available to remove the beat of adsorption,
as a result of ?rhiob the temperature of both the activated cart
and the gar rises. Another c~nsequonce is that under dynamic o,
ditions .the adsorbent cannot be saturated k up to the equilibr..
static activity /a3 4 as/, on'1 this explains the dovaiatlon be-
t:ween calculated sn3 measured u values. each point of the dyn
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I
"isotherm" oalculabed from the advancing velocity of the work-
ing zone, belongs to different isotherms. The ratio of the
calculated and measured values of the advancing velocity of
the working zone thus Oepreeente the degree of saturation of
the activated carbon under dynamic conditions.
If there are two substances to be adsorbed in the gas
introduced into the adsorber instead of or;e, these substances
1?h?ti
in~luewce each otberaa adsorberbility, During thu resolution of
ost'tial oxidation end gas, part of the carbon dioxide will
also be adsorbed beside acetylene. The influence of the pre
senoew of carbon dioxide on the adsorption of acetylene has
been investigated in a special experimental series, the re
Hatal?t4
sults_of which are given is Figure 3. Neepnng acetylene con-
centration approximately constant in the experiments, carbon
dioxide concentration in the feed gas has been, varied.
T a b l e 3
v/S - 225 cu.oiq/sq.om.min,
p - 760 mm 8g
per sent pecent ~2N2(~pjom/min.
Xed
L fC: eaam m n
ccm
ou.om NP?
/cu.om
8,7 - 8,3 2,36
2,44
3;08
?
8,76 {2,3 8,3 2038
2,48
3,07
8,96 5,0 8,4 2,40
2, 51
3,15
8,27 8,48 7,9 2,15
2g St
3,50
It can be seen from the Table that the advancing velocity of
the gas front as well as the difference between calculated:b
and measuredn'values slightly increases with increasing cab.
bon dioxide concentration. These findings agree with the r- ,:.
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sults )f in?, t ~'to-~^ dealt rwitt ii t ho literature, accord-
in.- t-) ahic'i s na1lnr iuant itios of aoetylen? are retained in
the case n' mixture adsorption than those adsorbed from pure
acetylene. Only ,ualitstivo conclusions may however be drawn
from F1.vure 3. This la due on the one ie to the fact that
the aeetylen- con-ritratior~ is not constant, as a result of
which also the value of u 1r chonge?a. Thq second reason is hk
the inherent inaccuracy of break throughYexperiments. Acetylew
ne adsorption is only sli fitly decreased by the presence of
carbon dioxide a vi the veri? tion of u values is therefore
the same order as the oxporimentyl error in break through ox-
periments /5-10 ?er cent/. Table 3 shows however that the pw
presence of carbon dioxide does not influence acetylene ad-
sorption oonsidera)ly /for full pe:rticulars, see paper In/*
k4c
In t.ie course of eUT further experiments, the influence
of the activated carbon humility on Leetylene adsorption was
$ c I c ~dio.tti:w -?p'ck'1
inves~igatei. :hy of the activated carbon
is a very important factor as regards di~~soiooning of the pro-
cess. Under ?:a ufacturing conditions, t o'f carbon contains
a certain iuan ity of huniiity, vhioti 1nXluenOes its activity
? to a consider l.e extent.
Hitherto in oa exroririenta the activated carbon was not
~1ea ~'n the carbon in
dried by an g it In vacuum, but by keepSta
a desiccator at 150?c for 1 1/2 ire. The carbon dried in We
way contains about 0,5 - 1,0 per cent water, which eorreapoida
to the humidity prevailing under industrial VvedusAM-981b conddit-
ions. The gas to be investigated was not dried, but ohargid-
saturated with steam at room temperature, the end' gas of the
83y
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N-
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N
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P
cr) :' INUOUS GAS CH1?.OMAT0GhAP1Y III
Inveetit;ai.ton of the adsorption equilibrift of acetylene-
carbon dioxide mixture
Dr. P. Bonedek Ln3 L. Szepesy
dynamic analysis of mixture adsorption. Due to the thBroetioal..
inadequacy of the correlation deducted by him, this also
supplied values deviating from experimental data. Besid4
tho above cited pepors, there are some other publications
'ith the) ievelopmAnt of continuous 'gas chromatography
a continuous adsorption operation has been realised for the
resolution of gaseous mixtures, Which is similar to fractio-
nal diet'llation. As a consequence of this, it has become
necessary to investigate adsorption equilibria
of gaseous mixtures, Which have hardly been dealt with up
to th' present time.
Markham and Benton have tried to apply the Langmuir
equation in the calculation of adsorption from mixtures /1/.
The values obtained from this equation agree to the experi?
mental data only in an exceedingly narrow range. ]h a recent
work, BerinF? and Serpinskii /2/ have shown the theoretiopl
cont'radictions of it on the basis of thermodynamic cons*der--
ations. Recently, Broughton /3/ has carried out the thermos
endeavouring to describe mixture adsorption phenomena.
/ .Markham, A.F.Bonton: 3.Am.Ch0m.Soo.v 497 /1931/
V.V.Serpinskiis Zs.Ptz.H1m.,26,No.2,253/1952/
/2/ B.P.Bering,
/3/ D.B.Broughton: Ind.$ng.Chem., 40, 1506 /1948/
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Owing to influences amonv the components, the deduction of
a correlction, on the basis of cfiioh the adsorption from a
a mixture could relf9bly be calculated knowing only the too-
therms of pure gases, is not very promising from a theoroti?
No data have yet been published dealing with
the adsorption e1uilibriam7of aoetylene?oarbon dioxide
mixture.
cal viewpoint.
V
Description of the laboratory adsorption apparatust?
ve,?r :wtat~re~
Adsorption equilibriala
in the apparatus shown in Figure 1. The 13 amt diameter glass
tube p1saoed in an ttltrnthermostat and surrounded by a water,
jjacket is able to contain 10 gr activated carbon. One side
of the adso rber is connected with a buret of 500 ml capacity,
and the other side with a 1000 ml buret, having 1 and 2 ml.
graduations respectively. The burets as liquid tr ps?
T ay(contain saturated ooaaon-salt solutio_b which has been
shaken with the gaseous mixture to be investigated before
starting the experiment, in order to saturate the Solution
with gas. Duo to the vapour pressure of the liquid, the to-
tal adsorbed quantity was somewhat smaller than t1e value
found in our comparison teats with Bg as liquid trap. Ac?
cording to exnerimental data of Lewis, 8# d, and co-
workers /4/, the relative adsorption capacity of two com-
~onents re?erre--4a &-&e-thew'49 not changed im the presence
of a third component. This has been confirmed by we gontrol
/4/ w.K.Lewis P.R.4illtla d. B.Oh/tow, w.P.Cadogant
Ind.Eng.Cnem., . 1319
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c
measurements and the carbon dioxide - acetylene equilibrium
? wa-Yafou.P.
has not been influenced by the presence of *b8Mm6'In order
to simplify the method, the above described liquid trap ~aa
been used for our measurq#ent series.
Adsorption measurements wor? carried out on activated
carbon of Hungarian make, marked NUXIT A; the same quality
was applied in the pilot plant also. Prior to the experiments,
0
the carbon was dried in a desiccator at 150 C for 1,5 hra in
order to remove the a , and was then cooled, iso-
latOd from air, and weighed into the apparatus. The latter
is suitable for thb purpose of plotting both isotherms and -
equilibrium curves.
Carbon dioxide applied in the measurements was produced
from dry ice, and had a purity of 98-99 per cent. Acetylene
of an average purity of 95?96 per cent was taken from a flank.
axat ted
Carbon dioxide was nag, Mine in an Orsat apparatus by
absorption in KOH of 33 per cent. Acetylene * analysis was
also carried out in an Orsat apparatus, with basicmercuro-
cyanide solution as absorption liquid. Pnalysis of carbon-
dioxide - acetylene mi tureacannot be effected in an Orsat
apparatus with aoouracy, as clap acetylene is absorbed in the
Yotc3, hftw ti'4 rice ss1t4io
b trtd~ Carbon dioxide was therefore determined as-
~tr~te
parately in Part 9,f the s&Ml by means of sod* G Is
#in o 'her
where no acetylene is retained at all, and from
at the sftple the total quantity o carbon dioxide + 4
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4 ucntylon^ ~a? ?, in ' n Ors- t t pparatus.
p.+.irwi \ 11'6
lfl-ttirtr thn I?^"'n
10 it of the 'irlel ani cooled activated carbon is
weiphr,l into th^ adsorber ant the ultrathermostat is connected.
By ,onns of rho ultrathermostot, the temperature of the ae-
tiv,,teA carbon is ni,intainAl con tant during the experiments
? 0
with an accuracy of ; 00~' - 005 C. Acetylene or carbon dioxide
+"'?~41 ?`i l c+-pacit~, and the
is then we4ghe& into buret /1/ of 100 m
volume is recorded. The apparatus is operated at Constant'
atmospheric, pressure and the individual points of the'iao-
k.P aS u re r_
therm rare obtained by mixinr the gas we4ghed in with hydrogen
in different proportions, end the hydrogen - acetylene, or
hydrogen -?carbon dioxide mixture is then passed through the
adsorber. Hydrogen adsorption being negligible, it does not
cause considerable inaceurday when plotting the isotherm.
Before starting the gas flow, the adsorber is evacuated
with a vacuum pump by setting the three way cook, in order to
ii#itb" the adsorbed at?. At the same time the apparatus is
controlled for leakages. If the apparatus i.,iVervioua to
gas, the vacuum puma does not deliver air VOQ'W evaouatit-g the
adsorbed air.
The dead space of the apparatus must be known for the
purpose of calculating the adsorbed gas volumes. Determination
of the dead space is carried out by means of hydrogen gas
4yQq,SuYed
which has been weighed into buret /2/. After evacuating the
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f
of tae ? - ar'. ';? a?' VP metho1 ;oes not excee' 3-5 per
roll, . , , pnPIA ; oa , ,w.,~tities. even in the rise range of
smu11 - rt' 1 frA9surAr,.
I
?tvan by t!?,r? leoreaee of
of .,.;~ 1,3a, s am 1s . re^ r. 1 7
r.3r::on ' 1 ^At, the air3^be1 :.iroten ;nantities
'r o, ,,^;?1!,:1 1A. `~ 1 rFAS' iovlatto1 to the 1etermination
'-etormtnat'on of t-1.'.v1jual points of the'isotherm is
Af! ec'.a 1 as un9^rlr
!ipon evar la+t1'1t' t'" .1 r from th^ alsorber, the oon-
nectton of vacuum pump is clo'' l any- the two burets
oponel towbr?'.s atsorbor. i3y lifting
the level vessel
of burnt /1/, i ar ?loal] traisforred into buret /2/,
an! retarne! In') burnt /1/ ag.in. This gas Transfer back-
war-in ?i'' : roreeu^9n I- eontinue'l as lon'? as the gas volume
in thA `1:trot Loos nit rot constant. According to experiments,
oftor 30 minutes, '.e. ?ppro tmatel7 10-15 transfer mania
rul? tiona, th'- A ,ut1ibrtum Ions not change perceptibly.
.cotylone, or carbon 1ioxije content of the remaining gas
is -;etAr'1inI't in p"r cAnt, ??ni knowing the barometer pressure
thA parti'l t rosauro o? thA gas can be ealculite4, which in
this caso represents elutlibrium pressure. Snowing the
iuantitios of both weithe'1 in teas Un.i remainder gas, the
adsorbet sea ;uNntitT mr7 bo calculbted taking into account
tnn leas spice, ani raiucei to normal pressure uni temper-
ature. Tha "iaxt point of the Isotherm is taken from an
soptyleno /carbon iioxiie/ - hydrogen mixture of different
composition.
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Tha iso hi-r'-1'l for acetylene and carbon dioxide token at
20?C ore shown on ?i3ur? 2.
lie1V4nuoat