INDUSTRIAL AND TOWN INFORMATION ON THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A063400020001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 98
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 29, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

50X1-HUM
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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains Information affecting the National Defense of the. United States within the meaning of th
18, U.S.O. Secs. 793 and 794, the transsnisston or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized pe
S-E- C- R-E-T
SUBJECT Industrial and Town
Information on the USSR
REPORT
DATE DISTR. 2.1 June 1962
NO. PAGES 2
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
a. Industrial Enterprises in Leningrad.
RD
Two pages.
The report includes information on the Central Boiler and Turbine
Institute f/n I.I. Polzuno], which designed
boilers for atomic installations, such as nuclear power stations
and nuclear-powered vessels.
b. Radiotechnical Factories in Minsk. Seven
pages. The report contains information on the Minsk Radio Plant,
Radio Plant i/n Lenin (formerly Molotov), and a radio engineer-
ing plant with a plant number
c. Rakhov Paper Combine and Town Information fN 4+8-03, E 24-1],
Ukrainian SSR: Seven pages and sketch plan. The
report includes some information-6n the tawri"of Rakhov
and a detailed description of the paper combine.
d. Hydrometeorological Instrument Plant in Riga.
Seven Pages and Sketch plan.`;
e. Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory; Industrial'and Military
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Information on'Riga. I I-Fifteen pages and two 50X1-HUM
sketches. The report includes some details on Plant No. 85
which produces aircraft parts. the military information consists
.of short' descriptiotis of a' sul5matirie school and a school` for air
force political officers.
f. Cellulose and 'Pap
er' Combine 'at Segezha.
S-E.C-R-E-T
STATE ARMY X NAVY X AIR
III!
REWRIWAVOW113 10 UT 0 W67 M31 ~~~MVAOKWNIXIIAIXZOW MO
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g. Industrial and General Information on Stalinsk and Vicinity.
Thirteen pages. The industrial installations
reported on include the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine No. 1,
Machine Building Plant No. 526 (reported as a secret military
plant), a. military plant at Prokopyevsk and one near Kiselevsk.
h. Uraltytrubstroy Lonstruction Trust7 and Industrial
Plants in Sverdlovsk. Eight pages. The
report includes some details on Plant No. 8 i/n Kalinin,
i. Industrial Plants Construction Trusts, and Personalities in
Sverdlovsk. Eight pages and sketch plan
of Sverdlovsk. The report includes information on Turbo-
motornyy Zavod No. 76 and Plant No. 8 i/n Kalinin.
The Voroshilov Agricultural Machinery Plant in Tashkent.
Three pages. During 195i, the plant unaerwen1 a eomp.Leie
reorganization and changeover from the repair of electric
locomotives to their production.
. The Electric ttocototive Factory in Tbilisi.
1. General and Industrial Information on Temir-Tau.
Six pages. The report includes information on the
Kazakh and Karaganda Metallurgical Plants and the synthetic
rubber plant.
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ATTAGNMthT-A
. USSR (Leningradskaya Oblast)
SUBJECT
1. Zavod Proletariy, located in the Viborgskiy Rayon of Leningrad,
manufactured insulators for high-tension cables.
2. Zavod Lenstankolit, a foundry located at 7 Mineralnaya Street,
produced bases for metalwork machines which were manufactured at the
Sverdlov and Krasny Proletariy Works. The foundry also had a department
which produced tubing for lighting installations.
3. Sestroretski Instrumentalny Zavod Im. Voskova (Voskov to.,I.
A
factory) produced metalwork machines, drills, and cutters for milling
machines (frezy).
Institute (Tsentralny Kotloturbinny Institut) /probably
the Polzunov Institute; located on Sosnovka Street, had a
is
dLtfl f .. a. {._+~.-... ..~... ..
9 E~ 50X1-HUM
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Industrial Enterprises in Leningrad
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had been a design engineer until 1953.
department which designed boilers for atomic installations such as nuclear
power stations and nuclear-powered vessels. The institute, according to
hearsay, maintained close contact with the boiler factory in Podolsk#
(Podolskiy Kotelny Zavod), where/Mikhaylovich Sholkovich,
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USSR (Belorussian SSR)
JJ
1. Radiotechnical plants located in Minsk were Zavod Im. Lenina
(formerly Racy Zavod Im. Molotova), a numbered plant on Moskovskoye
Shosse
Zavod.
and Minskiy Rado 50X1-HUM
2. The Lenin factory, the former Elektrit Worke, was transferred
to Minsk from Vilnyus in 1939 with all equipment, technical-admin-
istrative staff, and workers. Until 1950 the Lenin Factory was
a civilian plant subordinate to local authorities of the Belorussian
SSR. When the nature of its production was changed in 1950, the
factory became subordinate to the All-Union Ministry of Communication
Equipment Industry (Ministerstvo Radvo-tekhnicheskoy Pro shlennosti
SSSR.. When the Minsk Sovnarkhoz Was established in 195 , the Lenin
1 50X1-HUM
Mffl u Iq
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factory became subordinate to the Sovnarkhoz in manpower and supplies
but continued to be subordinate for production to a special
electronics committee in Moscow (Kooitet Po Delam Elektroniki), a
new body established in 1958 apparently within the framework of
the Ministry of Radiotechnical Industry.
3. The Lenin Factory was located on Prospekt Stalina in the quarter
popularly referred to as "Komarovka" and employed almost 2)500 people
in 1959. In 1950 the machine shops (mekh. tsekha) worked in three
shifts, the primary processing shops (zagotovitelniye tsekha) in
two shifts, and the assembly shop (montazhniy tsekh) and regulating
shop (regulirovochniy tsekh) in one shift.
4. The plant was expanded after 1950. Construction of a three-story, 10 x
70-meter administration building was completed in 1956. The former
am ministration building, a two-story structure, in 1959 housed
a restaurant on the first floor and offices on the second. No
new buildings for production department had been added since 1950.
5. The Lenin factory occupied an area of 300 x 400 meters, bound by
Prospekt Stalina (buildings of the production departments), by
Bondarevkaya Street (new administration building and an adjacent
two meter-high board fence), and by small streets and board fences
on the other two sides. The entrance gate for both vehicles and
pedestrians was on Bond.arevskaya Street. Another gate on Prospekt
StaMna was usually closed.
nnr
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6. The Lenin factory had the following buildings:
a. The building of the former furniture factory, 30 to 1+0 meters
long and 15 to 20 meters wide, served as the plant's carpentry
shop (derevoobdelochniy tsekh).
b. The main building, 15 x 20 x 100 meters was constructed in
191+0 and held most of the production departments. The
maciztne shop and punch presses shop (shtampovochniy tsekh)
were on the ground floor, and the primary processing, assembly,
regulating, and loudspeaker production shops were on the other
floors.
c. The administration building, built in 19110, burned down during
was
World War II and/later reconstructed. Sonn of the administration
offices were located in this building before the new one was
completed in 1956.
d. A single-story, 20 x 25-meter building housed the toolmakers
shop (instrumentalniy tsekh) and the galvanization shop (tsekh
galvanizatsii).
e. The single-story steam plant (kotelnaya), approximately 15 x
15 meters, had the only smokestack on the site, a red brick
structure about 30 meters high.
f. A wooden hut, near the railroad spur entering the plant,
served as a raw materials warehouse.
7. The Lenin Factory received electric current from the general
network by an underground cable.
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8. Production items consisted of the following:
a. Until 1950, only three models of radio sets were manufactured:
Minsk R-7 (R - radyola, 7 - number of tubes) Minsk S-, and
Belorus 13.
b. From 1950 to 1957 the plant produced only Belorus radio sets.
9.
From 1957 to 1959, it also produced 11-tube radio sets of the
Druzhba type. In 1959 it produced only the Druzhba, which is
a design of the V.E.F. plant in Riga.
the Lenin factory manufactured appli-
ances for military purposes
10. The numbered radio-technical plant was located about two kilometers
from the city limit, on the northwest side of Moskovskoye Shosse
(the highway to Moscow), which was a continuation of Prospekt
Stalina. The plant was built after World War II and began operation
in 1952. It occupied about one square kilometer and was surrounded by
a brick wall, the plant's output, which
Ifor military purposes, because none of its products
had been seen on the civilian market.
11. Construction of the third radiotechnical plant, the Minsk Radio
Factory, was begun in 19+9; it began production in 1951. Located
at 5 Krasnaya Street (which branches off Prospekt Stalina, crossing
Dolgobrodskaya Street) between Zakharova and Kuybysheva Streets,
it occupied an area of approxinately 200 x 300 meters, surrounded by
a board fence about two meters high. The plant could not be expanded
because the site was enclosed by residential houses. The main
entrance for pedestrians and vehicles was on Krasnaya Street.
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12. The Minsk Radio Factory mass-produced radio and television sets for
the civilian market. Until 1957 it produced monthly 4000 to 5000
10-tube Belorus and abcat 7000 7-tube Minsk-58 sets; it did not
begin production of Belorus television sets until 1957. After
1957 the monthly output included 2000 Belorus combined television-
radio sets in addition to the Belorus and Minsk-58 radio sets.
The sales price of a Belorus radio set was 1350 old rubles, and the
production cost was 1100 rubles. The sales price of a Minsk-58
set was 1300 rubles, and the production cost was approximately
950 rubles. The multipurpose Belorus set sold for 2400 rubles,
which was more or less equivalent to the production cost.
13. The Minsk Radio Factory employed nearly 2500 workers, about 50 of
whom were engineers. The machine shops worked in three shifts,
the primary processing shop in two shifts, and the assembly and
regulating shops in one shift. About 80 percent of the workers
were women; no men were employed in the assembly and primary
processing shops.
14. The Minsk Radio Factory included the following buildings:
a. The toolmakers shop, in one two-story and two single-story
structures of a former tool factory.
b. The main three-story building, about 15 x 70 meters, which
housed all produclon departments, such as punch presses shop,
machine shop, assembly shop, and g,lvanization shop, as
well as all administrative offices and a warehouse for finished
products.
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c. A new three-story building, about 15 x 60 meters, which housed
a carpentry shop and a small department for p$pJation of plastic
parts.
d. A small building with a metal chimney, which served as a steam
plant.
e. A wooden hut, which was a raw materials warehouse.
f. A wooden garage.
15. The Minsk Radio Factory received electric current from the central ne--
work by..?an underground cable, and the transformer station was near
the plant's main building. The plant was subordinate in all
respects to the Minsk Sovnarkhoz, offices of which were located
in Government House (Dom Pravitelst) on Prospekt Stalina.
16. the following personalities at Minsk Radio 50X1-HUM
Factory:
a. Mikhail Yakovlevich Kutser had been chief technologist since
establishment of the plant. He previously had been chief
engineer at the plastic products factory in Minsk. F__~
b. Benyamin Natanovich Pumpyanski had been chief engineer and
designer since the plant was established. Until 1950 he
had been chief engineer of the Zavod Lenina plant. A
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c. Veselov (fnu) had been director of thetechnical inspection
department (O.T.K.) since approximately 1955. He was formerly
employed at aircraft repair shops of the Minsk civilian
airport. A radio engineer by profession
d. Abram Yudelevich Vlodarsky was production manager.
e. David Lvovich Yudelevich had been director of the plant since
its establishment. He previously had been director of the
a
Zavod Lenina plant. An engineer-economist and/Very-good admin-
istrato
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: USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
Rakhov - 1. The Paper Combine
2. Town Information
Rakhov IN 48-03, E 24-12/, a district center, had a population
in 1958 of about 6000, of whom 80 percent were Hungarians and
the remainder Ukrainians, Russians, and other nationalities.
After 1948 the town and vicinity were no longer considered a
frontier zone (pogran zona), and traffic to and from Rakhov
became unrestricted. During the Hungarian Revolution in 1956,
there was a strong unrest among the Hungarian inhabitants of
Rakhov, several of whom displayed national flags. The Soviets
checked the situation by means of arrests and deportations; a plan
Gttuui 1
Excluded from adWiatic
downgrading and
declassitication
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was said to exist to transfer all local Hungarians to places in the
interior of the USSR.
2. Kossuth Street, the main thoroughfare of the town, was stone-
paved and was the center of the entire built-up area. Most of the
houses were single-story wooden structures. Almost all government
offices, public institutions, and places of entertainment were on
this street, including the R
ompartii, the Rat/polkom, the movie
theater, and the cafe. The district militia office was near the
railroad station. There was no hotel in Rakhov. Ukrainian was
the language of instruction in the local ten-grade school.
3. There was no bus transportation in Rakhov. Every hour an inter-
urban bus left the station on Kossuth Street for Uzhgorod /N 48-37,
E 22-18/, and every hour a bus arrived from Uzhgorod. The
Rakhov-Lvov passenger train left the station daily at 2300 hours
and the Rakhov-Kolomyya /N 48-32, E 25-02/ train at 1520. A
railroad bridge, 150 meters long, over the Tisa River, was
situated north of town. It was reconstructed of reinforced
concrete after World War II. A Frontier Guard detail was posted
permanently at the bridge. There were no other military units in
Rakhov.
4. A large part of the Rakhov population earned a living at the paper
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combine, the town's chief industrial enterprise, which began
production in 1956. The lumber and wood processing industry
provided another source of income. The town had a sawmill
which employed about 30 workers, a wood-cutters artel (artel
lesorubov) which employed several hundred workers, and a few
other small artels.
5. The paper and cardboard combine (Rakhovski Kartono-Bumazhny
Kombinat) was subordinate to the Directorate of Paper and
Cellulose Industry in Kiev. Rakhov was selected as the site
of the combine because it was surrounded by dense forest and was
close to the Tisa River, on which the timber could be floated.
In 1958 the plant employed about 1800 workers, of whom
approximately 60 percent were women. The combine manufactured
building cardboard (stroitelny carton) used for insulation against
sound, heat, and cold. The average daily production was 12 tons
of sheets, 25 mm thick and one by two meters in area.. The plant
also produced approximately 18 tons of wrapping paper (obvyortech-
naya bumaga) a day. From waste material it manufactured boxes
for shoes and butter, pocket diaries, writing pads, and files. A
cellulose department was under construction in 1958 in a building
150 meters long. On *M completion of the department in 1960
the plant staff was to be increased by 200 workers, bringing the
total to 2000. Two 25 cubic-meter-boilers and two millboard
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machines (pap-machiny), with an estimated daily output of six tons,
were to be installed to process the cellulose.
6. Principal departments of the plant were the following:
a. The machine shop, which occupied a single-story brick
building (40 x 150 meters) with a tile roof. Two machines
produced Aline tons of paper a day, and two other machines
produced six tons of cardboard a day.
b. The pump shop (nasosnaya), which was in the same building
as the machine shop. It had two pumps, each with a capacity
of eight cubic meters per hour per machine (or eight centrifugal
pumps - tsentrobezhniye). It also had eight water pumps,
two of which each had a capacity of 10 cubic meters per hour
per machine.
c. The pulping shop (defibryorny tsekh), which was in a 25 x 50-
meter brick structure with a tile roof. The shop had five
breakers, each withdaily output of 120 cubic mters of pulp;
two separate tanks for mixing paper and cardboard, each with
a capacity of 20 cubic meters; and two reserve tanks with 20
and 40 cubic meter-capacities, respectively.
d. The dehydrating shop (proparochny tsekh), which was in a 25
by 40-meter building. It had three boilers, each eight
meters high and six meters in diameter, with a capacity of
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12 cubic meters, operating under a pressure of four
atmospheres.
e. The bark peeling department (tsekh koro obdirki), which
had one peeling drum (baraban), 16 meters long and 9
meters in diameter.
f. Vehicle repairshops, which had 12 metal orking machines.
All of the plants machinery was of Soviet manufacture.
7. The power station of the plant had two 60-kilowatt generators,
fueled by coal brought from the Seletsk mines near Lvov. The
station supplied stream and power from the plant and also produced
current for domestic consumption in town (Rakhov had no electricity
before the combine was put into operation). The station was in a
building 25 x 30 meters, and 12 meters high, with two smoke.
stacks 40 meters high.
8. The plant occupied an area of approximately one by 1. 5 kilometers,
was surrounded by a wooden fence 2. 5 meters high, and was
served by a railroad spur from the Rakhov station. In the combine
grounds were a network of narrow-gauge tracks, two locomotives,
and 10 trucks.
9. Ivan Filipovich Zakharov, a Russian, had been 50X1-HUM
director of the combine since its establishment. He was a Party
member.
10. Borozdin (fnu), a Russian, 45 to 50 years old, had been chief
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engineer of the combine since 1958. He worked previously at
the Lalov paper mill (Lalovskaya Bumazhnaya Fabrika) in the
vicinity of Kharkov.
11. Attached are a sketch and legend of Rakhov.
Comment. 50X1-HUM
The Rakhov paper combine was described in 50X1-HUM
as a cover for an ammunition factory.
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Legend to Sketch of Two Plan of Rakhov
1. Wooden bridge over the Tisa River, 12 to 15 meters long and
wide enough for two trucks.
2. Rakhov railroad station, a single-story brick building, with
foyir sets of tracks.
3. Paper and cardboard combine.
a. Machine and pump shops
b. Pulping shop.
c. Dehydrating department.
d. Power station.
e. Railroad engine and carriage repairshop of the narrow-
gauge network in the plant.
f. Single-story building housing plant offices.
g. Area for storing timber.
h. Cellulose department.
i. Main gate of the plant.
4. Road to the Rakhovskiy Lespromkhoz.
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: USSR (Latvian SSR)
The Hydrometeorological Instrument Plant
in Riga
1. The Hydrometeorological Instrument (Gidrometpribor) Plant
was located at 87 Lachplesha Street in the Kirovskiy rayon of
Riga, about 200 meters from the Riga central passenger rail-
road station. A small plant, it employed between 500 and
550 workers, about 25 percent of whom were women, in two
shifts. During summer months (April-November), work at
the plant began at 0700 hours, while during winter months it
began at 0800 hours.
2. When the plant first began the manufactu3e of meteorological
instruments in 1945, it consisted only of an old three-story building
and a small, single-story building, the latter of which had pre-
viously been used as a garage. The plant was enlarged in 1951
and, by the end of that year, constituted seven buildings: the
O JP I
Excis!zu from automatic
downgrading and
tinclaeci~icofinn
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old three-story building, a new two-story building built on the
same area as the other, and about five small, single-story
buildings, all of brick construction with tin roofs. The entire
plant occupied an area of about 100 square meters, which was
surrounded by a board fence about two to two and one-half meters
high. The fence had one entrance, on the stide facing Lachplesha
Street. No railroad spurs entered the plant area, which was
guarded by civilians who were armed only at night.
3. The entire ground floor of the old, three-story building was
occupied by the galvanization shop. On the first floor of the
building were the machine shop and the management and admin-
istrative offices, while on the entire second floor was the
assembly shop. The new two-story building was occupied by the
control department (byuro proverka), which tested the various
instruments (under various climatic conditions, temperatures,
etc.) manufactured by the plant. TIis department occupied the
entire first floor of the new building. In early 1953, the ground
floor of this building was still empty, but it eventually was to
house the punch press shop. The five remaining buildings
consisted of the punch press shop, which occupied the former
garage, the paint shop, the machine repair shop, the finished
products store, and the gatekeeper's lodge. A small closed-in
transformer station was situates sear the finished products store.
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4. The plant was equipped as follows:
a. The punch press shop, which employed about 40 workers in
two shifts, was equipped with six 15-50-ton mechanical
presses, of which two are German-made and four Soviet-
made machines, one Soviet-made 150-ton hydraulic press
for plastic materials, one "guillotine 'cutting machine, and
one electric welding set.
b. The machine shop was equipped with about 15 Kerger-type
German lathes for work pieces ranging in length from three
millimeters to a maximum of 200 mm., two small German
planing machines, one of which was vertical and the other
horizontal, two German thread-cutting lathes for small
screws (vintoviye avtomaty), two German gear milling
cutters (zuborezniye mashini), and three or four small
Soviet-made drills.
c. The galvanization shop was equipped with three polishing
machines and about three or four small baths.
5. The main products of the plant were the followingthree instruments
of Soviet design, which were manufactured primarily for meteorolo-
gical stations:
a. Instruments for measuring temperatures at various altitudes
(Radyozonty or Vysotopisy), which were produced at the
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rate of about 1, 000 per month. Until early 1953, the plant
manufactured instruments of this type which were capable
of measuring temperatures at a maximum altitude of
15, 000 meters.
b. Moisture measuring instruments (pribor ulazhnosti - PV),
which were produced at the rate of about 200 per month.
C. Thermometers (pribor temperatury - PT), which were
produced at the rate of about 200 per month.
6. The plant also produced such side products as taximeters, at the
rate of about 200 per month, and lamps for domestic use.
7. The Hydrometeorological Instrument Plant was directly subordinate
to Main Directorate for Hydrometeorological Services (Glavnoye
Upravleniye Gidro-Met. Sluzhby) of the Council of Ministers in
Moscow. The central stores of this directorate, which were also
located in Moscow, supplied the plant with all its raw materials,
including ferrous and nonferrous sheet metal, nonferrous metal
8.
rods ranging from 0. 5 to 4 mm in diameter, and plastics powder
/sic/. The finished products of the plant were also sent to Moscow,
some for the domestic market and others for export to China, Poland,
and Rumania, among other countries.
Gidrometpribor located in the USSR, in Moscow, Leningrad,
50X1-HUM
there were three other plants called
and Tashkent respectivelX "which produced products similar to
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those produced at the Riga plant. The Moscow and the Leningrad
plants manufactured the same instruments as those manufactured in
Riga, while the Tashkent plant manufactured instruments for
measuring depths, as well as a primitive mechanical device for
determining wind direction. The Riga factory, however, was
thought to be the largest of the four plants.
the following officials at the Hydrometeorological
50X1-HUM
Instrument Plant in Riga:
a. Vorobev (fnu), director of the plant from 1945 (when the
plant was established) until 1949, at which time he was
transferred to the Main Directorate for Hydrometeorological
Services in Moscow.
a
veteran Party member. 50X1-HUM
b. Fedor Romanovich Mayev, director of the plant from 1949
until 1951 and former chief engineer at the plant (from 1945
until 1949). In 1951, he 50X1-HUM
was transferred to the Producers Cooperative Directorate
in Riga, where he was employed as chief engineer until
1957.
c. Igor Mikhaylovich Vclokhovjskiy, director of the plant since
50X1-HUM
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1951, chief engineer at the plant from 1949 to 1951 and,
previously, director of the technical and planning depart-
ments of the plant. A Party member,
10. Attached is a sketch-layout of the Hydrometeorological Instrument
Plant in Riga, with legend.
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Legend
1. Lachplesha Street.
2. Entrance to the plant.
3. Gatekeeper's lodge.
4. Old three-story building.
5. Repair shop.
6. Paint Shop.
7. Transformer station.
8. Stores.
9. Punch press shop.
10. New two-story building.
11. To ulitsa Stolbovaya (about 50 meters from the plant).
12. To the railroad line, which crx sed Lachplesha at a point about
100 meters from the plant.
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10
C~ 9
cu-a
~-a 5
~1 0
L
.
r- ,j
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COUNTRY : USSR (Latvian SSR)
1. The Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory
in Riga
2. Industrial and Military Information jti Riga
The Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory
1. The Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory (Rem. Mekh. Zavod
Latvenergo) was located at 1-3 Saarema Street, Riga. It was
subordinate to the Latvenergo Area Power Directorate, whose
offic is were on Aldari Street in Riga and which was responsible
to the Northwest Main Directorate for Power (Glav. Sev. Zap.
Energo) in Moscow. The factory employed 1400 to 1500 workers
in two shifts, and 60 to 70 percent of the workers were Latvians.
Approximately 12 percent of the factory employees held adminis-
trative positions or worked in clerical and auxiliary departments.
2. The principal administrative positions and departments were as
follows:
a. The director, to which were subordinate the design
r GROUP I
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
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department, the accotL ng department, the personnel
department, and the capital repairs section.
b. The deputy director for administrative affairs, to whom the
supplies department and the administrative-economic
department were subordinate.
c. The chief engineer, to whom were subordinate the assistant
chief engineer for power station repairs, the chief
mechanic's section, the special products section, the
section for products in series production, the technological
section, and the technicological control section.
d. The trade unions chairman.
e. The secretary of the Party cell `Both the trade unions chair-
man and the Party cell secretary drew wages from the
factory, although they were engaged in full time work with
trade union and Party matters.).
3. The production departments of the the Latvenergo Factory were
as follows:
a. The repairs and machine shop (Rem. Mekh. Tsekh) had
about 15 machine tools of various sorts and maintained the
Xactory equipment. One part of the shop, called the "tool-
makers' group" (Instrumentelnaya Gruppa) produced molds
and dies.
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b. The machine shop (Makh. Tsekh) had about 80 machine
tools of various types for making components for the
factory products. It employed about 150 workers.
c. The fitting shop (Sleasrno-Sboroghny Tsekh) assembled
the factory products. It included a forge and a paint section.
d. The inductors and transformers shop (Tsekh Betonnikh
Reaktorov I Setevikh Transormatorov).
e. The oxygen shop (Kislorodny Tsekh) produced oxygen for both
factory use and for sale to other factories.
f. The consumer goods shop (Tsekh Shirpotrebak made lamp-
shades and table lamps. It had a galvanization section.
g. The shop for making inspection stands (Ispytatelniye Stendy)
for controlling current consumption began production in
1956 and made three or four stands a year. By 1958,
inspection stands had been supplied to the Moscow and
Leningrad power systems and to the central laboratory of
the Ministry for Peer Station Construction.
4. The repairs group (Rem. Gruppa), one of the most important
divisions of the Latvenergo Factory, was originally a separate
entity called Latvenergo Remont. Annexed in 1956 by the
Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory, it included the following
shops:
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a. The boiler shop (Kotelny Tsekh) for the installation and
maintenance of steam boilers and their accessories. Among
its 240 employees were the permanent maintenance crews at
the Riga State Power Station, the Riga Thermal Power
Station, the Libava (Liepaya) State Area Power Station, and
the Dvinsk (Daugavpils) State Power Station. The shop was
also responsible for the maintenance of the boilers at the
power stations of the paper kombinat in Sloka. the paper
mills at Yauntsiyems and Ligatne, the Bolshevichka textile
kombinat in Riga, and the hydro-electric power station at
Kegums.
b. The Turbo-generator shop (Turbo-Generatorny Tsekh) for
the installation and maintenance of turbo-generators at the
same power stations listed above and at power stations out-
side the Latvian SSR. It employed about 60 workers and,
unlike the boiler shop, did not maintain permanent crews
at the power stations.
5. The Latvenergo Factory produced the following items:
a. Repeater switch apparatus (Apparaty Povtornogo Vklyucheniya)
for use in substations - 12 units of various sizes per month.
b. Three KW reductors (Universalniye Reduktora) - 100 per month.
c. Inductors (Betonniye Reaktora) for use in sub-stations -
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40 to 50 of various sizes per month.
d. Magnetic switches (Elektro-Magnitniye Klyuchi) for use in
sub-stations - 250 to 300 per month. Two types were made:
a complicated switch operated by remote control and a
simpler type with on-the-spot controls.
e. Simple time relays (Rele Vremeni) for use in substations -
40 to 50 per month.
f. Coupling boxes (Soedinitslniye Mufty) for connecting under-
ground cables. Each box weighed 50 to 60 kilograms and
was produced to the order of the Stalingrad and Kuybyshev
power stations. The Taganrog Boiler Factory (Taganrozhski
Kotelny Zavod) supplied the castings for the coupling boxes.
g. Exhaust fans (dymososy)
h. Ventilators (Ventilyatory) were made only to order and were
not in series production.
i. Laboratory instruments, such as tweezers, tongs, and
funnels.
j. Lamp-shades and table lamps in large quantities for the
consumer market.
6. In the fall of 1958, the Latvenergo Factory had completed the
prototype of a simple manipulator (crosteyshiy Manipulyator) for
executing simple actions in laboratories where danger of contamin-
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ation by radioactivity existed. the manipulator
50X1-HUM
consisted of two levers (Rychag)
about 80 centimeters long, pivoted on a common axis, with
clamps (Zakhvaty) at one end of both levers. By the end of 1958,
the factory had already produced a number of manipulators for
test purposes. In the fall of 1956, the factory had begun to make
a pair of mechanical arms (Mekhanicheskiye Ruki), which were to
be able to duplicate accurately the movements of human fingers
and to carry out more complicated actions than a simple manipulator.
The arms were to be attached to the arms of the user and had been
designed for use in atomic reactors and laboratories. The arms were
to be about 1. 5 meters long and to be fitted with fingers at the
extremities.
7. In 1958, electrical furnaces to cast lead plates were installed at
the Latvenergo Factory. The plates were to be of various sizes
and thicknesses
8. The plans for the expansion and development of the Latvenergo
Factory called for the abolition of the consumer goods shop in
1958 to make room for the production of manipulators, mechanical
arms, and other instruments for atomic plants and laboratories.
Additional space for the production of these items was to be
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gained by the dismantling of a small packing plant adjacent to the
factory and the use of its buildings and compound, as well as the
annexation of other adjacent areas. In 1958, an experimental shop
(Eksperimentalny Tsekh) was being established to test the items
which the factory produced.
9. Among the factories supplying components to the Latvenergo
Factory were the following:
a. The Taganrog and Poldolsk boiler factories supplied
commutators (Kollektori)
b. The Osipenko factory in Stalino supplied pump components.
t`. The Stalin electro -mechanical factory in Leningrad
supplied~Kapy'/sic/for generators.
d. The First Moscow and the Kuybyshev bearings factories
provided bearings of various types.
10. The management of the Latvenergo Factory had been in disagree-
ment with the Latvenergo Area Power Directorate about the
field of activity in which the factory should concentrate. The
directorate held that the factory should stress repair work in
the power stations, while the factory management preferred to
concentrate on production and abandon its repair activities. The
dispute had not been settled by late 1958. The factory had also
experienced difficulties in obtaining a steady supply of cast
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components and had often suffered from shortages due to erratic
shipments; however, its suggestion that a foundry be established
at the factory was rejected.
11. The products which the factory manufactured were of good
quality, and complaints from customers were very rare.
12. the following officials at the Latvenergo 50X1-HUM
Factory:
a. Meir Doych was director of the factory from 1946 to 1958, 50X1-HUM
b. Aleksandr Mikhailovich Fedosov became chief engineer in
1958, prior to which time he had been head of the turbo-
generator shop. He had also served formerly as director
of the Liepaya State Area Power Station. He was
la Party members.
C. Libman (fnu) became director of the technical repair group
in 1956, prior to which he had headed the repair service of
the Latvenergo Area Power Directorate.
d. Yuri Pesakhovich became assistant chief engineer in 1956,
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prior to which he had been chief engineer of the Riga Storage
Battery Factory. He was a Party 50X1-HUM
member.
13. Attached is a sketch, with legend, of the Latvenergo Mechanical
Repair Factory in Riga.
Industrial and Military Information on Riga
14. Factory No. 85, located at 8 Henri Barbusse Street, was sub-
ordinate to the Civil Aeronautic Administration. Among the items
produced at the factory were dusters (Opyliteli) for mounting on
aircraft, preheaters (Podogrevateli) for warming piston-type
aircraft engines, fuel tank (Benzobaki) for aircraft, stands for
testing the fuel and oil pumps (Stendy Dla Ispytaniya Benzo-
Pomp I Maslenikh-Pomp) of aircraft engines, and a device for
cleaning aircraft engines with the use of pits from various fruits,
particularly plums. In 1956, the factory employed about 800
workers. It had no secret shops.
15. In 1958, the Riga Railroad Car Construction (Vairogs) Factory
(Rizhskiy Vagono Stroitelny Zavod) was producing three or four
tramcars and three electric train sections per month. Each train
section consisted of three cars, one of which contained the engine#.
16. The production of the R. E. Z. Factory included engine and heat
regulators for trams (in conjunction with the Vairogs Factory)
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and Riga-55 washing machines for the consumer market. It had
about 2000 workers.
17. The V. E. F. Factory produced telephone switchboards of various
sizes and domestic radios, and maintained a design office which
dealt with radar. It had approximately 5000 workers. Informant
had heard that the factory's secret shops, which were reported to be
engaged in military production, were located on the site of the
former meat products combine which had been annexed by the
factory. Military vehicles had been observed at that site, where
it was rumored that they were being fitted with radio and radar
equipment.
18. The Gidrometpribor Factory produced taximeters and various
meteorological instruments. It had about 900 workers.
19. The Riga Factory of the Ministry of the Lumber Industry (Rizhskiy
Zavod Min. Lesnoy Promishlenosti) made electric saws, for which
it received motors from another factory
It had about 700 workers.
20. The Varonis Rubber Factory made various types of transmission
belts (ploskiye Remni), rubber hose for use as oxygen hoses
(Shlangi Kislorodniye), acetylene hoses (Shlangi Atsetelenovye),
water hoses (Shlangi Vodyaniye), and air hoses for compressors.
21. Factory No. 29 made repairs on various types of tractors.
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It had 400 to 500 workers.
22. The Popov Radio Factory produced domestic radios. It had
no secret production shops, and there was no difficulty in being
accepted for work at the plant. It had about 800 workers employed
in two shifts.
23. The Turbine Factory (Turbo -Mekhaniche ski Zavod) produced
small hydro-turbines of about 150 to 200 kw. for use in small
rural centers. It had about 800 workers.
24. The Krasn r Metalist Factory produced aluminum and enamel
kitchen utensils and such agricultural machinery as horse-
drawn dusters, seed drills, and potato diggers (Kartofelo-
Kopateli). It had about 600 to 700 workers, and its foundry had
two cupola furnaces (Vagranki).
25. The Etalon Factory produced analytical balances and simpler
types of seismological instruments. It has about 200 workers.
26. a school for submarine officers
(Uchilishche Podvodnikov) was located in Riga in the former
central post office. This was a four or five story building which
had been destroyed during the war and had been rebuilt in the
early 19501s. The junction of Riga's interurban telephone cables
was located in the basement of the building.
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27. A school for air force political officers (Voen. Polit. Uchilishche
Vozdushnogo Flota) was also located in northeastern Riga, near
the highway to Sigulda.
28. Attached is a town plan of Riga on which are shown the locations
of the industrial and military facilities.
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Legend to Sketch of the
Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory
1. Building (three to four stories high and 80 to 100 meters long)
containing the consumer goods shop, the instruments shop, the
plating shop, the inductors shop, and the workshop for repairing
the armatures of steam boilers.
2. Fitting shop
3. Boiler shop (supplies the factory with steam)
3a. Brick smokestack about 40 meters high
4. Two-story building containing workshops. Inspection stands for
power systems were produced on the first floor, and prototypes of
the manipulators and mechanical arms were made on the second
floor.
5. Administrative offices and club
6. Wooden storage building of the Latvenergo Area Power Directorate
7. Mechanized carpentry shop
8. Cafeteria
9. Garages for the factory 15 trucks
10. Machine shop, which had an overhead mobile crame with a lift
capacity of five tons.
11. ' Oxygen shop
12. Factory storage building (two stories high and about 50 to 60
meters long).
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 5nxl -HUM
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13. Shed for storing iron
14. Compound of a factory for readymade clothing which was dismantled
in 1958 to permit expansion of the Latvenergo Factory
15. Building which housed the dismantled clothing factory
16. Storage area for leather products of the Kozh. Zagot Siryo, which
was also to be attached to the Latvenergo Factory
17. Entrance to the factory compound
18. Board fences along three sides of the factory compound. The fourth
side has no fence.
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Legend to Town Plan of Riga
1. Latvenergo Mechanical Repair Factory
2. Riga thermal power station (Rizhskaya Teplouaya Elektro Stantsiya)
3. Riga state power station cRizhskaya Gosudarstvennaya Elektro
Stantsiya)
4. Factory No. 85
5. Possible school for submarine officers
6. Riga Railroad Car Construction (Vairogs) Factory
7. R.E.Z. Factory
8. V.E.F. Factory
9. Former meat products combine annexed by the V. E. F. Factory
10. Gidrometpribor Factory
11. Riga Factory of the Ministry of the Lumber Industry
12. Varonis Rubber Factory
13. Popov Radio Factory
14. Turbine Factory
15. Krasniy Metalist Factory
16. School for airforce political officers
17. Factory No. 29.
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sEcRET
16
10
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SAAREMA
1
SECRET
it
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P n~
uJ ~J
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50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1 -HUM
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/06: CIA-RDP80T00246A063400020001-5
: USSR (Karelo-Finskaya SSR)
K
: The Cellulose and Paper Combine at Segezha 50X1-HUM
Segezha IN 63-44, E 34-19/, a district center, was administratively
subordinate to Petrozavodsk. It has a population of 30, 000,of
whom about 90 percent were Russians and the remainder
Ukrainian exiles who arrived during and after World War II.
Segezha was on the shores of one of the lakes which formed part
of the canal (Belomorkanal) connecting the Baltic and White Seas.
In 1957 the canal was virtually unused and was of no particular
economic importance 'rSic 1,
2. The only industrial enterprise in Segezha was the Cellulose and
Paper Combine (Segezhskiy Ordena Lenina Tselulozno-Bumazhniy
Kombinat), which was established between 1935 and 1939, at the
time the Belomorkanal was constructed. The combine was
enlarged by about 40 percent between 1950 and 1955. Its timber
GROUP 1
Eatluded from automatic
downgrading and
- I - declassification
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depot (lesnaya birshz)received its entire annual supply of timber
via the canal and lakes, from about May to November only, at a
rate of about 5000 cubic meters per day. The cellulose factory
(tselulozniy zavod) was located about one kilometer from the lake.
Conveyor belts transferred the timber from the depot, on the lake
shore, to a department where it was pulped and strained (derevesniy
tsekh) and from there to the cooking department (varochniy tsekh),
which produced cellulose. After undergoing further processing,
the material was transferred to the paper mill.
3. Including the timber depot, the combine occupied a total area of
about 12 sq. kilometers, surrounded by a board fence. The follow-
ing buildings were concentrated in one part of this area:
a. A reinforced concrete building, 20 by 50 meters and about
eight or nine stories high, housed the cellulose factory. The
building contained pumps, strainers, tanks, pipes, and nine
cooking boilers for cellulose, each of which was about 15
meters high and six to eight meters in diameter, operating
at a pressure of about 12 atmospheres. Bunkers for storing
R
chipped wood prior to cooking were situated about the boilers.
The cellulose was transferred from this building via over-
head steel pipes to two pepper mills.
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 cnYI _uiJM
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b. One of the paper mills, an old plant near the cellulose
factory, was housed in a reinforced concrete building,
25 by 50 meters and three or four stories high. This
building contained five paper-making machines, of which
Nos. 2, 3, and 4 were obsolescent and had a rather small
output; No. 5 was a Hungarian machine which was installed
after World War II, and machine No. 1 was a new, up-to-
date one which produced about 35 percent of the mill's total
output. The paper made by the new machine was between
four and five meters Wide and was produced at a maximum
rate of 300 meters per minute. The paper made by the other
machines was between three and four meters wide and was
produced at a rate of between 150 and 250 meters per minute.
The factory had a considerable amount of auxiliary machinery
and equipment, including pumps, pipelines, about 18 to 20
cellulose crushers and a special semi-cellulose crusher
(pol-tseluloza) which was designed and built at the factory.
c. The second paper mill, constructed between 1950 and 1953,
was designed by the Cellulose and Paper Industry Design
Institute at 52 Prospekt Ogorodnikova, Leningrad. This mill
was located within the combine area, about 150 meters from
the concentration of buildings. It was housed in a stone
building, approximately 25 by 100 meters and about three
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 5nxl -HUM
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stories high, and was equipped with two~ paper
machines which produced five meter-wide paper at a
maximum rate of 200 meters per minute. An automatic
paper sack sewing department was in experimental
production at this plant in 1957.
d. An old department for s@roving paper sacks was situated
next tcf?he older paper mill. The department was housed
in a stone building, approximately 50 by 100 meters and
about two or three stories high, and was equipped with
about 70 electric sewing machines.
e. The combine also had a plant for distilling alcohol from
wood waste, which was housed in a four-story stone
building, approximately 25 by 60 meters.
f. A stone building, approximately 25 by 40 meters and about
two stories high, housed a machinery repair shop which
also produced spare parts.
g. A two-story stone building, approximately 20 by 35 meters,
housed the foundry of the repair shop. The foundry was
equipped with a steel casting furnace which was installed
in 1957.
h. A building approximately 20 by 25 meters and two or three
stories high housed an electrical repairs shop.
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i. A single-story concrete building, approximately 20 by 80
meters, served as the main spare components store.
j. A stone store building for chemical materials was
situated by the cellulose factory.
k. A stone building for storage of finished paper sacks was
also near the factory.
4. The combine had a thermal power station which supplied current,
steam, and water to the entire town. The main building of the
power station, which was alleight-story stone structure approxi-
mately 40 square meters in area, housed the offices, boilers,
and turbines, and another building was used for the processing
and serving of coal. The station had two pumping plants. Plant No.
1, located on the lake shore, pumped water to the power station
and to an underground concrete reservoir. It was a "first grade"
station (pervogo podema) and had three pumps, of which two were
operated and one held in reserve. Pumping Plant No. 2, located
by the power station, supplied water to all of the combine depart-
ments. It was a "second grade" station (vtorogo podema), also
with three pumps, of which two were permanently operated and
one held in reserve. In addition station No. 2 had two sets of fire
pumps.
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5. When the power station was established between 1935 and 1939,
it was equipped with three wood-fired boilers (made at the
Nevskiy Zavod Lenina in Leningrad), each of which had an
hourly output of 75 tons of steam at 32 atmospheres, 425 degrees
centigrade. The turbine house was fitted with two turbines (made
at the Zavod Im. Kirova in Leningrad, which was producing
marine turbines in 1957), each with an output of 12, 000 kilowatts.
During World War II, one of the boilers and a turbine were taken
to the Urals. After the war the two remaining boilers were
renovated and adapted for coal firing; in 1949 a new wood-fired
boiler, developed by the Soviet engineer, Pomerantsev (fnu), was
installed. In 1950 or 1951 a fourth (coal-fired) boiler with an
hourly output of 75 tons of steam was installed, and in 1955 a fifth
similar one was added. A 20, 000-kilowatt
was installed between 1950 and 1952, to replace the turbine taken
to the Urals during the war; in 1957 the power station had a total
capacity of 32, 000 kilowatts and was producing about 400 tons of
steam per hour. The average output of the generating units was
about 20, 000 to 22, 000 kilowatts of electricity and 240 tons of
of steam per hour.
6. The equipment of the coal processing and serving installation at
the power station was new and had been imported from Finland.
It included a five-ton overhead crane and a number of bucket
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loaders. This equipment and the
turbine were part of
a complete power station which the USSR received
under the war reparations agreement. The remaining equipment
of this power station was divided between a cardboard factory at
Zhidachov IN 49-23, E 24-08/and a paper and cellulose combine
at Mariysk /probably the Marisyskata ASSR intended7 near Kazan.
7. The Segezha combine produced kraft paper only for paper bags
(draft mishki), for cement, chemical, and other plants. The rate
of production was about three million per month. The combine also
produced wood alcohol and other chemical products, including
turpentine and soap (possibly detergents)4 and at one time it
produced different types of drugs.
8. A wooden hut factory, which was merged with the combine in 1957,
was situated outside the combine area, about 500 meters from the
perimeter fence. The three-story administration building of the
combine was also outside the perimeter fence.
9. The combine was located on the southern outskirts of Segezha
about three kilometers from the town railroad station, to which it
was connected by a spur. In addition to employees at the wooden
hut factory, the combine employed 3000 workers in three shifts
(0800 to 1600, 1600 to 2400, and 2400 to 0800 hours). It was in
operation continuously throughout the year, and only occasionally
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was production held up for a few days, for repairs to the main
pipelines. The sack sewing department employed about 500 to
600 workers, of whom about 90 percent were women. The power
station employed about 300 wokers, the timber department about
500, and the alcohol distillery about 100.
10. A plan for expanding the combine to twice its size during the
period 1958 to 1962 was in the final stages of preparation in 1957.
The plan provided for the following:
a. Development of the timber depot by installation of up-to-date
heavy machinery and by adaptation of the lake shore as a
store for timber throughout the year.
b. Installation of additional cooking boilers for cellulose production,
including one boiler for permanent (?) cooking.
c. Replacement of the four obsolescent paper machines with
modern up-to-date machinery.
d. Installation of automatic sack sewing machines.
e. Development of the power station by the addition of at least
two new boilers and turbines, of which one was to have an
output of between 6000 and 12, 000 kilowatts.
f. Construction of a new power station with two steam turbines
(sodo-plavilniye pechi) and two 6000-kilowatt generators.
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11. There were a few small producersV cooperatives and workshops in
Segezha. An 8000-kilowatt hydropower station was located
about 25 kilometers north of town on the Onda River. This power
station supplied current to a bauxite and aluminum smelting plant
(Nadvoidskiy Aluminyoviy Zavod) situated near the east side of
the railroad line from Segezha to Murmansk. Construction of this
50X1-HUM
four, .story stone buildings located in the town center. The town
was developing very slowly southward (toward the railroad station
where only small private residences were under construction.
had to be brought from the vicinity of Leningrad made the economic
worth of the enterprise doubtful. The inmates of prison camp in the
vicinity of the Onda River were employed in the construction of the
power station and aluminum plant.
12. The town limits of Segezha began at the cellulose and paper combine.
The major part of town extended northward, between its main
street and the railroad line to Murmansk. Most of the buildings
were single and two-story timber structures, with a few three and
the first stage had been completed, and production was started in
1955 or 1956, requiring about 30, 000 to 40, 000 kilowatts of
electricity. it was not known if the second stage of the
plant would ever be constructed, because the fact that the bauxite
plant was designed in two stages.
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Large stone buildings were being erected in the north part of town.
Central water and heating and networks extended through Segezha.
There was a telegraph office and telephone exchange, and a single
bus route connected the railroad station with the town center. The
main streets were surfaced with asphalt; the street connecting the
railroad station with the town center was surfaced with small
stones up to the combine, and in town it was paved.
13. There were no military units or objectives in Segezha. A small
civilian airfield, for air service to and from Petrozavodsk, was
located five kilometers northwest of town;
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ATTAC II L-
USSR (Kemerovo Oblast)
Industrial and General Information on
Stalinsk and Vicinity
Industry
1. In 1959, the city of Stalinsk LN 53-45, E 87-067 had a population of
about 350,000 and was highly developed industrially. The largest
plant in the city was Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine No. 1
(Kuznetskiy Metalurgicheskiy Kombinat Nr. 1), formerly called the
Stalin Combine, which employed about 100,000 workers in three shifts.
The combine was located in the center of town, in an area known as
Verkhnaya Koloniya, where it occupied a large site of a number of
kilometers. The combine was surrounded partly by a barbed-wire fence
and partly by a brick wall and was guarded by armed civilians
Hsu:,
f xcfatle0 fri l a_W downgrading and 50X1-HUM
declaaalficatioo
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(voyenizirovanaya okhrana
The management of the combine (upravleniye kombinata) was, 50X1-HUM
located in a four-story building at Ploshchad Pobedy (formerly
Plosh. Stalina), the main square in town. This building was the
largest in area in Stalinsk, although taller buildings of five and
six-stories had recently been constructed. Directorate No. 10
(Desyatoye Stroitelnoye Upravleniye), one of 12 large construction
directorates of the Stalinsk Construction Trust (Trest Stalinsk Prom.
Stroy), was permanently engaged in the expansion of the combine. The
Stalinsk Trust was subordinate to the Kemerovo Sovnarkhoz and constructed
industrial plants, particularly metallurgical, in Stalinsk and vicinity.
2. A long tunnel, about 600 or 700 meters, led into Kuznetsk Metallurgical
Combine No. 1 from a point about 50 meters from the combine's
management building. The tunnel ran beneath the railroad line that
connected the combine with the town railroad station (Stantsiya
Novokuznetsk) and consisted of a dual traffic lane with pavements on
either side. The tunnel served as the main entrance to the combine,
both for vehicles and for workers. Railroad boxcars escorted by
armed MVD troops were often seen entering the combine, but no
extraordinary railroad freight cars or vehicles had been seen.
a military representation (voyenpredstvo) was stationed at
the combine
3. Among the installations of Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine No. 1 was
a large thermal power station (TETS), which supplied electricity and
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hot water both to the combine and to the entire town. The station
had seven or eight 30-to 40-meter-high red brick stacks, similar to
the many other stacks dispersed throughout the compound. The combine
was said to require, about ten times more electricity than that
consumed by the entire town. In 1959, the combine had nine blast
furnaces (domenniye pech'i), two of which had been installed since
1957. The many shops of the combine included a refractory brick
shop (tsekh ogneopornogo kirpicha), a water glass shop (tsekh zhidkogo
stelka), and several rolling shops (prokatniye tsekha). During World
War II, the combine had comprised two military plants, Nos. 250 and
252 but, in 1946/1947, Plant No. 250
was converted into a consumer goods factory for the manufacture of
domestic utensils, beds, etc. In 1959, Plant No. 252 was still a
military factory and was situated in the northern part of the combine's
compound,
4. Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine No. 1 reportedly produced railroad
rails, construction iron (various extrusions), and steel bridge
underground departments, established in 1956/1957, which produced
unspecified military goods. These departments employed particularly
reliable workers who held special entry permits and who worked on a
different shift system from the rest of the combine, so that they
would not come into contact with the other workers.
one of the secret underground departments,
shop produced components
which were
assembled elsewhere, either atithe combine or outside.
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F" i d
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5. The second largest plant in Stalinsk was the Molotov Metallurgical
Plant, which employed thousands of workers
in three shifts. It was located about three or four kilometers
northeast of Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine No. 1, where it occupied
an area of one square kilometer and was connected by railroad spur to
a railroad freight station (stantsiya Sortirovochnaya). In 1959, the
Molotov Combine produced bridge structures only, from metal supplied,
on order, by the Kuznetsk Combine. (In 1957, the plant management
wanted to remove the board over the entry gate which bore Molotov's
name, but the workers had objected to the removal and the board had
remained.)
6. In 1957, construction was begun of a new metallurgical plant (Tretaya
Baza Komunizna) in the vicinity of Stalinsk, about 11 kilometers from
the city on both sides of the Stalinsk/Abakan railroad line. This
plant was scheduled for completion within 10 years and, reportedly,
would have an output about two or three times greater than the Kuznetsk
Combine. In early 1959, the plant was still in the first stages of
construction. An extensive site was still being levelled and, in
various places, the skeletons of the first buildings oould be seen.
Construction work on the metallurgical plant was being carried out
by three concerns: The Stalinsk Construction Trust, the Kuznetsk
Heavy Construction / rTusg (Kuznetsk Tyazh. Stroy), and the Stalinsk
donstruction Directorate of Abakan (Stalinskoye Upravleniye Stroit.
Abakana), which constructed the Stalinsk/Abakan railroad line.
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A secret military plant, officially called Machine Construction Plant
(Mashino Stroitelnr Zavod) but popularly known as Plant No. 526, was
cw
located on the right bank of the Abushka River in the 1 bochiy Poselok
Mashinostroitelnogo Zavoda quarter, about 500 or 600 meters from the
central town market (tsentraln~y kolkhozniy rynok) in the direction of
Kuybyshev. The plant occupied an area of about 1.2 kilometers by 550
meters and was surrounded by a board fence about three meters high,
topped with barbed-wire. Watchtowers were dispersed around the fence
but, in recent years, they had not been manned. The site, which was
guarded by armed civilians not unlike those at other industrial enter-
prises, was covered with tall trees and vegetation, and all access
roads were surfaced with asphalt. The entire site was spotlessly clean.
Pedestrians, vehicles, and anything else entering the plant were much
more carefully inspected than at any other plant in Stalinsk.
frequently visited by senior army officers
and was not connected with the Kemerovo Sovnarkhoz. The plant was
Plant No. 526 was directly subordinate to Moscow
but no naval or air force officer had even been seen
there. For camouflage purposes, Plant No. 526 produced small Pyoner
construction cranes with lifting capacities of '700 kilograms and building
plaster pumps (roztvoro nasosy). Its main products, however, were
military
Within the plant area, wooden crates
of various sizes had been seen being loaded by crane onto railroad
freight cars - the plant had its own railroad spur, rolling stock, and
switching engines. The average size of the wooden crates was about
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1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 meters, but some were so large that a two-axle
railroad flatcar could carry only one of them. All of the crates
were the color of natural wood and were bound by a number of steel
bands. Each crate was marked with an inscription consisting of
letters, numbers, and the name of a town. Among the town names
noticed on the boxes were Novosibirsk, Omsk, Magnitorsk, Moscow,
Prokopyevsk, and Kharkov.
9. Plant No. 526 had been enlarged and two new foundries constructed
in 19+9/1950. Each of these foundries was about 80 x 20 x 7 meters
tall. In addition, the plant had about nine other buildings housing
a forge (kuznechn4y tsekh), a steel foundry (stalo-liteyniy tsekh),
an assembly shop (sborochnty tsekh), a large lathe shop (tokarniy
tsekh), and a sheet steel //rolling mill, among other things. The
plant's rolling stock consisted mainly of sealed boxcars, which were
escorted to the town fright station (Stantsiya Sortirovochnaya) by
members of the plant guard.
10. A nonferrazs metals smelting plant, called Ferosplavliy Zavod, was
located in the Starokuznetsk quarter of Stalinsk, on the far side
of the Tom River. The plant employed thousands of 50X1-HUM
workers.
11. The Kuznetsk Cement Plant (Kuznetskjy Tsementni%y Zavod) was located
about 800 meters south of the Molotov Metallurgical Combine and
employed thousands
of workers. The plant produced
Portland cement (shlako-Portland tsement).
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12. A huge open storage site for scrap iron and other metals was
situated between the Kuznetsk Cement Plant and the Kuznetsk Metal-
lurgical Combine.
13. An aluminum plant (al~minv y zavod) was~ocated next -to -be nonferrous
d
metals smelting plant.
14. The Starokuznetsk quarter of Stalinsk contained seven or eight
coal mines, which produced coal for coking purposes. Many coal mines
were also located in the Kuybyshev rayon of the town) to the south
of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine. Among these mines was the
Ordzhonikidze mine, which was closest to the Kuznetsk combine and
supplied it with its entire output.
15. There were five prefabricated building factories (zhelezo-Betonniye
zavody) in Stalinsk, each of which employed between 200 and 300
workers. Two of the factories were located in the vicinity of the
Molotov Metallurgical Combine; one of these two, situated about 800
meters north of the plant, had produced slag bricks and had been
called Shlako-Blochniy Zavod until 1955/1956. Another prefabricated
building factory was located in the vicinity of Plant No. 526, while
two other such factories were located in the Starokuznetsk quarter,
not far from the aluminum plant and the nonferrous metals smelting
plant.
16. Industrial plants in the vicinity of Stalinsk, in addition to the new
metallurgical plant about 11 kilometers away, included the following:
a. Military Plant No. 605, which was located in Prokopyevsk
~N 53-53, E 86-1+57, at the northern end of the city on a hill
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called Tyrgan. This plant was thought to be more secret
than Plant No. 526 in Stalinsk. It was surrounded by a
fence three meters high, around which were watchtowers manned
by MVD troops. Plant No. 605 employed 50X1-HUM
military personnel only. A railroad spur connected the plant
with the Prokopyevsk station (Stantsiya Ushata).
b. A large coal mining equipment repair shop, called Rem-Baza,
which was also located on Tyrgan hill in Prokopyevsk, about
one and one-half kilometers not of Plant No. 605. In the
J
icinity of the repair shop there was a plant called Ugo-Mash-Zavod,
which apparently produced minin*quipment.
c. A secret numbered plant
was located in the vicinity of Kiselevsk C 51+-00, E 86-397.
The plant occupied a secluded spot about two kilometers north
of Stantsia Cherkasov-Kamen, a railroad station between
Prokopyevsk and Kiselevsk. It was said to be a military plant
employing soldiers and military personnel only.
Transportation Facilities
17. Two parallel railroad tracks led from the Stalinsk railroad station
(Stantsiya Novokuznetsk) to Starokuznetsk. The tracks continued
across the railroad bridge over the Tom River, at which point spurs
branched from the tracks to the nonferrous metals smelting plant,
to the aluminum plant, to Abagur, to the coal mines at Baydayevka,
Zeranovka, and Abashevo, and to the new town of Tomusa. The spur
which led from Baydayevka to Zeranovka and Tomusa was completed
in 1958. Also in 1958, a new double track (two lines) was completed
between Stalinsk and Abakariwhe..4 rich iron mines had been discovered 50X1-HUM
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sEeR1r
18. In 1957, construction work was begun on a large airfield about six
kilometers from the center of Stalinsk, in the vicinity of the
Abagur quarter (poselok Abagur) of the town
In early 1959, the airfield was only partly completed, but contained
a concrete-surfaced runway in use at
the only airfield in Stalinsk and
environs.
19. Bridges over the Tom River included the following:
a. A new railroad bridge, opened in 1958, which connected
Stalinsk proper with the Starokuznetsk quarter of the city.
The bridge was about one kilometer long, had a clearance
of six to eight meters, rested on three row's of 20 rein-
forced concrete supports, and had a superstructure of 16
or 17 steel arches. Two railroad tracks crossed the bridge;
only one had been in use before 1959? the other 50X1-HUM
line had not been used because of some structural fault in
the bridge.
b. An old railroad bridge which connected the town with the
Starokuznetsk quarter. It was situated some hundreds of meters
north of the new railroad bridge, was about 100 meters longer
and about two or three meters wider than the new bridge. Since
/-7
/the new bridge had been opened, the old bridge had been used for
vehicular, streetcar, and pedestrian traffic. The bridge also
had a steel -aperstructure, while its hardway was surfaced with
boards.
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SECRET
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c. A reinforced concrete bridge with a steel superstructure,
constructed during 1956/1957, which was situated about 16
kilometers north of the old railroad bridge and connected
Stalinsk with Baydayevka, Zerankova, and Abashevo. The
bridge was some hundreds of meters long.
d. A raft service, which operated about three or four kilometers
north of the new railroad bridge.
e. A pontoon bridge, which connected Stalinsk with Poselok
Abagur Burin
the new railroad bridge.
20. The main streets in Stalinsk proper included Prospekt Metalurgov,
Ordzhenikidze, Kuybyshevskoye shosse, Kirova, Entusyastov, ulitsa
25 Let. Oktyabra, Suvorova, ulitsa Kurako, Shkolnaya, and Voroshilova,
all of which were surfaced with asphalt. In the workers quarter
surrounding Plant No. 526 (Robochiy Poselok 526 Zavoda), on the other
hand, most of the streets were not asphalt-surfaced. In the large
Poselok Sokalukha, which was situated to the south of the town rail-
road station, none of the streets were surfaced with asphalt. In
the Starokuznetsk quarter, the main street, Lenina, was surfaced
with asphalt, but most of the other streetsAunsurfaced.
21. Kirova Street, in Stalinsk proper, connected the town Faith the
Starokuznetsk quarter. It was widened during 1957/1958 and surfaced
with asphalt up to the bridge over the Tom. Shkolnaya Street was
being surfaced with asphalt in 1959, in an east*~es . direction.
Before 1959, only about 150 meters had been completed, while the
}~ R
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continuation up to the junction with Kirova was still unsurfaced.
Kuybyshevskoye shosse was surfaced with asphalt up to the main road
to Prokopyevsk. The entire main road, which extended from Stalinsk
to Kemerovo, was surfaced with asphalt during 1952-1956.
22. During 1952-1957, an asphalt-surfaced road was constructed between
Stalinsk and the new industrial town of ' mesa, a distance of about
100 kilometers. The road ran through Starokuznetsk, Baydayevka,
Abashevo, and Bezrukovo.
23. The entire length of the road between Stalinsk and Osinniki was
also surfaced with as
phalt.
The surfacing work had been completed
in 1957.
21l.
Public transportation in the city of Stalinsk consisted of taxis
and six streetcar routes. There were no buses in the town, only
interurban buses connecting Stalinsk with Baydayevka, Zeranovka,
Abashevo, Prokopyevsk, Osinniki, and Tomusa. The six streetcar lines
were the following:
a. Route No. 1, which connected the town center (Pl. Pobedy)
with the Molotov Metallurgical Combine via Prospekt
Metalurgov and Ordzhenikidze Street.
b. Route No. 2, which connected Pl. Pobedy with the Starokuznetsk
quarter via Shkolnaya and Blotnaya (an unsurfaced street
that ran parallel to Kirova).
c. Route No. 3, which extended from the water pumping installation
(vodokachka) by the town railroad station to the mining
technicians school (gorniy tekhnikum) in the Kuybyshevskiy
rayon via Prospekt Metalur.o,Z and Kubyshevskoye shosse.
SE IT
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d. Route No. 4, which connected the water pumping station with
Pl. Pobedy via Prospekt Metalurgov and part of Ordzhenikidze
Street.
e. Routes Nos. 5 and 6, which connected Pl. Pobedy with
Poselok Sokolokha.
Public Utilities and Institutions
25. Central water, sewerage, and heating systems extended throughout
Stalinsk and were being enlarged simultaneously with the expansion
of the town and the construction of new buildings. In 1956, in
view of the continuous expansion of the town, work was begun on
the replacement of pipes for water, sewerage, and heating with ones
of larger diameters. During 1956/1957, the main pipelines on
Kirova, Prospekt Metalurgov, and Entusyastov were changed and, in
1959, work began on the main pipelines on Suvorova Street. The
new cast iron sewerage pipes were about one meter in diameter,
the new metal water pipes about 80 centimeters in diameter, and the
new cast iron central heating pipes about 40 centimeters in diameter.
26. A metallurgical research institute (metalurgicheskiy institut) was
located about 200 meters from the left bank of the Abushka, opposite
Plant No. 526.
27. The town MVD and KGB directorates occupied a four-story building
at No. 1 Entusyastov Street.
28. The central post and telegraph office, the telephone exchange,
and the town radio junction (radyo-uzel) occupied a three-story
building at 3 (?) Prospekt Metalurgov (formerly Prospekt Molotova),
at the corner of Suvorova Street and opposite the Komunar movie theater.
'MF F v~ Y l dw+ ?
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29. The town council (gorispolkom) occupied a four-story building at
the corner of Prospekt Metalurgov and Ordzhenikidze Street, This
building also housed the town Party and Komsomol committees, but
the entrance to the town council was on Prospekt Metalurgov, while
the entrances to the two other institutions was on Ordzhenikidze
Street.
30. The Gosbank occupied part of the ground floor of a five-story
building on Pl. Mayakovskogo. This building contained 1+0 apartments.
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ATTACHMENi - !/
USSR (Sverdlovsk Oblast)
Ural. Tyash Trub. Stroy and silt' Industrial
Plants in Sverdlovsk
The Ural.. Tyash. Trub. Stroy
1. One of the largest construction enterprises in Sverdlovsk was
the Ural. Tyash. Trub. Stroy. It was formed in 1952 and 1953 by the
merger of the Ural. Tyash. Stroy of Sverdlovsk, which buildt heavy
industry plants, and the Ural. Trub. Stroy. of Pervouralsk ,i 56-54,
E 59-587, which constructed pipe factories. The Ural. Tyash. Trub.
Stroy built heavy industry plants, chiefly in the Sverdlovsk area.
It was directly subordinate to the All-Union MinittV for Construction
of Heavy Industry Enterprises (Ministerstvo Stroitelstva Predpryatiy
Tyazheloy Ind`utrii SSSR), at least until 1957, when the Sovnarkhoz
system was introduced. Its management and administrative offices
were located at 58 U1. Sako I Vantsetti, corner of (No. 18) U1.
Maylsheva. At this intersection was an L-shaped, five-story residential
50X1-HUM
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building, which was conpleted at the beginning of 1959 and which
was occupied by employees of the enterprise. The plant offices were
located in an old, two-story wooden structure in the courtyard of the
residential building, next to an old, five-story house, which was
also occupied by employees of the plant. All of the buildings at the
corner had the same postal address.
2. The management of the enterprise consisted of approximately 50
persons, headed by the director-general,,Mikunis (fnu), a chief engineer,
and three deputy directors: Andryan Il'ich Sheyn was deputy in charge
of personnel, and Takov Matreyevich Charnis was deputy in charge of
workers' supplies. The management was organized into the following
departments:
a. Production and technical matters (proizvodstvo-tekhnicheskiy
IN
060@&1.
b. Designers' office (~onstruktorskoye byuro).
c. Technical supplies (kodtor&::tekhnicheskbgo snabzheniya).
d. Timber supplies (otdel leso zagotovki).
e. Economic planning (plonovo-ekonomicheskiy otdel).
f. Finance (finansoviy otdel).
g. Accounting (bukhgalteriya).
i. Workers' supplies (o.r.s.)
J. Cadres (otdel Kadrov).
k. Legal affairs (yuridicheskiy otc*l).
1. Work safety (otdel tekhniki i bezopasnosti).
m. Technical library (tekhnicheskaya bibl#oteka).
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n. Laboratory ( testing of building materials).
o. Special department (spets. otdel).
3. Although the enterprise acted as main contractor and was
fully responsible for a construction job in all stages, it executed
projects through hundreds of workers who were directly subordinate U_
to building companies (stroy. uprgvleniya) at the construction sites.
For the execution of auxiliary work (technical design, clearing of
the building site, approaches and interior roads, installation of
Equipment and machinery), the enterprise used different specialized
companies operating in Sverdlovsk, all of which were also subordinate
to the All-Union Ministry for Construction in 1957. Some of the
specialized companies were Ural. Gipro. Proyekt - technical design
of heavy industry plants; Ural. Sib. Ekskavatsiya - building site
preparation; Ural. Spets. Stroy - insulation and road building; and
Ural. San. - Tekh. Montazh. - sanitary installations.
4. Among the plants built by the enterprise betwee;,n 1947 and
1957 were the following:
a. Pervouralskiy Novotrubny T
Zavod, a pipe factory, which was
the largest and most important plant built by the enterprise during that
period;, (A similar works in Pervouralsk was known as the "old pipe
factory" - Pervouralskiy Staro-Trubny Zavod). The Novotrubn1y T
Zavod
was located at the eastern edge of town, on the left side of the
highway to Sverdlovsk. It was in operation in 1956, although construction
work was still in progress because changes had bben made in the initial
building plan. The works was to have produced differentkypes of metal
pipe.
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b. A sheet rolling mill, in the vicinity of the Polevskoy
ZN_ 56-26, E 60-i1 railway station. Operative by 1957, it was
considered one of the largest Soviet producers of galvanized
sheeting for the canning industry.
c. Ural. Khim, Mash. Zavod, in a suburb in Oktyabrskiy
Rayon of Sverdlovsk. It started production of chemical
industry machinery before 1957.
d. Revdinskiy Metizniy Zavod, a nail and wire-drawing works, in
Revda 56-48, E 59-577. LIN e. New plants in Mikhaylovskiy 50X1-HUM
and Klyuchi.
f. In 1956 the enterprise began the enlargement of the tin foil
factory in Kirovgrad L1` 57-26, E 60-;+7.
5. The enterprise operated several building materials plants
including a building block factory in Pyshma IN 56-55, E 60-377 and
a building block and concrete products factory in Pervouralsk.
Other Industrial Plants in Sverdlovsk
6. Ural'skiy Zavod Tyazhelogo Mashinostroyeniya (UZTM), the
largest industrial plant in Sverdlovsk, was said to employ 70,000
workers (120,000 during World War II).
the
works manufactured hbavy machinery, including large "walking" drag,
lines (shagayushchiye ekskavatory), oil drilling rigs, and rolling
mill equipment.
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7. Zavod No. 9 had always been known in Sverdlovsk as a military
plant which manufactured artillery pieces. Although it was an independent
plant, it was located in the northern part of the UZTM compound. Since the
establishment of the Sovnarkhoz system in 1957, a possible merger of the
two enterprises had been frequently talked about in the city.
8. Kalinin Works No. 8 produced artillery pieces. The plant was
located on the right side of She UZTM (road leading to UZTM), coming
from the town center, and was bordered by a fence (possibly a board fence),
parallel to and 10 to 15 meters from the highway. Tram stops of lines Nos.
2 and 5 were by the works' main entrance on ShOSse UZTM. The plant was entered
A 50X1-HUM
by a spur line
which
did not come from the direction of UZTM. B y way of Shose UZTM, the di stance
r
between the main gates of Works No. 8 and UZTM was two to 2.5 kiltmeters,
although it was no more than 800 meters in a straight line. From
the Shoe, an open transformer station (approximately 15 to 20 by 50X1-HUM
50 meters) could be seen in the plant compound. It was close to the road
or five tall, single-story buildings with glass roofs.
the plant was producing field
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were four
guns and
antiaircraft guns before ade during 1957 and 1958; a team of artillery 50X1 -HU M
officers was permanently attached to the works.
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9. Ural. Elektro-Aparat, in Rayon El. Mash of Sverdlovsk,
manufactured mainly transformers and, as a side line, washing machines.
10. Turbomotorniy Zavod adjoined the Elektro-Aparat and was said
to make turbines for hydropower stations.
11. Karbidniy Zavod was located near Shose UZTM, 800 to 1000
n
meters south of Zavod No. 8, on the same side of the road. An oxygen
factory (kislorodniy zavod) was some 1+00 to 500 meters behind the carbide
factory; both were comparatively small enterprises.
12. A crane factory was located between Zavod No. 8 and the carbide
factory, on the opposite side and near the edge of Shose u~M
A
13. Ekskavatorn~fy Zavod (excavator factory) was located 800 to
1000 meters north of lUral. Elektro-Aparat.
11.. Verkhneisetskiy Metalurgicheskiy Zavod (VIZ), a large metalworks,
was located in the western part of Sverdlovsk.
15. A cable factory (verkhneisetskiy kabelniy zavod) was about
one kilometers south of the VIZ.
16. Radio Zavod (a radiotechnical factory) was located between
Ui. Lunacharskogo and U1. Mamma Sibiryaka, opposite a hotel.
17. Zavod Plast *as (a plastics products factory) was in the vicinity
of the cable works,on the left side of, and -r~`tr`/T 800 meters from, Shose
UZTM, coming from the town center.
18. Opticheskiy Zavod (an optical products factory) was in the
vicinity of Mayakovskiy Park, in Rayon Leninskoy Fabriki of Sverdlovsk.
19. Zavod No. 50, a heavy machinery plant, was situated on Ul.
Lermontova next to a noodle factory (makaronnaya fabrika). A branch of
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-7-
plant No. 50 was located in the city block formed by 8-go Marta,
Ato DEzal,
Naberezhnaya-i, Lenina, and Malyshava Streets.
20. An ammunition factory, popularly known as Staraya Makaronka,
was located in VTUZ (Rayon Vyzhshikh Uchebniy Zavedeniy) city district,
possibly near the Polytechnical Institute.
e.Q
21. Zavod Stal Konstruktsiya (a 56te! construction works) was in
thei.zhniy-Isetsk quarter, Oktyabrskiy Rayon, of Sverdlovsk. The plant
may have been near the Ural. Khim. Mash. Zavod.
22. Zavod Rezino Tekhnicheskikh Izdeliy (Zavod RTI - a rubber goods
factory) was located in the compound of the meat products combine
(myasokombinat), which consisted of a slaughter house, cold stores, and
a pprduction shop. Another rubber goods factory (rezinoviy Zavod) was
located at an unspecified point on the Aoad to Nizhniy-Isetsk.
23. Vagono-Remontniy Zavod (a railway car repairshop) was near the
Sverdlovsk Pasazhirskaya (railway passenger) station.
24. Penitsilinoviy Zavod (a penicillin factory) was in Bankovskiy
Pereulok, a lane between U1. Lenina and Ul. Malysheva.
25. Instrumentalniy Zavod (a tool factory) was on Frunze Street,
not far from the municipal tram depot.
26. Mlnitsa No. 1 (a flour mill) was on U1. Cheluskintsev, opposite
the railway passenger station. Melnitsa No. 2 was on the same street,
on the bank of the Iset' stream and opposite offices of the Sverdlovsk
Railways (Upravleniye Sverdlovskoy Zhel. Dorogi).
27. The city's main power station, a peat-fueled thermal plant,
was located on the outskirts of Sverdlovsk, one or two kilometers behind
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 5nxI -HUM
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SECR1
the VIZ plant. The plant was connected to the power station by special
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, s~rP
MLAs4i
: USSR (Sverdlovak Oblast)
Industrial Plants, Construction Trusts, and
Personalities in Sverdlovsk
1. The Turbine and Diesel Motor Plant (Turbomotorlit' Zavod) in
Sverdlovsk was established in 1947 by the merger of Motor Plant No. 76
(Motorniy Zavod 76) and the Kirov Turbine Plant (Turbinniy Zavod Im.
Kirova). The former Motor Plant, which was separated from the Kirov Plant
by a brick wall, had been subordinate to the Ministry of Transport
Construction, while the Kirov plant had been subordinate to the Chief
Directorate for the Boiler and Turbine Industry (Glav Kotlo-Rurbo Prom)
at the Ministry of Heavy Machine Construction (Ministerstvo Tyazhelogo
Mashinostroyenlya). Both plants were subordinate to the Ministry of
Transport Construction after the merger until 1957, when the Sovnarkhozy
were established. KIM-
r 6fl0UP 1
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dpf.IBSSiflrafinn
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2. The Turbine and Diesel Motor Plant occupied a total area of
about four square kilometers on Predzavodskaya Street, near the Ural
Electric Apparatus Plant No. 659. All shipments to and from the turbine
were transported via Stantsiya Aparatnaya, a special railroad freight
station which had spurs leading to Plant No. 659, to Plant No. 8 (Zavod
No. 8 Im. Kalinina), to Excavator Plant No. 14 (Ekskavatmrniy Zavod No.
14), and to the turbine plant.
3. In 1952, the turbine plant manufactured the following two types
of diesel engines:
a. D-2 "citilian" engines, which were delivered to the Ural
Mash Plant (Ural-Mash Zavod) for installation in drilling rigs.
b. D-2A "military" engines, which were delivered to the Kirov
Plant in Chelyabinsk, where they were installed in tanks. The
production of these engines and their spare parts was supervised
by a military representation (voyenpredstvo) consisting of
about 15 tank officers, including two colonels (one named Dubov,
fnu). The other officers were of lower rank.
4. In 1952, the plant produced about 500 engines of both types per
month. These engines had previously been manufactured by Motor Plant No.
766, which was established during World War II by the merger of Plant No.
76 in Leningrad and Plant No. 75 in Kharkov.
5. The turbine plant also produced two typeS. of steam turbines:
the AT-25 for thermal power stations and the TN-30 for warships. About
two or theee turbines of type AT-25 and two of marine type TN-30 were
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ra.
..!
produced per month. The TN-30 was delivered to Leningrad and Vladivostok
two of 50X1-HUM
them were installed in one ship. The production of the TN-30 was supervised
by a special military representation which, apart from civilian technicians,
comprised about 10 naval officers headed by Eng. Capt. lst Class Filipov
(fnu) and his deputy, Eng. Capt. 2nd Class Korostelov (fhu).
6. In 1952, the plant employed 10,000 workers in three shifts. The
shops (tsekha) which were engaged specifically in the production of diesel
engines were designated M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, and M-5, while those engaged
in the production of turbines were desirated T-l, T-2, T-3, T-4, and T-5.
The plant also contained a number of joint shops, including a thermal
treatment shop (termicheskiy tsekh), a forge (kuznechniy tsekh), two
foundries (liteyniye tsekh) - one for steel and cast iron and the other
for nonferrous metals, a welding shop (kotelno-svarochniy tsekh), an,
electrical shop (elektromantazhniy tsekh), and a packing shop (opakovochniy
tsekh). Shops M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, and M-5 were machine shops which produced
engine components. The engine assembly shop was housed in the same building
as Shop M-l, but a special building was being constructed for the former.
Shops T-l, T-2, T-3, and T-4 produced turbine components, while Shop T-5
was the turbine ass Wly shop. Apart from a number of small auxiliary
buildingshousing the canteen, stores, fire station, etc., the plant comprised
10 two-story stone buildings. The tallest building at the plant was Shop
T-l, which was about four stories high.
7. The turbine plant maintained a thermal power station (TETS) on the
site of the former Plant No. 76. The power station had a single brick stack
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about 25 to 30 meters high and consumed about 80 tons of coal daily(output
unknown). There were two other red brick chimneys at the platt, one at
the forge and the other at the iron and steel foundry.
8. With regard to the production of diesel engines, the plant
maintained close contact with Plant No. 77 atBarnaul, which also manu-
factured diesel engines, as well as with the 6irov Plant at Chelyabinsk
and with the UralMash Plant in Sverdlovsk. Large and medium size cast
components and various other parts were delivered by these plants. With
regard to the production of turbines, the plant was mainly connected with
the UralMash Plant, which supplied it with important components.
Other Industrial Plants in Sverdlovsk
9. Plant No. 9, though an independent concern, was situated within 50X1-HUM
the UralMash Plant. It produced artillery guns;
10. Kalinin Plant No. 8 also produced artillery guns (no details).
11. Plant No. 50 was located near the central railroad station in the
vicinity of Yakova Sverdlova Street) The plant 50X1-HUM
was subordinate to the Chief Directorate of the Tank Industry (slav Tank)
at the Ministry of Transport Construction. While the major part of the
plant, including its management, was located in the vicinity of Yakova
Sverdlova, a number of
ps were situated in the vicinity of 8-go
Marta Street. Among other things, the plant manufactured tank radiators.
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Construction Trusts
33 tKd -
12. Construction Trusts Nos. 89 anda the Ural Tyazh. Trub. Stroy
were the largest construction enterprises in Sverdlovsk. Trust No. 89
was subordinate to the Ministry of Construction and was engaged in the
construction of industrial and public buildings and blocks of apartments
in connection with the following enterprises: The UralMash Plant, the
Turbine and Diesel Motor Plant, the Ural Electric Apparatus Plant, the Glav
Ekskavator rant, Plant No. 50, and the Technical Rubber Products Plant
(Zavod Rezino-Tekhnicheskikh Izdeliy - RTI). Trust No. 89 employed a total
of 5,000 workers and was divided into the following five construction
directorates (stroy upravleniya - SU):
a. SU-l, which was engaged in the construction of apartment houses
and public buildings only for the Ural Electric Apparatus Plant,
the Turbine and Diesel Motor Plant, and Glav Ekskavator, all of
which were located in the El. Mash quarter of Sverdlovsk.
b. SU-2, located at the Ural Electric Apparatus Plant, which was
engaged in the construction of industrial buildings only at the
above three enterprises.
c. SU-3 and SU-l+, which were both located at the UralMash Plant.
SU-3 was engaged in the construction of industrial buildings
only on behalf of the UralMash Plant, while Su-1- constructed
blocks of apartments only.
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d. SU-5, which was located at the RTI Plant and was engaged in the
construction of both industrial buildings and blocks of apartments
at this plant.
13. The head offices of Construction Trust No. 89 occupied a two-
story frame building near i&e Kalinin Plant No. 8. The central construction
materials stores, a cement plant, and a concrete block plant (shlakobetonn
zavod) of this trust were located in the vicinity of the building, by the
side of a railroad spur which led to the Stantsiya Aparatnaya freight
station.
11+. Construction Trust No. 33, which was subordinate to the Ministry
of Construction, was also engaged in the construction of industrial buildings
and blocks of apartments. However, whereas Trust No. 89 was employed in
Sverdlovsk only, Trust No. 33 was also employed outside the town.
15. Ural. Tyazh. Trub. Stroy was the largest construction trust in
Sverdlovsk and was subordinate to the Ministry of Heavy Machine Construction.
The trust was employed mainly in Sverdlovsk Oblast, where it had constructed
most of the large industrial plants, but it did very little work in the
town itself. The head offices of this trust were situated on Sako I
Vantsetti Street in Sverdlovsk.
16. the following people in Sverdlovsk:
a. Maj. Gen. Fratkin (fnu), director of Kalinin Plant No. 8 in
Sverdlovsk until 1952,
b. Lt. Gen. Gonor (fnu), director of Plant no. 9 in Sverdlovsk
until 1949, at which time he reportedly was transferred to
Leningrad.
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c. Ivan Sergeyevich Isayev, director of the Turbine and Diesel
Motor Plant in Sverdlovsk until 1954, at which time he was
appointed director of the Kirov Plant at Chelyabinsk. A 50X1-HUM
machine engineer by profession,
He was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and appeared
to have much influence with the authorities.
d. Nikolay Georgevich Babakov, chief engineer at the Turbine and
Diesel Motor Plant and a machine engineer by profession.
e. Dmitri Aleksandrovich Buzin, chief designer at the Turbine and
Dies 1 Motor Plant,
f. Danilchenko (fnu), designing engineer at the Turbine and Diesel
Motor Plant, where he headed the shop which producTed TN-30
marine turbines. A Ukrainian
g. Atamanov (fnu), former director of Plant No. 50 in Sverdlovsk,
h. Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Lerman, a construction engineer,
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17. Attached is a sketeh of Sverdlovsk, with legend.
Legend
1. Plant No. 659, the Ural Electric Apparatus Plant.
2. The Turbine and Diesel Motor Plant.
3. Plant No. 14, (Glav Ekskavator).
4. Plant No. 8, the Kalinin Plant.
5. Head offices of Construction Trust No. 89.
6. Stantsiya Aparatnaya freight railroad station.
7. The Technical Rubber Products Plant (RTI).
8. Meat Combine (Myasokombinat).
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S RD LU VSK
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: USSR (Uzbek SSR)
The Voroshilov Agricultural Machinery Plant
in Tashkent
1. The Voroshilov Agricultural Machinery Plant in Tashkent (rash.
Sel. Mash Im. Voroshilova), located on Selmashskaya in the Kuybyshev
district of the city, vas one of the largest industrial enterprises
in Tashkent. The plant had existed since the early 1920's and, during
World War II, vas called Zavod No. 2. It extended 300 to 400 meters
along Sjelmashskaya and was 1.5 to 2 kilometers in depth. Fromihe
Selmashskaya side, a small part of the plant only was fenced-in
since, along most of this side, a natural protection was formed by
the outer walls of its buildings. On the other sides, the plant was
CROUP f 50X1-HUM
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 cnv" uUM
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surrounded by a brick wall about 2.5 meters high. The plant could
be reached btu Streetcar No. 4, whose terminus was located in the
vicinity.
2. The plant was guarded by armed civilians. A permit was necessary to
enter the site but, once inside, there were no restrictions because
there was no military or classified activity at the plant, and it
had no secret department. The plant had three entrances;
a. The main entrance for pedestrians, with three gates, was on
the Selmashskaya side near the northwestern corner of the
plant. The main entrance for vehicles was located next to this
entrance.
b. The second entrance was on the southwestern side of the plant,
on Yorovskogo. This was a large gate for vehicles and pedestrians.
c. The third entrance, also on the Vorovskogo side, was for a
railroad spur, which led into the plant and then branched
out into two or three lines.
3. The plant employed about 4,500 workers, about half of whom were
women. During World War II, when the plant produced mines and
carried out tank repairs for the military, about 10,000 workers
were employed there. Most of the plant's shops, including the garage,
worked in two shifts, although some, such as the foundry and the
assembly shops, worked in three shifts. The first shift was from
0800 to 1700 hours with an hour's break for lunch
50X1-HUM
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4. From the end of World War II up to about 1949/1950, textile machines
were the main product of the plant. Since that time,
however, the plant had been producing chiefly mechanical cotton pickers
(khlopkouborochniye mashini). Although there were periods after
1949/1950 when the plant also manufactured., as a by-product, grain
cleaners (zerno-ochistitelniye mashini), in recent years it had
produced only the cotton pickers. Certain unspecified plants supplied
the TashSel) sh with net tractors equipped with three pneumatic
rubber tires, on which the plant installed the pickers (shpindela)
and the bins (bunkera) into which the cotton was absorbed; these
weighed between one and one-half tons.
5. The machines produced at the plant were destined for sovkhozes and
kolkhozes. These customers, especially the kolkhozes, complained that
the quality of the machines was deficient. They claimed that the
mechanism broke down frequently, that the machines damaged the
cotton plants, and that leaves and twigs were sucked in together
with the bolls.
6. Some of the largest and most important shops of the plant were the
following:
a. The foundry (liteyniy tsekh), Shop No. 1, which was the largest
shop of the plant, employing almost 1,000 workers in three
shifts. The shop was located in a large
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single-story building, with a small wing occupied by the manage-
ment and administration of the shop.
b. The assembly shop (sborochniy tsekh), Shop No. 4, which was
situated just opposite the foundry and in a building exactly
like that of the foundry. This building had been constructed
at the end of World War II.
c. The toolmakers shop (instrumentalniy tsekh), Shop No. 27, which
occupied a building resembling those of the assembly and foundry
shops which had been constructed in 1950-1952, after the shoph
former premises had burned down.
d. The carpentry shop (derevoobdelochniy tsekh), which occupied
a large single-story building close to the entrance on Vorovskogo.
Next to it was another small, single-story building occupied by the
experimental shop (eksperimentalniy tsekh), which had been
erected in 1952/1953 and served for cm ducting experiments on
mechanical cotton pickers.
e. The battery charging shop (akumulatorniy tsekh), which was to
the right of and near the main entrance.
f. The management and administration offices of the plant, which
occupied a building on the Selmashskaya side of the plant. The
only two-story building on the site, it took up about half the
length of the plant area.
g. The garage, Shop No. 34 or 35, which was merely a shed with
iron poles and a tin roof. The garage carried out current
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repairs on 50 to 60 trucks belonging to the plant ()2.5-ton
GAZ-51, 4-ton ZIS-150, and 4-ton ZIS-585 dump truck), about
10 passenger cars, 3 or 4 mobile cranes mounted on ZIS-150 trucks
with a lifting capacity of up to 3 tons, and 1 or 2 fork lifts
(avtopogruzhehiki) with GAZ-51 engines, Basic repairs were
carried out by a number of auto repair plants (avtoremontniye
zavody) in Tashkent, one of which was Shop No. 2.
7. Saakov (fhu), a Uzbek had been the personnel
deputy of the plant since about 1957.
8.
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ATTACU Eft
;,' 1. The Electric Locomotttve Factory (Elektrovozny Zavod) occupied an
area of 1,000 x 500 meters on the left side of Avchalskoye Shosse,
which was the extension of Sovetskaya in the Leninskiy rayon of
Tbilisi, about two to two and one-half kilometers from Avchaly
1~F1-19, FU-487. Guarded by civilians, the factory was surrounded
by a two-meter-high brick wall and was served by a railroad spur.
In 1958, it employed about 1,500 workers in one shift.
2. The first buildings of the factory were constructed in 1947 and,
until late 1957, the factory was a locomotive repair plant called
SECRET
GROW I
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
: USSR (Georgian SSR)
: The Electric Locomotive Factory in Tbilisi
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Elektrovozno Remontny Zavod. It assumed its present name in 1957
and, during 1958, underwent a complete reorganization and changeover
from the repair d electric locomotives to their production. Nev
departments were constructed, new machinery was installed, and
hundreds of workers were sent to the Electric Locomotive Factory in
Novocherkassk LW57-25, Ele0-07 (Novocherkaskiy Elektrovozny Zavod)
for specialized training. According to plan, the factory was to
triple its manpower and to work in two-three shifts. It was to
have produced five electric locomotives of the N-8 type by 1959
and about 30 of this type) by 1960. Among the plants which supplied the
Tbilisi factory were Nov+oehe risk factory, which supplied the bodies
(chekhol), and the Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory (Voroshilov-
gradskiy Parovozo-Stroitelny Zavod), which supplied the bogie
wheels (telezhka). According to the long-range plan, the Tbilisi factory
was to manufacture most of the locomotive components itself and,
to this end, the foundry, assembly shop, toolmakers shop, and
armature winding shop were in the process of expansion during 1958.
3. The factory had begun to build a prototype of the N-8 electric
locomotive (elektrovoz), which was then in current production at the
Novocherkassk factory, in autumn 1957. The Novocherkassk factory
supplied most of the components for this prototype and sent hundreds
of engineers and technicians to train local personnel. The prototype
was completed in late 1958.
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I. During the reorganization in 1958 the plant continued to repair
electric locomotives, bu*n a very limited scale. By the end of that
year, the plant had discontined all repair work. The repairs formerly
carried out by the factory had included medium repairs and over-
hauls of VL-22 type electric locomotives, It had also repaired
Japanese and German (war booty) locomotives and three powere&
driven electric trains (elektrosektsya). In 1956/1957, an average
of five locomotives were repaired per month, of which two were
overhauls and three were medium repairs. Also repaired each
month was an average of two Elektrosektsya. Most of the repair work
was done for thrans-Caucasian Railroad Directorate (Uprav3eniye
Zakavkazkoy Zhel. Dorogi).
5. Gomarelli (fhu), a Georgian E was director of the
Tbilisi factory until late 1957,
He was a Party member.
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AIIA4 tviEfj -
General and Industrial Information en I-Iernit-- iou,
General
1. In 1958 Temir-Tau /N 50-05, E 72-56/, a rayon center in the
Karaganda Oblast, had a heterogeneous, polyglot population of
70, 000. Consisting for the most part of former convicts or
descendants of convicts, they included Russians, Kazakhs, Germans
from the Volga region, Koreans, Chinese, Tatars, Kachins, and
about 2, 000 Bulgariand youths working in the town under a Soviet/
Bulgarian exchange agreement. Industry in Temir-Tau was being
developed rapidly, particularly the metallurgical industry. All the
main streets in the town were surfaced with asphalt; the widest
street was the main thoroughfare (name unknown), which led to
the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant (Kazakhskiy Metalurgicheskiy Zavod)
and terminated at a point where the railroad spur entered the plant.
GROUP t
Excluded from automatic50X1-HUM
downgrading and
Anciassifin,tinn I
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: USSR (Karaganda Oblast)
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' - I I
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A number of very large buildings were located on the main street,
including those of the town council, which shared a building with
the local Party institutions, a grocery shop, a large department
store (Univermag), the central post and telegraph office and telephone
exchange, and a club belonging to the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant.
The municipal park was also located on this street.
2. There were no public transportation facilities in Temir-Tau,
although regular rail and bus services connected the town with
Karaganda, nor were there central water or sewerage systems.
Drinking water was obtained from open wells.
3. Though no prison camps were located in Temir-Tau, one such camp
had been located in its vicinity for many years
4. There were no airfields in Temir-Tau or environs. The only military
force was an MVD unit (Voyska MVD), which guarded the town power
station and occupied a three-story building adjacent to the station.
5. All construction work in Temir-Tau was carried out by Kazakh-Stroy,
which had its head office at the outskirts of the city, near the
Synthetic Rubber Factory (Zavod Sinteticheskogo Kauchuka). Little
new construction work was being done in the town proper, however,
apart from an occasional new apartment house. In the Sots-Gorodok
quarter of Temir-Tau, on the other hand, numerous two and three-
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story blocks of apartments were under construction in the vicinity
of the rubber factory and the new metallurgical plant.
Industry
6. The largest industrial enterprise in Temir-Tau was the Kazakh
Metallurgical Plant, a civilian plant employing about 4, 000 workers
in three shifts. Construction of the plant reportedly had begun
during World War II, and it had been in operation for a number of
years. The plant was still being developed in 1958 by the enlargement
- of its buildings and the installation of new equipment, though no new
buildings were being constructed
The plant occupied a large area on the main street, near 50X1-HUM
the town center in the vicinity of the municipal park. It was guarded by
civilians and surrounded by a fence two and one-half meters high,
constructed partially of brick, boards, and barbed wire. The site
was served by a railroad spur, but there was no military representa I o
of any nature at the plant.
7. The products of the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant included ungalvanized
sheet metal, iron rods two to 10 centimeters in diameter, and
extrusions, both square and angle. Some of the output was 'exported
to China, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia (no details).
8. Among the 15 to 20 installations at the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant were
the following: n(
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a.
A Martin furnace shop (Martenovskiy Tsekh), which occupied
a two-story building, the largest at the plant.
b.
A rolling shop (Prokatniy tsekh), which occupied a large single-
story building.
c.
A foundry (liteyniy tsekh).
d.
A transport shop (transportniy tsekh).
e.
An electrical shop (elektro-tsekh).
f.
A building housing chemical and electrical laboratories and the
plant canteen...
g.
About 10 small buildings serving as closed transformer stations.
h.
Store buildings.
i.
Open storage sheds.
j.
A garage and vehicle repair shop.
9. The Synthetic Rubber Plant, another large plant in Temir-Ta5was
considered to be of All-Union importance. This plant was also
established during World War II and had since been under continuous
development. It occupied a large site) though smaller than that of the
Kazakh Metallurgical Plant at the outskirts of the Karaganda side of
Temir-Tau, about one and one-half to two kilometers from the town
center, between the two asphalt roads leading to Karaganda. The
plant was surrounded by a stone wall. Entry regulations at this plant
were stricter than at any other plant in town, as was the selection and
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and screening of new employees. The plant reportedly contained a
secret department which produced an unspecified semi-finished
material (polufabrikat) for the army. The plant had recently been
experimenting with new methods of synthetic rubber production.
It reportedly employed between 1500 and 2, 000 workers in three
shifts.
10. In about 1956, construction began on the new, gigantic Karaganda
Metallurgical Plant (Karagandiyskiy Metalurgicheskiy Zavod) in
the Sots-Gorodok quarter of Temir-Tau, near the main road to
Karaganda. According to plan, construction of the plant was to be
completed within 10 years, at which time
would be the second largest plant of its kind in the USSR, after the
Magnitorsk Metallurgical Plant. The local inhabitants, therefore,
called the plant the Kazakhstanskaya Magnitka. According to the
original plan, part of the plant was to have gone into production in
1958, but this was not realized and, in 1958, only a few auxiliary depart-
ments, such as the electrical shop, were operating. To supply
electricity to the new plant, as well as to other plants in the vicinity
50X1-HUM
of Karaganda, a large thermal power station had been under construction
since 1956 somewhere in the neighborhood of Karaganda.
this station was to have an output ten times greater than that of
the power station in Temir-Tau.
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11. Other industrial plants in Temir-Tau included the following:
a. A foundry (liteyniy Zavod), located between the Kazakh
Metallurgical Plant and the town power station.
b. A bakery (khleb zavod), located several hundreds of meters
from the Ka akh Metallurgical Plant.
c. A dairy p ucts plant (molochniy zavod), also located in the
vicinity of the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant.
12. Apart from the secret departments at the rubber plant, there were
no secret plants or atomic installations in Temir-Tau and environs.
however, a nuclear test site was situated in the 50X1-HUM
Kazakhstan desert. In 1956/1957, huge pillars of smoke were seen
for a few seconds from Temir=Tau. They were observed in the early
evening hours and appeared to originate at a great distance from the
town,
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