SOVIET AND GERMAN MEASURING INSTUMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 50
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL IN L~.IGENCE AGENCY REPORT N
INFORMATION REPORT
25X1A
COUNTRY A USSR/ Germany (Sov Zone)
SUBJECT ; Soviet and German Measuring Instruments
PLACE
`ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED BY SOURCE
DATE OF INFORMATION
25X1X
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE 19, SECTIONS 793
AHD 794, OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDE O. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REYE.
LAT10N OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF TH15 FORM IS PROHIBITED.
1. By 1951 all the standard measuring instruments for temperature9 pres-
sure, density, volume and-electricity were available in the USSR. A
great shortage of high precision instruments, however, continued to
exist. These cannot be made either in the USSR or in the Soviet Zone
of Germany. Before World War II the majority of measuring instruments
were imported to the USSR from Germany, Franc(-,, England and the USA.
Some instruments weree also made in. the USSR on. US patent licenses. . .
After 'Wor'ld War II the Soviets collected German instruments by the
carload from East German instrument plants and from the various East
German industrial and technical instL.4,llat.ions0 Many of these instru-
ments were distributed in a more or less haphazard way to Soviet
plants and research institutes without regard for individual r.equire? 25X1X
ments. At the GIPKh Institute, for.example, - 10 hygrometers,
while the whole Leuna Plant had never used more than two. As late
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ARM NO.
"1951
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N . F P
iii I
I
NO. OF ENCLS. 4
SUPPLEMENT TO
,REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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as 1951 critical instruments still in boxes that had never
been unpacked since 1946.
are putting special emphasis on the development of electronic instru-
ments and in this particular field they seem to be rather ahead of
the Germane.
make their own standard instruments on'foreign patents, but their
quality was generally inferior to that of the prewar instruments,
partly because of shortage of materials, and largely because of im-!
proper assembly by p6orly trained technical personnel The Soviets
general app ca on. in e post-war period the Soviets con
Conventional T,;j.struments
2.
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"Special" Instruments
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3. Aside from the conventional instruments used three .
special instruments The first 25X1X
two were used at the GIPKh Institute in Leningrad, the third in the
Soviet-sponsored laboratory at Leunao
a. Electronic instrument for chemical analyses gee Enclosure (C)
Sketch 1..
The milliammeter or millivoitmeter of this instrument had a piece
of aluminum foil attached to the indicator needle in such a man-
ner that it passed between two condenser plates when the needle
moved. The current resulting from the change in capacitance is
first amplified by a vacuum tube and than used to operate a relay'
switch. The instrument is sensitive to a change of 0.2-0.3 milli-
volts, and the condenser plates can be adjusted for minimum,
normal or maximum swing of the needle. The instrument operates
with very little delay and is especially good for use in chemical
analyses where, for example., the rapid closing of a valve may be
necessary to prevent an explosion due to excess oxygen. Since
there is no friction when the aluminum foil moves into the elec-
trostatic field of the condenser, the instrument requires little
repair. Its defects are that it is a low resistance instrument
and the magnets are not of uniform .strength.
b. An infra-red device for the measurement of t e carbon dioxide
content of a gas nee Enclosure (C) Sketch:
The gas to be analyzed is blown through the analyzer column,
while a gas containing no carbon dioxide, such as nitrogen, is
blown through the comparison column. Infra-red radiations pass
down through the gas in these columns into the measuring chambers
beneath. These measuring chambers are filled with pure carbon
dioxide (the gas to be determined in the test sample). Since
some of these radiations are absorbed by the carbon dioxide in
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oonneoted.b&tween thiese chamb'ers'. The radiati.onp re, gutp rtipted?'
by a moving shutter,- and-'the' resulting varia';tiops in to toTturey,:
turn produces a change in the o'apaoity of ? , "e membr ne,; and rxs'e
ing chambers ?causers a resultant` pressure differential; -k~i h.dn
_3_
the analyzer c'o1unlh ' andd`none- by the 'gas ?z.n the compariaou;.columnI','
the temperatuite wi'l'l 'be 'higher in' the measuring chamber; tzer Bath,
the comparison' column "This temporature difference in t b 1neaSur-
and pre.ssure ? cause arr alternatin;'voltage to be impo.s~ a,~qn. txt~rr4::._
direct vpltage'~of' the condenser. this .alteirnatiig voltage t iCs ti ''
rectified, `amplified,' and read directly:oxi a,vgltmeer which is
calibrated i?n 'peroentage of carbon dioxide.""
o. Apparatus f.or,te"sti;:ig the ignition lag "o'f' rocket fuels
closure (ltfs
tests, one . cc o f 9 8 ' percent nitric acid we.s , dropped at, one time
from a special pipette into approximately the same amoupt.:of.~ t 't
ti
fuel placed ,t in", an` -open dish. The drop of. eci..;,passed through- a
beam of light:-focused on a photoelectric oe11, wh.oh was connected
to an oscillograph The passage of the drop and th?,:resultin, ;'
flash of the fuel appear as two pipe on the ;straight line;, producdd<
by the light` beam on the screen of the oscilloscope. 11 se.corid
or time reference line is also prodh.ced. at the same time..-bar
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tuning fork.' an "A" 0r an Hate),? hi;eh :activateasara"
induction coil attached to"'the `osoi1160cope,,, Thi,s,,;line has ~ab.ourb-1
1000 vibrations per is"econd and is kept constant, by the. vibrating
tuning fork. . Both lines are recorded on a photographic films whici "
runs in front `of the ?screen"at the rate of about .5 ft,,per';.aeoo .
By comparing the ? itwo " lines, ,ie`, by countin . the number of ~vibra- .,5;
tions on the,-time 'reference line lying botw9en tthe twa
pit ss an k: ~
. ,
the line p~rodiieed by - the`i light beam, the ignition d lay. can bye?-k
calculated= to an a'ecuracy of 0.001 of a second,.., A good ~ fuel ,had`',
an ignition 'lag ? of about .015' of a ` second;. About-, ogo third of C
the sample '.. fuels:-Itested consisted of a raix1uxo. of beusol ,con hw,7x
i.ng catechol (Bren2fcatcdhin) in solution. Tiese s,qlutj4z1e; ws i"
pale amber-An coolor, however, I do not "9,4 the amount of `.oateohol'
they contained. >!.The benzol=catechol samples t4est6d,.abo red:;a,.Iovior
ignition tune than the shines, but this may, shave b;e,on duel to ,tlie r
poor quality of the `aminesavailable'.at that time.. Altogether
80 or 90 sample fuels vvere tested in some 30Q to; 400 testes. ` LIY. "
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d. Ultra-viol?t,..X-ray a'ndi?radioaotive sensitive mcasi rang instru 25X1X
ments
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, ote and Sliortagee
The Soviets do not make high grade precision instruments, nor are
they made in the Soviet Zone of Germany. For-practical purposes, the
Soviet Zone, can now be considered as part of the U,SSR., and .shortages.
in , t:he o'ne.;area are likely to be reflected in the other. They Iera u J.
- ig instruments were nearly all taken. rr 25X1X
fi-eua e... some which had been snanuiaature Rb
East, Zone : _an'd, also some Soviet-made instruments. The oldsi Soviet,.:
instruments, made under US patents were fair in quality. newer
Soviet, instruments, made mostly in Plant,288 at Leningrad riwere gg~en-
erally of rather low quality when compared to the instruments used
at Leuna.'. The latter were made exclusively by I e,actmann and %:'64wt, G~.
Zrankf rt a M, or produced at Leuna. The. main reasons far ' he?, ,uali,ty
o'f -.'the : inetrume nta available to the. Soviets can be summarized ae
Scarcity of competent oraftemens The Soviet scientific and tech-
nioal ;personnel are well-versed in scientific theory,:.-but there
is & great scarcity of skilled craftsmen to do the actualwork.
either because the individual parts were assembled wrong; dr be-
cause they did not fit properly. In the Soviet .f aot irfe ran m n "
workers were utilized who frequently had no teohnioa :.t.r Sirs
or any knowledge of the principles necessary to do i i$''o .cad
work.:. Even where good measuring instruments are ,ors, ,a191:,, a'
most difficult problem remain' in making the pro.pex r uneO to to the main switchboard, which may be .hundreds of , e t away:.,from
the- instruMent itself. In large chemical plantsikeeu e4 "wheree
connections have been added over a period? of many years, ;the ;prob-
=lemp ,of, this nature have a very direct off sot on `tie' product .;
There are. certain delicate tasks that neither the S.oviets,;no
even this Germans of the East Zone can. perform. `or exa
etrumente,which require the soldering of gold bands, pia smell as
0.0170,02 mm thick and placed 1 mm apart to serve ae' eleOtrical,
'- conductors attached to 'moving coils, can be supplied 0nly b
~ iertsann and Braun in Frankfurt. The Soviet train ng in ilectron-
o tne:.wc~rk~aon at GIPKh were able to repair an osq~. l'Qgra n,
wile, ,none at . the Leuna plant were able,to d 'thie se IS rro
Inability to produce iastruments.hav.ng a high ohm reeietanoes
Soviet measuring instruments operate on low Oh*, f,
s.t;rnments~with more than 209-300 Ohm reeistanoe.,' teult is
e.' end, variation in Soviet instruments is aro d one- or
eyed ..two percent, whereas high grade German inStritmozv s need in
a4vax ced research, have only a 0.2% variation. ". If, :tdv example,
an instrument of 100 Ohm resistance is connected"with a? thepmo-
i64F. ar'one
e- ement of nickel, one may have ,a one percent vaiiat
'c. Low quality of thermo-couples s?
froffi the value recorded by the use of a standard wre., #Ar. large
--formerly I G Farben required a precision of.'?.l pbroent'ar&riatlon
'scale production it is absolutely necessary to always have. ?xaotly..
the same wire, or the whole production will become ' `*on..u iform due
,degree,,error.in the temperature being.measured.
25X1X
25X1X. there was great difficulty in procur-
.;, .ing he right kind of wire for conductor wires or thereto couples.
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to, incorrect temperatures. The problem of,: uniform wi*e=` is quite
.serious when it is remembered that some hund.red.turuaoi~e may be
,,praduoing at the same time, or when you cgnaider=the fact that
over the years thousands of meters of wire have beena'adtled and
that the :temperature measurements are, based ox ,.a fiud quality
of ;wire. Good wiring material i sed to .came to. Lea4a'tfhrom a fe,c-
tgTy in Herne, Westphalia, in the British $$ono? ". Gezi ,ny. Now
-,Aha,t, this material is no longer obtainablef:.;the."Lein people
,.brave ?t:o resort to makeshift solutions.. They havea ate,
La~q,, the expanding agents. they also make glass - thermometers of
e., $hortage of good springs and bearings: No steel sprls, -tote LA-
.
strumeulta_, are made in the USSR. They do make br.onaa (atatguss
coil springs, but these contain copper and zinc, 4.Ad are not
;, reeietant to ammonia and other chemicals, and.,heno+.are of'lim-
ited use only. the SovietC,.were Planning, 25X1 X
steel;. Piing production,
that the machine and measuring instruments plant of Schaeffer
and Budenberg, SAG, Magdeburg, would be the logical place. Moat
of the Soviet instrument's, like the German., have moving coils
which are attached to an axis', supported by agate bearings.
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thetio bearing stones, or plant for cutting such p'~$a9AVf y In the
USSR, nor do I know the source of the bearing staatoa Leh ar
now used in the USSR. they are probably es9u1?iz them
from Bitterfeld. 25X1X
sent to Idar,-Oberstein for cutting. I do not 1n*W.9f a ?e -
bearing stones by means of an electric are, but the)' too WeTO'
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25X1X nearly all German stone bearings were autlA
Idar.Oberstein, northeast of Kaiserslautern. The Hartmann and
Braun instrument plant used to get their bearing stones from
Idar-Oberstein. Bitterfeld, in the Soviet Zone, , ayxttb ti'a`
40
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about 70 per--
cent Of the instruments available were from dismantled '49toriae ..n
the Soviet Zone, 25 percent were of US origin, and 5 Percent were, O
Soviet manufaoture. later, the same percentages appLie4, t $b*
German instruments were of new manufacture, having beeal,oduoed bb
w he ,Vaxi_0Us Soviet-controlled instrument plants at gdebuxg,-z
and Quedlinburg. (,Most of the former Soviet-contro.l04 fire, 340r-
incidentally' are, now referred to by a new name; for a F. le d+ep - o
liohe Geraetebau AG, Magdeburg"--State Instrument Xar4'afA#1t4'eF~-e'
indicates that they are state-owned, but does not spec y whethepD
"state" refers to the DDR or the USSRI)
On the older instruments the lettering on the name p ,a4 p.ue
In Latin or English characters; on the new ones, even wh" they
tra ermau factories, the lettering was in Russian. 25X1X
:for instance,, the :name plate on a galvanometer which 'born J14-
ecription "Poka2:ovieh Galvanometer Utikelen, Gereteba g4,0 r
( cording ;gal:vanometer, built-in), all in Russian let poR '
Russian letters were also used to express international 4te
as volts. aaperes, watts, etc, but the name plates nevar *tai 4
any plant name or serial numbers, except the plant numbepp`, # :h go
*Zaaod 28.8", which referred to an instrument plant in lpeaa.4np a4,
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The .I tit to _"had a quota for repairs., but it took aboit #.X
ffo a ;an I mt ment? which had to be sent out for repai t ws r-e
The vtiae 0 "black market repairs", that is outside at 9 .. .
lchaaniels,, strictly prohibited but extremely prevalent. gow@ I
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8. The Soviets have excellent State catalogs for measuring instruments.
There is one catalog for each category of instruments, such as thermo-
meters, voltmeters, and pressure gauges, These catalogs are more
complete than those we had in Germany, They show more standardized
and interchangeable instruments, while?the German equivalents showed
more. instruments with minor differences in size and construction.
German firms under Soviet control now build instruments shown in t e
Soviet catalogs in conformance with the Russian standard. le
25X1X a Soviet book on instruments which was used extensively at
the Institute, It contained a listing and description of all the
standard instruments produced by such firms as Foxboro,'Siemens,,
Schaeffer & Budenberg,, and others, this wag mostly 25X1X
a Russian copy or translati;ork of the a a con a ned in the'inetru?R
ment catalogs of these foreign firms,
Enclosures s
(g) measuring Instruments used in Large Chemical Plants
(B) Reproduced Pictures of Instruments used at GIPICh
(C) Sketch I ?Eleotronio Instrument for Chemical Analyses'
Sketch 2 Infra-red Device for Measuring Carbon'D~,oxide Content
ofaC#as
(A): Apparatus for Testing Ignition Lag of Rocket Fuels
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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS USED IN LARGE CHEMICAL PLANTS
Temperature Meters and Regulators
A. Types:
1. Telethermoweter--based on a manometer measuring device for use
up to +300 C-
2, Resistance thermometer with Wheatstone bridge circuit and
millivoltmeter or eleotro dynamometer reading (copper, nickel,
iron, and0platinum desistance wires used). Temperature range
from -200 C to +500 C.
Thermo-couples as follows:
Iron-constantan
up to 60000
Copper-constantan
up to 50000
Nickel-nickelchrome
up to 90008
Platinum-platinum rhodium
up to 1600 C
The reading is on a millivoltmeter, thermograph, compensa-
tion apparatus, or signal instruments.
Pyrometer and pyrido-pyrometer
Reading on a millivoltmeter and temperature range from 5000
to 3000?C.
5? Tune regulator (expansion principle)
8. Uses:
The instruments enumerated above were used in all large chemical
plants with the exception of those requiring special instruments
due to danger of explosions as, for example, in plants where
hydrogen is used. In these cases manometrical thermometers are
used, since they operate without electric impulses. All the above in-
-struments can e._-also ;:he: modified to operate as pneumatic or mechanical
regulators, and can be furnished with signal or alarm devices.
Measuring instruments, switchboards, auxiliary devices, etc, for
the above instruments 1 through 4 were manufactured and installed
by the following firms:
Hartmann & Braun
I C Eckardt'
Mangels
Schellhase & Co (GST)
Askania
Schaeffer & Budenberg
Siemens
Foxboro
Brown
Steinle & Hartung
IG Farben Plant Control Offices
II quantity Measuring Instruments and Regulators
A. Types:.
Frankfurt/Main
Stuttgart
Leipzig
Berlin
Berlin
Magdeburg
,Perlin
USA and
Soviet Union
Quedlinburg
Hoechst, etc
1. U-shaped manometers and flowmeters. These were made of glass
and operated up to 120 atm pressure (non-recorditi7).
ENCLOSURE (A)
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2. Level difference indicators. These were made of V2A steel,
with magnetic indicator, and operated up to 250 atm (non-
recording).
3. Ring manometers--low pressure type up to 6 atm; high pressure
type up to 700 atm. They measure liquids (including propane,
ammonia, eta), gas, steam, and other chemicals, provided they
are not corrosive and do not react explosively with the block-,
ing liquids in the instruments. These blocking liquids may
be oil, carbon tetrachloride, water, mercury, etc.
4. Pressure difference recorders:
a. Direct recording (sealing ring)
b. Magnetic transmittal
e. Inductive transmittal
d. Diaphragms for low pressure
(a, b, and c can be used up to 350 atm pressure. For liquids
flowing 3 l/h or gases flowing 30 1/h, use instruments as
under 3 above.)
Regulating shutters, regulating tubes, and venturi tubes are used
as throttling devices in conjunction with the above instruments,
depending upon the product to be measured. Armatures and connect-
ing lines must be installed carefully and accurately to assure
proper measuring control.
5.
Other quantity meters.
a.
Piston meters for liquids (app 30 cbm/h; supplied by
IC Eckardt, Stuttgart)
b.
Oval wheel meter
Bopp & Reuter)
for liquids (app 100
cbm/h; supplied by
c.
Woltmann meter fo
r liquids (supplied b
y Woltmann, Berlin)
d.
Gas meter (suppli
ed by Pintsch, Berlin
)
e.
Greefe meter and
transmission; sup
rota meter (floating
plied by IG Farben fo
lift with inductive
r own manufacture)
Use of these instruments same as for 3 above.
B. Manufacturers:
IG Farben (for own manufacture)
Bopp and Reuter
IC Eckardt
Junkers
Askania
Debro
Hartmann & Braun
Foxboro
Brown
ENCLOSURE (A)
Hoechst, Leuna, etc
Mannheim
Stuttgart
Dessau
Berlin
Stuttgart
Frankfurt
Soviet and
Soviet Union
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t11 Pressure Meters and ate ialators
A. Types:
1. Micromanometers from 0-10 mm H2O (also recording)
2. Manometer with diaphragm or membrane 0-30 kg/cm2
3. Manometer with Bordon spring, 0 to 1000 kg/cm2
4. Manometer with IG safety spring, 0 to 2000 kg/cm2
5. Pressure difference manometer
6. Vacuum manometer
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iIt ,4
(All above mentioned manometers can be built as instruments for
registering, recording, telereoording and signaling, as well as
for regulating.)
7. Air controlled manometer (manufactured by IG Farben)
8. Air controlled difference manometers (manufactured by IG
Farben)
Uses:
The manometers mentioned above can be used for almost all chemical
products and gases. If the gases or chemical products are aggres-
sive, intermediate membranes or blocking liquids or V2A armatures
must be used.
Special firms for the production of manometers are:
Askania Berlin
IC Eckardt Stuttgart
Schaeffer and Budenberg Magdeburg
IG Farben (for own manufacture) Leuna
Special firms for the production of vacuum recorders and regula-
tors:
Hartmann & Braun Frankfurt/Main
Askania Berlin
Schellhase and Co (GST) Berlin
Debro Stuttgart
IV f$ h Level Indicators and Regulators
A. Types:
1. Ring manometers using mercury and measuring up to 700 atm
pressure or 0 to 5 m of liquid.
2. Pressure difference meters which are automatic, magnetic,
and inductive, operating up to 350 atm with a liquid height
of0to10m.
. ENCLOSURE (A)
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3. Float recorder, z 1sa automatio, operating up to 25 atm;
liquid height of 10 rmr.
4. Full float recorder with suspended spring (IG patent), and
with inductive indication on millivoltmeter reading, with
liquid height up to 3 m.
Pressure difference meters niade of V2A with magnetic trans-
mittal.
6. Pfleidorer.tube (for boiler houses)
7. Indicators (stationary) .pith photocell and inspection glass,
operating up to 250 atm.
D. Uses:
All pressure meters can be installed as instruments for register-
ing, alarming, recording and regulating. With corrosive products,
the same precautions should be used as mentioned in III B above.
These instruments are used to measure the same products as indi-
cated in II A 3 above. For liquid gases, eg, propane, ammonia,
eto,. the floats should be in the container of the product which
is measured, since boiling of the liquid can lead to large errors
in measurement.
Manufacturers of the above instruments are as listed under II B.
Most of the pressure meters, however, were manufactured in the
Control Shops of the IG Farben plants.
V ,1n alyeisT Instruments
A. Types, uses, manufacturers:
1. Oxygen measuring instruments and recorders
0-1 , and 0-8% 02 in N2, H20 C02
The gas sample is passed over a catalyst which causes the
oxygen to combine with some other element, and the temperature
increase is peasured by a thereto-battery (crude measurement).
2. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen measuring instruments
Instruments in 1-3 above have only 20-30 seconds recording delaye
and recorders, for gas mixtures containing 0-0.1% 0 (same 2 as above, except that the heat determination is by a Wheat-
stone bridge. Sensitive measurement.)
Oxygen measuring instrument for mixtures of 0-1% and 0-100%
oxygen in almost all gases including acetylene, but not in
nitrous oxide. The measuring principle is a magnetic recorder
of a Wheatstone bridge (ring chamber method.).
4. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide,
and hydrogen measuring instruments on a mechanical or volu-
metric basis for measuring mixtures from 0-3% and from 0-100%
t of these gases. The analysis of these gases is based on their
combustion and resulting absorption, then measuring the decrease
in volume. These instruments are used in all oases where the
speed of recording is not essential, as the recording delay is
2.5 to 3 minutes.
ENCLOSURE (A) SIiCRET
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5. Hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide measuring in-
struments. From 0-1% and from 0-20% of the above oonstitu-
ents of thc; gas to be analyzed. These instruments operate
on the principle of the heat conductivity of the gas to be
analyzed in comparison with that of air. Manufacturing
firms are IG Farben, Siemens, Hartmann & Braun, Askania.
These instruments are used mainly in boiler houses and for
fuming gases, as well as for determining hydrogen in the
ammonia synthesis process.
IIras gas recorder (infra-red recorder). This is mainly for
measuring carbon monoxide in concentrations of 0-0.1%.~ The
measuring principle is based on the absorption of infra-red
radiations by carbon monoxide. It is used in almost all
technical and synthetic gas analysis and is manufactured by
IG Farben, Pollux in Ludwigshafen, and Hartmann & Braun in
Frankfurt AM.
Density recorder for gases (IG). These are of two types;
those with electric valve control (IG, Leuna) and those
with mechanical valve control (IG Oppau). The Measuring
principle is based on the speed at which the gas goes through
a narrow tube as compared to that of air through a similar
tube. The recording delay is about two minutes and there is
considerable interference if the gases are not pure.
C. Density reoorder,for gases. This is based on the principle
of the lift on a glass sphere floating inside an upright
glass tube through which the gas is passing. The recording
is achieved through a magnetic coupling. It is used with
almost all gases provided the base gas keeps its gaseous
form at normal outside temperatures. It can also be used
as an analysis recorder. These instruments are manufactured
by Pollux, Ludwigshafen,
pH meter recorder
Measuring principle:
a. with standard antimony electrode directly on high
resistance millivoltmeter
be with glass electrode over compensation amplifier
It is used. for measuring the?'r8`entration in waste
waters, for boiler feed water purification, for control in
the production of catalysts, etc. These instruments are
manufactured by IG Farben (for their own. use) and by Hart-
mann & Braun (Frankfurt aM).
10. Concentration meter. These operate on the electric condue-
tivity between two electrodes and with an alternating current
bridge or photoelectric compensation apparatus to determine
the current. They are used for the preparation of salt
solutions, eta, and are manufactured by IG Farben (for their
own use.).
Ile Titration instruments (for example, instruments for titrating
sulphur trioxide), These instruments depend for their opera-
tion on the change of color produced as, for example, when
sulphur trioxide comes in contact with glucose and iodine solu-
tion to give a blue color. The color change is then trans-
initted by a photocell to a recording apparatus. These instru-
ments are manufactured by IG Farben (for their own use).
ENCLOSC RE. A CBS
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 251A
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
SECRET//ECURITY INFORMATION
-6-
12. Calorimeter (heat value recorder). The gas which is to be
measured is burned underneath a calorimeter and the heat
liberated is recorded by a thereto-battery submerged in water.
The difference in temperature between the incoming and out-
going water determines the heat value of the gas. This in-
strument is used to deterthine the heat values of almost all
combustible gases. It is manufactured by Junkers, Dessau.
VI Other Measuring Instruments and Regulators
The following measuring instruments are special instruments which
are manufactured by IG Farben, Leuna, in small quantities only, and
which may show certain differences in the individual pieces.
Dosing devices for liquids
Automatic analypers
Steam pressure recorders
Thrust recorders
Drop counter with photocell
Density meters with photocell (for liquids)
If desired, almost all measuring instruments can be remodeled as
registering, recording, alarm, telereoording, or regulating instru-
ments.
VIT Comments on the Installation of Instruments
Themost'seri'ous mistakes in the technology of measurements develop
through faulty. installation. Therefore', the directing engineer must
be.:a well-experienoed man in, electric thereto-measuring installation,
in-order-to handle short circuit of the measuring lines caused by
moisture and/or acidic air; faulty contacts due to corrosion; contact
reeistanoe ; defective switches; eta. He must also have enough ex-
pertence with mechanical measuring instruments to be able to correct,
leaks in the measuring lines and valves; wrong placement of the slid-
ing throttle valves; explosions due to unsuitable tubing material;
faulty placement of the measuring lines in the use of quantity meters
such as flow 1:10; wrong sealing; corrosion; etc.
ENCLOSURE ($)
SECRET
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Approved, For Release 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6 25X1 A
SECRETS BCURiTY INFORMt TION
Aluminum 'Pio e
Copper wire Spiral GaAs
Elecironi a
Am,Iifier_ .:_
G-.-d,
ReIO.Aj
'S~ ET`C`N
Eleotronio Instrument for Chemical, Analyses
Synchronous Mokor
Infrared source
Rotating Shutter
CO2 f ree ,-
Comparison
Anc sing_.. Chamber
Meaasurin chamber
10070 C ;
Membrane Condenser
Amplifier 4 Rectifier
Instrument (reads 4rec Iy
in percent )
KETCH 2
in n ra+-xed Devioe
ENCLOSURE (C)
for the Measurement of the Carbon Dioxide Content of a
Gas
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
SECRET/SECUR'TY INFORMATION
25X1A
4HeLo -D
c
a
d
y
Hla
(Cal
ar, F p
L- `Iht beam to
-e
T - lgnit+on time
Pd~ern-rorn ~hoib_C,Icctnc Coil:
T;rpioal Film Pattern
(no scale)
~s-- dror Passing +hru. light bears
sta- t o4 'Ignition
Apparatus for Testing the Ignition Lag of Rocket Fuels
ENCLOSURE (D)
Efec~ric rno+or driuev,
Two emiter Co,4k~de g Tube 3Svnv Movie Co,meroa.
p 1 etroma.gnet
Iron S4opper
Reber Tube
dlasc. Pipe
ss7voitric Reid
04diber
film '% an.,
~olutch ~ ;.
(e
er
wr efl
l f
t $
v
as
pe
.
Fue
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Abb. 20. Tragbare Gerate. a HolzggeltUle Von n. a D. o r~r~a,,,,,.g?, `~? - ? ???
e Sietsllgehluse on Weston, d Preliatodgehause der AEG. a Prv0sto g ,rose von 3. t H.
t Montage-Inalrument in Prehetofgehause on S. & H.
Abb. 102. Mellwerk wit mittel-
barer Kontaktgabe durcb Mo-
tor (H. t B.-kegler). 1 Mel-
werkzeiger. S UruckstU k. S
Fallbaget, d Symebronmotor,
5 11benebunggee~gCatrtebe, 6 Kur-
tenacbefbe 7'1'ragarm. S Mel
~sabtL U 6[arle? ark*t
thrnpp). abcha9tuag 2'~ 1~ermoNesraat, E Norna'element, O Nullgalrnnomeut,
t Batterie, At Retidwldarataad. 8 Schletteadrabtapannu.egeteile~r. Ra a Ra Wi4entaede.
b oed o Macbaniscitee AuatUbraa`` der A6lgtelehvorricbiun 1 :3 eentaden. J itreh& ri.
S Zeigepr do Nellinstruareth, A Fallbage1. S 8egaaJege 6 Abtaatbebei. 7 Aetrl.b.we11 ! ll-
ceaacbeibea, S Kappluepbebel, 10 Lupplneggaarad. &mit, teat ?erbeo~. - J-? ri ,,t-~t?`?
epaeeanga'teilar 8 in e
"Micromax" nine Recorder balancing Device;
aleac+e2001/ 18102 ? f`IAf1D ~f2fY'I~l7A f1tl lfSff 19f1AA I_6
Portable Apparatus with Metal, Wood, and Compressed Cases
ENCLOSURE (B)
Page T of 6
 A-r ~'t1. BaiosetereenlrrkK
~ei-M Iaapwatyonsscbattna~.
Bolometer Amplifier (without
Compensation Switch)
Automatic Photocell
Compensator Switch
A--. M. (iukonsaatratioa~saaeer. ? Y.Nieek OR 4 itsAkaaaern uad Gaetnbruai.S
irIbtr. t VvfidehsdrIbte b Brgckeasehaltaag. I and t Ues- bsw. VergMlck.detht !! Sease
a $ oae-Anse teterdt, d Suena eter. 5 itegdwidsrstand. d Battaria ter 4" Hdsstroo t.
7 Sc-kitdrahtw4Mntaad tttr FeinaEttaieimS.
Cae Concentration Measuring Egt.tipment
pproved For Release 2001/08/02 CIA.RDP81-01028R0001001200( k5 2 of
(B)
6
 Approved
,p e 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP81-
7 7
\LI, 1-i: Tcli*nrnd tines ?~omlr,?m.,ii+nr
:,cdu+?ilrrrwere gen-
etally of rather low quality when compared to the instruments used
at Leuna. The latter were made exclusively by Hartmann Arid Braun 4.G,
Frankfurt a lid, or produced at Leuna. The main reasons "`for the : uelity
-,of .the instruments available to the. Soviets; can be summ rized a's - ,o1; ;"...
lows
a. Scarcity of competent craftsmen: The Soviet scientific and tech-
nioal,personnel are well-versed in scientific theory1;;but,there
is ; a great scarcity of skilled craftsmen to do the actual, work.`;'...,
25X1X had frequent trouble in mounting iuetrt gei?f;.si
either because the individual parts were assembled wro2tg, O be..
cause they did not fit properly. In the Soviet ,factdries vr.dMon
workers were utilized who frequently had no teohn1oa rai .ttg
or any knowledge of the principles necessary to do r#-a a,-'s.
work,i,lators
A. Types:
1. Micromanometers from 0-10 mm H2 0 (also recording)
2. ILsnometer with diaphragm or membrane 0-30 kg/cm2
3. Manometer with Bordon spring, 0 to 1000 kg/cm2
4- Manometer with IG safety spring, 0 to 2000 kg/cm2
5. Pressure difference manometer
6." Vacuum manometer
(All above mentioned manometers can be built as instruments for
registering, recording, telerecording and signaling, as well as
for regulating.)
7. Air controlled manometer (manufactured by IG Farben)
8. Air controlled difference manometers (manufactured by IG
Farben)
Be Uses:
The manometers mentioned above can be used for almost all chemical
products and gases. If the gases or chemical products are aggres-
sive, intermediate membranes or blocking liquids or V2A armatures
must be used.
Special firms for the production of manometers are:
Askania Berlin
IC Eckardt Stuttgart:
Schaeffer and Budenberg Magdeburg
IG Tarben (for own manufacture) Leuna
Special firms for the production of vacuum recorders and regula-
tors:
Hartmann & Braun Frankfurt/Main
Askania Berlin
Schellhase and Co (GST) Berlin
Debro Stuttgart
IV High Level Indicators and Re lators
A. Types:
1. Ring manometers using mercury and measuring up to TOO atm
pressure or 0 to 5 m of liquid.
2. Pressure difference meters which are automatic, magnetic,
and inductive, operating up to 350 atm with a liquid height
of 0 to 10 m.
ENCLOSURE (A).
SECRET
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6 25X1A
}'J 1J 0. 1. ,j. .
LTL/ F.l
A 1NFV ION
A eL 'q,
rec:olpie l~ o autc,~.:itia, operating up to 25 atm;
3. Float
liquid height o.l, 10 M.
4. Full float recorder with suspended spring (IG patent), and
with inductive indication on zemillivoltmeter reading, with
liquid height up to 3
5. Pressure difference meters made of V2A with magnetic trans-
mittal.
6. Pfleiderer tube (for boiler houses)
7. Indicators (stationary)'ith photocell and inspection glass,
operating up to 250 a.tm .
13. Uses:
All pressure meters can be installed as instruments for register-
ing, alarming, recording and regulating. With corrosive products,
the same precautions should be used as mentioned in III B above.
These instruments are used to measure the same products ? as indi-
cated in I"I A 3 above. For liquid gases, eg, propane, ammonia,
eta, the floats should be in the container of the product which
is measured, Since bailing of the liquid can lead to large errors
in measurement.
Manufacturers of the above instruments are as listed under II B.
Most of the pressure meters, however, were manufactured in the
Control Shops of the IG Farben plants.
V JknalyeiB Instruments
A. Types, uses, ma.nufaotu.rers:
1. Oxygen measuring instruments and recorders
0-1 % and O-6 02 in N2, It2, C02
The gas sample is passed over a catalyst which causes the
oxygen to combine with some other element, and the temperature
increase is ;neasured by a thermo-battery (crude measurement).
2. Oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen measuring instruments
and recorders, for gas mixtures containing 0-0.1% 02 (same
as above, except that the heat determination is by a Wheat-
stone bridge. Sensitive measurement.)
Oxygen measuring instrument for mixtures of O-l% and 0-100%
oxygen in almost all gases including acetylene, but not in
nitrous oxide. The measuring principle is a magnetic recorder
of a Wheatstone bridge (ring chamber method.).
Instruments in 1-3 above have only 20-30 seconds recording delay.
4. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide,
and hydrogen measuring instruments on a mechanical or volu-
metric basis for measuring mixtures from 0-3% and from 0-100%
of these Eases. The analysis of these gases is based on their
combustion and resulting absorption, then measuring the decrease
in volume. These instruments are used in all cases where the
speed of recording is not essential, as the recording delay is
2.5 to 3 minutes.
ENCLOSURE (A) Sk:CRET
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 25X1A
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
SEC.UET/SECUIITY INFORM&TION
5. Hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide measuring in-
struzrlents. From 0-1% and from 0-20% of the above constitu-
ents of the gas to be analyzed. These instruments operate
on the principle of the heat conductivity of the gas to be
analyzed in comparison with that of air. Manufacturing
firms are 10 Farben, Siemens, Hartmann & Braun, Askania.
These instruments are used mainly in boiler houses and for
fuming gases, as well as for determining hydrogen in the
ammonia synthesis process.
Uras gas recorder (infra-red recorder). This is mainly for
measuring carbon monoxide in concentrations of 0-O.l%. The
measuring principle is based on the absorption of infra-red
radiations by carbon monoxide. It is used in almost all
technical and synthetic gas analysis and is manufactured by
IG Farben, Pollux in Ludwigshafen, and Hartmann & Braun in
Frankfurt a.M.
Density recorder for gases (IG). These are of two types;
those with electric valve control (IG, Leuna) and those
with mechanical valve control (IG Oppau). The measuring
principle is based on the speed at which the gas goes through
a narrow tube as compared to that of air through a similar
tube. The recording delay is about two minutes and there is
considerable interference if the gases are not pure.
8. Density recorder.for gases. This is based on the principle
of the lift on a glass sphere floating inside an upright
glass tube through which the gas is passing. The recording
is achieved, through a magnetic coupling. It is used with
almost all gases provided the base gas keeps its gaseous
form at normal outa.de temperatures. It can also be used
as an analysis recorder. These instruments are manufactured
by Pollux,.Ludwigshafen.
9. pH meter recorder
Measuring principle:
a. with standard antimony electrode directly on high
resistance millivoitmeter
be with glass electrode over compensation amplifier
It is used for measuring the?'r8P'entration in waste
waters, for boiler feed water purification, for control in
the production of catalysts, etc. These instruments are
manufactured by 1G Farben (for their own use) and by Hart-
mann & Braun (Frankfurt aM).
100 Concentration meter. These operate on the electric conduc-
tivity 'between two electrodes and with an alternating current
bridge or photoelectric compensation apparatus to determine
the current. They are used for the preparation of salt
solutions, etc, and are manufactured by IG Farben (for their
own use).
Ile Titration instruments (for example, instruments for titrating
sulphur trioxide). These instruments depend for their opera-
tion on the change of color produced as, for example, when
sulphur trioxide comes in contact with glucose and iodine solu-
tion to give a blue color. The color change is then trans-
mitted by a photocell to a recording apparatus. These instru-
ments are manufactured by IG Farben (for their ,own use).
ENCLOSURE . (A) SECRET
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 25X1A
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
-6-
12. Calorimeter Cheat value recorder). The gas which is to be
measured is burned underneath a calorimeter and the heat
liberated is recorded by a thereto-battery submerged in water.
The difference in temperature between the incoming and out-
going water determines the heat value of the gas. This in-
strument is used to determine the heat values of almost all
combustible gases. It is manufactured by Junkers, Dessau.
VI Other Measuring Instruments
The following measuring instruments are special instruments which
are manufactured by IG Farben, Leuna, in small quantities only, and
which may show certain differences in the individual pieces.
Dosing devices for liquids
Automatic analypers
Steam pressure recorders
Thrust recorders
Drop counter with photocell
Density meters with photocell (for liquids)
If desired, almost all measuring instruments can be remodeled as
registering, recording, alarm, telerecording, or regulating instru-
ments.
VIZ Comments orcarthe InsTtallationw of InstrumentsT
rrr~A siwsim i w.. r i - ~ a -? s ~ .
The-most serious mistakes in the technology of measurements develop
through faulty installation. Therefore, the directing engineer must
be..a well,experienced man in electric thereto-measuring installation,
In-order to handle short circuit of the measuring lines caused by
moisture and/or acidic airs faulty contacts due to corrosion; contact
resistance; defective switches; etc. He must also have enough ex-
perience with mechanical measuring instruments to be able to correct
leaks in the measuring lines and valves; wrong placement of the slid-
ing throttle valves; explosions due to unsuitable tubing material;
faulty placement of the measuring lines in the use of quantity meters
such as flow 1:10; wrong sealing; corrosion; etc.
RKCLO$ RR (A)
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Approved. For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6 25X1A
SECRTU/SECURITY INFORMATION
Aluminum plate
copper wire Spiral Co11s
Elec{tonic
AmrlXier.. . _
ate..
Relu.
51TCH i
Electronic Instrument for Chemical, Analyses
Synchronous Mokor
Infrared source
Rotating Shutter
Membrane Condenser
Amplifier 4 Rectifier
Instrument (reads atrec ly
in percent )
--SKe--r CH 2
An n ra-red D ice for the Measurement of the Carbon Dioxide Content of a
Gas
ENCLOSURE (C)
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
SECRET/SECU-.i.'TY INFORMATION
~'m-- dror Passing +hru, light beam
25X1A
L = time taken ' b drop ~'o pass frorr~
light beam to 1-each Fuel. (C41cWate
T \gnition time .
PdA-4ern from 6elt',
. Pa++crr -;-om Tuning Fork- Circut
Typical Film Pattern
(no scale)
ENCLOSURE (D)
Electromagnet
~On S~lopper
Rubber Tube
1m0t0sc Pipe6
9 8 % lJ j+ C Acid
Lens
Fuel Test Speumen-
I -=4 1
- --J-- Elec}ric rno+or driuevi
Two emit+er Co,4k de R& Tube 35vni , Movie, Camara,
Apparatus for Testing the Ignition Lag of Rocket Fuels
~-- stcu of ignition
Approved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDF581-01028R000100120001-6
 Al b. 20. Tragbarr- Geriile. a Hol2pa1,auva von H. & B. b Preaet,.ffg, Ithu,e von H. & B.
c \tetellgehAure von Wevton. d Preretoffgehduae der AEG. e FreEeto g, hontsc von S..k H.
outage-In,iruno nt ir; PreGetufg--hau?? con S. & H.
with Metal., Wood, and Compressed Cases
Abb. 102. Meawerk wit mittel-
barer Kontaktgabe durch Mo-
tor (H. & B.-Regler). I Idea-
werkzeiper, 2 DruckttU,k, S
Falibtget. 4 Synchronreotor,
venscheibe. 7 Tragarm. 8 Ya-
wqq~, Wio`et io I3 Gh
eihVt 11 EtaMetttwrri,
Indirect. Co:atac t Control A,,
e - g
A`r.b. 10's'. i, tstettarhrelber so tarsi A(M,o -,w ,-r fetter (.h+tikrJmLx i..:? e.
3t)rucke.perre, 4 Volummeter, 5 Ah perrohr,
L7, 8, h Robre, 1? ffio8{Ioeke, 11 Nchrelb-
bel, is! Zcllnder, 13 Tauchkolben, 14 An-
trle hehr1, 15 Schalthehel, 16 Queckellber-
tcha1ter, 17 Tlutenv6 if tihefilltkr, 18 3chau-
r'bhr, ` F tirun8dmtilter.
Recorer (D-.agramatic)
(~c~re atic) (Schematic)
ENCLOSURE (71)
ry ,.
 ng Balance
Abb,_?? bwinnncrdurclJh Lilt -r ntit
magnetlacher K ipplurg i thniti.
2lowmeter (Float Type) Recording Flowmeter
ALL uiit V, titin;i I,1 Itu{y~ .~ L' rrth~ rl.
lie ording 'lowine e' r (Venturi Type)
(Float Type )
xa ~?iI.i~ 1, Ilrn~ k.,?
n rile r (I, k i,lt).
ld rressure Recorder
.\) I ,:4 _1'~ [ K ,I l,ln i L_? I;,,ui ti i~ n Il rl j wati la~Ji t,-.LL~~L~s.- { ,,. 11 _:~.. / ~~ n~ l~i~~iii~-. ~i ?.
u ~ .u~ i!i~l~ r } itt . S I ttr ~ t , ! tniign~?t i.. I, 1 ~-rr~ i l p.
Approved it 0g fttzr C RDPua1-0(I 93$IaQQQQ 00120001-6
Ott E
sge Q of b
4/08/02: CIA-RDP8'1-01028R000100120001-6
 B61 ometer Amplifier (without
Compensation Switch)
25X1A
W
lib. lW ekes #M%tlstises Pbototelleako u.
pe~ealers U. T Tee[orm&tor, Z PJtetoeeile,
D Drsielsk e, ung, .4 t. v irwuometer,
rs rtiaipf+.
la as
Automatic Photocell
Compensator switch
d c 1 and ~swe"i~~il""~"nE6fe onsa-
t one-A'ase `ege t, 4 rommemeer ei derstd'na i BMMrJa Mr Yes H6iaeirom f.
7 Scbieltdra ~w~idue iilr Feiaali~~"e7 un$.
Gas Concentration Me6e'uririg Equipment
Approved For Release 2001/08/02: CIA-RDP81-01028R00010012p0Qt-6uRE (B)
gage 2 of 6
CIA-RDP81-01028R000100120001-6
 Apprc
ved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP
H b
fhb- I la. 6~mila nG~gra}thrn gnu I~n.t~I mit Il limns, I,,It inig. a unit ;,bl:rub It, It, tit ~tri -If( h,
1. mil Kiii Matt.
Compensating Graph Grown Type' a. Loving Band Type
b. Circular Type
kw..1]n. h(lt:illtiug ),-r myttu~~~grtt}iIuii natl Ahl'. Ili- 1 Nk;tla ' Slit ii ilul hit?r-9at t
1 lra htnril, 4 Z igrr, 5 Il ilrn. 6 Tlr?r ourrlrttn n t , 7 M t . ? r . .1 l i a t t , ? t i ~ . 9 Reltl l t ? 10 \Cerh-rl-
Dtromtu,tZ, 1 1 1 6 - Tr:mt t-,rntat or, V,' A rut ii rki?r.
Wiring Diagram of the above Compensating xraph
Six-bard Optical CFscilloGraph
25X1A
lld.. i'u. fi ~Rh:u .v Fatlu~.L n.Ii.tiJ-t!=zill..~~al?f.
I,,,i.ln.?L~i, m.~. nnu 0
Portable Cathode Ray Oscillo~raph
~Cerran Phillips)
E LOSURE )
pproved For Release 2001/08/02 : CIA-RDP81-01028R0001001P166 of 6
 Approved For Re eas ,2001/08/02
Foxboro Co p n OfW,
{ heel Ty ) s, w ,.
..(Sub erg `d
~ Y Type)
Approved For Release 2001/08/02: CIA-ROP81.-01028R000100120001=6
GNCL0SURL (8)
 Approved: For
P'St-,01
Al.b. 20, Ctagbare :erne a llotzgeli6uie ton If. fi B. h PreBetofIgOht.usc von 11:8 It.
c )lrtaIlgehliuaa von Vevton., d Pr. ?toff~ebiuie der AEG. a PreL tollg.?hhuse von 3. & H.
f 9lontage?In trumFnt n Pre4atoRgeheu von S. & H.
Abb 109,. Liptegschrelbar Ketw Mw er Ceder (?Mikromu? von Leeds & Nit-
'tbr?pp) a bchallustg. 2.%r 2larmeetegeet, N.E Normal element, 17 Null
galranomeur,
,.A Bacteria, Rs R widerataad? 8 &btal(andrabtspaneuagsteiler, Rs a Rs W.4erstaa.w.
b aid 4 11ec40iscbe AualULrumg der A iehvorrlcbtung. I ~psaataden, i Deska~te.
1 7.eippr do Nallloatruntenta, d tallbpz.L 5 lags, 6 Abtaatbebel, 7 A4tri.b.w?tt. r 1t.,:
reasckeiben. / jsppluapbebel, 20 applniprad, _damit, teat rerbans.: 6.? - 1, ..t...tir.^ .
in
tine Re
Ba
an
o de
~.a A
c
,
i
c
g Device)
el'ease:2001108102-: CIA-RDkgt1A8*0#6'$64'20.001-6
Abb. 102. Meliwerk wit mittel-
barer Koutakigabe durcb Mo-
tor (H. & B.-Refer). I Meg-
werkzeiger, 2 Druck,ttI 1, S
Fallbegel. 4 8ynchronmotor,
5 t7bersetaun etriebe, 6 Kur?
vanacbeibe 7 Tragarm. 8 Ms;-
v-aek, 1 Wi to 84,a1t
to
aa,-....
 Abb. 7!. Robml ie cel n~
(sham
Bolometer Amplifier (without
Compensation Switch)
~--. may, (}askeouatndonime