PLAN FULFILLMENT IN USSR AND PEOPLE'S DEMOCRACIES IN 1955

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP81-00280R000200130037-2
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 37
• Publication Date: November 16, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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PLAN r'CyZ.FILi.A: i1T Tit USSR AIM P%OPLI; `S Di 0CRACIES Ill 1 55
Statisticky Obzor statistical
Review/, Vol XXXVI, 1956, Prague,
No 4, Pages 185-191; No 5, Pages 234-
238; No 6, Pages 277-284
(Prepared on the basis of reports on fulfillment of plans)
fNo 4, Pages 185-191
The past year was of special significance for the countries with
planned economies. It was the final year of the.five-year plan in the
Soviet Union and the First Five-Year Plans in Albania, German Democratic
Republic and Rumania; also the final year of the Six-Year Plan in Poland.
Fulfillment of specific tasks stipulated for each year of the whole
program made it possible to fulfill the five year plan 8 months in the
Soviet Union and 51 days in Rumania ahead of schedule.
Results of fulfillment of plans for individual countries in 1955 are
listed below. They are grouped in subject categories. (Figures pertain-
ing to production, status, etc with no dates Indicated denote 1955 and
increase above 1954 level.)
1. Production
Fulfillment of yearly plans for gross production in the socialist
sector in 1955 and increase over 1954 in individual countries:
Fulfillment of yearly plan
for 1955 in %
1955 compared with 1954
in %
Soviet Union
103
112
Czechoslovakia
103
110.6
Albania
101.4
113
Bulgaria
104.5
109.6
Hungary
103.2
108.2
German Democratic
Republic*
101.5
108.3
Poland
103.4
ill
Rumania
108
114
Including private industry; based on the report of the Minister of
Finance,
Bulgarian state industry fulfilled 104.8'p of the plan, local
industry 98.6% and cooperative industry 109%. Heavy iniustrv produced
2.2 billion levs worth more (in approximately corresponding prices of
1939) than stipulated by the plan fcr 1955. The production level anti-
cipated in the Second Bulgarian Five-Year Plan for 1957 in production
and processing of fuels and in the production of fertilizers was exceeded
already in 1955 in the chemical industr:-.
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STAT
Hungarian local industry fulfilled the plan to 104.5% and the pro-
ductive cooperatives to 101.1%.
Compared with 1954, the gross output of local industries and pro-
ductive cooperatives increased in Czechoslovakia by 25%, in Hungary for
government directed industry by 7..6%, for local industry by L..9%, and
for cooperative industry by 10.8%. In Albania the output in local
industry increased by 14% and in productive cooperatives by 21%.
The following data, included in the reports on fulfillment of plans
for development of national industries, show the production increase
over 1954 for several industrial fields:
Bulgaria Hungary
Fuel and Power Industry
25%
Metallurgy
21%
Nonferrous Metallur-ry
10%
Chemical Industry
37`
Pharmaceutical industry 29.1%
Chemical Industry
Organic 19.1%
Inorganic 7 %
Food Industry 6.7%
Building Materials industry 16.5%
Increase in gross output in the whole industry is attributed to the
80% increased work productivity in Czechoslovakia, in Hungary to more
than 75% and in Rumania to more than 80%.
Index of production increase in the most important categories co::.pared
with 1954:
USSR
Czecho-
slovakia
Electric power
13
10
Hard Coal
13
6
Soft Coal
Crude Oil
19
-
Iron
11
7
Steel
9
5
Roller Bearings
19
40
Tractors
21
52
Tractor-plows
_
-
Freightcars
4?.
-
Au~,oinobiles
114
130
Trucks
9
-
Motorcycles
19
74
Bicycles
21
-
Nitrogen Fertilizers
57
Phosphate Fertili- 20
17
ze rs
Sulphuric Acid
-
-
Paper
5
4
Cement.
18
13
Bricks
12
14
Cotton Textiles
4
Wool Textiles
3
13
Silk Textiles
2
25
Footwezr,
2
`c3
urnt
lct axes
:~1
-
Bulgaria Hungary Poland Rumania
19 12.8 15 16
10
1.5 3.6 3 2
- 31.6 -2 S
- - 17 33
- 9.3 12 22
- - 26 431
- - 3 -
110 - - 7
72 - 4 -
- - 139 -
-
- - -
- -? 20
7 -? 55
- -. 8
27 -? 7
25 - 10
4 21..1 12
6 5.3 -
11 F
20.2
25
3
24
19
- 22.'7, 30,
5" 7:'
- _?
- ~?.
 USSR Czecho-
slovakia
Bulgaria
Hungary Poland
Rumania
Radios
22
-
42
-
50
81
Meat
3
10
9
-
2
35
Canned Meat
85
35
24
-
-
17
Vegetable Fats
26
-
-
-
13
-
Milk
-
-
-
-
8
17
Butter
18
16
11
-
2
40
Cheese
22
-
24
-
20
Sugar
31
-
- -
-
-5
39
Confectionery
-
20
107
-
217
-
Beer
-
-
6
-
-1
-
1. Ball Bearings,
2.
Footwear of all types,
3. Ligh
t walking shoes,
4. Leather shoes,
5.
Pork products,
6. Margarine,
7. Candy.
Albania recorded the following production increases compared with
1954: electricity 35%, coal 30% and crude oil 12%.
.The following figures reflect output of basic industrial products
in Czechoslovakia and Hungary for 1955:
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Electricity (billion kw)
Hard Coal (million tons)
Soft Coal (million tons)
Lignite (million tons)
Crude Oil (million tons)
Pig Iron (million tons)
Crude Steel (million tons)
15
23.2
38.7
2
-
almost 3
4.5
5.4
22.3
1.6
-
1.6
Rolled Steel
883,000
tons
Sewing
Machines
46,100 units
Buses
1,348
units
Cement
1.2 million tons
Railroad Coaches
296
units
Bricks
1.2 billion
Milling Machines
775
units
Cotton
Textiles
237 :million sq m
Boring Machines
2,523
units
Wool Textiles 26 million sq m
Tractors
4,559
units
Silk Textiles 20 million sq m
Bicycles
217,200
units
Leather Shoes 12.3 million pairs
Radios
373,200
units
Per capita production in the more significant categories
goods in Bulgaria before the war and in 1955:
Cotton Textiles (m)
5.4
17.5
Wool
Textiles (m)
0.8
1.4
Silk
Textiles Cr:-.)
0.2
0.5
Sugar
(kg)
4.0
8.3
Meat
and Meat Products
(k~_)
8.0
14.6
2. Technical Development
Better utilization of current equipment and continuous development of
new techniques resulted in further increase of industrial output.
 Power Industry. In 1955 Poland introduced automatization of coal
feeding to 9 power plants; in addition 3 hydroelectric plants were
automatized.
Oil Industry. Compared with 1954 average drilling speed in Rumania
increased by 37%.
Coal Industry. Compared with 1954, volume of mechanized loading
in shafts rose in the Soviet Union by 24% and in Polandby 34%; auto-
matization of coal mining (in volume) increased in Poland by 15%;
in surface ernes in Czechoslovakia through the use of bulldozers by
39% and through the use of conveyors by 35A. In Bulgaria mechanization
of deep :mining reached 95% and 98% for transportation of coal to the
surface.
Metallurgy. Compared with 1954, utilization of capacities of blast
furnaces increased in the Soviet Union by 4% and in Poland by approxi-
m,ately 6%; steel smelting per one m2 of smelting furances area increased
in the Soviet Union by 4% and in Poland by 5%; in Rumania, utilization
of capacities of blast furnaces increased by 22%, of smelting furnaces
by 11% and electric furn..es by 23%.
Textile Industry. In Ri.mania, volume of returns for cotton spinning
machines rose 3.2% over 1954; for carding machines 7% and for cotton
weaving machines 2.6%.
Proper expenditures in industrial. production declined in comparison
with 1954 in the Soviet Union by 4.7%, in Bulgaria by 4.2% and in Poland
by 2.90.
Compared with 1954, the total volume of agricultural production in
Czechoslovakia rose according to the preliminary reports by 11.5%; in
Poland the value of gross agricultural production increased by 3%
(planned increased, however, was fulfilled to 97% only).
In 1955 special emphasis was placed on increased acreage of culti-
vation areas. Compared with 1954 total cultivation area was enlarged
in the Soviet Union by 19.5 million ha (with 13. increase for grain crop
cultivation): in Czechoslovakia the main increase affected cultivation
acreage for corn (9%) and rape (22%); and in Bulgaria for fodder plants
(3%). Through cultivation of fallows Poland enlarged its cultivation
area by 170,000 ha, of which more than 10,000 ha were utilized for
Frain crops and legumes; further increase was in acreaa_e for sugar beets
(3"), rape (4`i), textile plants (13%) and corn (230%). Total cultiva-
tion acreage in Rumania increased by 160,000 ha (of which 13% were for
bread grain).
Harvest. of many agricultural products exceeded the preceding, years.
In the So-iet Union the ?,rain harvest was considerably larger than in
19>,, with 260% increase in corn, 74% in flax, 100% in sunflowers, 5:
in sugar beets, Czechoslovakia recorded a 33.3% increase for wheat,
10.5 for rye, S..9% for sugar beets and 2.6% for potatoes above 105::
crops. In Bulgaria increase in corn crops reached 500,000 tons, or
more than total corn crop in 1952. Hungary .._ vested 2 ..illion tons
of bread -rain, 7.0 ..illion tons of barley, 20.2 c:illion tons corn,
20._ ..illion tons potatoes and 22.2 11on tons su? _ beets. Poland
produced 15'f above in the %, basi
~,' ate. sc Lmcst 12 tons further ore, _here N.=s . ?
 increase in sunflower crops and 13% in winter potatoes.
In Hungary, state farms and farm productive cooperatives recorded
generally a larger yield per ha than individual farmers, i.e., 40%
for grain crops in state farms and 20-25% in cooperatives, and for
barley 20% and 10% respectively. In Bulgaria: the per ha yield for
potatoes increased by 67.4% compared with 1954.
Greater emphasis was placed on mechanization of agricultural
work. The following data reflect the expansion of mechanical and
technical base for 1955:
Soviet Union
218,0001 98,000
46,000
-
-
Czechoslovakia
5,281,1 4,013
1
1,443
929
-
Bulgaria
2,203
-
843
-
-
Hungary
6,5002 -
400
1,100
600
Poland
9,0001 -
900
-
-
Rumania
3,5801
3,051
562
1,257
1,565
1. Computed in tractors of 15 horsepower. 2. Including 2,500 universal
t ractors
In addition the agricultural sector received in 1955 other machinery
as well. In the Soviet Union, agriculture was supplied wi.h 15,000
potato diggers, 7,000 siliquose plants combines, 4,000 corn co-.bines,
7,000 sugar beets harvesters, 119,000 seeder-tractors, 105,000 cultivators
and 23,000 reaper-tractors. Of the total truck production in the Soviet
Union agricultural sector received 112,000 trucks and in Czechoslovakia
2,053. Further mechanization of the Czechoslovak agriculture was procured
by deliveries of 147 flax harvesters, 6,246 drill planters, 3,655 buck-
board plows and 1,249 potato diggers.
Polish agriculture-received in addition to the items listed in the
above table 20,000 grain seeders, over 2,500 potato planters, 1,800
seeder-tractors and about 3,000 selfbinder-tractors. Compared with
1954, volume of supplied agricultural machinery increased 19% in
tractors, 35% in harvesters, 25% in grain seeders, 5% in potato planters,
69% in reaper-tractors and over 100% in selfbinder-tractors.
Total tractors on polish state farms and state machine and tractor
stations at the end of the past year reached over 56,000 (computed in
tractors of 15 hp).
At the end of 1955 Poland has 424 machine and tractor stations and
over 2,999 local machine bases (190 more than during the preceding year).
Czechoslovakia established 95 new centers. In Albania the total -,achine
and tractor stations rose 61.5;1 over 1954.
In Poland STS (machine and tractor stations) machine and tractor
park showed the followin increase compared with 1954: tractors 22 ',
combines 73`x. potato diggers 54', potato planters 52a, reapers
and selfbinde:?s 17r. Total of tractors in the Albanian ST$ (machine
and tractor stations) rose - .5~~ over 1954.
,.o~ap:red with 1~ 1;4, productivity of the machine and tractor
stations in oollectlve fn ::.s increased in the Soviet Union, in
PuI-a.... b} r: in i=-.ania by 2Q.'; in Albania by 52: (in areas
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cultivated by cooperatives and indisidual farmers), in Czechoslovakia
by close to 700,000 average ha and in Hungary by 1.3 million average
acres, or a total of 8 million average acres in tractor work.
In the Soviet Union 80% of all crops were harvested mechanically:
in Czechoslovakia 25%.
Expansion of the agricultural rrechaaization in Bulgaria is
illustrated by the following figures:
Percentage of Mechanization
in 1954 in 1955
Grain Sowing 42.5 51.1
Deep plowing in fall 63.6 66.8
Compared with 1954, productivity per one tractor (computed in
tractors of 15 hp) increased 3% in Bulgaria.
In 1955 the Soviet Union established 301 new state farms in the
fallow areas. Polish state farms increased their total agricultural
production by 12%; enlarged`t,be cultivation acreage by 5% and increased
their yield per ha for the 4 principal grain categories by 29%. State
farms in Czechoslovakia increased their acreage by 90,000 ha..
Number of agricultural cooperatives in Poland totaled 9,963 by
the end of 1955 and over 6,600 in Rumania, incorporating more than
390,000 families. In Czechoslovakia, number of agricultural coop-
eratives of class III and IV increased by 293 with additional acreage
of 44,000 ha and new membership of 26,000.
In Bulgaria 27,700 additional farms were incorporated into agri-
cultural cooperatives during 1955 and in Hungary almost 60,000
families with 350,000 acres.
The socialist sector of agriculture covers 43.10 of the total
cultivated acreage in Czechoslovakia. In Hungary it covers over
1/3.
In 1955 Bul-arian agricultural cooperatives harvested 64.3% of
all crops by combines and threshing was mechanized to 93.71.
Czechoslovakia
Poland
in `$ of 1954
Total
-
Breakdown:
:citroen
Fertilizers
128
113
Phosphate
Fertilizers
119
li9
Potash:ertilizers
121
112
Granulated Super-
phosphate 350
In 1955 Polish agricu ture received a tom o 544,000 synthetic
fertilizers in value of net. nutrients. In Rumania de'__. _ . exceeded
195:4 substantially, but were not fully utilized.
The USSR also increased its livestock. As of _ October 1955,
count of livestock in collective and state farms, and orrership b -:
farmers in collective far--.s records ..__ I _ion of 1.
 cows included), 52.1 million hogs and 124.9 million sheep. increase in
livestock against the same date in 1954 was as follows: cattle 2.1
million: cows 1.7 million: hogs 1 million and sheep 7.4 million.
Compared with 1954 Czechoslovakia increased the stock of cattle
by 52,000 and stock of hogs by 684,000.
Stock of sheep in Hungary increased in the sane period by over
200,000 and stock of hogs exceeded 8 million in October 1955. Stock of
poultry was higher than average prewar level.
As of June 1955 Poland had 7.9 million cattle, 10.9 million hogs
and 4.2 million sheep.
LNo 5, Pages 234-2382
The following table, based on livestock counts and other available
data, shows gains for 1955 over 1954:
Soviet Union
collective farms
-
5
3
2
-
state farms
-
7
9
5
-
Bulgaria
socialist sector
24.5
19.8
-
9.4
-
agricultural cooperatives
2.4
-
10.3
2.6
-
Poland
total
3
-
11
2
-
state farms
13
-
-
-
-
Rumania
3.2
-
11.3
12.6
3.6
Soviet Union: 1 October 1954-1 October 1955. Bulgaria: berirning-end
1955. Poland: June 1954-June 1955. Rumania: agricultural cooperatives
Average milk yield increased in the Soviet Union (collective farms
for the period 1 October 1954-1 October 1955) by 161; in Czechoslovakia
by 8.9% and in Bulgaria by 260 liters.
Compared with 1954 milk production increased by 31% in the Soviet
Union (collective farms), in Czechoslovakia by 249 million liters, in
Bulgaria (agricultural cooperatives) by 40 million liters and in Hungary
(state farms) by 13 million liters.
The numbe? of calves bred per 100 cows increased 7.3' in Czechoslo-
vakia and number of suckling pigs per one swine increased by 4.14. During
the same period mortality of calves declined by 6-i'. and of suckling; pigs
by 61".
In Bulgarian agricultural cooperatives, average shear per one sheep
increased b'. 180 grams over 1954.
The number of sheep bearing fine or semi-fine wool rose in the total
of sheep at state farms in Rumania from 90.6'% in 1954 to 93.2% in 1a'.5,,
Better composition of stock and i :.proved feeding ::.ethc-ds contribu',ed
in Bulgaria to the increased to ility of animal production. For example,
 compared with 1954, 12.8% more of hay and 38.1% more of feed concen-
trates were stored and the amount of ensilaged fodder was doubled.
General increase of farm productivity brought forth expansion of
market for agricultural products compared with 1954.
Plans for total marketing of several agricultural products were
fulfilled in Czechoslovakia and Hungary as indicated below:
Grain Total 104 -
Wheat 106 106.3
Rye 98
Barley 11~ lop
Oats - 107?.6
Sugar Beets 100.5 -
Slaughter Hogs 110 109.5
Milk 102 108.0
However, Czechoslovakia did not fulfill the plan for marketing of
potatoes, slaughter cattle and eggs; and Hungary did not fulfill the
plan for marketing of slaughter calves, poultry and eggs. Foland did not
fulfill the plan for marketing of agricultural products.
Volume of marketed far, products was in 1955 substantially greater
than in 1954:
Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Poland Rumania
Grain total 147 Trillion pudl) - 1010 -
Wheat - 82,000 tons -
Rye - 465,000 tons - 378,000 tons
Sugar beets +2 465,000 tons - 500,000 tons
Vegetables +2 59,000 tons '24 -
Slaughter ani:rals +2 - 86,000 tons
total
Slaughter cattle - - 4`e --
Slaughter ho?,s - 46,000 tons 5-
Milk +2 170 mil 1 52 86.9 million liters
Eggs 42 E3 ..,ilk ks 74
45 iiiion ks
Wool +2 2_r -
~. One pud = 15,380 kg. 2) Considerable incre-ise, but no fiiures included
in the report.
Purchases of Hun^arian farm products in 1955 exceeded 105:. with the
exception of cats, sunflowers and rice; purchase of poultry increased b;-
2.'41 frei,ghtcar leads in spite of rising, personal consurptior. of far::
population. In Poland plan for deliveries by state farms was not ful-
filled: however, compared with 1954 deliveries of gram: increased by !/I;,
o:' slau-h`er ho= s by 5 and of . 11k by 11;'. State fa=,.s in Sur.:ania
delivered in 1955, 110,000 tons of grain and 953 torts of wool.
 In 1955, 100.6% of the plan for reforestation was fulfilled in
Czechoslovakia; in Bulgaria 107.1% and in Poland 101%.
As a result Czechoslovakia gained 99,0(D reforested ha and Bulgaria
47,100 ha.
In 1955, Hungary reforested an area 3 times larger than the de-
forested area.
Plan for timber production in 1955 was fulfilled in Poland to 102%.
About 33% of round timber was conveyed mechanically.
Plan for freight transportation by public conveyances for 1955 was
fulfilled in Czechoslovakia by 105%, in Poland by 101%, in Bulgaria
by 99% in tons and in tons per km by 100.9%
Plan for freight railroad transportation was fulfilled in 1955 fn
Albania to 117.9%, in Rumania to 110% (in tons) or 113% (in tons per k^).
Plan for freight water transportation was fulfilled in 1955 in
Czechoslovakia to 135%, in Rumania to 101% ( in tons) or 66% (in tons
per km).
In Bulgaria plan for freight water transportation for 1955 was
fulfilled to 112.70 (in tons) or 118.1% (in tons per km).
Plan for maritime freight transportation was fulfilled in Poland
to 101% and in Rumania to 90%.
Plan for truck transportation for 1955 was fulfilled in Czecho-
slovakia to 105%, in Albania to 101.5%, in Poland to 105% and in
Bulgaria to 96.5% (in tons,. and tons per km).
Plan for passenger railroad transportation for 1955 was fulfilled
in Albania to 98.E%, in Rumania as regards number of passengers to
107% and in passenger per km traffic to 99.7%.
Plan for bus transportation for 1955 was fulfilled in Czechoslovakia
to 107`x, in Albania to 104:% and in Poland to 110%.
Plan for air freight transportation was fulfilled in Czechoslovakia
to 108`$ and for passenger air travel to 115%.
In accordance with fulfillment of transportation plans, often far
above the stipulated requirements, transportation services shoxed the
followini-- increase compared with 1954:
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 Index of Transportation Services in 1955 (in % of 1954)
Mode of
Transportation
Soviet
Union
Czecho- Bulgaria
slovakia
Hungary
Poland Rumania
Railroads
113
109.6 132.91 -
107
1011
Highways
148
111 134.9 124.4
106
125 1140
W ate rways
(rivers)
108
138
Mariti:e
122
-
Air
Total
-
106 - -
-
- -
Railronds
-
- - -
-
104 -
Highways
133
109 - -
120
100 -
Waterways
-
- - -
119
- -
(rivers)
Plan for average daily railroad freight transportation for 1955 was
fulfilled in the Soviet Union to 103%.
Polish railroads carried 6% more coal than in 1954. Bulgaria
recorded the following increase in freight transportation compared with
1954: coal 35.6%; ores and alloys 11.4%; cement 12.84; and construction
timber 38.2%.
Average load of freight trains was increased 6o above 1954 in the
Soviet Union and by 11r above 1952 in Bulgaria, This increase in the
average load of freight, trains in Bulgaria represented for the given
period a total saving of 3,400 trains and 35.600 tons of hard coal and
c':. aluable matters.
Daily rate of loading and unloading of freight cars rose in Rumania
over 1954 by 13`X (plan was fulfilled by 106%).
In comparison with 19~_ average
was increased in Poland by 3.54 and
in an average of 1,089 freight cars
of the current car park.
Compared with 1954, coal
4% and in Rumania by !.
circulation time of freight cars
in Rumania by 10.2: which resulted
available daily without any expansion
Percentage of mechanization of cargo handling in Bulgarian ports
increased from, 63.5$ in 1952 to 72.5 in 1955: and mechanization of
freig-ht handling in Polish railroad system increased from l.i in 1-=
to 16% in 1955.
The bus transportation system was enlarged in Czechoslovakia by
227 additional lines and in Hungary by new connections -Jr. length of
1,200 km. During 1953-55 1,189 additional co^munities were connected
by bus lines in Bulgaria and 225 co: unities in Hun ary.
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Transport park received anon others In 1955 the followin;.
additions:
Train Engines (stear%) 11.4 35 44
Train Fn-fines (electric) 10 - -
- 104,
Pas3er.-er Railroad Cars 417
Frei:-ht. Cars 5,800 285 1, 5751 2
Motor Car:3 148 - -
Cross-country Buses - 262 -
Trucks - 1,600 -
Du ?o devoted work of transportation employees, Poland achieved
in 19`- tJ e following results:
Railroad transportation 224 million tons 907 million persons
Hii7nway transportation 49 million tons 146 million persons
Plan for services was fulfilled in Bulgaria to 98.4% and in Poland to
103y. Fulfillment of plans in the extent indicated representec- a 4.2"
increase in Bulgaria and a 13' increase in Poland compared with services
furnished in 1954.
In 1955 number of post offices increased by 1,2 in Czechoslovakia
and by 107 in Bulgaria. Number of telephones stations in Czechoslovakia
increased Ir.- 9%.
In 1955 Bulgaria established telephone communications in 199 agri-
cultural cooperatives ,x'ind Poland in more than 1,400 cosrtnunities. in
Czechoslovakia plan for teiephonization of agricultural establishments
was fulfilled to 117%: at the end of 1955 80% of the ra-chine and
tractor stations, 7! of state farms and 31% of JZD (United Farr:
Cooperatives) were connected to state telephone network.
In Poland radio cations were established in more than 2,400
conu;: rnit.ies, which is . .-:crease over 2.95.14.
Ann's it plan for inves;.men., buildup of national economy for 1955
wits fulfilled n the aovict Union to only 95%, in Czechoslovakia to
91 In ;;u_r2r a t. C) na '.i.so remained rider .he planned
level
in Albanian. Teopi.,' > pub:_. t,.e 'inist:r, of Construction :ul-
. : , led :.;c con,.>.,..._ on p'.--.n ,o Accor din - to the preli:.an:ary
report.:. itat.e :on5- ru-:tion plan an-J_ _305' of cooperative
o::stru t. ion pl-r. were fulfilled.
';. :.. t:.. eLu...., of planned _n:est"ents for 1055 was not. ..1-
r i:. ... t_ onal e, ono: _i es increased over
1 >.. :
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Soviet
Union
Czecho-
slovakia
Albania
Bulgaria
Hungary
Poland Rumania
Total Nat-
ional
Economy
106
-
128.7
108.2
108
103 ill
Industry
-
-
-
107.4
-
- 108
Agriculture
-
145
-
142.3
-
1382 12'i
Transportat-
ion
-
-
-
-
-
- 119
Com.'nunica-
tions
-
-
-
122.8
-
- -
Housing Con-
struction
-
109
-
109.31
-
- -
Construction work in Czechoslovakia increased by 4%, in Rumania b-,
15% and in the Soviet Union b 8%, over 1954.
In Rumania industrial investments amounted to 57.5' of total invest-
ment (with 84.4% of total industrial investments for production com-
modities industry).
In he Soviet Union, hydroelectric plants were constructed in Kachov,
Gorkov, Narva and Knazedub. The first concern of the Kubyshev hydro-
electric plant is to produce power for industrial purposes.
In 1955 the capacity of power plants increased in Czechoslovakia by
565,000 kw; in Bulgaria by 60,000 kw; in Rumania by 222,000 kwa
Increase in the capacity of power stations in Bulgaria is more than
half the capacity of all power stations constructed through 1939.
In Hungary the capacity of power stations, compared with 1955
was expanded by approximately 120MW, or 13%.
In 1955 high-voltage network in Poland was expanded b? 630 km and
in Rumania by 224 km. Network of midile and low-voltage in Poland was
increased by 2,100 km.
Bulgaria opened new coal mines with the capacity of over 2.3
.zillion tons and Rumania put into operation 334 additionni oil wells.
Investment buildup of state farms and machine and tractor stations
in Czechoslovakia rose almost 50% above 1954. Capacity of stables was
enlar_;ed by ^ 300 additional spaces. Construction of new stables
provided the JZD (United Farm Cooperatives) with sp ce capacity for
60.000 cows, 13,000 calves and 100,000 hogs.
/o 6, Paaes 2"7-2847
Mechanization of surface work of Polish Ministry of Construction
increased from 64 in 195:1 to 6a' in 1955.
 Plan for rural electrification in Poland was fulfilled to 109%. In
comparison with 1954 increase in electrification was as follows:
com.nmities 42%, state farms 32% and agricultural cooperatives 37%.
In Bulgaria 95 villages were electrified during 1955.
The housing construction in cities and workers corpunities of
the Soviet Union covered a total area of 35 million m~ in 1955. They
were either constructed with the help of state credit or by private
investment. In addition, more than 600,000 houses were built in the
rural areas.,
area of 560,000 m4. In addition, 12,600 houses were built by private
investment.
Czechoslovakia constructed 48,000 apartments (13,200 of the total
through private investment) in 1955. Hungary completed construction
of approximately 30,000 new apartments.
Housing area in Albania was enlarged by 117,000 m2.
In Poland about 150,000 rooms were completed for occupancy. Workers
in Rumania received a total of 740,000 m2 of room space in 1955.
Plan for retail business in the socialist sector for 1955 was ful-
filled in Czechoslovakia to 1021,9, in Bulgaria to 101.9%, in Poland to
101%. The plan was also exceeded in the Soviet Union.
Compared with 1954 sales of the socialist retail business reflected
the followin7 gains for consumer goods:
Increase in State and Cooperative Retail Business
Returns for 1955 Compared with 1954 in %
Soviet Czecho- Bulgaria Hungary Poland Rumania
Union slovakia
State and Coopera-
tive Retail
Business, total 5 11 - 5 11 10
Breakdown:
Cities
Rural Areas
Food
Industrial com-
modities
61
12 - - -
16.2 - 122 -
1. Returns of cooperatives in rural areas. 2. Returns in shops of the
Union of Farm Cooperatives "Rolnicka Vzae;.na Pomoc" (Farm Mutual Aid).
Sales of farm produce on domestic market by Rumanian agricult..ral
cooperatives rose 30`r compared with 195!, .
 Expansion of retail business facilities was a contributing factor to
improved consu.ner supplying. Czechoslovakia opened 546 new sale shops,
Bulgaria 388 new stores and 588 cafeterias (54 in rural areas); Hungary
expanded the retail business facilities by approximately 500 sale shops
and cafeterias; in Poland number of state stores was increased by 3,100
units and of retail business sale shops by 4,100 units. Store facilities
of state and
enlarged by
area number
cooperative business
in the`Rumanian People's Republic were
more than 3,300
units
(including
950
cafeterias);
in rural
of cooperative
stores
increased
by
almost 1,500
units
(including more th,n500 cafeterias).
Increase in retail business in basic commodities compared with
1954 (in %):
Soviet Czecho- Bulgaria Hungary Poland Rumania
Union slovakia
cities rural
and areas
workers
com:mun~ -
ties
Meat
4 18
7
-
31 -
meat Products
7
5 25.1
-
-
19 -
Fish and Fish
Products
14
- -
-
-
38 -
Bread
-
- -
11
-
- -
`u.7ar
-
4 8.6
7
6
21 -
Milk and Nilk
Products
25
- -
4
91
- -
Butter
-
2 -
-
12
- -
Cheese
8
- 14.9
-
-
52 -
Eggs
17
- - -
5
- -
Fruit
28
15 - -
-
12 -
Beer
-
5 - 18
-
- -
Cotton
Textiles
-
- 6.3 -
9
- 9
Wool Textiles
-
- 8.5 -
8
4 13
Silk Textiles
4
- 35.7 -
10
- 9
Footwear
3
- 22.2 -
102
212 362
Furniture
18
12 - -
16
83 160
Radios
20
- - -
49
- -
Televisions
60
130 - -
-
- -
Bicycles
17
- - -
39
- -
Motorcycles
15
120 - -
51
- -
Cement
19
76 73.5 -
143
- -
Bricks
-
41 - -
23
- 10
1. ':ilk only
2. Leather Shoes 3. In stores of as7,raculturai cooDera-
tives
Compared Y-d.Lh workers in Hungary bought 25,000 more bicycles
and 102,000 more stoves; purchase of utensils increased b 91 ^.'.illion
forint, furniture by 215 ..illion forint and buildinT materials by 300
Billion forint.
Ferei-n trade showed further increase 955. eturrs of fore ~
ride exceeie .~ the 1954 level in Czechoslovakia b- 15", Hu
i.. -ar- b
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STAT
In the Bulgarian People's Republic the structure of exports
underwent a substantial change; whereas in 1939 only 3.8% of exports
were industrial products and 96.2% farm produce, in 1955 industrial
exports reached 44.5% and farm produce exports declined to 55.5%.
Economic relations with foreign nations were further developed.
In 1955 Bulgaria traded with 52 countries, Polish People's Republic
with 85 countries and the Rumanian People's Republic with 62 countries.
Balance of foreign trade in the Hungarian People's Republic was
active, but below the level stated in the plan. Trade of the Rumanian
People's Republic was balanced.
Total employment in the national economy reached 47.9 million at
the end of 1955 in the Soviet Union, and in Poland 6.5 million.
Compared with 1954 the employment gain in the Soviet Union was
1,100,000 persons (of which 700,000 was in industry, construction,
agriculture, transportation and communications; 170,000 in schools,
scientific, research and cultural institutes; 130,000 in hospitals,
sanatoria and health resorts; 100,000 in commerce, food services,
housing and communal economies).
In Rumania employment in tae socialist sector of the national
economy increased by 75,000 persons and in Poland by 4% (almost 4%
in the socialist sector of industry; 3% in transportation and com-
munications; 5% in commerce and food services).
In Czechoslovakia employment in industry increased by 2% compared
with. 1954: employment in construction and outfitting services declined
by 6%.
In Poland employment in state farms increased by 7% compared with
1954.
In the Soviet Union, vocational, trade and railroad schools, insti-
tutes fcr mechanization of agriculture and schools for work reserves
graduated over 650,000 young qualified workers in 1955. They were
placed in industry, construction work, transportation and agriculture
and more than 280,000 mechanizers were placed in agriculture.
In Poland, state farms and state machine and tractor stations and
agricultural administrations accepted for employment additional 4,100
agrotechnicians, veterinary technicians, mechanizers and similarly
qualified workers in 1955. In addition, schooling was provided for
13,500 tractor operators, 400 brigadiers for tractor brigades, and
1,000 combine operators in order to meet the demand of Polish state
farms and state machine and tractor stations.
In the Soviet Union 7.6 million workers and employees ilrproved
their qualifications in 1955 through individual cr group in service
traininF. Poland provided factory schooling for some 700,000 workers
and Rumania for 125,000.
Compared with 1554 average wages and income of workers in the national
economy increased in Czechoslovakir, b:: 2% and in Bulgaria by 3.8 .
 Planned productivity increase for 1955 in industry was exceede:: in
Hungary by 3.8%.
Soviet
Union
Czecho-
slovakia
Bulgaria Hungary
Poland Rumania
Industry
P
8
4.7 6.1
6 ii
Constructi oiz
10
9
8.2 -
8 -
Transportation
-
-
5.7 -
- -
In Albania productivity in various industrial fields increasesd
from 1.3% to 27% compared with 1954. In Hungary, rate of productivity
increase in industry under ministerial management reached 6.8%, in
local economy 5.4%, in cooperative industry 3.6g. In Rumania ministerial
management raised productivity level in metallurgical and machine industry
by 1.8 in chemical industry by 166% and in building materin1s industry
by 17`%.
The Soviet Union introduced during 1955 in industry, construction
work and transportation approximately 1 million inventions, technical
refinements and efficiency improve.^.ents suggested by workers. In
Czechoslovakia workers in national economy submitted o'-... 120,000
improvement suggestions and in Poland a total of 273,0..,O of which
184,000 were approved (15% more than in 1954). Bulgarian industry
received in 1955, 31,000 improvement suggestions (4,000 more than in
1954). Rumanian industry approved in 1955 over 30,000 suggested
improvements.
National income in the Soviet Union increased by 101 over 1954,
in Czechoslovakia by 9%, in Bulgaria by 14% and according to the pre-
liminary reports by 8% in Poland, and in Rumania by 19
Increase above
1954
Population received in various subsidies,
payments and relief 154 billicn rubles 5%
Collective farmers, receipts per work units 37C million pud
grain
Money payments to collective farmers and workers
of tractor stations per work units about 10%
Total income based on "Rise of wages, payments
and goods received b farmers, payments and sub-
sidies from, state sources in comp arable values:
laborers and employees
farmers
Private deposits in savings banks over 5 billion
rubles
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Czechoslovakia
Personal consumption of population
Deposits in savings banks
over 1,609 million
crowns
Poland
Actual wages of workers and employees 6%
Actual income of farmers 7%
Rumania
Actual wages of laborers and employees 8%
Total of various payments, subsidies and relief 949.5 million
from, state sources leu
Payments and goods received by working farmers
and their family members 15%
Private deposits in savings banks 82%
Number of depositors 31%
Reduction in state retail prices in 1955 represented a total savings
of over 1.3 billion crowns for the citizens ._n Czechoslovakia; 500
million lees in Bulgaria (through fifth price reduction); around 2.4
billion zlotys in Poland (through third price reduction); and 600
million leus in Rumania.
In Rumania, rise in actual income and 2 reductions of retail prices
brought increased food consumption. The increase over 1954 is reflected
in the data compiled from family bills and is as follows:
meat
-33%
fats
31%
fish
23%
rice
37%
milk
6%
potatoes
11%
eggs
19%
bread
3%
fats
25%
eggs
22%
milk
13%
meat
3%
Special emphasis on education resulted in increased number of
schools, classrooms, etc.
Constructed or Established Increase
in 1955 over 1954
Space capacity in newly
constructed schools
20,000
- 17 -
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STAT
Hungary
Element.:.ry schools
High Schools
7-grade gram-,ax, schools
(total) 606
of which in rural areas 495
Classrooms in grammar schools
11.4 with 338
classrooms
9 wi t h 45
classrooms
Following table indicates number of students and graduates of different
educational levels:
Students in all grades, insti-
tutes and industrial schools
Students }n 8th-10th grades
of high schools (total
almost 35 million
157,000
in rural areas
Graduates of 10th grade
90,000
high schools
23e
Students of industrial high
schools2
000
1
900
100
000
,
,
,
University
students
1,865,000
135,000
Graduates
of universities
and industrial high schools
640,000
70,000
Students in general education
schools
1,090,000
Students in industrial and
specialized high schools
58,937
Graduates of industrial and
specialized high schools
15,506
University students!
37,049
University graduates
4,421
Number of students Increase over
in school year school year
1955/56 1954/55
Students in elementary
schools 1,916,000 30
Students in 9th-11th grades
of 11-grade high schools 15:
Students in professional and
pedagogic schools 2L
Degree students in univer-
sities 48, 500 -D >0
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Special studies for workers
in professional and high
schools over 51,000
in universities over 22,000
Students in institutes for
state reserve forces and 139,000
in factory trade schools
Number of graduates
in 1955
Graduates of professional and
pedagogic schools 11%
University graduates l8;0
Graduates of mining, rail-
road and other specialized
institutes for work
reserve forces and of
factory trade schools 68,000
Students in general education
schools
Students in high schools
University students
Number of students increase over
in school year school year
1955/56 1954/55
1,226,000
1.51, 700
43, 800
Number of students Increase over
in 1955 1954
Students in 1st grade
granrrar schools
668,500
7%
Students in all grades
grammar schools
Students in lyceum
201,000
University graduates
24,800
12;a
Number of graduates
in 1955
Graduates
schools
University
of technical high
21,800
graduates 7,700
1. including schools for vcunr -workers and farmers.
2. lncltx:inz
circuit schools. 3.
university studies.
Including night classes. 4. Includin~z special
in
Hun:-ary 504 of the graduates of elementary schools about
20
of
'.irh school graduates
continue
their studies at.
leve'
In
the
acader._c year 1a55/5~.
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Among the 17,772 university graduates in Bulgaria for the period
1953-55, 3,755 were doctors, 2,261 agronomists, 3,754 engineers,
2,446 economists and 3,069 pedagogists.
Care for preschool age children was broadened. In Bulgaria number
of nursery schools rose from 5,216 in 1952 to 6,280 in 1955. Hungary
opened 27 new nursery schools with 1,600 spaces. In Poland number of
children attending nursery schools increased to 3:5,000, or 2% over
1954; during field work seasc s over 65,000 children were placed in
nursery schools in rural areas.
Growing cultural needs of population and effective support given to
cultural life by the appropriate authorities were responsible for con-
siderablr increase in fulfillment of the plan for individual sectors of
cultural life.
In the Soviet Union, number
of libraries reached a total of 390,000
with approximately 1,300 million
volumes. The Bulgarian libraries
(minimum of 500 books per unit)
had in the first half of 1955 over 11
million volumes,
half of 1952.
or an increase
of 4 million compared with the first
Soviet Union
-
over 1 billion
Czechoslovakia
4,400
1)
Hungary
17, 500
45 million
Rumania over
2,8002)
35.4 million
1) Average printing 10,600 copies. 2) Including brochures
The total number of books published in Hungary increased by :l54
over 1954. In Rumania ogf the total published books and brochures
(35.4 million copies) approximately 2,859,000 were technical and
scientific publications and over 3 million books were printed in the
languages of national minorities.
In 1955, 70 theaters in Czechoslovakia staged 26,230 performances.
Attendance at these performances reached 12.8 million. In Hungary
11,700 theater and opera performances were attended by app: oxi;r.ately
6.6 million persons durin, 1955. The number of performances increased
by 18;~ above 1954. In Poland
rose 6% above 1954.
number of theaters and music institutes
In Onera-ion at
the ?nd of 1955
Increase over T'ota increase
195' (-7_1liion) i5 '.
over
Soviet Union
over 58,000
about 3,000 -
Czechoslovakia
3,:?-
- T 3.~ .G`v
Hungary
3, 50
- l.. l.. ...' 1~_..r.
 In Rumania total attendance of theater, opera and film performances
and symphonic concerts increased 25% over 1954.
Number of radio owners at the end of 1955 in Czechoslovakia totalled
2.8 million; in Hungary 1,430,000, and in Ru:.ania 1,164,000. Increase
over 1954 was 4% in Czechoslovakia, 13% in Hungary and 27% in Rumania.
The total number of hospital beds and doctors increased in 1955
as follows:
Soviet Union
over
60,000
almost 12,000
1
Czechoslovakia
4,00
749
Bulgaria
18%
Hungary
2,900
1003
Poland
7,000
1. Physician positions. 2. Compared with 1952. 3. District physicians;
124 vacanices still existed at the end of 1955
Production of medications, hospital equipment and instruments in-
creased 2q% in the Soviet Union compared with 1954. In Hungary total of
workhours for specialists in the health institutes increased b' 9%
compared with 1954.
Space capacity in sanatoria and rest centers increased by 14,000
in the Soviet Union. Czechoslovakia opened during the pa-'- year 8 new
hospitals, 8 maternity hospitals, 2 institutes for infant care, 8
children homes, etc.
Further development of health services and social welfare in 1955 is
reflected in the following data:
Number of Patients, increase over
Recuperants 1954
Health Care
Czechoslovakia
State balneolo-ical institutes
Health institutes of ROH
74,000
over 150,000
Recreation
Soviet Union
Health resorts for adults
-
Summer camps for children
5,800,000
Health resorts of ROH
over 225,000
Health resorts of factories
over 100,000
 Recreation camps and health
resorts for school youth over 1?,0,000
Recreation centers and
resorts for adults
Recreation centers for
children
Health resorts for adults over 12.5,000
Sumner camps for children 127,352
Health resorts for adults over 469,000 l0.0a
Su.