INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM IN 1978

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• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 2003
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 1, 1979
• Content Type: PAPER

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Assessment
Center
International Terrorism
In 1978
RP 79-10149
March 1979
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oreign
Assessment
Center
International Terrorism
in 1978
A Research Paper
Information as of 14 January 1979 has been used
in preparing this report.
Comments and queries on this unclassified report
are welcomed and may be directed to:
Director for Public Affairs
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C., 20505
[phone]
For information on obtaining additional copies,
see the inside of front cover.
RP 79-10149
March 1979
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Deaths and Injuries Due to International Terrorist Attacks,'
1968-78
R Wounded Total: 5,078
Killed Total: 2,102
Figure 1
1. Casualty figures are particularly susceptible to fluctuations due to inclusion of especially bloody incidents, e.g.,
exclusion of the 1978 explosion at a Beirut building housing Palestinian guerrilla organizations, which some reports
credited to rival terrorists, would subtract 150 deaths from that year's total. Incluiinn of the mass suicide/murder
by the Peoples' Temple members in Guyana in November 1978 would add more than 900 deaths.
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International Terrorism
In 1978'
Most established patterns of international terrorist
behavior in 1977 continued into 1978, including
attacks on Western diplomatic and business facilities,
an emphasis on simple types of operations, and a
preference for striking targets in industrialized democ-
racies. Significant changes have included the escala-
tion of international terrorism in Central America and
setbacks to some European and Palestinian terrorist
organizations. The year also ushered in some East
European antiterrorist cooperation with the West and
the first international antihijacking agreement with
potentially effective enforcement measures.
Trends
Developments relating to international terrorism in
1978 showed several major patterns and trends:
? For the year as a whole, there was an increase in the
number of international incidents and their attendant
casualties (see figures 1 and 2), matching the levels
observed in the latter part of 1977. Much of the
increase can be attributed to the export of Middle
Eastern conflicts to Western Europe. Israeli oranges
were found poisoned in a dozen European cities, while
Iraq and Fatah battled each other in European
capitals.
? Terrorists continue to prefer operations in the
industrialized democracies of Western Europe and
North America. More than half of all incidents were
recorded in these regions (see table 1, in appendix).
? In Latin America the geographic locus of terrorism
shifted. While guerrilla violence has declined in its
historic arena-the Southern Cone-it has increased
in Central America, most notably in Guatemala, El
Salvador, and Nicaragua. Kidnapings in San Salvador
of Swedish, British, Japanese, and local business
executives have severely diminished corporate confi-
dence in El Salvador. In Nicaragua, the Sandinista
National Liberation Front's takeover of the National
Palace in August was that group's greatest success. It
'This paper draws upon a conceptual framework developed in three
earlier studies: International and Transnational Terrorism: Diagno-
sis and Prognosis (PR 76-10030, April 1976); International
Terrorism in 1976 (RP 77-10034U, July 1977); and International
Terrorism in 1977 (RP 78-10255U, August 1978).
secured the release of imprisoned comrades, obtained
$5 million in ransom, and directed enormous interna-
tional attention to FSLN activities and to the Nicara-
guan political situation. The new round of civil violence
that was sparked by the incident presented the Somoza
government with its most serious challenge.
? There were more attacks than the previous year, both
in relative and absolute terms, on US citizens and
property (see table 2). Most of this increase was due to
the deteriorating security situation in Iran, in which
antiforeign-and especially anti-US-sentiment was
translated into scores of firebombings and threats
against individuals and facilities.
? Officials and businessmen-especially individuals
who are symbols of Western power and wealth-are
still the primary targets. Tourists and other private
citizens are victimized only incidentally (for example,
as passengers on a hijacked airliner).
International Terrorist Incidents, Figure 2
1968-78
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Geographic Distribution of Figure 3
International Terrorist Attacks,
1968-78
Total: 3,043
Oceania 19 USSR/Eastern Europe 12
? Despite the publicity given to occasional sophisticated
operations (such as the kidnaping of Italy's Aldo Moro,
the reciprocal assassination campaign between Fatah
and the Iraqis, and the Sandinista takeover of
Nicaragua's legislative chambers), most terrorist at-
tacks continue to be simple bombings, arsons, snipings,
or threats.
? One innovation in technique and targeting that
caused widespread alarm was the poisoning of Israeli
oranges in Western Europe. This operation-believed
to be the work of Arab terrorists-showed an unusual
willingness to relinquish control over the choice of
individual targets. The Abadan, Iran, theater fire in
which at least 377 persons died-an equally indis-
criminate operation-may indicate that at least some
groups are becoming less worried about harming
potential supporters or innocent bystanders.'
Geographic Distribution of
International Terrorist Attacks
Figure 4
Directed Against US Targets, 1968-78
Total: 1,271
Oceania 3
Fortunes of Major Groups
The Italian Red Brigades succeeded in generating
international publicity by kidnaping Aldo Moro,
Italy's leading political figure. Terrorists also carried
out less dramatic attacks against judges, newsmen,
police officers, employes of large industries, and
middle-level political figures, including attacks on
Italian executives of American firms, a target that had
generally been spared. Despite press speculation, it is
still uncertain whether foreign intelligence services or
non-Italian terrorist groups were involved in these
actions.
Other major groups have been less successful than the
Red Brigades. West German radicals, while embar-
rassing government officials by conducting a daring
prison escape, suffered severe setbacks when various of
their members were arrested in Yugoslavia, Bulgaria,
Switzerland, France, the Netherlands, and even one in
the United States. Whine still a potential threat, these
terrorists have not mounted a major international
attack since the Schleycr-Lufthansa episode in late
1977.
'The mass murder/suicide of 900 members of the Peoples' Temple
in Guyana, while paralleling the fanatic devotion to a cause
demonstrated by many terrorist groups, is not considered an act of
international terrorism in this study.
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Fatah, generally believed to be the most moderate
Palestinian guerrilla group, made headlines because of
its feud with Iraq and the Black June organization,
headed by Fatah dissident Abu Nidhal. Both sides
mounted attacks on each other in capital cities on three
continents during the summer. The vendetta's violence
decreased from the daily battles in early August,
although verbal barrages from both sides continued
during the fall. Fatah denounced the Baghdad regime
almost daily, while Abu Nidhal, already under a 1974
Fatah death sentence, pledged to assassinate PLO
leader Yasir Arafat. Recent public statements seem to
indicate an Iraqi-Fatah rapprochement, although
Black June's position remains unclear.
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine was
dealt a setback with the death by natural causes of
Wadi Haddad, noted planner and organizer of
transnational terrorist operations. Although indi-
viduals claiming PFLP membership mounted bloody
attacks at Paris's Orly Airport, and on a London street,
the future of the Haddad faction remains unclear. The
majority of the PFLP, led by George Habash, has not
been successful in wooing the Haddad wing back into
the fold.
Revolutionaries around the world, including terrorists,
mourned the assassination of Henri Curiel, leader of a
Paris-based support apparatus that funneled money,
arms, documents, training, and other services to scores
of leftist groups. While his organization will probably
continue to function, no successor has emerged with
the contacts and charisma Curiel was able to muster.
The Japanese Red Army continued to be relatively
quiescent. The JRA sent reminders of its exploits to its
former hostages, but has not mounted an operation
since its September 1977 Japanese Airlines hijacking,
during which it freed imprisoned comrades, obtained a
$6 million ransom, and embarrassed the Japanese
Government. Although authorities feared that the
JRA would seize upon local Japanese political issues-
such as the Narita Airport controversy-to forge links
with domestic radicals, no local operations have
occurred.
The whereabouts of Carlos-the notorious Venezuelan
terrorist who led the PFLP-West German team in the
1975 OPEC raid-remains a mystery.
The Ananda Marg-an India-based religious group
that first appeared on the international scene in
1977-seems to have been mollified with the release of
its spiritual leader, Prabhat R. Sarkar, from an Indian
prison. During 1977, activist members of this group
conducted attacks against Indian nationals on several
continents, but were relatively inactive in 1978.
Patron State Support
Radical Arab states opposed to a political settlement
with Israel have continued to work closely with
extremist Palestinian terrorist groups. Iraq's use of
Black June as surrogates in battling the moderate
Fatah was particularly noteworthy.
Libya, often characterized as a major patron of various
terrorist groups throughout the world, has recently
taken steps towards improving its image in the West.
In November Colonel Qadhafi met with the West
German Interior Minister to discuss closer cooperation
against terrorists. In December the Libyan Interior
Minister vowed to arrest and extradite any German
terrorists seeking refuge.
After having previously used support for national
liberation movements as an excuse for footdragging in
antiterrorist efforts, East European governments have
shown some signs of cooperation in combating terror-
ism. The Bulgarians, clearly with Soviet approval,
allowed a West German team to arrest Red Army
Faction member Till Meyer and his anarchist associ-
ates. The Yugoslavs also arrested four West German
terrorists, but allowed them to travel to an undisclosed
country in retaliation for Bonn's denial of Belgrade's
request for the return of several Croatian terrorists.
Finally, tourists have noted photographs of terrorists
being checked against incoming passengers by East
European guards at border checkpoints. Despite these
favorable signs, it is not clear whether the Soviet and
East European governments will expand their concern.
beyond West German radicals and also help to curb
Arab terrorist activities.
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Nationality of Victims
of International Terrorist Attacks,1
1968-78
Transregional
9
0.3%
Oceania
]1o
0.3%
Sub-Saharan
31
Africa
3.0%
Asia
122
Figure 5
Antiterrorist Countermeasures
Businesses continued to search for defensive methods
tailored to their own ;reeds. Several multinational
corporations preferred to pay off terrorist ransom and
publicity demands rather than cooperate in govern-
ment-declared "no concessions" policies. Many orga-
nizations were formed solely to advise executives on
how to cope with political violence. Representatives of
other nongovernmenul organizations, including edu-
cational institutions and the media, explored ways of
cooperating with governmental efforts to combat
terrorism.
j 4.0%
Middle East
99
and
19
7%
North Africa
.
Western
990
Europe
L 32.5%
North
America
1. The percentage of the total number of incidents
around the world appears under the total num-
ber of incidents involving victims from that
region. Percentages sum to more than 100 due
to incidents in which victims were from several
regions.
1978 proportions are represented by red
sections of bars.
The development of antiterrorist paramilitary squads
may have deterred terrorists from holding groups of
hostages for prolonged periods, a type of incident that
has been comparatively rare this year. The one
instance in which a rescue team was used, however,
resulted in dismal failure. An apparent breakdown in
communication between Cyprus and Egypt led Cypriot
troops to fire on an Egyptian commando contingent
that was storming a hijacked airliner at Larnaca
Airport.
Regional cooperation was especially evident among
European countries faced by terrorism. The European
Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism came into
force for 18 of 20 Council of Europe members, with
only Ireland and Malta remaining outside the agree-
ment. The convention calls for extradition or prosecu-
tion of individuals suspected of certain offenses,
whatever their motivasion. In October the European
Economic Community Justice Ministers announced a
supplementary agreement among the Nine that solves
some technical legal difficulties of the European
Convention. The Nine pledged to consider more far-
reaching French proposals to establish a "common
judicial zone." Also during the fall, European minis-
ters met in Vienna to establish procedures for sharing
information on terrorists and to unify antiterrorist
training programs.
The most notable development in international
cooperation to combat terrorism was the antihijacking
proposal made at the Bonn economic summit confer-
ence in July. The seven participants agreed to cut off
air commerce with nations refusing to extradite or
prosecute hijackers and/or to return hijacked planes.
578397 3-79
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This is the first antihijacking agreement that includes
an enforcement mechanism. Although many technical
legal questions regarding implementation remain to be
answered, the international response has been gener-
ally favorable.
Implications for 1979
Several patterns seen in 1978 are expected to carry
over into the new year:
? Regional patterns of victimization and location of
operations are likely to remain virtually unchanged.
Representatives of affluent countries, particularly
government officials and business executives, will
remain attractive targets. Western Europe, Latin
America, and the Middle East again are likely to be
the main trouble spots. American persons and property
will continue to be attacked on occasion, although
improvements in US official and corporate security
should deter many potential attacks.
? Acts of terrorism related to the Palestinian issue will
almost certainly continue. Despite recent statements
by moderate Palestinian leaders on the possibility of
living in peace with Israel if a Palestinian state is
created, extremists can be expected to demonstrate
their rejecton of a political solution of the Arab-Israeli
dispute: Attacks within Israel, at times victimizing
nationals of third countries, were undertaken even by
the moderates during 1978.
? The vast majority of incidents will continue to
involve bombings and incendiary attacks, in part
because neither poses great risk to the perpetrators.
Although added security precautions at sensitive
facilities, a business exodus from unstable areas, and
paramilitary rescue squads may deter spectacular
confrontational attacks, these measures clearly cannot
protect all potential-if less sensitive-targets from
simple hit-and-run operations.
? The development and implementation of more effec-
tive international countermeasures will continue to be
impeded by differing moral perspectives among states,
and a natural reluctance on the part of many states to
commit themselves to any course of action that might
invite retribution-either by terrorist groups or by
states sympathetic to the terrorists' cause. Regional
cooperation by like-minded governments faced with
similar problems, however, is expected to expand. West
European successes may set an example for govern-
ments in other regions.
The coming year is expected to be characterized by
some new developments as well.
? Terrorists will try to adapt their tactical repertoire to
counter the countermeasures adopted by government
and private security services. These adaptations prob-
ably will include changes in target selection, improve-
ments in terrorist planning and other aspects of
tradecraft, and, possibly, an overall increase in techno-
logical sophistication (for example, use of more com-
pact conventional explosives).
? West German terrorists, having suffered reverses
during the past year, are likely to feel greater pressure
to remind their domestic and international sympathiz-
ers that they remain revolutionary leaders by engaging
in operations at home or overseas.
Although the oscillations in the overall level of terrorist
activity in recent years render predictions hazardous, it
is doubtful that there will be many more terrorist
incidents in 1979 than in 1978. A cyclical pattern
seems to have been established. For the typical
terrorist group, a period of considerable activity lasting
several weeks or months usually is followed by a lull, as
governments adapt to terrorist tactics, group leaders
are arrested, problems of logistics or morale arise, and
popular sympathy wanes. In time new terrorist recruits
may appear, new methods may be developed, and a
more favorable political climate may return. Then a
new cycle for that group may begin. But as new or
revitalized groups arise, others become dormant, and
some eventually disappear.
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International Terrorist Incidents by Category,
1968-78
Letter
Bombing
Total: 162
Incendiary
Bombing
Total: 437
Theft, Break-in
Total: 76
Armed Attack
Total: 162
Sniping
Total: 63
Hijacking'
Total: 92
Figure 6
other Action2
Total: 76
1. Includes hijacking of modes of transportation for air, sea, or land, but excludes numerous non-terrorist hijackings.
2. Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts with police, and sabotage.
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Appendix
Statistics on
International Terrorism
This study employs computerized data based solely on
unclassified material published during the past decade.
While this technique promotes a historical and com-
parative perspective, the tallies should be treated with
caution. The sharp rise in recorded terrorist incidents
over the past decade may reflect not only a real
increase in such activity but also more comprehensive
and systematic reporting by the press. On the other
hand, many incidents probably have not been reported.
In addition, there are many significant gaps in our
knowledge about specific incidents and groups, and
even those terrorist organizations and actions on which
there is reliable information do not always fit neatly
into the categories that have been created for them.
Moreover, the number of incidents under review is so
small that inadvertent omissions or erroneous classifi-
cation could have a numerically significant impact. In
many cases in which the perpetrator is unknown,
attribution to terrorists may be misleading. The action
may have been undertaken by criminals, psychotics, or
revenge-seeking individuals with specific nonpolitical
grievances.
The criteria used in the present study are unavoidably
arbitrary. For the purpose of this enumeration, inter-
national terrorism is defined as the threat or use of
violence for political purposes when (1) such action is
intended to influence the attitude and behavior of a
target group wider than its immediate victims, and (2)
its ramifications transcend national boundaries (as the
result, for example, of the nationality or foreign ties of
its perpetrators, its locale, the identity of its institu-
tional or human victims, its declared objectives, or the
mechanics of its resolution). The statistics exclude
terrorist attacks on US and allied personnel and
installations during the Indochina conflict. They also
exclude the assassinations and cross-border operations
associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict, unless those
incidents either victimized noncombatant nationals of
states outside the principal area of conflict or became
the object of international controversy. The figures
also exclude bombings, shellings, and incursions by
conventional forces. Related but separately targeted
actions undertaken by a single terrorist group are
counted as individual incidents, even when they were
staged on the same day and in close proximity to one
another. Terrorist operations that miscarried (as
opposed to those that were abandoned or countered
during the planning or staging phases) are counted.
Geographic Distribution of International
Terrorist Incidents 1968-78
Target
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972_
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Total*
North America
35
7
23
24
18
18
38
51
37
23
19
293 (9.7)
Latin America
41
71
113
70
49
80
124
48
105
46
61
808 (26.6)
Western Europe
16
31
58
38
112
141
151
109
179
129
166
1,130 (38.1)
USSR/Eastern Europe
0
1
1
2
1
0
1
2
0
2
3
12(0.4)
Sub-Saharan Africa
0
7
8
4
4
4
9
18
16
20
24
114 (3.7)
Middle East and North
Africa
18
32
60
52
35
21
47
56
62
48
61
492 (16.1)
10
11
13
14
8
16
171 (5.6)
Oceania
0
5
1
2
3
1
1
0
0
3
3
19(0.6)
Transregional
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4(0.1)
Total
111
166
282
216
269
275
382
297
413
279
353
3,043
* Figures in parentheses are percentages of the total accounted for
by each region.
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International Terrorist Attacks on US Citizens or Property
1968-78, by Category of Target
Target
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Total?
US diplomatic officials or
property
property
officials or property
12
17
52
51
22
19
12
12
2
21
22
252
(19.8)
US business facilities or
executives
6
35
24
40
44
US private citizens
3
7
17
5
12
10
13
27
26
13
21
154
(12.2)
Total
51
93
188
153
109
102
139
104
125
84
122
1,270
* Figures in parentheses are percentages of the total accounted for
by each category of target.
International Terrorist Incidents,
1968-78, by Category of Attack
1977
1978
Total'
Kidnaping
1 3
32
17
11
37
25
38
30
22
27
243 (8.0)
Barricade-hostage
0 0
5
1
3
8
9
14
4
5
11
60(2.0)
Letter bombing
3 4
3
1
92
22
16
3
11
2
5
162 (5.3)
Incendiary bombing
12
22
53
30
15
31
37
20
91
57
69
437 (14.4)
------
36
239
169
176
131
133
1,473 (48.4)
Armed att
ck
11 13
8
8
9
10
21
11
21
14
36
162 (5
3)
a
-
-
.
Hijacking 2
3 11
21
9
14
6
8
4
6
8
2
92(3.0)
7 4
46
12
10
18
12
20
48
23
29
199 (6.5)
3 7
22
10
1
0
8
8
5
0
12
76(2.5)
Sniping
3 2
7
3
4
3
11
3
9
14
6
9
63(2.1)
Other actions
1 3
11
0
4
4
4
1
7
11
20
76(2.5)
' Figures in parentheses are percentages of the total accounted for by
each category of attack.
3 Includes hijackings of means of air, sea, or land transport, but
excludes numerous nonterrorist hijackings.
' Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
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Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Incidents,
1968-78, by Category of Attack
North
America
Latin
America
Western
Europe
USSR/
Eastern
Europe
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Middle
East/North
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Trans-
regional
Total
Kidnaping
2
133
23
0
39
33
11
2
0
243
Barricade-hostage
6
11
23
0
2
15
3
0
0
60
Letter bombing
14
9
78
0
14
6
37
0
4
162
Incendiary bombing
29
69
249
2
4
52
28
4
0
437
Explosive bombing
198
388
575
7
10
237
46
12
0
1,437
Armed attack
2
33
34
1
21
58
13
0
0
162
Hijacking'
5
22
19
0
7
24
15
0
0
92
Assassination
15
56
_ 69
0
15
31
12
1
0
199
Theft, break-in
3
44
13
0
0
14
2
0
0
76
Sniping
11
28
8
1
1
11
3
0
0
63
Other actions 2
8
15
39
1
1
11
1
0
0
76
Total
293
808
1,130
12
114
492
171
19
4
3,043
' Includes hijackings by means of air, sea, or land transport, but
excludes numerous nonterrorist hijackings.
2 Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
International Terrorist Attacks on US Citizens or Property
1968-78, by Category of Attack
1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Total'
Kidnaping
1
2
17
9
2
20
8
20
7
4
5
95
(7.5)
Barricade-hostage
0
0
3
0
1
2
2
1
1
3
0
13
(1.0)
Letter bombing
2
1
2
0
3
0
1
0
2
1
0
12
(1.0)
Incendiary bombing
12
18
40
26
13
19
25
4
36
24
49
266
(20.9)
Explosive bombing
30
58
77
93
73
52
90
63
44
35
40
655
(51.5)
Armed attack
1
4
3
4
6
6
5
3
8
3
11
54
(4.2)
Hijacking 2
0
4
12
3
4
0
0
2
5
4
0
34
(2.8)
Assassination
3
2
9
2
2
3
2
7
13
5
6
54
(4.2)
Theft, break-in
0
3
15
8
0
0
3
3
1
0
8
41
(3.2)
Sniping
2
1
5
2
2
0
3
1
5
4
3
28
(2.2)
Other actions
0
0
5
6
3
0
0
0
3
1
1
19
(1.5)
Total
51
93
188
153
109
102
139
104
125
84
123
1,271
' Figures in parentheses are percentages of the total accounted for by
each category of attack.
2 Includes hijackings of means of air, sea, or land transport, but
excludes numerous nonterrorist hijackings, many of which involved
US aircraft.
' Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
 Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Incidents,
1978, by Category of Attack
Barricade-hostage
Letter bombing
Incendiary bombing
Explosive bombing 8
Armed attack 0
Hijacking ' 0
Sniping
Other-'
' Includes hijackings by means of air, sea, or land transport, but
excludes numerous nonterrorist hijackings.
I Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Attacks
On US Citizens or Property, 1968-78, by Category of Attack
North Latin Western USSR Sub-
America America Europe Eastern Saharan
Europe Africa
Kidnaping
58
1
0
Barricade-hostage
2
1
0
Letter bombing
2
1
0
Incendiary bombing
Explosive bombing
4
Armed attack
3
Hijacking
0
Assassination
2
5
Theft, break-in
0
Sniping
Other actions'
2
Total'
474
245
' Includes hijackings of means of air or land transport, but excludes
numerous nonterrorist hijackings many of which involved US
aircraft.
2 Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
' Figures in parentheses are percentages of the total accounted for by
each region.
Middle Asia Oceania Total
East/Nr+rth
Africa
20
353
Middle Asia Oceania Total
East: North
Afri(a
0
4
0
12
41
21
4
266
16
36
3
655
14
8
0
54
3
10
0
34
14
5
0
54
7
0
0
41
6
3
0
28
8
1
0
19
34
93
7
1,271
Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
 Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Attacks
On US Citizens or Property, 1978, by Category of Attack
North
America
Latin
America
Western
Europe
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Middle
East/North
Africa
Asia
Kidnaping
0
2
0
1
0
2
Incendiary bombing
I
1
15
0
30
2
Explosive bombing
3
5
23
0
6
3
Armed attack
0
3
4
1
1 -
2
Hijacking'
0
0
0
0
0
0
Assassination
1
2
0
1
2
0
Theft, break-in
0
5
3
0
0
0
Sniping
0
1
2
0
0
0
Other z
0
0
0
0
1
0
Total
5
19
47
3
40
9
Includes hijackings of means of air or land transport, but excludes
numerous nonterrorist hijackings many of which involved US
aircraft.
3 Includes occupation of facilities without hostage seizure, shootouts
with police, and sabotage.
Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
 Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8
Approved For Release 2003/09/02 : CIA-RDP80T00942A000800060003-8