DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN EAST GERMANY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A072500790001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 3, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 2, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
, SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
50X1-HUM
COUNTRY East Germany
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED
Development of Electronic
Equipment in East Germany
c
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*
a
REPORT
DATE DISTR. 2 fsti61
NO. PAGES 3
EFERENCES
u_ILtU0S,'ut
? 50X1-HUM
56X1-HUM
INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
four reports
describing the state of the art of electronics equipment in
East Germany.
Attachment 1:
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The report describes the development of electronic measuring
equipment and includes illustrations of the following devices
treated in the text:
1. Ductilimeter (Technische Physikalische Werkstaetten Thalheim)
2. X-Ray gamma dosimeter (Vakutronik)
3. Device for adjustment and impedance measuring
(Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin)
4. Precision decade generator (Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin)
5. Electronoptical device (Zeiss, Jena)
6. Ultrasonic material-testing device (Zeiss, Jena)
7. Light-electrical spectralcolorimeter (Zeiss, Jena)
8. Recorder regulator (Zeiss, Jena)
(9 pages)
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GROUP I
Excluded horn automatic
downgrading and
declassification
STATE X I DIA X I ARMY X I NAVY X I AIR X I NSA X
I OSI EV X
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(Note: Field distribution indicated by "#".)
5
4 "
3
2
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Attachment 2:
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The report discusses and describes semiconductor components pro-
duced at the following installations:
Werk fuer Fernsehelektronik (semiconductor diodes)
Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt/Oder (Zener diodes, rectifiers and
transistors)
Carl Zeiss, Jena (photodiodes)
Keramische Werke Hermsdorf (semiconductor resistors)
Peltier Kuehlelemente ((pilot fabrication done at
II, Physikalisches Institut of Martin Luther University, Halle/Saale)
The following illUstrations are included in the descriptive text:
1, Silicon diodes OA 900 to 905
2. Prototype of a 200-A silicon element with cooling body
(Institut fuer Halbleitertechnik Teltow)
3. Selenium rectifier (Gleichrichterwerk Grossraeschen)
(6 pages)
Attachment 3:
The report discusses the status of measuring devices techniques
and new improved measuring devices. The following are illustrated
in the descriptive text:
1. Counter frequency measuring device 3506; counter sum printer
3503; broad band generator 2016 (Funkwerk Erfurt)
2. Frequency spectrometer F Sp 10 a. (Funkwerk Koepenick)
3. Dualoscilloscope OG 2-10 (Funkwerk Koepenick)
Discussed are also new decimeter measuring transmitters (Mess-Sender)
produced by Rafena-Werke Radeberg,
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Attachment 4:
The report offers_ information on tne production of electronic
tubes. It contains a list of tubes available for delivery and
a list of new tube developments. The following tubes listed:-..as
"special tubes" are illustrated in the descriptive text:
1. Mx Noise diode GA 560 (Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen)
50X1 -HUM
2. Rare gas thyratron S 1,3/30 dv
3. Relay tube with pure metal cathode Z 660 W for direct-current
4. Pure metal stabilizer tube St R 150/15
5. Electrometer tube Z 862 E
6. Decade counter tube Z 563 C
7. Signal indicator tube Z 561 M
8. Decade (decimeter) indicator tube Z 565 M
9. Transmitter tetrode SRS 456
10. Transmitter triode SRV 355
11. Reflex clystron HKR 902 (KR 90)
12. Continous-line magnetron (Dauerstrichmagnetron) HMD 241 (MD 3)
13. Impulse magnetron HMI 952 (2 J 55)
14. Traveling field tube HWE 402 (WE 3)
15. Traveling field tube HWL 412 (WL 21)
16. Coil focalizer for traveling field tube HWL 412
17. Traveling field tube HWL 221 (WL 1)
18. Superorthicon F 7,5 M2 for general use in studio and press cameras.
Distribution of Attachment:
OSI:
:
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EARLY 1963 STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT CF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN EAST GERMANY
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Attachment I
The scientific
industrial enterprise, VEB Schwingungstechnik
und
Akustik, in Dresden
produced
50X1
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a prototype of a new
vibration-measuring set, called the SMD 6
The SMD 3 vibration-measuring
set
from the previous year,
is 50X1
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now available for delivery.
The Technisch-Physikalische Werkstaetten Thalheim
brought out the following new or improved developments:
the E01/77 U service-pulse-oscillograph
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designed especially Tor
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pulsed operation; a new EO 1/130 "Uniskop" single-beam oscillograph
and a new "Duoskop" dual-beam oscillograph, the EO 2/131
A newly developed 3TG 1 transistorized power pack with 50X1-HUM
a high voltage constant is also of interest. The output voltage
(3 x 0.5 ... 15 volts AC) is adjustable in 8 stages. The new 4NG1 laboratory
power pack
is designed especially for providing tubes with
currentland supplies three independent adjustable DC voltages between
30 and 300 volts, and one continuously adjustable AC filament voltage
?
of 0 - 15 volts. The SO 86 F "Selektograf" oscillograph is also a new
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development; it has a built-in wobbler and is primarily intended for use
in television
The final TPW (Technisch,,Physikalische Werkstaetten) new development
is a complete strain-gauge installation (Fig 1) for the determination of
stress-strain distribution in structural parts and materials. The instal-
lation has very high sensitivity, provides direct-reading of strain values,
and is very easily switched.lrom one test piece to another. The 4 DU 3
switching devicel
provides the means of determining the
measurement results at 20 test sites or positions, one after the other,
either automatically or manually. The D 3, or 4 D 3, strain gauges
which are used with the installation, were exhibited as prototypes 50X1-HUM
last year.
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Fig 1. Complete Strain-Gauge Installation (TPW)
right: the 4 DU 3 switching device; left: the D 3 strain gauge
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TPW has also developed the DE 1 strain-gauge balancing network, which
is a strain-gauge resistance-balancing network which can produce. a definite
change of resistance. The instrument is required primarily when rather long
lengths of cable are encountered, in which rather considerable losses of
sensitivity occur. The balancing network can be reconnected to the resistance
values of the measuring strips in use at the time; it is designed as a
half-bridge circuit, and can be encorporated into a full bridge by adding
one cable.
Fig 2:- Roentgen-Gamma Dosimeter VA-J-15 (made by Vakutronik)
The VAKUTRONIK outfit now occupies two plants, the old parent plant
on Dornblueth Strasse in Dresden and the new factory in Pockau-Lengefeld,
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Which manufactures purely mechanical parts (such as plug-and-jack assemblj--\
50X1-HUM
A parallel type of the VA-J-51 improved vibrating-capacitor
electrometer
drift values:
zero displacement
zero displacement
was designed, which differs only in the
11
(at 10 ohms input impedance and
normal temperature): 0.5 mv/24 h;
(at operating temperature changes,
input impedance of 10" ohms; max
duration 48 hours): 0.12 mvideg.
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Fig-3. The ML/A2 Slotted Line for Matching and Impedance Measurements
by Magnitude and Phase, Attenuation and Wavelength Measurements
in the 3,200-12,400-megacycle Frequency Range. The slotted line
can also be used for measuring the dielectric constants and
loss angles of dielectrics (Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin-WF)
1 The Werk2fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin (WF) showed the RWG 4 square-
wave test oscillator and the WG 3 wobbulator in a new 50X1-HUM
housing but very slight change in circuitry.
One new development is the PDG 1 test oscillator with stepped fre-
quency adjustment, which went into production in February 1963. This is a
test oscillator with high frequency constant and accuracy within the
100-cycle to 30-megacycle range, with adjustment in 100-cycle steps.
Another new item is the TP 13 low-pass filter for 0.1 - 30 Mc
50X1-HUM
as is the KF 1 combination filter with a frequency50X1-HUM
range of 31.5 cycles to 31.5 kilocycles and a basic transmission loss of 50X1-HUM
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Fig 4. (WF)
PDG 1 Precision
Test Oscillator
0.6-- 0.8 neper in the passband, increasing up to 1.0 neper in the ease of
the fundamental frequencies.
Carl Zeiss, Jena showed the EF 4 "Electron-optical Device" (Fig-4)
as its most important and most interesting new development. This device
is designed primarily *for the physical examination of objects in electron-
optical enlargement up to 40,000x, resolution to 20 angstroms, and voltage
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up to 65 kilovolts. Large objects can.be imaged in 20-degree reflection
as well as by emission. Various methods of electron diffraction are pro-
vided.
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;
Tit
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Fig 5s The EF 4
Electron-Optical
Device (Zeiss)
? The new "Usomat" ultrasonic materials tester (Fig 6) is a
penetration-type instrument that operates continuously in the ultra-
sonic mode. Its main features are: 4?megacycle ultrasonic frequency,
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two probe heads on universal stand, exchangeable probes, effective
probe diameter 2-5 millimeters, probes extended pneumatically, triggering
of probe movement by electric contact, ultrasonic connedtion with film of
liquid or dry with plastic cap on probe. The test result is indicated by
a pointer dial and signalled by relay. The probe heads are connected to
the power supply by metal tubing; high-frequency generator, amplifier,
indicator, compressed-air system and power pack all contained in the
power supply unit.
Fig 6.
Ultrasonic Materials
Tester (Zeiss)
The Zeiss "Spekol" photoelectric spectral colorimeter (Fig 7) for
routine laboratory investigations is also new. It is a single-beam
instrument with meter indicating extinction (0-2) or transmission (0-100%)
in the wavelength range of 365-750 limano-meters, and uses a stabilized
incandescent 6-volt, 30-watt lamp or a type RQE 40 mercury-vapor lampr
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Fig 7. The Zeiss "Spekol" Photoelectric Spectral Colorimeter
The colorimeter contains one grating monochromator of high light
intensity, which, with a fixed slit setting in the given spectral range,
delivers monochromatic radiation of 14 nanometers half-value width.
Exchangeable test attachments for two C -cells (layer thickness 0.1 - 1.0 cm)
or test tube. The radiation receiver of the basic equipment is a photo-cell
with transistor amplifier. Area of application of the instrument being
expanded by attachments for turbidity-, fluorescence-, and re -emission -
measurements, as well as for titrations with photometric end point
determination.
The pH-recorder-controller (Fig 8) is also a new development with the
following specific properties: self-compensator with about one-kilocycle
chopper frequency 1 input impedance 1,000 megohms when uncompensated, and
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Fig 8.
The pH -Recorder -
Controller (Zeiss)
higher when uompensated; response sensitivity plus-minus one millivolt -
0.02 pH; indication accuracy one percent; adjustable for intersection of
isothermal lines of the measuring circuit and for electrode transconductance;
adjustable tolerance contact; double recording with 0-14 pH on 70-mm width
and 0-14 pH, in steps of 2 pH, on a 100-mm width; pulse regulator has 20-ma
current and 10 -kilohm load impedance; pulse length proportional to the
control deviation in range plus-minus 6 pH from nominal value with
2 sec/pH (adjustable); pulse spacing adjustable between 5 sec and 20 min,
nominal value adjustable between 0 and 14 pH.
The Messgeraetewerk Zwoenitz (ZwOnitz Test Instrument Factory) came to
Leipzig with a newly developed 8-channel loop-oscillograph, the 8 50-4.
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This device records eight different processes on a 12-cm tape.
Fifteen different types of measuring attachments are available for
accomodation to a great number of measurement processes. It incorporates
test loops for a high upper frequency limit, a coil vibrator with extremely
high sensitivity but low upper frequency limit, and power testing loops
which make possible a direct power recording. 50X1 -HUM
The piezoelectric tester PM-1 is, to be sure, not new, but has been
improved and partially transistorized.
Attachment 2
Semiconductors. (Transistors and Diodes)
The manufacture of semiconductor components in East Germany is
distributed as follows among the various plants:
semiconductor diodes: WF (Werk fuer Fernsehelektronik), Berlin;
zener power diodes:
junction rectifiers: Halbleiterwiderstaende, Frankfurt (Oder);
transistors:
photodiodes: Carl Zeiss, Jena;
semiconductor resistors: Keramische Werke, Hermsdorf;
Peltier cooling elements: 2d Physics Institute, Martin Luther
University, Halle (Saale)(pilot-
production at present).
This section discusses only the diodes and transistors.
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For the case of semiconductor diodes, and primarily for the case of
transistors, it cannot be said with any certainty what types are actually
new, what ones are in production, and which ones are in "permanent" develop-
ment. Even a comparison of the type list for this year with last year's
list does not reveal what types are acttally being manufactured in East
Germany. In Frankfurt there is no source of authentic information on the
present manufacturing of semiconductors. Even the instrument designers
are not completely clear about the actually available (not just offered for
sale) types and numbers. Even the employees of the Frankfurt semiconductor
factory know nothing about the schedule of types for delivery, since the
entire production program is continuously subject to change, even complete
reorganizations on short notice; the more one interrogates the "experts,"
the more contradictory are the statements on the production program. In
the semiconductor field in East Germany the same mad confusion and contra-
diction prevails as in years gone bye! And this confusion is mirrored in
the type lists.
Generally speaking, it can be said that neither the development nor the
manufacture of semiconductors has advanced one step forward during the year.
It is useless to attempt to differentiate between new developments,
laboratory production, prototypes and actual products in series production,
as long as every laboratory model appears in the type list as a new
development (but never goes into production), and as long as so many types
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appear on the lists, year after year, again and again, with the note,
"still in the development stage."
Only in the case of the series of germanium transistors for audio-
frequency and switching applications 0 types OC 815 to OC 829, can it be
said with some certainty that these are being manufactured in almost
sufficient quantities and that some are available "off the shelf" or with
only a short waiting period. But even with the power transistors rated
above four watts, only sporatic deliveries in completely insufficient
quantities can be expected. Conditions are even more unfavorable in the
case of deliveries of the high-frequency germanium types OC 871, 872 and
OC 880-883.
In the case of the majority of transistors there is the additional
uncertainty involved in the extraordinarily wide discrepancy in the ratings
and operational parameters. Types needed for more sensitive circuits and
those with higher requirements must still be sorted out of a great number of
transistors, a very expensive procedure that is out of the question for
private concerns and possible for the VEBIs only on a very limited scale.
Whereas, aside from microminiaturization, the trend in world-wide
development of tranistors is more and more toward planar and epitaxial
technologies, ,Frankfurt has not begun to follow this trend with any
competence, but continues to stick with the simplest manufacturing methods.
This means that the status of semiconductor development in East Germany
is dropping farther and farther behind the world standard. It is extremely
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doubtful that East Germany will ever be in a position to close the gap in
transistor development, since progress in the Western World is so rapid.
If East Germany intends to remain competetive to any extent on the world
markets, she will never be able to supply her own transistor needs from
her low-quality production, but will have to rely on imports.
The production situation is somewhat better at Werk fuer Fernsehelektronik
(Television-Electronics Works), which, however, involves only germanium and
silicon semiconductor diodes. The production of model 2 of the diode series
OA 601-605 began (in large numbers) in December 1962, following completion of
development work in the fall of 1962.
The silicon diode series OA 900-905 (Fig 1) is just now in the stage of
transition into series production, whereas the 250 -mw Silicon Zener diodes
ZA 25p/5 - 250/9 have been in continuous production since the first of this
year.
Industrial Semiconductor-Rectifiers
As a development of the Teltow Institute for Semiconductor Engineering,(IHT),
an incomplete series of heavy-current silicon rectifier cells, the largest
being a 200-A cell (Fig 2) intended for later use in electrolysis plants
and in locomotives, was exhibited at Leipzig. Series production, however,
is not yet in the forseeable future; East Germany is still importing such
heavy-current silicon rectifiers from Czechoslovakia.
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?????????*...'
;..
.A."2"91,04,,Cr."4"."4"4ellofttl.W."..???????ppoir?rer.nrfple?.T.....,"..."
-Fig 1. Silicon Diode of the Series OA 900-905
Fig 2. Prototype of a 200-A Silicon Cell With Cooling Element (IHT)
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Controlled silicon rectifier cells, the so-called "thyristors,"
the development of which an be considered complete in the West, are not
yet even in the beginning stages of development in East Germany.
The Grossraeschen Rectifier Works, East Germany's special plant for
selenium rectifiers, exhibited as a new development two types of
high-voltage rectifier tubes for 500 and 1,000 volts and 0.25 milliamp
rated current, and a 14 x 15 x 4 mm hearing-aid rectifier KG 60 in cast
resin. The new type GF junction rectifiers; 250 voltseff and 40-120
milliamps --are likewise in cast resin, and the new miniature high-voltage
selenium rectifier is in a cast resin housing 32 x 12 x 12 mm, and designed
for 1,000 veff, 400 volts DC and 15 ma (Fig 3).
d ,.41 -''''''.4; ''.4
it ' I l ' A
i '
ff .11 / 1
Selenium rectifier '
for TV sets
V Y;rfei .11/ d
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Graetz-circuit '-
selenium rectifier --Is.
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1
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ti;41.1
(Miniature high-voltage rectifier n cast reglri,;.9.
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Fig 3. Selenium Rectifiers
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Attachment 3
Electronic Measuring Instruments
1. Status of East Germany
In conventional test instruments East Germany is up to the West, but
as soon as special instruments become involved, the gap between East Germany
and West Germany widens, and often an outright copy of a Western design of a
special instrument is encountered, which, however, generally lacks the final
technological finesse of the original. The development of digital measurement
techniques, concentrated mostly at Funkwerk Erfurt, has progressed considerably
since the spring of 1962, and good results have been obtained. However, the
technique in East German involves primarily only relatively simple measurement
problems; for example, digital voltmeters and ohmmeters have not yet been
fully developed, and instruments with digital indicator tubes are still lacking.
Another thing completely lacking in East Germany is the completely automatic
testing or measuring assembly for incorportation into production lines and
for checking finished products.
Transistorization of test instruments is progressing, but is limited
generally to circuits for low-and intermediate-frequency ranges. High-
frequency circuits must, for the most part, rely on vacuum tubes (made in
East Germany) or, if transistorization is absolutely necessary, on imported
50X1 -HUM
high-frequency transistors
Printed circuits are in general use in test instruments, the basic
materials being, for the most part, laminates, rarely epoxy resins or
glass fiber materials. SOMB of the high-quality instruments have components
-17-
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incorporating ceramic boards with silver conductors.
In the arrangement of components and subassemblies, more and more
attention is being paid to easy accessibility on all sides. Most of the
connections are soldered; the use of plug boards is very rare.
The electrical and mechanical properties of the test instruments are
very good. All important components are over-designed with respect to
loads and ruggedness, so that the instruments are stable, reliable, and
last a long time.,
The weak point in East German test instrument activities is still the
matter of delivery. Only a very few types are available "off the shelf,"
most types being produced in very limited series, or even individually,
with very long waiting times for delivery.
The prices on the export lists are about on a level with those of the
West, but in most cases the prices are reduced, sometimes drastically, in
order to make the sales.
Besides the VEB's, some half-nationalized companies and production
cooperatives are engaged in the manufacture of electrical and electronic
measuring instrunents. The responsibility for the development and production
of test instruments is centered in the VVB "Nachrichten- und Messtechnik"
(Communications- and Test Engineering); coordination of development and
manufacture is handled. by the Technical Group for Test Engineering (Fachgruppe
Messtechnik) within the above VVB, and by the Central Working Group C 56 for
"Electrical Measurement- and Test-Engineering."
l8.-
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2. New and Improved Test Instruments
Funkwerk Dresden exhibited a new frequency indicator, the FZ 201. It
provides frequency measurements in the 50-1,650-kilocycle range, thereby
extending the range of direct-indicating frequency meters into the carrier-
frequency range. The instrument operates on the frequency-conversion
principle. By conversion of individual auxiliary frequencies, the modulation
product is shifted together with the tested frequency in the 50-150-kilocycle
range and directly indicated by means of a frequency meter which operates on
the principle of capacitor charging. A control rectifier is hooked up in
front of the test circuit in order to provide a high input impedance and
high sensitivity. The auxiliary frequencies are derived from the frequency
of a 100-kilocycle quartz oscillator, which also serves as a reference
frequency for calibrating the instrument.
Funkwerk Erfurt has developed several new test instruments including
?the 11S-10-5-2 calibration-mark oscillator, which is used to produce nine
quartz-stabilized pulse trains, two of which can, at any time, be removed
from the instrument at the same time and with adjustable frequency ratio.
Both pulse trains can be adjusted independently in stages_and have the same
insertion point with respect to time. The instrument can be used as a
trigger oscillator and calibration oscillator at the same time.
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The 2039 AM -FM -VM test oscillator (4.5 - 300 megacycles) and the
3014 absorption-frequency meter (succeeding type 182) are new developments.
The 1023 Q -meter and the 2016 and 2020 wide-band oscillators are improved
designs. Type 2016 is a table model (Fig 1) and the 2020 is designed as
a slide-in subassembly for the video tester manufactured by Funkwerk Koepenick.
In the digital counter series the new instruments are the 3504 direct
counter with preset and the 0102 10-megacycle decade counter. The latter
is used as an input decade for very fast counters (up to 10,000,000 events
per second), is designed as a double decade and contains the one-megacycle
decade in addition to the 10-megacycle decade; indication is by 2 x 10
numbered lamps.
The 8131 one-megacycle pulse shaper is the final newly developed
instrument at Funkwerk Erfurt.
.3 g?.":?,?"--rv ?
?
-Fig 1.
'
\
_
00
09
,J)
ft q
8
0
NiSr,:j I'. ? 116
? 46 e- -
.11114 ?t_eil.:,......liZrorgrrp,vrim,...1
? 7"--
3503 scaler-Printer with electronic converter (left); digital fre-
quency meter 3506 (center); and 2016 wide-band oscillator (right)
(Funkwerk Erfurt)
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The F Sp 10 a freouency spectrometer (Fig 2), an improved version of
the F Sp 10, was developed by Funkwerk Koepenick and is to be built later
by Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin; it is used to analyze mixed frequencies
in the audio range. Depending on the cabinet rack used, the mixed frequency
is fed to 24 or 36 parallel-connected individual filters, the outputs of
which are swept by a motor switch, and the frequency spectrum is indicated
by an oscilloscope. The frequency range is 4cps to 2 kc or 40 cps to 20 kc
(depending on the cabinet rack used), with four filters per octave. The
instrument operates on the principle of multi-channel filtering; the
analysis takes about 50 milliseconds.
? ?????????=7 r .771 ?
??????????
- (:. 0 ) '
?
1
IN ...... ? rr r
i
- --is ;
I , .......... .... 4,,,,,?,??? r ..,,,4 ....... e.
or- ?
?..Ia`?
i .. 1......7? ?1
..........,,
? u
......"-v-r=??:..""-.............:_4
- N.,,,,,,s,--- ? ---- -------....?.1.?.,?"?,...;,. -.
-,....___,..._ .12..7..)? ..____ ?
a
. _?,
*h......e?
- Nr.
r.
46111.??????????......*Art0:11...0.1.0.0...mitaboimia01?00.4.06.10.1.04.60....d
-Fig 2. F Sp 10a Frequency Spectrometer. (left: filter assembly;
center: indicator oscilloscope; right: motor switch)
(Funkwerk Koepenick)
-21-
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zunzl / NU runEaua uloamm
The OG 2-10 dual oscilloscope was developed by Funkwerk Koepenick and
is now being manufactured by Werk fuer Fernmeldewesen Berlin. It is a
two-channel pulse oscilloscope with a two-channel electron switch and
can be used for several purposes through the choice of several plug-in
attachments. Two different square-wave oscillators, one marker oscillator
and one delay oscillator can also be plugged-in (Fig 3).
? Pig 3. OG 2-10 Oscilloscope. At right and left are 4 additional
plug-in attachments (Funkwerk Koepenick)
The oscilloscope operates in the 2 x 0-30 megacycle range and has a 10-cm
tube which is controlled by an x-axis amplifier and sweep generator in the
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horizontal direction and in the vertical direction by a y-axis amplifier,
which is switched from one preamplifier to the other by an electronic
switch periodically, so that both test signals are displayed on the screen.
The bandwidth is 0-30 megacycles, the deflection factor 50 millivolts per
centimeter.
The Rafena -Werke Radeber g exhibited two new test oscillators and one
new test receiver for the decimeter-wave range. The DMS 524 test transmitter
is used for the 1,540 - 2,720-megacycle range as a power- and sensitivity-
testing oscillator for impedance and impedance-matching measurements in
vhf components, lines and antennas, for attenuation measurements in filters
with sharp cutoff, for Q-measurements in resonant circuits, and for sensitivity
measurements in receivers. Both continuous and pulse (1,000-cps square-pulse)
operation are possible. A voltage meter, a waveguide voltage divider with
digital indication in volts and decibels, as well as a temperature-compensated
frequency meter with digital thousands-indications and a fine scale with
built-in projection lens are all included in the transmitter. The output
voltage is from 2.5 microvolts to 2.5 volts at 60 ohms; modulation 11.?
1,000 cps/square.
The DNS 542 B decimeter test oscillator (transmitter) has the same
electrical properties and data., but is designed for a frequency range of
860 - 1,620 megacycles.
Thellikewise new, DME 492 A decimeter test receiver uses a frequency
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OLUAtT / NU 100H1GV DISSEM
range of 1,470 ? 2,750 megacycles and has a sensitivity limit of 50 kTo.
Attachment 4 TUBES
Receiver tubes. The current program for series produced tubes from the
East German tube factories is given in the new handbook, Empfaengerroehren
(Receiver Tubes), 1963 edition. Tubes for replacement only are now being
produced in small series only as special manufacturing series that take up
to a year for delivery ! For example, these include the following:
DC 760 DF 668 EF 761 DM 70 EM 83.
DC 762 DF 669 DM 71
The following types are new developments:
available in large numbers off the shelf: E 88 CC
EA 766
ECC 88
ECC 813
EC 865
EF 183
EF 184
EF 806 S
EYY 13
PC 88
PCC 88
development completed, but available
only as laboratory models in small
numbers with long waiting period for delivery: EA 960 EH 960
EA 961 EL 862
EA 962 ECC 863
development not yet completed: EC 866
? 24 ?
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are
As far as quality is concerned, the tubes/completely satisfactory;
their rates of failure are only a little higher than comparable Western
types. As far as the status of development is concerned, however, the
entire East German tube program lags the West by about a year and a half.
In the opinion of East German tube specialists, this gap might well increase
in the future, because the time between the completion of development and
initiation of series production is much too long up to two years and
more in some cases. The development of tubes in the West, however, is so
rapid and requires such a short period of lag time up to series production,
which will never be equalled in East Germany because of the required
preplanning (otherwise no material is available).
Special Tubes
In this area there are a very few actual new developments, thus the
lack of anew edition of "Special Tubes" (handbook) this year. The remarks
made previously concerning quality and rate of development apply here also,
.indeed for all tubes. East Germany isnfalling behind the world standard
particularly in the case of microwave tubes. Even though the East German
tube factories showed quite some progress during the past year, this progress
was in the areas of manufacturing tubes in greater numbers, reducing the
deviations of rated values of individual types, and improving the operational
stability of tubes, but did not involve any progress toward higher frequency
ranges.
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S E.0 R E T / NO FOREIGN =saw.
The GA 560 noise diode (Fig 1) developed for measurements of receiver
sensitivity in the range of 0-75 kTo -units has the following ratings:
heater voltage: 2.2 - 2.8 volts
diode current: not over 2.15 amp
diode/cathode insulation current: not over 10 microamp.
0
? Fig 1. GA 560 noise diode
(WF)
_ The new inert-gas thyratron S 1.3/30 dV (Fig 2) is intended primarily
for igniting ignitron tubes and for continuous rpm-control of electrical
machines; it has the following ratings:
heater voltage:
heater current:
plate ignition voltage
(at zero grid-bias volts):
2.5 volts
9 amp
60 volts
plate blocking voltage: 1,300 volts
(peak)
max controlled plate voltage: 1,000 volts
max cathode current (peak): 30 amp
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All other new tubes are cold-cathode
tubes. These include the pure-metal relay
tube with inert-gas filling Z 660 TAT (Fig 3)
for DC operation, with the following
ratings:
plate ignition voltage: 320 volts
starter ignition " : 140 volts
plate operating tt 115 volts
plate current: 5 milliamp
Fig 3. Relay tube
with pure-metal
cathode (Z 660 14)
for DC-voltage
Operation
- 27 -
Fig. 2. The S 1.3/30 dV
inert-gas
thyratron
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The StR 150/15 Langle-sectiog stabilizer tube (Fig 4) is also new and
has the following ratings:
Fig-4. StR 150/15
pure-metal stabilizer tube
t
operating voltage:
ignition voltage: not over
shunt current:
shunt current:
150 volts
180 volts
15 milliamp (max)
5 " (min)
The Z 862 E (Fig 5) electrometer tube for
DO-voltage operation is likewise new and
has the following ratings:
plate ignition voltage: 310 volts
(Ust = 30 volts)
starter ignition voltage: 140 volts
(Ua = 0 volts)
available voltage:
operating voltage:
plate current:
Fig 5.
220 volts
108 volts
10 - 15 milliamp
Z 862 E Electrometer Tube
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In digital test and control engineerim, which is gaining more and more
ground in East Germany, there are some cold-cathode tubes available. The
Werk fuer Fernsehelektronik (WF) exhibited an inert-gas-filled decade counter
tube, the Z 563 C (Fig 6), which is being produced at present only in small
series. It is a reversible counter tube and has the following ratings:
Fig 6. Z 563.0 Decade
Counter Tube
ignition voltage: 300 volts
operating voltage:
(1 = 300 microamps)
max interelectrode voltage:
(or line voltage)
plate current:
max counting rate:
190 volts
450 volts
350 microamps
4 kilocycles
Pressler (Deutsche Glimmlampen -Gesellschaft,
Leipzig) likewise appeared with two new decade
counter tubes (still without designation of
type) with similar ratings and circular indi-
cation. In one type all ten cathode leads
were brought out separately, whereas the second
type has outside leads for the fifth and tenth
pulses only. A third Pressler (DGG) counter
tube being built is a miniature counter tube for front read-off, with only
one anode, one cathode and one starter(ignition) anode. The characteristics
of this interesting tube are:
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ignition voltage:
plate voltage,max:
optimum operating
range:
150-200 volts
225 volts
150-200 volts
length: 40 mm
diameter: 10 mm
ignition current:
reactive current,
max, (continuous
operation:)
reactive current,
max, (pulse oper-
ation):
2 microamps
5 milliamps
15 milliamps
WF showed two inert-gas-filled cold-cathode signal-indicator tubel,
the Z 561 M (Fig 7) and the Z 565 M (Fig 8), both of which have pure-metal
cathodes and are designed for front read-off. The most important data for
these tubes are:
Fig S. Z 565 M,?!cade
Counter Tube
7. Z 561 M
Signal-Indicator Tube
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plate ignition voltage:
operating voltage:
extinction voltage:
cathode current:
3. Transmitter Tubes
Z 561 M Z 565 M
140 volts
125 volts
140 volts
min 100 volts
2 mdlliamps. 0.1 milliamp
Some of the transmitter -tlibe types propagandized this year as new items
were exhibited last year as prototypes or laboratory models. However, all
of the types described below are supposed to go into series production (in
small numbers, to be sure) this year. In the case of tubes for microwave
frequencies, particularly in the case of traveling-wave tubes, the expected
service life is still much too short, particularly in pulsed operation in
which about 80 percent of the tubes have a service life of only 30-40 hours.
The SRS 456 (Fig 9) transmitter tetrode with thoriated tungsten cathode
is a genuine new development. The tube produces an output power of some
850 watts at 110 megacycles and is designed for oscillators and radio-frequency
and audio-frequency amplifier stages
The SRV 355 (Fig 10) transmitter triode was completely developed as early
as the spring of 1961, but was not available in large numbers until the
beginning of 1963. This triode is designed especially for short-wave trans-
mitters and industrial oscillatorsdadd produces a net power of 75 kilowatts
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50X1-HUM
at an operating frequency of 30 megacycles and an anode voltae of 10 kilovolts.
-I%
?
Fig 9. SRS 456 Transmitter -Fig 10. SRV 355 Transmitter
Tetrode
? 32
SECRET / NO FL/REIGN DISSEM
Triode
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The HKR 902 (KR 90) reflex klystron (Fig 11) was also announced in 1962;
it is intended for transmitter-, receiver-, and test oscillators with average
output power of 65 milliwatts and operates in the 8,500 - 9,600-megacycle
range.
F 1 Fig 11. HKR 902 (KR 90)
A
Reflex Klystron
The two new magnetron types are the result of a development which has
now lasted three years. The HMD 241 (MD 3) continuous-wave magnetron (Fig 12)
is designed for dielectric heating devices and has an average output power
of two kilowatts at 2,400 megacycles. The HMI 952 (2 J 55) pulse magnetron
(Fig 13) a metal, multichamber type, is designed as an oscillator tube in
radar sets and is about to be manufactured in small series on a laboratory
scale. Data given so far include:
fixed frequency in the range:
pulse duration:
pulse repetition-rate:
pulse output power:
- 33 -
9,345 - 9,405 megacycles
1 microsec
1 kilocycle
45 kilowatts
ECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM
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Fig 12. HMD 241 (MD 3)
Continuous-Wave Magnetron
I i
."1-. ,.......,.. .,
.,-.......,..,.., rq'. , ,.
di. '-......-. .4',......41:-.....i. 1.'11-..? - -.1. .
,..,..
.. t ? ? . '. I I t--7.--.7 ?-.:i SI 4
... -
-
?
- 34 -
Fig 13. HMI 952 (2 J 55)
Pulse Magnetron
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The following three traveling-wave tubes are also, at present, being
manufactured only on a laboratory scale in small series, which means as
special manufacture with very long waiting time for delivery. The
HUE 402 (WE 3) type (Fig 14) is designed for use as an amplifier tube for
frequency conversion through phase modulation. The tube operates in the
3,300 47 4,200 megacycle range, achieves an amplification of about ;* 45 decibels
and an average output power of approximately 200 milliwatts.
Fig 14. HWE 402 (WE 3) Traveling-Wave Tube
The HWL 412 (WL 21) output-amplifier traveling-wave tube has an output
power of about 10 watts at an amplification of >45 decibels in the frequency
range of 3,300 - 4,200 megacycles. It is shown in Figure 15.
The SF 21 focussing coil developed for it, for producing a steady
magnetic field, is shown in Figure 16. The HWL 221 (WL l) is also a power
amplifier and produces 15 watts at a 40 -decible amplification in the frequency
range of 1,500 - 2,500 megacyles.
- 35 -
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SECRET / NO FOREIGN DI SSFZ1
?ot
4,,er
;rze " 4:?",
,3441 , ? MM
Fig 15. HWL 412 (WL 12) Traveling-Wave Tube
-Fig 16. Focussing Coil for the HWL 412 Traveling-Wave Tube
- 36 -
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?
1111(//,4;:ts,:*/-tiz/.7''''
?
Fig 17. HWI., 221 (WI, 1)
Traveling-Wave Tube
All the above transmitter tubes are being built at Werk fuer Fernsehteehnik
where they. wereaelso developed.
The Roehrenwerk.Rudolstadt is offering two new miniature transmitter tubes
with radiation cooling; they are an indirectly heated 200 -W-tetrode (SRS 461)
for a 30-megacycle limiting frequency and a 300-.W-triode (SRS 361) with
direct-heated, thoriated tungsten cathode for a 200-megacycle limit. The
first of the two represents a genuine new development; the SRS 361 triode
appeared last year as a prototype. The tetrode was designed primarily for
use in small ship transmitters, and the triode for welding and electromedical
equipment.
- 37 -
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t; It E '12 / NO FOREICE DISSEM
4. Oscilloscope Tubes and Image Tubes
In the area,of cathode-ray tubes, development in the SBZ (East Germany)
seems to be stagnated. Even the urgently needed radar display tubes announced
more than two years ago have not yet appeared. In the oscilloscope tube
program,three supplementary types have appeared as products of Funkwerk Erfurt.
These are the single-beam tube (B 7 S 3) with a 78-mm flat scope, and the
B 13 S 7 wide-band type with metal-backed 133-mm flat scope.
No new developments have been forthcoming in TV picture tubes. One
AW 59-90 is said to be in the last stage of development, but its series
production is not yet in sight. The Bildroehrenwerk Oberschoeneueide is
still having technological difficulties in producing 43- and 53-cm picture
tubes. The production rejects are still way above average.
Only in individual isolated cases were complaints of poor quality of
picture tubes encountered; on the other hand, all consumers spontaneously
complained of sporatic deliveries. The picture-tube production at Ober -
schoeneweide is just about enough to satisfy the needs for the TV-set
production on a day-to-day basis, but there are no picture tubes available
as replacements.
5. X-ray and Rectifier Tubes
No new tubes of these types have appeared. The manufacturing program of
Roehrenfabrik Rudolstadt is continuing without change.
- 38 -
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6. Photoelectric Tubes
WF has developed a superorthicon (F 7.5 M2)(Fig 18) with magnetic
focussing, magnetic deflection and magnetic beam shifting. With a voltage
of 1,550 - 1,650 volts applied to the SEV -anode, a resolution of 600 lines
in the center of the image and 400 lines on the fringe is attained at 35?C.
(4.7
-
? 102.,:"
I 4.4
'Fig 18. F 7.5 M2 Superorthicon for
universal use in studio and
reportage cameras
Carl Zeiss, Jena exhibited several new
photoelectric multiplier tubes, which are des-
cribed below.
The M 10 FS 25 miniature photomultiplier is
designed for photometry and scintillation techniques,
contains a front and side window and has a cathode
diameter of 25 millimeters, and 10 multiplier stages.
The sensitivity lies between 335 and 700 nanometers.
The K 14 FS 50 multiplier is a special type
for scintillation and high-speed measurements, has
a 50-millimeter cathode diameter and 14 multiplier
stages; sensitivity likewise 335 - 700 nanometers.
The following five types of photomultipliers
were developed for the international standard sonde.
They differ in cathode diameter, which is indicated
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by the last number in the designation (in millimeters), and by the guaranteed
maximum amplitude deviation for gamma radiation 661 key in Nal, namely, less
than 8% in the S 12 FS 35, less than 9% in the S 12 FS 50, less than 9% in
the S 12 FS 60, less than 10% in the S 12 FS 100 photomultiplier, and less
than 11 % in the M 12 FS 50.
50X1-HUM
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