INFORMATION ON SOVIET TOWNS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A058000010001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 59
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 7, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
1TRY USSR
CT
CQ.
REPORT
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Information on Soviet Towns DATE DISTR. 1 March 1961
NO. PAGES 2
REFERENCES
SOURCEGRAwm, C. V
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TENT IS TENTATIVE.
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reports on Soviet towns
a.
Bykovskiy Peninsula, Tiksi (N 71-36, E 128_1l-8). and Yakutsk
N 62-00 E l29_14-0), Yakutsk AMR,, seven pages
General town information.
b. Kalinin (N 56-52, E 35-55), Kalinin Oblast, delibpages and two to
The report include
information on transportation routes, industrial plants, and
personalities.
C,
sketch plansL
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?
The report includes information on railroa 1 -HUM
Kaliningrad (N 54-43, E 20-30), Kaliningrad Oblast, five pages
stations, industrial plants, and personalities. Reference is made
to an Army division known as the Moscow Division, located in Moscow
Rayon. No public air-raid shelters had been constructed, and no gener#10Pjl
air-raid alarms had recently taken place. Air-raid shelters were
being constructed in the cellars of new apartment buildings. '41000740
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h N 4 -01, E 24-22), Ukrainian SSR, four pages
The report includes a few details on' industrial plants
and loca es some municipal buildings.
e. Kansk (N 56-1----PL-ar---2LIA-__KnasCray, town sketch plan and
page legend, . The report locates
:industrial plants, airfields, and a secret military installation
/ eastern otskirts of town.
f.
Leningrad, Leningrad Oblast, seven pages and. sketrql
The report includes details
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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
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plants and locates 50 points in the town.
Novosibirsk (N 55-02, E 82-55), Novosibirsk Oblast, seven pages,
The report includes details on
industrial plants, transportation, and personalities.
Omsk (N 55-00, E 73-2)-i-), Omsk Oblast, four pages and sketch plan,
The plan locates 25 points, including 50X1-HUM
installations.
industrial plants and military
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i. Simferopol (N )-i-4-57, E 34-06), Ci-imean Oblast, six pages and sketch
plan The report includes information 50X1-HUM
on institutes, schools, and transportation. The sketch plan locates
55 points.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
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: USSR (Omsk Oblast)
: General Information and Town Plan of Omsk
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1. Former prisoners formed a sizeable part of the population of Omsk and
included Russians who were POW's during the war and Ukrainians who were
members of the Bandera armed underground. The housing situation in
Omsk was generally bad but was particularly serious among these former prisoners.
In 1957, families of five and six lived in one room.
2. Downtown Omsk and the newer houses in the suburbs were provided with
central sewage and water supply systems. New buildings were heated by
steam (parovoye otopleniye). Because of the shortage of electrical power,
the restays of various plants and groups of plants were staggered; the
tire plant, for example, was idle on Fridays while the aircraft plants were
idle on Sundays.
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3. The television station in Omsk was still under construction in 1957 and
was to have been put into operation by the end of that year. At that time,
there was no automatic telephone exchange.
Two trolle us lines had been in operation since 1955. One connected
Plant No. 29 with the center of town and the other traveled between
downtown and Zakhlamino.
5. Attached is a town plan of Omsk with legend as follows:
1. Wooded area, guarded by soldiers and surrounded by barbed-wire and
watchtowers. Tanks and fielWguns, covered with tarpaulins, stood
among the trees.
2. Shipyards (Sudoremontny Zavod) for the repair of river-going craft.
Most of the repairs were carried out in the winter.
3. Plant No. 20 (Zavod Nr. 20), Which produced gauges for aircraft. It
worked in three shifts andell its personnel are screened. No
expansion during recent years reported at this site. A branch
of the plant was completed in 1957 near the Kultury I Otdikha Park
and apparently also manufactured aircraft gauges.
4. Central telegraph office and nostoffice (Glav. Telegraf I Glav. Pochta).
5. Gorispolkom.
6. Combine and Threshing Machine Assembly Plant, Which began operation in
1956 and worked in three shifts. Most of the parts for the machines are
brought from other plants.
j. Railroad Institute (Zheldorozhny Institut) for the training of railroad
engineers.
B. Oblast IND and Oblast KGB.
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). Kalinin Medical Institute (Med. Institut).
10. Ferry station. The ferry operated only from May to November. It
was still in operation in 1)57.
Tets I power station, coal-burning.
12. Ulitsa Lenina highway bridge over the Om River, an old bridge
made of steel. It served vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The
streetcar bridge Which was adjacent to it collapsed in 1944 and was
not used.
LI-7). New highway bridge over Om Aver, put into operation in 1955. It
streetcar
carried a/line. The bridge was three times the length of the old
Ul. Lenina bridge.
Port for river craft, equipped with wooden piers. There was no rail
siding.
15. Sibir Hotel and Sibir Restaurant.
L6. Aviation Institute (Aviatsyonny Institut), Which trained aeronautical
engineers.
17. Infantry Officers' School.
18. City Komendatura and other military offices (no details).
1). Airfield serving Plants No. 23 and 1.66.
20. Rosa Lujsemburg Machine Plant, which probably produced precision machine
parts.
r--
21. Plant No. 29, the Baranova Plant, which manufactured aircraft engines,
I\
in/ecent years only jet engines. The plant employed 10,000
The noise caused by the breaking in of the engines, which seriously
disturbed the entire neighborhood, had diminished since 1955. The
plant was surrounded by a board fence, 3 meters high.
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22. Tire Plant.
23. Aircraft Plant No. 166, which employed 13,000 workers. The f
TU-l0 /i was reportedly assembled at this plant.
2. Highway bridge over the Irtish River, about 5 meters above the
river. The center part of the bridge was supported by pontoons and
could be moved to permit the passage of boats.
25. Tets II power station, coal-burning. It supplied power primarily
to industrial plants.
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COUNTRY:
SUBJECT:
SECRET
a/t6
USSR (Leningrad Oblast)
Industrial Information on Leningrad
1. The Vidvizhenets Paint Factory in Leningrad was located on
Irinovskiy Prospekt, in the Okhta rayon at the outskirts of
the city. Until 1959, the plant had been subordinate to the
Directorate of Local Industry. Since its merger with the
nearby Tar Paper Plant (Toleviy Zavod) in mid-1959, however,
the Vidvizhenets plant had been subordinate to the Leningrad
Sovnarkhoz. The plant employed a total of about 550 people,
of wham 500 were workers and 50 were engineers, chemists,
laboratory workers, etc. Most of the plant's output went to
foundries where the paints were used as auxiliary materials.
The united plant comprised the following departments:
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a. Lithopone Department.
b. Zinc White (Tsinkovoye Belilo) Department.
c. Oil Paints Department.
d. Department for the production of paints for
foundries.
e. Tar Paper Department.
2. The "Svetlana" Plant in Leningrad, which mass produced domestic
electrical appliances and light bulbs (shirpotreb), was located
at the end of Prospekt Engelsa, on the WWf to Oziorki. Streetcar
lines numbers 20, 21, 23 and 26 connected the plant with the
town center.
3. The Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (Leningradskiy Politekh-
nicheskiy Institut) was located on the outskirts of town in
the direction of the Sosnovka Settlement, near the Institute
of Boiler and Turbine Research (Kotlo-Turbinniy Naucho-Isledo-
vatelskiy Institut). The Boiler Institute and the Polytechnic
Institute were rumored to share common research projects. Air
Force personnel were continuously passing through Sosnovka to
and from the direction of Leningrad; there apparently was a
military airfield in the vicinity of the settlement.
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4. A nonferrous metals research institute (gipronikiel) was
located by the Kazan Church on Nevskiy Proapekt (no further
details).
The State Institute of Applied Chemistry (Gosudarstvengyy
Institut Prikladnoy Khimii - GIPKh) was rumored to conduct
research into gases (no further details).
6. LENIN, the atomic-powered icebreaker, was constructed at the
Baltiysk Shipyard in Leningrad.
7. No important improvements had been made in the economic con-
ditions of Soviet industrial workers since the death of Stalin.
The average wage of an industrial worker was barely sufficient
to support a small family, and his wife was often compelled to
work to supplement his income. In contrast to the silence once
maintained, there was now open criticism over this state of
affairs, both in private conversations and at workers meetings
in the presence of Party representatives. Such complaints
against the low standard of living had allegedly been heard
at workers meetings of various Leningrad plants; the workers
even dared to compare their standard of living with that of
their counterparts in the West. According to these workers,
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the exact details of the workers conditions in the West had
been brought back by the many Soviet delegations which had
visited western countries, and western workers enjoyed a
higher standard of living than Soviet workers.
8. ?fficials of the Vidvizheniets Paint Factory
a. Ivanova (fnu) (female), chief engineer of
the plant
b. Gordon (fnu), chief designer at the plant
and a mechanical engineer by profession,
c. Nikolgy Venyaminovich Petrov, director of
the chemical laboratories at the plant and
a chemical engineer by profession
9. Attached is a sketch and legend of the city of Leningrad.
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Legend to Sketch of Leningrad
1. Prison.
2. Oblast hospital and clinic.
3. Voroshilov Military Chemistry Academy.
4. Lenenergo Offices.
5. Oblast MOB 5037 Directorate.
6. MVD Office, which issued entry permits for border areas.
V/
7. Naval barracks at Solyanoy Perylok.
8. Officers Club (Dom Ofitserov).
9, Oblispolkom.
10. Post office.
U. Oblast Communications Directorate (Oblastnoye Upravlenie
Sviazi).
12. Gorsovet.
13. Diesel Engine Plant (Russkiy Disel).
14. Engine Plant (Dvigatel).
15. Krasnva Zarya Communications Instruments Plant.
16. Aviation Products Plant.
17. Baburinskiye Kazarmi (barracks).
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19. Kushelevka railroad station.
20. Bus repair workshops.
21. Kirov Military Medical Academy.
22. Cultural Palace (Dvorets Kulturi).
23. Nonferrous Metals Plant.
24. Stankolit Foundry and Metalwork Machinery Plant.
25. Kinapo Motion Picture Equipment Plant.
26. Stalin Turbine Plant.
27. VOlokno Textile Plant.
28. Military School for Political Officers.
29. Pneumatika Pneumatic Tools Plant.
30. Kotliakva Foundry.
31. Kazitskty Communications and Television Instruments Plant.
32. Optical Instruments Research Institute.
33. The law faculty of the university.
34. Branch of the Academy of Sciences.
35. State Institute of Applied Chemistry.
36. Party School.
37. Town Clinic No. 38.
'IT
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38. Baltiysk Shipyard.
39. Obkom.
40. Marti Shipyard.
41. Sudomekh Shipyard.
42. Kazan Church (Kazanskiy Sobor).
43. Krasniy Sudostroitel Shipyard.
44. Naval Plant (no details).
45. Bolshaya Cthta barracks.
46. Burevestnik Electrical Equipment Plant.
47. Naval School.
48. Malo Okhtenskiy Prospekt.
49. Bolshoy Okbtenskih Most (bridge).
O. Vatniy Ostrov Chemical Plant.
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
SECRET
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: USSR (Novosibirsk Oblast)
: The City of Novosibirsk
Industry
1. Instrumentalniy Z-D, Which was located on Komunisticheskaya Street,
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in Novosibirsk, was a former Leningrad plant which was transferred to
Novosibirsk at the outbreak of World War II. The plant occupied a huge
four-story structure surrounded by a number of auxiliary buildings. It was
divided into the following three basic departments: Preparations Department
(Podgotovitielniy Tsekh), Forges and Presses Department (Kuznechno -
Pressoviy Tsekh), and Instruments Manufacturing Department (Instrumentalniy
Tsekh). Instrumentalniy Z-D, which employed 1,000 to 1,200 workers,
manufactured various types and sizes of spanners and spare parts for
ern=
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agricultural machinery. Until 1956, it also manufactured vehicle fuel
tanks, some of which were exported to
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2. Plant No. 702, a ferrous metals rolling mill, was located on Stantsionnaya
Street in the Kirovskiy Rayon. It was the former Zaporozhstal Factory
which had been transferred from Zaporozhe to Novosibirsk during World
War II. The plant was subordinate to the Ministry of Ferrous Metals
(Ministerstvo Chernoy Metalurgii) and employed 3,000 to 3,500 workers in
three shifts. It stretched over a large area and included five industrial
buildings (rabochiy korpus). Since 1954, two new, buildings of a similar
type had been under construction; they had not been completed in
1957. A workers housing proct (vostochniy posiolok) was located in
the vicinity of the plant.
3. Plant No. 702 was divided into the following departments:
a. Rolling Department (Prokatniy Tsekh).
b. Cold Rolling Shop (Kholodnaya Prokatka).
c. Hot Rolling Shop (Goriachaya Prokatka).
d. Enameling Department.
e. Acid Processing Department (travilnoye Otdielenie).
f. Forge.
g. Laboratory.
The metal billets which were supplied by the metallurgical plant at
Magnitogorsk were rolled into various thicknesses of sheet steel.
4. The SIBSELMASH plant, the largest factory in Novosibirsk, was located
?
in the vicinity of Plant No. 702, oppostie the Krivoshchokovo railroad
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station close to the track leading to Moscow. During the war SIBSELMASH,
which was called Combine No. 179, manufactured military products in general
and all types of ammunition in particular. It also incorporated
various plants which had been transferred from other Soviet towns. At
the end of the war, an FZO-type vocational trailing school (Fabrichno
Zavodskoye Obuchenie) was established at the plant to train skilled
workers far various branches of the metal industry. Since the end
of the war, SIBSELMASH had been manufacturing all types of agricultural
machinery, including combines, seed drills, sieves and cleaners, and
fertilizer spreaders. It seemed, however, that the plant was still geared
to war production, for it continued to manufacture ammunition
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The
continued
159,
plant employed fewer workers
to employ many thousands.
than it had during
The new number
the war,
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5.
6.
but it nevertheless
of the plant, 59 or
Novo
The Olovo Zavod lead
received lead ore,
sibirsk vicinity.
The Gidrotiazhkopresoviy
foundry
which it
enriched and smelted, from
mines in the
and metalwork
Z-D manufactured heavy presses
machines
7. In 1957, construction was started on a turbogenerator factory (Turbinno-
Generatorniy Z-D) in the Yeresnaya Quarter of Kirovskiy Rayon.
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the plant was to have been completed in late 1958 (no further details.)
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8. While still winter in early 1955, heavy rain fell for a whole day in
Novosibirsk, a highly unusual phenomenon for that time of the year. Rumors
began spreading among the local population that the rain was the result
of nuclear experiments having been made in the vicinity. (Details lacking).
9. A television station had been established in a three or four-story building
with an antenna farm, which included some 50-meter tall aerial masts,
in the vicinity of the Krivoshchokovo railroad station in the Kirovskiy
Rayon.
10. Apartment houses for industrial workers were under construction in the
Kirovskiy Rayon, on the left bank of the Ob. A shopping center, surrounded
by many five- and six-story apartment houses had been constructed in
the center of the district. The majority of the buildings were constructed
of "Shlakobeton" blocks.
Transportation and Utilities
11. A small civilian airfield whichwils used by single-engined aircraft
was located in the northern part of Novosibirsk. From this airfield
there were air routes to Moscow and the Far East. The runways were
unsurfaced, compressed earth tracks.
12. A large military airfield where
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were parked was located near the Tolmachovo settlement, 6 or 7 kilometers
from the town
line.
13. The Ob River was
on the right-hand side of the Novosibirsk/Moscow railroad
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used by both passenger and freight shipping. The freight
craft conveyed agricultural produce (potatoes and grain), coal and
construction materials to Novosibirsk. In 1956, when the construction
of a new highway bridge was completed, the pontoon bridge which had
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previously spanned the river was dismantled. The new bridge was about
1.5 kilometers long and 35 to 40 meters wide. It carried a special
streetcar lane in addition to vehicle lanes and pavements for pedestrians.
Its clearance was sufficiently high for passage of all types of river
craft.
14. Public transport in Novosibirsk was provided by streetcars, trolleybuses,
buses and taxis. The central streetcar station was located in the
vicinity of the theater. From there, the streetcars traveled in all
directions and connected the suburbs and large industrial plants with
the town center. The route of streetcar No. 4 ran from the town center
to Kirovskiy Rayon and terminated by the Krivoshchokovo railroad station.
Streetcar No. 6 also ran from the town center to Kirovskiy Rayon, but
its terminus was located by the Turbogeneratorniy Z-D.
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15. There werg? two fuel depots (Neftebaza) in Novosibirsk. One, which was
the town depot (Gorodskaya Neftebaza), was located in the vicinity of
the railroad freight station (Glavnaya Tovarnaya Stantsiya). This depot
occupied an extensive site, in which many 4,5- and 6-meter tall fuel
containers could be seen. The depot, which was served by a railway spur,
was rumored to also comprise underground fuel containers. The other fuel
depot was located in the vicinity of the passenger port (Pasazhirskiy
Port) on the right bank (Praviy Bereg) of the Ob River. 50X1-HUM
this depot supplied fuel for both the military and civilian needE50X1-HUM
of the entire Novosibirsk Oblast. Fuel was transported on the Ob both to
and from the depot by special tanker craft.
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16. The town's central water supply system apparently exploited water pumped
from the Ob, although no outstanding pumping station or water tower was
known to exist.
17. The town sewage system was underdeveloped, and the sewage drained into
the Ob. The drains were too narrow to run off all the waste water,
particularly during the spring thaw or after heavy rainfalls, when all
the low lying streets and houses were flooded. Floods were also caused
by the overflowing of the Ob. This generally occurred in the spring,
but the height to which the river rose varied from year to year. The
authorities had constructed a dam to prevent flooding, but its efficacy
was questionable.
18. Krasniy Prospekt was the town's main street and ran from the southern
end of town by the mouth of the Ob, to the northern end by the civilian
airfield. An avenue of trees had been planted down the center of the
street, which was asphalt-surfaced and 25 to 30 meters wide. The second
largest street, Prospekt Stalina, was 15 to 16 meters in width and was
also asphalt-surfaced. The stone-paved Ulitsa Sibirskaya, which was
10 to 13 meters in width, ran parallel to Krasniy Prospekt.
Personalities
19.
persons in Novosibirsk
a. Ladutin (fnu), director of Plant No. 702 during World War II
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b. Prokhorov (fnu), director of Plant No. 702 since 195
c. Belorusov (fhu), chief engineer at Plant No. 702
d. Takhtamirov (Thu), director of Instrum.entalniy Z-D
e. Kuznetsov (fhu), a Militia captain in charge of the 5th Militia
District in the Kirovskiy rayon of Novosibirsk
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
SECRET
act )
: USSR (Krasnoyarsk Kray)
: Town Plan of Kansk
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Attached is a town plan of Kansk with legend as follows:
1. Military airfield, which served trainers and which was also used for
parachute training. Three or four houses of three to four stories each
were located on the grounds, and a fuel depot consisting of about
10 aluminum-colored tanks stood on one side of the field. The tanks
reportedly contained aircraft fuel.
2. Prison, an old, stone and brick, three-story building with a peaked roof.
Prisoners who were to be sent to labor camps in the area were detained there.
3. Prison courtyard, called "Square of the 17 Fighters" (Ploshchad 17 Bortsov).
This yard was formerly used for sorting the prisoners who were to be sent
to the labor camps and was called "Stop-Over Square" (Etapovaya Ploshchad).
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4. Ul. Maxima Gorkovo (?).
5. Kansk railroad station.
6. Workers housing of the Hydrolization Plant (Gidrolizniy Posiolok).
7. Hydrolization plant (Gidrolizniy Zavod).
8. Mechanical Plant and Foundry(Mekhanichesko Liteyniy Zd.).
9. Pulping Plant (Drobilniy Zavod), which supplied the hydrolization plant.
10. Prison camp whose inmates worked at the pulping plant. It contained a
hospital for the treatment of all sick prisoners in the area.
11. Wooden bridge over the Kan River for pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
It connected the industrial quarter and the prison camp.
12. Wooden bridge on concrete supports for pedestian, vehicular and rail'
traffic. It was about 300 meters long and 12-15 meters wide. The bridge
showed signs of instability and, since 1956, trucks with heavy loads or
loads of exceptional volume (e.g. straw, hay) had been denied use of
the bridge. There was talk of building a new bridge for the trains.
13. Military camp consisting of wooden and brick barracks.
14. Airfield Which, since 1956-1957, had been capable of accommodating jet
aircraft. It occupied a large (?) area and contains many (?) concrete-
surfaced runways.
An air force unit, housed in brick buildings, was
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stationed at the field.
15. Textile Combine (Tekstilniy Kombinat), a large plant producing cotton fabrics.
16. Depot, including workshops, for buses of the Kansk urban transpoztation
system.
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17. Thermal power station (TETS) of the textile Combine
18. MUnbipal power station, coal-birninri.
19. Secret military installation.
no one left or entered the site.
Many
(?) telephone lines led to the site and 6'number of antennas rose from it.
20. City hospital.
21. Unpaved road called Ashkaulskiy Trakt.
22. Ul. Uritskovo.
23. Highway called Moskovskiy Trakt.
24. Arm of the Kan River, locally referred to as Rukav (branch or sleeve),
into which the logs that were floated down the Kan were directed. The
lumber was pulled un the shore, taken to the pulping plant, and finally to
the hyrolization plant.
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
: USSR (Kalinin Oblast)
: 1. Military Airfield in Kalinin
2. General and Industrial Information on Kalinin
General
Kalinin had a population of 400,000, most of whom were Russians, and
was administratively divided into the following districts: Tsentralniy
Rayon, Proletarskiy Rayon, Oktiabrskiy Rayon, Novo-Promyshlenniy Rayon,
and Zavolzhskiy Rayon. Public transport facilities in the city were
provided by streetcars on the following routes:
a. Route 1, from the Proletarka Weaving Mill to the railroad station.
P. Route 2, from the Proletarka mill to the Iskozn Plant.
c. Route 3, from the meat combine (Miasokombinat) to the railroad
car plant in the Zavolzhskiy Rayon.
d. Route 4, from the Iskozh Plant to the railroad car plant.
c. Route 5, from the railroad station via the Zavolzhskiy Rayon to
Leningradskoye Shosse.
f. Route 6, from the railroad station to the meat combine.
g. Route 7, from the Novo-Promyshlenniy Rayon to Eigalovo.
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h. Route 8, from Posiolok Shelka to the Peremerki quarter.
i. Route ), from Posiolok Shelka to the brick factory.
Industry
The Radio Receiver Factory (Radio-Zavod) was located in the Proletarka
quarter, in the vicinity of the Proletarka cotton cloth weaving mill. 50X1 -HUM
The nature of the factory was highly secret, but it reportedly manufactured
radio receivers under military contract.
the plant
produced sets for military use only
Plant No. 513 was also of a highly secret nature
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Construction of the plait was begun before
the outbreak of World War II but was discontinued during the war. On
cessation of hostilities, the buildings were completed and fitted with
equipment taken from Germany as war booty. It was rumored that the
equipment of a German synthetic fiber factory had been transferred to
this plant. In addition to the civilian workers, Plant No. 513 employed
military labor units whose men wore black shoulder signs.
The railroad car plant was the largest industrial enterprise in Kalinin,
employing, some 7,000 to 8,000 workers. The plant _an'ifactured all
components of the railroad cars which it built. It occupied an extensive
area in the Zavolzhskiy Rayon. In the same rayon, very large chmical
Stores occupied a military znne, located on the left-hand side of the
road leading from the town center, one-half kilometer from the railroad
car plant. The entire zone, including the stores, was held by a unit
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of the Chemical Corps
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The Cotton Cloth Weaving Mill (Ilalopchato-Bumazhnaya Fabrika "Proletarke)
formed a separate town-quarter called Proletarka. The mill included
housing projects for its workers, but accommodations were bad and
overcrowded; most of the buildings were of wood construction. This
quarter was considered one of the most backward in the town because of
its poor housing conditions and the state of health of its inhabitants,
a high percentage of Whom suffered from tuberculosis and other social
diseases.
16. Another cotton weaving mill, called Voroshilov, was located in the western
Part of town, on the banks of the Volga.
7. The Iskozh Artiftial Leather Factory, located in the Uova-Promyshlenniy
Rayon, employed some 1,200 to 1,500 workers and manufactured synthetic
rubber (shoe) soles and various accessories, such as army belts. The
lyant had formerly been called Krepz (Kalininskiy Rezinno-Podeshvenniy
Zavod).
The Polygraphic Combine comprised a very large printing works equipped with
color presses. The combine was constructed in 1953 and was one of the
best equipped printing works in the USSR. Scientific works and literature
intended for export were printed there (no further details).
An excavator factory was included among the larger of Kalinin's industrial
enterorises. This plant employed some 5,000 workers in two or three
shifts and operated at full capacity. It manufactured various types
of excavators
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ke The I.st of hay -P tory manufactured work tools and spare -oarts for industrial
pants. An old factory, It had obsolescent equipment and a small output
(no farther detair,.$).
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it.
The oblast Pharmaceutical stores, which were subordinate to the oblast
pharmaceutical directorate (Oblaptekovpravlenie), were located between
the Sovetskaya Bolnitsa hospital and the site of the oblast grain elevators
(oblzagotzerno), in the vicinity of Vagzhanova Street. Medicines were
divided into doses and new dru-s were yanufactured at the stores.
11, According to the Kalinin town develoment plan, work was due to begin
0,-r the construction -)f a parer iili in 1 The proposed site
for the -ill was aasu: ed to be located to the north of Irigalovo, near
the Volga. A well equipped printiag works was to be established in
close Proxiigity to the rill and was to produce children's books.
Personalit
13.
persons in Kalinin
a. Cloriachev (fnu), first secretary of the oblast Party (7;omr.ittee
b.
C.
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(Obkoy
'Taranov (Thu), second secretary of the oblast Party condttee
Lt. General Vostrokhov (fun), comader of the military quarter-
masters academy until 11)54, When he was transferred to Frunze.
d. Major General Zhukov (fnu coriander of the military quartermasters
academy from 11)54 to 32)55
c. Major Kikolay Savelevich Zhuk, officer in charge of admin-
istration at the above academy
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at Luhiyanov (fnu), director of the railroad car plant until 1)57, when
he was appointed chairman of the oblast Sovnarkhoz.
1 Attached are sketches of Kalinin and its town center, with legends:
Legend to Sketch of Kalinin
1. Nigalovo military airfield.
2. Military cantonment of the air force unit stationed at the
Nigalovo military airfield.
3. Voroshilov weaving mill.
Site of Polygraphic Combine.
5. Unfenced military zone comprisning offices and stores.
o Lumber Combine (DOK)
Prefabricated wooden huts plant.
o. Transformer station.
Town power station.
10. Glavmashdetal vehicle components factory.
11. Prolctarka weaving mill.
12. Government printing works (not to be confused with P.o. 4)
1. Ready made clothing factory.
111. lot of Hay factory.
15. ID-On hospital.
10. Vagzhanov textile mill.
1:. Suvorov military academy.
LO. ftvcr craft repair workshop.
IL). Railroad car plant.
00. Barracks of armored unit.
21. Military chemical stores
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22. Chemical corps unit.
23. Town hospital.
24. Town powr station.
25. Oblast airfield for local, civil air traffic.
26. Town hospital No. 2 (Sovetskaya Bolnitsa).
27. Oblast pharmaceutical stores.
28. Grain elevators and Oblzagotzerno offices.
29. Flour mill.
30. Fuel depot for Kalinin and vicinity.
31. Match factory.
32. Silicate brick factory.
33. Excavator plant.
34. Unidentified machine plant.
35. Prison.
36. New town hall orsovet).
37. Cultural center (Palats Kulbury).
38. Admdnistrative offices of the labor companies employed at Plant
No. 513.
3). Plant No. 513.
/10. Artificial leather factory (Is/Kozh).
41. Brick factory.
42. Tile facLory.
r4ftrerailW
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Legend to Sketch of the Kalinin Tom Center
1. Old bridge.
2. New bridge.
3. "Water Streetcar line" (Vodniy Tramvay).
4. Former church.
5. Chemical academy (former military quartermasters' academy) building.
0. Volga river port.
7. Oblsovet.
8. Oblast Party school.
). Medinstitut since 1954 (formerly KGB directorate).
10. Oblast agricultural directorate (Oblzo)
11. Officers club (Dom Ofitserov).
12. Zvezda Movie Theater.
13. Gorkiy library.
iL Town executive committee (Gorispolkom).
15. Oblast state bank (Oblgosbank).
16. old concert hall.
17. Gorkom I Obkom Komsomola.
18. Zeliger Hotel, a four-story building.
19. Trade Union house (Dom Profsoyuzov).
20. Teachers training college.
21. Central post 1 telegraph office.
22. Volga Hotel.
23. Oblast military commissariat (Oblvoyenkomat).
21!- Military garrison komendatura-
25. Oblast Militia directorate.
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..)%azy
26. Obkom.
27. Garrison hospital.
28. Town hospital.
29. Main building of the military chemical academy (formerly quarter-
masters academy).
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eCifinni
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/2-1'
36
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?
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
act:1r
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: USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
: General Information on Simferopol
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1. Simferopol contained the following institutes and technical schools:
a. Crimea Medical Institute (Krymsky Med. Institut).
b. Frunze Teachers' Institute (Ped. Institut Im. Frunze).
c. Kalinin Agricultural Institute (Selkhoz Institut Im. Kalinina).
d. Railroad Technical School (Zhel. Dor. Tekhnikum).
e. Fbod Industry's Technical School (Tekhnikum Pishchevoy Promishlenosti).
f. Commercial School (Porgovoye Tekhnikum)
g. School for Cultural Workers (Kult. Prosvet. Tekhnikum).
h. Cooking School (Kulinarnoye Tekhnikum)
i. School for Surgeons' Assistants and Midwives (Feldsherskaya
Akusherskaya Shkola).
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2. The city had three streetcar lines, with routes as follows:
a. The railroad station - Bulvar Lenina - Kalinina - Bedennogo -
Gogolya - Krilova - Podgornaya.
b. Sevastoploskoye Shosse - Kirova - Chkalova - Lermontova.
c. Bulvar Lenina - Pavlenko - Kalinin& - Budennogo - Gogolya -
Kirova - Lenina - Podgornaya.
3. The construction of an electric poser station (TETS) was begun in 1955
near the civil airport, about five kilometers from the city in the
direction of Yevpatoriya. It was to contain three or four generators
with a total output of 120,000 kilowatts.
4. The buildings in Simferopol were usually of brick and were two or three
stories high, though three or four buildings (the highest in town) were
five stories high. Only in the center of the town were the houses served
by central sewage and water supply systems.
5. The only hard-surfaced roads (asphalt and stone) were the main thorough-
fares; side streets and the streets in the suburbs are unsurfaced.
6. Ul. Kantarnaya and Ul. Fbntannaya had been changed to Ul. Krilova and
Ul. Nekrasava respectively.
7. Komyakov (hau), a Russian, was the first secretary of the Oblast Party
committee. Shepovalov (fnu), also a Russian, was chairman of the City
Actions Committee (Gorispolkom).
8. Attached is an overlay to a map of Simferopol (Scale 1:12,500), with
legend as follows:
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Legend
1. Iron rail bridge, approximately 12 meters long, no arches.
2. City POL stores (Gorneftbaza).
3. Furniture factory (Mebelnaya Fabrika).
4. Signal unit, of at least battalion strength.
5. Kuybyshev Auto Repair Plant (Avtorem, Zavod Im. Kuybysheva),
which performed general repairs on passenger vehicles.
6. Military camp. It housed a Mortar Officers Training School
(Ofitserskoye Minomyotnoye Uchilishche) until 1948, when the school
was either disbanded or transferred elsewhere. Subsequently, it
has been used by a tank division which, in 1954, contained
T-34/85 tanks.
7. The above tank division's headquarters.
8. Quarters of the married officers of the above tank division.
9. Dom Sovetov. In 1959, it was still in the ititial stages of its
construction (the foundations had been cast).
10. Government grain stores (Zagot Zerno)
11. Old electric power station (PETS).
12. I-Vogo Maya Fish Cannery Konservny Zavod I-Vogo Maya).
13. Railroad law court (Zheleznodorozhny Sud).
14. First maternity hospital.
15. Crimea Medical Institute (Krymsky Med.. Institut).
16. Prison.
17. Oblast mental disorders hospital (Obl. Psikh. Bolnitsa).
18. Bakery (Khlebozavod).
19. Oblast recruiting office(Ec last Voenkomat).
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20. Simferopol Railroad Directorate (Simferopolskoye Otdeleniye Stalinskoy
Zhel. Lorogi).
21. Railroad Technical School (Zhel. Dorozhnoye Tekhnikum).
22. Oblast Departments of Agriculture (Obi. Selkhoz Otdel) and of
Finance (obi. Fin. Otdel). Previously housed the headquarters of
the Tavrida Military District (Tavrizhski Voenny Okrug) until it
was disbanded.
23. Telephone exchange (Peregovornaya Stantsya).
24. Central bus station.
25. City garrison commandant (Komendantura Goroda).
26. Central post office (Glav. Pochta).
27. Oblast Actions Committee (Ololispolkom).
28. Third regional law court (III-Ti Uchastkovy Sud) and Zags.
29. Second Maternity hospital.
30. Office of the Krymenergo until 1956, when the office moved to Ul.
Gorkogo (exact location unknown).
31. Municipal fire-fighting brigade (Oar. Pozharnaya Komanda).
32. Ylizhnaya Hotel.
33. Militia office for the First Region (I Otdeleniye Militsii).
34. City Party Committee (Gorkom) and City Actions Committee (Gorispolkom).
35. Military clinic.
36. Oblast Party Committee (Ookom) and Oblast_Komsomol Comkittee (Obkomsomol).
37. Stores (whether military or civilian was unknown). Formerly housed the
Political Department of the Tavrida Military District.
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5
38. A building half of which was used by the Oblast KGB offices (with
the entrance on the street), and the other half by the editorial
offices of the newspapers (Krymskaya Pravda and Krymaki Komsomolets.)
39. Park; formerly a market place.
4o. Glavneftezbyt offices.
41. Military headquarters (details lacking). Fbrmerly Airforce Head-
quarters of the Tavrida Military District.
42. Meat combine (Myasokombinat).
43. Glass plant (Stekolny Zavod).
44. Garrison construction directorate (Garnizonniye Stroy. Upravleniye).
45. First municipal hospital (I-Vaya Gor. Bolnitsa).
46. Agricultural Institute (Selkhoz Institut).
47. Oblast Microbiological Station and Blood Bank.
48. Municipal Financial Department (Gor. Fin. Otdel).
49. Kolkhoznik Hotel, five stories high.
50. Oblast Department of Physical Training and Athletics (Obi. Otdel
Fizkulturi I Sports).
51. Nails factory.
52. Trudovoy Oktyabr Cannery (Konservny Zavod Trudavoy Oktyabr), near
the Fbod Industry's Technical School.
53. Furniture combine (KIM).
54. Wine Industry's Research Institute (Nauchno Isledovatelski Institut
Vinodelya).
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55. Repair shops for railroad coaches, which occupied a building 100
meters long. They employed about 100 men and were capable of main-
tenance and medium repair jobs. (General overhaul of coaches was
done in Dnepropetrovsk.) Capacity of two or three coaches in 24
hours.
MET
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Ikrialit
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
: USSR (Yakut ASSR)
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cat, 11
: General Information on the Bykovskiy Peninsula,
Tiksi, and Yakutsk
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Bykovskiy Peninsula
1. The Bykovskiy Peninsula (Bykovskiy Polvostrov) 71-48, E 129-1?7
located on the shores of the Lapitev Sea, was an ice formation covered
with a layer of frozen earth 30 to 40 cm. deep.
2. The fish salting plant established on the .peninsula in 1938 employed the
entire local population. The plant, which bought the fish hauls of the
surrounding hilkhozy, suffered from a permanent labor shortage. Though
the region's fishing grounds were extremely rich, severe climatic conditions
prevented people from settling on the peninsula, and even the native
Yakuts lived on the mainland, some 5 or 6 kilometers from the peninsula's
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southernmost boundary. In addition to fishing the Yakuts, Who were organ-
ized into kolkhozy, hunted White
to settle a permanent population
in Yakuts from other regions and
/t6
But,failed to hold them and they
fox and other wild life. In an effort
on the peninsula, the authorities flew
gave them the best possible living conditions.
all left in a short time.
exiles were taken to the peninsula. 50X1-HUM
3. In2942
Since no living accommodations had been provided for them, they had to
erect wooden huts immediately on their arrival. The exiles numbered in
the thousands and all were employed by the fish salting plant.
4. Despite the growth of the peninsula's population during the 1940's,
no local government was set up and the director of the fish salting plant,
upon whom all were dependent, was the peninsula's sole authority. The
plant was equipped with a receiving and transmitting set,
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through which it maintained contact with the mainland and particularly
with Tiksi 571-36, E128-47 and Bulun 570-45, E127-227, on whom the
peninsula depended for its supplies and administrative needs. In the early
1940's, the population of the peninsula decreased following the repatriation
of some of the exiles. The management of the fish salting plant despaired
of the situation as the smaller number of workers was reflected in a con-
tinuously smaller output, and there appeared to be no possibility of
any newcomers replacing those who had left.
5. A &tance of 60 kilometers separated Bykovskiy, located on the northern tip
of the peninsula, from Tiksi, located on the southern end, and dog-sleds were
the only means of transport between the two settlements.
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Tiksi
6. Apart from being a port town, Tiksi was the rayon center of all the smaller
settlements in its vicinity. In 1950/1951, Tiksi had a population of 10,000,
half of whom were Russians and the remainder Yakuts. The settlement comprised
one and two-story wooden huts and included the government, security and
economic institutions found in all district centers. The district MVD
office at Tiksi was in charge of the exiles on the Bykovskiy Peninsula,
and an official of the office often visited the peninsula to attend to their
affairs.
7. Part of Tiksi was locally known as the "military port" and, in 1951, units
of naval vessels were actually stationed there. In the vicinity of the
port a number of buildings were occupied by the navy. According to rumors
the military area was to be 50X1-HUM
enlarged by the construction of additional port installations. It was
also rumored that, following the enlargement of the port, Tiksi would
become a military cantonment and would be occupied by naval units
Yakutsk
8.
9
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In 1954/1955 Yakutsk, the capital of the Yakut ASSR, had a population of
100,000, of whom 60 percent were Russians, about 25 percent Yakuts, and
the remainder a mixture. All the government, Party, public, and economic
institutions of the republic were concentrated in the town.
River craft along the Lena River and air traffic from the local airfield
connected Yakutsk with other parts of the republic. Lena River traffic
was administered by the "Lenurs" Shipping Directorate (Lenskoye Upravlenie
Rechnovo Soobshchenia), and traffic was mainly from the southern to the
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northern end of the Lena. Stores stocked with food, merchandise, and other
products for the northern regions were located at the port of Yakutsk,
on the Lena. The Lena could be used for shipping from late May to mid-
October. The river vessels carried cargoes of fishing equipment, food-
stuffs, salt for the fish salting plant, fuel, and various construction
materials, particularly lumber. The lumber was transported on rafts, which
were towed by the vessels.
10. The main street in Yakutsk was Oktiabrskaya. In 1955, it was the only
paved street in the town and was surfaced with wooden blocks, covered with
a layer of earth. The pavements on both sides of the street were also
made of the same wooden blocks (Churki). All the other streets in the
town were unsurfaced, with wooden board pavements along their sides.
Some of the the public and state institutions, two movie theaters, and a
theater, were located on Oktiabrskaya, as were the geological institute,
which conducted research into soil strata and natural resources
throughout the Yakut ASSR, and the town clinic (Gorodskaya Poliklinika).
The MGB and MVD Directorates were located on Dzerzhinsko o and a branch
of the Academy of Sciences was located on Lenin Street. The Ministry of
Finances and Hotels Nos. 1 and 2 were located on Ordzhenikidze.
11. No army units were stationed in Yakutsk, and there were no barracks in the
town or vicinity.
12. The town power station operated on coal and maintained a satisfactory
current supply.
13. Buses provided the town's only means of public transport and a number of
motor transport organizations (Avtokolonna) provided freight haulage
SMUT
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facilities. In 1954/1955, private cars began to appear on the streets of
Yakutsk; they were driven not only by senior public officials but also
by civilians, Who had purchased them by order. The town's two or three
vehicle repair workshops were capable of carrying out all necessary repairs
for the town. Fuel could be obtained only from the fuel depot (Neftebaza),
Which was located on the banks of the Lena in the vicinity of the port.
14. A training college for high school teachers (Pedinstitut) was the only
institution of higher learning in Yakutsk. The town's other educational
institutions included a construction technicum, an elementary school
teachers seminary, and an agricultural technicum.
15. The Republican or Oblast Hospital (Respublikanskaya or Oblastnaya Bolnitsa)
was located outside the town limits, at the end of Lermontov Street. A
nurses school, with 80 to 100 students, was situated next to the hospital.
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16. A civilian airfield for air traffic between the northern regions and
European Russia and between Yakutsk and the western regions of the USSR
was located 8 to 10 kilometers from Yakutsk. The airfield could be reached
At the airfield there was a
of runways, some of Which were
by bus, along a dirt road from the town.
two-story passenger building and a number
surfaced with either concrete or asphalt.
the airfield was an intermediate stopping
northern regions and from Kolyma
was
Air traffic a-s heavy since
place for aircraft coming from the
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17. Public buildings and apartment houses were being constructed in the town; a
brick factory supplied construction materials. The construction work was
conducted by a state construction trust called "Yakutstroy". The apartment
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houses were two and three-story structures intended primarily for the
employees of the state and public institutions, Who were settling in the
town. Altrge sawmill had been established for the construction projects;
it also prepared lumber for construction purposes which was transported
by towed rafts to the northern regions.
18. The Russians played a considerable role in governing the Yakut ASSR.
Many Yakuts had been and were being sent to Moscow to study in colleges
and Party schools there. A native professional cadre was developing
among the Yakuts themselves, but their number was limited and Russians
to
had/be employed in every institution. Russians also held ministerial
posts in the republican government and central positions in the Party
Central Committee.
19. The following persons in the Yakut ASSR were reported:
a. Gorokhov (fhu), chairman of the Republican Council of Ministers,
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b. Vinokurov fnu first secretary of the Republican Party Central
Committee
c. Filipov (fnu), chairman oche Yakutsk town counci
d. Mbrdvinov(Thu), chairman of the Yakutsk town Party committee
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e. Gen. or Col.) Saborov(Thu
chief of the Republican MGB Directorate,
f. Maj. Filipenko(Thu), an MGB officer in charge of exiles
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
: USSR (Kaliningrad Oblast)
: General Information on Kaliningrad
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1. In 1957, Kaliningrad had a population of 200,000, of whom 90 percent were
Russians and 10 percent various other nationalities. After World War II,
many former soldiers settled in the town and were housed in comfortable
apartments, and former military personnel settled in the town's surroundings
and were given small agricultural holdings, where they concentrated
on growing hothouse vegetables. Government and Party officials from
various parts of the RSFSR# also settled in Kaliningrad. The majority
of the inhabitants, of town and province alike, however, had come there
In search of a livelihood and had consequently included a considerable
criminal element, which terrorized the rest of the population. Until
recently, the police met with little success in apprehending gangs
of criminals operating in the town and its surroundings, and incidents
of robbery, murder, and theft were everyday occurrences. Administratively,
vsE
the town te divided into the d'ifferINIstricts: Leningradskiy Rayon,
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2
Moskovakiy Rayon, Stalingradakiy Rayon, and Baltiyakiy Rayon.
2. Tile railroad stations of Kaliningrad were the following:
a. The central station, for trains leaving for other parts of the
USSR and for Poland, was located in the Baltiyakiy Rayon. The
station was partly destroyed during World War II and was
subsequently reconstructed. The two-story station building included
two waiting rooms, one for civilians and the other for military
personnel; there were also separate ticket offices for civilianind
soldiers. The building also contained a post office, a railroad
police station, a restaurant, a barber shop6nd a number of newspaper
stands. There were no inspections at the entrances and exits, and
passengers' tickets were examined only at the gateways to the
platforms.
b. The northern railway station (Severnaya), which was located in
the Stalingradskiy Rayon, was for local trains to the suburbs and
to neighboring towns.
4. Among the Kaliningrad industrial plants were Paper and Cellulose Combine
No. 1 (Tselulozno - Bumazhniy Kombinat), located in the Leningradakiy
Rayon, and Paper and Cellulose Combine No. 2, located in the Stalin-
gradakiy Rayon. A meat products Combine (Miasokombinat) was situated
in the vicinity of the ruined railroad bridge in the MOskavskiy Rayon.
The alga Combine included large cold storage buildings and warehouses
stocked with emergency food supplies. The plant itself produced
canned meat and sausages, both for local consumption and for sale in
other parts of the USSR. The cold storage buildings and warehouses were
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stocked mainly with emergency supplies of meat, butter, and sugar. At
regular intervals foodstuffs were withdrawn from storage and sold to
the local population; stores were then restocked with fresh supplies.
A dockyard for the repair of merchant and fishing vessels (Sudore-
Montniy Zavod) was located in the Modkavskiy Rayon. The district also
included a foundry (Liteyno - Mechanichedkiy Zavod), which employed some
400 to 500 workers and executed local mechanical repairs and foundry
work.
5. The central streetcar terminal, the Municipal Council (Gorsovet), and
the State Bank (Gosbank) were located on the main street, Stalingradskiy
Prospekt. This street passed Plodhchad Nobedy Where, in 1957, a new
trade union building was constructed next door to the MVD directorate.
6. Few apartment houses and public buildings were under construction in
Kaliningrad. Building operations in general appeared to be very limited,
despite the fact that large parts of the town were destroyed during
World War II. Building operations were mainly carried out in the
Stalingraddkiy Rayon, which was the most heavily damaged district
of the town. In that rayon, apartment houses were being constructed
including
for industrial workers, the employees of the paper and cellulose combine.
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7.1 An army division, known as the Modkavdkaya Divizia, was billeted in
barracks at a military cantonment in the Modkovdkiy Rayon
9. There was a town hospital in each of Kaliningrad's municipal districti--
and an oblast hospital in the Stalingraddkiy Rayon. The hospital in
the Modkovdkiy Rayon comprised about 100 beds and was staffed by
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about 20 doctors, 30 nurses, and 20 sanitary workers. It was equipped
with an obsolescent X-ray apparatus. There was a clinic for out-patients
at the hospital. The supply of medicine was satisfactory, although there
were occasional shortages of antibiotic drugs, particularly streptomycin.
10. In 1956/1957, there was an improvement in the town's economic conditions, which
had been most unsatisfactory in preceding years. Agricultural produce
and other foodstuffs became plentiful, especially after extensive efforts
were expended on the development of the state farms (Sovkhozy). The
state farms had since supplied other regions in addition tote
Kaliningrad Oblast. However, despite the relative pletity in
Kaliningrad's shops, certain commodities, such as sugar and flour,
were often unobtainable.
11. Contrary to the considerable improvement in the supply of food stuffs,
there had been no noticeable improvement in the standard of clothing.
Good clothing was in very short supply, and most of the population had
to make do with unfashionable clothes made of extremely poor quality
material. Although Kaliningrad was geographically close to the West,
the clothing of its population shoved no sign of Western influence.
(Such was also the case with regard4 to cultural life). The situation in
footwear was similar to that in clothing. Only poor quality shoes
were available and their prices were exorbitantly high. A pair of ladies
shoes of a reasonable quality cost about 800 rubles, which was equivalent
to the monthly salary of an average clerk.
12. No public emergency air-raid shelters were known to have been con-
structed and no general antiaircraft slams had recently taken place.
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Air-raid shelters were being constructed in the cellars of new apartment
houses for the tenants of these buildings. All the air-raid shelters
in the former German buildings had been cleaned, repaired, and kept
in good order.
13. Because of their lack of a common background, the inhabitants of
Kaliningrad had a poor social life. The most popular places of enter-
tainment were the movie theater or theater, Which held daily performances.
There was no meeting place k for professionals or intellectuals in the
town. Most people confined themselves to their family circles.
14. Kaliningrad had aiauMber of high schools, all of Which taught in the
Russian language, a metalwork school for boys, and a nursing school,
which was attached to the town hospital.
15. The following people were known
a. Major General Bankuzov (Thu), commander of the Moscow Division
(Moskovakaya Divizia) in Kaliningrad until his transfer to Moscow
in early 1957.
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b. Kemter (tau), head doctor at the Oblast hospital in the Stalingradakiy
Rayon
c. Bankuzova (flau), head doctor of the hospital in the Moskovakiy
Rayon
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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
: USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
: General Information on Kalush
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le Kalush 549-01, E24-227, a rayon town in the Stalinslav Oblast, had
a population of 20,000. The largest industrial enterprise in Kalush,
and in fact the only concern of any importance, was the Potash Combine
(Kalushskiy Kaliyniy Kombinat). A very old enterprise which had
existed under the Polish regime, the combine comprised a large potash
mine, a potash enriching plant (ICitn-ftbrika), and other auxiliary
concerns. Although the combine had increased its daily output since
World War II to some 200 tons (by 100 percent) of pure potash, no
structural alterations or other changes had been made in the enterprise
and it remained as it was before the war.
rein
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2. The potash mine stretched beneath the town center, while the chemical
plant, consisting of a potash ore crushing mill and an enriching plant,
as well as a power station, stores, mechanical and electrical/workshops,
and administrative buildings occupied a complex of six or seven two-
and-three-story buildings on Fabrichnaya Street (constructed before
World War I/). The entire combine employed some 1,500 persons, most
of whom worked in the mine and auxiliary concerns; some 150 worked in
the chemical plant. The combine administration worked in one shift and
all other departments in three shifts. Until 1957, it was subordinate
to the All-Union Ministry of the Chemical Industry. Since 1957, however,
it had been subordinate to the regional Sovnarkhoz in Stanislay. The
combine's sole product was agricultural potash, which was supplied to
the Ukrainian SSR. The combine had a small repair Shop for its twelve
trucks.
3. The only other plant in Kalush was a brewery, which employed hundreds (?)
of workers (exact location not known). The inhabitants of the town who
were not employed in either the potash combine, the brewery, or a few
small cooperatives worked on the surrounding kolkhozy, in offices and
shops. Apart from the repair shop belonging to the potash combine, there
were no vehicle repair works or locomotive and rolling stock repair
concerns in the town.
4. The passenger railroad station building was destroyed during World War II
and4.by 1958, had not been reconstructed; a temporary stone structure served
in its stead. The town freight station was located in the vicinity of the
passenger station, in the direction of Stryy, and comprised ore two-story
WAFT
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stone warehouse
- 3 -
Both stations had some
five or six tracks and, between 1948 and 1958, nothing was constructed
in either of them.
5. The only power station in the town belonged to the potash combine. This
station supplied current to the combine and the entire town, and its
output vas greater than the local demand (no further details).
6. Lenina was the town's main street. Other thoroughfares were Stalina and
Kalinin* (formerly Ul. Stanislavavaka), which led into the main road
to Stanislay. The main square was Ploshehad Geroyev (formerly Rynek).
The Gorsavet occupied a three-story building on this square, and the
town and district Party institutions shared a single-story building.
The Militia and KGB representatives offices were located in a two-story
building on Kalinin*, near Ploshchad Geroyev. The post and telegraph
office and the town telephone exchange also occupied a three-story
building on Kalinina. One of the largest and finest buildings in Kalush
was the three-story club building for employees of the potash combine,
located on Lenina. The state bank (Gosband0 and a Russian Orthodox Church,
open to worshippers, were also located on Lenina. A former Roman Catholic
Church, now used as a Zagot-Zerno grain store, was located on Plosh. Geroyev.
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7. There was a central electricity and gas network throughout the town, but
a central sewage and water system existed only on such mein thoroughfares
as Lenina, Stalina, and Kalinina. Drinking water was brought in from the
Livnitsa River, Which flowed some three or four kilometers from the town.
On the banks of this river, which was a tributary of the Dniester, were
two pumping stations, one of which supplied water to the town and the
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other to the potash combine, via a special (underground?) pipe-
line.
8. There were no public transport conveyances in Kalush, not even taxis.
9. No military units, barracks, or airfields were located in the town and
surroundings. In the early postwar years, Kalush was included in A
border zone (pogran. zone), and itwas impossible to settle there per-
manently without a special license. In 1948, however, all restrict:tons were
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10.
lifted.
there was a potash mine
in the Golyn village, in the vicinity of Kalush, but that it had not
been exploited for many years.
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