SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1953-1957)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00280R001300170010-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: October 25, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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MW W 71YB-n*a MM (39$3-1187)
Plans stn tvo o
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so 1, asuary-Februry
19540 Sofia, Pages 3-15
IMaT! ON 1U ZSCOM Fria-YSAR PLAY FOR TM Ds4UA!M& OF
to PROPIS'S RsPUBLIC or BULGARIA D113R1$G 1933-1957
The* Sixth Congress of the Bulgarian Coaunist Party noted
that the correct policies of the party and its broad organisational
work, the heroic and enthusiastic labor of the working class, the
workers, and the peasants, the enormous and selfless assistance
from the liberating USSR, and the cooperation with the people's
democracies all made porsible the fulfillment of the basic targets
for the first 4 years of the First live-Year Plan.
Great successes Lsve been scored in the industrialisation
of Eulgaria and in the socialist reconstruction of Bulgarian agri-
culture. From a backwa. I agrarian country Bulgaria has been trans-
toned into an industric\ and agricultural country.
fields of industry, t:...nportation, commerce, and in the credit
system. The capitalia -lass has been eliminated from the cities
and a consistent policy jf isolation and displacement is being
applied to :ns exploiting elements in the villages. The people's
rule has been further consolidated and the defense capabilities
of Bulgaria have been increased. the material and cultural stand-
ard of the population has been improved. The patriotic unity of
the woraoers continues to grow and consolidates their loyalty to
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.1100 of
awt c iJ' ..ad Us ':. y- -'? ~ :2? ~ '= t! main Otto,
the tommdations of socialism in Bulgaria has been filled is.
On the basis of the successes which have been achieved in
socialist construction during the First Five-Year Plan the Sixth
Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party has decided that during
the second Five-Year Plan a serious development of agriculture
must be assured, particular attention being paid to the liquida-
tion of the lag in animal husbandry; in industry the main effort
should he concentrated on the expansion of electrification and
coal production, the development of nonferrous metallurgy, and an
increase in the production of consumer goods.
The fulfillment of these aims will guarantee the continued
planned growth of the national economy and the successful building
of socialism in Bulgaria and will assure the fulfillment of the
main aim of the Second Five-Year Plan -- the sharp improvement of
the material and cultural well-being of the workers.
necessary.
1. Capital Investments
1. The total volume of capital investments during the
Second Five-Year Plan (1953-1957) shall be nearly double that for
the First Five-Year Plan. Capital investments for the various
branches of the national economy shall be increased relative to
the First Five-Tear Plan as follows: agriculture -- over 2.3
times; industry -- about 2 times, coal industry -- S times; elec-
trification -- 90 %; light and food industry -- over 2.2 times;
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traaspert and eammunicatioas -- about 30%; anl. education, caltaeia,
public health, and ooasaal needs -- about 2.7 tines, including a
3.7-fold increase in housing construction alone.
In addition capital investments by the -farm workers' ooop-
eratives during the Second Five-Tear Plan shall be nearly 3 times
the volume for the First Five-Tear Plan, and the necessary govern-
sent credits shall be merle available.
II. Industry
2. Total industrial production in 1937 shall be 60% higher
than that achieved in 1932. Production of the more critical goods
shall be increased as follows.
2.
Coal
so
3.
Electric motors
280
4.
Freight cars
600
3.
Tractor-drawn cultivators
u
6.
Tractor-drawn drills
59
7.
Nitrated fertilizers
60
S.
9.
Sulfuric acid
Cement
10.
Asbestome pipe
11.
Automobile tires
12.
Paper
13.
Metal kitchenware
14.
Ranges
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 it. Lather and rubber V 'eras
17. Cotton textiles
1$. tool textiles
18. at
20. Flab
21. Vegetable oils
22. Sugar
23. Canned vegetables
24. Canned fruit
3. Electric generating capacity shall be increased over 200%
during the five-year plan. The following large plants are to be
placed in operation: "Satak" Hydroelectric Power Plant with 30,000
kw; "Debrashtitsa" and "Aleko" hydroelectric power plants with a
total capacity of 68,000 kw; "Studen =ladenets" hlydroeiedtric Power
Plant with 60,000 kw; "tokalysne" and "Pasarel" hydroelectric
plants with a total capacity of 48,000 kw; and the "Stars Zagora"
hydroelectric Plant with 22,000 kw. The following expansions of
genersting capacity shall be completed: "Rep?iblika" and "tulko
Chervenkov" thermoelectric power plants -- 23,000 kw each, "Stalin"
Tberaoelectric Power Plant -- 50,000 kw; and "Diaitrovo" Thermo-
electric Power Plant -- 12,500 kw. Side-by-sire with the above
projects the construction of diesel electric stations shall be be-
gun and the construction of thermoelectric and hydroelectric plants
with small and intermediate capacities shall be studied, particu-
larly in the northern part of Sulgaria. Some reserve generating
capacity shall be created. During the five-year plan operation of
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 all existing transmission mad distribution networks and traaa-
former substations shall be improved by the installation at the
necessary protective equipment and the quality and regularity of
the supply of power to the consumers shall likewise be improved.
Construction of the integrated power grid shall be completed and
the following okrugs shall be included in the grids Burgas, Stalin,
Ruse, and tolarovgred. To make this possible about 2,OtoO kw of
long-distance transmission lines shall be built, chief among which
are the following: Dimitrovgrad -- Burgas, Oorna Oryskhovitsa --
Raagrad, Polyanovgrad -- Devgya -- Tolbukhin, and Solarovg-ad --
Devnys.
4. Coal production shall be expanded so follows: lignites --
2.7 times, brown coal -- 80%, black coal -- 2.5 times, aad anthra-
cite -- 2 Lions. During the next five-year plan lignites shall be-
come one of the basic industrial fuels in Bulgaria. In order to
assure the continued growth of coal production the capacity of the
Diaitrovo field shall be expanded. At the same time the develop-
ment of the Sobov Doi, Pirin, and black Sen brown coal fields shall
be aocelerated. Production of lignite coal shall be increased by
the opening of new mines in the Maritsa-rest amt Sofia coal fields.
The technical and economic evaluation of the feasibility of util-
ising coal from the Maritsa-Bast field shall be accelerated with a
view toward completing construction and starting operettas of a
mine in that field before the end of the fin-year plan. New mines
shall be opened in the Balkan Mountains black coal field. The
mechanization of heavy labor consuming underground mining processes
shall be intensified and the following targets shall be set: by
1957 90% of all preparation amt S5B of all clearing work shall be
mechanised; loading operations shall be mechanised as follows:
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 toe pnparatUCO wo* t a s an tb.
isprove the quality of the coal new scramming imstallatioss shall
he constructed at the nines and the central coal yreparatiem pleat
in Oisltrovo shall be operated at full capacity.
S. In order to assure the development of pnlpriaa ferrous
and nonferrous metallurgy during the five-year plan the following
production facilities shall be built: operation of the lad and
Zinc Plant shall be started, the "Lenin" Metallurgical Plant shall
be expanded, and construction of a copper smelting plant shall be
started with a view toward starting operation of the plant by 1936.
Production of cast iron shall be increased 15 tines, of rolled
steel -- 10 times, and of lead about 3.3 times.
6. Geological exploration work shall be expanded on a large
scale in order to secure for the Bulgarian national economy the
necessary commercial and long-range reserves of ores, coal --
particularly coking coal -- petroleum, and natural gas. Ccmmer-
offal reserves of lead and zinc ores shall be increased about 4
tines, iron ores -- over 20 times, and copper ores -- over 6 times.
Coal reserves shall be increased as follows: black coal -- over
60 times, anthracite -- over 40 times, brown coal -- 46x, and lig-
nites -- 43%. The necessary commercial reserves of petroleum shall
be established for the development of petroleum production in Bul-
garia. Exploration work for the purpose of discovering new natural
 of on concentrates shall be increased as follow; lead - US.
sine - PO%, pyrites 90%, and copper -- 3.5 time (all figures
relative 1952). To meet these targets new mines shall be opened
and ore preparation facilities shall be expanded.
flaring the five-year plan production of the following items
shall continue to be expavWJed: fare machinery, pumps, power gsa-
erating and transport equipment, and Construction and mining
equipment and installations. Production of the following items
shall be catered and developed: tractor-drawn combines and bar-
vssters, drilling equipment for a penetration to 500 ^, and other
equipment required by Bulgarian agriculture and the mining and
construction industry.
A plant for automotive and tractor spare parts shall be oon-
struoted. Existing machine-building enterprises shall be expanded
and their production shall be concentrated. Thus the "Georgi
Dialtrov" plant in Ruse shall be reorganihed for the exclusive
production of farm machinery sad ape" parts, the Sofia Machine
Plant -- for the production of metal cutting machines and spare
parts, the "Stalin" Plant in Dimitrovo -- for the production of
mining equipment and spare parts, and the "tservena ivosda" ['led
star") Plant in Debelets village -- for the production of construc-
tion aquipmsat and spare parts. Measures shall be carried out for
the integration of machine-building plants.
Pruductica of spare parts, particularly for farm machinery,
shay be increased about Z tines and a decisive improvement in
their quality asst be achieved.
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9. fsda.itloa of tie cMssic.?.l undue try by 1957 shall be
to t. oration the Xi s?. .z" Soda Plant and the Penicillin Plant.
CCoaatructica shall be begun on plants for the production of arti-
ficial fibers, cellulose by the sulfite process, and copper sul-
fate. The expansion of the capacity of the "Stalin" Chemical Cca-
bine, Dimitrovgrad, shall be tebun. Toccage production of calcined
soda, caustic soda, and penictlllin shall be started, and production
of nitrated fertiliser, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, colophons, and
other chemicals shall be expanded.
Prick products n shall bu increased at least 38%, lime pro-
duction -- 99%, and production of tiles -- 50%. Production of pre-
fabricated concrete structures for the construction industry shall
be expa&'), a new cement plant with 300,000 t capacity shall be
placed in .oration, and constructioa of c plaa.a scar the production
of fireproof materials shall be completed.
Now facilities for the production of bricks, tile, and live
shall be built with a view toward assuring the main ocaatructioc
sectors wit? a supply cd local construction materials and avoiding
their long-distance hauling and stockpiling.
11. Productiot of lumber in 1957 shall be about 47% higher
than to 1932
 the five-year plan the oats is hardwood district- shall be in-
creased at the gyresw of the cuts in softwood districts. Some
450 ka of new forest roads shall be built, chiefly in hardwood
districts and areas not easily accessible. Mechanization in the
lumber indiatry shall meet the following targets: cutting opera-
tions -- 3fl%, and for the transport of the logs to the temporary
stcrs,o rsreas -- about 25%. Some of the lumber working enter-
prises shall be dismantled and reassembled in the hardwood dis-
tricts. Utilization of hardwood lumber in the construction in-
dustry and other branches of the national economy shall be expanded
in order to improve lumber conservation, particularly of softwood.
The utilization of mining scaffolds and ferroconcrete supports by
the mining industry shall be expanded and the utilization of ia-
pregnated material in the construction of packing cratos shall be
introduced in agriculture.
Production of textiles by 1957 shall bo at least 45% higher
than in 19S:t, that of glazed pottery 75%, of glass products 200%,
and of rub at 90%.
trated on .-goring the quality and variety of cotton, wool, and
silk texti'-a and tricot products, which are in greatest demand.
The finish,. g and dying of wool textiles shall be improved, shrink-
age of cotton and silk fabrics after washing shall be reduced, and
the durability of the fabrics shall be increased.
 All existing installations, foieulatioss, steadardso mad
processes shall be reviewed systematically and oorrecteu ware
neoessary. The introduction of high-efficiency production equip-
sat and of equipment fir the diversification of production shall
be intensified.
diversified and its appearance and durability improved by increas-
ing the color selection and quality of top and sole leather. Pro-
duction of new types of shoes from hog top and sole leather, col-
ored aioroporous rubber, and hog suede shall be mastered. The
quality and appearaiwce of the fabrics supplied to the oboe industry
shall be improved. Special attention shall be devoted to Increas-
ing selection and quality of children's footwear.
Production of glass and pottery products, particularly of
blown glassware for household appliances, shall be markedly im-
proved. Decorative folk designs and etchings shall be introduced.
The quality of enamelled and aluminum kitchenware shall be improved
and the production of furniture diversified.
During the Second Five-Tear Plan construction and partial
operation of a now cotton textile combine with a 24 million a
fabric capacity and a,000 t y%rn capacity shall be begun. The
capacity of the following shall be expanded: "Maritsa" Cotton
Textile Can loo, "Vela Peeva" Hemp-textile Plant, and the "Sila"
and "0. Dimitrov" rubber plants. Combed wool yirn product
capacity shall be expanded.
The following shall be built: r leather factory, t blown
b1as? factory, a tool and instrunent plant, and cotton seaifinishing
enterprises.
 The selection and quality of food products shall be markedly
imprOVed, and the production of added-?itaain food products shall be
0Xpauded.
For that purpose the following shall be construct" NW
placed in operation during the five-year plan: a sugar factory, a
canned vegetables and fruits factory, a creamery, and a factory for
the production of margarine. Construction of vine vats, slaughter
houses, and refrigerated warehouses shall be intensified. Some
enterprises of the sugar, canning, and vegetable-oils industries
shall be reorganized and expanded. The construction of storage
facilities for raw materials and finished products shall be ex-
The enterprises of the local and cooperative industries
shall be oriented toward the fullest possible utilization of local
raw and waste materials. A marked improvement shall be achieved in
the production cad quality of metal and wooden articles, furniture,
haberdashery ware, children's toys, household ware, and other con-
sumer goods. Shoe, clothing, tool, instrument, and household ware
repair services to the population shall be expanded and improved.
in. Agriculture and Forestry
13. The main task in agriculture shall be the schisvement
 of high and cousisteat yields is plant husbandry and the improver-
Total farm production from agricultrre and animal husbandry
in 1957 shall be about 60% higher than that achieved in 1952. Pro-
duction of wheat shall be increased about 14%, of sugar beet --
2.8 times, of Cotton -- 4.2 times, and of oriental tobacco -- 2.1
times.
A marked increase in agricultural production must be achieved
in order that the supply of local agricultural raw materials to in-
dustry be improved.
Average decare yields in 1957 shall be as follows: wheat
183 kg, 260 kg from irrigated lands; maize 185 kg, 320 from irri-
gated lands; sunflower 140 kg, 190 from irrigated lands; oats 215
kg, 300 from irrigated lands; cotton (unginned) 78 kg, 125 from ir-
rigated lands; sugar beet 2,100 kg, 3,200 from irrigated lands; or-
iental tobacco 8.5 kg; unhusked rice 380 kg; beans 72 kg; tomatoes
2,850 kg; potatoes 920 kg; grapes (for wine making) 510 kg; alfalfa
500 kg; and perennial cereal grasses 350 Lg. The in-between-rows
planting of beans shall be widely practiced.
In order to assure high and stable yields, the farm workers'
cooperatives and state farms must be generally consolidated during
the five-year plan. The operation of the machine-tractor stations
must be improved and their role in the development and consolidation
of the farm workers' cooperatives must be intensified. The mechan-
isation of farming through the introduction of mechanical and animal
traction shall be continued, with the main attention falling on deep
tall ploughing, in-between-rows cultivation, and the harvesting of
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the crop, nchanisation of deep fall ploughing shall be 78% nor
plate and of preplaating ploughing 60%. The sowing of grain, in-
dastrial and forage cropa shall be 67% sechaaiaed; in-betnn-row
cultivation 60%; aschrne harvesting MS (sic]; threshing 06%; now-
ing 60%; and Cultivation 75%. The work of the III in the mechanisa-
tion of vegetable production, tobacco production, sheep breeding,
viticulture, and work consuming operations in animal husbandry shall
be expanded. The total number of tractors in Bulgaria shall be not
less than 13,000 (rated at 18 hp), and the total number of combines
shall be 3.8 times greater than in 1069. The annu.t tractor yield
shall reach 4,600 decares shallow ploughing.
All machine-tractor stations shall be equipped with completely
outfitted repair shops and with the necessary full reserves for the
regular repair and maintenance of the farm machinery pool. The nec-
essary sheds and garages for the combines, tractors, and narvestwrs
shall be built at these stations. The work of the conservation
centers at the machine-tractor stations shall be expanded and im-
proved. Mechanical service groups shall be formed there to assist
the tars workers' cooperatives in the mechanisation of heavy work
consuming operations.
The training of a sufficient number of mechanisation cadres
with secondary and higher education for the machine-tractor stations
shall be assured and available agricultural cadres shall be syste-
matically upgraded.
The grading of the land In All major grain-producing dis-
tricts in which cooperative farming pradoainatee shall be completed
before the and of the tin-year plan. The introduction of grass-
based crop rotation in the farm workers' cooperatives and state
 The work of the agricultural science research institutes on
the development of highly-productive species, the development of
specific technologies for the various species, and scientific as-
sistance to the farm workers' cooperatives and state farms shall
be improved. Now highly-productive types of wheat and oats shall
be developed with good resistance to drought, cold, and wind.
Soviet and domestic cotton species shall be utilized and highly-
productive and zarly-maturing species of cotton shall be developed
with long fibers and high yields. llew types of sugar beets with
higher sugar content shall be introduced, along with sunflower spe-
cies with greater oil content and better resistance to "simga kitka"
[literally: bite bouquetj, and high-yield rice species, including
same suited for periodic irrigation. Seed production sha).l be im-
proved and the necessary quantities of high-grade need shall be
produced, special attention being devoted to the perennial grasses,
industrial crops, and vegetables.
The Ministry of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Bulgar-
ian Academy of Sciences and the okrug and okoliya people's councils,
shall conduct a thorough study of the zoning of the basic agricul-
tural crc-ps based on soil, economic, and climatic conditions.
stall be assured and irrigation extended to new lands. Total area
under irrigation by the end of the five-year plan shall reach 5
million docarrs. The lrrigatinn networks of the Rositsa, Sofia,
Stara Zagora, Yasaaluk, tolarovgrad, and Yidin Irrigation projects
 sbs11 be completed. Steps shall be tale to ware the rsaliaatlM
with local resouroes of a broad annual ocastrastios program far the
construction of snail dam, temporary dikes, ordinary and drilled
wells, and the digging of new and expansion of existing canals for
the utilisation of underground and surface waters. Wherever possi-
ble the new irrigation system utilizing temporary irrigation canals
shall be applied. A broad program of mechanisation shall be fol-
loesd in land improvement construction and agricultural irrigation
work.
The efficient utilisation of irrigated lands shall be as-
sured, special attention being paid to the newly-completed irriga-
tion systems. field irrigation at farm workers' cooperatives and
on state farm shall be conducted in accordance with established
irrigation quotas and efforts shall be made to introduce farming
practices best suited to irrigated crops. Steps shell be taken to
prevent swamp formation and salt deposits in the lands under irri-
gation.
leatural and chemical fertilisers shall be utilised rationally
and with a minimum of waste. Utilization of chemical fertilisers
shall reach not less than 5 million decares, and of natural ferti-
lisers 7.5 million decares. In the distribution of fertilizer pri-
ority shall be given to industrial crops.
parsing practices shall be correlated with climatic, topo-
logical, mad other conditions in the various districts and their
stereotyped application shall not be tolerated.
In order to assure the necessary supply of agricultural raw
materials for Industry, the area planted to technical crops in
1957 shall reach not less than 7 million decares. Cotton plantings
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 &fl bn 4 .crea.?sd 42%, sugar boots dl',, and tobacco 12%. 7b*
Vars. 97 ft . to potatoer 4 ? : shall not be lees than
870i o" de time, and tbv i r ? vation near the Larger cities and
idustrial centers shall be intensified. The area covered by or-
chards shall be increased as percent and by vineyards 20 percent.
Vineyards shalt be planted predominantly on hilly and sloping ground
best suited for their growth and orchards shall be planted in the
mountain and semimountain districts. The planting of fruit trees
along roads and irrigation canals shall be expanded. Viticulture
and fruit growing shall be developed in the Rhodope Mountain
districts.
With a view toward meeting the demand for animal products
the numbers of all species of farm animals shall be increased. At
the and of the t:ve-year plan the number of large livestock shall
increase at leas 2,100,000 head. The distribution of the total
number of large livestock shall be as follows: cows 700,000 head,
hogs 2,200,000 bea,l, sheep and goats 9,700,000 hand. The number
of fine and semifine wool sheep flocks shall be increased.
The relati? ? weight of farm animals in the nationalised
sector shall be increased markedly and steps shall be taken to in-
crease the number of cows awned by members of the farm workers' co-
operatives.
The produc ivity of form animals shall be increased. At
the and '.; the fir -year Ian the average milk production from a
feeder cow 'hall r.ut be less than 1,030 liters and from a feeder
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b Salo owe 700 liters. The wool yield per sheep shall r..sh 1.1
kg, 3.15 kg from tine-wool sheep.
Ranches shall be organised around Sofia and the other
larger cities and andustricl centers at the TUB (Trudovi-koopera-
tivni sessdolski ..topenstva, farm wotr ers' cooperatives) and DSS
(Durahavni semodelski stopanstva, state farms) for the improvement
of the supply of milk and dairy products to the workers.
livestock bards by crossbreeding, proper feeding, and proper can.
Livestock improvement work shall be stressed. The slaughter of
halters and ewe lambs suitable for breeding shall be forbidden and
their purchase by the state and their care shall be organized. A
sestematic atruggla shall be waged against mortality and barrenness
among tars nnieals, particularly along cows and buffalo cows. Spe-
cial attention shallbe devoted to the summer dry-lot-and-past-x"
taeding of farm animals in the TKZS and DZS.
In order to stpply a sound forage base for the development
of animal husbandry he area planted to grass hay, succulent, and
silage forage crops cciill attain not less than 6.3 million dooares,
and the area plantm to grain forage crops shall not be less then
11.3 million dew ro- The use of silage crops shall be expanded.
The fullest possibl? ue shall be made of high mountain and other
pastures and the nec~.asary steps shall be taken to improve the
yields from natural and artificial meadows and pastures. Special
attention shall be devoted to the preliminary processing aad aide
ut:'.isation of roughage.
The scientific research institutes for animal and plant hus-
bandry shall ensure ever closer cooperation between science and
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 pwaa". aid vest a uy>tsstieas of earraat Late"Wt In the 91444
mfr
15. In the field of forestry steps shall be taken during the
five-year plan to renew the forests. particularly those in which
heavy cutting is in progress. The composition and condition of
forest plantings shall be improved. The fkgbt against forest do-
stroyers shall be intensified and not less than 2.250,000 decasvs
of forests shall be planted. The planting of field-protective
belts shall be expanded. Efforts shall be intensified to develop
green belts near the cities, industrial centers, dams, and along
the main irrigation canals.
Iy. Transportation and Oomsumications
16. In order to keep pace with the increase in industrial
and farm production and in construction the volume of freight
transported in 1957 shall be increased relative 1952 as follows:
rail transport 50%; shipping 77%; and automobile and air passenger
transport not less than 2 times.
Concerning rail transport measures shall be taken to in-
crease the traffic capacity of heavy-traffic rail lines and sta-
tions. Existing station sidings shall be expanded and new sid-
ings with a total length of 135 km shall be constructed. New
rail lines with a total length of 130 km shall be placed in opera-
tion. A partial reconstruction of the following lines shall be
carried out: Tulovo--Zimnitsa, Cherven bryag -- Telish, Plovdiv
-- Burgas, and others. In 1957 the freight oar pool shall be in-
creased 44% and the can equipped with automatic brakes shall rep-
resent 70% of the total number of freight cars. The utilisation of
 rolling stock shall be improved and the turnaaound time for rreiglt
care shall be reduced at least 13% during the five-year plan. The
average 34-hour run per engine shall be increased at least sit. The
avers" gross veigbt of freiglt trains shall be increased at least
13%, and the Aommsrcial speed of the trains about 10%.
The more important terminals, e.g., Stalin, Ilientsi, Zurilo,
Dimitrovo, 3olarovgrad, Popovo, Asenovo, Provadiya, Polyanovgrad,
and Levskigrad shall be equipped with safety installations. Over-
loaded terminals and stations such as Lavskigrad, Lewki, lardshali,
Dimitrovo, Gorna Oryakhovitsa, and Cberven bryag shall be rsoon-
structed.
The total tonnage of the seagoing merchant fleet shall be
increased about 2 times relative 1932, that of the river fleet
about 23%, and the capacity of the automobile pool of the Ministry
of Transport shall be increased about 3.3 times. In order to as-
sure their wore rational utilisation the transport facilities of
the various aduinistrative agencies shall be reorganized and ex-
panded, and the network of automobile repair shops shall be ex-
panded.
17. The continued development of communications shall be
assured by intensifying the extension of telephone and program
service to the villages. The unit power of radio transmitters
shall be increased about 2 times, and a marked improvesnnt shall
be made in postal, telegraph, telephone, and radio service.
V. The Turnover of Goods and the Standard of Living of the
18. Based on the continuous growth of industrial and agri-
cultural production and on the continued consistent application of
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the pollee of price rsdrsfM ad at emtiar ere
of tbs population, the tmrsoter la retail goods flail be lanresssd
at lest 70% relative 1032, and the real wage of the blue aad Site
Dollar worhsrs sad the reel !noose of the peasants shall be in-
creased about 35-40%.
Sales of the more-important goods to the population shall
be Increased as follows; sugar 2.2 times; rice 2.1 times; milk 80%;
meat 91%; meat products 2.3 tires; fat 4.8 tire; edible vegetable
oils 52%; cheese and kashkaval 74%; sterilized canned vegetables
2.1 times; potatoes 2 times; cotton fabrics 2.4 times; cotton tricot
47%; wool fabrics 3.3 times; wool tricot 4 tics; silk fabrics 2.4
tics; ranges 1.7 tins; shoes 2.8 times; soap 3.8 times; cement
over 2 times; radio sets 7.3 times; metal kitchenware 2.8 tire;
boards 51%; and bear 88%. The aystem of public dining balls,
restaurants, and cafeterias shall be expanded and the quality of
the food markedly improved.
18. Over 1.2 million sq ^ of housing space shall be con-
otructed for the improvement of the living conditions of the white
and blue collar workers during the Second Five-Year Plan. This
total is 4 time greater than that for the First Five-Year Plan.
Sousing construction shall be concentrated in the large cities,
industrial diatricts, mining districts, and state farm. In ad-
dition, measures shall be taken for the encouragement of private
home construction by the white and blue cedar workers.
20. Cosrunity-living conditions shall be improved. During
the five-year plan measures shall be taken to assure the continued
development, landscaping, and sanitation of Bulgarian villages.
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 $00 villages shall be equipped with running water.
VI. Public Health, BdusaUont Cultare, and the Training of Cadres
21. The basic public health goal during the Second Five-
Tear Plan shall be the continued improvement of public health work,
the expansion of public health services, and the upgrading of medi-
cal service. For this purpose the bed space in the hospitals shall
be increased 33%. In the sanitariums 29%, in the rest homes 16%, in
the permanent children's nurseries 2 times, and in the social rare
centers 67%. The number of epidemic control stations shall be in-
creased about 70%. At the end of the five-year plan the number of
doctors in Bulgaria flail be 40% higher. The training of the nec-
essary intermediate grade medical cadres shall be assured and the
supply of needed medical apparatus and equipment to public health
agencies shall be improved.
22. In the field of general education the most important
task shall be the improvement of education and the continued ex-
pansion of the school system.
The total number of students enrolled in the elementary and
secondary general education schools at the end of the five-year
plan shall not be less than 13% higher than in 1632, and for the
secondary general education schools alone 305. Total capital in-
vestments for the general education schools shall be increased at
least *0% over the First Five-Tear Plan. About 40% of the children
of preschool age shall be enrolled in the children's day aurseries
in order to improve child education and to ease the burden of
parents employed in production.
 no in Qsrie' to Mat the xoquirs O is of the rational
eoess+ for specialists and cadres of skilled workers during the
five-pear plan the training mad graduation of high-grade cadres
shall be increased STS over the First live-Tear Plan, and the
training of Intermediate and lower-grade cadres 33%. The training
of skilled corkers' cadres shall be stepped up 22%.
Special attention shall be devoted to the training of neoh-
anisation cadres for agriculture, cadres for the farm workers' oo-
operatives, irrigation work, the mining industry, and for geologi-
cal-exploration work. Existing schools and centres for the train-
ing of skilled farm workers shall be reorganized along the lines of
the mokUpoeer reserve schools and their numbers shall be increased.
During the five-year plan the training and upgrading of production
workers through courses and individual instruction shall be ex`
24. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the science re-
search institutes shall increase their assistance to agriculture,
Industry, and the other branches of the national economy by ex-
tending the application of scientific advances and of the achieve-
ments of advanced production workers.
Z.S. The number of cinemas and libraries shall be increased
and their work improved. At the and of the five-year plan the
number of cinemas shall be increased about 2T% over 1952, and
that of the people's libraries about 2 Uses. Physical education
work tact work on mass participation in sports shall be markedly
expanded.
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 III. Labor Pr+odustiwit7s Redustice of antes and the Uatisaal
Iescee
26. My the continued mechanisation of production processes,
improvements in work organization, the upgrading of the worbers,
sad the continued practice of Mooialist oonpetitioe labor product-
ivity shall be increased about 33%. The increase in labor pro-
ductivity in the nationalised industries shall be about 37%, in
construction about 4S%, in transportation about 16%, and in re-
tail trade at least 30% over 1651.
During the Second Five-Tear Plan the struggle for the
fullest possible utilisation of raw aaterlala and intermediates,
fuel, and electric power, and for the continued application of
practices lending to a reduction cf basic and auxiliary costs in
the national eoonosy shall be intensified.
27. As a result of the increase in labor productivity, the
application of strict econaq practices, and the strecgtbsning of
cost accounting production costs shall be reduced as follows: in
industry about 16%, in transportation about 15x, an the state
fares 35%, and the cost of construction work shall be reduced 14%
under the design cost. Operating costs in retail trade shall be
reduced 30%.
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 P1t gewat ana control of the operations of the adminiatra-
tiasa and ministries seat be improved by encouraging criticism by
the workers of lax a" bureaucratic practices. The watchfulness
of tae mama of the people must be increased and the enforcement
of state and labor discipline must constantly be strengthened.
Bulgarian-soviet cooperation must bi expanded and intensified and
relations with the people's democracies strengthened.
The party organisations, trade unions, people's councils,
Fatherland F& t. and the youth organisations face the task of
assuring the fu1Z mobilisation of the forces of the working class,
working peasants, and people's intelligentsia for the frlfillaeat
of the quantitative, qualitative, and selection targets in the
production plans, or orgaaiaiag socialist competition among the
woo.-hr's, of popularizing and introducing advanced work practices,
and o. expanding the stakbanovite movement.
The imduetricms Bulgarian nation, under the leadership of
the Bulgarian Communist party and the people's government, shall
strivo with even /pr+ater energy and enthusiasm for the successful
couple,toa of the grand aim- of the second Five-year plan.