TECHNICAL PROPOSAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETER SUPPORT SERVICES FOR IAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00703A000400090001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 82
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: STUDY

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-N.o-vember-1976,
53-7402-0019
6-N-069 ...
Technical Proposal
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETER
SUPPORT SERVICES
''FOR 4S O 1
6 Fr
G & 0 ,F Imagery Analysis
NATIONAL. SECURITY INFORMATION
UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE SUBJECT
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CLASSIFIED BY II
EXEMPT FROM GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION
SCHEDULE OF E.O. 11652, EXEMPTION CATEGORY:
158(1), (i), (3) or (4) (circle one or more)
AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED ON:
m possible to Determine
unless impossible. insert date or avant
WRING NOTICE
SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES
AND METHODS INVOLVED
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Copy No. W of 8 Copies
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FOREWORD
is pleased to submit this
unsolicited proposal for providing Photographic Interpreter services
dfF1a~ o
moo the^lmagery Analysis ? &v- at the National Photographic
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Interpretation Center. For over eighteen years
personnel have been performing detailed photographic interpretation
in support of our own, as well as customer requirements. This
interpretation has been performed on all of the conventional photo-
graphic system images as well as on the more esoteric SLAR, IR,
other radar and other unconventional sensor images. Special atten-
tion has been paid to analysis of
imagery by a number 25X1
of our interpreters. As can be seen.from a review of their resumes,
included at the end of this proposal, many of our interpreters
received their training in the formal military P.I. schools and thus
their background and capabilities should be similar to those of your
own interpreters.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
1. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1.
1.1 Background ................................... 1
2. TECHNICAL APPROACH ........................... 3
3. STATEMENTS OF QUALIFICATIONS .................
A. COMPANY BACKGROUND 6
B. ORGANIZATION ............................ 7
C. FACILITIES, CAPABILITIES & EQUIPMENT .... 12
D. EXPERIENCE 19
D-1 Summaries of Work of General Interest ... 20
D-2 Classified Space-Related -
Capabil ..................... 28
E. PERSONNEL ............................... 51
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
n A 1W2AAA1 AI
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as been involved in the design, evaluation and
reduction of conventional and ,unconventional photogrammetric systems
for almost twenty years.
Fre's been involved in
the reduction, analysis, and interpretation of satellite imagery from
the.beginning of the space program. Much effort has been expended
determining the exploitation potential of such unconventional image
Currently
as a professional
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staff of individuals with expertise in various aspects of
reconnaissance system data reduction and exploitation. Of this group
nearly ten are experienced Photo Interpreters. Other personnel in-
clude senior and junior level Photogrammetrists, Mathematicians,
Computer Programmers and Instrumentation Engineers as well. as the
necessary support staff. Almost all of the staff have at least a
TOP SECRET clearance with access to SI/TK material. Where required,
special level clearances are possessed for work on the latest programs.
The facility itself has a work and storage area dedicated
to SI/TK material exploitation. The photographic interpretation work
which has been performed by this group of individuals is summarized
by the varying job descriptions included in this proposal. They run
from an analysis of chemical, biological and conventional warfare
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storage areas' prepared for the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency to detailed preparation of Object Recognition Guides.2
A number of our contracts dealt with training of customer
personnel in the use of new sensor imagery. In the latest photo
interpreter contract
image interpretation group,
personnel, augmenting an interagency
completed a two year study investigating
the feasibility of orbital unconventional imaging systems. We were
responsible for the training of government personnel in equipment
recognition and thermal characteristics of a variety of high current
intelligence interest targets.
'Aerial Imagery Analysis in Support of FS-32 Ins ection of the Storage
pages witn p o os, his is one example
UL a- of contracts and tasks for the U.S. Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency.
2A multi-year contract to provide Object Recognition Guides for the
Special Activities Branch, Operations Division, IEG, NPIC. The guides
have included artists renderings, drawn to uniform scales, of Soviet
and Chinese AOB, GOB and NOB with detail shown as it would be seen on
photography. Other guides have been prepared as well for use
roughout the intelligence community.
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proposes a time and materials
sonnel can be supplied to carry out the work.
written not to exceed this amount. Then, as tasks are defined,
(T&M) type contract to as being the most suitable for their needs.
A given funding level may be designated by =, and a contract
provide detailed photographic interpretation
of any type desired by the customer. As is common in this field, some
interpreters have more experience with certain sensor images, geographic
regions, and target specialties than others. The specific experience of
each interpreter can be found in the individual's resume presented at
the end of this proposal.
personnel are available to
Photographic Interpreters, as detailed at the end of this
proposal, could be made available as their commitment to other jobs
permits. Specific, long term commitments for specific individuals can
be agreed to during contract negotiations. In order for you to be
able to estimate the cost of a particular level of effort, the follow-
.ing forward pricing rates are given below. These should only be used
for budgetary purposes; final rates will be agreed to during contract
negotations .,_ ewevdr, barring any unforeseen del?ty in the-start f- f
camJ , thSnegat-iated-r_at"hou~d be _c Jose to-those
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Category
Principal Scientist
Senior Scientist
Scientist
Senior Technical Specialist
Associate Scientist
Technical Specialist
Senior Technical Clerk
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The cost of a particular individual may be determined
by comparing his labor category, as determined from his resume,
with the above rates.
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3. STATEMENTS OF QUALIFICATIONS
Of particular interest for this proposal are the summaries
of classified Photographic Interpreter related jobs beginning on page 28
and the detailed personnel resumes'begi.nning on page 51.
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offering research and development services in the then new and exotic
field of remote sensing. In 1962, the firm became part of
it is fully integrated with)
with headquarters and main
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now offers a full range of services in four related technical areas: photogrammetric
mapping, remote sensor image anaLysis, map-based information systems and engineering of photo-
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a diversified, multi-national company of 17 divisions with major sub-
.sidiaries in 14 nations, annually supplies $2 billion worth of high-technology products and
services to: industry, government and consumer markets. The range of
products runs
from electronic components and systems to educational materials, and includes heavy construc-
tion equipment; major appliances; air defense missiles and missile guidance systems; specialized
computers and software; and services for engineering, construction, and geophysical exploration.
In a half century of growth from a small electrical manufacturing firm to the diversified 25X1
company it is today,
integrity, and service.
has developed an international reputation for quality, 25X1
shares fully in this reputation in its sphere of activity, providing a
single source of superior mapping and remote sensing products and services.
was founded independently in 1957 as the
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B. ORGANIZATION
staff of approximately seventy-five is made up of scientists, engineers, ad-
ministrators and highly-skilled technicians drawn from the primary disciplines necessary to the
successful pursuit of all areas of our business. As shown in Figure 1, this staff is organized
on functional lines. The Mapping Operations Department is staffed and equipped to undertake all
facets of photogrammetric mapping, and also to support other
groups with mensuration
and cartographic services as required. The Resource Information Systems Department is respon-
sible for development of map-based information management systems, manual as well as digital, and
for programs involving analysis of natural and cultural resources through interpretation of
remote sensor imagery. The focus of the
is the development of advanced exploitation techniques and applications for airborne
and satellite remote sensing. In addition,
draws upon the engineering, computational,
manufacturing, and managerial resources of the Equipment Division and other elements of
to meet unusual technical requirements
as they arise. The relationship of the
Operation to Equipment Division is shown in Figure 2, the entire Company in Fig5X1 3, and the
lin Figure 4.
Through years of national and international experience, as also devel-
oped a network of professional and academic associations in the disciplines which immediately
support or utilize our technology, such as ground survey, aerial photography, remote sensor data
collection, geology and geomorphology, and digital equipment manufacture, to name a few. When
programs require it, we also provide goods and services drawn from such disciplines on the basis
of rigorously specified subcontracts with firms and individuals of proven capability.
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C. FACILITIES, CAPABILITIES & EQUIPMENT
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I cork is carried out in several laboratories equipped to meet the requirements of
0 one or more of its business areas. Central among these is the 3600 square foot photogrammetric
mapping laboratory, where-photo mensuration, analytical triangulation and map compilation tasks
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M are performed. This laboratory is the most completely equipped and versatile in New England. The
MM major items of its equipment, and the functions in which they are used, are summarized in Tables 1
and 2. Note that while boasts state-of-the-art capability for automated
editing and plotting of digital maps, cartography, in most projects, remains a demanding manual
process, dependent upon the precision scribing and inking skills of individual craftsmen. This
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iso maintains in its Mapping Operations Department an extensive and
fully equipped photographic laboratory which supports our photogrammetric mapping programs and
'ovides reproduction services as required by projects in other business areas. This 20-room
boratory, covering 4800 square feet of floor space, is environmentally-controlled for tempera
re, humidity and dust. Its equipment, and the functions it serves, are outlined in Table 3.
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FUNCTION
ANALYTICAL TRIANGULATION
. Camera Calibration
TABLE I - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING LABORATORY
EQU I. PNENT
COMPARATOR - A precision point measurement device
capable of measurement to a least reading of one micrometer.
IBM KEYPUNCH - Peripheral recording device for measurement data.
Camera Station CAMERA STATION GENERATOR/PROGRAM/IBM-370-` - Program to generate
Parameter Generation camera station and attitude data.
. Point and Transfer II PUG - A stereoscopic instrument for the location, transfer,
Measurement and drilling of pass points on diapositives.
IC OMPARATOR
SEMI-AUTOMATED COMPARATOR - A semi-automatic point
measurement device which uses an air-bearing sub-system and is
capable of measurement to a least reading of one micrometer.
IBM KEYPUNCH
Triangulation Analysis PREPROCESSOR PROGRAM/IBM-370* Program for initial corrections
of lens aberrations, film deformations and atmospheric refraction.
Stereocompiler and
Plotter 'Set-up'
Programming
. Control Manuscript
Plotting
L_J PROGRAM/CDC-6700- - Rigorous least squares adjustment program
for the analytical triangulation of blocks of frame photography.
A-10 and K-320 PLOTTER PROGRAMS/IBM-360 and CDC-6700` - Programs for.
deriving instrument settings from triangulation data.
632 PLOTTER - A 48" x 60" flat-bed plotter, equipped with
a model 111-12 tape drive and a photo plotting head.
COORDINATOGRAPH - A 42" x 48" manual plotter with a
precision o 0.001 inch.
Equipment Division Central Processing Units
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FUNCTION
STEREOCOMP I LAT ION
Line-and-Symbol
Mapping (Planimetry
& Topography)
Ortnophoto Mapping
(Planimetry only)
Digital Mapping
(Planimetry &
Topography)
TABLE 2 PHOTOCRAMLNETRIC MAPPINt: LABORATORY
EQUIPMENT
IA-10 (2) - "First order" stereo-plotters which accept normal,
wide, and super-wide angle photography and are capable of 12X
magnification from the diapositive.
II PP3 - "Second order" 3-projector stereo-plotter capable of
5.3X magnification from the diapositive.
instrument (2nd order) capable of printing a full double model
at 3.8-5.8X magnification from the diapositive; either directly
on film or through a digital record on paper tape which can be
incrementally edited prior to printing.
S.F.O.M. MODEL 9300 - A two-projector orthophoto compilation
instrument (2nd order) capable of printing a single stereo-
model at 3.7-4.3X magnification from the diapositive directly
on film.
K-320 - A three-projector orthophoto compilation
RSS 400 CLARK II and MAC TAPE UNIT - Digital data
interfaced with Wild A-10.
PROCESSING PROGRAMS/IB;I-370-'r - Program for initial
tape format edit, 'cartographic' correction and final grid
adjustment and transformation.
A-l0 STEREO-PLOTTER
I CV II-III (10) - Interactive graphic terminals capable
QI: isp aying, editing and check-plotting digital map records
on magnetic tape.
PLOTTER - High speed flat-bed plotter with magnetic
Equipment Division Central Processing Units
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TA93LE 3 - PHOTOGRAPHIC IMORATORY
FUMT100 EQUIPMENT
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Aerial Roll Film Pro-
cessing Duplicating,
Contact Printing.
Film Inspection
Frame Film
Enlargement and
Reduction
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?ROCESSOR - Semi-automatic aerial film processor.
STRIP PRINTER - Aerial film continuous strip
DENSITOMETER - Automatic film density recorder.
SENSITOMETER - Instrument for exposing precise sensitometeric
step wedges on film.
II
ENLARGER - Aerial film photographic enlarger.
UE12 ENLARGER - Aerial film photographic enlarger with 12X
magnification range and tilting 60' easel.
Diapositive Printing 'IARK IV PRINTER - Variable exposure automatic
dodging contact printer with automatic step-repeat capability.
Map, Index, and
Photomosaic Copying, toot front easel and 5 foot back easel.
Enlargement and
Reduction
Large Sheet
Processing
. Diazo Printing
COPY CAMERA - Precision engineering copy camera with
VACUUM FRAMES - 60" x 72" contact printer.
42" PROCESSOR - A semi-automatic processor which
accepts inputs up to 42" in width and processes individual items
"dry-to-dry" in 75 seconds, and replenishes processing chemicals
automatically.
14J42" PROCESSOR - A semi-automatic film and paper processor
whic accepts inputs up to 42" in width.
SL%IPLEX DRYER - 60" variable temperature print dryer.
II
PRINT MASTER - 60" diazo reproduction printer.
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In support of its programs in remote sensing research, imagery exploitation, and map-based
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information system design and development, the facilities in both
ontain appropriately equipped imagery and data exploitation laboratories. Their equip-
ment includes stereo- and monoscopic imagery viewers, layout tables, and secure storage vaults and
files. These laboratories are arranged to accommodate multiple projects and provide appropriate
spaces for interpretation and evaluation tasks; experimentation; and production tasks such as
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plotting, indexing, mosaicking and screening.
note. First, th is equippe
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with ten ICVII and III interactive computer-graphic terminals, a
computer and peripherals, and a high-speed, tape-driven plotter. It
is one of the largest facilities of its type in the country. Created to automate large portions
of the Equipment Division's internal drafting and product documentation operations, this facility
also provides with both capability and large capacity for map digitizing, map-based
digital data editing, graphic data management and plotting. Secondly, and in addition to the
dedicated computers of thel the computational capacity of Equipment
Divisions' central data processing units, an IBM-370/60 and a CDC-6700, is fully available to
the To exploit these facilities, has developed an extensive
library of special-purpose software to support its mapping and information systems programs.
This library includes the Program which provides capacity for simultaneous adjustment of
large blocks of aerotriangulation data; and the REDMAP software system, a collection of approxi-
mately 80 sub-routine modules which can be combined variously. in some 35 software routines to
provide comprehensive capability to compile, validate, store-and-retrieve, synthesize and
analyze map-based digital data bases.
Finally, the as a fully integrated element of the
makes extensive use of facilities provided by. the Equipment Division, two of which are worthy of
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All Equipment Division facilities engaged in government work have either SECRET or TOP SECRET
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clearances. Specifically, facility has a TOP SECRET clearance granted by
DCASR, Boston, on 3 August 1966; and the facilitya TOP SECRET clearance granted by
DCASR, Philadelphia. Our cognizant security office is presently the Defense Contracts Adminis-
tration Services Region, 666 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. 25X1
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has been organized, staffed and equipped to
dffer the widest possible range of remote sensing services -- in mapping, information systems,
image analysis and instrumentation,engineering -- with the highest levels of of J.,1iency and
economy consistent with technical excellence. 25X1
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D. EXPERIENCE
The following pages contain selected contracts awarded tol Section D-l
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includes general functional areas, contract names, customers, and work synopses. Section D-2
presents more detailed summaries of contracts having particular relevance to this submittal.
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SECTION D-1
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GENERAL
This Appendix is presented to IAS in order to indicate the range of special security work
and other contract efforts which are directly applicable to the proposed IAS support contract.
'These programs/studies primarily have been performed in connection with the National
Reconnaissance Program (NRP) and, as such, relate to strategic high altitude (satellite and
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aircraft) operational and R&D reconnaissance programs.
PROGRAMS
over the past 15 years, has performed supporting RDT&E in the exploita-
tion area with the various image-forming systems. This research has
included both photogrammetric and photointerpretation areas and has been performed primarily for
the National Photographic Interpretation Center and the U.S. Army. Some indication of the work
conducted through 1973 is shown in Table 4. 25X1
More recently has been working under contracts for the Navy Space
Projects Office (PM-16, now PME-10 and Naval Intelligence Support Center (NISC) in the exploita-
tion of current and future KH systems from both an interpretation and photogrammetric standpoint.
Additional contracts have been performed for other aerospace companies. Feedbacks have resulted,
related to Naval collection system needs for ocean surveillance as well as the actual design and
imol,ementation of data handlin systems. Current involvement includes a Photogrammetric/Mensuration
Other
similar special access evaluations and systems work is being, or expected to be, conducted in the
radar, E-O, and infrared imagery exploitation areas.
In addition to DOD and Intelligence Community, separate studies have been performed for the
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency where acted as expert consultants in the reconnaissance
area for both SALT and MBFR potential applications.
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--- ~~ il.Lr:,.l.Ly iiassizlea worK has been under the direction of I ith
current contracts being performed by its Special Projects Office in
In addition to image-forming reconnaissance, SI and special access work has been performed
byl 'n the Satellite Ocean Surveillance System (SOSS) area with (Project 749 - related
systems definition study) and in the SIGINT, ELINT and e latter has primarily
been accomplished b and Equipment Division.
Some of the particular programs of specific interest in
are described again in further detail on the following pages.
the photograph~SX~nterpretation area
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This work entailed the study of the technical parameters and simulated
outputs of an advanced reconnaissance system for meeting ocean surveillance
requirements. The work involved a treatment of both mensuration/photo-
grammetric and interpretation factors as they theoretically and empirically
relate to system performance.
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Title: Imagery Analysis Group (IAG) Support.
Job No.: 53-0195-0001-8; 53-AA35-2500; 53-AA25-2400; 53-AA24-8700;
53-0196-0001.
Objectives: To provide professional RDT&E image interpretation, sensor-
grammetric, system analysis, programming, automatic data
processing analysis, and collateral/ground truth services
in connection with advanced national unconventional
reconnaissance systems.
Approach: A unique government-industry team was established to ensure
integration of image exploitation expertise (interpreters,
photogrammetrists, intelligence analysts) with front end
vehicle/sensor system engineer and scientist personnel. A
Requirements Group and the IAG directed the RDT&E which was
conducted to establish the utility (statistically through
empirical testing) of advanced sensor systems to meet national
needs. Digital image processing and other softcopy techniques
were also evaluated vs. conventional hardcopy (film)
interpretation procedures.
Results: Reports published by the NRO and briefings presented to the
USIB. The approach taken, work conducted, and published
data has been regarded as precedent-breaking.
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Title: Information Content of Certain Reconnaissance Satellite
Imagery.
Objectives: The purpose of the program was to determine the environ-
mental data content of the imagery of the KH-5 and KR-4
satellite systems. The program's interpretation and
mensuration efforts involved a sampling of the spectrum
of natural and man-made phenomena and detail. The general
areas of interest included:
Geology
Land Use
Snow and Ice Cover 25X1
Clouds
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Approach: In order to determine the value of satellite photography
and its possible application to the disciplines of geology,
and resources exploration, an initi?l review of all perti-
nent geologic and geomorphologic criteria was conducted.
Those essential elements that were considered to be inter-
pretable from satellite photography were isolated. The
terrain elements were then compiled into target lists to
serve as interpretation guides.
Imagery was selected and interpreted. These interpretations
were then compared with collateral data for accuracy and
data content.
Results: The study indicated the satellite imagery contained much
useful data although an exact measurement of the accuracy
and completeness of the study results could not be ascer-
tained without further research.
It was recommended that additional research be carried out
in order to determine the system`s utility to produce an
accurate and complete product.
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Title: An Optimum Cartographic Collection System
Job No.: 126-18
Objectives: To determine the parameters of an optimum cartographic
collection system operating in a satellite orbiting
the earth and capable of acquiring photography suit-
able for topographic mapping and point location.
Approach: The requirements, both in content and in accuracy, for
topographic maps. at large and medium scales (1:50,000
and 1:250,000) meeting military needs, and the require-
ments for point location, were first established. The
parameters of cartographic collection systems were
then developed. The functional relationships between
these parameters and the accuracy, content, and ground
coverage of a cartographic collection was developed
and presented both in the form of equations and in
graphical form (using the graphs, trade-offs between
the various parameters can be determined). The para-
meters of a number of existing and-proposed systems
were evaluated with respect to their ability to meet
the requirements of content and accuracy for large and
medium scale mapping and for point location. The
costs--including development, equipment, booster, launch
and recovery, data reduction, and map .production--of
each of the existing and proposed systems were considered.
Results: An.optimum cartographic collection system was selected.
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 Approved FoliReleas! 200643/31 : GJA-RDP$0T007#3A000J}0090c41-9 T?
The Evaluation of the Hipernas IIB Inertial Navigation
System, The evaluation of a Mapping Satellite for
Controlling a Rapid Combat Mapping System USQ-28, and
Rectification of Side-Looking Radar by means of High
Altitude Photography. -
Objectives: To determine the quality of a map compilation for a
specified block of terrain in which little or no
previous ground control is available.
Approach: In the first study errors were generated in a sample 25X1
ground control network with the aid of a simulation
model made for the Hipernas IIB inertial navigation
system. These errors were then used to perturb a real
set of control points associated with real photography.
An orthophoto produced in this manner with the use
of the B8-Stereomat was then compared with the un- 25X1
perturbed orthophoto to determine and quantitatively
analyze the magnitude of the errors introduced by the
inertial navigation system. In the second study, per-
taining to the geodetic mapping satellite, a sfmilar
approach was used insofar as an.orthophotograph was
the final product of this phase. However, in this
situation, the errors were propagated indirectly from
a physical model consisting of a pair of overlapping
satellite photographs to the ground control through
the intermediate media of conventional-altitude photog-
raphy. In the final study the high altitude photograph,
or a small sector thereof, was enlarged to the scale
of the photographic presentation of the.side-looking
radar. The SLR was oriented. in.the plane of the
horizon and rectified by comparison with the high
altitude enlargement by a manual process which seeks
to match detail, one small area at a time. Finally,
a best visual match was made between the two film
transparencies, the SLR copy superimposed on the
enlarged KH-5 photography.
Results: The studies indicated that the qualify of map compila-
tion could be improved by the use of inertial navi-
gation equipment and/or satellite altitude photography.
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 Approved For'elease 2006/0!/31: C RDP8'OT0070!A0004t 00900(A-9
Title: Evaluation of Experimental Strategic Military Geographic
Intelligence from Short Focal Length Satellite Imagery
Job No.: 126-25
Objectives: 1) The construction of a mosaic covering the Continent
of Africa;
2) The derivation and compilation, through photo-
interpretation, of basic geoscience data covering the
continent;
3) The synthesis and compilation of military geo-
graphic intelligence overlays from the basic geoscience
data.
Approach: This program was conducted without the aid of collateral
materials. The area studied was divided into 12 sections,
each covered by a mosaic sheet and 8 overlays. The
mosaic sheets were produced from six missions and the
imagery was selected in such a manner as to minimize
cloud cover. The mosaic was constructed at a scale of
1:4,000,000 and then reduced, for presentation purposes,
to 1:2,000,000.
The geoscience overlays were compiled through stereo-
scopic interpretation of the enlarged satellite frames.
The military geographic intelligence overlays were then
synthesized from the data compiled above.
Results: It was concluded in this study that geoscience and military
geographic intelligence could be derived from satellite
imagery and it was recommended that other systems be
used to obtain preliminary data for military and civil
engineering.
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 Appro ed For Release 200610/31 : C A-RD PSOT0070 A0004AO0900C!1-9
Title: Studies of Photo Interpreter Performance as a Function of
Resolution, Stereo, and Color
Job No.: 165, 2241
Objectives: To determine the relationships between interpreter per-
formance and photographic ground resolution.
Approach: Human factors studies were performed to determine the
resolution performance relationships.. I lassisted
in the ground truth data collection phases ot t e studies.
administered the tests to NPIC photointerpreters,
assiste on the test design and analysis and served as
overall coordinator between the other contributing con-
tractors and NPIC personnel.
Results: Two studies were published: The Analysis of Missile Sites
as a Function of Photographic Ground Resolution (S) and
The Measurement of Photographic Images by Human Operators (U). ,
In the missile study a specific range of ground resolution
was determined as providing the answers to the Essential
Elements of Information that were asked of the subjects.
A missile key was also published on the sites used in the
study.
In the measurement study, errors were demonstrated by sub-
ject and total subjects for different geometric shapes as
a function of edge spread and contrast.
25X1
rn
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 - l
Approved Fo ?Release 2006/0 /31 : CIA-RDP80TOO70A0004 0090001-9
Title: Use of Satellite Photography for Military-and Civil
Engineering
Job No.: 1215
objectives: The objective of this program was to ascertain the amounts
and type of civil and military engineering data, required
for major works, that can be extracted from satellite
imagery.
Approach:. The first phase of the program required the systematic
interpretation of satellite imagery covering a broad
distribution of geographic, climatic and physiographic
regions.
The second phase required the construction of a semi-
controlled mosaic of a 10,000 square mile area in
Indiana. From the mosaic and imagery interpretation
an effort was made to acquire reliable engineering.
design information. These data wei used to select
alternate military highway routes between two points
and five "hasty" airfields.
The third phase required the interpretation and men-
suration of engineering data along a major proposed
highway route. This data was then evaluated and
compared with engineering data prepared for develop-
ment of the route.
Results: The data acquired during the course of the program was
then applied to the formation of an organization that
will make pragmatic everyday use of satellite photography
for preliminary engineering design purposes in support
of field army requirements.
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n0
rn
n
LV,
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 3W
Approved For Release 2006/01/31 CIA-RDP8
AT007JA0004{b09000A-9
Title: Human Factors Support Services
Job No.. 3261
Objectives: To provide services to 1to accomplish
three specific tasks; o o Interpreter Performance Mission,
Stereo Evaluation and Factors Study, and The Relative
Accuracy of Mensuration.
Approach:
ILeSL ersonnel were responsible for gathering the
stimulus material (satellite photography, KH-4,
I I annotating and locating the targets,
training and administering the tests. There were over
a thousand targets analyzed for use on the tests. All the
work was accomplished..
Results: I1 provided inputs to all the final reports. 1 :1
pu is ed two Task Analysis reports on the flow of e e
file and data handling of the imagery by the photointerpreters
to produce the OAK, OAK supplement and detailed reports and
mensuration film handling procedures of the Photogrammetric
Branch within NPIC.
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 ,1
Approvd For Felease 1006103#31 : CI4RDP8{T00703I,00040,090001-9
Title: Feasibility Study of Engineering Planning Support
for STRICOM
Job No.: 1265
Objectives: The purpose of this program was to establish standard
procedures for determining routes of communication
and movement with satellite imagery for the STRIKE
Command.
Approach: The-study required the construction of a mosaic at
a scale of 1:1,000,000 and a series of 1:250,000 scale
mosaics to cover the terrain between Khartoum and
Port Sudan. A series of geoscience overlays was
prepared and the best routes were chosen. These 2
routes were then studied in detail and a series of 5X1
military geographic overlays was prepared, In
addition, a study of rail, port and airfield facilities
was made. Plans were constructed showing what im-
provements would be required in the event the area
became an area of operation.
Results: The program resulted in a series of mosaics and
overlays depicting the geology, vegetation, cultural
features and landforms of Sudan. These overlays
were accompanied by overlays showing the suitability
for cross-country movement and the construction of
roads and railroads. A text detailed the work
effort required to operate in the theatre and the
design changes needed at all airfields.
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 1 Approved FoiReleas 2006/{13/31: CIA- RDP10T007I3A000411009001I1-9
Title: Imagery Experimentation Support
Job No.: 2272, 2319
Objectives: To determine the intelligence value of satellite imagery
(both line-scan and photographic) for military targets,
from the relationship of interpreter performance, target
ground resolution, and intelligence analyst estimates.
Approach: The techniques used were the same as in 165 and 2241.
Results: Published Study, The Analysis of Radar Sites as a Function
of Photographic Ground Resolution (S).
This study was similar to the missile study in that ground
resolutions for the requirements were demonstrated. The
latter job 2319, is currently in process with the analysis
of Ground Order of Battle Targets as a function of photo-
graphic ground resolution and various line-scan parameters.
25X1
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 11 1
l
AppJoved Fir Releae 20063/31 :
Terrain Study Prototype
IA-RQP80T00P03A000?00090001-9
Job No.:
1278
Objectives: The principle objective of this program was to develop
a prototype terrain study. The program was designed to
illustrate, through an operational test, the effective-
ness of using a combination of satellite imagery and
collateral materials for the solution of regional military
problems concerning terrain studies. The study was addressed
specifically to problems concerning military geographic
intelligence and irregular force operations.
Approach: The program was conducted in three tasks:
(1) The first task required the construction of
a mosaic using KH-4 panoramic imagery. A series
of geoscience overlays was then compiled covering
the mosaic, through the stereoscopic interpretation
of the satellite panoramic imagery. Upon completion
of the basic overlays the data was synthesized into
five military geographic overlays.
(2) The second task required the production of basic
geoscience overlays at an enlarged scale of 1:50,000.
(3) The third task encompassed the checking of
data developed in Tasks I and II using collateral
materials in the form of National Intelligence
Survey reports.
Results: The conclusions of the study were:
(1) The KH-4 panoramic photography affords wide
areal coverage and contains adequate ground reso-
lution characteristics so as to allow an inter-
preter to extract a sufficient level of continuous
terrain detail to meet the requirements of the DIA
Guide to the Production of Terrain Studies.
(2) KH-4 panoramic imagery can be enlarged to a
scale of 1:50,000. At this scale sufficient ground
resolution is maintained to allow stereoscopic
interpretation of a geoscience "data base", from
which military geographic intelligence overlays
for guerrilla operations can be produced.
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 Approved For
i
Release 2006/03/31 :. CIA-RDP80TO07 A0004 0090001-9
(3) It was shown that KH-4 panoramic photography
can be enlarged approximately 8X:to a scale of
1:20,000. At this scale considerable ground
resolution is lost, however, the imagery can be
used to formulate preliminary or contingency
defense plans in conjunction with previously
compiled, smaller scale, military geographic
intelligence.
Approved For Release 2006/03/31 : CIA-RDP80T00703AO00400090001-9
 Approved Fortelease 2006/03131: CIt-R DP8'OTO070IA00041009000!-9
Title: FT-15 - A Comparative Analysis of Photographic Quality
Job No.: 2319-1
Objectives: To provide a valid and precise expression of the amount
of information available in satellite and aircraft imagery.
To compare the information available in each type of
imagery and provide an indication of the amount of Arms
Control information which can be expected from large and
small scale presentations.
Hpproacn: To satisfy these objectives,
quali
tative and quantitative analysis of KH-4a a and aircra-
ft-
imagery. This analysis c
i
d
ons
ste
of:
1. Image interpretation
2. Modulation Transfer Functions
3. Granularity Measurements
4. Density Measurements
The small scale KH-4 and aircraft imagery were not comparable.
Approved For Release 2006/03/31 : CIA-RDP80T00703A000400090001-9
 Ipprovet For Release 2906/03/31 : CIA 2DP80 00703)f0040O }90001-9
Title: Data Analysis and Interpretation
Job No.: 3229-1/1301-1
Objectives: Thi
s
"rr''"aca; The program required
pret satellite two photo-geologists to inter-
sites over Potential nuclear test
sites in the Soviet Union. The two geologists
interpreted the imagery and corrected the collateral
data where discrepancies were detected.
The program disciplines were geolo
A gY, soils, yege_
Cation and landforms,
revised over the two-yearterm of theacontractere
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project was a service program for the ARPA
Terrain Atlas for Nuclear Test Detection Program.
E
 App oved Fo I's - Release 2006/ 3131 : IA-RDP OT007~3A00040090011-9
Title: Data Analysis and Interpretation
Job No.: 3329-2/1301-2
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the
quantitative aspects and the physical configuration
of geologic formations through the use of satellite
imagery with a projection stereoplotter. In addition,
the task was designed to determine the ability of a
stereoplotter to fulfill the requirements of a geo-
logic study and to determine the ability of a geol-
ogist, untrained in the operation of a stereoplotter,
to operate a stereoplotter and produce an accurate
geologic interpretation.
Approach: The initial phases of the study were directed to 25X1
the feasibility of using the imagery with projection-
type stereoplotters to record dip and strike, measure'
strategraphic sections and delineate formational
contacts of geologic structures. This was followed by
a series of tests to determine time requirements and
the problems involved in recording the structural
attitude of key geologic formations in four test
areas.
The final phase of the program was designed to eval-
uate the information gained from the tests for scientific
value and accuracy and to ascertain if the data. could
be utilized in the ARPA Terrain Atlas Program.
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 I Approved For Release 20061 /31 : A-RDP 0T007 3A000 0090 1-9
E. PERSONNEL
has over ten long term employees whose background and major
duties have been photographic interpretation. Their detailed resumes as those of key management
and support personnel follow. Eight of these photo interpreters currently hold TOP SECRET, SI/TK
security clearances. Most of these eight hold additional clearances for work on special sensor
imagery. Additional clearances currently held may be verified through your security office.
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