CHINESE RIVER PORTS

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 61
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 26, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 9, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

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LIST OF INCLOSURES
Pig. I m Map of River Systems in Manchuria & North China
Fig. 2 - Rivers in Manchuria
3. Fig. 3- Waterfront at Tfung-chiang
4. Fig. 4 . Landing at Hei-ho
5. Fig. 5- Landing at Fu-chin
6. Fig. 6- The river port of Chia-ma-ssu
Fig. 7 - Wharf at Chia-mu-58U
9.
10.
11. Fig.13
Fig4,14
12. Fig.15
13. Fig.16
14. Fig.'?
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21
Fig. 8 -
Fig. 9 -
Fig.10
The coaling port of Lien-chiang-klou
Wharf at I-lan
Water levels of the Sung-hua-chiang at
Ha-erh-pin
Fig.11 - Depths of the Sung-hua-chiang at Ha-erh-pin
pi - Map of Ha-erh-pin
- The port of Ha-ertp-pin
- Aerial view of San-klo-shu on the
Sung-hua-chiang
? Sung-hua-Chiang Wharf at Ha-erh-Pin
- A busy wharf at Ha-erh-Pin
- Longshoremen unloading a river boat
Ha-erh-pin
Aerial view of waterfront at Ha-erh-pin
Landing on the Nen-chiang at Chli-ch,i-ha-erh
Reloading paiesas.at Lao-shao-kou Landing
Waterfront at Chilin
Map of An-tung
- Aerial photo of An-tung
Fig.18 -
Fig.19 -
Fig020 -
Fig.21 -
Fig022
Fig.23
Fig.24
at
Fig.25 -
Fig.26
Fig 27 -
? Fig,28 -
Fig.29
Map of Ying-Wou
Ying-k'ou Port on the Liao-ho
Ying-Wou Port
Wharf at Ying-Wou
Wharf of South Manchuria Railway at Ying-Wou
Ying-Wou Port with railroad
.4 diagram
- photo
- graph
11
- photo
- photo
so
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INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
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22. Fig. 30 Yingooklou (Niu-ohuang)
23. Fig. 31 Nap of Men-chin
24. Fig. 32 - Tlien-chin
pie. 33 Tlienupohin with drawbridge across the Hai-ho
,
,
25. Pio. 34,0 Titenrohin) British Concession
Fig. 35 1. Hai-h0 Harbor at Tlienpoohin
26. Fig. 36 ow Hai-ho drawbridge at 'Men-chin
27. Fig. 37 Plan of Ta-ku and Tlang-ku
28. Fig. 38 - Aerial photo of T'ang-ku
29. Fig. 39 - Tiang-ku Hsin-kang shiplock - photo
30. Fig. 40 4. Dredging at Tlang-ku Hsin-kang (New Port)
31. Fig. 41 - Wharf No. 1 at T'ang-ku Hsin-kang
Fig. 42 - An automatic coal loader at Wharf No, 2 in
Tlang-ku
32. Fig. 43 - Shipbuilding and repair yard at Tiang-ku
Hsin-kang
33. Fig. 44 - Sketch plan of the Yung-ting-ho Diversion
Project - drawing
34, Fig, 45 - Landing at Pao-t'ou - photo
35. Fig. 46 - Sketch plan of Huang-ho Development Program - drawing
map
photo
It
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tobo
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CHINESE RIVER PORTS
The Ira ortance of Water Trans out in China
(Introduction)
China has 10,000 km of coastal shipping lines and over 100,000, km of
inland waterways, most of which are navigable the year round. Along
most of these rivers the population is dense and production abundant.
(40, No. 30050 1956, p. 7)
Inland waterways in China have a combined length of more than
320,000 km, of which 100,000 km are navigable, including about
30,000 km for steam vessels. The most important waterways beginning
at the north are the Hei-lung-chiang (Amur) and Sung-hua-chiang
rungari), the Hai-ho (Hai River), Huang-ho (Yellow River), Huai-ho
Huai River), Chlang-chiang (Yang-tzu), the Ta-yun-ho (Grand Canal),
Tung-tling-hu (Tung-t'ing Lake), Po-yang-hu (Po-yang Lake), and the
Yueh-chiang (Yueh River) system including Hsi$.1ohiang (West River) and
Chu-chiang (Pearl River). (30, No. 7? 1956, p. 29) The southwest has
a lack of navigable rivers, (37)
Most of China's rivers have abundant water and deep channels and do not
freeze the year round, except rivers in the northern regions and parts
of the central regions. (30, No. 7, 1956, p. 29) Marked changes of
depth in the rainy and dry seasons, however, do affect shipping.
(6, p. 85) Such seasonal changes of level run from 12 to 38 ft at
ports along the lower Chlang-chiang and are one reason why Chinese
river ports seldom have permanent wharves, but use pontoon landings
Instead, Stone river embankments are cut with long flights of steps
in order to reach moored vessels at low water. (22)
The combined length of major inland steamer routes in China is
15,000 km, on which operate 2,618 power-driven ships with a total
tonnage of 1,017,243. Routes and ports are maintained by 90 service
steamers /probably including dredges and salvage vessels,/ totaling
19,849 tons.(20 ppo chi* 310 32) A later Chinese source gives
30,000 km as the total length of inland steamer routes, (29)
The ratio of freight carried by the chief mechanical means of transpor-
tation in China is shown in the table below. It does not give the
total picture, however, since it excludes transportation by junks,
carts and coolies, (5, D. 73)
195'T fplan)
Rail 93.2 86.5 84.0 81.4 80.5
River* 3.9 502 7.1 8.6 10.3
Marine* 2.0 7.3 7.3 8.1 7.1
Highway** 0,9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.1
*Excluding freight carried by junks
**Excluding freight carried by carts and coolies
*Chi is a Chinese alphabetical section of the book,
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(CLASSIFICATION)
10-66570-1 ?tr U. I GOVVINMENT PRIMING wrivoct
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The volume of freight moved by inland waterways, exclualub spAmm
port, should rise 321.5% under the first Five-year Plan and roach
36,864,000 t by 1957,, or 15,292,000,000 t/km. Passenger traffic is
planned to rise 93.8% and total 56,040,000 persons; the goal is
3,4080000,000 passenger/kilometers, a rise of 78.7%. The volume of
freight carried almost trebled in the first 3 years of the first Five-
year Plan, 1953-55. (5, p. 83)
The combined length of major inland junk routes in China Is, 60,000 km,
double that af steamer and barge routes. (2, pp. chi 31, 32) Accord
ing to incomplete statistics, China's junks numbered over 294,000 in
1954 with a combined capacity of over 3,100,000 t. In 1954 junks
carried 85% of all local freight on inland waterways, or about 70% of
that year's total freight turnover. (29)
In East China, comprising Shan-tung, Chiang-sus Che.chiang, Fu-chien
and An-hui Provinces, all types of transportation routes total over
40,000 km, averaging 5.7 km per 100 sq km of land area. Waterways in
this region average 2.8 km per 100 sq km, highways 2.3 km and railroad
0.6 km. These figures considerably exceed the average for each type
of transportation in China as a whole. (6, pp. )4, 246) East China's
inland waterways total 19,200 km even without including certain routes
for which data is not available, and carry more freigkt than either
railroads or highways. (62 ppo 246, 247) .
Freight moved on China's rivers increased from 4,504,000 t in 1950 to
28,0500000 t in 1955. In 1954 some 20,476,000 t were moved, of which
8,6340000 or 42% moved on two rivers, the Chlang-chiang and
Sung-hua-chiang. The freight turnover by inland waterway rose from
1,677,000,000 t/km in 1950 to 10,800,0000000 t/km in 1955. By 1954 it
totaled 7,891,000,000 t/km, of which 5,505,000,000 t/km or 69% was
handled on the same two river systems. (51 p. 8)4) In 1952 private
steamers carried 31.2% of the total freight volume for powered vessels
In 1954 nationalized corporations carried 69% of the total freight by
sea and river while joint state-private organizations handled 22.2% an
private carriers 8.8%. By 1956 more than 130 private steamship lines
had been reorganized into joint state-private corporations.
(300 No. 7, 1956, p. 29)
Part I
RIVER SYSTEMS IN MANCHURIA AND NORTH CHINA
Northeast China (Manchuria) has six major river systems:
Hei-lung-chiang
Sung-hua-chiang
T'u-men-chiang
Ya-lu-chiang
Liao-ho
Ta-ling-ho
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Generally speaking, South Manchuria comprises the basi54 of the Liao-ho,
Ya-lu-chiang and Ta-ling-ho, while North Manchuria inOludels those of
the Hei-lung-chiang and Sung-hua-chiang, the Wu-su-11-ho fUssuri River)
and Nen-ohiang (Nonni River). (23, pp. )4.5) Figs. 1 & 2
1. The Hei-lung-chiang is 4,500 km long (10, p. 282) and forms a long
stretch of the Sino-Soviet border* It drains a large area with its
!principal southern tributaries the 0-erh-ku-na-ho (Argun River),
Sung-hua-chiang with Nen-chiang, and the Wu-su-1i-ho, and event-
ually falls into the Okhotsk Sea, (7, p* 104) The Hei-ling-chi
is navigable for steamers from its mouth to Mo-ho (53 28N 122 17E
Hei-lung-chaing Prov., a distance of 3,000 km. This course is
divided into three sections: 1. the upper reaches from Mo-ho to
Hei-ho (50 16N 127 28E), Hei-lung-chiang Prov., plied in the
summer by vessels drawing 1 m; 2, the middle section from Hei-ho
to Fu-yuan (48 21N 134 18E), Hei-lung-chiang Prov., at the mouth
of the Wu-su-li-ho, navigable for vessels of 2-m draft. 3. The
lower reaches are on USSR territory. (10, p. 282) An official
Chinese source of 1950 gives Mo-ho as the first upper transshipment
point on the Hei-lung-chiang, and the distance from there to the
last transshipment point Fu-yuan at the mouth of the Wu-su'1i'ho
as 2,381 km. This then is the navigable length for steam vessels
in Chinese territory? (2, p. chi 32) The navigation season lasts
only 5 months on the Hei-lung-chiang. (104 pm 282)
Fu-yuan (48 21N, 134 18E), Hei-lung-chiang Prov? is at the conflu-
ence of the Hei-lung-chl and Wu-su-li-ho, (10, p. 259)
Small steamers can operate up to Hu-lin (45 58N 133 38E),
Chi-lin Provo, on the Wu-su-1i-ho. Junks go up farther to
Lake Hsing-klai or Khanka (Hanka). The navigation season
lasts 5 to 6 months, but water traffic is not very active be-
cause the region is very sparsely settled, (10, p. 282)
Hu-lin, (other names: Nu-tiou? Tawrita-ktou\or I-man*) derives
its name' from HU-li-kai-ohiang? an old Chinese name for the
Wu-su-1i-ho. It is a county seat with little industry.
(7, p* 222)
Ttung-chiang (47 40N 132 30E), Hei-lung.ohiang, Prove, at the
confluence of Hei-lung-chiang and Sung-huo-oblong, is an important
junction of water traffic between China and the Soviet Union.
(100 p. 290) (Fig. 3)
Fo-shan (48 38N 130 30E), and Wu-yun (49 17N 129 40E),
Hei-lung-chiang Prov.? are small ports below and above a narrow
gorge between mountains close to both banks of the Hei-lung-chianK,
(10, p. 259)
Iniiked as an alternate name for Hu-lin on WAC 282, but not found in
other available sources.
/1.0.0.10.11MMINIMINOM.O.161?10, 1111?011011?6101001111?110....
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Ai-hun or Sa-ha-liang (49 59N 127 28E), Hei-lung-ohlang Provo, is
a small port Lio km below Hei-ho on the southern bank of the
Hei-lung-chiang, and has a population of about 400000. (10, p. 291)
Lumber is floated here from the Hsiao Vaesser) Haing-an Mts. to be
shipped to other regions. (10, p. 268
Hei-ho, Hei-ho-tlun or Ta-hei-ho, opposite the Soviet city of
Blagoveshchensk (7, p. 26), is expanding rapidly as a transshipment
center for Sino-Soviet trade. (10, p. 291) New wharves have been
built since 1949. (30, p. 31) A Chinese railroad runs up from
Pei-an, and the Soviet port across the river is connected with the
Trans-Siberian Railroad by a branch line. (1, Map 26) Chief ex-
ports are soy beans, oil, oil cake, peanuts, and pig iron.
(10, p. 278) Lumber from the Hslao (Lesser) Hsing-an Mts., which
have one fourth of the forests in Northeast China, is sent to
Hei;o.ho for shipment. (100 p. 268) Imports are mostly cotton
fabrics and consumer goods. (10, pp. 277-278) (Fig. 4)
According to a 1948 source, Hei-ho has a small ship-repair yard.
(130 p. 229) and recently became the administrative center of
Ai-hun County. (10, p. 291)
The 0-erh-ku-na-ho, tributary to the Hei-lung-chiang, is the
only river navigable for steamers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region. (7, p. 28)
2. The Sung-hua-chiang is particularly important, because it traverses
the North Manchurian Plain, a region densely populated, economicall
developed, and crossed by trunk railroads, (13, p. 155) It
carries the second highest volume of freight of all Chinese rivers.
(50 p. 84) The navigation season lasts only about 6 months, since
the river is usually frozen over from the beginning of November to
the middle of April, offering a good sledge track in\t.he winter.
(10, p. 282)
The Sung.hua-'Chiafl is 1,870 km long (7, p. 105), 565 km from the
source to Chi-lin 43 51N 126 33E), Chi-lin Prov., 640 km from
Chi-lin to Ha-erh-pin or Harbin (45 45N 126 39E), Chi-lin Provo, .
(30, p. 31), and 696 km from Ha-erh-pin to its mouth. (2,p. chi :;2)
Another source gives the total length of the river as over 2,000 km
some 700 km of which are through lowlands between Chi-lin and
Ha-erh-pin. Here the river, with sandy, gravel or clay banks and
bottom, frequently changes its thalweg (120 p. 230), most markedly
at the highest water level during the summer, which is the rainy
season here. At this time the river, ordinarily a few hundred
meters wide, floods to a width of many kilometers. The differeqee
between highwater and the normal water level varies from 4 .tip
current velocity is frolir006 to 1.2 m/sec. The river is mostly
shallow; shoals and the above-mentioned Changes in the thalweg
complicate navigation. (12, p. 231)
INMSOMMS11111111.1.101.101Millonno.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
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The Sung-hua-chiang is navigable for steamers from its mouth to
Chi-lin, almost 1,300 km, and junks travel 250 km above that point,.
1 13, p. 159 Another source &Wes the navigable length as 1,400 1614
10, p. 282 During the entire navigation season in wet years, and
or three quarters thereof in dry years, the Sung-hua-chiang is
navigable above the mouth of the Nen-chiang to Chi-lin for steamers
drawing '4 and even 5 feet. (25, p. 384) Another source states
that at high and medium water steamers drawing up to 60 cm go up to
Chi-lin, the terminus of regular navigation. (12, p. 231) In
years of exceptionally low water only steamers drawing 2 1/2 ft can
operate for a short period. (25, p? 38)4)
The most important navigable tributaries of the Sung-hua-chiang are
the Nen-chiang, navigable for steamers up to Chli-ch'i-ha-erh
(47 22N 123 57E) and the Hu-lan-ho (130 p. 156), navigable up to
Hu-lan (45 59N 126 369, both in Hei-lung-chiang Province.
(13, p. 156; 25, p. 384
Shipping routes of the entire Sung-hua-chiang system total over
2,900 km, of which 1,800 km are navigable for steamers. This is
over 60% of all inland waterways in Northeast China, excluding the
border rivers Hei-lung-chiang, Wu-su-1i.ho and 0-erh-ku-na-ho.
(13, p. 156)
All steam shipping on the Sung-hua-chiang has been nationalized.
(30, P. 31)
In the summer the Sung-hua-chiangand Nen-chiang are the main
transportation arteries in the North Manchurian plain. Small
steamers ply the SUng-hua-chiang between Chi-lin and T'ao-lai-chao*
(44 51N 125 54E), Chi-lin Province. Navigation is complicated
from that port down to Fu-yu (45 11N 12)4 49E) in Chi-lin Province
because the I-tlung-ho and Yin-ma-ho join the river here, silt up
its bed and cause frequent changes in its channel. This section
has no vital importance for shipping. (10, p. 282)
After its confluence with the Nen-chiang below Fu-yu, the
Sung-hua-chiang is a large river (10, Po 282) over 1,000 in wide
with depths varying from 6 to 12 in. (10, p. 259) The section
below Ha-erh-pin is navigable for vessels of 300-t displacement
and river traffic is lively here. (10, p. 282) According to
another source, this stretch is navigable for vessels of 500-t dis-
placement. (16, p. 228) The Sung-hua-chiang fleet owned by the
North Manchuria River Transportation Bureau in 1942 operated 113
steamers, 130 lighters and 67 sailing junks ranging from 700 to
1,000 tons. Steamers on North Manchurian rivers are driven by
paddle wheels at the sides of' stern and are fueled with Ho-kang
coal or local wood. (24, p. 29)
Shoals at I-lan or San-hsing (46 19N 129 34E), Chi-lin Prov.,
complicate navigation between Ha-erh-pin and the river's mouth.
At highwaters ships of 2,000 to 3,0004 dipplacement may sail the .
Sung-hua-chiang between Chia-mu-ssu (46 50ii 130 21E),
Hei-lung-chiang Prov., and the sea. (30, p. 31)
*See footnote on the port of Sung-hua chiang? p. 13.
????????1141.001.11?MINIMMIMEMONIMMINIM111.1??????MIMMOMMINMNIM .0.11??????011. elOIRMOVNIWOMII
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE Ad, 50%, S.
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31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
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INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
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!
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Tlung-chiang, see above under Hei-lung-chiang. .
_
Fu-chin (47 1614 132 01E), Hei-lung-chiang Prove, lies NE of
Chia-mu-55u on the south bank of the Sung-hua-chiang and has recen14
ly become a shipping center for agricultural products from the
lower region on that river, to which there is a growing influx of
settlers (19, p. 290) (Fig. 5) New wharves were built at Fu-ohin
since J.49-? (300 p. 31)
Chia-mu-ssu on the south bank of the Sung-hua-chiang, 451 km below
Ha-erh-pin, is the largest city on its lower reaches (13,. 224)
.m
and the largest grain port on the entire river (15, p. 589); it
used to have 20 large grain firms (25, p. 385). It is an portant
transshipment center because five railroad lines converge here
(7, po 220; 41, 14 Aug 56, quoted source), from Sui-hua on the
W, Mu-tan-chiang (4)4 35N 129 36E), Hei-lung-chiang Prov., on the
SI from Fu-chin on the NE (41, 1)4 Aug 64), and the *short lines to
large coal mines at Ho-kang (Hao-li) (47 05N 130 20E), and
Shuang-yai-shan (46 37N 131 36E1 all in Hei-lung-ohiang Province
(7, p. 220; 16, pe 228). The latter line runs 50 miles east from
Chia-mu-88U to the Shuang-ya-shan coal mines, which have been
rapidly developed since the end of World War II, but were known as
Chien-shan until 1954. (16, p, 228)
Part of Chia-mu-ssuls significance is due to the port across the
river, Lien-chiang-klou (46 52N 130 18E), Hei-lung-chiang Provo,
whence coal from the Ho-kang Mines is shipped to fuel Ha-erh-pin
and the entire Sung-hua-chiang fleet. (13, pp. 223-224) New
wharves were built at both Chia-mu-ssu and Lien-chiang-klou since
1949. (30, p. 31)
Before the Japanese occupationoChia-mu-ssu shipped 130,000 tons a
year, chiefly soy beans, (13, Po 224) Its chief trade is grain
(15)0 which, together with.other agricultural and native product
is transshipped here by rail to large cities in the south and for
export. Coal and industrial products brought by rail are also
transshipped here to river craft for distribution to the rural
regions along the Sung-hua-chianG, according to a quoted source.
(41, 14 Aug 56)
Besides being the largest grain port on the entire river,
Chia-mu-ssu is also the chief industrial center on the lower
Sung-hua-chiang, with two flour mills, fur oil mills, a brickyard,
tannery, sawmills and an electric power plant. Its population grew
from 20,000 in 1931 to 1200 000 in 1945. (13, p. 224) A 1953
source gives the population as 160,000 (10,p. 290), whereas a 1955
source gives it as 90,000. (7, p. 30)
Although on the bank of
floods? Even the great
I-lan 80 km upriver was
the Sung-hua-chiang, the city is free from
flood in 1932 did not touch it, while
inundated. (39)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH IN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.--
41111NPNIMINOMMINIONIIIMINIMMOUNINNW
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES. EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
t
f). 11 1.6 11
01- ' o ?
(CCAI6IFIEATION)
10-55670-1 * U. B. 40VEIINMENT PRINTIN0 01,1,1Cd
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STAT
The 11101bia-mumesu Joint Railway and Shipping Administration was
organized in 1956 under a joint order by The Ministry of Railways
and the Ministry of Communications, which had sent a deputation to
investigate serious delays 'and damage to freight transshipped here.
The railway appointed several of its higher officials at the
Chia-mu-ssu Station to the new agency, other organizations did
likewise, and the various grain and food interests were represented*
Rules were set up on handling cargos a joint agency was put on duty
at the wharves to supervise transshipment. These measures raised
efficiency; in Junes for instance, unloading and reloading time of
railroad cars was.Dreduced 23.6% and that of steamers 14.8%0
(410 14 Aug 56)
I-lan or San-hsing at the mouth of the Mu-tan-chiang on the
Sung-hua-chiang is an old grain shipping center and the commercial
and tyansportation link between the Sung-hua-chiang region and the
densely populated Mu-tan-chiang basin. (7, p. 220; 15) It is one
of the best equipped ports on the Sung-hua-chiang and handles all
freight coming down the Mu-tan-chiang by junk from Ning-ku-tta or
Ning-an (44 23N 129 26E), Chi-lin Province* Before the Zapanese
occupied I-lan, it was a more active port than Chia-mu-ssuj bgt has
lost out to the latter since railroads were built. (13, p* 225)
(Fig. 9) A 1948 source gives the poi:14144)n of I-lan as over
30,000 (130 p. 225); a 1953 source .sets it "close to 200000"
(100 p. 290)
The port of Mu-tan-chiang (44 35N 129 36E), Hei-lung-chiang
,Prov., is where the railroad from Ha-erh-pin to Vladivostok
:---crosses the Mu-tan-chiang. During the occupation the Japanese
built the Ttu-men/Chia-mu-ssu Railroad through this city, whi
then became a military center with several Japanese war
industries. The city's population rose from 35,000 in 1931 to
179,000 by 1940 and 214,000 by the beginning of 1945. The
city was seriously damaged by military action in the summer of
1945. (13, p* 215, 216) Much of its growth in the last 25
years is due to expanding freight turnover and transfer to
rail of timber and agricultural products floated down the
river from Ning-an (44 23N 129 26E) in Hei-lung-chiang
Province* (7, pp. 194-195)
Ning-an or Ning-ku-tta is on the left bank of the middle
Mu-tan-chiang 29 km south of the crossing of the railroad
which runs east from Ha-erh-pin. It is an ancient city with
over 400000 population. (13, p. 215)
The Hu-lan-ho, a northern tributary of the Sung-hua-chiang, is
navigable only for shallow-draft steamers as far as the city
of Hu-lan (45 59N 126 36E), Hei-lung-chiang Prove, a distance
of approximately l0 miles* (25, p. 384)
Hu-lan is the trade center of the Hu-lan-ho basin, through
which agricultural products are shipped south to Ha-erh-pin
and north to Hai-lun (47 27N 126 56E), Hei-lung-chiang Prove)
the granary of northern Manchuria. Situated where the
Ha-erh-pin/Pei-an Railroad crosses the Hu-lan-hos Hu-lan has
great possibilities for future development. (10s p. 289)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR Or
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
14,
5 L, ' 3 o, ?,'
(CLASSIFICATION) 16?g6570-1 * U 0, ciovrliMMENT PRINTING QPiAr.t;
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STAT
?
Ha-erh-pin (45 45N 126 39E), Chi-lin Provo, lies on the south bank
of1,:the Sung-hua-chiang (100 po 289), 696 km from its mouth.
(21 Po chi 32). During low water in November and December the
river at Ha-erh-pin disoharges barely 1/10 its annual average and
only 05 the average highwater discharge in August. The table
appended shows the relation between river levels and precipitation
at Ha-erh-pin. (7, pp. 106, 107) (Fig. 10)
The main channel of the Sung-hua-chiang, originally ran far from th
city's wharves, but was corrected by the construction of a dike on
the opposite shore and a dredged channel along the wharves.
(25, p. 384) In 1939 a huge levee was built to protect the city
against floods. (21) These regulatory works were completed in
1942. (24, p. 24 ) (Fig? 11)
Ha-erh-pin is the largest of the 31 ports on the Sung-hua-chiang
(13, p: 156) and also the most important transshipment center in
the Manchurian plain, with five railroads converging at its water-
front? (7, p. 215; 1, Map 50) These railroads run north to Pei-an
Hei-lung-chiang Prove, northwest to Man-chou-li, Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, southwest to Chlang-ch'un? Chi-lin Prove, south
to La-fa, Chi-lin Provo, and southeast to Sui-fen-ho,
Hei-lung-chiang Province? (1, Map 50) Ha-erh-pin has the best
equipped railroad junction in North Manchuria, with vast warehouses
and auxiliary installiations. (13, pp. 197, 198) (Fig. 12)
The largest shipping installation at Ha-erh-pin is Export Port, als
called Bridge Section or Eight Railway Section*, due to its locatio
at the railroad bridge across the Sung-hua-chiang. This shipping
sectionlied between the Chinese section of Fu-chia-tien on the
east and Tao-li (Landing) on the west. (13, p. 198; 21, p. 30)
Export 'port has 1,420 in of mooring frontage, 15 berths, 11 storage
installations of 2,200-t total capacity, 1 timber wharf and 2
wharves for coal and firewood. Railroad sidings to all wharves
facilitate the transshigment of grain from river to rail and the
handling of raw materials for local industries and their products.
Most of the city's oil mills, six large flour mills, a brewery and
many small enterprises are located in Sxport Port. (13, p. 198)
Neighboring Fu-chia-tien is so densely settled that railroad sidings
could hardly be laid here (13, p. 201)0 but its waterfront is lined
with wharves (21, po 30), including one for passengers. (13, p. 198)
San-klo-shu, much smaller than Export Port, is a third shipping
section of the city. (13, p. 198) New wharves were built at
Ha-erh-pin since 19490 (30, p. 31) Tao-li Section is commercial
rather than industrial, with large ei;ores, offices and banks, one
oil mill and four flour mills. (13, p. 198)
111755gEaTerlig5 'shows Fou-tiou-chlu in Chinese characters.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 ll S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR 01,
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
''';? 1. ,
-..-----_-..... .4.......?????????????10*.?
(CLASSIFICATION)
10-5t,70.1 .6 U S GOVERNMtNT Jtfl4TiI ()MCC
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_ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
The Zaton (Russ. for "back-water", "Cove") on the opposite bank
serves as a wintering harbor for vessels. Here are the steamship
administration and ship repair yards, (13, p. 202) (Figsc. 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18)
0
Hao-erh-pin has shipbuilding and repair yards, and the largest rail-
road works of the Chinese Ch'ang-chlun Railroad (13, 1)0 200), which
occupy a large block on the western outskirts of Tao-11. (13,p.201)
A shipyard founded by the Chinese Eastern Railway, but neglected
after the flood of 1932, built 10 fast steamers immediately after
its reconstruction in 1942 by the North Manchuria River Transporta-
tion Bureau. This government bureau also operated repair shops
employing 800 to 1,200 workers in the early months of the year when
vessels are laid up. (24, p. 29)
Some 15 small foundries and machine shops are connected with the
above enterprises. One of the city's electric power plants
originally belonged to the above railroad works. (13, p. 200)
Ha-erh-pin's trade extends far beyond the boundaries of Manchuria
into Mongolia, Siberia and Europe. (10, p. 289) Main exports are
soy beans, oil cake and bean oil; wheat, flour and other grains
rank second. (13, p. 197) In 1931 over 1,100,000 t of freight,
Licluding 50% to 60% grain, were ,shipped to Herh-pin chiefly to
be transshipped by rail. Between 200,000 and 300,000 t of coal
came here from the Ho-kang or Hao-li-kang Mines, north of
Chia-mu-ssu, and large stocks of firewood from down river. Some
80% to 90% of all freight moved on the Sung-hua-chiang was shipped
through Ha-erh-pin, (13, p. 198)
In 1953 the city's population was recorded as 800,000 (10, p. 289)0
in 1956 as 1,200,000. (16, p. 228)
Chao-yuan or Chao-chou (45 30N 125 08E), Hei-lung-chiang Prey., is
a grain landing on the river and ,county seat, 120 miles from
Ha-erh-pin. It handles its grain trade through Fu-yu. (25, p.384)
San-chia-kiou* (appr. 45N 125E), on the border of Chi-lin and
Hei-lung-chiang Provinces, is at the mouth of the Nen-chiang into
25, p. 384)
the Sung-hua-chiang (1, Map 25), 20 miles NW of Fu-yu.(10, p. 259;
,/ he Nen-chiang flows into the middle Sung-hua-chiang from the
Qrtil. (7, p. 205) Its channel is 470 m wide, and after it
-
? *tare the plain at Chli-ch'i-ha-erh, it has low banks, a sand
,
., ,Alid gravel bottom 1.2,, p.. 241 and branches into numerous arms
/ /between islands. 12, p. 246 It usually freezes 14i
' 27 November, It is navigable up to Nen-chiang or Nen-ch'eng
(49 11N 125 13E), Hei-lung-chiang Province. (7, p. 205)
At Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh (47 22N 123 57E), Hei-lung-chlang Pray.,
,shal1ow7draft sailing junks of 100-t capacity can operate.
(12, p. 248) .Acpording'to a 1953 source, small steamers also
go up to Chli-chti-ha-eibh (10, p. 289), and below that city
the river is even navigable for the large steamers of the
Sung-hua-chiang. (7, p. 205)
IWER5-TITT:TUFcation".
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
(CLASSIFIC.ATION)
I. SOVECHNIttet PIRINTINO ?MCI
STATS
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lp ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Ta- lai (42 30N 124 18E), Hei?-lung-chiang,Prov., is 185 miles
from Ha-erh-pin on the Nen-chiang, the commercial and
administrative center of the district. It carries on grain
trade principally through Blualu (25, p. 384), with which it
is connected by theChisOlgishlune/Pai-chleng Railroad
(1, Map 25).
Chli-ch'i-ha-erh or Lung-chiang*, capital of Hei-lung-chiang
Prov. (10, p. 289), lies 4 km east of the Nen-chiang
(13, p. 204) on the left bank of the Hu-lu-tiou, an arm of
Nen-chiang. It is the chief railroad and highway junction in
northwestern Manchuria and water transportation played its
part in the city's development. (12, pp. 2)46-248)
Chli-chli-ha-erh has long been the largest commercial center
for Agricultural products in the western part of the
Sung-hua-chiang basin and Was 'also a center for cattle driven
down from Mongolian regions, such as the Barf4a area.. '
(13, p. 204) The city has an area of about 67 sq km, only
part of which is built up. (12, p. 246) Its population was
150,000 in 1945 (134 p. 204), but a 1955 source gives
120,000. (7, p. 30) (Fig. 19)
Nen-chiang, formerly Mo-erh-ken or Mergen, is a county seat
in Hei-lung-chiang Province and the head of navigation for
junks above Chli-ch'i-ha-erh. (7, p. 205; 10, p. 289)
Fu-yu, Po-tun or Po-tu-na, Hei-lung-ohiang Prov,, is a river port
on the Sung-hua-chiang only 20 miles above the mouth of the
Nen-chiang and 175 miles from Ha-erh-pin. (25, p. 384) Agri-
cultural products from this region converge here for shipment
(10, 290), also goods for distribution at this large commercial
center, which is at the junction of overland:routes to Chiang-eh'
(25, p. 384) and on the Chvang-ch'un/Pai-ch'eng Railroad (1, Map 2
The city has 50,000 population. (10, p. 290)
Sung-hua-chiang** or Lao-shao-kou (44 43N 125 51E), Chi-lin Prov.
is a transshipment point on the Sung-hua-chiang and the railroad
between Ha-erh-pin and Ch'ang-ch'un. Freight arriving by junks
and steamers is transferred here to rail. (25, p. 384) (Fig. 20)
*ea of Chinese Place Names, Wash., D.C., 19441 p. 20, also
WAC 283 and Geografiya Novogo Kitaya? Moskva, 1953, p. 2890 give
Lung-chiang as an alternate name for Chli-ch'i-ha-erh. The Provincial
Atlas of the Chinese People's Republic, Shang-hai, 1953, Map 26, how-
ever, gives Lung-chiang as the alternate name of Fu-la-erh-chi, where
the railroad from Ha-erh-pin to Man-chou-li crosses the Nen-chiang.
**Marked on the Provincial Atlas of the Chinese People's Republic,
Shanghai, 1953, Map 25, on the Chinese Chlang-ch'un Railroad, a short
distance south of the Sung-hua-chiang River. Stao-lai-chao is on the
same Railroad, about 10 miles north of the river. (See p. 13) Only
T'ao-lai-chao is marked on WAC 283.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, SO U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(CLASSIFICATION)
10-156870-1 * se, Y. GOVERNMENT PR/NTING WICK
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Chi-lin, Kirin or Yung-chi, capital of Chi-lin Province, is on the
left bank of the Sung-hua-chiang at the point where it enters the
plain from the uplands of East Manchuria.? Chi-lin is the head of
steam navigation on the Sung-hua-chiang (10, 289; 13, p. 214) and
the junction of the Shen-yang/Chi-lin and Tlu-men/Chlang-chlun
Railroads. (10, p. 290) It ships timber from the upper
Sung-hua-chiang to southern woodless regions in Manchuria. There
is a large junk and boat-building industry at Chi-lin, (13k I). 214)
The population of the city is about 230,000. (10, p. 290) Some
20 miles SE of Chi-lin is the Hsiao-feng-man Hydroelectric Power
Plant, second largest in Manchuria. (10, p. 290) (Fig. 21)
Above Chi-lin the river is navigable only for rafts and small
junks. (13, p. 214)
Hua-tien (42 56N 126 42E), Chi-lin Prov., became a center for
large lumber ente:Trises under the Japanese occupation and for
cellulose as raw material for explosives. (10, p, 268)
3. The T'u-men-chiang, called Shih-i-shui in its upper course, arises
on the eastern slopes of the Chlang-pai-shan (10, p. 259) and
Pai-tiou-shan (7, pp. 177-178) and flows NE along the Chinese
border with Korea? (10, p, 259) Short tributaries Join it from
the north. (7, p. 104) It makes a large bend SE from the bordqr,
passes W of Hun-ch'un (42 52N 130 21E) and falls into the Japanese
Sea. (10, p. 259) This large river is 521 km long, but narrow
gorges and rapids leave only 100 km on its lower reaches navigable
for steamers (7, pp0 177-178), while junks sail far up. (7, p, 28)
Below Kenyong (co-ordinates unknown) the river is 200 to 400 m
wide, 2 to 305 m deep, and is used here for rafting timber.
(7, pp. 177-178) The .river freezes at the beginning of December.
(7, p. 106)
Hun-ch'un, Chi-lin Prey., is on the Hung-chli-ho near its conflu-
ence with the T'u-men-chiang. (1, Map 25) It is one of five
points handling China's trade with the USSR across the Manchurian
and Korean borders (10, p. 277-278), and has an active balance
exporting soy beans, oil and oil cake, peanuts, coal, pig iron,
while importing cotton fabrics and consumer goods. (10, p. 278)
During the Japanese occupation Hun-chlun was a fortified area to
protect T'u-men (42 58N 129 49E), and Yen-chi (42 53N 129 31E)
in Chi-lin Province (13, po 216), railroad junctions at the NW
corner of Korea (1, Map 25). A 1953 source gives the city's
population as 201000. (10, p. 290)
Tlu-men on the north bank of the T
the Chlang-chlun/T1u-men Railroad.
an important transportation center
the opposite bank, (10, po 290)
'u-men-chiang is the terminus of
The Korean town of Hoi-ning,
between China and Korea, is on
IIIM1111111010111M110010111111M~111
NOTE: THIS DOCUMEN r CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C,?.
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF. r
(CLASSIFICATION)
10_1,0567o-1 * u. s. GOVERNSItNT PUNTING OMER
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Yenowohi or Chu-tzu-chieh has trade with Korea in soy beans, oil and
oil cake, peanuts, coal, pig iron as main exports, cotton fabrics
and consumer goods as main imports. (10, pp. 277, 278) During
the Japanese occupation large companies were founded here to dress
lumber and make cellulose as raw material for explosives.
(10, p. 268)
The Ya-lu-chiang rises on the southern slopes of the
Chlang-pai-shan (Mts.) (10, p. 259) or Pai-tiou-shan (Mts.)
(7, p. 195) and is divided from the Tlu-men-ohiang by a mountain
range. (10, p. 259) It is 813 km long (7, pp, 105: 178), flows
southwest along the border between China and Korea, receives the
Hun-chiang, and falls into the Yellow Sea at Ta-tung-kou
(39 52N 124 08E), Liao-ning Province (10, p. 259). The
Ya-lu-chiang is swift; numerous shoals pile up at its mouth.
(10, pp. 282, 259) At An-tung (40 08N 124 24E), Liao-ning Prov.,
the river is usually frozen from December to March. December 7th
and March 16th are given as mean dates for the beginning and end
of this period. (13, p. 38)
The Ya-1u-chiang is navigable for steamers up to An-tung, a
distance of only 24 km. Up to Lin-chiang (41 44N 126 55E),
Liao-ning Prov., a distance of 258 km, it is navigable for junks
and small cutters, and almost its entire course is used for rafting
timber. Navigation has been improved through the large reservoir
and dam built for the Shui-feng Hydroelectric Power Plant, 80 km
above An-tung. (7, p. 178)
An-tung is open for shipping from the beginning of May to the end
of October. Seagoing vessels drawing up to 3 m enter the port
during high tide. (10, p. 290)
Served by railroadsdlrom Shen-yang, Fu-shun? Pen-ch'i (7, p. 195)
and Korea (16, p. 220), An-tung is a lively trade and transporta-
tion center. (7, p, 195) Grain is shipped here down the
Ya-lu-chiang, also timber from the East Manchurian uplands for the
city's sawmills and match factories. (7, pp. 195-196) This port
is the largest lumber shipping center for the Ya-lu-chiang and
Hun-chiang basins. (10, p* 268) The Shui-feng Hydroelectric
Power Plat provides An-tung with power for its expanding industry
(7, p* 196), which includes flour and soybean mills, besides its
old silk (pongee) industry. (16, p. 220) An-tung is one of the
largest oil mill centers in Northeast China (10, p. 277) and its
most important port for export of peanuts and peanut oil, next to
Ta-lien. (10, p. 264) The city has a population of 310,000.
(7, p. 30) (Figs. 22, 23)
The Japanese established shipbuilding and repair yards at An-tung:
mostly for small wooden ships, (13, p. 132)
Ch'ang-tien-ho-klou (40 25N 124 48E), Liao-ning Prey., has a
daily service by passenger-cargo vessel to An-tung. (41, 19 Mar 56
a quoted source)
NOTE: MIS DOCUMENr CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S.
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED By LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORGE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(CLASSIFICATION)
16_86570-1 * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING ONCE
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STAT
Lin-chiang (41 44N 126 55E), Liao-ning Prov., is an importint
metallurgical center on the Ya-1u-chiang (7, po 196) and the termi-
nus of a branch from the Mei-ho-k'ou/Chi-an Railroad at Xa-Sruan
(41 44N 126 12E), Liao-ning Provo (10, p* 280)
5. The Liao-ho, over 1,300 km long (12, p. 201) or 1,200 miles accord-
ing to another source (38) falls into the Liao-tun Gulf at
Xing-10?u (40 40N 122 17E), Liao-ning Province. It pushes its
estuary seaward, so that Xing-10?u is now over 16 km from the sea.
(10, p. 260)
The water level and width of the ship channel change with the
seasons; deeps frequently become shoals from one year to the next.
Mean depths of the ship channel in the lower and middle reaches are
1.3 in in the dry, and 3.5 m in the rainy season. (12, pp. 201, 202
203)
The navigation season lasts 7.5 to 8 months on the lower reaches of
the Lia-ho. Ice pans usually first appear toward the end of
November and continue for 8 to 12 days before the river freezes
over in the first part of December. The ice attains maximum thick-
ness of 70 to 90 cm in January; the river is usually free from ice
by the middle of April. (12, p. 203)
Above Shuang-yuan (43 30N 123 29E), Liao-ning Prov., the Liao-ho
is fordable. Below that city it becomes quite broad after re-
ceiving two large tributaries from the left, the Hsin-ho and
Tung-liao-ho0
The average width of the river between Liao-yuan and Trieh-ling
(42 18N 123 )49E), Liao-ning Prov., is 180 to 250 m, but 350 to
400 m in places. It flows between steep loess banks here and has
a silt bottom with depths of 1.5 to 200 m at low water? Current
velocity is 0.3 to 0.5 m/sec at Tlieh-ling. Near Chu-liu-ho
(42 03N 122 55E) and below Tfien-chuang-tlai (40 49N 122 06E),
Liao-ning Prov., the river flows between low banks protected almost
everywhere by dikes 3.5 to 4.0 in high? Maximum width on the lower
reaches is 205 km at high tide, observed at Ho-pei Station
(40 41N 122 12E) minimum width 450 m, observed above Ying-Wou.
The river's average width is 800 to 900 m. (120 pp. 200, 201, 203)
Navigation on the Liao-ho is complicated by many shoals in its
winding course and by a large sandbar at its mouth. Depths average
105 to 2.0 m at Tlien-chuang-t'ai and 4.5 to 5.0 m at Xing-klou at
low tide. Mean ebb tideAepthp1.,3 Shoals in the shallow Liao-tung
Gulf also complicate .1.6 approach from the sea. Tides reach 40 km
upstream from the estuary, with most of the shoals emerging at low
tide, forming groups of islands in places. (12, pp. 200-204)
Ying-k'ou, formerly Niu-chuang, lies in the estuary of the Liao-ho,
on its left bank. (100 p. 288) Two thirds to three fourths of the
Incoming freight comes from Chinese ports, although foreigh imports
have risen in the last few years. Ying-ktou has developed into a
distributing center for Chinese products in Manchuria. (12, p. 205;
Its main exports are soy beans, bgan oil, wine, and other
agricultural products. (10, p. 28)
1?1011010.1.011.0.11?111I
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF,
,
(CIASSIFICATioN)
IB-64670-1 * V. a, Govmetpa PRIIIT1144 writs
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
.
,.:,!, , . l , -Iv- vosbel:s.drawing Tinlo 32 km up the Liaorho (131 p.181) on the'
tide, but the marked difference between high and low tide compli-
cates loading and unloading at Ying-ktou Port considerably. .
(12, p. 204) During -- high water -- the tide may rise 4 to 5 us
.ad depths then are 12 to 1.3 m at,Ying-k!ou6 (12. p., 203) IOW i
4001,tp1e depth is 1.3 m. 02, P.,202) ,i,seepo,lo) ,
? , . . ,. t .,..
The entire waterfront forms a wharf at the typical river port oi
Ying-k'ou. (26, p, 216) Concrete embankments 5 to 6 m high line
the river here and serve as mooring berths for small vessels during
high tide. (12, p, 203) The most detailed information available
states that the wharves of the (former) South Manchurian Railway
(including West Wharf) have a combined length of 3,600 ft, a
freight handling capacity of 30,000 t, and can simultaneously berth
4 steamers of 2,000 to 3,000 t displacement. Tung-ying-Wou
Hai-kuan (East Ying-Wou Custom House Wharf) and Hsi-ying-klou
Ilai-kuan West Ying-klou Custom House Wharf are also mentioned.
(26, p. 216)
The Japanese had a small shipbuilding yard at Ying-klou (12, p.207),
chiefly for small wooden ships. (13, p. 132) (Figs. 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29)
Ying-kYou has two railroad connections. A branch of the Shen'-'yang/
0APei-ching Railroad at Kou-pang-tzu (41 22N 121 46E), Liaoning
Prov., terminates at Ho-pei on the right bank of the Liao-ho
opposite Ying-klou. (27; 12, p. 206; 10, p. 288) A branch of the
Chlang-chlun/Ta-lien Railroad at Ta-shih-ch'iao (40 38N 122 30E),
Liao-ning Prov., terminates at Ying-klou East Station on the left
bank of the Liao-ho at the eastern end of the new city. (26, p.214
12, p. 206; 10, p. 288) There is daily ferry service between the
two railroad stations, maintained by steamers plying between
Tung-ying-Wou Custom House Wharf and the wharf at Hopei Station.
(26, p. 211) (Fig. 30)
The city's main street runs along the river and is rather well
built. It is in the new section, which has mostly 2-story brick
buildings in the western style. (12, p, 207)
Some 8,000 river junks with a combined tonnage of 221,600 called
at Ying-Wou in 1930 (13, p. 181), but its river traffic has fallen
due to complicated navigation up the Liao-ho. (7, Po 218)
If the long-planned Sung-Liao Canal is built, agricultural products
from the entire Sung-hua-chiang basin can flow into Ying-k'ou.
This, and dredging the channel from the sea to 6-m depth, would
make the port an important terminus of Northeast China's waterway
system. (10, p, 288)
A 1953 source gives Ying-k'ou a population of 190,000 as recorded
in 1945 (14 ; a 1955 source gives 154,705 as recorded in 1946
(17, p. 300 ; a third source gives 150,000 popUlation in 1953.
(10, p. 288
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C,-
3) AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(CLAiSI F CATION-)--
--56570-1 * u. 1. GOVRRNMENT PRINTING MICR
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
San-chia-ho (co-ordinates unknown) Liao-ning Prey., is at the
confluence of the Liao-ho, Tlai-tzu-ho and Hun-ho. It is the head
of navigation for small steamers which do not draw more than 3 m.
(10, p. 281) A regular steamer service is maintained to this point
which is 110 km from the mouth of the Lia6-ho. (13, p. 157)
Numerous junks sail the Liao-ho up to 500 or 600 km from its mouth.
(12, p. 204) Grain is the chief freight downriver, consumer goods
upriver. (104. p. 281)
The Tlai-tzu-ho joins the Hun-ho at San-chla-k'ou (co-ordinaims
unknown)* and later empties into the main stream of the
Liao-ho. Another source shows HsiadTpel-ho (41 22N 122 50E),
Liao-ning Prove, at the confluence of T'ai-tzu-ho and Hun-ho.
(1, Map 24) The T'ai-tzu-h0 is navigable for about 170 miles;
it is 1,200 ft wide at its widest and 350 ft at its narrowest
point. The river is frozen over from the end of October to
the beginning of March. (260 p. 238)
Liao-yang (41 17N 123 11E) in Liao-ning Prov., is on the east
bank of the Tlai-tzu-ho (260 p. 236) and junks run freely
between here and Ying-Wou in depths ranging from 4 to 10 ft.
The wharf is at Huang-chia-ling-tzu (co-ordinates unknown),
east of the walled town of Liao-yang. At highwater small
junks can sail 5 miles above the wharf, while smaller boats go
up to Pen-ch'i-hu (41 20N 123 45E) and Wei-ning-ch'eng
(41 22N 123 48E), both in Liaoning Provo, to bring down
coal, charcoal and firewood. (26, p. 238)
The Liao-yang region has long been known for the production of
beans, kao-liang? bean cake, and distilled liquors. These
products used to be transported by water to Ying-klcya, but now
go chiefly by rail to Ta-lien and Ying-klou.
The city of Liao-yang, with Pei-kuan and Hai-kuan outside its
walls, has a population of 35,000. (26, p. 237)
Tlieh-ling on the Liao-ho is on the Ch'ang-ch'un/Ta-lien Railroad
and has its landing at Ma-feng-klou (co-ordinates unknown) on a
bend Ofthe Liao-ho, about 2.5 mi3es west of the railroad station.
(1, Map 24; 26, p. 246) Freight is carted between the station and
wharf. (26, p. 246)
Ma-feng-k'ou is about 160 miles overland or 300 miles by water
from Ying-Wou, the whole distance being navigable for junks.
Commodities from the interior used to be shipped by water to
Ying-Wou, making T'ieh-ling a flourishing city, but the railway
and a new wharf tttT'ung-chiang-Wou (42 38N 123 43E), Liao-ning
Prov., has undercut its former proaperity. Recently water traffic
to T'ung-chiang-klou is on the wane and the Ma-feng-kiou route is
again used for beans and grain because Ying-klou can be reached
from T'ieh-ling in 4 or 5 days at highwater. (26, p. 2)46)
*SanOah? and San-chsa-klou possibly refer to the same place.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
I N'I ELLI GENCE, USAF.
(CUISgIFICATION) ?
16-5667o-1 * U, I. GOVERNICINT PRIN7IN4 MIMS
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
T'ung-chiang is on the east bank of the Liao-ho, about 30 miles
NW of Tlieh-ling and 24 miles W of Klai-yuan (42 32N 124 01E),
Liao-ning Province. It has 5,000 population, and was one of the
leading ports on the upper Liao-ho as the shipping point for almost
all grain from Neng-an (co-ordinates unknown), Shuang-yuan
(43 30N 123 29E) and Pai-mien-chleng (43 UPN 124 00E), all in
Liao-ning Prov., on the upper reaches. It once outranked
Tlieh-ling, but has gradually declined to an annual turnover of
only 1,000,000 bushels. (26, P. 247)
At highwater small steamers go up to T'ung-chianglklou, about 570
km from the mouth of the Liao-ho. (13, p. 157)
San-chiang-Wou (Mouth of Three Rivers) (43 23N 123 42E),
Liaoning Prov., is at the confluence of the Hsiao-chiing-ho,
Tung-liao'ho and Hsi-liao-ho, which flows through Cheng-chia-t'un.
It is on the west bank, about 5 miles SE of the railroad station at
Ta-mln-tlun (41 50N 122 58E), Liaoning Prey., which is on the
east bank.
Once one of the leading commercial centers of Manchuria and
Mongolia, connected with.Cheng-chia-t'un on the upper, Tlieh-ling
on the middle and Ying-Wou on the lower course of the river, it
had a large junk tra4e in the spring and summer. Its principal
business now is shipping agricultural products from the villages on
the Liao-ho, including beans, green peas, river fish and kao-liang,
of which 250,000 bushels are shipped annually. (26, p? 256)
Shuang-yuan, Cheng-chia-t'un or Liao-yuan is the head of navigation
for junks, 828 km from Ying-klou. (7, p. 207)
6. The Ta-ling-ho, with the city of Ta-ling-ho (40 56N 121 44E),
Liaoning Prov., near its mouth (1, Map 24) has junk traffic up to
Chlao-yang (41 33N 120 25E), Liao-ning Province, This city started
expanding rapidly after the Chin-chou/Ku-pei-k'ou Railroad was
built, and is a trade center in the eastern part of former Je-ho
Province. It has a population of 30,000. (10, p. 291) Oil shale
occurs in the vicinity. (10, p. 273) The Ta-ling-ho is frozen
3 months of the year at Ch'ao-yang. (10, p. 262)
7. The Hai-ho, formed by five rivers converging near Tlien-chin
(39 08N 117 12E), Hopei Prov., flows through this city, then
southeast, and falls into the sea below Ta-cu (10, p.'50), where
masses of silt, brought down especially by the Yung-ting tributary)
have formed the Ta-ku Bar, a serious obstacle to navigation?
(20, p. 142) The five tributaries of the Hai-ho are the Grand
Canal North, starting from Mi-yun (40 22N 116 49E), Hopei Prey.,
at the confluence of the Pai-ho and Ch'ao-ho (10, p. 45) and
flowing to Tlien-chin down the channel of the Pai-ho (10, p0 50);
the Yung-ting-ho, protected by dikes because its channel at
Lu-kou-ch'iao or Wan-p'ing (39 51N 116 13E), Ho-pei Prove, is
higher than the surrounding country; the Ta-ch'ing-ho or
Shan-hsin-ho, flowing through Hsi-tien Lake and Tung-tien Lake; the
Tzu-ya-ho or Hsin-hsi-ho; and the Grand Canal South, flowing from
Lin-chling (36 51N 115 41E), Shantung Prey., at the confluence
of Wei-ho and Hui-t'ung-ho. (10, p. 45; 19)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(cLASSINCATION)
16- 85g70-1 * II. , 60VERN,MrHT PRIMO; *mu
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
The winding Hai-hol also called Pat-ho, is 500 m wide in places
and up to 10 m deep at high tide. (11, p. 6) It is navigable up
to Vien-chin for vessels of 5-m draft and a capacity of 3,500 ton4
(11, p. 7) According to a Soviet source of the same year, vessels
4
of .b-m draft and 2,000-t displacement can enter Vien-chin.
(10, p. 77)
Thin ice covers the river in December and January. But small ice-
breakers keep the channel open for traffic throughout the winter.
(110 p. 7) Another source of the same year states that the river
op is usually covered with ice for three months, but closed to water
traffic for only two months, owing to the use of icebreakers.
(10, p. 69)
The Hai-llo has to be dredged continually from T'ien-chin to its
mouth to prevent it from silting up rapidly? The ship channel at
Then-chin was straightened and dredged to greater depths, banks
were reinforced and dikes built? (11, p. 7) But despite these
improvements, steamers move upriver slowly, sometimes running
aground on shoals. With the many bends in the channel reducing
speed, it takes them from four to twelve hours to sail from the
mouth of the Hai-ho to Then-chin.
Steamers too large to enter the river formerly anchored at the
roadstead 40 to 50 km from the mouth and transferred their cargo to
junks, barges and shallow-draft steamer going up to Then-chin*
(11, p. 8)
Then-chin lies 39 km from the sea on the Hai-ho, accordin to a
1953 source (10, P. 77); another source of the same year gives the
distance as 45 kn. (11, p. 28) It is North China's largest, city,
with a population of 1,800,000. (10, p. 77) In 1951 a Sviet
source gave its population as 10922,000. (9)
The Pei-ching/Shen-yang Railroad connects this city with the port
of Tlang-ku? the industrial center of Shen-yang, the Ktai-luan
Mines, Tlang-shan, Shan-hai-kuan and Hu-1u-tao* (11, pp. 31, 32)
The Then-chin/P1u-kiou Railroad links it to East and Central
China, (11, p. 32)
T'ien-chin is North China's largest commercial port (10, p. 77)
and the most convenient outlet to the sea for Northwest China and
Inner Mongolia. (110 p* 28) Its chief exports are agricultural
products from North China, with peanuts and egg powder as chief
staples, and wool and medical herbs from the northwestern provinee
It is also a supply center for these regions, with cotton, ma-
chinery,, industrial raw materials, fuel, and sugar as principal
imports. Then-chin has the third highest freight turnover of all
Chinese ports, after Shang-hai and Ta-lien. (10, p. 77)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF. "
(CUMIFICATION)
1a-5.8870-1 * U. 6. COVEIIHMINT PROITINO ?mei
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
A 1953 source states that the port can berth dozens of vessels of
4.8-m draft, 2,000-t displacement and 3,500-,t capacity at wharves
lining both rive Il banks through the city. (10, p. 77; 11, pp.7,17)
Between Chin-kang-chliao and the former Belgian Concession, a
distance of two nautical miles, the Hai-ho can berth about 10
steamers of 2,000 t, at a river width of 99 m and depths varying
from 4.9 to 6.4 m. (3, p. 67)
River depths in Then-chin (3, Po 67)
Chin-kang-chhao (bridge) 410,000
Jih-pen-chliao (Japanese Bridge
Former French Concession
Former British Concession
First Special District 4141000004$
)?00000 000004000000114104104141041, 020 ft
"0"0?00.0?0?0. ? 0" ? .23 "
O4041000041041004104100???0 0440.20
O0000040009010040 0 ? 40 0 .17-18
? 041040410001100041000 0 0 0 0 04.018
The port area in the city has large storage facilities, including
vast fenced sheds, where freight is stored on wooden rackse
Four large bridges span the Hai-hp. But a large portion of the
traffic between the right bank and the industrial district on the
left bank is handled by about 100 boat ferries, all within city
limits. (11, p. 17)
The port of Then-chin has two disadvantages, First, it freezes
over in the winter for about two months during which Chhn-huang-ta)
(39 55N 119 37E), Ho-pei Prove, handles the export trade for
Then-chin. Second, the Hai-ho silts up heavily, which compels
many seagoing vessels to stand off Ta-ku to load and unload by
lighters. (10, p. 78) (Figs. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
River depths between Then-chin and Ta-ku are (3, p. 68):
Ni-ku s0,01
Ko-ku
Hs in-ho
T'ang-ku
T'ang-ku to Ta-ku
Ta-ku 0
........?0? .20.0
.23.0
.25.0
.3000
.30.0
.77.5
00110?00?00?00?1405
.11.5....... 5041
?00????????0???
????00414.0?*?41???
?????0????0????41
T'ang-ku (39 01N 117 40E), Ho-pei Pray., is on the north bank of
the Hai-ho near its mouth and serves as an outer port for
T'ien-chin. Its streets are lined with warehouses. (10, p. 78;
35, No. 1, 1954, pp0 11, 13) (Figs. 37, 38)
The shipbuilding and repair yard at T'ang-ku (42, No. 40, 1957,p,3)
built a test tug propelled by water jet after the latest Soviet
designs. It is 12 m long with a 3-m beam, and draws only 40 cm,
which will enable it to sail most of China's small rivers at any
time of yeare (40, No. 2819, 1956, p. 2) (Fig. 43)
The new Branch Shop No. 17 of the Hai-ho Construction Bureau Repair
Shop has restored its shipyard and started repairing ships.
(40, Noe 39, 1949, p. 1)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C.--
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED ay LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, I3Y OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(CLASSIFICATION)
1O-56670-1 * 0.11. DOVIRMIIIIIHT PlIk1Is OIFIci
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Ta-ku (38 59N 117 41E), Ho-pei Pray., is on the south bank of the
Hai-ho near its mouth and serves as a second outer port to
Tlien-chin. A large portion of all seagoing vessels stand at Ta-ku
to load and unload by means of lighters. (10, p. 78)
Tiang-ku Hsin-kang (new Port) is east of Tlang-ku on the Po-hai
Gulf at approx. (39 OON 117 45E). (1, Map 21) Construction was
started by the Japanese and completed by the present regime
(10, p. 78)i the port was officially opened in October 1952.
(16, p, 107) The plan called for two breakwaters, a harbor, ship
lock, docks, repair yards and railroad stations. One breakwater
running from the north, the other from the south, were to stand
1 m above water level in the river. The ship lock, with 5-m mini-
mum and 8-m maximum depths leads from the western part of the port
to the Hai-ho and passes steamers of 2,000 to 3,000-t displacement
bound for T'ien-chin. (10, p. 78) According to a 1956 source,
ships of 3,500-t capacity now go directly to T'ien-chin.
(42, No. 44, 1956, p. 2) (Fig. 39)
The two completed breakwaters have a combined length of over 19
miles and protect a deep-water area of about seven square miles
from river sediment. (16, p. 107) Built of granite blocks each
weighing many tons, they are broad enough for a jeep to drive along
the top. A 9-mile channel had to be dredged to make it possible
for 10,000-t ships to use the new port at T'ang-ku. (35, No. 1,
1954, pp. 12, 13) (Fig. 40)
Four square kilometers of land were reclaimed from the sea and
wharves, large warehouses and auxiliary buildings erected.
(42, No. 44, 1956, p. 2) Wharf No. 1 can simultaneously berth
four 10,000-t ships (35, No, 1, 1954, p. 11) of 30,000-t displace-
ment (10, p. 78) plus five 3,000-t vessels. Cilanes transfer their
cargo to trains. Wharf No. 2 has automatic coal loaders.
(35, No. 1, 1954, pp. 11, 13) (Figs. 41, 42)
T'ang-ku handles 40% of all imports and 60% of all exports from
China. (350 No. 1, 1954, pp. 11-13)
The five tributaries of the Hai-ho or Hai-ho/Pei-tnang-ho
System are all navigable for junks and carry a considerable
volume of freight. (10, p. 69)
The Yung-ting-ho is the most important tributary. Junks carry
agricultural products and handicraft wares, such as brooms,
brushes, mats and sacks, downstream to T'ien-chin. (11, p. 8)
Being a large river, it used to cause disastrous floods, but
Is now controlled (11, p. 8) by the Kuan-Tling dam and
reservoir at the entrance to the narrow gorge in the Hsi-shan
(West Mts.). (28)
Work on a canal from the Yung-ting-ho to Pei-ching was begun
1 January 1956 to supply more water for Pei-ching and its
industry, for transportation and to irrigate more land. This
canal will be 25 km long and run from the lock at San-chia-tien
(39 58N 116 05E), Ho-pei Prey., directly to the city moat at
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES. EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(eusstncoloto
10-66570-1 * U. I. aovintimrrt PPINTIPIG
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
p.
Pei-ching. A tunnel nearly 700 m long will be dug to lead the
canal through the Mo-shih Mt s. The canal will use the moat
around the south and east sides of Pei-ching, and the
T'ung-hui-ho (28) or T'ung-hui Canal, which links Pei-ching
to the north terminus of the Grand Canal at T'uns-chou.
(10, p. 50) Pei-chins will thus become a port with an outlet
to the sea. (28) (Fig. )44)
The Tzu-ya-ho is formed by the confluence of the Fu-yang-ho
and the Hu-tlo-ho at Haien (38 12N 116 07E) 10-pei Province,
and flows into the Hai-ho at Tlien-chin. (1, Map 21; 10,p.45)
It is an important water route for regional products.
(11, p. 8)
The Wei-ho serves as part of the Grand Canal, the chief water-
way from the agricultural regions of western Shantung to the
industrial center of T'ien-chin, Formerly only ships under
100-t capacity could sail this river even during high water in
the summer and fall, while shipping almost ceased during low
water in the spring and early summer. (6, p. 97)
The new Victory Canal has raised the water level in the Wei-ho
and made it navigable from Hsin-hsiang (35 19N 113 52E),
Ho-nan Prov., to T'ien-chin, a distance of 900 km. The canal
carrles water from the Huang-ho at the Pei-chins/Han-Wou
Railroad bridge, parallel to the roadbed northward to the
Wei-ho at Hsin-hsiang. (6, p. 97)
The Huang-ho is about 4,500 km long (31, a quoted source) or
4 635 km if measured up the Hsin-huang-ho (New Yellow River). It
dilainvan area of 771,500 sq km and has a maximum discharge of
25,000 cu m/sec at flood time in the lower reaches. (6, pp, 90,91)
It falls into the Po-hai-wan (Gulf) east of Li-chin or Li-chiang
(37 29N 118 16E), Shan-tung Province. (1, Map 33; 31)
The two obstacles to shipping on the Huang-ho are innumerable rapid
and too low a volume of water in the middle and lower reaches.
From November to May or June the water level is particularly low
and the average monthly discharge then is only 3% to 5% of the
annual discharge. (33)
In its upper reaches the Huang-ho is torrential and unsuitable for
navigation, except for timber rafts from Kuei-te (36 03N 101 28E),
Ch'ing-hai Prov., to Lan-chou (36 03N 103 41E), Kan-su Province.
At Lan-chou the river widens and the volume of water increases; the
stretch between Lan-chou and Chung-Wei (35 47N 111 49E), Shan-hsi
Provo, has five gorges only about 150 in wide. The section below
Ching-yuan (36 37N 104 32E), Kan-su Provo, to Pao-t'ou
(40 36N 110 03E), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is navigable
for Junks, and the river is ice-free here for about 8 months a year
From Chung-Wei to Ho-Wou-Chen (40 13N 111 12E) near TIo-klo-tlo
(40 15N 111 12E) in western Inner Mongolia, the river is wide and
the flow normal, except for the narrow rapids at Ch'ing-tung-hsia
r3o-ordinate8 unknown) and near Shih-tsui-shan (Shih-tsui-tzu)
9 lON 106 45E), Kan-Su Province.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U S. C
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART. BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES. EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
4 1/2
(CLASSIFICATION)
jo--5,6570-1 * U. B. GOViRNMDIT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Below Ho-kiou-chen (Hosoklou) the Huang-ho enters the loess region
and drops rapidl -- about 18 m at the Hu-klou Waterfalls
(36 09N 110 20E), Shen-hsi Province. Below Yu-men-klou
(35 39N 110 29E), Shan-hsi Prov., the river flows through the
San-men-heia Gorges (3)4 54N 111 12E), HO-nan PrOVinCe. (31)
Below Meng-ching (34 52N 112 39E), Ho-nark Prov., the river enters
the North China Plain where it receives no tributaries for 700 km
or one sixth of its entire course. Here dikes and sedimentation
through the centuries have raised the channel above the surround-
ing plain. (6, p. 90; 31)
Though navigable for shallow vessels, the lower Huang-ho is used
for river transportation on1y.4,n certain sections. This region
is sparsely settled because of the constant threat of flood,
especially below Chi-nan (36 41N 117 00E), Shan-tung Province.
Only in the last 50 km of its delta is the river not confined by
dikes. Accretion here is rapid; from 1947 to 1952 the mouth of
the Huang-ho moved 25 km into the sea. (6, pp. 90, 91)
Pao-tiou (40 36N 110 03E), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a
city with some 60,000 population (10, p. 309), stands where the
Pei-ching/Pao-tfou and Pao-tiou/Lan-chou Railroads (10, p. 309; 4;
35, No. 8, 1956, pp. 5-9) and the highways to Yu-lin
(36 17N 109 )45E), Shen-hsi Prov., and into Kan-Su PrdVince (8)
meet the Huang-ho. The port is at Nan-hai-tzu (40 33N 110 06E),
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the north bank of the Huang-hq
2 km SE of the new city of Pao-tiou. (18; 10, p. 309; 1, Map 22)
Over 500 junks use this river port and the first tug has been
launched here a short time ago. (42, No. 171, 1955, p. 2) (Fig.)45)
The Pao-tiou stretch is the best for shipping on the entire
Huang-ho. Skin rafts of 12-t to 15-t capacity carry goods between
Lan-chou and Pao-tioul making about two trips a year. Junks make
two trips a year between Pao-tlou and Yin-chluan (32 26 106 19E),
Kan-SU Prov., traveling 18 to 30 km per day upstream (31) with
products from the eastern provinces, transshipped at Pao-tiou.
(10, I), 309) They make 60 to 90 km per day downstream with leather
goods and herbs from Chun:E-wei and Yin-chtuan, and with salt from
Teng-ktou-shih (39 48N 106 36E) or Ting-klou-chen, Kan-SU
Province. (31)
Shipping on the stretch between Shen-hsi and Shan-hsi Provinces has
to operate in two sectors, separated by the waterfall at Hu-k,ou.
(31)
Ho-Ching (35 37N 110 43E), Shen-hsi Fray., is a port at the con-
fluence of Huang-ho and Fen-ho. Junks sail down the Huang-ho
from Ho-ching to Cheng-chou (34 )45N 113 40E); Ho-nan Prov., but
cannot negotiate San-men-hsia Rapids going upstream. (10, p. 2)49;
40, No. 3071, 1956, po 2)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE Act 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
a..morew
(CLASSIFICATIO ,
10-65570-1 * u. G. GOVINNNINT PUNTING corm
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STAT
Since the channel of the Fen-ho has been improved, shipping
has been extended from Ho-ching to Hsin-chiang (35 38N 111 IA
Shan-hai Prov? and will reach farther up the Fen-ho to
Hsiang-fen* (co-ordinates unknown). The navigable section
will then be about 170 km long and become the first long water*
way in Shan-hsi Province for shipping out the foodstuffs and
cotton grown in the region. Wharves will be built at a number
of points and river boats provided. (400 No, 3071, 19560, 2)
T'ung-kuan (T'ung-chtuan (35 CON 109 07E), Shen-hsi Prov., is an
important transportation center at the point where the Lung Hai
Railroad meets the Huang-ho as it turns eastwa40 (10, pp.251,252)
Junks go up the Wei-ho from T'ung-kuan to Hsing-p'ing
(34 17N 108 25E), Shen-hsi Province. (100 p. 249; 10 Map 27)
A 1955 source states that between Yu-men (or Yu-men-klou), Shan-hsi
Prov.? and Lo-Wou (36 44N 116 58E), Shan-tung Pray., junks can
travel 20 km per day pstream and 70 to 100 km a day downstream.
In Shan-tung Pray, the river averages 3 m deep. (31) According
to a 1953 source, junks can sail the section between Cheng-chou
(34 45N 113 40E), Ho-nan Provo, and Lo-klou? but navigation is
complicated here, (10, p. 69) Steam navigation will be opened on
this stretch up to Cheng-chou early in the Five-year Plan, (36)
Lo-k'ou is on the south bank of the Huang-ho and the river port for
Chi-nan (36 40N 117 00E), Shan-tung Pray. (10o p. 79), which is
7 km (6, p. 271) south of the Huang-ho at the junction of the
Ch'ing-tao/Ohi-nan and Tsien-chin/Pu-klou Railroads, a city with
a population of 590,000, (100 p. 79)
A passenger and freight steamer, built in about 5 months by the
Shan-tung Province Water Transport Control Bureau, was launched at
Lo-klou on 12 November 1955. Drawing 1.3 m, 29 m long and 5.4 m
wide, this vessel is designed to ply the Huang-ho; it is the first
ship of this type to be launched on this river, according to a
quoted source. (32)
The lower course of the Huang-ho has many sand bars preventing
vessels from going directly out to sea. Therefore, the clear
Hsiao-chling-ho flowing east of Chinan is used as an outlet to the
sea. (10, p. 69; 31) This river is sufficiently deep for junk
traffic directly from Chi-nan. Motor vessels ply its lower reaches
(6, p, 271)
At'Yarechiao-klott.,(37 16N 118 53E), Shan-tung Provo, at the mouth
of the fisiiia-41iTing-ho on the Po-hal Gulf, freieht is transferred
from river junks to seagoing vessels. (10, po 69)
4The Provincial Atlas of the Chinese People's Republic, Shang-hal, 1951
Map 27, lists Lin-fen or Pling-yang (36 05N 111 32E), Shan-hsi Prov.?
on the Fen-ho above Hsin-chiang.
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT,, 50 U. S. C.-
31 AND 32. AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE. USAF.
(CLASSIFICATION)
6-65670 .1 1l U.111. GOVIANI4017 PPINTINO (prima(
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
A Soviet project to utilize the waterpower and improve transpor-
tation on the Huang-ho calls for construction of 46 locks, and two
very large reaervoira, at San-men-haia (111 12N 34 54E) and
Liu-chia-hsia (co-'ordinates unknown). After these are built, the
lluang-ho will be divided into four navigational zones:
(1) from the estuary to Tfao-hua-hsia (co-ordinates unknown)
near the county seat of Chleng-kao or Ssu-shui
(3)4 51N 113 12E) in Ho-nan Province (11 Map 36: 31) a
distance of 703 km;
(2) from the Chling-shui-ho (31) or Chling-chien-ho (1, Map 27)
south of Ho-klou-chen to Yin-chluan, a distance of 843 km;
(3) San-men-hsia Reservoir itself
(4) Liu-chia-hsia Reservoir.
The 46 locks will regulate the middle and lower reaches of the
Huang-ho and allow vessels of 500-t capacity to sail from the
mouth all the way up to Lan-chou. (31) (Fig. 46)
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL. DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT, 50 U. S. C,-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED, ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
(CLASSIFICATION)
113-55670-1 *U. I, 01/111,110.N7 PIONTIN4 ernes
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Da&
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STAT
LIST OF REFERENCES
kialslaalP
1.
Chuns-hua Jen-min Kung-ho-ku0 Fen-sheng Ti-tlu
(Provincial Atlas of the Chinese People's Republic), Shang-ha:1,1953
2. jen-min Shou-ts'e (People's Handbook), Shanghai, 1950
3. Kahoku Kogyo So ran (Navigation Manual for North China), by
Nakamura Yoshio, Ch'ing-tao, 1942
4. Manshu Gaikan (Manchuria Pictorial), Dairen, 1977, p. 135
5. Razvitiye Ekonomiki Strait Narodnoy Demokratii Azii, by
Yu. N. Kapelinskiy et al., Moskva, 1956
6. Vostochnyy Kitay, ed. by V.T. Zaychikov, Moskva, 1955
7. Severo-Vostochnyy Kitay, by E.M. Murzayev, Moskva, 1955
8. Vnutrennyaya Mongoliya, by I.Khv Ovdiyenko, Moskva, 1954, pp.164,166
9. Kitay, Bollshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, Moskva, 1954, p. 6
10. Geografiya Novogo Kiyaya, by Ch'u Shao-tlang, Moskva, 1953
110 Tyan'tszin, (T'ien-chin), by No Nikitin end I. Fedorov, Moskva,
1953
12. Geograficheskiye Ocherki Man'chzhurii, by V.A. Anuchin, Moskva,
1948
13. ManIchzhuriya, by P.I. Glushakov, Moskva, 1948
14. Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, Moskva, Vol. 18, 1953, p. 67
15. Spravochnilc go Severnoy Manichzhurii i Kitaysko-Vostochnoy
Zheleznoy Doroge, Ha-erh-pin, 1927, p. 589
160 China's Changing Map, by Theodore Shabad, New York, 1956
17. Land of 500 Million, by Geo. Bo Cressey, New York, 1955
18. Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer, New York, p. 1425
19. U.S. Navy - CINCPAC Bulletin 48, 1945, pp. 104405
20* Shanghai & Tientsin, F.C. Jones, New York, 1940, p. 142
21. The Directory of Manchoukuo, Harbin & Dairen, 1938-1939, p. 27
22. China Shipping Manual, Shang-hail 1938, pp. 97, 124
40...1MMINGINNINOW
?00110.011.1.11011011STAT
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STAT
230 Manchoukuo Year Book, Tokyo, 1924
24. Ibid. 1942
25. North Manchuria and the Chinese Eastern
26. Official Guide to Eastern Asia, Chosen,
Tokyo, Vol. I, 1920
27. Dictionnaire Hi3tOrigUe et Geographiquo
Hongkong, 1934, po 983
Periodicals
Railway, Harbin, 1924
Manchuria, Siberia,
de la Mandchourie,
280 Chieh-fang-chun Hua-pao (Liberation Army Pictorial), Hongkong,
No. 630 1956, pp, 30, 31
290 Hsin-hua Yueh-pao (New China Monthly), Pei-ching, No. 12, 1955,
p. 222
300 Rechnoy Transport, Moskva, No, 7, 1956
31. Ti-1i Chih-shih (Geographic Studies), Pei-ching, October 1955,
pp. 300-301
320 Jen-min Chiao-t'ung (People's Transportation), Pei-ching,
15 Dec 55
33. Narodnyy Kitay, Pei-Chin, No. 21, 1 Nov 1955, p. 7
34, Voprosy Geograf ii, Moskva, Vol. 35, Moskva, 1954, p. 289
35. China Reconstructs, Pei-chin
36, Jen-min Hua-pao, Pei-ching, Sep 1956, p. 6
370 China Trade News, New York, No. 81 1946, p. 10
38. Manchuria, Dairen, Vol, I, No. 9) 1936) p. 285
39. Ibid., Volo II, No. 4: 1937, p. 107
Newsp aper
40. Jen-min Jih-pao (People's Daily), Pei-ching
41. Liao-ning Jih-pao, Shen-yang
42. Druzhba, Pei-chin
NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIMIAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT. 50 U.S. C,-
31 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW,
IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGENCE, USAF.
?(CLASSIFICATION)
JO-55670-1 * U. L 001/1100111, paigerims ?met
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
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- Main River Systems in Manchuria and North China
0 ,
2. Nen-chiang 3. Hei-lung-chiang 4. Sung-hua-chiang
6. Wu-su-li-ho 7. Sui-feng-h0 8. Vu-men-chiang
10. Liao-ho 11. Ta-ling-ho, and Pat-ho 12. Rivers in
13. Huang-ho 14. Water courses in Gobi Ltsert
Moskva, 1955, btw. pp. 104 & 105
Source: M: Severo-Vostochnyy Kitay, E.M. Mumayev
???
STAT
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e
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UNCLASSIFIED
1111111?11.11=
Moutokin system
River system
Bountlary
Fig.
2 - Rivers in Manchuria
Source: M: Manchoukuo Yearbook, TOkyo, 1934,
Map opp. p. 5
STAT
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?
6
?
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?
UNCLASSIFIED
Fig. 3 - Waterfront at T'ung-chiang
Source: M: Manshu Gaikan, Dairen, 1937,
p. 94, bottom
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
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?
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UNCLASSIFIED
Fig. 5 - Landing at FU-chin
Source: M: Manshu Gaikan, Dairen, 1937, p. 94
STAT
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?
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?
UNCLASSIFIED
Fig. 6 - The River Port of Chia-mu-93'.L
Source: P: Manchuria, No. 7, 1936, p. 401
II I
?
Fig. 7 - Wharf at Chia-mu-ssu
Source: M: Manshu,Gaikan, Dairen, 1937, p. 94
STAT
?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
UNCLASSIFIED
Fig. 8 - The coaling port of Lien-chiang-klou
Source: M: Manshu Gaikan, Dairen, 1937, p. 94
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
4
UNCLASSIFIED
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Fig. 10
Graph showing the highest levels of the Sung-hua-chiang at Ha-erh-pin
and the quantity of precipitation (dotted line) in June and July at
na-erh-pin and Ch'i-chli-ha-erh
Source: M: Severo-Vostochnyy Kitay, E.M. Murzayev, Moskva, 1955, p. 107
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
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UNCLASSIFIED
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Fig. 10
Graph showing the highest levels of the Sung-hua-chiang at Ha-erh-pin
and the quantity of precipitation (dotted line) in June and July at
na-erh-pin and Ch'i-chli-ha-erh
Source: M: Severo-Vostochnyy Kitay, E.M. Murzayev, Moskva, 1955, p. 107
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
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Fig. 10
Graph showing the highest levels of the Sung-hua-chiang at Ha-erh-pin
and the quantity of precipitation (dotted line) in June and July at
na-erh-pin and Ch'i-chli-ha-erh
Source: M: Severo-Vostochnyy Kitay, E.M. Murzayev, Moskva, 1955, p. 107
STAT
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- ??? op womniwommimmirmalmWilipr
Fig. 13 - The Port of Ha-erh-pin
Source: N: Druzhba, No. 109, 10 May 1956, p. 2
Fig. 14
Aerial view of San-kio-shu on the Sung-hua-chiang
Source: M: Ra-hin-sen Ken-setsu Koji 5ha-shin-cho, Harbin, 192,p. 45
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Fig. 15 - Surg-hua-ehiang Wharf at Ba-erh-pin
Seuree: mr: Rahir-sev. Xersetau Woji Shashir-eho, Deirer, 25 ',by 1934, 104 32
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Pig. 16.- A busy wharf at fia-erb-pla
Source: vs: Rahin-ser Kensetsu Koji Shashin-ebo, Rairent 25 ?by 1934, p. 33
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
STAT
Fig. 17 - Lorgsboremer unloading soy boars frnm a river boat at Ra-erh-pin
Source: 14% Nknebr,ukuc Pictorial Record, Tokyo 19341 p. 125
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
UNCLASSIFIED
Fig. 18 - Aerial view of waterfront at Ha-erh-pin
3ource: M: Showa roku shichi nen manshu jihen kanto-
gun kinen shashin-cho, Wakayama, 20 June 1933,
P. 34
Fig. 19
Source:
- Landing on the Nen-chiang at Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh
M: North Manchuria and the Chinese Eastern Rail-
way, Harbin 1924, p. 391
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1 '
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
UNCLASSIFIED "
?
444????-+-4.-p-,,.......???44.44440...41114MENIalliNIONMOMMI41444~41114414111111.41.111.1111811114114.1.111411?1144111114.14i
A MAIO
Fig. 20 - Reloading cereals at Lao-shao-kou
(Sung-hua-chiang) Landing
Source: M: North Manchuria and the Chinese Eastern
Railroad, Harbin 1924, p. 106
Fig. 21 - Waterfront at Chi-lin
bource: M: Manshu Gaikan, Dairen 19351 p. 82
4
I.
STAT
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Declassified in Part 7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
AN-TCNC AN!)
Nowlin r VoNGAN(Ntic?ij \NirNmtl\I
KoREA*,-\\DUAnNAL ,
11,
?
?
ky4i kft '
, ???
???
'II
???
?
'4
..-Agoiskr?
siotin
Fig. 22 - Map of An-tung
Source: U.S. Army Map Service, Wash., D.C., 1945
???,.
?
?
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
UNCLAF:;:,JED
3
IICIATYARD
ANTUNG - SHINGISHU
BOATYARDS
8TH P.1.D HQS.I4TH AF
PHOTOS BY 21 PRS
4MR3I V-40
!op? 20400
SCALE IN FEET
1.;,),ttlea
7(7Z47,65..POWNOVIONOTRININIOSil
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
al .. a? ??? 1. ... .. ?? ? .
?
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...?- . .... ' : .... ....":. 1 r 4: "1 -11
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.
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1 31,?. . ? . Jr ? ? a. . a ? - .
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Fig. 24 - ting-klou
Source: lit U.S. Nan - CINCPAC Bulletin 48, 1945 p. 135
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
'Fig. 27 - Wharf at Ying-k'ou
- Wharf of South Manchuria Railway
at Xing-Wou
P: Light of Manchuria, No. 16,
Dairen, 1 Dec 1921, p. 22
Fig. 29 - Ying-Wou Port with railroad
Source: M: Manshu Xenkoku; Manshu, Shadhai Dai alum-ship
Yokohama, 1935, p. 203
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
ti1 Olt 611.111111
S'1?11114 4 *.lsoula Noir/ N (//14 L.
,V,,.. L.3
Ala* Iti? 8 h 440. ? firarlorrookir I Nacho n 1.7
I Po/t.r* "Whom
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6 l'iRoAr a.noniso'rrl 11171
torkr....A fltfoor
No-n 1* l'relpio.
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Philo A04111144/11~1 A4111114101110111
Nrio, .1to.rror Ihrovi N 3
I Neil roworpoorros?okof laid*
2 lopromarar errutooliar
1 hopomovrApai ONior
NI aroma 'My boopoihrsoo,?)
5 firboioarooratped or Rosa f?Poroted,
11 7'01,01 d000l Oth.
7 7i 11 phiprtp loorforr. of 0111 (Meow Il*twever)
11 .1loorthoole IA41 Irerportram Whirr
0 NotroArPeri I 000
?Aro ? *oho
'
YINO KOU
A
r
41'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
ti1 Olt 611.111111
S'1?11114 4 *.lsoula Noir/ N (//14 L.
,V,,.. L.3
Ala* Iti? 8 h 440. ? firarlorrookir I Nacho n 1.7
I Po/t.r* "Whom
ilia ma (WW! L 1
6 l'iRoAr a.noniso'rrl 11171
torkr....A fltfoor
No-n 1* l'relpio.
SNOlerrorror roorlowyekin
Philo A04111144/11~1 A4111114101110111
Nrio, .1to.rror Ihrovi N 3
I Neil roworpoorros?okof laid*
2 lopromarar errutooliar
1 hopomovrApai ONior
NI aroma 'My boopoihrsoo,?)
5 firboioarooratped or Rosa f?Poroted,
11 7'01,01 d000l Oth.
7 7i 11 phiprtp loorforr. of 0111 (Meow Il*twever)
11 .1loorthoole IA41 Irerportram Whirr
0 NotroArPeri I 000
?Aro ? *oho
'
YINO KOU
A
r
41'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
ti1 Olt 611.111111
S'1?11114 4 *.lsoula Noir/ N (//14 L.
,V,,.. L.3
Ala* Iti? 8 h 440. ? firarlorrookir I Nacho n 1.7
I Po/t.r* "Whom
ilia ma (WW! L 1
6 l'iRoAr a.noniso'rrl 11171
torkr....A fltfoor
No-n 1* l'relpio.
SNOlerrorror roorlowyekin
Philo A04111144/11~1 A4111114101110111
Nrio, .1to.rror Ihrovi N 3
I Neil roworpoorros?okof laid*
2 lopromarar errutooliar
1 hopomovrApai ONior
NI aroma 'My boopoihrsoo,?)
5 firboioarooratped or Rosa f?Poroted,
11 7'01,01 d000l Oth.
7 7i 11 phiprtp loorforr. of 0111 (Meow Il*twever)
11 .1loorthoole IA41 Irerportram Whirr
0 NotroArPeri I 000
?Aro ? *oho
'
YINO KOU
A
r
41'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
LIMO
? '
1 - Now lamames? Osal and Ova Mort
- houses 011 Macao
6 - 011asse Waal Bookrazd
7 ? Omani Omit Issa
29 - VIIN-001110 (TIMITOIN) Light(or 0o.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26' '''CIA-'RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
tc1 Plan (71r the YUNG-TING-HO Dr/MIST( 11 PRnJECT
new Pgrrinchann e
w Acne &d anlo deepened ch
IMMO
44121;,!!!!2 river channel
IRS dam
amm lock
UNCLASSIFIED
/Me settlinf, basin
Yung-
ting-
ho
AIX Yh-chien-
S4?:lan (Pond
HSi-
:1 .pien-fl!
men el
diversion
(West
Gate)
canal
Ttungu.
ho
dxivinr tho diversion tunnel
Fig. 44 - Sketch Plan of the YUng-ting-ho Diversion Project
Source: P: Chieh-fang-can Hua-pao, P1-chin, Jane 1956, p. 31
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Source: M: Manahu Gaiksp, Dairen, 1937, p. 134
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
;
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
'it V: .7', ? WO r 01';,;,', s. :
?
6(_,! v7: L. ) ;
11 n (.10ttod line)
+.4: be -1.1t
?
un7ler
? ! ;;; Uri CI 14. .
111rinf.
(i-reon llne); firtarter
r---,
ff.!. /t: r..)??
.1.? UP'
rec. rf!n-1.)r.
* -*1J rt-j*k
!Axle
MOt 4H1'f;' 7 '
rt,c chen ( ?
enx: -L-)n nrotPcti
N'2
q7.7MWWWwft
.C.:::4..;!':',6510111`'7"51174;5""RIMINir
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
I
\,
Declassified in Part-- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
? 110.
..1
V.
? t ?
UNCLASSIFIED
? I,
r r I ?? 111 I
?
'
"
?
TANG-KU
18TH PID. HOS. 14TH AF
PHOTOS BY 21 PRS
4MR43 1V4
ION 2900
SCALE IN FEET
JIMA 4106.11,
Fig. 38 - Aerial photo of T'ang-ku,
Source: M: U.S. Navy - CINCPAC Bulletin 119, 1945, p. 130
Is
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
,\
Declassified in in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
?
?
UNCIASSIFIEP
Pig. 39 - Vang-ku Hein-kang shiplock for seagoing vessels
of 3,0004 capacity has started operating after its
first major repair in ten years.
Source: P: Chou-mo Pao, No. 36, Hongkong, 1956, inside back
cover
?
0
STAT
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. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
?
?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
UNCLASSIFIED 'it'
1
Fig. 41 - Wharf No. 1 at Vang-ku Hsin-kang
Source: P: Chou-mo Pao, Hongkong, No. 40, 1954, back cover,
?
?
Fig. 42 - An automatic coal loader at Wharf No. 2 in Vang-ku Hsin-kang4
Source: Ibid., No. 23, 1956, inside front cover
?
STAT
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1
. ? '
4 ?'41;..*
'
, .
? vi :?:? ,?
41'4, ? s. ? .t4ogil.?
--41.ee?-?
Fig. 43 - The Shipbuilding and Repair Yard at Vang-ku Esin-kang
Source: N: Druzbba, Pei-ching0 No. 4o, 19 Pb 1957, p. 3
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP81-01043R001200010002-1