KRASNY PROLETARIY FACTORY, ORDZHONIKIDZE MACHINE TOOL FACTORY, KOLOMNA WORKS FOR HEAVY MACHINERY - MOSCOW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A059800050001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 12, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 3, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material oontains lnformstion sttectlag the National Defense of the United States wlthla the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.B.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unautborized Derson >e prohibited by law.
c_F_ r._ R_F-T
COUNTRY USSR (Moscow Oblast)
August 1961
~a~sn~ P~oletar~y Factory, Ordzhonikidze DATE DISTR.
Machine Tool Factory, Kolomna Works
for Heavy Machinery -Moscow {~j~?~~";" NO. PAGES
REFERENCES RD
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFT CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
attachment 1: KrasnyyProletariyMachine Plant in Moscow. e a s
number of workers, production norms, and methods of manufacture and
assembly.
Attachment ~: Ordzhonikidze Machine Tool Factory in MOSCCw. Details
on number of workers, production methods, and 'types of machines.
Attachment 3: Kolomna Works for Heavy Machinery in Moscow. Details
on number of workers, production methods, and types of machines/
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U.S . S. R.
Uef ence/Ecor,,odic
rasnii Proleta_rii ~ iS-ioscosr
~i?F}5N y I~RoRe TAR ~'
1':r. iL. G. r il_atov -Chief hngineer.
i~'^. ~.. J. Solot~n - Chief Technological Ln~;ineer,
'T'his is one of the oldest machine tool fac~cories in t;e
U. S. S.R. and has already celebrated its O~,ntenary.. Pair. .A?G~?:i.lutov
himself had been with the faaaory for some 2~ years and yeas ~. mcst
experi:r;ceu machine tool engineer. In horo~Sr of it technical and
production achieven;ent ~ the factory has been ayaarded the 0:: der of
Lenin and also the Urder of the Red Bar;ner.
2. The factory employs about 6,000 people and h:.ts a production
of about 1~O~athes per day, ~ahich is equivalent to 12,000 ~athes a year,
3. Only one size of ~athe is produced. This has a syring of 16"
and can be supplied not only yrith varying bed lengths, but also in several
versions for manufacturing and toolroom use, 1^op speed is 3,000 r. p. m.
and a 11~ kiloyratt motor is fitted as standard. ~_ll unnecessary finish
is eliminated, for example gears running at under 800 ft. are shaved
and heat treated but not ground. Over 800 ft. all gears are ground.
The beds of the manufacturing~thes are ground but those for the
precision toolroom ,~ersion hand scraped. Similar.?1y, shafts "running
in air" are ground.
~-. So far as accuraoy is concerned all machine tools are made
to an agreed standard yrhich can be varied to suit the specification
requestE~ in the order. Inspection is absolutely rigid to this standard
,:nd quite independent of production, in fact the Chief Inspector is
responsible to an authority outside the factory. In the case of
machines for export the thoroughness of their inspection is accentuated
?~ecause of national prestige.
~' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~'~ethods of :~-;anufaeture.
~A~.S ONIY
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1.:ethods of i~ianufacture
5. Special purpose machines rave been designed and built in
the factory ir.~orporating multiple tools for such operations as
~~~achining the apron casings in a cycle time of tt-~o minutes with
automatic transfer mechanism. inhere is frequ?nt use of drum type
indexing fixtures. Applications of speoial tooling on plano-m~.lliarg
machines i.s very well done, one machine ~_ncorporated 21, another i3
separate tungsten carbide milling cutters, The primary much~.nes in
use are of top qualit~r Russian design and manufacture,
Assembly
6. The~athes are assembled on a movi~ig track ?:~d the component
parts are transferred to the assembly line in the same manner as used
for a motor car assembly track,
1. $N ~
Finally, machines are ;finish painted mounted on a circular
moving track, ti-rhich also takes them through the drying oven.
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1.'oscotir Orjonikidze i:;achine Tool Factory, :~oseovr,
Defence/~eonomic.
irr. V, D;.Zhuravlev -Chief ~nginee~~,
Otiving to the nature of the ~;rork, anc: possibly as a rela.c
of earlier times, the entrance to this factory tiva g~~~.rded by awned
police.
2, Y;icht from -che inception about a quarter of a centary ado
this factory has been lurge'.y devoted to the design, develcp7aent and
manufacture of the more special types of production rru;,hine of a complex
nature; latterly devoting much greater attention to large iransper Lines
yrhich yvill be referred to latero
3. The technical staff is highlt% specialised ~4nd is frequently
used in a consultative capacity for technical help :~~d "knovr-hoyv" not
only by the industries in the Soviet liizion but also tha mass production
industries in other associated countries such as China, roland, Yiv~igary etc.
~+. In current production are the Soviets c~.~n version of multiple
vertical spindle Chucking :i achines of amore advanced design th:~n the
Bullard and Syder, each station being equipped ~?rith a unit sometivha.t similar
to the individually built vertical spindle Boring 1_achne knocrn as the
Bullard "i~~ian-a-trol" tirhich can be converted to asemi-automatic machine.
In the 8-spindle rna.chine, each station incorporates a fully automatic
machine in itself. These machines are nornk~lly supplied heavily tooled
5.
The usual technical snags (r;.achine design and tirork subject
modifications) that develop tirith neti-r Transfer Lines and create bottle-
necks and holdups in the shop yrhere they are produced, necessitate their
Yiaving a major fill-up job and in this connection they manufacture about
200250 6-spindle Bar 3.>achines per annum. This quantity is spread over
three sizes. Because of the large factory area and the many machines
~~ 11 T6~ oito be seen...
u. s. DF LS OHLY ~
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to be seen time did not permit a detailed examin?tion of the Automatics
btt the 1" size, altho~h obviously much larger and heavier than the
`,Dickman had a maximum top speed of only 2,200 r.p.m. The quantities
specified of ~00~250 were actually being made but it ~~~as in fact only
a fill up job as there are tvro other major factories d voted largely
to "r.:ulti-Spindle machines which are prod aced in much greater qu~~.ntities,
6~ Technically both from a design and marufaoturing point of Sriew
this organisation can be relied upon sa~t~ sfactorily to execute a~ 1
contracts that it undertakes no matter how special or complicated the
machines may be, and no doubt the final result vrould compare favourably
with the products of a firm such as Gebr, FJeller G.m~'b.H etc.
7. The labour force Totals approximately betvr~-en 5,0006,000
and both the heavy and light shops are -y;ell laid out and are divided
into secta.ons for spacial tooling, unit heads, special machines and
erection. The plant is completely self-~cont?ined and does not purchase
anythi.~g o~;tside other than tart materials and Stems such as ball and
roller bearings and electric motors. There are tvvo Transfer achines
almost complate, one approximately 75 ft long, for the complete machining
of large size 6-cylinder diesel engine blocks to operate in a cycle
time of 12 minutes, the other being a shorter line for the corresponding
cylinder head. r. huge engine block line has been supplied to the
Chelyabinsk Tractor Factory controlled by c:ie operator.
8.
The machine tools in use in this factory ace 80~b Prussian,
of modern design and obviously maint~~.ined in first-class condition.
NrRO~
~ o~~r
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Ve iJ! C1t ll.
Def ence1Economic
+~ Kolomna y'dorks for Heavy i~,lachiner
i~:;r. I. iii. Shahrai -Director
?rlr. I, S. Ionov - Engi7eer
P:~ir. LJ. Chernomorez - ~'ngineer.
The factory itself employs over 6,000 hands on the
production of heavy machine tools end ?,was formerly engaUed in the
manufacture of agricultural equipment, but following the embargo by
the DT. A. T. U. Potiyers on the srpply of most types of heavy machine tools
to the U. S. S.R. the factory was changed over to the production of some of
these heavy machine tools. This occurred about the time of the 1'orear.~
'~~ar and the result has been a most spectacular achievement i.n the shor~i;
space of little more than ten years. The expansion has been so great
that (probably in order not to disturb pr~duetion) separate buildings
have been erected for various actin iti~:s yri~i h the result that the u:zder-
taking as a whole covers a huge area. It possesses its oti~n ferrous and
non-ferrous foundries and, with the exception of raw materials aria bought-
out components such as hearings and electric motors, etc. it is a completely
self-contained unit.
2. The current manufacturing lr ogrannne comprises a range of
Vertical Boring T'Iills, the largest of which brill accept yrork up~to
e~i~nuec~.~? of about o> flL, atr;: ie porrered by t;~~ro motor: of about lj~ n.p.
each. The heaviest machine of this type is catalogued to vreigh about
750 tons; Gear Robbing iachines up to a maximum of about 40 ft yrork
diameter with the heaviest catalogue yreight of 250 tons; Heavy Spline
Robbing I;achines; Heavy jlorm I~iilling i~~achines; Table Type Horizontal
Boring alachines in tyro sizes up to 6-,1,r" diameter spindle, Freight 26 tons;
Post i~::illing i,'iachines yrith weights exceeding 100 tons; Heavy Duty
Vertical Slotting ,_achines; Heavy Duty Shap3,ng iiachines; Long I3ed Copy
T~~ii~7~tr~:,~achines (Spar Type) up to 65 ft. long, yreighing about 150 tons;
sRO~
n_ c. ~FFI~IAIS QNIY
~T ool Rotating ...:~"'
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Tool Rotating Shaft Turning ~ achines; Horizontal I'ydra.ulic `.xtrusion
presses for tubes and sections; Vertical {ydraulic "i'resse~ t'or such
varied ap.;.,lications us tune ?nd pipe manufuctui?e, aircraft ca:~~onents
using rubber pad tooling; heavy ~iechanieal .~resses (lim~..ter ~.?ange);
Hydraulic Tube and Pipe Testing; messes; Hy~'raulic Presses {..,r ceralnic;s;
Die Casting i=achines. ~:iost of the hydraulic and ; Echanical tresses a:; e
built to s~~ecial require;nents but pressures as high as 10,000 tons and
tiraiglzts exeeedin~; 300 tons were noted.
3. These hugh rx-.chines are extre;;~.elJ Nell made in finely equipped
shops, assembled ti-rithout fuss and coi.~p~~se favourably ,vrith any maker of
similar large m~4ehines. I.~or convenience of manufacture the t~cbles ~.
the large Vertical Boring :~_ills are made in tyvo halves and assembled ti,~:~th
the centre line like tiro large combs in mesh. There were six of these
large Vertical Boring . Machines tirith tables up to about 30 ft. diameter
in erection in one chap and any of them can be assembled in 3~1}. months.
~-. ;;'hen the decision ~r~.s taeen to convert this factory from
agricultural equipr.~ient to heavy machine tools the urgency tiaras so great
that production ,naci~ine tools +rEre ti~rithdrarr~z from other faetori~:s in many
parts of the U. S. S. _:. As a result it is equipped :rith a bride selection
of m~_~chine tools of yvi~iciZ probably 50j~ are of Lussian ori~;in~
5. The labour is divided into three categories, roughly equivalent
to our skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled, and the basi~of Their wages
is piecework. ,here are various incentives and the performance of each
machine operator is publiei~ed by the colour of a f lag on his machine.
nor the operator who exceeds his quota there is a flag of one colour snd
for the one who is behind another colour, and in bettireen various other
colours denoting various degrees of efficiency. The difference in
earnings between a typical. low output operator and a typical high
output operator colzld be as much as one third.
6. ~". ne~rr method is used o1 burnishing large flat surfaces by
means of a special carbide tool and special lubricant under pressure
T R ~n a planyng .... .
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on a ;= lining J`~iachine, ti:~hich dispenses tiaith scr~~.ping for all ~.:r,epting
super precision surfaces. They also eruploy a netiY n~.ter. ial -:~'?l~.ch is u
substitute for cast iron and had been used fox- x.11 major ''ca.~.:ings" of
a l~.rge planing i:-achine that had been in operation for seven years.
This r~~aterial is "the baby of the .,orks ?director". Tne Russ; an
~:;velopment ~.~gineers thernselve; had been s~el~tical for a long time
about this development but are now cornple+ely satisfied as to its
suitability for a wide range of con~~onents~ They estir~~ate that this
new material grill reduce the cost to one fifth that of cast is?on.
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