DISSEMINATION LIST FOR ORPA REPORT, RP 78-10283 (JOB 428-714-78), THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY,

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 53
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 16, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 25, 1978
• Content Type: MF

Analyst:
Job#428-714-78 Branch :
CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTIONSTATINTL
Dissem: 2 Aug 1978
RPE~ -iE~283
ConL1Lentia~,EPORT
C
DIS] 16UTION TO RC
DATE OF DOCUMENT
July 1978
NUMBER OF COPIES
OO
NUMBER I N RC
DATE
COPY
NO. (S)
RECIPIENT
SENT
RETURNED
1
DCI
1 Aug 1978
2
DDCI
'
3
SA/DDCI
4
D/NFAC
5
DD NFAC
6
D ORPA
7,8
DD/ORPA
9-23
ORPA/ECS
24
ORPA/AF
25
Analyst to annotate & return
if
Aug
7
26-45
ORPA/AF
46-50
NFAC Registry
51
c/o NFAC Registry
STATIf
TL
52
Ch/PPG
-51-
SA/ PG
54
Ch/PMB/PPG
55,56
Ch/PDB/PPG
57
C TPB P
58
Ch/R&DB/PPG
ISk-A2-t 26
59
60
Carter. Library
CIA Rep., SAC
'I
" STATI
TL
61
Air ar College
STATI
TL
62
6 3
ATI
TL
64
66
67
6 8
69
70
72
74
76
77
78
_
7
80
81
"
F
2ORM5 2353
.6
 DATE
N0o(S)
RECIPIENT
SENT
RETURNED
82
1 Aug 78 S
ATINTL
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
"
95
"
96
97
"
98
99
101
"
102
103
STATINTL
315-328
Received from
P&PD
3 Aug 78
104
Amb. Lindheart
via
10 Aug 78
L
HOSA
W
112 PA
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ATINTL
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 Approved Fort(~0~~~/~rCIA-I~>0'64A~90~~~bv1-8
25 July 1978
MEMORANDUM FOR, Chief, Distribution Section, P&PD/OL
FROM: Chief, Registry and Dissemination Branch, PPG
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283
(Job 428-714-78), The Organization of African
Unity, CONFIDENTIAL
Attached is the dissemination list for subject report. Copies Jr 1l
through # 110 will be picked up or forwarded to PPG/R&D, Room 7G07,
Hq. Please notify PPG/R&D, x-5203, when you receive STATINTL
the remaining copies for distribution. When a report has an ELITE, the
elite copies must be disseminated before standard distribution is made, STATINTL
Attachment: a/ s
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
 AI IasS Z01/05/01 : CIA RDP80T00634A 00 00 90001-8
Approved For a ease
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
No. of Copies Recipient
2 White House Situation Room, The White House
1 Assistant to the Vice President for National
Security Affairs
34
National Security Council, Information Liaison,
Room 381, Executive Office Building
1 - Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs
1 7 Deputy Assistant to President for National
Security Affairs
1 - Plans and Programs
1 Global Issues
1 - North-South Relations/Latin American Affairs
1 - Middle East Affairs
1 - Director for Security Analysis
3 - Bill Blitgen
Department of State, INR/CC, Rm. 6510, New State Bldg.
1 - Executive Assistant, Office of the Secretary
1 Patricia Derian, Coordinator for Human Rights and
Humanitarian Affairs, Office of the Deputy Secy
1 - Special Assistant, Under Secretary for Political.
Affairs
1 - Director, Policy Planning Staff
1 - Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff
1 Under Secretary for Political Affairs
1 - Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South
Asian Affairs
1 Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs
3 - Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African.
Affairs
1 - Director, Officer of Inter-African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 Director, Office of Central African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 - Director, Office of East African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 Director, Office of Southern African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 - Director, Office of West African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 Director, Regional Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern
and South Asian Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International
Organization Affairs
1 Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Oceans and
International Environmental & Scientific Affairs
1 - Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs
1 - Ambassador Frank Crigler, c/o Office of Central
Approved For Release 2flffWQ. 1Q1i: GWf-RDP8QTW 6 4AO00 0 8q Af fairs
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001 /05/011: ClA-RDP28WJ00Wplf K01(8~ob 428-714-78)
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, 1Q
(continued)
No. of Copies Recipient
Department of State (continued)
1 - US Ambassador to the UN
4 - US Mission to the UN
1 - Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research
2 - Director, INR/Africa
1 Chief, Central-Southern Africa Division,
INR/Africa
1 - Chief, Western Africa Division, INR/Africa
1 - Director, INR/Near East and South Asia
1 - Director, INR/Pol-Mil Affairs & Theatre Forces
1 ACDA, Chief, Intelligence Staff, Plans & Analysis
Ms. Norma Wood,?AID, SER/MO/CM, Room B-461,
New State Bldg.
1 - Administrator 1 - Deputy Administrator
1 - Assistant Administrator', Bureau for Africa
51 Defense Intelligence Agency, RDS-3C, A Bldg., AHS
2 - Office of the Assistant: Secretary of Defense, ISA
1 - Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, ISA
1 Deputy Asst. Secretary, Near Eastern, African,
and South Asian Affairs, ISA
1 - Renee Joiner, Near Eastern, African, and South
Asian Affairs, ISA
STATINTL 1 - Deputy Assistant Secretar Polic Plans and
NSC Affairs, ISA (Attn:
1 - Reg. Director for Near Eastern and South Asian
Affairs, ISA
1 - Reg. Director for African Affairs, ISA
1 - Deputy Asst. Secretary for International
Affairs, ISA
1 - Director, International Economic Affairs, ISA
1 - Director, Policy Plans & NSC Affairs, ISA.
1 - Director, Law of the Sea Task Force, ISA
1 - Director, DIA
1 - Sr. Intelligence Advisor, DIA
,1 - Policy Planning Staff OSD/DIA
3 - DIO for Worldwide Political/Military Affairs, DIA
1 - DIO for Africa, DIA
1 - DIO for LA and Sub-Saharan Africa, DIA
1 - DIO for Middle East/South Asia, DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Current Intelligence, DIA
1 - Current Intelligence Production Div., DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Estimates, DIA
1 - Free World Division (DE-4), Deputy Director
for Estimates, DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence Research,
STATINTL Western Div., DIA
1 - OASD/ISA
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL TJSE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-
Dissemination List for ORPA Report,RP 78-10283,( CONFIDENTIAL (_ ob 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies Recipient
6 STATINTL
Defense Intelligence Agency (continued)
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence (NMIC) (DIN)., DIA
1 - Western Branch, Deputy Director for Intelligence,
DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence (Research Center),
(DIR), DIA
2 - Special Actions & Control Branch, Eastern Div.,
Deputy Dir, for Intelligence (Research Center),
(DIR-2A), DIA
2 - China Branch., Eastern Div., Deputy Dir. for
Intelligence (Research Center) (DIR-2B), DIA
1 - Western Div., Deputy Dir. for Intelligence,
(Research Center) (DIR-3), ILIA
1 - Asst. Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USA
1 - Director, Naval Intelligence
L.- _Asst:_ Chief .of. Staff, Intelligence, USAF (AF/IN)..
1 - Asst. to Secretary, International Affairs, USAF
1 - Joint Chiefs of Staff, J-5 (Plans & Policy)
1 - Joint Chiefs of Staff,-J-5, Security Asst. Plans
Division
1 - ME/Africa Div., J-5, JCS
1 - US Army Medical Intelligence an Information Agency
1 - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
Attn :
1 - Office o Nava Operations (Attn: CNO Executive
Panel Staff Rep.)
1 - US Air Force Office of Special Investigations
(AFOSI/IVOA)
1 - US Air Force Directorate for Intelligence
Applications, Intelligence Research Specialist
for Latin America and Africa
1 - National Military Intelligence Center
Attn: Data Base
1 - Commanding Officer, Fleet Intelligence Center,
Europe & Atlantic, Norfolk, Va. 23511
Attn: 232-A
2 - Strategic Warning Staff (Attn:
SA/DCI/SW)
National Military Command Center, Room 2D901,
Pentagon (Attn: CIA Representative)
National Security Agency, Attn:
Room 2E024, Ft. Meade, Md.
1 - Director
Department of the Treasury, Office of Intelligence
Support, Dolores A. O'Dell, Rm. 4326, 15th St. and
Pa. Ave., N.W. (Attn: J. Foster Collins, Special
Asst. to the Secretary (National Security)
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies
Recipient
Mr. David N. Laux, Department of Commerce, Rm. 6854,
Main Commerce Bldg.
Department of Commerce, Control, Intelligence
Section, Rm. 1617M, Main Commerce Bldg.
Attn: Office of International Trade Policy
National Defense University, Attn: Classified
Library, Rm. 30, Ft. Leslie J. McNair,
Washington, D.C.. 20319
International Communications Agency, PGM/RL,
Classified Library, Rm. 532, 1750. Pa. Ave., N.W.
1 Director `
1 - Office of Asst. Director
Department of Agriculture, Director, Management
Services Division, Foreign Agricultural Service,
Rm. 6066, South Agriculture Bldg.
Attn: Thomas.Hughes, Rm. 5073
Department of Energy, Division of International
Security Affairs, Suite.5221, Rm. 30, 20 Massa-
chusetts Ave., N.W.
Department of Energy, Security Control Center
Attn: Mr. John Inman, Room GA 257, Forrestal Bldg.,
1000 Independence Ave.
1 - Mr. Walter J. McDonald 1 Mr. Harry Bergold
1 - Mr. Roger D. Coloff
1 Mr. Don Booher
Mr. Robert S. Whipp, Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Room 254, 7915 Eastern Ave. Silver Spring, Md.
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report,RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies
Recipient
ICS Registry, Rm. BW09, Community Hq. Bldg.,
1 - ~QIDREX
x3 20 DDO, Rm. GB38, Hq.
1 DDS&T Duty Officer, Room 6F19, Hq.
1 OTR/CTS, Room 616, CoC
1 DCD, am. 811, Key Bldg.
1 DDS&T, Rm. 6E45, Hq.
xc 6 -Rm. 1005, Key Bldg.
1 NFAC/Plans and Programs Staff, Rm. 2F28, Hq.
xk 4 OSR, Rm. 3F50, Hq.
1 D/OCR, Rm. 2E60, Hq.
1 OCR/ISG, Rm. 1H19, I-1q.
1 OCR/CLD/DSB, Rm. 1141129, Hq.
I OSI, Rm. 6F24, Hq.
NPIC, Rm. 1S315,
1 - IEG
1 - Library
STATINTL 1 CIA, Rm. 15518,
I OWI, Rm. I D0401, Hq.
xk 3 OGCR, Rm. 1232, Ames Bldg. (1-OGCR/ERAC/FP; 1-OGCR/GD)
1 NFAC/Coordination Staff, Rm. 7G15, Hq.
I OPS/CEN, Rm. 7F33, Hq.
1 ORD, am. 612, Ames Bldg.
STATINTL 1 DD/NITC, Rn-i. BWO9,
Community IIq. Bldg., STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report,RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
(continued)
Recipient
OER, Rm. 4F21, Hq.
OTR, Rm. 936, CoC
1
1
STATINTL 1
1
STATINTL 1
X34
STATINTL 11
NFAC/RES/HRG/CR, Room 3E58, Hq.
NITO, Room 5E25, Hq.
FLASC, Room 1H5120, Hq.
DDS&T/OTS, Room 212, South Bldg.
Chief, SIGINT Group, Room 3E58, Hq.
DCI Exec. Secretary,. Room 7E13, Hq.
CRG, Rm. 7G15, Hq.
1 - Director
1 - PDB
1 -
1 -
NFAC/Congressional Support Staff, Rm. 3F30, Hq.
PPG/R&D, Attn: =
for ORPA dissem
1-EE
1-USSR
1-LA
1-ME
1-WE
1- SOA
1-AMERS
1-II
1- RC
1-EAP
1-Admin
OD&E, Room 6B11, Hq.
1-D/SAG/OD&E
1-EXPDIV
1-COMDET
Rm. 7G 15, Hq.
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
? Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283,. CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies Recipient
STATINTL 14
PPG/R&D, Rm. 7G07, Hq.
1 Agency Archives
Agency Records Center
Total: 800 copies
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 Approved F4~K1~~t 2U 1O /Di : CIA IJx&'34 6( 096& O0~01-8
25 July 1978
MEMORANDUM FOR.: Chief, Distribution Section, P&PD/OL
FROM: . Chief, Registry and Dissemination Branch, PPG
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283
(Job 428-714-78), The Organization of African
Unity, CONFIDENTIAL
Attached is the dissemination list for subject report. Copies
it 1
through R 110 will be picked up or forwarded to PPG/R&D, Room 7G07,
STATINTL Hq. Please notify
PPG/R&D, x-5203, when you receive
the remaining copies for distribution. When a report has an ELITE, the
elite copies must be disseminated before standard distribution is made. STATINTL
Attachment: a/ s
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
 DvIIINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For a ease 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
No. of Copies Recipient -
2 White House Situation Room, The White House
1 Assistant to the Vice President for National
Security Affairs
10 National Security Council, Information Liaison,
Room 381, Executive Office Building
1 - Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs
1 - Deputy Assistant to President for National
Security Affairs
1 - Plans and Programs
1 - Global Issues
1 - North-South Relations/Latin American Affairs
1 - Middle East Affairs
1 - Director for Security Analysis
3 - Bill Blitgen
3.4
Department of State, INR/CC, Rm. 6510, New State Bldg.
1 - Executive Assistant, Office of the Secretary
1 Patricia Derian, Coordinator for Human Rights and
Humanitarian Affairs, Office of the Deputy Secy
1 - Special Assistant, Under Secretary for Political.
Affairs
1 - Director, Policy Planning Staff
1 - Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff
1 - Under Secretary for Political Affairs
1 - Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South
Asian Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs
3 - Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African.
Affairs
1 - Director, Officer of Inter-African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 - Director, Office of Central African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 Director, Office of East African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 - Director, Office of Southern African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs
1 - Director, Office of West African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs .
1 - Director, Regional Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern
and South Asian Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International
Organization Affairs
1 - Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Oceans and
International Environmental & Scientific Affairs
1 - Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs
1 - Ambassador Frank Crigler, c/o Office of Central
Approved For Release 2A(fhtQ5iQh: AII-RIDPSOT(GS*i 060 q: Affairs
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA -
Dissemination pT006 Qp,Q9t3NF g~~1-
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-1083'. ~~I7~ PJob 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies Recipient
Department of State (continued)
1 - US Ambassador to the UN
4 - US Mission to the UN
1 - Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research
2 - Director, INR/Africa
1 - Chief, Central-Southern Africa Division,
INR/Africa
1 Chief, Western Africa Division, INR/Africa
1 - Director, INR/Near East and South Asia
1 - Director, INR/Pol-Mil Affairs & Theatre Forces
1 ACDA, Chief, Intelligence Staff, Plans & Analysis
51
Ms. Norma Wood,?AID, SER/MO/CM, Room B-461,
New State Bldg.
1 ,Administrator
1 - Deputy Administrator
1 - Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Africa
Defense Intelligence Agency, RDS-3C, A Bldg., AHS
2 --Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, ISA
1 - Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, ISA
1 Deputy Asst. Secretary, Near Eastern, African,
and South Asian Affairs, ISA
1 - Renee Joiner, Near Eastern, African, and South
Asian Affairs, ISA
1 - Deputy Assistant Secretar , Policy Plans and
NSC Affairs, ISA (Attn:
1 - Reg. Director for Near Eas ern an South Asian
Affairs, ISA
1 - Reg. Director for African Affairs, ISA
1 - Deputy Asst. Secretary for International
Affairs, ISA
1 - Director, International Economic Affairs, ISA
1 - Director, Policy Plans & NSC Affairs, ISA
1 - Director, Law of the Sea Task Force, ISA
1 - Director, DIA
1 - Sr. Intelligence Advisor, DIA
.l - Policy Planning Staff OSD/DIA
3 - DIO for Worldwide Political/Military Affairs, DIA
1 - DIO for Africa, DIA
1 - DIO for LA and Sub-Saharan Africa, DIA
1 - DIO for Middle East/South Asia, DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Current Intelligence, DIA
1 - Current Intelligence Production Div., DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Estimates, DIA
1 - Free World Division (DE-4), Deputy Director
for Estimates, DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence Research,
Western Div. DIA
1 - OASD/ISA
Approved For Release - 80T00634A000900090001-8
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00Bg3g4qAq0p0oppggaa~pp~~ggpp 01
Dissemination List for ORPA Report,RP 78-10283s CONFTDE1~r A (ob 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies Recipient
Defense Intelligence Agency (continued)
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence (NMIC) (DIN)., DIA
1 - Western Branch, Deputy Director for Intelligence,
DIA
1 - Deputy Director for Intelligence (Research Center),
(DIR), DIA
2 - Special Actions & Control Branch, Eastern Div.,
Deputy Dir. for Intelligence (Research Center),
(DIR-2A), DIA
2 - China Branch., Eastern Div., Deputy Dir. for
Intelligence (Research Center) (DIR-2B), DIA
1 - Western Div., Deputy Dir. for Intelligence,
(Research Center) (DIR-3), IDIA
1 - Asst. Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USA
1 - Director, Naval Intelligence
L _Assts_ Chief _of. Staff, Intelligence, USAF (AF/IN)..
1 - Asst. to Secretary, International Affairs, USAF
1 - Joint Chiefs of Staff, J-5 (Plans & Policy)
1 - Joint Chiefs of Staff,-J-5, Security Asst. Plans
Division
1 - ME/Africa Div., J-5, JCS
1 US Army Medical Intelligence an n ormation Agency
1 - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
Attn: Robert Munson
1 - Office of Naval Operations (Attn: CNO Executive
Panel Staff Rep.)
1 - US Air Force Office of Special Investigations
(AFOSI/IVOA)
1 - US Air Force Directorate for Intelligence
Applications, Intelligence Research Specialist
for Latin America and Africa
1 - National Military Intelligence Center
Attn: Data Base
1 - Commanding Officer, Fleet Intelligence Center,
Europe & Atlantic, Norfolk, Va. 23511
Attn: 232-A
2 - Strategic Warning Staff (Attn:
SA/DCI/SW)
National Military Command Center, Room 2D901,
Pentagon (Attn: CIA Representative)
National Security Agency, Attn:
Room 2E024, Ft. Meade, Md.
1 - Director
Department of the Treasury, Office of Intelligence
Support, Dolores A. O'Dell, Rm. 4326, 15th St. and
Pa. Ave., N.W. (Attn: J. Foster Collins, Special
Asst. to the Secretary (National Security)
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
Dissemination List for ORPA Report, RP 78-10283, CONFIDENTIAL (Job 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies
1
Recipient
Mr. David N. Laux, Department of Commerce, Rm. 6854,
Main Commerce Bldg.
Department of Commerce, Control. Intelligence
Section, Rm. 1617M, Main Commerce Bldg.
Attn: Office of International Trade Policy
National Defense University, Attn: Classified
Library, Rm. 30, Ft. Leslie J. McNair,
Washington, D.C.. 20319
International Communications Agency, PGM/RL,
Classified Library, Rm. 532, 1750 Pa. Ave., N.W.
1 - Director `
1 - Office of Asst. Director
Department of Agriculture, Director, Management
.Services Division, Foreign Agricultural Service,
Rm. 6066, South Agriculture Bldg.
Attn: Thomas,Hughes, Rm. 5073
Department of Energy, Division of International
Security Affairs, Suite 5221, Rm. 30, 20 Massa-
chusetts Ave., N.W.
1000 Independence Ave.
1 Mr. Walter J. McDonald
1 - Mr. Roger D. Coloff
1 Mr. Don Booher
Department of Energy, Security Control Center
Attn: Mr. John Inman, Room GA 257, Forrestal Bldg.,
1 - Mr. Harry Bergold
Mr. Robert S. Whipp, Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Room 254, 7915 Eastern Ave., Silver Spring, Md.
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T 0634AOP
~~~1~(1-~
Dissemination List for ORPA Report,RP 781028 , CON Job 428-714-733)
(continued)
No. of Copies
Recipient
2 ICS Registry, Rm. BW09, Community Hq. Bldg.,ID REX
x3c 20 DDO, Rm. GB38, Hq.
STATINTL 1 DS&T Duty Officer, Room 6F19, Hq.
1 OTR/CTS, Room 616, CoC
1 DCD, Rm. 811, Key Bldg.
1 DDS&T, Rm. 6E45, Hq.
STATINTL 1
x3 6 Rm. 1005, Key Bldg.
I NFAC/Plans and Programs Staff, Rm. 2F28, Hq.
'xk 4 OSR, Rm. 3F50, Hq.
1 D/OCR, Rm. 2E60, Hq.
1 OCR/ISG, Rm. 1H19, Hq.
1 OCR/CLD/DSB, Rm. 1H1129, Hq.
1 OSI, Rm. 6F24, I1q.
NPIC, Rm. 1S315,
1 - IEG
1 - Library
STATINTL I OIA, Rm. 1S518,
1 OWI, Rm. I D0401, I-1q.
xk 3 OGCR, Rm. 1232, Ames Bldg.(.1--000R/ERAC/FP; 1-OGCR/GD)
1 NFAC/Coordination Staff, Rnz. 7G15, Hq.
1 OPS/CEN, Rm. 7F33, Hq.
1 ORD, Rm. 612, Antes Bldg.
STATINTL 1 DD/NITC, Rnz. BW09,
Community Iiq. Bldg. , STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/05/01 : CIA-RDP80T00634A000900090001-8
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
 ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Disseminatio~ip o$etdf~$r~~l a/ 5/ : 9T0W##9? 9A(L000Ab 428-714-78)
(continued)
No. of Copies
3 OER, Rm. 4F21, Hq.
2 OTR, Rm. 936, CoC
1 DCI Exec.. Secretary, Room 7E13, Hq.
Recipient
NFAC/RES/HRG/CR, Room 3E58,'Hq.
NITO, Room 5E25; Hq.
1 FLASC, Room 1H5120, Hq.
1 DDS&T OTS, Room 212, South Bldg.
1 hief, SIGINT Group, Room 3E58, Hq.
4
STATINTL
CRG, Rm. 7G15, Hq.
1 - Director
1 - PDB
1 -
1
NFAC/Congressional Support Staff, Rrn. 3F30, Hq.
PPG/R&D, Attn:_
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ORPA EXTERNAL DISSEMINATION LIST
'vnv Mr MnPANT)TTMS. STUDIES, ETC.
RP 7 8 - /4 2 3 (
WHITE HOUSE:
1 t ti on Room
S
i ua
v Internationa
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NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL:
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,-Dep Asst. to President for Nat Sec Affairs (Aaron)_
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE :
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Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
Secy, Bureau
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
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t-Asst Secy of Defense, ISA (Slocombe) ~-
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vDir, Int'l!Economic Affairs, ISA / /
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Eur Div
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u'' D/OCR
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STATINTL
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for ORPA dissem
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RECORD Copy
ry;~alF~tixC:s
Return to
'
i..
paragra.ph$ 6a' ~
t-
The Organization of
African Unity
Confidential
RP 78-10283
July 1978
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RECORD' Copy
etur l td 'fSC./F1uC
pars trapfrls c,a ;,:fied ' _
The Organization of
African Unity
Confidential
RP 78-10283
July 1978
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,Opy 5
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CONFIDENTIAL
The Organization of African Unity
Central Intelligence Agency
National Foreign Assessment Center
Key Points
? The formation of the Organization of African Unity in 1963 was the
outcome of mounting concern among African leaders over a trend
toward polarization of moderate and radical African states in the early
1960s.
-Historically, there had never been a political structure encompass-
ing all of Africa's diverse groups, but as independence from
European colonialism gained momentum, multiple movements for
African unity sprang up.
-The first, comprising 12 moderate French-speaking countries, was
formed in Brazzaville in December 1960. This was countered by the
creation a month later of a Casablanca Group linking six radical
states in North and West Africa. A number of moderate English-
speaking states, concerned about the Casablanca Group's ideologi-
cal stance, in 1962 joined with the Brazzaville Group, which then
became known as the Monrovia Group. A preindependence lobby of
representatives of liberation movements and of states from outside
the area was active in East and Central Africa.
-The moderates and the radicals both proceeded to create institu-
tions and adopt charters presenting their claims to speak for Africa.
? By early 1963 the African voice was shrill and divided, and on every
side there was a growing desire for a united organization. As a result, a
meeting of all the African foreign ministers was held in Addis Ababa
in May 1963 for the purpose of drafting a new charter for a
continentwide organization.
-Although it was based on a separate Ethiopian draft, the proposed
charter drew extensively on the ideas formulated earlier by the
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CONFIDENTIAL
Monrovia Group. The follow-on summit meeting of all African
heads of state finalized the charter and created the OAU as the sole
all-African political institution-actions subsequently ratified by
the member states.
? Regional organizations continue to exist and are accorded observer
status in the OAU. They are expected to conform to the OAU charter,
however, and to have a rational geographic base and some economic or
technical function.
? Since its earliest years, the Africans have increasingly insisted that the
OAU should be the first forum to which African disputes are referred,
that there should be no interference in the internal affairs of African
states, and that borders existing at the time of independence must be
acknowledged.
? Acting under these principles, the OAU has been involved in the entire
range of African crises over the 15 years of its existence: Algerian-
Moroccan border clashes, Ghanaian harboring of subversive elements,
recurring interventions in Zaire, the Nigerian civil war, the Israeli
occupation of Egyptian territory, Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of
independence, Somali territorial claims against Ethiopia and Kenya,
the Angolan civil war, and dozens of lesser disputes around the
continent.
? In dealing with these problems, the OAU frequently works through
international committees or plenary meetings so that national concerns
are played down and all viewpoints are represented. It acts cautiously,
with a heavy emphasis on factfinding and on discussions conducted by
high-level mediators.
-With a few exceptions, it has managed to keep African problems
out of the UN and other non-African forums.
-Actual solutions have been rare, with the OAU generally satisfied
to defuse open conflicts and to keep disputants talking until they
reach some accommodation of their own accord.
-Unlike the Organization of American States and the League of
Arab States, which generally seek UN or third-party intervention to
settle disputes in their areas, the OAU increasingly views attempts
to impose the advice of outsiders as patronizing and an affront to
African independence.
? The OAU also performs a valuable, though often unheralded, service
to its members by representing African interests to the outside world.
-It works within the UN through the African Group, which it has
transformed into an effective bloc, and it uses every other interna-
U
CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
tional organization in which Africans are members to enhance
Africa's role and increase its benefits.
-The one institution bringing all the states together, it is the agent
for lobbying efforts and the chief organizer of prestigious events
such as African trade fairs and cultural festivals.
III
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The 1978 summit elected Edem Kodjo of Togo to serve as OAU
secretary general for the next four years, replacing William Eteki, who
declined to seek reelection. The summit also elected five assistant secre-
taries-an addition of one to provide regional representation for southern
Africa. The assistant secretaries elected were Peter Onu of Nigeria, Noured-
dine Djoudi of Algeria, A. N. Chimuka of Zambia, Paul Etiang of Uganda,
and Murengo Donat of Rwanda. There changes will probably lead to
adjustments within the Secretariat.
iv
CONFIDENTIAL
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Key Points ..................................................................................................
Membership ................................................................................................
1
Charter ......................................................................................................
1
Institutions ..................................................................................................
2
Special Commissions ..................................................................................
5
Special Sessions ..........................................................................................
10
Relations With the United Nations ........................................................
12
APPENDIX
Summit Meetings .......................................................................:..............
15
OAU Chairmen and Secretaries General ................................................
17
V
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Africa
AeT"o- Gabon
~%-/ .
South Africa c-' Otna
VI
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U
Date of
Admission
Country
Date of
Admission
Algeria
1963
Madagascar
1963
Angola
1976
Malawi
1965
Benin
1963
Mali
1963
Botswana
1966
Mauritania
1963
Burundi
1963
Mauritius
1968
Cameroon
1963
Morocco
1963
Cape Verde
1975
Mozambique
1975
Central African Empire
1963
Niger
1963
Chad
1963
Nigeria
1963
Comoros
1975
Rwanda
1963
Congo
1963
Sao Tome and Principe
1975
Djibouti
1977
Senegal
1963
Egypt
1963
Seychelles
1976
Equatorial Guinea
1969
Sierra Leone
1963
Ethiopia
1963
Somalia
1963
Gabon
1963
Sudan
1963
Gambia
1965
Swaziland
1968
Ghana
1963
Tanzania
1963
Guinea
1963
Togo
1963
Guinea-Bissau
1973
Tunisia
1963
Ivory Coast
1963
Uganda
1963
Kenya
1963
Upper Volta
1963
Lesotho
1966
Zaire
1963
Liberia
1963
Zambia
1964
Libya
1963
Vii
CONFIDENTIAL
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The Organization of African Unity
Membership
The OAU accepts as members the indepen-
dent states ' of the African continent and sur-
rounding islands-a total of 49 countries. All
eligible states are members-indeed, OAU mem-
bership has become a symbol of independence.
Beginning with 31 charter members, the organi-
zation has admitted new states as they have
become independent. This is done with the ap-
proval of a simple majority of the existing mem-
bership. The option of resigning, following one
year's written notice, has never been taken up by
a member state.
The principle that membership is by states,
rather than by governments, was established at
the very beginning. Togo's President Olympio
had been invited to attend the constituent meet-
ing in Addis Ababa in May 1963, but was
overthrown by a coup before the meeting took
place. Although his successor, President Gru-
nitsky, did not attend the meeting, Togo was
accepted as an observer and was recognized as
the 32nd charter member when it signed the
document shortly after the summit. The consen-
sus of the debate on the issue was that change of
government does not affect membership status.
English and French were readily accepted by
the Addis Ababa conference as the two official
languages of the OAU. There was, however,
considerable sentiment that African languages
should be accorded some status in an African
body, and a resolution was adopted which pro-
vided that any African language for which trans-
lation facilities were available could be used. The
Arabic-speaking group has used this as the basis
for making Arabic the unofficial third language
of the organization.
' South Africa is excluded because of an OAU proviso that an
independent state is one "under indigenous African rule."
Charter
The OAU Charter signed in Addis Ababa on
25 May 1963 has over the years remained virtu-
ally unchanged. It enunciates the principles to
which the organization adheres and lays out its
purposes.
The seven principles are:
? Sovereign equality of all member states.
? Noninterference in the internal affairs of
states.
? Respect for the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of each state and for its inalienable
right to independent existence.
? Peaceful settlement of disputes by negotia-
tion, mediation, conciliation, or arbitration.
? Unreserved condemnation of political assas-
sination as well as of subversive activities on
the part of neighboring states or any other
state.
? Dedication to the total emancipation of the
African territories that are still dependent.
? Affirmation of a policy of nonalignment with
regard to all blocs.
The enunciation of purposes parallels the po-
litical statement of principles and also extends
the OAU into the economic and social fields. The
five purposes cited are:
? To promote the unity and solidarity of the
African states.
? To coordinate and intensify their cooperation
and their efforts to achieve a better life for
the peoples of Africa.
? To defend their sovereignty, their territorial
integrity, and independence.
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? To eradicate all forms of colonialism from
Africa.
? To promote international cooperation, with
due regard to the Charter of the United
Nations and the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.
The OAU has no provision for sanctions to
enforce its resolutions. It depends on persuasion
and, in essence, seeks to achieve unity and
cooperation through consensus. This low-key ap-
proach is reflective of African culture aiid-promo -
ably accounts in large measure for the continuing
acceptance of the organization. While it lends an
appearance of indecision and procrastination, it
usually avoids the brittle divisiveness that show-
down voting and punitive actions would generate.
The OAU system allows considerable opportuni-
ty for political posturing, while ensuring that any
official decisions receive long consideration and
general backing. The principles of noninterven-
tion and territorial integrity have become more
entrenched with passage of time.
The OAU Charter set up institutions to carry
out the work of the organization--the Assembly
of Heads of State and Government; the Council
of Ministers; the General Secretariat; and a
group of special commissions.
The Assembly of Heads of State and Govern-
ment-whose annual meeting is commonly re-
ferred to as the OAU summit-is the "supreme
organ" of the OAU. Each member state is
entitled to representation at the summit and has
equal weight there.
The Assembly discusses matters of common
concern to the African nations, considers resolu-
tions prepared for it by the Council of Ministers,
and hears reports submitted by the Secretary
General, OAU specialized commissions, and ad
hoc committees. Members may also raise ques-
tions not listed on the agenda.
Decisions at the summit require a two-thirds
majority of the membership, except for procedur-
al questions which need only a simple majority.
No OAU action is binding unless it has been
accepted by the Assembly. Implementation is up
to the member states.
The annual summit is the most highly publi-
cized aspect of the OAU's activity, largely be-
cause the coming together of a number of heads
of state is in itself a noteworthy event. Almost
invariably, there is a buildup of anticipation hat
the summit will make major political decisions,
followed almost as inevitably by disappointment
when this proves not to be the case.
OAU summits generally last two to four days;
most of the sessions are closed to nonpartici-
pants, although representatives of the UN and of
recognized African liberation movements are
accorded observer status. Discussions at the sum-
mits are off the record, and formal speeches are
discouraged. This format permits a give and take
among the African leaders that would be impos-
sible if the deliberations were open. The objective
is to arrive at a consensus on the issues laid
before the meeting. When this is possible, deci-
sions are made on the spot, without referral back
to the member states for ratification. Where no
agreement can be reached, the tendency is to
appoint an ad hoc study committee or to refer the
issue back to the regular OAU machinery-in
effect, to postpone action. Substantive issues are
very seldom put to a vote.
Informal meetings outside the conference
room are an important aspect of the summits, for
they permit the heads of state to deal with one
another outside accepted regional and ideological
frameworks. Moreover, they emphasize the per-
sonal kind of political exchange that is far more
important than institutional politics in the Afri-
can context in which the leaders operate most of
the time. Givers. the thinness of the political
leadership of most African countries, an OAU f
summit can directly involve most of the conti-
nent's policymakers. The heads of state of newly
independent countries are introduced to estab-
lished African leaders through these meetings;
the same holds true of new leaders who come to
power in older countries through coups or other
forms of succession.
It has become the accepted practice to hold the
annual summit around the middle of the year, so
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that agreed positions on matters of concern to
Africa can be worked out prior to the UN
General Assembly meeting in September.
In addition to endorsing resolutions on politi-
cal topics, the summit has the final say on the
OAU's own administration. It elects the Secre-
tary General and four assistant secretaries gener-
al, approves the budget, and effects occasional
reorganizations. It also selects the annual chair-
man of the OAU.
Selection of the chairman-normally the head
of state of the country hosting the summit of a
given year-is made with the kind of political
horsetrading characteristic of international or-
ganizations. Given the prestige of the chairman-
ship and the publicity given to the host country,
J selection is much sought after. The choice is
generally made about two years in advance 2 and
considerable effort is made to see that the rota-
tion is accomplished with due regard to the size,
location, language, and political orientation of
host countries.
The choice of chairman and locale involves a
number of intangibles. Since the number of
chiefs of state attending a summit frequently
becomes a popular measure of the "success" of
the meeting, African leaders frequently use this
as a means of indicating a political stand. The
1977 summit in Gabon, for example, brought a
large turnout of presidents of moderate French-
speaking countries-a group which until then
usually ignored the OAU-to demonstrate soli-
darity with one of their own kind. The chairman-
ship in the early years gave African legitimacy to
controversial leaders like Nasir and Nkrumah,
and more recently to shaky ones like Mobutu and
Amin.
The rotating venue stimulates loans for fixing
up the host cities and building accommodations.
In addition, it can foster symbolic gestures, such
as Haile Selassie's appearance at the Mogadiscio
summit in 1974 to demonstrate Ethiopia's "rec-
onciliation" with Somalia.
The chairman is the recognized spokesman of
. the OAU for the year of his tenure, and he
2 The 1979 summit is tentatively assigned to Liberia, and the
1980 summit to Sierra Leone.
projects the image of the OAU for the year he
holds office. Some chairmen, like Bongo in 1977-
78 and Amin in 1975-76, are extremely active,
while others-like Ramgoolam in 1976-77- are
passive. Numayri, who will be chairman in 1978-
79, is unlikely to lead the OAU in adventurous
directions. The political orientation of the chair-
man has some effect on the OAU, though this is
diminished by the character of the organization
itself. It shows up primarily in the type of issue
selected for public comment.
The Council of Ministers is composed of the
foreign ministers or other designated ministers of
the member states. It meets semiannually for
sessions that run about seven to 10 days. The
foreign minister of the country hosting the annu-
al summit serves as chairman of the Council of
Ministers for the year.
One meeting of the Council, usually held in
February, is devoted primarily to budgetary and
administrative questions. The other immediately
precedes the summit and is devoted to preparing
the agenda and drafting the proposals to be
considered by the heads of state. The budget
sessions at one time met in Addis Ababa, but
since the Ethiopian revolution they have rotated
among various host cities and the local foreign
minister has chaired the meeting. The agenda
session almost always meets in the same city as
the summit.
The Council is the principal deliberative body
of the OAU, though its resolutions, which can be
adopted by a simple majority, must be submitted
to the Assembly of Heads of State for approval.
Resolutions of the Council, though they are not
binding on the member states, are widely publi-
cized and can have considerable political effect.
Council resolutions are frequently approved by
the summit. without further consideration if they
are generally acceptable and there is a press of
other business. Thus, the Council often sets
OAU -policy on secondary issues, while those of
prime concern are decided by the heads of state.
There are occasions when the point of view of a
country's foreign minister and its president con-
flict, so that a single country might take a
U
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CONFIDENTIAL
different position in the council and at the
summit.
majority; he was not reelected until the sixth
ballot.
The OAU Secretariat, located in Addis Aba-
ba, carries out the day-to-day work of the
organization.
It is headed by a secretary general, named to a
four-year term by the Assembly of Heads of
State. Four assistant secretaries general are simi-
larly appointed. One of the few established re-
quirements for the post of secretary general is
the ability to speak both English and French.
There was a year's delay in naming the first
secretary general, to allow for charter ratifica-
tion and other matters. For this interim period,
Ethiopia provided a provisional secretary gener-
al, Tesfaye Gebre-Egzy, assisted by another
Ethiopian, Kifle Wodajo, and other personnel
who set up a civil service for the OAU.
At the July 1964 summit, Diallo Tell I of
Guinea was elected secretary general. He al-
ready had an international reputation and his
name had been under consideration long before
the summit. He easily won election over Emile
Derlen Zinsou of Benin, a last-minute candidate.
The four assistant secretaries general chosen in
1964 were Mohamed Sahnoun of Algeria, John
Mombales of Kenya, Gratien Pognon of Benin,
and S. U. Yokah of Nigeria.
Diallo Telli took the oath of office on 4 Sep-
tember 1964 at the opening of a special session of
the Council. He soon became spokesman for
Africa, whether or not this was ever intended by
the OAU member states. Although he displayed
remarkable skills, other African leaders came to
resent his abrasiveness, his meddling, and his
tendency to exceed the administrative framework
of his post.
By the time of the 1968 summit, there was
speculation that Diallo Telli would not be re-
elected. Preoccupation with the Biafran secession
and the Nigerian civil war, however, prevented
the heads of state from focusing on the contest
for OAU secretary general. The only other can-
didate was a little-known Rwandan, Fidele
Nkundabagenzi, who dropped out after the third
ballot. Diallo had trouble getting a two-thirds
By 1972 Diallo had lost the backing of key
members of the OAU. Nigeria and Cameroon, in
particular, made careful plans to have him re-
placed. When the election opened there were
four candidates, but the Cameroonian, Nzo
Ekangaki, led all the way. On the fifth ballot, he
received the needed two-thirds majority.
The morale of the Secretariat that Ekangaki
inherited was low and his efforts to make
changes-undertaken without due caution-
were sabotaged by staffer. In early 1974 he laid
himself open to attack by signing a consultant
contract with the Lonrho Company, which has
well-known ties with South Africa. The contract
was abrogated in the ensuing uproar, but
Ekangaki recognized that he had lost the confi-
dence of the OAU members and announced his
intention to resign. The resignation was to be
effective the end of August, to allow time for the
choice of a successor.
The immediate question was whether the
Council should designate one of the assistant
secretaries general to fill the unfinished term or
whether the summit should elect a new incum-
bent for a full four-year term. The final decision
was to elect a new secretary general.
At the Mogadiscio summit, the heads of
state spent over 11 hours choosing Ekangaki's
successor. The eventual victor was William
Eteki Mboumoua, a high-ranking Cameroonian
technocrat.
Eteki's four-year tenure has gone fairly
smoothly, and he is standing for reelection for
the 1978-82 term. Although the names of a
number of possible contenders have beenaated,
there is no discernible drive to depose Eteki.
The four assistant secretaries are carefully
balanced to provide representation to all the
major groups in the OAU. It is understood that
election to these offices is determined more by
country than by individual candidate. The coun-
tries can be changed at the quadrennial election,
but while a country holds a particular post, the
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home government is authorized to replace the
actual incumbent.
The assignment of duties within the Secretar-
iat is the responsibility of the secretary general.
Major changes of assignment among the assist-
ant secretaries are rare. The only assistant secre-
tary who figures significantly is the one responsi-
ble for political affairs, who frequently meets
with journalists as the spokesman of the OAU.
This position was held by Mohamed Sahnoun of
Algeria until 1973 and by Peter Onu of Nigeria
since that date. The other assistant secretaries
are A.E. Osanya Nyyneque of Kenya for eco-
nomic and social affairs, Noureddine Djoudi of
Algeria for education and cultural affairs, and
Kamanda wa Kamanda of Zaire for adminis-
tration.
There is relatively little connection between
the activities of the permanent staff and those of
the OAU chairman. The chairman issues com-
muniques and initiates calls for meetings, and
the Secretariat manages the followup.
The Secretariat is divided into four depart-
ments, each headed by an assistant secretary
general. Altogether, there are roughly 300 staff
employees, drawn from more than half of the
member states and several of the _ recognized
liberation movements. They work in a separate
office building in Addis Ababa.
Staffing of the Secretariat has been a chronic
problem for the OAU. Especially in the begin-
ning, when the African governments were unable
to meet their own needs, it was difficult to recruit
trained personnel. Efforts to employ people from
the least developed African countries in order to
help them gain experience have not been very
successful.
Defaults in the payment of dues have reduced
the funds available for Secretariat salaries, and
the OAU's salary scale has always been noncom-
petitive with that of the UN's Economic Com-
mission for Africa and other international units
located in Addis Ababa. Salary scales were
revised upward in 1970 and 1972, but remain
relatively low.
Poor morale has been a constant complaint.
The Secretaria_t has generally-Tacked effective
management, with resulting ,,indiscipline. Em-
ployees do not have a strong identification with
the OAU, and tend to formnationl or regional
cliques. Some reportedly appeal to their own
ambassadors for support in internal disputes.
Negligent accounting for funds is also a recux-
rent problem.
The Ethiopian revolution in 1974 put a new
strain on OAU staff. In place of the highly
supportive backing of the former regime, the
revolutionary forces have on occasion harassed
Secretariat personnel and interfered with OAU
operations.
Periodically, suggestions are made that the
OAU headquarters should be moved away from
Addis Ababa. These suggestions have failed to
win much support, either because of the cost of
moving the organization or because of a general
reluctance among the member states to appear to
set political standards of acceptability for hosting
an OAU body.
The OAU's regular budget now amounts to
approximately $8 million annually, raised .from..
assessments levied on the.member.states. Contri-
butiorisare assigned according to the formula
used by the UN; they are theoretically based on
ability to pay, taking into consideration a mix of
national income, per capita income, and econom-
ic dislocations. Nevertheless, delinquent pay-
ments are a continuing problem.
Special Commissions
The original plans for the OAU called for a
number of special commissions to administer
specific types of activity. These organizations
have had a spotty history. They include the
African Liberation Committee, which has led a
virtually independent existence, and the Concil-
iation Commission, which was slow coming into
being, never found a function, and was eventual-
ly replaced by ad hoc arrangements. The perfor-
of special commissions for defense, educa-
mance
tion and cultural affairs, health and sanitation,
and scientific and technical research has been
little better. In the case of the last three, the
greater efficiency of working through the UN's
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Economic Commission for Africa was soon
obvious.
The 17-member Coordinating Committee for
the Liberation of Africa-commonly called the
African Liberation Committee-is a semiauton-
omous arm of the OAU. The ALC, which main-
tains a permanent headquarters in Dar es Sa-
laam, deals on a continuing basis with recognized
African liberation movements. It also operates a
Special Fund from which it provides financial aid
to individual liberation groups.
The OAU's sense of urgency about the liber-
ation of African territories still under colonial
rule was expressed right from the start and is
reflected in the Charter. The African Liberation
Committee was established by acclamation at
the founding summit in 1963.
The ALC originally had nine permanent mem-
bers, named by the Assembly of Heads of State.
Selection for membership took into consideration
geographic proximity to the territories to be
liberated and the country's record of providing
assistance to national liberation movements. The
initial members were Ethiopia, Algeria, Egypt,
Uganda, Tanzania, Guinea. Zaire, Senegal, and
Nigeria. Zambia and Somalia were added by the
1965 summit, and six additional permanent
members-Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Libya,
Mauritania, and Morocco-were named to the
ALC in 1972.
From its formation, the ALC has been among
the most active of OAU institutions. It meets
twice a year, just prior to the meetings of the
OAU Council of Ministers, and maintains its
own secretariat and bank account. Interest in its
activities, however,_ hasbeen largely confined to
its own members, with Tanzania in particular
taking a proprietary role. There has been declin-
ing interest in the ALC, except among the more
radical states, and the scope of its activity has
narrowed as the number of nonindependent terri-
tories has decreased.
The semiannual meetings of the ALC, nor-
mally held in Dar es Salaam, hear reports on the
current progress of the various liberation efforts
and address to some extent the internal problems
of the liberation movements. OAU member
states that are not members of the ALC may
attend these meetings if they wish.
The ALC is funded by annual assessments
levied on all members of the OAU and by
solicitation of outside donations of money and
military materiel. It receives a subsidy from the
OAU Secretariat to cover its administrative ex- f
penses and is subject to OAU audits. The ALC
insists that all aid to liberation movements
should be channeled through it, but in practice it
is often bypassed. Outside donors to the ALC
have included foreign states, such as the USSR.
The ALC has three major committees. The
Standing Committee on Finance authorizes ex-
penditures, balancing the defense needs of the
liberation movements against the availability of
funds. The Standing Committee on Defense dis-
cusses the operations of the various liberation
movements and training centers and reports their
administrative and military requirements to the
finance committee. The Standing Committee on
Administration and General Policy deals with
management issues.
The ALC administers two funds: the Special
Fund comprising assessments paid by OAU
member states and other donations and the
General Fund maintained by payments from the
OAU Secretariat. Arrears in contributions are a
chronic problem-only a handful of states pay
their assessments in full. The ALC's accounting
procedures have never been considered statisfac-
tort' by`OAU auditors. In particular, there iii. a
pa th n df -failureetto record payments made to the
liberation movements.
The appointment of the ALC executive secre-
tary is, in effect, left to Tanzania's President
Nyerere. Nyerere argued that, since the security
of the host country i's involved, the executive
secretary must be selected in consultation with
the president of the host country and must be a j-.
national of that country. The position was filled
by -George Magombe of Tanzania until 1972,
when he came under heavy criticism from some
OAU members. Ile was replaced by Hashim
Mbita, also of Tanzania.
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During the 1960s the ALC set up suboffices in
Lusaka and Conakry for greater proximity to the
liberation wars. These offices were also headed
by nationals of the respective host countries,
although their deputies could be from any OAU
member state. Appointments were made after
consultation among the host government, the
OAU secretary general, and the ALC executive
secretary. The Conakry office was closed after
Guinea-Bissau achieved its independence.
Ever since 1964, problems related to the ALC
have come up regularly at OAU Council and
summit meetings. Recurrent items include recog-
nition of various movements, levying of assess-
ments, arrears, distribution of payments, ALC
membership, and complaints about overspending.
The ALC was in operation before the OAU
Secretariat and started out with a staff and a
large budget completely independent from the
rest of the OAU. When difficulties arose later,
the Assembly felt it could not go back on the
1963 .decision to create a separate committee,
but OAU member states have long kept the ALC
short of funds.
Complaints about the ALC prompted the 1969
summit to create a Committee of Seven to study
the ALC's mandate, structure, and composition.
The study group, after circulating questionnaires
and interviewing representatives of the ALC
secretariat and of the liberation groups, made its
final report to the 1972 summit. The summit
opted to leave things much as they were, except
for adding six new members to the ALC and
forcing a change of executive secretaries.
The ALC for many years operated several
training camps and a military depot, located in
Tanzania and staffed by seconded military ex-
perts paid by the OAU. These facilities were
expected to serve various recognized liberation
movements, though ZANU and ZAPU were the
major users. One ZANU camp is still in opera-
tion. During the liberation war in Guinea-Bissau,
the ALC also maintained a training camp in
Guinea.
One of the key functions assigned to the ALC
is to designate which liberation movements are
recognized by the OAU and entitled to its politi-
cal and material support. In 1965 the Council of
Ministers and the ALC agreed to establish three-
member ad hoc commissions of inquiry to evalu-
ate the effectiveness of particular liberation
movements. They report their findings in se-
quence to the ALC, the Council of Ministers,
and the OAU summit.
MPLA
FNLA
GRAE
Frelimo
ZANU
ZAPU
SWAPO
NAC
PAC
LMD
FLCS
SPUP
Molinaco
African Liberation Movements
African Party for the Independence of Guinea
and Cape Verde
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
National Front for the Liberation of Angola
Angolan Revolutionary Government in Exile
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique
Zimbabwe African National Union
Zimbabwe African People's Union
South-West Africa People's Organization
African National Congress
Pan-Africanist Congress
Movement for the Liberation of Djibouti
Liberation Front for the Somali Coast
Seychelles People's United Party
Comoros National Liberation Movement
During its first decade, the OAU, following
ALC recommendations, accorded recognition to
the PAIGC for Guinea-Bissau, the MPLA and
the FNLA, then known as GRAE, for Angola,
Frelimo for Mozambique, ZANU and ZAPU for
Rhodesia, SWAPO for Namibia, the ANC and
the PAC for South Africa, and the Ethiopian-
backed LMD and the Somali-backed FLCS for
Djibouti, SPUP for the Seychelles, and Molinaco
for the Comoros. Those excluded from recogni-
tion were mostly frivolous movements.
The ALC later attempted-partly in response
to pressure from the rest of the OAU-to assign
priority to assisting movements actively engaged
in fighting. By the early 1970s this trend had
become a concerted effort to secure early inde-
pendence for the Portuguese territories. The
guerrilla struggle had come close to successin
Guinea-Bissau, where the ALC was assisting-the
PAID_- with- independence negotiations when
the 'ortu_guese regime in Lisbon was overthrown
in 1974. The coup in Lisbon eventually led to
Portugal's withdrawal from all its African colo-
C,
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hies and the accession to power of OAU-recog-
nized liberation movements in Guinea-Bissau,
Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe, and Cape
Verde. In Angola, the OAU had by 1975 recog-
nized all three liberation groups contending for
power in the civil war. A special summit was
eventually held to debate this divisive situation.
The main focus of the ALC has now shifted to
Namibia and Rhodesia. The OAU has consis-
tently recognized SWAPO as the only valid
liberation movement for Namibia. The situation
regarding Rhodesian groups is less clear, since
both ZANU and ZAPU have had long-standing
backing from the ALC. Since 1977, the OAU
has recognized the Patriotic Front-ZANU and
ZAPU together-as the approved liberation
movement for Rhodesia, but does not restrict
OAU members to supporting only the Front.
The smaller countries which had OAU-rccog-
nized liberation movements-Djibouti, Sey-
chelles, and Comoros -have by now become
independent states with full membership in the
OAU. There have been fitful attempts---appar-
ently instigated by Algeria-to get the OAU to
recognize a Canary Islands liberation movement.
The Council of Ministers adopted without dis-
cussion an ALC resolution to this effect at the
1978 budget session, prompting Spain to conduct
an active lobbying campaign to prevent further
action. Notice is occasionally taken of the con-
tinuing French administration of the islands of
Reunion and Mayotte.
One notable exception to OAU recognition of
liberation movements is Eritrea. During the
Haile Selassie years, Ethiopia effectively insisted
that the Eritrean separatist drive was an internal
affair and not a subject for OAU concern. This
position has persisted.
There were to be six other special conini s-
sions as the OAU was originally envisaged.
These commissions, comprising the appropriate
ministers of all member states, were to meet
periodically, report to the Council of Ministers,
and maintain some permanent staff. The plans
have not materialized, and most of the special
commissions have withered away.
The Defense Commission-with the enthusi-
astic backing of Ghana's Nkrumah-was the
first of the commissions to meet. In sessions in
October 1963 and February 1965, it agreed to
study the formation of an African High Com-
mand but little interest was shown in the propos-
al. The commission remained dormant until the invasion of Guinea in 1970 stimulated its revival
in December 1970. Since then it has continued
half-heartedly to explore plans for a regional
defense system, but has taken no action.
The first meeting of the OAU called for the
creation of a Commission of Mediation, Concil-
iation, and Arbitration. It was anticipated that
any OAU member, or the Council, or the Assem-
bly might refer an issue to the commission for
consideration, whether or not it was a party to
the dispute. The commission would undertake to
mediate, conciliate, or arbitrate only with the
consent of the parties concerned.
The commission was very slow in taking shape.
The 1965 summit finally appointed 21 member
states to serve five-year terms on the commission,
and gave it a small budget and an office in Addis
Ababa. Nigeria was to provide the first
chairman.
The commission did not hold its first meeting
until December 1967-a session which turned
out also to be its last. Because no case was ever
referred to it, the Conciliation Commission was
converted to an ad hoc basis in 1971.
The 1977 summit created an additional per-
manent committee to deal with intra-African
disputes. Its members are Gabon, Madagascar,
Nigeria, Togo, Tunisia, Zaire, and Zambia;
these are to be supplemented by three other
states to be named by the OAU chairman on an
ad hoc basis to deal with any particular dispute
referred to the committee. Although this _ new
arrangement has not been? tested, itsa_pparently is
meant tip allow the OAU to play a mediating role
w" 6-u-i the rior consent of the states concerned.
Lacking an active Conciliation Commission to
deal with intra-African disputes, the OAU has
made a practice of designating special commit-
tees or factfinding teams to do so. Appointments
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are normally made either by a summit or by the
annual chairman. Once a committee has been
assigned to a problem, it remains charged with it
until the final report is accepted, often a matter
of several years. In some instances-the Ethio-
pia-Somalia dispute is a notable example-an
issue that had been closed flared up again and
the committee that had dealt with it before was
reactivated.
Ad hoc groups of varying size and importance
have undertaken to study a wide range of prob-
lems affecting OAU member states. Special as-
signments have been undertaken by heads of
state working in groups or individually, by the
OAU secretary general, and by lower ranking
officials.
The mission of these ad hoc groups is to
investigate complaints and to conduct a dialogue
with the parties concerned. They are not ex-
pected to settle problems, but rather to prevent
them from escalating and to create an atmo-
sphere in which the disputants can reach accom-
modation without political embarrassment. Bor-
der disputes, political subversion, and armed
attacks are the most common type of complaints.
OAU committees have also investigated broad
international issues, such as the Middle East
question and the economic impact of OPEC price
increases, but the most serious African problems
are referred to the next OAU summit.
The Economic and Social Commission met in
December 1963 and in January 1965 to plan
African economic cooperation, with the OAU
Secretariat called on to provide preliminary stud-
ies. This arrangement proved unworkable from
the start, since the OAU's competence in the
field was overshadowed by the UN's Economic
Commission for Africa and the OAU Secretariat
was already overwhelmed by its workload.
Diallo Telli took the initiative in working out
an agreement, concluded in November 1965, to
allow reciprocal representation and coordination
between the ECA and the OAU at international
meetings where African economic and social
matters are considered and to arrange coopera-
tion on statistical services. Under this agreement,
UN staff and money are contributed to the
U
U
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preparation of working papers essential to OAU
decisions. Paper work is shared between the ECA
and the staff of the economic and social affairs
department of the OAU Secretariat.
Following an OAU decision in the mid-1960s
to reduce the number of specialized commissions,
transportation and communications were ab-
sorbed into the Economic and Social Commis-
sion. It has proved difficult, even with the merg-
er, to find a quorum for further biennial
meetings of the commission.
The three other commissions activated in
1964-education and culture; health, sanitation,
and nutrition; and scientific, technical, and re-
search-all tended to leave most of their work to
other international organizations. In 1967 they
were merged into a single, enlarged Education,
Scientific, Cultural, and Health Commission
which has enjoyed some revival of interest. The
commission's staff work is carried out in Addis
Ababa for education and health matters and in
Lagos and scattered specialized bureaus else-
where for scientific matters.
This dispersal results in part from the fact that
a scientific and technical organization already
existed when the OAU was formed. The Com-
mission for Technical Cooperation in Africa
South of the Sahara had been created by the
colonial powers, and the African states continued
to adhere to it when they became independent.
During the 1960s, control of the commission
shifted to the Africans, and the former colonial
powers became associate members. The head-
quarters was moved from London to Lagos and
the secretariat was Africanized. In May 1964 the
old commission was dissolved and its operations
turned over to the OAU's new Scientific, Techni-
cal and Research Commission. In addition to the
Lagos headquarters, there are a Publications
Bureau in Nairobi (previously in Niamey), an
Inter-African Phytosanitary Bureau in Yaounde,
an Inter-African Soils Bureau in Bangui, and an
Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources in
Nairobi. The organization maintains an exten-
sive program of meetings and publications in the
scientific field, largely financed from outside the
OAU.
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Recently there has been a move among Afri-
can states operating under the aegis of the OAU
to branch out into providing joint services in
specialized fields. A Pan-African Telecommuni-
cations Union and a Pan-African News Agency
were established in late 1977.
Special Sessions
One of the major roles of the OAU is to deal
with crises, and the principal devices it has used
For this purpose are ad hoc committees and
special sessions. There have been eight special
sessions of the Council of Ministers and one
special summit. The convening of special sessions
was most prevalent in the earliest years, before
the organization's permanent institutions-espe-
cially the Secretariat--were fully operational.
A special session of the council can be request-
ed by any OAU member, but must be approved
by two-thirds of the members. Any state that is
unwilling to air a problem thus has a good
chance of finding enough support to be able to
prevent a special session. It is also necessary to
find a member state wilting to host the meeting.
The agenda for a special session must be
circulated in advance, and only the items submit-
ted at the time the meeting is requested can be
included, thus avoiding the diffuse focus and
massive documentation that characterizes the
regular sessions. Issues raised in special sessions
can be carried over to regular sessions, and this
has frequently been done.
The rules for calling a special summit are
similar to those for calling a special session of the
Council. By the early 1970s it had become clear
that mediation and conciliation efforts would be
more effective if the heads of state were directly
involved and since then it has been more common
for OAU members to think in terms of calling
special summits than special sessions of the
Council. This escalation, however, has made it
even more difficult to arrange for such a
meeting.
The first special session of the Council of
Ministers was held in November 1963 to discuss
a boundary dispute between Algeria and Moroc-
co that predated the formation of the OAU. At
the time, the special session was regarded as a
substitute for referring the problem to the Con-
ciliation Commission provided for in the OAU
Charter but not yet in being. It was also under-
stood that the role of the OAU was not to reach a
decision based on the merits of the case, but to
find a means of easing tension in the area. The
special session appointed a seven-member ad hoc
committee which reported back to five successive
regular meetings of the council before adjourn-
ing in 1967. The final border agreement, signed
in 1972, was reached through bilateral negotia-
tions, though the work of the committee has been
credited with making the negotiations possible.
The second special session of the Council of
Ministers, in February 1964, dealt with two
unrelated problems-a mutiny in Tanzania,
which led to the calling in of British troops, and
Somalia's border disputes with Ethiopia and
Kenya. The Tanzanian issue pitted those African
states-notably Ghana-pressing for creation of
an African High Command against others seek-
ing immediate military response on a bilateral
basis to ease a temporary crisis. Advocates of the
latter won Council support.
On the other issue, Somalia had sought sup-
port in the UN Security Council, but the UN
Secretary General encouraged it to turn instead
to the OAU. After the OAU Council appointed a
committee to handle the problem, Somalia with-
drew its request for UN conciliation. The 11-
member committee called for a cease-fire and
requested African states with diplomatic mis-
sions in the area to facilitate its implementation...
Both border disputes were carried on the agenda
for regular OAU sessions until 1967, when So-
malia and Kenya reached an understanding.
Meanwhile, Ethiopia and Somalia signed a joint
agreement-arranged by Sudan-to assure
peace in the border area. These Somali cases
established the principle that African disputes
are first submitted to Africans for settlement.
Two special sessions were held on the Zaire
problem in 1964-one in Addis Ababa in Sep-
tember and another in New York in December.
The UN force had been phased out in June, and
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by fall some African states had become con-
cerned about the threat to Zaire's neighbors and
Prime Minister Tshombe's recruitment of merce-
naries. The first of these special sessions set up a
10-member commission, headed by Kenya, to
encourage reconciliation. The commission, with
the aid of private talks between Tshombe and
Kenyatta, settled some bilateral issues between
Zaire and. its neighbors and also sent a special
delegation to Washington to request the end of
US military aid to Tshombe's government.
Following the Stanleyville (Kisangani) crisis
in November and the ensuing Western interven-
tion, Kenyatta recalled the commission, but it
was so badly split that it accomplished nothing.
Eighteen African states were among the coun-
tries seeking to refer the issue to the UN. A
special session of the Security Council, held from
9 to 30 December 1964, eventually passed a
resolution that left the Zaire problem to the
OAU. To protect the appearance of African
unity, a special session of the OAU Council of
Ministers was held in New York during the UN
session. It reaffirmed the position the Council
had taken in September and continued the man-
date of the commission. Divisions stemming in
part from the Zaire issue prevented any action on
the matter at the regular spring council meeting
in 1965 and threatened to paralyze the summit
as well. The dismissal of Tshombe as Prime
Minister on the eve of the summit permitted the
OAU quietly to drop the issue.
The fifth special session, in June 1965, was
called primarily because of a threatened boycott
of the approaching summit in Accra by member
states that suspected Ghana of encouraging sub-
version against their countries. It passed a resolu-
tion recommending that all states attend the
summit on the strength of promises it elicited
from Ghana regarding control of exile activity.
The summit was held in Accra in October, but
many of the moderate French-speaking countries
did not participate.
The Accra summit recommended that a spe-
cial committee be created to work out what
forms of African assistance should be given to
Rhodesian liberation movements and called on
the UK to use force against Prime Minister
Smith if necessary. When Rhodesia proclaimed
its Unilateral Declaration of Independence the
following November, the OAU reacted by calling
a special session of the Council of Ministers. The
meeting declined to commit African states to
direct military action, though it did agree to
certain contingency measures and set a short
deadline for the UK to find a solution.
The seventh special session of the Council of
Ministers was held in December 1970, after the
Portuguese-backed seaborne invasion of Guinea
in November. The episode revived calls for for-
mation of an African task force, prompting
Diallo Telli to schedule a meeting of the OAU
Defense Commission to coincide with the special
session. The Council decided to set up a special
fund to aid Guinea, to increase OAU assistance
to liberation movements fighting against the
Portuguese, and to mandate the Defense Com-
mission to study ways and means to improve
African defense.
The Council held another special session in
November 1973, in the wake of the Middle East
war. This session considered economic coopera-
tion between African and Arab states, action
against Israel, and the use of oil as a weapon in
southern Africa. Its only specific action was the
creation of a seven-member committee to make
contact with Arab countries through the Arab
League, to study the effects of .the oil embargo
on African countries, and to discuss with Arab
producers means of alleviating these effects.
As a followup to the proposals made by the
special session, Arab-African meetings at the
ministerial level were held in 1974 and 1976, and
an OAU-Arab League summit finally took place
in Cairo in March 1977. The Arabs promised to
increase their financial assistance for African
development, but they cited no amounts and
made no provision for an African role in deciding
how the aid would be used. The Africans, on
their side, endorsed a resolution equating Zion-
ism ' with racism.
Angola was the topic of the OAU's only
special summit held to date. In August 1975
Amin, then serving as the annual OAU chair-
U
U
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CONFIDENTIAL
man, appointed a 10-country ad hoc commission
to go to Angola to study the claims of the three
()AU-recognized liberation groups and to report
back to him. The members of the commission
split along ideological lines and could make no
recommendations. When Portugal gave Angola
its independence in November, some OAU mem-
bers promptly recognized the MPLA as the
official government.
The introduction, in the fall, of South African
and Cuban forces into the Angolan civil war
added to the Africans' dilemma. Most OAU
states remained outwardly neutral, but the South
African intervention, in particular, caused some
of them to waver. Amin even proposed that he
lead an OAU peacekeeping force to Angola.
Calling a special session was the logical next
step, though some members were concerned that
this would deepen-Amin's involvement.
After some backing and filling over the date, a
special summit was scheduled in Addis Ababa
for 10 to 12 January 1976, to be preceded by a
two-day special session of the Council of Minis-
ters. The more radical states were seeking OAU
recognition of the MPLA government and the
condemnation of South African intervention.
The more moderate states proposed a counter-
resolution calling for a coalition government and
denouncing all foreign intervention. When it
attempted to vote, the summit divided 22 to 22,
with two abstentions--the closest the OAU had
ever come to a real split.
The special summit adjourned without making
a decision. Almost immediately afterward, Ethi-
opia recognized the MPLA government. Several
other countries soon followed suit. By the time
the regular budget session of the Council opened
in February, a majority of the African states had
recognized the MPLA government and Angola
was admitted virtually without discussion to full
OAU membership.
Algeria has been trying since late 1975 to get
the OAU involved in settling the disposition of
the former Spanish Sahara. The Algerians
charge that the partition of the territory by
Morocco and Mauritania has deprived its resi-
dents of their right to self-determination and
insist that the Polisario Movement is the legiti-
mate representative of the Saharan people. They
finally secured a resolution at the 1976 summit
instructing a committee to organize a special
summit. Although OAU members have been
canvassed several times and although the 1977
summit reaffirmed the decision to hold a special
session, the Algerians have never elicited suffi- `
cient support for such a meeting and the Sahara
issue has yet to be seriously debated by the
OAU.
Relations With the United Nations
One major function of the OAU is to coordi-
nate African actions in relation to the United
Nations. The May 1963 summit invited OAU
member states to charge their representatives at
the UN to form an African Group to assure
cooperation and coordination among African
states on questions of common interest. The UN
African Group meets together to decide on can-
didates for UN posts and to discuss general
strategy and issues requiring bloc voting. Its
chairmanship rotates among African heads of
missions.
The OAU maintains an office, headed by
Dramane Ouattara of Mali, at UN headquarters
in New York. Since 1972 this office has been
accorded diplomatic privileges and immunities.
The OAU also has an office in Geneva, accredit-
ed to the UN's European commission. These
offices are part of the structure of the OAU's
Economic and Social Commission.
The OAU is a recognized affiliate of the UN's
major specialized agencies, including the Inter-
national Labor Organization (ILO), the UN
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organiza-
tion (UNESCO), the World Health Organiza-
tion (WHO), and the Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO). The closest collaboration is
between the OAU and the UN's Economic Com-
mission for Africa. Although it is answerable
only to UNESCO, the ECA serves as the OAU's
arm for coordinating African economic and so-
cial development. It has been effective in per-
suading African governments to harmonize some
of their development policies, and it has spon-
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sored cooperative institutions such as the African
Development Bank.
Special sessions of the UN General Assembly
and major UN-Sponsored international confer-
ences have called forth significant OAU efforts
to formulate and to lobby for agreed African
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positions on such matters as law of the sea and
North-South relations.
In recognition of the close bonds between the
two organizations, the Secretary General of the
UN normally attends OAU summits.
The author of this paper is
Africa Division, Office of Regions an o it ca
Analysis. Comments and queries are welcome
and should be directed to on 351-
7228. 25X1 A
(_I
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OAU Summit Meetings
1963
22-25 May
Addis Ababa
Haile Selassie
1964
17-21 July
Cairo
Nasir
1965
21-25 October
Accra
Nkrumah
1966
5-9 November
Addis Ababa
Haile Salassie
1967
11-14 September
Kinshasa
Mobutu
1968
13-16 September
Algiers
Boumediene
1969
6-10 September
Addis Ababa
Ahidjo
1970
1-3 September
Addis Ababa
Kaunda
1971
21-23 June
Addis Ababa
Ould Daddah
1972
12-15 June
Rabat
Hassan
1973
24-29 May
Addis Ababa
Gowon
1974
12-16 June
Mogadiscio
Siad
1975
29 July-2 August
Kampala
Amin
1976
2-6 July
Mauritius
Ramgoolam
1977
2-5 July
Libreville
Bongo
Set up the OAU and adopted its
Charter. Established the
ALC.
Concentrated on organizational
matters, but also called for a
boycott of South Africa.
Deplored the UK's failure to get
a settlement of the Rhodesian
issue. Rejected Nkrumah's
proposal for an African De-
fense Force.
Called for mandatory and com-
prehensive sanctions against
Rhodesia.
Concentrated on projecting a
new image of maturity, unity,
and realism.
Reaffirmed support of territorial
integrity of Nigeria in the
face of Biafran separatist ef-
fort. Also called for the with-
drawal of Israeli troops from
Arab territory.
Called for a cease-fire in the
Nigerian civil war and tight-
ened the internal administra-
tion of the OAU and the
ALC.
Clarified OAU responsibil-
ities in the economic and so-
cial field and condemned con-
tinued Western arms sales to
South Africa.
Rebuffed Ivory Coast proposal
for "dialogue" with South
Africa.
Condemned the UK for not tak-
ing effective steps to end the
illegal regime in Rhodesia
and called for Israeli with-
drawal from occupied ter-
ritories.
Drafted declaration redefining
economic relations with non-
African powers.
Contentious election of the sec-
retary general, symptomatic
of Arab-African friction.
Called for a cease-fire in Angola
and urged acceptance of an
OAU reconciliation commit-
tee. Refused to call for Israeli
expulsion from the UN.
Condemned various cases of for-
eign intervention, but de-
ferred issues affecting individ-
ual interests of African states.
Endorsed the Patriotic Front as
sole recognized liberation
movement for Rhodesia and
created new conciliation com-
CONFIDENTIAL mittees to handle intra-Afri-
can disputes.
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1 964-72
r>uinea
1913
`lade Selassie
~:thiopia
f 972-,r4
i::o Ekangak,
Larneroon
19o4
Jarnal 'Abd AI-Nasir
Egypt
4Vm. Ltek -,v ) wrnouo
Cameroon:
1955
Kwarre Nkrrrmah
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NFI[A-NTIAI
aide, Selassie
~ 41
Giese Seko Mobut>
Id +Jon n inr- -?a sa_n
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 Confidential
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Confidential
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