THE KOREAN LABOR PARTY AND THE KIM IL-SONG REGIME--HISTORY OF PARTY FROM 1925 TO DATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 104
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 5, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

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49
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United Statea within the meaning of the TAM?
18, DAC. Sees. 793 and 794. the tmnzailasion or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorised person IS D
50X1-HUM
Jen". nue 50X1 -HUM
Wad by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY
North Korea
REPORT
SUBJECT
The Korean Labor Party and the KIM
DATE DISTR.
October 1962
50X1-HUM
rIt:ssr::1/4Riegic; .1 pro 14
NO. PAGES 81 OCT1962
iclaY da
REFERENCES RD
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS IlDSVAL HAND INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT ic TENTATIVE
50X1-HUM
"The Korean Tabor
Party and the KIM Il-song Regime"
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Distribution of Attachment:
50X1-HUM
State (one copy for retention)
CCI (one COW for retention)
5
4
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NO FOREIGN DISSEM
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GROUP 1
RXCLUDZD MOM AUTOMATIC)
DOWNGRADING AND
DNCLANSDROATION
STATE
X ARMY
I x I NAVY
AIR NSA
Ix
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OCR
X
DIA X AID
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field
dtribution by "it")
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KORLAN Ltil8ildA44.4THE KIM IL-SONG REGIRE
Table of Contents (TN; Changed to conform with the tart.
I. Pre-Liberation Period
A. From 'bonding Of Korean Communiet Party Until It. Dissolution
(1925-1929)
1. Tuesday Faction
2. Merxiot-Leninist Faction
3. Seoul-Shanghai notion
50X1-HUM
CL
B. Party Reconstruction Period (1910-19145;
1. Seoul Communist Grfoo (1939.
2. Other Groups
a. Ti Chong-&r
b. So Chung-ook .
c. Chsongju Pno. ive , xr-ap
3) Overseas Faction
a.
b.
C.
II. Conditions
and Era of
tan IlosonrChlos 14s-en (Sc:mr. -trachoma)
Chios Tong-gun Group (North :::..schurift)
Independence Alliance Group (Yon-?n Faction)
in North and South Korea Immediately After Liberation
P-. n. le* sag Hegemony (15 August 1945 - November 1946)
A. South .ately After re Liberation
1. Korc. 2 .ist Party 'rat Hon-flag)
2. Korc.r. .1..a's Party (Yo On-hyong)
3. South Km .n Special Committee of the New Democratic Party
(Indepenocace Alliance)
a. People's Party Line
b. New Democratic Party Line
mediately
B. North Korea/After the Liberatisn
1. Korth Korean Branch, Kora), :ommunist Party
2. New Democratic Party (Indetandenes Alliance)
"SI
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III. Beginning of Shift to Kim Il-song Hegemony (August 1946-August 1948)
A. Astabliehment of the North Korean Labor Party
B. Establishment of the Korean Labor Party
C. Congress Faction - Social Labor Party
D. Working People's Party
IV. Era of Kim Il-aong-..Pak Hon -yong Struggle for Power
A. Founding of Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Kim II-song's
Assuntion of Premiership
B. Merger of North and South Korean Labor Parties and Kim fl-song's
Assumption of Chairmanship
C. From Struggle for Hegemony to Outbreak of Korean War
De Failure of War and the Questicn of Responsibility
E. Purge of Pak Hon -yong and Ti Sung -yop
F. Anti-Kim Ilsong Movement by Deputy Premier Ho Ka-1
V. Strengthening of Kim Il-song's Dictatorship and Resistance by the
People of North Korea
A.Influence at the 20th CPSU Congress and Criticism of Stalin
B. Third Korean Labor Party Congress
C. Kim fl-song's Unsuccessful. Trip Abroad
D. Joint Movement by Ch'oe Chiang-1k and Pak Chiang sok Groupe to
Overthrow Kim fl-song
E. Second Supreme People's Assembly Election
F. Successive Occurrences of Anti-Kim fl-song Movements and Their
Increased Suppression
VI. Conclusions
Ate USSR's Soft Policy and Kim 11-song's Dilemma
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B. Leaders Purged by Kim Il-eong
C. Top Leadership of the Kim Il-song Lineage
1. Pak Ch)ong-se
2.. Kim Il
3. Pak Kum -ch'ol
4. Kim crommg-mmm
5. Pak Song-ch'ol
6. Han So-3a
SECZ_A-
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THE KOREAS LABOR PARTY AIM THE KIM IL-CONG RECIE
I. PRE-LIBERATION PERIOD
A. From Founding of Korean Communiet Party Until Its Dissolution
(1925-1929)
The Communist system of government with much political power,
which came into being after the successful Communist revolution of 1917
in Russia, has had a far-reaching influence. In the 1920's, communist
parties were organized successively in China, Japan and elsewhere. It
was inevitable that the influence reached Korea. However, the Korean
laboring class of that time was not yet matured enough to be able to
form its own political party. With the exception of its railroads,
Korea in the 1920's had not developed modern industry. Nevertheless,
as early as 1 March 1919, when a nation-wide anti-imperialist, people's
liberation movement was conducted, the Korean masses felt the need for
having their own political party in one form or another.
The Japanese Government General in Korea at that time suppressed
completely such a desire on the part of the Korean masses. As a result,
only a handful of progressive workers and nationalists began to study
some of the Communist theories. On 17 April 1925, the Korean Communist
Party, the first political party in Korea, was organized illegally by
these people in alliance with the radical elements of the intelligensia.
The striking difference between the Communist party in Korea and those
of other countries is that in the latter, the Communist parties are
formed as opposition to capitalistic liberal party already in existence,
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while in KoreU it was just the uppm.ite -- the ComTzunist Party was formed
1 0 ?
as a national party to counter the foreign oppression and not as an op-
position party of a capitalist political party.
Stuirdi
Under these historical conditions, the Korean Communist Party
gained a strong support not only from the laboring class but also from
the peasantry, intelligensia, and the petite bourgeoisie. One of the
many reasons why the leading clique of the present-day Korean Labor
Party, led by Kim Il-song,continues to exist despite the repeated and
irretrievable failures, is that the party has built up a firm confidence
among the Korean masses as a national party. However, because of the
heterogenous nature of its meMbership and the constant oppression by
the authorities, the Korean Communist Party at the time of its founding
was split up into small groups and strong sectarianism was evident within
the party. There were the so-called Tuesday, Marxist-Leninist, Shanghai,
and the Seoul factions. In 1929, the Comintern rejected this Communist
party as a branch because of the bitter factional strife within the party.
During the four years in which the Korean Communist Party existed, it
recorded only one success When on 10 June 1926 at the time of the funeral
for King Sun Chong, the last ruler of the Ti Dynasty, the party organized
a masa struggle, which came to be known as the 10 June Manse Movement.
1. Tuesday Faction (Pak Hon-yongadominated by South Korean and
Domestic factions)
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? When the Communist Party was organized for the first time on
17 April 1925, it was a group centered around the Tuesday Faction. The
Tueuday Association was the name of a study croup devoted to the Com- usual
=list theory before the establishment of a Communist party. The most
-
famous names within the Tuesday Faction were Pak Hen-yong and Kwon 0-sol.
At that time, Pak HOn-yong, who was a senior student at the
Seoul First Higher School, used his own home as a safehouse and par-
ticipated in the positive organization of the Party, and at the same
time organized the Communist youth league and became its leader.
Ti Sung-yop, who did not join the Tuesday Faction officially,
nevertheless joined the [Communisti PartY as the youngest member while
he was still a student at the Inchon Commercial School. In November 1925,
Pak Hon-yong was arrested by the police in Sinuiju while he wad on his
way back to Korea from Shanghai. As a result, he was unable to partici-
pate in the 10 June Manse Movement.
The 10 June Mansehbvement was actually directed by Kwon 0-sol,
Who vas then the leader of the Communist youth league. Kwon 0-sol was
forced to go underground as a result of this incident, but was finally
arrested and died in prison. Around that time, Kwon 0-jik, the younger
brother of Kvon 0-sol, was among the first students to be sent abroad
to attend the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the
USSR at the recommendation of the Korean Communist Party. Immediately
upon his release from the Taejon Prison at the time of the national
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Pak's right-hand man, and organized and assumed chairmanship of the
Communist youth league as well as the editorship of the Communist Party
organ. In May 1946, he fled to North Korea to escape arrest by the US50)
Military Government in connection with the incident involving the pring- r
ing of counterfeit notes at the Communist Party Headquarters printing
shop. In North Korea, hei became al.sistant editor of Nodong Sinmun,
but was forced to resign from this post for writing an article in which
he referred to Kim Ll-sOng as a "youthful general." Since the propaganda
efforts at that time by the Kim Il-song faction were concentrated in
building him up as "the clear-sighted leader of the Korean people,"
KVon 0-jik provoked Kim Il-song. As a matter of fact, Kwon 0-jik's
fate then was already doomed for a purge by Kim Il-song. Fortunately
for him, Kwon 0-Jilt escaped more severe punishment since his party
affiliation was with the South Korean(Laboi Party (it took place prior
b.
to the merger).
Since Pak Eon-yang was still in good grace then)Kwon 0-jik
continued his activity in Haeju along the 38th parallel as head liaison
man for the South Korean Labor Party. In 1948, when the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea was established in P'yongyang, and Pak Ron-
yang became a Vice Premier and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kwon
0-jik was appointed Ambassador to Hungary and subsequently to Peiping.
In 1953, when Pak Eon-yang was purged, Kwon 0-jik was recalled at once
and arrested by Kim Il-song. Today he is engaged in forced labor at a
coal nine somewhere.
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Cho Ii-nsonci, who had been active as. a student at the Yonhui
,
Technical School under the direction of Kwon 0-sol at the time of the
10 June Manse Movement, was that to death along with Yi Sung-yop as an
American spy at the time of the Pak Hon-yong purge. Thus, the top
cadres of the Tuesday Faction were completely eliminated by Kim II-song.
The only member of this group who survived was Hong Chung-sik,
SEURE1
who betrayed both the Tuesday Faction and Pak Hon-yong. He is now
serving as secretary general of the United Democratic Fatherland Front.
He is well known in South Korea and has many acquaintances among the
contemporary political figures in South Korea. For this reason, Kim
II-song is using him in this field. Hong Chung-sik, who was the director
of the Awards Bureau of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's
Assembly during the Korean War, abandoned all the medals and ribbons
in his custody and fled during the retreat at the time of the UN counter-
offensive, thus provoking Pak Hon-yong, who demoted him to a member of a
consumers cooperative in Chinnampso (Namplo). Subsequently, however, when
Kim Il-song arrested Pak Hon-yong and held a session to impeach him,
Hong Chung-sik volunteered to stand as a witness against Pak Hon-yang,
criticizing him severely while most of the meMbers of the Central Com-
mittee of the South Korean Labor Party whol,demanded by Kim II-song to
do so, hesitated. In reward for this deed and for pledging allegiance
to Kim Il-song, he was appointed as deputy secretary general of the United
Democratic Fatherland Front and subsequently became secretary general
when Kim Chang-jun vacated that post and was promoted to chairman of
the Board.
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The colleting is a lit of individuals noterfor their activitiec
with the Tuesday Faction niter the liberation:
Jr
Lt.
a. Pak lion-yon, head of the Korean Communist Party; vice
chairman of the Korean Labor Party; Deputy Premier and Minister of
Foreign Affairs; shot to death.
b. Ii Sung-yop, member of the Presidium of the Korean
Labor Party; Minister of Justice; Minister of Inspection; shot to death.
c. Cho Il-myong, Deputy Minister of Culture and Propaganda;
shot to death.
d. Ii Chu-ha, South Korean Labor Party; Pak Hon-yong's
representative at one time; shot to death by Syngman 'thee.
e. Mu Chong, artillery commander of the Chinese Communist
Army; commander of the Korean Volunteer Army in Yen-an; commander of the
Second Army Corps of the Korean People's Army; dismissed and imprisoned
by Kim Il-song and died in prison.
f. Kwon 0-jik, Ambassador's Peiping; now serving at forced
Labor in a coal mine.
g. Hong Chung-aik, publisher of Choson Inmin; director of
of the Avards Bureau of the Standing Committee of the SuPreme People's
Assembly during the "Seoul Era" Diemen Har]; defected to the Kim Il-
song side and became secretary general of the United Democratic Father-
land Front.
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it.o.tCOUOjit ttilewior-, of the zi`i,e....usy
completely by the Kim Il-song Faction as stated above, they had repre-
sented the main stream of the Korean Communist Party for a long time and
mainly had remained at home, instead of fleeing abroad, and lived to-
gether with the people in general. As a result, their influence is
deep-rooted, and there remain a number of sympathizers not only among
the remnants of the South Korean Labor Party, but also within the North
Korean Labor Party right under Kim Il-song's nose. An evidence to this
fact is that even now the individuals who are being purged ty Kim Il-
song are criticized for being under the influence of Chang Sun-myong,
0 Ki-byon, Ti Chu-ha and others, who are affiliated with the Tuesday
Faction and Pak Hon-yong.
4h
The only group which is most likely to tangle with gle Kim Il-
song in an intra-party struggle in the future is the (combined] group
of the Tuesday Faction, the main stream of the Korean Communist Party,
the main stream of the South Korean Labor Party, and the main stream
faction within the Korean Labor Party opposing Kim Il-song.
sEcRET
The leaders of this group have had relatively long years of
experience and command support from the masses. However, when Korea is
under a strong foreign influence as is the case today and when the support
from the USSR and Communist China is not directed toward them, these
people are in a disadvantageous position. In the event Korea becomes
a neutral country, this group is expected to gain power over the faction
of foreign origin led by Kim II-song.
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of ti.c Party Cer.ter wnell tile original Coaunit:t Pur-,y &1 1;,- to ?
Faction .Alffered a wholesale arrest and complete debtruction sab,equenL
to the :,inuiju Incident in liovember 1925. This faction was compoed
Llostly of former students in Japan and the intelligensia. The mainstay
of the Marxi_t-Leninist Faction was Cn'oe Ch'ang-ik, who subsequently
fled to China and became the leader of the Korean Independence League
in Yen-an and who returned to Korea after the liberation, and at one time
formed an alliance with Kim 11-song for the downfall of Pak Hon-yong,
and who finally was killed by Kim Il-song when he launched a movement
in August 1956 to depose )4im Il-song and to assume power himself. Ch'oe
Ch'ang-ik litta the elder of the Korean Independence movement. He graduated
from the Chuo University in Japan with the assistance from the noted
lawyer, Ho Hon.
Since the founding of the Korean Communist Party in 1925, this
Marxist-Leninist Faction has struggled against the Tuesday Faction and
even after the liberation, it opposed the Tuesday Faction in all matters
in the central organ of the Tuesday Faction's Reconstructed Communist
Party, since thi. faction was strongly aware of the factional struggle.
Immediately after the liberation, it established a ghost communist party
(theso-called Chang'an Faction Communist Party); when this party was
dissolved by Parc Hon-yong, the Marxist-Leninist Faction did return to the
fold, but continued its destructive sch,:me by secretly siding with Kim
Ii-song through Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik of its own faction who then was in North
Korea.
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po..ed of the people belonging to the former Marxist-Leninist Faction ello
met in the Changean Building on Chongno in Seoul on the night of 16 August
1945jimmediately after the liberation and announced the formation of the
Korean Communist Party on the 17th. Thus this party came to be known as
the Changlan Faction Communist Party and again since it had only the top
organization and no subordinate organs, it was referred to as the Ghost-
Communist Party. At the end of August, Pak Hon-yong announced in his
Au/5mA Thesis at the meeting of the Preparatory Committee for Reestab-
lishment of the Communist Party that the Chang'an Faction Communist Party
was a mistake and that the members of this group had been accepted back
in the organization of the Reconstructed Communist Party of Pak Hon-yang
as individuals after the dissolution of the Chang'an Faction Communist
Party.)
In August 1946. in South Koredlat the time of the merger of
the Special South Korean Committees of the Communist Party, the People's
Party, and the New Democratic Party, this Marxist-Leninist Faction, with
the support from Kim Il-song, began to openly oppose Pak Hon-yong,first
by establishing a subfaction called the Congress Faction within the Party
and later by forming the Social Labor Party outside the Party and con-
tinued to oppose the party merged under the hegemony of Pak Hon-yong. In
North Korea both Kim Il-song and Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik supported the Congress
Faction to oppose Pak Hon-yong.
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This Cress Faction was made up of not ?Si! the 1.1arxiLt-inic....
6p.
Faction but also included Yi Chong-yuon of the Party Reconstruction Council
Faction, Mun Kap-song and Kim Hun, who survived the KA4,-11 Cu44.1aniot Party
incident in Chicn-tao, Manchuria, and Hang Chin, who was born in the USSR.
In addition to the abovcimentioned Communist Party metbers, the Congress
Faction included Yo Un-hyong of the People's Party and Pack Nam-un of the
New Democratic Party. Kim Il-sOng in North Korea aummoned these people
secretly to Plyongyang and told them that he would spare no moralipr material
assistance to them if they would seize the leadership of the party away from
Pak Hon-yong at the time of merger of the three parties. Subsequently, large
GOtta Of money were handed over to them through secret routes. '
Since the Pak Hon-yang' headquarters detected their plot and came
into the possession of evidence, these opposition elements were expelled
from the party. The subordinate echelons of the party, upon learning the
rebellious acts, detested the Congress Faction and did not team up with them.
Consequently the Congress Faction became completely isolated and tasted
an utter defeat. Several of these expelled meters then got together and
formed the Social Labor Workers Party as an opposition party to the South
Korea Labor Party.
Kim Il-song, who had planned to drive Pak Hon-yong out of the South
Korean Labor Party, thus ended up in a complete failure in his first objective.
He was in fury at thc anti-Pak Bon-yong elements, wham he supported even to
the extent of providing them with money, for being expelled from the party
by Pak Hon-yong and for creating for no reason at all a ghost party, the
SEeker
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Se,ciali labor Party, outside 2 the Party without any support frcx. the ..;out.il
Korean people. Kim Il-song hastily called a meeting of the presidium of the
North Korean Labor Party and handed down a severe condemnation for their
failure through Chtoe Ch'ang-ik, who was directly responsible for the anti-
Pak Hon-yong operation. ' fr
In his report, Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik attacked these elements which formed
the Social gid Labor Party in South Korea as "pawns of American imperialists."
In reality, the Kim Il-song and Chtoe Chiang-1k not only shifted the entire
responsibility for the failure to the Congress Party but also gave an impression
that they were protecting the South Korean Labor Party by attempting to patch
up their responsibility.
The Social Labor Party came to a deadlock when it was reprimanded
by Borth Korea, on which it relied for support. The majority of members who
formerly belonged to-the Communist Party rejoined the South Korean Labor Party
after self-criticism. Others including Yo Un-hyong and Xi Yo-song of the
People Parity, Peek Nam-un of the New Democratic Party and Y1 Yong, former
Communist Party member, organized the Working People's Party as a neutral party.
Another group of members of the Social Labor St Party who neither
rejoined the South Korean Labor Party nor joined the Working People's Party
after the dissolution was absorbed into the clandestine net operated by
Song Si-back, famous agent sent into South Korea by Kim Il-song. As a result,
the entire Marxist-Leninist Faction in South Korea ended in a political ruin.
This episode reflects how the people in South Korea ue-cest any link with
Kim Il-song in North Korea. It also expresses the desire of the people in
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8outh Korea to hi.? f,,t,letrwil eQL.2:11.16tL; t:tii -r.zt
unaerstand their feeling in the event South Korea were co=unized.
Most of the members of the Congress faction (successors to the
Marxist-Leninist Faction), which was now completely wrecked politically,
turned to spying for Kim Il-song in South Korea. They scraped together or
fabricated information about Pak Hon-yong and the South Korean Labor Party
and sent it via Chloe Chlang-ikiwho was in North Korea ,toKim Il-song's
Secret Operations Department (commonly known as Room No 5 of the Central
Committee of the Party). Kim Il-song used this information to label each
nether of the South Korean Labor Party. When the leaders of the South Korean
Labor Party who bad been careless in speaking, being unaware that they were
being vatabed by this secret apparatus, fled to North Korea during the Korean
Mar, Kim fl-song's organization was waiting for them. Those who bad been
labelled were completely purged, irrespective of the seriousness of the abarges,
at the tine of the Pak ion-ynng purge. actually Kim Il-song's organization
was more severe with the South Korean Labor Party leaders than either the US
Army or l?aliman Rhee's military police.
In 1953 when Kim fl-song arrested Pak Son-iong on grounds of being
an American spy, Kim bad Ch'oe Chiang-Lk, who at that time was Minister of
Finance go, accompanied by military pollee, to Pak's home and arrest him.
Ch'oe bad never bad nay relationship with the investigatory agencies before.
Actually Kim Il-song handled the affair skillfully. After Pak
Eon-yongis Tuesday Faction and its successor, the Seoul Communist Group,
had been purged, the Marxist-Leninist Faction of Chloe Ch'ang-ik and the
Congress Faction anticipated great rewards, but Kim Il-song was plotting
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towards the former Marxist-Leninist faction, such as Ch'oe Chfarz-1k.
At the 3rd party congress ,Ch'oe Chi:Inc-tic had expected, on the basis
of his experiences in the (revolutionary) struggle and his actual power,
that he would be made vice chairman of the party's Central Committee and
4:4
would rank next to Kim Il-song. However, Kim Il-song rejected any further (,,
extension of Ch'oe Chiang-ik's influence and instead appointed Chong Il-yong,
who wan without any revolutionary experienceS, as vice chairman. By this
action Chtoe Wang-ik recognized Kim's true character. Realizing keenly
that unless Kim was toppled his own future was doomed, Ch'oe rapidly
launched an anti-Kim Il-song movement.
However, Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik was immediately crushed by Kim Il-song,
The Remnants of the 14arxist-teninist and Congress factions are now mercilessly
crushed in North Korea. They are regarded by neither the Kim Il-song
Faction, the insiststream faction, nor by the South Korean party, the anti-
slain stream faction as comrades or even as human beings. They are considered
to be factional and opportunist elements.
/4
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kw;
1
This is the ordinary name used collectivcdy fer the 'iscal Y?uth
Association Faction and the Shanghai Faction. Presently, there are no
factions descended from these groups, and only a few forgotten leaders
survive. These are Yi Yong, Ti Chong-yun, and Yun Hyong-sik. Because
of its involvement in previous factional strife, this faction secretly allie
itself with the Marxist-Leninist Faction unuer the control of Kim Il-song
and waged an anti-Pak Hon-yong movement in South Korea. But. as in the case
of the Marxist-Leninipt kaction, this faction was simply used by Kim Il-song.
When Pak Hon-yong was purged and the faction's utility was at an end, it
incurred Kim's oppression and was split up.
The above three factions are the oldest within the Korean Co=unist
Party but by now they have been destroyed by Kim Il-song.
The important meters of the first and second phase of the Korean
Communist Party, organized 17 April 1925 and dissolved in 1929, were as
follows:
First Communist Party (Tuesday Faction) -
Kan Tal-chun:; (leader, died in early period); Pak Hon-yong;
Kwon 0-sol and Kwan 0-j1;., brothers; Ti Sung-yap; Ti Chae-yu; Ti Chu-ha;
Ti KWan-sul; Cho Il-myong; Chang Si-u.
Second Communlst Party (Marxist-Leninist Faction, Sicul-Shanghai
Faction) -
Kim Chun-yon (Temporarily in charge of the party; shifted and
became a =Sher of the Central Committee of the Korean Democratic Party
and Chairman of the Unification Party); Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik; Ha P'il-won;
Pak link-thong; Ch'oe Th-ban; Ii Yong; Ti Chong-yun; Yun Hyong-sik
-12 .
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4 B. Party Reconstruction Period (19,30-150A5)
In 1929 the Comintern cancelled the right of the Korean Communist
Party to serve as the Korean Branch of the Comintern. It advised
that factional strife be stopped and that the party penetrate deeper
into the working class. This action...deprived the factions of the grounds
on which each faction clairad that it itself was the solo legitimate
Communist party. The various factions, working on the theory that 'C,
the one which recruits more people will gain hegemony, tried to
infiltrate the MISS03, but because of government pressure, the
inexperience of the Korean working class, and because of lack of their
OVA strengths, organizational work did not develop. Nevertheless,
by exerting influence on the working class and on the students, ddspite
cruel pressure from the governmant, factiOry strikes and school strikes
continued every year.
The most active of the three factions described above was probably
the Tuesday Faction. This is because the majority of the Communists
who grey up following the dissolution of the Korean Communist Party
belonged to the Tuesday Faction. Typical of this group is Chu Yong-ha
(formerly vice chairman of the North Korean Labor Party, who at the
time of the Pak Eon-yono purge was criticized by Kim -song as a
factionalist because of his close relations with Pak Hon-yong, and who
now is a duck farm manager).
Pak Hon -yang of the Tuesday Faction went underground after his
release from prison. 0 Ki-byon temporarily went into exile to the
/(
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fi?
P?
rebuild the Korean Communist Party. When he returned to Koroa, he
was unable to establish contact with Pak Hon-yang, who was in hieing
within the country, and traveled on foot thrpughout Korea three times.
Being unable to contact his comrades within the country, 0 Ki-byon
wasted ten odd years. Up to the time of the liberation in 19145, he
was never captured. Nevertheless, he was never able to achieve his
mission.
Pak Hon-yong, released on parole for illness, went completely
underground. The lawyer at this time was the famous Ho Hon, who
later became South Korean Labor Party Central Committee chairman.
Pak Hontyong kept himself disguised by working as a laborer in
a brick factory in Cholla-namdo and so avoided the attention of the
authorities. Nevertheless, he maintained contact with comrades on
the outside through Tun Sun-dal,and his girl friend, Ii Sun-gum, who
was a sister of Ti Kwan-sul.
1. Seoul Communist Group (1939)
Pak Hon-yong went underground and working through Ti Kwan-sul,
Ti Chae-yu and others, strove to expand the organization. However,
because Ti Chae-yu was arrested he began to work through KimSam-nong
and Ti Evang-sang.
In 1939, with Pak Hon-yong ao chief, Kim Sam-nong, Ti Kwang-sang,
and Ti. Kwan-cul organized the Communist organization called the
Seoul Communist Group, with Seoul as the center. This group consisted
privarily of students from Seoul and Tokyo universities and special
schools, but later they tried to extend (membership) into the ranks
At the workors. But while the eras? was eneamd in this, the organization
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U )
was uncovered in Seoul and arrests followed.
After liberation Lin 19145), this group became the rain stream
of the Communist Party which was established in Seoul and also
later became the main stream of the South Korean Labor Party. The
people included within this faction and this group were generally
called the Domestic Faction to distinguish them from the foreign.
Kira 11-song and Yen-an factions. If tan 11-song was to achieve hegemony
of the Korean Communist Party it was essential that this Seoul Group
be overthrown. The antagonism between the Kin group and the
Seoul group was fatal to hegemony within the party.
The role of Pak Hon-gong and the Seoul Cormunist Group
in the history of the Co=unist movement in Korea is given below.
1?1, 1:-
(9.'6
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? 7.-
is
1925 - lyc)
Korean Communist Party (Tuesday Faction; Pak Hon-yon)
1939
Seoul Communist Group
Pak lion-yang
Kim Sam-nong
Yi Kwang-sLng
yi Kwan-sul
Kim ling-bin
Chloe Yong-dal
Yi Chu-sang
Pak Kwang-cho
Yun Sun-dal
September 1945
Reconstructed Korean Communist Party
Pak Hon-yong (Chairman)
Kim Sam-nong (Chairman, Seoul ?arty Committee)
?
Ii Kwang-sang (Director, Labor Department)
Yi Kwan-sul (Director, Finance Department)
Kim Ung-bin (Chief, OrEanization Department, Seoul Party)
Ch'oe Yong-dal ( Member, Central Committee; chief, Organization
Department, Konguk Preparatory Committee)
YS Chu-sanE (Secretary)
Pak Kwang-cho (Member, Kyonggi-do Committee)
/
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? . Nei
Korean L.tL,or rarty
Pak lion-yonG ( Vio Chairnan; Deputy Preniel-)
Kim Sar-non g (Captured and sLot by the Rhee Government)
Chief
Yi Hyon-sang (Commander, Chii San ?artisans)
Yi Kwan-sul (Died)
SECRE7
Yi Chu-sang (Member, Political Committee, People's Army; Colonel)
Kim ling-bin (Chairman, Seoul Party Committee)
Pak Kwanc-cho (Chairman, Kyoncci-do ?arty Committee)
Ch'oe Yong-dal (Under surveillance by Kim 11-song in North Korea)
Yun Sun-dal (Chairman, Chollatgamdo ?arty Committee; member,
Military Affairs Committee)
End of 1952 (Immediately prior to the purge)
Korean Labor Party
Pak Kon-yong ( Vico Chairman; Deputy Premier)
Yi lition -sang (Chief Commander, Chii San Partisans)
Yi Chu-sang (Deputy Director, Central Cadre Department)
Kim Ung-bin (Director, Kumgang Academy*)
Chloe Yong-dal (Deputy 2..inister, iinistry of Justice)
Pak Kwang-hui (Principal, Chagang-do Cadre School); demoted
Yun Sun-dal (Member, Division Military Committee)
*Kureang Academy is a military training school for South Korean
partisans located at the northern boundary of the 38th parallel.
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?
1.9147
South Xer.)an Labor Party
Pak flon-yong (bopu!,y cniarwan; assigned to North Korea)
rim Sam-nong (Director, Organization Department)
Yi. Kwan-sul (Arrested and imprisoned)
Yi Hyon.-uang (Director, Cadre Department)
Kim Ung-bin (Acting Chairman, Seoul Party Committee)
Pak Kwang-cho (Studying in the USSR)
Chloe Yong-dal (in North Korea)
Yi Chu-sang (Secretary)
SECRET
V.arch 1950
(South) Korean Labor Party*
Pak Hon-yens ( Vico Shairman; Deputy Premier)
Kim Sam-nong (in sole charge of the South Korean covert party)
fl Eyon -sang (Commander, Chii San Partisans)
Yi Kwan-sul (Imprisoned)
Yi Chu-sang (Chairman, Ch'ungd:eng Namdo Party Committee)
Chloe Yong-dal (Criticized by Kim Il-song in North Korea)
Kim Ung-bin (Returned to North Korea after studying in the
USSa and standing by)
Pak Kwang-cho (Returned to North Korea after studying in the
USSR and standing by)
although
*indicated as (South)Korean Party because/the North and South
Korean Labor Parties were amalmasated in 19149, it was kept secret.
023
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--0
Pak hon-yong (Shot as an Amr.lrican spy)
Yi Ryon -sang (Killed in a battle with the Rhee Army)
Ii Chu-sang (Jomoted; wherea:muts unknown)
Kim Ung-bin (Escaped wtan he heard of the capture of Pak
Eon-yong; fate unknown)
Ch'oe Yong-dal (Demoted; whereaUouts unknown)
Yun Sun-dal (Sentenced to 15 years inprisonment as an American
spy)
Pak Kwang-hui (Deputy Chairman, ?'yongyang People's Committee;
since he was demoted by Pak prior to the Pak Hon-yont
incident, he escaped implications)
As seen from above, the Seoul CommunistOrcup played an important
role in the history of the revolutionary movement in Korea, but after
the party lost its foothold in South Korea and fled to North Korea, it
could not fight against Kim Il-song and ended tragically with its members
killed. Although the leaders of the Seoul Comnunist Party have been
destroyed, their influence still is felt.
When in 1939, Pak Hon-yong came secretly to Seoul to set up an
underground organizations, he net secretly with Underwood, principal
of the Yonhui College in Seoul and a US CIA 1?) arent on Korean
operations, and discussed the international situation and how much aid
the US can give in the struggle for Korean independence. it is ironical
that years later this meeting served as an excuse for Kim 11-song to
accuse Pak Ron-yong as an American spy.
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177
!
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Kim SarrrmJng rorained iN hitmg ciefli 2.n Lochl at tcEJLher
' with goca results.
Ch'oe Yon-..dal,-pro:essor at Posong College, strove/to recruit young
students.. Kim.Sam-nong was, arrested soon after and' imprisoned in a
prison in Chonju until the. 15 August Liberation Day.
After?the Liberation, tbe Seoul Communist Group took over the
SECRET I
important posts in the reconStructod Communist Party. The members of
the group, however, became self-righteous, asserting that they fourht
and opposed.the'cruel oppression of the Japanese regime, and distinguished
themselves from other revolutionalists as the "light in a dark night,"
and the "clear stream among muddy streams.," They became cliquish.and
incurred the opposition Of other factions. The result was that many of
the other Seasons went Over to Kim Il-song and helped to build up his
'forces.
2. Other Groups
When the war situation turned unfavorable for japan -from around
1943 and defeat became a possibility, small independence movement
Croups sprang up in various parts of Korea. 4e-;rgbups included those
who wore experienced in Communist movements and young men who.were
dissatisfied with the drSft and expropriation.
AMong these sroups, the important ones are given below.
a. Yi Chong-yun Group.
The ?arty Reconstruction Council Group was headed by
Ii Chong-yun, who was an old COMmunist active in the Seoul Young Men's
AssoCiation during 105, and who opposed Pak hon-yong. This group
i .,;;:r
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arrested in thesummer of 1945 just Lefore W%4 Liberation.
was
Immediately after the Liberation, Yi?Chong-yun gathered a
part of the Marxist-Leninist Faction under his. wing and opposed Pak
..lion-yongls Party Reconstructicns Preparctory?Comaittec, but finally
? merged with Yi Hon-yong's Reconstructed Communist ?arty. Even after SECRE
that, Yi Chong-yun secretly kept in contact with Kim Il-song in North
Korea and Continued his anti-Pak Hon-yong movement.
During the party merger period in 1946; Yi Chong-yun finally
raised the anti-Pak banner officially. However,.since he failed, he .
?'attacked,
was boatercby Pak iionyong and forsaken bY Kim Il-song. He is completely
?
out of power, now and is working in a small library in P'yongyane.
b. So Chung-sok Croup*
The So Chung-sok Group was centered around So Chung-sok
and his brother, So Wan-sok,- and had an underground organization in
Seoul in 1944-1945. The group included Sin Pu-ch'ul,.a-famous
.comedian of Korea. This group, also was arrested by the Kyonggi-do
police just before the Liberation. '
1.n.emediately after the liberation, So Chung-sok -played
an 1Mportant role as a' member of the Central Committee of the Korean
Cour.unist Party. Sc Wan-sok, his younger brother, controlled the
?
?
Korean Seamen's League at one time. When the parties were merged in
191:6, however, So Chung-sok went over to the anti-Pak Hon-yong Faction,
and the brothers lost their political 'positions. Their present whereabouts
are unknown.
*.?
. -
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?..
c. Chlongju ?rcvertive ..:z.tention Ca.'n Cirtup -.
be-called
The. Ch'ongju Preventive Detention Camp Croup was the
non-defection group, which was kept imprisoned even after
the expiration of .the terms of the members of the group. Although
the group actually was unable todo anything, it was important an a
non-deviation group.
'There was a mixture of factions within this group, including
Hun Eao-song and Kim Kurt of the Kao-li CommunIst Party line of Chien-tao ?
in Manchuria, and Knng Chin from the USSR, and Kim Ch'ol-su, etc.
.Among the:, Kang Chin was the most active. within 10 days after he -
was released through the 15 August liberation, Kang Chin formed his
own faction. Kang Chin had been active in the Primorskiy Kray in the
USSR, amid later he. infiltrated into Korea where he was arrested while
engaged in organizational activities.
In Korea, Kung ranked next to Pak Hon-yong in the Political'
Committee, but when the parties merged in 19146, Karig oppoSed PaklHon-yong
and organimcc?or.grass. Faction,. and led to the split of the party.
-Kang Chin launched tlie anti-?ak movement, also, in lcdgue with Kim
Il-stingi but when the movement failed, Kim Il-song put, the blame on
Kang Chin, called him to North Korea and Imprisoned him. Iater. when
Pak Hon-yong was arrested, Kang was released, but nothing is known of
://
? him at the present time.
-ris can be seen above, Kim Il-Song rapipulated the various
factions in South Korea from behind and strove desperately to everthrow
i
Pak Hon-yang.
?
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Overseas F.aictions
A part of the workers for Koreah'independence fled to
Manchuria, Shanghai in China; and the OSSR:rom the strong suppression
in Korea. Many of the refugeeS gahered in the Ohien-tao district
in Manchuria,where immigrants from Korea had settled long ago, and made
that the base of their indeAndence movement.
At first, the Chien-tao district was the base of Yi Si-yong,
a former vassal'of the old Korean monarchy, and KJ:4 Chwa-jin, a military
man.
With the eatablishment of the Communist regime in tie Primorskiy
Kray, however, the strength the Communists in Chien-tao increased
rapidly. Yi Si-yong (Vice president at the time of the establishment
of the Republic of Korea in 19148) Was pursued by Communists and finally'
General__
fled to Shanghai. (Kim Chwe-jin (Efficer during the Korean monarchy)
was assassinated by Kin Il-song (a different person from the present
North Korean Premier Kim Il-song, who was Kim Song-ju). The strength
of racialism, thus, was greatly weakened. ?
t.
. was .
Manchuria up to the Manchurian Incident/ compared to Nered,
a relatively free .country for Korean independence movement workers.
Small armed organizations, thus, were found scattered inivarious
places.
'Taking advantage of the Manchurian Incident, organizers of
the Japanese Army and the Chinece Communist Party rushed into Manchuria.
The Chinese Communist Party strove to strengthen their anti-Japan
1
front in Manchuria through the formation of a united front with Korea.
Communist China, thus, took note of the Korean Independence/Croup:in
.
?
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-..Kanchuria an4 triedrto reorgnitu. them. The-mcers of the already -
existing organi7ationa fer Korean indcpendencemoVement, however,
although Communists, wet? so strong, in their racial feelings that ,they
,did not agree with CuMmUnitt China's policy which placed first emphasis
On liberation of 'China.
Communist China, thus, tried to find from amcng Koreans. in
.Manchuria those internationalists of the Communist. line who thought
more of the Chinese revolution than of .the Korean independence. The
'man' who filled this requirement was Kim Song-ju (present Kim Il-song),
? ' ? Youth '
secretary Of the Kirin District, Chinese Communist/League .
? ;"-.
a. Kim Il-song Ch'oe Hyon Group (South Manchuria)
.Kim Il-song (real name Kim Song-ju) was born 1912
at Mangyongdao, a suburb; of P'yongyang, as a son of a private elementary
school teacher. His Mother, Kang Ssi, name from a Christian family.
His mother's brothers Kang Yang-guk (presently, member and vice chairman
c.f. the Presidium of the Korth Korean Supreme People's Assembly). was a
.pastor.
When Kim fl-song (Kim Song-ju) Was attending.the,
Ch'u-lin Middle School, Kim Il-sone (the real one) slew . _general
Xim:Chwa-..?.n, who was the moat powerful Korean in Manchuria , and
his :name became Imam all over the Chien-tao area.
Kim Il-sone (Him Sone-ju) was expelled from the Yu-lin
. .
.Middle..SchOol and served several Months in prison...A:tor his release,
.he joined the Chinese. Communist Party. When Kim Song-ju-waS trying to
flirt"
flICA
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1 ':...11 e?-w :
e
. . , i q
e c the und police after beinE? involved in -partisan activities .after the
.. . . .
?
:01 1
1931 Nanchurian Incident, he tsed.for the first-time the nama? of A 1
4 z.
Kim Il-song, who Was dead by then.
1
?
From around 1.935,? Kim Il-song?(K*Song-jd)? devoted
himself to partisan struggles under orders from the Chinese Connunist
Party. When the Sino-Japanese incident broke out in 1937, Comunist
China immediately reorganized Chinese-Korean coMbieed arned units.'
The armed units,erganized by Communist China was headed by Yang Ching-yu.
pf Communist China. The Korean units were-asSembled under the 6th),
Division, and a Korean was decided to be appointed as the divisiori.
commander. The first choice was Ch'oe Hyon, who was lonz active in
the partisan movenent.in Manchuria, but since he was totally illiterate
and simple-mindedvKim Song..ju (present Kim Il-song), who attended
school up to the eacond grade in middle school, was appointed corurander
of the .6th. Division. Kim Song-ju formally became Kim Il-song-from ?
this time.
in 19b0, however, the Chinese-Korean partisan unitsin
Manchuria faced destruction by the Japanese Kwantung Army.and police.'
Since Kim would. have been completely wipe' out if he stayed in Manchuria,
'he managed to cross over the Soviet-Manchurian border in-19i0and
fled tothe 'vicinity of Khabarovsk. . be billeted his small number of
units which fled with him in nearby private hothes. He received
political and special education under the command of Major General.
SuchRov; who was the commander of the military 'administration in 1945
when-the Soviet Army occupied North Korea. After the North Korean
tdvernment was established.in1948, Suchko,., continued to guide
?
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If .414611 NW"
- ?
.K..174.11ThSong hs the Soviet nrbaseador in P'yonuang. buchkov wi
charced with the responsihility for failure of the Korean eonflict.
ii
41
and recalled to the Soviet Union.
Kim Ilsong,- in his eelf-advertisement in North Korea
at present, uses the standard line that when the li.gah Korean people
were faced with the most difficult days,,he alone bravely engaged in '
armed struggles against the Japanese imperialism.
Actually, however,
? Kim Il-song was leading a peaceful1 life in the Soviet Union during
the crGcial years between 1940 and 1945, when the cppression.was.
most severe.
When Kim song was brought ta P'yongyang in August
1945 by the Soviet Army, he could not use the name of Kim Il-song
and came as Kim Song-ju. He ferwalIy, took the name of Kim Il-song
In Korea in nid Octcl-,ar '.ihen he appeared for the first time before
!I the masses at the P'Yongyane :11nicipal People's Asiembly.
A characteristic of the Kim Il-song unit is that it has
many illiterate persons and lacks experienced ones.
At the time of the establishment of the People's Republic
in 1948, not many could appear in the limelight, but, presently, men
of the Kim Il-song line are in the key positions.',
The cadres of the in Il-song Unit in 193e were as
follows:
- Kim Il-song (Division cord:ander)
An Ell (Chief of Staff)
Kang Kong (Commander).
_
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1:4,c
Kim 11 ,(Co:roany cor.e.ar)
?ak Sorty-ck'ol Olatocn cormnder)
'Chloe Lyon (independent unit cormander)
Pak Tal (internal agent)
Pak Kum-ch'el '(Internal agent)
The cadres of the Kim fl-song -line as of October 1959
are as follows:
0
SEUL?.El
Kir Il-song (Proxier)-
.
An Kil (Died in 1947)
Kang-Kong (Chief of t..:EC Staff, People's Arry in 1950;
. killed by a bomb while inspecting the Korean front)'.2
Kim Il (First Deputy.Premier)
Pak Song-ch'ol .(Yoreign Kinister)
Chico Hyon.(Minister of Cornunications)
Pak Tal (Died spring 1960)
Pak Kum-chsol (Vice chairman, Central Cormittee, Korean
Labor Party) ?
In the government, Kin Il-song's deputy's Kim Il, who. ;
was.a?company:commander during the partisan days. In the Korean Labor
; Party, Kim's deputy is Pak Kum-ch'ol, who was an internal acent'during
the partithan days. :.mong those of-the Kim fl-song line; Kim Il is the
only. one who finished riddle school.
b. Ch'oe Yong-gon Faction (North Manchuria).
Ch'oo Yong-gon was born as a_son of a landowner in Namsi
' 4
%.
4t:e fr: ii""ta,;* "+.1e, d'a ?.!- ?
:
?4114 "CO
?"?4 tsr;ilt 41.11 sr.. 4.?''4.1
.
SECRET
:
? !
l
i
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.. .... ... . ?I
? >;
. r -2
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A.,
.near Sinuji in-Plyongan-Pukto. ? V:hon yo.,:ng, he pnrticipated In the
-independence movement, fled to China and wandered .through North and
South China, He settled dawn in North ..:?:anChuria around the 19305:
and carried out operations. It may be that hr escaped purge by:Kim
11-song because he did not 'forth any group. Ch'ce Yong-gon presently
is collaborating with Kim Il-song, but he seems a little different
from the Kim il-song Faction, He way be the top personality in North
Korea at the present times'
Ch'oe Yong-gon's younger brother, Ch'oe Hyeng-gcn, is a
major general in the People's Army,
C. Independence Alliance .(Yen-an Faction)
The Korean Independence Alliance was organized. in 1943.
. at Yen-an, the stron3hold of the Chinese Communist ?arty. The Alliance.
was a motley'graup of refugees from Korea, Manchuria, and Shanghai, who
organized under the guidance of the Chinese Communist ?arty. The
,important'peroonages.of the faction at the end of 1945 when they '
returned to Korea were Kim Tu-bong, Chloe Chlangik, Mu Chong, Pak
11-u, Han Pin, U Yu.tmin, Kim Chiang-man, Ho Chung-suk, and Ii Kyo-sam..
A Korean Volunteer Army was organized under the Central
Committee of the Independence Alliance as follows:
Mu Chong
(Commander, Korean Volunteer Arm'-
-Ii Yu-min
(Chief, Crganization
Division)
kin Ch'ang-man ?
(Chief, Propaganda
Division)
A
SECRET "1H
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i - ' ? . ii&19. ;?,-,;,,,:.:t / J
(Unit Ccazaander)H
Pak il-u (Director, Central ?olitico-rnitary? Institute,
? Horean Independence Allianc&)
.These members of the indepondenct Alliance were divided
into three groups. The first group included Kim Tu7bong, Ch'oe Ch'ang-ik,
Yl Yu-min and others.who rejected both Kim Il-song and Pak }ion-yong and.
? first .
platted to establish their own regime. They planned to enter/into a
temporary alliance with Him Il-song, overthrow Pak Hon-yong by, using
- Kim Il-song; and then Overthrow Kith Il-song in the end.
The second-group, which included Mu Chong and Pak Il-u,
waa inclined toward uniting with Pak,Ron-yong rather than with Kim
Il-song.
Il-song.
The first two groups already have been purged.by Kim
:rhe th?rd group included those like Kim Ch'angrman, who .
threw off the Independence Alliance, considering it a mere temporary
aud Strove to establish the Kim Il-song regime. 'Thus, Kim' :.
Chlang-ran.alone was accepted by EimIl-song, and is now Vice Chairm:41
. of the Central dormittee, Korean Labor Party.
Among those Who- remained neutral and quietly followed
Kim Il-song is-(Madame) Ho Chong-suk, presently JusticeMinister lEinistry
- abolished 2 Septerber 1950]; and concurrently, president, Association
for Cultural Relations With Foreign Countries.
There are, also; among this faction, some who were unknown
? in the early daysubut who rade a.rapiclrise after the Chinese Volunteer -
- . . .
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v . ; / .
ArrV t.hu? i?otUan 1.tont. Thu., on, Vanintrur of
Eaccdtion?and ha Anc-chron.,. ?Diructor, ScicncJ! and SahoOl Educaiaon
sr- r
Dopartmont, Korean Labor Party* Since Yi L1-gyonh participaLcd in
? ,in Geneva SEURETI.
the Japan-North Korea Red Cross SocietiesnogotiationsiOn the North ,
Korean repatriabion problems, his nave- has become known in Japan?
?
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4
? A4,- ? - - , ;
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.?.?!.. . . ;
d
.:1%. I:: :::..:.il A::. ...:..= :.,:.:,:: ..?..12,.:A7,..::CALL
. A.:..) ERA .or PnK KZN-'I0::6 E.J.J.:2,C1 (1..S., AUgust?19L5-?ove:Ler 12140
A. . South Korea 1.--rliatc1y'After the Liberation
Aen japan accepted August 17L5, SECRET
.the Potsdam Declaration on 15 .
the Koreans thought that Korea suddenly will be separated from japan
44
and become Independent. The Allies, however, believed that a trusteeship
of a minimum of 5: years was necessary. Thus, Korea was divided at the
ft occupied by.
35th parallel and/the US and Soviet troops, which were entirely
different in character.
In South Korea, the Communist. Party was the first to be
. ;established under the leadership of Pak Hon-yong. Under .the guidance
.?of. the Communist ?arty, the Konguk (Founding of a Country) Preparatory
Oommittec was organized with Yo Un-hyong as. chairman and An Chae-hong ?
and Ho Hdn'as vice chairMen. Following this, the People's Party was
'
organize.i by Yo Un-yon, Yi Ko.1-so, (Ki-Ya?%ig), and Yi Yo-song.
On 7. September the US Forces occupied South Korea. The Korean
temocratic .Party, which is the political party of capitalists, land-
..
? oinlers, and: the propertied clans, was 'able to hold an organization
Meeting under the protection of the US military police on 15 September,.
A week after the stationing Of the Un Oecupatibn Forces. The left-wing
'
Xonguk Preparatory Committee readied its local organization and
reorganized into the Central People's Committee.
. Soca after, Syngran Rhee returned to Seoul from the US on an
?
US Any plane. The US Forces, however, immediately put military
administration into force and did not hand over: the reins of the
?...4:35240..aele1/41Fra
e4S:*,;..Z:.r.t4: t1/4" 'Aga
riot h .Utt!.
t
f
.
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-
Ze:
'
. ?
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,?ov?rnm.nt. Lu 1.11,' :t 0.-nt.:?;:i Coicm1,tt,30
KOK-nil Democratic Party,' or even to ::ye.,..man ince, no was brobtover
? from 1110 US. Finally, at the U3-lritish-SoViet foreign 11inisters'
Conference in V.oneowt.n 29 December 19h!;, Korea was placed under a.
5-year trusteeship. The Koreans were surprised and disappointed and
protested. The Korean Communist Party, however, 'appealed to the
people that under such a tense atmosphere, the ?carrying out .of the.
decisions of thellS-Hritish-Coviet Foreignianisters' Conference was
the only roaa to peaceful control of North and South Korea.- The masses.
did not listen.
1. Korean Communist Patty
as zsen as the defeat of Japan wasannounced, Pak Hon-yong,
- who had been in.hiding as a worker in a brick ftctory in Kwangju in
Chollaando, appeared before the (=Jess The police had been saying
that Pak Hon-yon: had fled to the Soviet Union.- enroute from Kwangju.
to, Seoul, Pak stopped over at Chonju, met with-Kim Sdmrnong, who had .
been released from.the Chonja Prison, and arrived in Seoul together.
in-Seoul, Pak -mndo-as his safe honterY;he spacious retidence of Kim'
Hae-Ryun, professor at Posong College._
?.
'Allen Pak Eon-yong arrived in Scoul,-he.found that Corntalists
. of the Farxist-lotninist Faction and others Who deviated had gathered at
:the Changan Puilding in Chon;:no on 17 :a4;ust and had organised the .
t.
Korcan'Coanunist Party (commonly called the Changan Faction Communist .
Party). , Pak lionryonh, first of all, asserted that the Changan ?action -
Conzvunist Party should be dissolved because it Was ordanized withotit- ?
sEcFCA
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Lbal,4! AwP
? .c.ovrnr.,,n to th., CIntral !:(.)nrcen,
.:.orean Denotratic.Parti, or even to Syngman :thee, wno was brou,:htever
from .the US. Finally,, at the US-British-Soviet I.oreign Ministers'
Conferenee.in Moscow'En 29 December .19h5, Korea was placed under a
. 5-year trusteeship, The Koreans were surprised and disappointed and
protested.' The Korean Comnunist ?arty, however, appealed to the
people that under such a tense atmotphere;.the'carrying out of the
decisions of tho US-British-Soviet Foreign Ministers' Conference Was
the only road to peaceful control Of Vorth and South Korea. The masses
did. not listen.
1. Korean Conmunizt .Party
' As son as the defeat ,of 'Japan was announced, Pak Hon?-yong,'
whO had beenin hiding as a worker in a brick factory in Kwangju in .
Shol1a-)4rdoi appeared before the masses. The polite had been saying
that.Pak Hon-yong had fled to the Soviet Union. .enroute from Nangju
r
to Seoul,..?ak stopped over at Chonju, Met with Kim Sam-nong, who bad
Seen released from. the Chonju Prison, and arrived in Seoul together. '
In Seoul, Pak made as his safe house the spacious residence of Kim
Hae-gyun, professor at ?osong College.
when Pak Hen-yong arrived in Seoul,. he found that Communists
? Of the Marxist-Leninist Faction, and others who deviated had gathered at
. the Changan Building in kthongeo on 17 Auust and had organized the
?Korean Communist Party (c6mcilly called the Changan Faction Comnunist .
?arty)." Pak ,Hon-yonh,. first of all, thaserted that the Charigah ?'action
:.Comniet ?arty should be dissolved because it was. organized without.
4
ge.
? 2.4
?
?
? SECRn
ft.'" Jt:L.
4411v.71c3
?t-S ?-
1 itttrktflt .Vdf?. .rz-ze
" '3.4 ? ---. ^ 1.fr
? ? ?
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? .izey pr*ncipius,.- Par: then bri:nhize.! tleJ Coxmiv,ve 1.: .
2econstr.uction of the Korean Comr,unist Party centering around the
Seoul Communist Group' . ,
?ak drew up a thesis for the reconstrixtion-of the party, QiUkE2
'convened the Korean Communists., Enthusiasts Meeting and announced ?
his thesis, which received unanimeusApproval of the meeting. A
resoluation wasipaased to dissolve-thn Changan -Faction Communist
Party andrecenstruct the Korean CommUnist Party along theline .
of ?ak Hon-yeng's thesis. .
The Korean Communist ?arty was reorganized Along Pak Hon-yong's)
. line early in.Septerber with Pak .Ron-yong as chairman. . Important
participants were Yi -:wan-sul, Yi Kwan-sang, Kim SaM?nong, Kwon 0-jik,.
Yi Kang-guk from the -Pak Pon-yong Faction; and Kang Chin, Yi Chong-n, -
'Kim' Ch'OleU, and Yi Yong from other factions. AMOng these people,.
Kang Chin ranked next to Pak 'Honyong as a meber of the Political
Committee.
in December 19/45, Yi Chu-ha in North Korea disagreed with
-Kim Il-song and came down, to Seoul and collaborated with Pak Hon-yong
in the capacity as vice chairman. Since the Reconstructed:Communist
Merbers.
?arty did not recognize the status as a.party member of the Kim Il-song '
'Faction who'werc.abroad or the independanco flliance Faction of
Yen-an, they were not elected to the Central.Committee.
, Pak Ean-yongi enlarged and strengthened the local organizatiOns
,? and emerged as South Korea's number- one party in the numer of party ?
,nembers and'influence. The IS Occupation. Troop coMcnnd attached great
? . .
'W- ' t It ? ?? : j' I ....- Y - ? 's
t.--..f...#1.1:111g.t171-#3tc.441-44.tel:-..j.:
-4: 3.3,4, A ? -'1`.:- ::, ' -,W'o?., . .'" A *41::,-,,, 11A-Ac ' ....', 1 . .- 7
?,.
, 11%,, , :1.4k: ett,:,1Air rc1/4 -44 ..',7 :-'i ?2.r.,,,' ' 11,40: , am.'"N.,-?-?-?,
, ?, ...,..,..e?,:i? Z1.,4 E. /-? -A.' 4=7; '
-0 o Is:an -
Chairman - -Yo ,CoL.. ?arty'. '
(Kim .1l-sons Faction) - ?Il7.3ont
--fie? Chairman -' Pack Kam-un ("ew nem. Party)
(Ein ?action)
carrying out this plan ,'71 11-son;: plotted to take over
control by placing his own faction in three out of the four posts
in the Supreme. Guidance Division.
Pak Hon-yong, however, opposed this plan and indicated the following
SEUithel
compromise:
, '-Vice Chairran Pak?hon-yong (Com. Party)
-.Chairman
fl-song Faction) Chairman Yi Chu-ha (Com. Party)
(Pak Hon-yong Faction)
?
--Vice Chairman 7 Pack Nam-un (New ?Dern. Party)
' (Kim Il-song Faction)
:athouch the?two.factioas-deliberated many tines on the two
proposals, no-decision could be reached. Te Anti-Pak-Hontyong
Faction within the CommuniSt Party then tried to come to a decision.
. by proposing a convention,- because it felt that if a convention is
held, there 'was a-posibility that Pak..pon-yong will be chosen from
the Nainstream.Faction and Kang Chin from the Antimainstream ?action.
It was, however, absolutely necessary for the Pak Hon-yang
'Faction, the Mainstream -Faction, to maintain-at leaat'a two aiainst--.
two ratio
: Division;
Yi Chu-ha
,against,the Kim 11-sont-,
The Mainstream Fact*,
in the Central Committee
Faction in the Sulireme Guidance,
?thus,;selected Pak Hon-yong.and
nnd Political Com-Attee as reprc
?
? ?
sentatiVes of the Comnunist Party. -Cr: thc?demand of the AntimainstreathH
Faction for a convention; the'nainstream Faction asked that the decision ?
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- ?
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f the Party C.!ntral rol:amod,, hal asser.Jed ti.at List
. /
to the sppression by the U3 Arrm.S 'convention could not be 'held
ir-ediately Withott any proparat'onc?,-
- This resulted in the Communist Party, The Foosie.ls Party, and
the New Democratic Party bein divcd 4nto the Pak Hon-yong _Faction SRAM'
and the-Kim IlTsonc.Factiono The Pak Hon-yon g itinstream Faction
expelled NiM fl-song Faction members within their own parties-as
? y"
being antiParty. elements.- En the-New Democatic Party. Special
?
. Com,littee, Chairman Pack -Nula-unwas expelled and Ho Hon from outside
. as the?
-the party was chosen/new thairman .
.After.threo'months of disputes since the mercer was first:proposed
in 4ugest, the.terger meeting was held,on'22, 23 November 19h6.
The SupremeGuidance Division was decided as follows at the ina$:sural
meeting of .the South Korean ? Labor Party:
r-Vice Chaiman -.Pak Eon-yong (Com. Party)
Chairnan Yl Ki-sok (Con. Party)
(Pak Hon-yon s 'Faction.)
(Known a: Ii Eol-so durins the People's, '
Party days)
? ' over'
The
Pak Hon-yong Faction ttoLI /Co:plate control of the Supremo
-Geidance Division and Kin fl-son; caferad defeat in his first .
? offensive operation.
the ?
-At this tip, Pik Eon-yon z fled to Ilarth Korea to avoid arrazt-
ordct:iscuad by Lt Con Hodge. ,of the. US Occupation Forces. -Pak ?
? ' , ?
?
Chairm-Tn Ho on
(New Der,$. Party) ,
(Pak Hon-yong Faction)
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appointed .YS ChuT..ha Sr. his pleca-, bt Y.-Cha--se was eri-estst sz..aa
after, and Yi Sun:-"07 torit.: place. cc tto, Yi Sunc-yop
ranked newt to Ho Kan ialta? Saut:: ::c .Laor Part/ ?
The Csntral Cat--ittee was, .of the Pak Hon-yonz,
Lino as folic:::
Orzanization Llzpa?:;,-'....nt 7 Ni: Sam-merc Director
.Propegaria Departtant. - Kan;t: 1:un-sok, Diractor
Cairo pc:part:cf.; - Yi Eyon-;:ait
Orsan Paper - Cho 4771-7ong, Editor
C. Congreas Faction - Social iqbar_Py
When th.o merger issue wee braught up in August 19146, the
' members of the Central Committee of tha Communist Party who secretly
- had liaia-on with. Kim Il-cons, anzauaccd their opposition to Pak Hon-yons'a?
setup. Sofore this :opposition baceite knot= in the party, however,
-it wns reportCd in the Ton-:z abe, oran.paper of the South Korean'
Democratic' Party, a rival of the Communiet Party. The aim Central ?
Committee members who :gated the e::0-4VIon rtatfl-,rt were Kano Chin,
Yi Chone-yun, Kim Chsol-su, lata Kap-sons) Kim Ken, and So Chung-sok,
?
They Vero the bosses 'Of the faction close to Kim il-coas.
In response to tho opposition state::ont, Yo Un-hyong? and
It Yo-song of the People's ?arty and Taek Nam-un from the Now
Domocratic .Party launched .an iffesenzive movement' to oppose Pak Hon-yonsis
setup. ?Tho Conmunist Party referred this issue to the .deliberations
- s ?
of 4ho cal mectinss.
SEukEl
?Cok,
../-dr."???rnirrarr''' --TS:7";t:ktir;e'fr.
"
- , ?
a a
} , - . L
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ea,
riboveL=nticnca ?24: mumberzere called
? 'thc Congress 7r.c,'.;i:n0The slr;t:rtad theprinciplosof
.this Congress c::iztad.only tithth t16 ,Tenrdsemun DiStrict
ParS;y in Seoul, ::yongsans;flando Pzrty?.=d a?psrtHof tho cell in Kyou, --g
atstda
Nkto. Otherlocs1 parties were not af2ect:d at all.
The Ce=inist Party Cantral Co=itteiu inflicted severe Find:hr.:at.
to the Cannittco :Li:nbers on.chargau of violation of the
party rogulationm. Fauns' Chin,-Yi Che:-un, Kim Ch!ol-sui'Eun Kap,=g,?
and Kim Hun cereTe::)olled, S CI-suns-sal: was deprived of hiz.rights.
in the.Peeplo's Party, tee, the Pak Hon-yens Faction, -.:hich had
a majority in`the Central Cs=dttec, suepamded the right? of the ?arty
Chairnnn and au:polled Yi Yo-zons, chief of the'orgnnication Dureau
yi-Ki-zok (Kol-co) loccaMo the acting chsirmsn for a.Vhdlo.
In tho Ncu Dcnocratic Par*, the Central Corcittee members of
:the Pak Hem-yons Faction, vhe , also, wore in the majority, =polled
Chairman Pack:Eamcd atd hreurht in Fe Hon fro= outside ths.party as-
tho ns..i.chairnnn 6.17-tH6:pty.
The Con ':z Faction (Kim 11-con: " ;:as driven out
- became completely? isolatsd_
of the party organizations... _Bolievins that Him Il-song will'support
?
them to the ye:tend, the Conzress FaCtion-mcmhorZ, ho- ware a=pe3.le4-
.fret'varicus parttios, accs=b1cd and-tricd to organize a nev pr.-ty
to oppose the South Korean Labor Party. A political Party called the
/ I.
)5scial Labor 1Party was organized, but this was an organization of .
.
only loaders and no meMeors.
5 tA. t3
Pt2
,10,
r-144
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Kim Il-son; became anary to find that tha-loaders of the ?
Concrcos Faction, whom he h:.,i,intsndcd to.amploit,?=a incorpatent.
and ware lcoinz out to tha 1;:n-yOn:; 1':ction. Kit11-sanz and
-Ch,ce Chsanc--lk wane placed of hayanC
their"cahind-thz-scanes conne^4r-- brad if thinss-did not co wall.
It ::as atthis tiMe that the Concrass ,Faction, 'Shout Consulting
"it Il-con;, saddanly oraniscd the Social Latcr? ,Party? a ghost
party, and asked Kim Il-cong for his approval and support and for
Political funds. tin Il-song becama furious for he had instructed
Kant Chia, Yi Chonc-yun, otc". to take away the hegemony from_Palc
lion-yong at the time Of the merzer, but ?imstead,thaY ware-drivan.
out by Pak Hon-yazz and .strancthened hic position. Kin Il-Scnc had
.plannod to.drive.cut only Pak Kon-yor.3 and tal:a over the South Koraan
Labor Party without.splittin:; the party-but Lang Chin and others did
not know of Kin Il-sonc's plan, anl ccvaral tens of the factional'
?laments had organized a splintcr party.
. Kin II-sonc hold Kan c Chin, who had ccm-a to Pyanzyant to report
to him, rozponsiblo for the defeat. and impriSonod him. Kin fl-son;
then isaucd orders to the Social.L.foor ? Party to disband and return
? to the SOuta :,Jrcan Labor .s-arty. .
Thu. Social ?Lahcr; Party W-Z2 thro# into confusion upon radoipt
of cUth an Oriier from Kim fl-cons. The Social \Labor Party-mar-bora
? *Eo had come from the Communist Party advodated'immediate:dissolution
SECRET
of the party acoording to Kit IlcSas'S orders. , However, the
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,
noa-Connunict me:15er.: of the Sc&al YcLcr-c-Varty -.rho tad ,-;o:-ut fronth
Pec710's Party or the.1:a.Danteratic Party oppecod thn dicniution of tho
party.
The .Social Warl:orc Party .41::7:aarn .fro:Ithe Co?:unict Party .fiaally
? .
vithdrou and uareaccopted hack/into the South Homan Labor Party
k ?;.1
thoir calf-criticism^. Tho five Central C=4tteo .U.a7.borc, Kang Chin,
Yi.Chong-yan, Nan Kap-cong, Kim Hun, and Kin Chiol-au, uha uoro
??
enpollod previously,. colld not return to the South Koran ? Labor Party.
.Tho foraor.Con=hist Party mcnbera, to make mantis, destroyed
the Social Vert:era Party.. Thozo tho?caL:o fron the People's Party and '
? . the Vow Davecratic Party, 'then, forn.cd.a.nou political Party.
, D. UarArl: Peonies:: Party . .
The Party thus organized by tho nor.:;er; of the People's Party .
and the Kou DOI:et:retie Party uac the?Woring Pooplo's Party.
Tho officorc,ofthe net: party woro:
Chairiezan Yo Un-hyong
(Pcoplemo.Party)
Vjc Chair:rut -- Parol: Kam-un
(Neu Domocratio Party)
--Vico-Chairxen -- Chang Kon-sang
' (People's Party)
-Vico Chair= Yi Yong
(Conaunist Party)
SIPORE1
? Yi Yong of the Cotnunist Party did not roturh to the South
Korean Labor Party but ,joinod vith Yo Un-hyong.and. bocame .vice.
9
ctairnan of the Working .PcoplO.0 Party. The. control Of the party ,was
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L\411--
lent, however, when C!,air-.- Yo Un-hyzn2 a.;-aceinatz"n
After Ws death, the thr,J v4co r.anazed the party.arairs
together without e?n::: Chairman, nan-un and YO 'fans,
lehe supported the'Kim Il-cons lino and who had special connuctions
? with Kin I1-ccs, disavzid on all :jitters. With.Chang Kon-cang, who
was critical of the Kim Il-cons line.
Attar his -ca-,-,??",on rrc-, arl.h=cican university (Yale), Chang
Kon-sans owt:;sed in the icdeponacnce jcined the :..i.sizt-duing
Koraan.Provisional -nL livai in Shanchai and Chunsicins for
- .
. aany yeare.'t?lfhen the Ds:ter:tic People's Republic of Roma waa
\
cztablishca in 1948 in Plyon-vans? Pee:: Nan-un and Xi. Ions went
?iaz.zdietel>to 1"yonsiang, :red Pack taaaaa Z.:Snit-tar of Education and
? 7fi bebaaa vice chair=a of thz S.pre?? ?-0-1-,a Asectly. Chart.
.? Koe-sans, hewevoi, rat-mined in Seoul. Evan during the Korean yr,
Chang did not co to Korth Ear= but re:zainal in Pusan.
vcRET
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itte7e. i-Ts? !L
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;se
ERAth'N2211,-SOZ:G--21:0:-Y0::3StitUGG;12;
FOR 7,C=2 (1947 - 1953)
. 'Pak ion-yon: was the 72:etor ever Kit.rl-ceh2 in the ctragcles
concerning the :aarcer ofte pare,ea.. Ln ani.nt ordo? for Pek'Hon.iyons
had, however, been issued by the US Occupation cc,==d, and Pak had
fled to liorth Korea. Pek was attacI:ed fren the frent by the US.
Occupation Forces and Synssan Rhea, ar.:1 wes provoked fro= the rear by
Il -sons.
On the other hand, Ki-i. whe hadnet with ocznlete defeat,
was not a an to give up. He tobilisec: the lower echelon of the
Consrossi7action, who were hostile to Pak Hen-yo::, and organised a
spy network to check on the actions of tht. officers of the Pei: Hen-yons
Faction.. .Kin Il-sons exploited the re:anat.:: Of the Congress ,Thetion
?and,
on one hand, on the other hand, diepatched Sons Si-eek to South Kora.
Sons Si-back was a veteran agent who received his treinirc: while ea.:aged
? in operations while going back and forth br4--,1 the Cenmuaist Party
and the Zuomintans in China. Sons Si-back's nicSion, ostensibly, was
operation's =ens tho neutral factions in South Korea, but actual work
was internal and intofli.. eperatioos.within the South Korean
iahor Party. Es received =plc funds fro the South Korean Labor ?
Party; also, and carried ?,1. chouy operations, but ho was arrested in
? 1947 by the South Korean authorities.
Kin Il-actes.anti?South Korean Lener ?arty operational line -ns
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follove I PP
?.
rr?zt
Party Headquartern,i------Sortg Si-back Line
Roma No 5 ?
A. Pounding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Kim Ilasong's
Assumption of Premiership '
The US-Soviet-British Joint Commission, which tried to peacefully
A
unify North and South Korea according to the' deoiition made at the US,
British, Soviet Ministers' Conference -held in Moscow in December.1945,
was a fiiiblre. The US proposed a free general election for the entire
Korea under the edtporvision of the UN Committee, but the proposal was
rejected by the Soviet Union.
? - On 30 My 1948, the US carried out, =ler the supervision of the
UN Committee, an election for South?Korea only, and on 10'August 1948,
the Republic of Korea was established. ?
' In Pyongyang in North Korea, too, ,the Demodiatie People's Republic
? of Korea Was established tp counter the ROK. In the establishment of
the DPRK, gSa ll-song and Pak Hon-yang were bitterly opposed on the
position of premier. The Soviet authorities, also, were Ina dilemma.
' Prior to this in 1947, when Ti ?Wang-sang, Chief, Cadre Department,
SoUth .Korean Labor -.Party; was en route to the Soviet Union for a
study abroad, he stopped in P'yongrusg and discussed the chairmanship
? ' of the Korean Labor Party with Ti Sang0jo, Chief, Cadre Department, and
KiM Chtang-nn, Chief, Propagated& Department of the North Korean labor
? SECRET ?
S76::
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"..."
.4-
1-t-r:aintaincod f.n t:13 Pco21,o 1%cottbly.
but
?..
wora tflOottl on tho I.'?YD of ono per 50,000,porn.s.
. Since South Koraa late calculate:: it 1,3 uillion tnd North Korot at
1.1 million, 360 vero elected frou South Korea and 220 from :iorth
1,
Korea.
- Amok: tho deputic.: rrom:South Xccz thtro 1:ero so=fro-Kim
11-sons factione 'found in the Uor::in:: P.:epic:la Party and the Deuetratie
factions, lout .tho &uth Korean Lao Party faction of Pak Hon-yong
predominated. Ko Eon of the South 1rore:-, Labor ?arty, thus, was
selected Chairaan of tho Supremo People's Assembly.
. -ere handled under the relationship of
'South Korean Labor Fartg-vertres,the Nerhh Korean Labor PartY.
B. i-lorEor of NorhhOod Peuth.Korzan. Labor Patf.cs-and Kin Ii-songic
AssUrdtion of Ch-.irranshin
Whcn Kim beeou: Frenicr cf the LPR.1:, ha was able, for the
first tizo, to demiotto over Eon-ye.:u. The South Korean Labor
Forty, however, cnistei on equal loyal, and Kim had no voice
in tho affalso of tho South 1:orean LL: r Par?ey. in crier to control
tho party affairs, also, Kim 11-ecns proposed tht morcer of the iLor::.h
? and South Korean Labor Parties in Juno 190.
-Pak Hon-yon hootitated at Pint, but ho -had no reasons to opo:
'the mercer, because Kim Sat-non;, fl Chu-ha, and Ii Kw:Ile-sans woro tho
only l=pbrttrat cfficere rommininz in South -Korea. Ucarly all tha
' Central Cetmittco =ambers already wero'in North Korea.
- ? .
G er???:71-7.rees_,
-
It1 !Sat ;AtIZ ?'tales ) ;
: ? e , r 11.1#
_ ttc..? ???. tt At.; tk-tty,??J a "'yr:
6 0
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Nue ?
It-conz, occoiad a pc-ition in t1711-i-ctvci=nt
with hi:: premiership, cain,d a Co...Ina.; pezition in the party,. -I-o,
by temanc the chairnan ofthJ par-ay. Vico eh:11:4=n were Pal:
Mon-yen: of the South Korean Labor Pry and He Ka-i of tha Ear:i Korona
Labor Party.
Tho ,-anbera of PolLtical Co:.:4ttee at the tits of the 1949
=ergo? wera Kin Il-conrs (orth), :Ion-fen?.(Scuth), Mc, Ka-i (ort),
Kin in-bon: (Horth), Ho Ho (South), Yi Sun-:fop (South), Ch'oe Chang-ik
(Korth),. and Kin Chiaeic (:orth), with t::::::conl-Sotth.ratio of 5 to 3.
In the Cabinet, howavcr,.the :tact ir:tortant Minister of Intornal
Affaira, Pak 11-u, usz nst a faithful follower of Kin Il-song. Pak
fl-u bee= critical of Kin 11-Danz's F.erconal dictatorchip and bazan
to icapcct Pak Han-yonz. Evan in the party, Vico Chairaan tha
most influential official who cane -fronthe Soviot Union, opposod Kim
It-song's trond totnard parzenal dictatorship and crac:ually drew closer
.to Pak Hon-yon;.
Thus,' tocerthar with Kim Ii-zonc's naneuvora for a rapid rise in
pczar, there appoaral intornal disser-ien,
C. Prcn Stru771cs for E.:7.--tn, 0-,L17..7. of war
Aithoufa Kis Il-scnc and ?Lk waro toclically in the
same vv.:Ira:lent, they wars opriozod in their
In South Koroa, oppression by the Syn:san Rhee authorities increased,
and tha Labor ?arty practically ceased to exist. Moreover, with'tho
arrect in March 1950 of Kin ',:ar:.-nens and Yi Chu-ha of the. Suprome
?
telle:? 41' 4.7"
? SECIRET
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11 1, ,.?.?
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4 i
:.spar:1?.nt. of t::..?`;:,atr. lwd7z,y, Cuijtnc3
Dcpertuz_nt collapsed.
Kim 11-conz :pp:sae-adto :.ave I.:eonwaiting for this es:Elapse,
?
bocasse if tho revolat4en in South 1:erest is?aceemplishad by Pak
Hon-yonz Faction, Pc:: Den-onz will beeethet nuch stro:Izar. K4-
Il,song had wanted to hava thi r-volution carried oat by the People's
it ?
Arrzy, which he had nurtured. Ifith the t.s..ar of the South Korean
Labor Pary deetroyed in South aore, Kim Ii-cork, decided on the arzed
f.
liberation of South Koren by the Pcanlo's Party.
I '
Kim il-sonc notifiod Pak Hon-:/ang cf his intentions. Pak Hon-yong
heartily appreved the plan, becautc. he felt that if he otayed in North
Korea, which Sc Kim ii-zonz's territory, Ito will be encircled by Kim
114.16az sr"' face zraduel dedig"te; and that oven if South Korea was
liberated by the People': Army, if ha returr:ed to South Korea, he will,
somehow, have more
The Central-Polite Co---;ttco of thocKorcan Labor Party then
44
was called, at which tine, non-Political Conitittoe mentr, Ch'ce
Yong-con, Minister of Cofer-e, also, its pr.:tont. Kim Il-cong
or:plain:A the situation and pro:to:tr. cited liberation of South Korea
by the People's tray. Pak-Hon-yonz and 'Pi Sumz-yep discussed their
t
apps-oval. Other Political Co=ittere nettoretarely approved the proposal.
At tha Defense :inister Chsce Yo-en, in reply to inquiry for his
voiced hin spositlen ond ,s
IL
0 view:jack:Li what would happen if the operations did not ,well as
predicted by Kim Ii-r.onz ahd the US Forces intervened. Kin Il-song
,
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di". cot Lars an/ data to cen?.anc.... C., c-
of
Yl Sunz-yeo then stronly Yeng-,;on
suported Yi Sun:-ypo's v4ows. Trd.ic-ily, the Kia fl-con: and Pah
Hen-yang rastions were screed c.% th. prevoeation of =7, although
: 'they harbored different drsas on war.
Kim and Pal: Kon-yon- ord:::cd tos)orary? cenfinenent tb
Ch'oe Yong-7on, ani Cares was sus:;nLe.a :ron his position as the patens()
Mini,Fter ani relievad of his Aray coaaand.
Lamadiately after the eacsrzak of war, the People's Ar; y tr.:apt
over South Korca with a crushing .7orce. flSang-yop was invested
with fell pawers and dispatched to South :ersa. Kiss Il-song and
t'ne area in .
'Ho Ka-i separately Inspected om cecupicd by the
P.c.:plots laav. Pak Kon-yong, hawaver, Was confined to 1:orth Korea and
Could not go over to South Xcras.
D. Pnj1vr1 of W-r r-d gn--.-"ca of Fi-v::w-:ibilitv
tee lenient in their analysis
of the situation.
Early in 1950, Cheiraan Cennally of '7'te US-Sernte Foreign Relations
Cezaittee stated that the US lino of defense in the Far East.= Japan
ond the P,yukyu Islends. Secretary of State Acheson,-alco, issued a
. .
sisallar stateacnt.
? ..Kia fl-con:, thus, calculated that even if :lorth Korea occupied
South Korea by force, the US will pretsst only dipleaatically and will
-
not dctualay interfere. Yorasvcr, he.thought that even if the US did
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k? , ?
(1%47 .4/
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intr:cre- by force, if Couth 1:oroa could Le- occupied vitbin 2 t;:cha by
blitzkrieg, it yeuid bo a fa't acecrliaani tha US wculd not attonot
landing in Senth Kora: w:lero there) woro no bridgeheads. Thy problen,
thus, was a tac", -1 o-'2 e--7,3t'.-T or not South Ere: could be occupiod
within 2 wool:a by blitairic: tncticc.
Pak Kon-yon was r.accori view;eints and assorted that
since 200,C0 r.en:2ers of the Scuta :or-a-: undercreund
in South ::oreat the pooplo of South Koraa trill all ba aroused to action
as coon as tho People': hr--.7 want
Kin il-sonc's staff, thus, drew up plans to occupy Pusan an::
Eto%pyo within 2 tack:. Then thora arrivad in :oroh Eoraa ono division ?
and one ratizzant of 1:oreana Cron which had caincd fanc by
porticlpatinc in Ccenunist China's do=stio wars twice before April
1950.
Whentho war did-bre:I: out, the US innediately called a nootiz;c
of the U Socurity Council, ,and adecision was =ado to dispatch U:1
troops to Korea.
/ ThO.Pooplo'o inc-dictoly captured Seoul according to thoir
plan of operations and ..e.:he;: ante Taejon t:hero the 24th Divizion wee-.
was annihilated c4ornic::t and :::jor General Dean was catured. Tho
?
progress up to tha ce:Ituro of Taejon was according to plait., but plans
vent awry Cram then. 1,
Tho sur?riso.landinc fre..z thy Plo:-an.:: arc: to attack the rear of
the South Korean Lrmy foti-d, and Sync:;an Khoo was able to re:arca:See
his units in in tho roar:rat.,
?Ecgrr
c. Cf/
_
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- k ?
7/ ? t . &tr.. 4..
Cj.4.i(,) r'1;4...ep?te
?
: _ - . . ,
Ne+3.4 *4fru. 41 ?
4
Tho weaheat p it in the P-cple's ...se its tr-ncr.or'e. Alti.cuzlh
aaasu7erebility it3 - b"t-:--i-z faction, frazspert
in the People's tra: carl;s. The forcca
were scattered to c;-'n an cztznalve titan seut:1 c2 '2asjon ond the
lack of forces becaae obvious.
Tho US hald the cor-z.--n.:1cf tha air, and obntractod operation:
and tranaportation of the Anry the dey.
The Pao-plait Arny's schedule:1 ccrotior.al period of 2 wac1:t uns
already con:- hafore ths Pc.c.ple's r-rzzr could enter Syn,r.:an ah2C13
MO.St ipottact rear area: of Sh:Lle. MyecicZt_ns..do.
People's uprizinz to help Sin .11-eonz did not ilatorialioe anywhere
in South F.orea.
Before the outbrealc of worD in il-zent publicly announced that,
only Syn^ran abse and oicht oncr top loader.; of South Koren will be
punished, but after South Korea wLo actually occupied, he arrested
any ono who had cooper:a:cod with the Ense
Another error Sir Ilan:: Lode was in rIncalculatinz that since
the People's t-r2 vas the revolutionaL7 Lr.c, to free the pcoplo, the
people will voluntser to cupp%y provisioan. The People's tray, thus,
C=43 south with onlyit:capons cad nanunitienc, td rec.,':?!a?oned
provisions locally. The war =nth: of Jute, July, and /Aucu:..t, however,
were in-the off season period and ferzerz did not have any foodstuffs.
Fame r3 rsfuscd to cooperate in t on of focdstuffn;and
urban dwellero bacon to coaplein of foci ahortece.
SNMFT
'Jr t.
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.
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?
The offenmito by,the US Force? began in the oidet of 'such m
t 7 tnc, r:S Frocen landed mt Inchon tn cytt off the rear
,o: tbt Peopic4n 42,4. About 50,000 of the Poople't Ansemain
'forces were captured and about 50,000 wire killed inaction. The
100000.104n main? force of the People's Army, trained for 5 years by
Kim Il-song, thus, was destined. Kim Il-song had to flee to Manchuria..
Kis Il-song's image as an unbeaten, le4endary hero disappeared
and he was regarded by the people as a tyrant driven from his throne.
His prestige Lou. Kim Il-song, however, was able-to'return to
Plyongyang with the help of the Chinese People's Volunteer 42147-
As Kim Il-song's prestige fell among the massee,?eirsilaril,y,
it fell among the cadre? of the party and the government.
Kim 'Il-song, in order to put the blame -on someone else and regain .
hie prestige, set up Mu Chong, corpsto:m=1er . an the,
? acepegoat. Its Chong formerly was an artillery cemmander in the Chinese
Commnnist Army, and oe ? general, had a long record of active service
on thirChtna mainland. ,
During a defeat, when A regimental commander disobeyed a is:10=4dd
and tried to flee, Hu.Cliong became angry and shot him.. Kim Il-song
1186a this ineident inn excuse to get rid of lei Chong, who vas close
to Pak Non-yong, and relieved him of his duties and imprisoned him
on the chargne that bin action* were those of a military Clique. Mu
Chong died in agony in prison.
minister of Internal Affair., Pak Il-u did notsppreve of Kim
? MORE'.A
Ste-RE2,
4;
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11-ceree treata.....nt (if Chonz. this t::..tve, Pa:: 71-'4; at the
rcqueat of tha ?-:21o1a .tr..y, was' da:outy
at tha hcadcaart.ra of Jcz. Cotooni. (Con=ander
was ?on? Tc-:j.) _ oc.ly .:o*:...an to have rraduatcd from
the Cont:...al S.:hcoh of tha Chfz.1-a Connist Party, and
was trotad Cain-zo Ccoist authorities.
Eiso 11-ocaz, tha 73.-ut z close tics :.:?-oh the Ch:,-.cse
f.rzy, oplooLsted him to - poot of Kinistor
of Postz Ccr=aninationa.
tricd to place tha for 1.-ar on Chcn5 and
Pak 11-u, but ho rot 7-sd to ia7ute tho var.
rozponsibil.ity to :Pak Eon-ycn2.
E. Par-:: cf Pr!: Hon-
Thcra wan no Lon-yon?-::::oula not :?;;;;o.co ova:
Kjz 1.1.-zonzin and hit loos of con.fidonco a=c; thc waczoo..
The :c:' cS7:- Cite, 11;:c7onc,
Kim linc-btt, SLta-ton
roo4dence. l':hanovor thcy mot, to.
al? ?tat- to
problone anci criticicr_:: of' n
doubtful, hot:over, ...hothor they ecnz2arod to over thro:: the IC.;-....11-sona-
coverr.a:ont by fors::: tho ...roc of the South Koro:-t pc.rticanoi, to
tho Kim Il-sonc Faction elairodo
Tho Faction plottcd in various wrzis to shift the -
1
62
spoRpa,
/
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a.?.
4
4v4.
44,4 _ A-U114 I ;kr
"i 440
rtn:ponsiblaityro:: nnr to Pal: Kira Chicnccn,
and :inn Col-;ya natfs,ly in Lf.4 -6-tanz nacrot
conspiracy.
't
K4M f4"'Ct :77.1e to t!..-J Politicti
t
Cct=ittc-c to ::ar that tha.-..2 1:'a 24"D,CC3 members of the Seath
Korean Labor Party in Scut:: X)raa there will he an aprizins
. wkon tho People' .tr.:y co there. Kim 1-1-sen: concluded that Pak Eon-yons,
'inder or:It.rs frc.1 tho US, la.z.zeitted to ral.)ollicuo act 'and deceived
tho party to dostroy? the party and tko cauntry.
hl-zon: and hie croup dec-;T:toly that thora ;:az to
that Pak I.:on-yen.: wan an lmorieat.cpy. at a =end Point,
thoy Cce.1cd that Pak Ron-yon3. an hit h:nchmon zot at Pak Zon-yon:ro
ireaCdcnco, overthrcw tho Ki a Il-tong Cabinet,7.nd foraad tba Pak-Hon-yona
Cabinet
at fcllowz:
Praa4or
Dcputy Premier
Defence-::dnittor
Fen-vanc
-- (florth Korean iato-
Pak asn-yenz Faction)
-- 1:La Unc.-ain
Internal tffa4?: Sunc-won
Education Einintor L- Y"on
Laaor Minister (In Japan, retained to
South K3I'Ca in winter 190) .
Chief Secretory, Central
?arty Yi St:nc-ycp
Prior to the arrcat, the laa "" Proc?'"atol.o
Ii I
Conoral Ii Sung-an draw up the draft of the in:iztent containizz
tho chart.= to abovo.
1
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1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5 ?
. .
sunz-yep, -tray? arrested, and Pak
'Hon-y-01-4'; at pita.
U.-co-1;4a ? te Ma. ? arpi near. the
38th Ptyorcyan:, recaivad the' no;:o
about t incident end .f.i.cd durinc tho niz:It. His ttheircabouts io
unknotm. -
Chico ronz-zon, tho actoi the jc.:;-a of the spatial
court, handed do?-ra the der.th.2enalty for
Pak lion-ycas, Ii. Sur.z-yee, ri Cho 1.1.-n.yonz, Kin 1?-za,
Ii Suns-c:on, Pao Ch's,3?, Soi Ch,cnn?-?.:41:, and Pack Hyonz-a-.:cn; 15
years 1.-77.ricor--:er.t for run Sur.-al arr, itpriaorzent for
Yi Wonz-?lo.In .
atleition, the perzonalities waro pursed 'and
? c:rpolled for boloa:-in; to the Hon-you-4s Faction but without, harizs
tny cor.r.oction *...ith the co-aellod cpy coca:
Chu I:yens-ha, forr.ar vico ch2itfl of the Corth Korean Labar.
Party
Chang Si-u, -IG:;::- :Zzir.:.tcr of C:17.7.74:.co, 1.7.=Sor, ilorth Kwroan
Labor Party; death ecntonco
Pak Il-u, foriPr Mitieter cf internal Affairo and Minister of
Coeuninleotion.o, =mbar, Merth Ecr.:an Labor Party
Xim Choc....i.r.ten, Deputy Ministo'r of Liff.lt Induatry of Lic::ht. -
Industry, menberm South Ears= Lalor Party; cuieido
K4t fl-aanz-cu, Deputy Itir4ster of Cernrco, mer.:ber, Sauth
SEeker
t.
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,
r'ry...ert%
L'oryari Ltrzor .istrty
C7.rntr.7.1 Cc=ittoc,
c.orze.n Ser.
Hi-aan;, yice 2....:efeetriontea naceciation
and chair:ain, Can.on:a. Coapen.tiver Oc..nizretior, Cco-etittatIL. ?
g'rrrr p2puty Liati-tar ae' Culty.flr and Prai:usazda
Yi chenc-car
ch'c- uty :Cinis.:eo: of ductic.e
to chr......t
1'4) Chin-huan, :71.e: of r- ;:ro'lth
P-s-bin, the Aoader?7
addition to tho abcve, :r.DC-t Cf. the dcpurt=ant and ceation
:ch:-ofe ef:tho.centri party, :auo:=er..tr, te:d socia; crzanicatit=
iwora.pu.crod and tho o2fioau- Of the,sauth :co.u.az Labc: Pa..,iby bine.
in the Kozoan.Labor utea oats Wcrth tl.*.;, Kim'
Li-con:fa aehiai .fer the tf.a.3
we Itoc4hcd apreaiilly 2:ran the Soviet ee ctrouzthen
tho toraan Labor Party., bccauoa he uar.. ia
organinotion and ainizilstratian in tha Koraaal ::aurenaraarac Distarict
Ho ahd.otherc tho oai?eror:
.-
ho liboration of Korea wa: duo to the role playa:: by the cra':ict
.sPET
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Is
?
Sore= Lrfc.ot Party
deputy ci -star, CLe'r.2 De-Jartnant Central Co=ittec,
?
?
:tar Party; flarfaar,
vol,ationarcO: S'1?pert Association
and chaiflin, Con.=ira Ceipo'r-tivo Ocnnisatio CannfLttee
Hi- 0-can:, oa't ar4 Pz.tf...1 'a
fnatAce
Oh's-
cf tha :croan in'aclasy iM WZOCG".1
Hnon A:foots:Ls: to Chinn
0 Chin-hran, Deputy Lztc of r-ablic Haalth
Xin
Ur..'-bin, diroztar af the :n7:an: Acadc=y
711 -,14?4,-.:1 to tho aba72, nsat cf the dspartnont and sce-?ion
chiefs of the central part?, :2%nrsnent, asS neeial creaaicatiszn
core inn:gad and the offis:.r- cf the Scnth ::eraan tal.er ?aky iina.
in the Soroan Labar ?.ary onto Lth thir,, Sim
fl-sonzanbition thc;
I.
"cr,rr in
Ho was (14apatehod fraa tile Soviet Union to stronzthcn
the liorcan Labor ?arty, becauso. h2 c:ttericnc. ts.;
organisation azd ii=ar'"strat:,:n tho' K022-n 2istrf_dt
in the c--e-"
Ho Ha-i aSd other .:1-20 came fror:. the Sevist U-ic- '' ' t'at
liberation of Korea ca duo to the role playoS by o?-
SFOZET
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No, ? :
?
14.k.- - - -44. tre? t- .
? dit 0 $6,-
44,4-tif3,416.- .5
- ?k, '-??'-e- ? ? ,:c, .41,1'132;Ci4:-.2--j.itkr sts.:S.-bo _:%, .11,134.? ta..:,...:. ,Citi ..
? 4 . 4
?.? ... ' ?
h""e11?"1-- , '.......".....---44-
44. -it . .??????? al...
'and l?t.t. Kjal itson..; tad net contritutti any to th2 :ore an
bolicvad t's-t yin 11-so a..: was, :..21-elya rolsOt. Th:y,
r-Laanadd Kim 11-aon's soil' pss?az:-.ada tat ha CO tho ono who 11-jeratc4
Onco during tha defaLt an iaa Ks:canUm HO anzarai and
dississcd o: a-song1itt who Yns cccL::r or the
?Posolo's Andy Cultural pc:part:sent (Poi_ .. . 1 :_..art?s.nt), talon Y.ie a
Sled leat-ing.his troop bahind on t:aio csenos that :a: could not fight
without planes. This ineident.tns the cause of the Kase Il-Song direct
line's socrat hatrad of Ms
Mi Ka4-1 f..CZOr'-..C3 end secretly urged.
Pak hica-yonz to hi va.ao uit.kaut hzsatation, telling ha=
? bost
that ho was the ono who knaw/tho.astuaI citusticn in arca. ?
Mo Ha-a and Pak lion-yon;, considas-aag /she special characteristics
Horaa, attespted to mako case novisaon of the Kin fl-con, lino. This
around tho autnsn of 1952. Llnan the, fl-con; Faction found
cut about it, :o :a-d vas transferrad frau tho Party v4co eraAr-,n
to Cabenot-Vaco ?raea*r to rasovc bintho Palacy front -nd
assign hdat to suntszssent ef the Coaetractica faeld. Fran this tino
on, o Ka-i and arsons 'pc:an to oppose, cash other openly.
Mo nz-a disided to 0v:orb:a:at: an 11-song ard tO hZ.V0
sesvotl:, contacted Pa.. HonLyong.
ac'53 oseurr.dtho purge insidost of-Pak Ezn-:ang anill Sun-';c7.
/ *
.hh*.t at tes:o .tha 33Aiosy Seated ?the 1: :r-.';jr located
SECRET
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
tw,
.14
f
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.?S
r's
- ? .
? ? - ,
.;:lb.zu 20 1-K1c=tot Itccth clPty;k:yLt'? pfleCe
Ch:17,2 of mpair wtrk of thiS Lad Hottor7o4r. Tho?Chin::s.
Pcoplo'z Volcor Arj, tlse, pd..-licinat::: in the t,pair =1:0 Sincol
'tho of -or'-r: for tha did rt t co :nil, co:T.:plaint:
C=3 fro'i the. Chinc:e Army. Usin: this as an exviae, Ki Il-con2
to hold v. to attaez,do ?
Since
Ho Ea-i was i= a :tato of .f.:01-ition ts,p-also Pak Een-yon; alroady was
arrostod, he shat.h7.:..:slf to dcat,h in his ;;-ast tsforo the =sting
v.s to bo hsld. Althouch cuiciz...s all toe scon,
thiz 11---?,^r4 1.-s for a 1on3 tenr.attcd with tho Chiang-DI: .
incident.
SECRET
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' ?
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,
co
714.5 -
?
cyt
let.-2ccd and
thosc title
Pat: it Ls .; t
.-a-.;o7:2 tedur.trve ti..c.n call cd the perfiz..y acrf7rcz:-.
?
ar.d tr;e:: %Le oe.raica? aro-r.A
fattier:. Tha eerier:el the uhe 1:o.eth-Sceth
Jct
Labar Rezty ree.:tly P-rnty
alcol ttctptc tita plateorz
tradLtLon2. cfhSc raval..Itic=ry
Leatut the.: C,:rcee of ti:3 SCeiCt Ur: CZ:
tk.Cad,
A. in..71vert.o.?-2 23'' crr. -1 i--. cf Stlin
}a:a n1=ye.
Stalin. Fa believc StL.1f.... to 1:c.th..areratcet.and,tho ccrra.ot
in tha world and trie:: to :2.1::t peo2lo belevz.; co, toe?
he purccdh ccraradc.: ''Sc,
. the
air of calf -ilr.)01?4?=e3 the euro off2a,f.:7j.Caal..
as beinz scrrcet; thia leccf-tion, Ki-:. ?--
c,-.?.21 ;;:-jttaity's? ty?t:-V, '...a-afachev's ---
St:alin at the 20th ?arty remz'..., the int?isible
, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 :.CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5.
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
As/ V.
?
,
.?
tro?
l"r4 dibC?
. Co,,;
X?; lo:fl bit;
aa an cp:Ya-aL:tt...- of tha :oraem 'olecd-ztainci .haaie.
1.-.021e 0-
"Ol:va-ac "Ci.,-e ea te eat ans
.frezdom to ap.-:alet"
. Thee:: middle-elaa.; or _ did not have to t:arry
'too much about .eatinc -?Yrc: Lam te cpeal; fri:olyz," :fano
the peverty-otrichsn braar; z...::: atrancly demattled: "Fraciorato
? eat 1`....a -:"
The tap lc:C..7:a of the F...La 11-cons Laotian 1:erts placed in a
dilc=7.1. If thay did not folio:; the, rhruahchev line they emrald
oppezias the imtarnation2.1 licj, and if they follc.:ad. the il:traahohav
line, than ;man a dancer that?their political tteur uatlict dieintezrate. , ?
Thus, they tried as much aa possible to....id? tin am: IC..ruchehav line
and barotad the ateracuneco:ent of amd
thSrrtad to the theme that "Staa.ilt tmto rraat an t2-.at ha tmea the
benefactor of the Sorear. They could te-lo z::- the Sorazn
liberation am thz achicycnent of the.Soviot?r..e.e?"ie an a t:hole. The
fact that they ccmaider it a: the ;:.`61tio..-cmeett of Stalin e.lone verif4e4
the fact that ?a:tt. 1-1-:enz Poctien ha:15.ot charted its ideolcz;
of the cult al the amal.-cidunl.
B. Th4rS F.e.r:.:.n
Tho broad maaJ.mvtad'the party =mbar: in cencral empected great
chznzas at tht Third B..ty Caa;racc; either that.FLt II-cerz yill
SE0RRT
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+
"?
* oit-s: ? :4 r :7: '-o.'"?.;, c4- -.C.+ ;Ail.'" . :`
'4:7L43"-- - '''X'Yts. -S''' cra,A4,...444y.:v
.. .
teN----9,..?!..i4:: .,t,,,,A.Ais2...`""rt- r - n4.4 ' ....,/ tl. re ?
.2. it. ,,,p.i,...,.t.4....c: -0%.!?:--,.Thr-lik'..., c?C4I'''''''' -17:t-C---1-.7
.., .0..;# pe?-:?-ws .0-4....-......,?Q
. ?mot, - ? '
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
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- ) ?
-
ac.bat 1,,,t tnd n-1Z-tecien and rafor_, or
should-or rce7enendldt; and
nt thte party cc.:z2a.te, Il-ecnz Faction still
cce.tinueC to y,raice th-e::_elves and le;?c-j? eLtrflt
in
everythinz anti that th, 7-h r. :?:tj %:ore the evil ones. Thf...n;
thts, imeutod 311 C4U1::.; t3 :t Een-yon', tfrich could not
cis? a robuttal.
it-,rt_e. Jere c:Ice.epc.:Aated.
Menet:yea., in tha election of the Central Cc=f1t.ttes mez?lire, only ?
7 or less than 10 percent of the 71 =fere were allotted to the
mezthere from the South Karen
iiecontont 01.7.1' the ahaensIc:o attitude of Il-eenz bean
to a2::aar'even ea.:3: the te:, offiefeale 'etre cocperatinz .e?ith
Xj Ii-conz. nedoet scholar and elderly chain:an of
t'e Suercez Pzeple,3 (preciCcnt's level), sizhed cetd Ferried
about the future of the ceuntry.
Lae.: Il-conz] op St; Pah :h1=-ehrol and Chenzo_ , nzr:.-;ers
rc.ttc
of his cm faction, as chalet:an cC t Centra'J Cce,e.itt:0,09 the
party. Everyone thoo,ht that fren his haelcround Chloe Ch7ant3..
uculd hoeceee vice chair:Ian.
Stettin; aelde, Sgr, C4, C..on_ di-zyozz had ne'record of.
revolutionary novonent prdor to the liberation. he we.0 oarely an eficn
orhcro inn nine and ha17ed the c=cr re::21oit the =Levers. Pcctic,
thus, thtrezht it toe early for to beenee a vice chairnan.
Chloe .to could not becene a vice chairaan, and Pak Chranz-ck,
?
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Ii
?
bccc...na ma2t
D.
Kim . -----------------------------
-- h tha Par'Ly Consross,
and he coanad ta 1.ava f:r ths hsin?_:. Ho calctiated
.2, wort tho.
that all ha had to do ntm ma: tt :o .fara:d and cat etonomie assistant.:
and civo them to t.b.1 pample to suyi?r:ss their diseenttntient. Immodiatoly
after the Party Conn.:so, Kial Il-son: :::nt on a bs:sar's tour of tha
Sovict Union and the East Ears:nun He t:ant.to Poland and
Eun:tary and asked for ocontmic ' causo thesa
ctuntries thonzelves did not have any cc.:--.3.7:Lo ,,zocvo'.
Hvon the Soyiot Union meraly warnoiKiai fl-sonz to carry our
economic raconstraction sy the country's Ctril po::ar, and did not shot.,
any i:-.42cation of civinc further conomic aid to Ioroa, because it
was faccd with complicated- pre...ii:ms in Ea.:toth Zurtpo. -Kim
cpknt more than a month tourinc Lst 2.uroc.an countries and camo home.
onptY.-handed. His Collura in this trip place the anti-Kinll-song
fadtion in an ad,:antac.:ous position.
D. Joint -a- nf n'zt Chits Chisa7-ih ard Pah Chran-oh Croat:
to Ki-1 32/-stn.;
Tho Chico Chtz.n.::-.0: Faction and Pah.C.:1n:-ch of the So-:ict Faction,
who bora antipathy toa:ard the Kim Il-son-7 Faction's monopoly of ho
SECRET
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5 '
)3?":
?
g ,
1-PW-
'iltrtj
t
U..3-1.r hands ta
tLo party dad 3nt to..3n of.t3t4on.
f311C;.i4r.:: rar.,otta rootivntsd.ChTo:
and Pa:c Chionc-c!: and ot.:-,,yac to inunc? on. anti-Kin fl-on z oasvan3st:'
1. Internationoty, it.f vc:24"-S-od Stalin at tite,2Gth
of tho nod tho ault of the in:lit:ids:a.
. In 1Loui3 counto-.U.:a.? olno, anti-party lc:der:hip
rovaltent 'oacun, to ftr.t_tonatdo-ol atr33phore ad./ant:co:cut
to the CIt'os Chianc-ii: and Pa'.: fa31,-;ons.
2. Dont?stically, foi1u-23 tho Koraza Itor
droppcd- tbD pato:Acts c2nfidonco in id, to to 10::cct
3, 71-.c. end of 1:--,7-11 ..:C1:71::C.4 the. of tho
vat-tion: procautionat7 C=?_';;Cncy days.
? Dospit3 cr.,I :c3d situation bocaoto t:crole and
tno pooplo youttod Ln
..1.1.:15 V:43 cf.:unto fo.2 tita anti-Kin TI-conz
and ?al: Cittanc-31: itado
all pro:-.?w-tions. had a r.r3o)occo of racruitins about on: thit-d
of th.:
C.. .:.a1 , ani n' etntral ccrotdtto2 filontna
favo:2ably? thy could onz thinci Of tho noutnal
1_11:171:, a total of tua thiraa of
In ak:?iition to c.1-:?:-.1-..2it'.;; th: CO tile
t'
SECRET
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.? ? ? \
A
(
?
'et - ? et* a-tz
,
-
ca.\
-
;
ari
t.? ? At.
s ?
Lato=a111 t::.! do
Plyon,z..a.a; to havo - 11;-..njt 2aiit'2a; to thc Soviat
Cav..J..a.to;nt and tr'oo to c:....:.,- tho C.o7arnn=t's cur.....ort of
r:f:7.:0 Ft: c.%01 WC:7C 'e.throu:h
Yi &Inc-Jo, Forcan to ./no 'aolon:od to thoir facticn.
Ch'co Chlancr cf tho Ycn-an Faction also,
contectcd China:a A=bascador'to ?1yonL.van: and h:d him repor'c Ei
11-scn:': fnaurc to tho ChLn:ao covornnont.
On 22 Luzuat 1956, tho Central Co=Lttco picnum tno..1; held to hr
Ki = Tl-acinz's roport on his trip abroad. Ir_acdiataly after Ki= II-zongla
7.11-r" of Coaa=cc? startcd a specah attaal74,-.2:
Fir 1.1-ro-.1:. -'fr 71 Ch'oc Yonz-fror.
Faction, to 1-:now about t:to :novo: of Chi!: Chlan?-i': and Fa:: Oh'ans-ok,
into-'---4 forco with Yun TLD aootinz 1:ao throun
Into utter ccnrusi.on whorl slaniora and crLtior.a.a: t:crc c=han:od
botwocn tho Il-con--Chrco Yor-zon trici to ato7'
Yun 1:0n3-hunzto. Ch'co CY:n:2-.7.h Faction,
which trice, to h:ve tho-n...coch Sinco lunch hour caza,
tho =octin.: wao.roacond to to continuo:: f.a C.ft==Cno
:ton and So ihri, and TC. ?td1-:= Pln-hyun rotorocd
to thair ho-z fo lunch, thay fota'd thLf.o' tot:.ohonc wiroo wcro cut
ant thzda-pornaanl actanotdloo woro ta:nn tho thrao
ittiteiy w:nt to tha haao-of :::- t.y:otcr of Culturo
? and Propazanda,an:: flcd into thLna cn autcaabilc by way of
. SECRir
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i Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
I-
I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
_SSnutilz-
jo4nt 7.1". 0: Ci'et Cbt22z-
tn4 GoTenc'-e.f....1.-1
Yor.:-;:on bocnuon:
hcrotororz then). ndvor '.2do? tion bnch_n direct tpon agzinct
. ?
connoctid te? i,roidont er. follow::: ?
1. Ch:C.c (Ion-nn Poction)
Ch'oo Chtar.z-f Lerdtr'oy Prdr.i.er)
Him Tu-bonz Prdzieium of the Suprcea People's Aozenbly)
.??
Tun Horr7-1tum (ianioter of Co:.naree; fled to Chino)
Hui (Chairmen, Korcin 17oierotion of .Trode Union:a:3 fled to
China)
1:71. P'11-t 1149.1-..,.yo2l (Chief, Inductry Boreait
fled to China)
Kim l(onz (Duty Z:indotor of Culture nd Propezenda; fled to
Chine)
Ho penz-zi (Choir edo ProvinciftiPart Committee).
...chnnsflyonz-oan C,norol, Pcopielo Arey)
yi ?u-min (Chaireen, Einzyonz ::ondo Provincial- Party Committce)
Pth Ti-hun (Dircctol-, ;?0,-onn :.'a?tY)
2. Po!-: (sovit Poetien)
Chron:-;-L (0c:raty
-P2 U1-tt (Doputyyn.nLz..)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
kj
4
3.00%4,4;4
; tw ?
. t
tar lc 7, . : 9
44,4 -45
,y
?
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rjartY)
Ki Sol:-toh (D.,Lre __44tLaa. ar;:m:at,. Eor:an Lator Party)
Chon Ten-hyo:: (naptrty -La.:a-Ler o2 7o:
Chcac tAlcc reftirrod to as Chtns hteh-neh) (Chief
Korot-China d:lczate to the Panmunjen a27Lctica-cenforonc0)
S,-jo (Ar to the USSa; fled to the USSR)
The persons ah4-.vo tmr.7r purjn-I cr removed from office or
have rlod the country rfl,t1u1n7 fre2 thLa inaident.
6acead Sntr:n: 'can"
Oa 29 Auguai4 1957,. the cecond eleoton of the deputies of the
year
Supromi People's Atac::ely heLd, 1:h1eh -etc ::th/after the i':;rst.
olcctian on 25 Au-ust.19ha. Tho eta,stftutica - that a general
olaction he held every h year-. Eu.Inf; thia 10 y,4-1- pet-icd,
of couree.cauld not be held hecauee of :.ar, but there 1:az bode
roasen. The narth Ecroan Cot ion stir:al:tea a govara7-,t of satire
Ker-a. Thus, in ta firat cL:ction in 1914e,
in South not ?
election ;:t hz:lti.by/the South Kora-i ZS.= Party, which roc/directly
undor the Eerth Kortn ra:sint. Ao a roeult of this undorz.:reuad
olcction, :ora than 30 dapatita ttra cltatcd from South Korea, takias
over majority of tha :eats in the 2-47,r_...; 2:eplo's Lc:ant:lye
The -4' 4"ca, wea n.r.4atly eheajo. frt.: that in 19146.
SErIRET
?57
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 :-CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
".1
/
?kt.".:4 ,
t ? 1.-7k. ' a. SW44,
--rf "7 ? " - ? - ft.p.
' ?
.It?" 'At
...Lie ?
7ter .4 ITV 1.:?
%-e 14 ? dr ? ',no. 2,7
? -
????? ? 7
Wit:1 aidon ?arty
. 640
?
,1%.r::;c.j.. if dopttios
elected fron Scut:. not Ica_.;Loly.t.... 4.:Z.Z dilann,
. The clectioa
, yds dclo:.d, faaally, South I.;:craa
riven up and the election was held only aa north Kora. It in not
'known hex this neeneistaney...thi the Constitution we: razolvcd, but.
cyan in for:" it baaocce a coca-:c:;ien Tho Pak Fien-yenj
Fcctiot Cf ctu:x:0, was ca:_pleteli eliclacated in this designated-
candidate election.
In this C1C.CtLC.f.2 no en:to:stn.: candidate:. Only one
ane votes %a:re placed in a white (for) or
black (asainct) hox. Since thore xac no facility for secret balloting ,
ar/ votos placed in either tha :.::ate dr black hax could be obeerved,
people wore afraid to cast their %at: ej or.position in the black box.
On the election .day, cyaryene wac/ra4xL,I up ho.-.:f.nnl.;%:: at Cc500 hes=
by eA-2-ai:trati:c diatridt: and :lactic:: district- and forded to veto.
Since :oartable ballottin:: boxes ware hrocht to dick in loci, no
one could abstain :con votins. Evan not, ahont 2 percent ahotain_d
'
and one percent voted in e.:pscition. Lordottr, election propacande
poster.] were destroyed dd-Cin,..; tin ni:ht Ly anti-covcocrdent .
elements In various leceiCti_c. It is cuestionatia what will ba the
rc:ult:if free ;ct.berai. cloor..ion ac conducted in free count:.--;60 is held.
SE fTET
ga
Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13 : CIA-RDP80T00246A064800250001-5
. .
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/13: CIA-RDP80T00246A06480620001-5
Jt-S
...... by uo:71.1:c:
' Do._ otis nativu i%nction .
(u hi-hycr, !..stiont (Chloe Chian:':-4k,
T11-1.0.:), Soviet !?ct'on -