THE NORTH KOREAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A062900090001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 1, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 11, 1962
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
ffecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Titi.
!salon or revelation of which in any manner to
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SUBJECT The North Korean Academy
of Sciences
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION.
REPORT
DATE DISTR. I May 1962
NO. PAGES 1
REFERENCES RD
personnel, facilities and activities of the North Korean Academy of
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains Information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which In any manner to an unauthorized person Is prohibited by law.
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SUBJECT The North Korean Academy DATE DISTR. Il May 1962
of Sciences
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION.
personnel, facilities and activities of the North Korean Academy of
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
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Academy of Sciences
1. To develop science and learning the North Korean government established
Academy of Sciences in 1953 with its main building in front of the Ha.e-
bang-san (Liberation Mountain) in Chung-ku, P'yong.yang-si. The academy
ran a research institute of social sciences, a library and a printing
office. The research institute of social sciences was located in Hungbu-
dong in So-gu, P'yongyang-si. Following is a list of specialized agencies
of study and affiliated offices of the Academy:
a. Research Instittte of History
b. Research Institute of Economics and Jurisprudence
c. Research Institute of Languages and Literature
d. Research Institute of Physics and Mathematics
e. Research Institute of Chemistry
f. Research Institute of Engineering
C. Research Institute of Atomic Energy
h. Research Institute of Biology
i. Central Chemical Assay Office
Library
k Printing Office
1 Research Hall
In addition, there were three more research institutes of medical science,
pharmacology and agricultural science. But in 1957 the research insti-
tutes of medical science and agricultural science became two independent
organs by incorporating medicine and pharmacy into the former and absorbing
agriculture into the latter- However, there was no complete equipment for
the research institutes of atomic energy and central chemical assay office
as the former was housed in the research institute of physics and mathematics
and the latter was temporarily set up in the research institute of chemistry
As of 1960 the President of the Academy of Sciences was PAEK Nam-un (1+101
05897189) under whose supervision there were seven members and 13 candidate
members. The Academy also operated specialized committees to discuss technical
problems. The committees were composed of scientists in the Academy and
distinguished scholars in various colleges and special technicians in production
workshops to solve problems relating to science and production that arose
periodically.
Organization and functions
2. The administrative organization of the Academy of Sciences was as follows:
President
Deputy President (3)
Research Secretary (1)
Staff Department
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Bookkeeping Department
Planning Department
Accounting Department
Confidential Documents Section
Libra--,.-
Printing Office
Central Chemical Assay Office
Research Hall
3. The function of each post were as follows:
a The President of the Academy of Sciences was named by the Cabinet.
He was responsible for the administrative and research affairs of the
Academy as its supreme head, and for this reason he was selected
from among the internationally renowned scholars in the world of science-
b. The three deputy presidents were also named by the Cabinet to take charge
of each of the three independent fields. that is to say, natural science
(mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and engineering), social
science (economics, law, history and philosophy, languages and literature)
and finance.
c The research secretary was appointed by the President of the Academy to
regulate separate themes of study for each research worker assigned to
each institute, control the guidance of bachelors of science who were
regularly trained in the Academy and control research students working
in each institute. He was selected from among scientists mostly in the
field of social science. In addition to his administrative duties the
secretary had a theme for his own research. There was a plan to appoint
two research secretaries to take charge of the two fields-natural
science and social science, respectively.
d. The staff department handled personnel affairs, hiring office employees
and selecting research workers and research students in the Academy.
e. The bookkeeping department managed finance and disbursed salaries
and wages to each individual in the employ of the Academy.
f. The planning department formulated plans for the operation of the Acad-
emy, regulated research plans of each institute and examined the re-
sults of the execution of these plans. However, comparing to other
planning departments in the production fields its function was very
weak and its performance of given mission was insignificant.
g. The accounting department supplied research materials, guaranteed the
living requirements of the employees and managed the vocational farms.
h. The confidential documents section was the secretariat of the President
of the Academy and it handled reception and dispatch of all official
documents.
I. The library purchased books that were necessary to the study of science and
loaned them to all students of research for review. The librarian also
managed and operated branch libraries that were established in each research
institute. The number of books collected in this library was unknown, but
it was second only to the library of IIM Il-song University. There were
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very few classical or antique books, but those in the catalogue were collected
since the Armistice of 1953. The rare old books were available in the KIM
Il-song University Library. The foreign books were mostly imported from the
USSR. There were some English and German books, and the importation of
Japanese books began in 1958. Foreign periodicals and magazines of scientific
interest were normally imported. The scientific magazines published in England
and America were mostly received via the USSR in translated copies.
The publishing office chiefly printed scientific books and also issued re-
gular monthly magazines, the articles being the presentation of results of
stud;; of the members of the Academy and translations from foreign scientific
books. Its book-binding art was superior to other publishing offices,
but the printed copies were so much limited that there were no free sales
Instead, all of the Academy's printed matter was sold by distribution to
designated organizations and individuals through the book distribution
agency. The publishing office of the Academy of Sciences was the highest
authority in North Korea in Printing scientific books.
:. The study institute was similar to a university hall as its function was
to train scientists under the control of the Academy.
For administrative purposes each research institute was composed of a chief,
a deputy chief, an accountant, a librarian, and a warehouse keeper. The
chief was appointed by the President of the Academy of Sciences from among
scholars of authority in each field of research. He controlled both
research and financial affairs, but placed more importance on research.
P-1any of the chiefs possessed the degree of bachelor of science. The deputy
chiefs were also appointed by the President of the Academy of Sciences from
among scholars of authority, but they had more responsibility in the control
of administrative business than research work. Not a few deputy chiefs held the
degree of bachelor of science.
5. The research staff in the Academy of Sciences was composed as follows:
flember, candidate member, research worker, assistant research worker and assistant.
Among the above staff, the members and the candidate members were assigned to
the Academy of Sciences as the highest authorities in research work, but the
research workers, assistant research workers and assistants were assigned to
each research :institute.
The functions of each research institute by specific duties Were as follows:
a. The procedure of apypointment of the members was unknown, but there were
seven of them up to date, and they were the persons who received doc-
tor's degrees during the Japanese occupation. In the Academy the;-- held
the of Vices as the President, deputy president o_,~ chief of each research
institute in the field of administration.
Among the members, PAEit Nam-un (economics), the President, CH'OE Sam-yol
(chemistry), the deputy president, PAK Si-hyong (chief of history research
institute), and YI Song-hi (chemistry) 50X1-HUM
In North Korea the office of a member of the ca emy of sciences was re-
garded as equal to a doctor's degree. However, a person who had no doctor's
degree was qualified -co be appointed as a member if he had scored big results
in his scientific studies and even a doctor was not admitted into membership
if he presented little of his study results. The members represented the
scientific standard of the Academy of Sciences and they received additional
allowances as members plus their monthly pay for administrative duties.
the amount of the additional allowance was about 120 Won 50X1-HUM
a month. Moreover, a sedan was offered to each member for his exclusive use.
iiost of the members received doctor's degree from the Japanese schools in
the past, but there were no members of young men with new education.
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Since 1945nNorth KoreaAver received doctor's degrees in the Soviet Union or
in other nations nor were doctor's degree5the only requisite for a person to be
-promoted to the membership of the Academy of Sciences-
b As of 1960. there were 13 candidate members who were all assigned to the Academy
of Sciences. They were next to the members in research work and each one was
put in charge of an administrative duty. A man could be promoted to the status
of a candidate member if he had demonstrated good results of his studies in
his special field and could qualify as a full member in the future even though
he has no doctor's degree. But there were some candidate members who pos-
sessed doctor's degrees. Each candidate member gave guidance to the research
workers in his special field. It took many years for a candidate member to
become a full member and yet he should present outstanding record of his
research. Since the establishment of the Academy of Sciences not a candidate
member was promoted to the status of a full member, but it was rumored that
during 1960 five candidate members would become full members.
c. It was the duty of each research worker to engage in practical research activi-
ties in his research institute. The number of research workers assigned to
each research institute was different, but each one had his own subject of re-
search and he worked on it with several assistant research workers and assis-
tants. Many of the research workers had bachelor's degree; but there were
some who had no degree. There were two kinds of research workers, holding
exclusive posts and additional posts. Each exclusive research worker owned an
assay room in his research institute and pursued studies in his special field.
The research workers of, additional posts had separate duties as teachers, tech-
nicians or officials in colleges, factories, Party and government organ:i.za-
tions and they visited the research institute several times a week to work
on the subjects specially connected with their own professions. The research
workers were selected from among college teachers of substantial resources
and factory workers who displayed astounding production results. Most of
them had one object1to get the degree of doctor or bachelor of science.
Almost all workers in the field of science had the same object because academic
degrees brought higher social position and hi ;her living standard
Therefore, many college teachers and production technicians in the field of
science wished to be transferred to the research institute of his own choice
:;.n the Academy of Sciences to pursue studies of their special field because
they had no spare time to prepare thesis for a degree while working in their
official posts Nevertheless the employers in their workshops would not give
them recommendations for the reason that they were important members in their
own organizations .
The research workers were able to study their own subjects of special field
and when they presented good results in these studies they were pro-
moted to higher posts as chief and deputy chief of the research institute
Moreover, if their thesis for a degree passed the degree awarding committee
they could receive the degree they wanted. A research worker who presented
exceptionally good results in his studies may become a candidate member of
the Academy of Sciences or promoted to a chief of department or chair in
the college. Each research worker was given the same treatment as a college
professor,
d. In each research institute there were some assistant research workers who
helped the research worker in his special study. The number of assistant
research workers assigned to each research worker was unknown, but the assist-
ant research workers were either college graduates or qualified engineers
whose duty it was to investigate documents or conduct experiments under the
direction of the research workers, and to present the data of their work to
the research workers, when the college S aduates were assigned to the Academy
of Sciences on plan each year they were distributed to each research institute
where the research workers chose the most suitable ones to work in their special
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field of stud;;
It was a coimuon desire for all assistant research workers to prepare their
thesis for a bachelor's degree, but they had no spare time to do so. There-
fore. -;they collected materials, conducted experiments and examined documents
as source materials for their thesis, and wrote it in full scale when
they were appointed as research workers.
e. The assistants were graduates of professional schools or qualified
junior engineers whose duty it was to help the assistant research
workers by conducting experiments under theirdirection.
Research Hall
6. In order to give Guidance to those who wish to get bachelor's degreq the
Academy of Sciences operated a research hall similar to that established in
a college or university. The research students were enrolled once each
Year for three-year training. It was the object of the research hall to help
the students prepare and submit the thesis within that three-year period in order
to get the bachelor's degree. But there were practically none who submitted the
thesis within that period, and most of the student were only able to submit the
thesis after serves of two or three years in a workshop upon graduating from
the research hall.
During the early period of the three-year course the students were given lessons
in philosophy, economics, and Russian to sit for "minimum" examination (preliminary
examination for a degree).
The general indoctrination subjects were taught to all students in the research
hall in a joint lecture and the special subjects in individual classes by
separate lectures. The instructors were members, candidate members, chiefs and
deputy chiefs of the research institutes and research workers and some-
times the -teachers of the KIM Il-song University were also invited. On many
occasions, joint lectures were given them along with their fellow students from
the KIDI Il-song University Hall. 11hen the basic training was completed the students
were assigned to each research institute according to their special fields of
study and pursued their researches under the direction of the chief, deputy
chief of the institute and research workers, The period of research including the
basic training was three years and after the lapse of three years they graduated
whether they completed the preparation of the thesis of degree or not After the
graduation the students were assigned to colleges or production workshops where they
continued their research wore during the period of two three years until `(.hey were
able to cor..q)lete thei thesis for a degree .
Darin- the past the research students were enrolled from among college gra-
duates who passed the entrance examination successfully. But since many
of them were unable to ,r?ite a thesis until after completion of the three-year
course, a new regulation was enforced by which college graduates with good
,ecords were assigned to various workshops to find out a subject of special
research through their practical experiences and to collect materials for the
thesis, and such students were admitted on application with the -recommendation
of the workshop chief. There was mach competition, up to 20 : 1, but there was
even more competition to obtain the recommendation of the workshop chiefs who
would refuse to write simply because the applicants were needed in their workshops.
One or two research students were recruited annually for each research course
c: 50-60 students were selected in all. In addition to the regular research students
there were correspondence students who were chosen from among college graduates
assigned to workshops and were Given guidance in the preparation of their thesis
fo, a doctor's degree The correspondence research students went through the three
gear course while attending their workshops. But they were required to carry on
their research work in a research institute of their special field of study during
three months' vacation annually. However, a correspondence student rarely wrote
a thesis within the three year period and in practical cases they held somewhat
respons_ble positions in their workshops, and so they were unable to exclusively
devote to their research work even during the three months vacation. In this way
the :'Lcademtr authorities are now working out a new method to improve the operation
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no remarkable results. But in 1959, at a congress of scientists many scientists were
criticized for their leisured attitude for research and their research work irrelevant
with production process. Furthermore, they were blamed for their poor research
results inferior to those of the technicians in the laboratories of the production
factor Lea . Consequently a resolution was made among the scientists that they
should quit their past attitude of research in order to launch new research work
directly profiting production activities in parallel with pure scientific research.
Be; finning from 1961, the No nth Korean Government poured its greatest effort in the
field of compounding chemistry, especially in the developments of synthetic fiber
and synthetic rubber and other nnolti-molecule compounding chemistry which had a
direct relation with the people's living according to the Seven Year Economic Plan.
So the government concentrated almost all chemists in the iIungnam and lamhung areas
which is the center of chemical industry in North Korea.
Investment in the Scientific research
12 In 1953 the North Korean Science duseum was created, but the construction of its
exterior building was completed only in 1960 The total amount of investment in
scientific research in North :orea was un noz;'n, but the budget for its research work
was in charge of the national planning committee and the investment for its const-
ruction projects was taken care of by the national construction committee. In
1070 more importance was placed on production in the scientific research work and a
large number of scientists was transferred from various research organizations
hinder the control of the AcadehV of Sciences to the production factories,
and as a result there was a considerable cut in the research work expenditures
Me amount of i.n-.,cstment in the scientific research work varied according to the
annual national economic plan. In 1957 the rescareh in chemistry and physics took
::'cat shares of the invested amount: --l00, 000, 000 Won for chemistry and 300, 000, 000
Won ph.,"s:Ic , 1 The invested money in the field of chemistry was expended in placing
o ?ders for the design of the Central Assay Office, Academy of Sciences and its internal
equipment from East Ge ?maily and the said design and equip :mcnt i aterials began to
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arrive in north Korea since 1 59 . The ground lc-1-cling work for the construction of
;,he Central Assay Office was commenced in 1;60, and when the building is completed
pith some changes in the external model of des:i..1 sent from East Germany the building
as well as the i_mnorted chel i-cal equipment .Till _ be jointly used with the chemical
research institute As for the research o physics,. 300, 000, 000 Won worth of
various equipment was ordered from the Soviet Union and Czechoslo-vrakia in 1957.
Thcsc wrc-'c chiefly radio reactors and other research instruments u'.lich began to arrive
li i;o ch Korea since 1959. It was not certain whether the invested amount in the
old of Whys i_cs also included the equipment fund for the atomic engirt _ esearch
institute, but the physicists agreed that 300 , 000, 000 Won was enough to procure
c:;_anlete equipment of the physical research
;elat.i.ons with Scientific 'coca.--ch Organizations Abroad.
As it was stated in the above, the Academy o ' Sciences exchanged reports on the
scieiit i:L'ic devclo-oracn'tc ,,i_th fore:i ^z scientific research organizations i:,
pi'ocec:dcd with i`; s cm :.research work. In o.'hc-' words it imported scientific
_i.fornnation from foreign countries and it introduced the results of research in
;orth Korea to other nations. North Korea and the Soviet Union sigled an agreement
e-:' the exchange of scientific information by which the scientists of both countries
]lee t in Moscow in auto mi each year Go discuss scientific problems . About :f'i'le or
f,i:' c '_eutist ' were dispatched "f"rom NC rth Korea each ','ea to "m)artici_jvate in the
di scuuss `ons of their special fields of research In 1959 the deputy chief o: the
chemical research institute (na.ne unlno: rl) represented north Korea in the Moscow meet--',.n;
T he exchange of scicnti:~.'ic -information was also nadc with other Communist nations
north Korea chiefly received information on metallurgical engineering from China,
chemical engineering :,''rom East Germany, mechanical engineering from Czechoslovakia,
,rirelcss cug:inee:_?:i_nl- and medicine from IIungar,,r
~~ The )r_i_nc:,aoa_ method of exchan e was in the mutual dispatch of regular
sc.cnt:'.i":i_c journals and. collection of essays, and when an irrmortant article was
resented the North Koreas scientist who handled the subject was invited to partici-
_)atc in the presentation meeting. 50X1-HUM
The scientific books of all Communist nations included regular journals and
col_l.ect _ons of essays and -these were handled by the boo,; distributing agency of the
North Korean Cm vvcrnincnt which supplied the books to the subscriber's on application.
50X1-HUM
:7hen a research organ:Lzat.'.on under the
control of the Academy of Sciences was confronted with a bottleneck in the course
of :i_ts research and its solution was impossible in North Korea the scientist in
char;-.?c of that research was dispatched to the country of best development in this
field to inn"Ce a special research in that country during six months or a full year
In the :field o' Chemis tr`' a man named KII'l IIyo-yon`; (nta), an instructor of
;,physics and chcmistr ' in the Kill Il-song University and a research -, ,-oa:-hcr 4n --he
chemical research institute, Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union during a period
o::' six .months after he had visited j ussia in April_ 1959. In 19511 IIOi1G Ka-hyong? (nta),
an assistant research worker in the chemical research institute. went to the organic
chemistry research :i_ns'ti.tute , Soviet Academy of Sciences, where he finished three-
ycar. -studs- on multi iolecule compounds, received bachelor's degree and was promoted
to a research worker in the chemical research institute in North Korea where he
returned in 195'i'.
In f-;_vc, Soviet scientists (three smelter specialists and two metallurgical
s-oecial:ists) arrived in 11orth Korea on invitation to assist in the repair of the
smelters in the thianghae Ironworks. As first seven research workers from the Academy
of Sciences in P'yon ;yang were dispatched to the _i_ron,?rorks to fix the smelters, but
they ?re.-:re unable to solve an operational drawback in the repaired smelters e-;-en
thou h ti,c;;- were aided by the technical staff of the ironworks.
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1'hc three Soviet- smelter specialists chief 1;;- c.mlnincd the hot a:ir furnaces
a -id shortened the sr:lcitc_:''.nf ti.me bf solution of the problem until the end of
1 5'j Up to that tJ_ne was iimmossible _-."o_' the North Korean technicians to s intain
-t iic 'oul' hob a'. furnaces in the IlwmaJlae at a tenioeraturc of 700 decrees
1' lis`_il them altcrnati vel;; . But it was uifmoSm as to how much it did prof i the
oduCt:ioil, The af0_'Ci1C'11~:i oeecI Soviet specialists s-'---,,red in Borth Korea until he
n
of ~~210'ther 'rou"p of l hrcc So TJ_c t scientists ai'r 7ved in the !)lot plant
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f ac to es c ul shed :i n the Pent `uCi` ChCi,11Cal ZC 7C ice Lec2
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I .Ciallti, could 11'J i i last 5010 ' sC -ei tit 1_n the Soviet ACaC:C11 ) _ $c :t :nces
c.ni c and s ccoeded 7.71 :cey tat n the tclsoe a tui'C in t11C tower' and 7uarantecCL
;.i_ ;'.ilaluaJ_ 'product _on .) l i' ra tl L1.1'i10I1 a we Co ~'90 00^ tons
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Lank and Position: Chief, Lan ua_-,e and Literature Fe:;carch Institute
1o _? th 'ean Academy of Sciences
(n?a:.)
e ears ,,O _..C_ Ches _s--Researekl T;:1 _U , uNorth Korean Academ - of Sciences
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