TOWN, MILITARY AND AIR INFORMATION ON SOVIET CITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A057000150001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 59
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 31, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 28, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
and air installations .rl
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b. Balkhash. A few details on the copper smelting combine and Nonferrous
Metals Processing Plant No. 17. a concrete runway 1
for TU-101i.s was to be constructed at the civilian 6drfield, but as
SUBJECT Town, Military, and Air Information DATE DISTR. 0-8 November 1960
on Soviet Cities ( I ) T ; NO. PAGES 1
GATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ
a. Baku. Sketch map which identifies 36 points, including military
reports on various towns in the
USSR, which include the following information:
covering 23 points.
and camps at Kustanay, Federovka, and Zatabolsk. Sketch of Kustanay-.1, t
c. Kustanay. Industrial installations. Airfields, Air Force schools,
The building was completed in 1955 and occupied v ientists employed
d. Leningrad. Construction of apartment house fo`y' entists in Leningrad.
in secret military plants and institutions. .9~1 l~14
e . Novogrudok. Industries, schools, and military c . ' 4 1 o Q t c h of t1 i
town mai Jy locating streets. V lQ '.14f- dk
I
f. Panevezys. Sketch map locating 75 points, including re
for V-2 training aircraft.
g. Stanislav. Information on street names, explosives stores, and airfif.eld
h. Sianliai. A few details on industrial, air, and military installatic!n
XIARMY X NAVY
X AIR
oc X
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I N FORMATION REPORT I N FORMATION REPORT
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USSR (Azerbaydzhan SSR)
Sketch-Map of Baku
The following is the legend to the attached sketch-map of
1. Military District Hospital No. 509
2. Military camp housing AA units of the Baku PVO District
Headquarters
3. Water reservoir (Vodokhranilishche)
h. Semashko Republican Hospital. This hospital was used for
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5.
3,000 beds.
clinical training o students o th Azerbaydzhan
Medical Institute. it contained 50X1-HUM
Candy factory (Konditerskaya Fabrika), which employed
about 1,000 workers.
6. City hospital (Gor. Bolnitsa), with 800 beds.
7. Baku PVO District Headquarters (Shtab Bakinskogo Okruga PVO).
Until 1953 it was occupied by the headquarters of an air
force army that was subordinate b the Transcaucasian Military
District.
8. Baku PVO District rear echelons headquarters.
9. Mamedyarova Quarter post office
10. Radar station with a P-8 antenna
11. Molotov Automobile Repair Plant (Avtorem Zavod Im. Molotova)
12. Naval hospital (Voenno Morskoy Gospital), with 200 beds.
13. Republican railroad directorate
14. Inter-urban electric railroad station (Bakinskaya Elek-
trichka).
15. Azibekov Petroleum Institute (Institut Neftyanoy Promish-
lenosti Im. Azibekova).
16. Grain mills and stores.
17. Government House (Dom Pravitelstva), erected after World
War II.
18. Food processing plant.
19. City garrison commandant's office (Komendantura Goroda)
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20. Republican Militia Directorate
21. Main post office (Glav Pochta)
22. Telephone exchange (Peregovornaya Stantsya)
23. Gosbank.
24. Marine College (Bakinskoye Morekhodnoye Uchilishche)
25. Bakinski Rabochi newspaper press
26. TU council.
27. Supreme Court of the Republic
28. Monolit, block of apartment houses, seven or eight stories
29. Republican Academy of Sciences
30. Supreme Soviet Of Azerbaydhan SSR (Verkh. Sovet Azer. SSR)
31. Baku University (Bakinski Universitet)
32. Gorispolkom
33. Republican military commi.ssariat (Voenkomat)
3)4. Republican Party CC (Ts.K. Partii Azer. SSR)
35. Republican Komsomol CC (Ts.K. Komsomola Azer. SSR)
36. TV transmitter. It originally transmitted to Baku and
Krasnovodsk. In 1956 it was connected to Tbilisi and
Yerevan, and by the end of 1959 it was to have been
connected to Kiev.
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USSR (Kazakh SSR)
1. Balkhash 5 46-h9, E 75-00], a rayon center in the Karaganda
Oblast, had a population of 50,000-60,000, most of whom were Russians
and Kazakhs. All the industrial plants in Balkhash were subordinate
to the Sovnarkhoz in Karaganda. The following were the town's main
industrial enterprises, the first three being the largest:
a. Copper Smelting Combine (Balkhashskiy Medoplavitelniy
Kombinat).
b. Nonferrous Metals Processing Plant No. 517 (Zavod Po
Obrabotke Tsvetnikh Metalov No. 517).
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c. Meat and Fish Canning Combine (Balkhashskie Ribo-
Konservniy Kombinat).
d. Locomotive Repair Plant (Parovoznoye Depo).
e. Rolling Stock Repair Plant (Vagonnoye Depo)
f. Brick Factory No. 1 and Brick Factory No. 2 (Kirpich-
niye Zavody)
g. Timber-Processing Plant (Derevo-Obdelochniy Zavod).
h. Reinforced Concrete Products Plant (Zhel-Betonniy
Zavod).
i. Small shipyard for boat and tug repairs (Sudo-Remont-
niye Masterskiye).
The Copper Smelting Combine and the Nonferrous Metals Processing
Plant, taken together, employed more than half the town's population.
2. The town of Balkhash was undergoing continuous development
and it suffered from a permanent labor shortage. The development
mainly consisted of the construction of apartment houses and the
expansion of the Copper Smelting Combine and the Nonferrous Metals
Processing Plant. The construction work had been undertaken by a
large building concern (Stroy-Trest) which was directly subordinate
to the All-Union Ministry of Construction in Moscow (Ministerstvo
Stroitelstva SSR).
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3. Until its extensive expansion in 1957, the Copper Smelting
Combine had only factory (Zavod) status. This combine was located
on the shores of Lake Balkhash, about four kilometers from the town
center. Access to the plant was by means of an asphalt road, which
was an extension of the town's main street, Prospekt Lenina. The
plant extended about three kilometers along either side of the road.
It was enclosed by a brick wall, two meters high, topped by barbed
wire. In addition to employing many thousands of local employees,
the plant also took on for certain periods large groups of Chinese
engineers and workers. The following was known on the plant's depart-
ments:
a. The ore smelting department (Medoplavitelniy Tsekh)
occupied the tallest of the Combine's buildings, its height
being equal to that of a 10-12 story structure. The building
had three stacks, two of which were constructed of red brick
and the third of reinforced ooncrete. The tallest of the
stacks, rising to a height of about 130 meters, was illumin-
ated by a red light after dark.
b. The ore enriching plant (Obogatitelnaya Fabrika)
occupied a 100 x 50 meter building, part of which was
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underground. It had one red brick stack which was approximately
100 meters high.
c. Molybdenum plant (Molibdenovaya Fabrika).
d. The large thermal power station (TETS) was slightly
smaller than the ore smelting plant and it had two red brick
stacks, each of which was about 100-120 meters high.
!t. The Copper Smelting Combine was served by two railroad
stations: the Zavodskaya Stantsia for general cargoes and a special
station where copper ore was unloaded by the Combine's ore enriching
plant. Zavodskaya Stantsia, the larger of the two, was connected
to the main railroad station at Balkhash by a 1-1.5 kilometer long
spur. From the special ore station, a spur led to two of the mines
which supplied the plant with copper ore: the Kounradskiy Rudnik,
which was located 18 km north of Balkhash, and the Vostochniy Rudnik,
36 km north of Balkhash. Ore from these mines was shipped in 120-ton
freight cars. The Combine also received copper ore from Dzhezkazgan,
where the local smelting plant (Dzhezkazganskiy T'ledo-Plavitelniy
Kombinat) at Karsakpay C !7-50, E 66-4f/7 was unable to absorb the
entire output of the mines. The ore from Dzhezkazgan was shipped
in 60-ton freight cars along the main line to Balkhash. O'e shipments
to the Combine arrived throughout the day and night.
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5. The Nonferrous Metals Processing Plant No. 517 had been
transferred to Balkhash from Koichigono fKolchugino ?, N 56-18,
E 39-27, in the vicinity of Moscow, during World War II. At that
time it was a military plant manufacturing shells and 50X1-HUM
rifle ammunition. The following are details on Plant No. 517:
a. The plant was located about three kilometers from the
center of Balkhash, on either side of the asphalt road leading
to the Copper Smelting Combine. It occupied a slightly smaller area
than the combine, with most of the plant situated on the right-
hand side of the road, coming from town. This part of the
plant was surrounded by a brick wall and it adjoined the Loco-
motive Repair Plant. The part of the plant on the left-hand
side of the road was also surrounded by a brick wall.
b. The plant processed pure copper which it received from
the local smelting combine, from Magnitogorsk, and from foreign
sources. It also processed other nonferrous metals, details
on which are lacking. Apart from sheet copper, which was used
in the manufacture of other copper products, the plant also
produced nonferrous metal alloys, including phosphor-bronze
and LS-59 or "Munn", which was used in minting coins. Most
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of the plant's output was intended for export, much of which
was flown to China by special aircraft owned Jointly by the
plant and the Copper Smelting Combine.
c. The plant was composed of 10 or 11 departments (Tsekha).
Department No. 2 (Prokatniy Tsekh) produced sheet copper. The
plant had only single-story buildings, all of which, however,
were very long and wide.
d. The plant obtained its power supply from the Copper
Smelting Combine, by means of a transformer station. The
Combine's Zavodskaya Stantsia also served this plant.
6. The Canning Combine was a large plant which had been estab-
lished before World War II. Its produce was marketed throughout the
USSR and some was exported to Poland and other countries. The plant
was located about six or seven kilometers east of Balkhash on the
shores of the lake. It was connected to,the town by a dirt track,
which led to the local kolkhozes, and by a railroad spur which
passed the Zavodskaya Stantsia and continued on to the town's main
railroad station. The combine occupied a very large area and in-
cluded many buildings. The cold storage plant occupied a six-story
building, of which two were below ground level.
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7. The town's main railroad station, which served for both
passenger and freight traffic on the single track line between
Balkhash and Karaganda, was located three kilometers from the town.
The station area included some 15 tracks and a sing]sstory station
house. Located in the vicinity of the station were six single-
story grain elevators (Zagot-Zerno), the Rolling Stock Repair Plant
(Vagonnoye Depo), and single or two-story apartment houses for
railroad workers. It was planned to transfer the passenger railroad
station to the town center, to a site occupied by the Timber Process-
ing Plant (Derevo-Obdelochniy Zavod) of the 6onstruction Trust
(Stroitelniy Trest). In March 1959, therefore, plans were underway
to move the timber plant to a new site some 50 kilometers away;
the new site was occupied by the Reinforced Concrete Products Plant
(Zhel-Betonniy Zavod), which also belonged to the Construction Tvust.
8. The only civilian airfield in the town was located six
kilometers from the town center, in the direction of Karaganda. The
airfield was situated close to the right-hand side of the dirt track
which led from Balkhash to Karaganda. A mall airfield, it had no
surfaced runways but was used throughout the year by passenger and
mall freight aircraft. a concrete runway for ' "'I"I
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TU-104's was about to be constructed at the airfield, but as of
March 1959 there were no signs of the work starting.
9. The town's shipyard was made up of a number of small work-
shops which employed a total of 50 workers. The workshops, which
were subordinate to the Copper Smelting Combine, were located close
to the small port, the latter consisting of a concrete quay about
25-30 meters long. The workshops repaired the small vessels and
barges which sailed on Lake Balkhash; these vessels carried a variety
of cargoes, but mainly a white colored ore for the Copper Smelting
Combine. For lifting the craft out of the water, the workshops were
equipped with two large cranes moving on tracks. The craft were
drawn out of the water along a single track to a small, single-story
boathouse, which could house only one boat or barge at a time.
10. Balkhash had central water and sewage systems. Its drinking
water was obtained from Lake Balkhash through an open, 30 meter-long,
concrete canal, which carried the water to a purifying plant near
the Copper Smelting Combine's power station. From there the water
flowed through underground pipes to Balkhash and Kounradskiy. The
power station pumped all the water it needed directly from the open
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11. Buses provided the only public transport facilities within
the town. All the streets in Balkhash were asphalt surfaced. The
main street and the longest was Prospekt Lenina, while other import-
ant thoroughfares were Frunze, Gorkogo, Dzhambula, Stalina, and
Abaya.
12. The following are details on public institutions in Balkhash:
a. A large, five-story building on Stalin Street housed
a department store on the groundfloor, the Raysovet and Gorsovet
on the second floor, the Gorkompartii and Raykompartii on the
third and fourth floors, and the editorial offices of the local
newspaper on the fifth floor.
b. The central post and telegraph offices and the tele-
phone exchange occupied a new, three or four-story building on
the left-hand side of Stalina Street, coming from the center
of town.
c. The State Bank (Gosbank) and the Industrial Bank (Prom-
bank) shared a threeMat6ry building on the corner of Gorkogo
Street and Prospekt Lenina.
d. The town and rayon KGB offices were located on the
right-hand side of Prospekt Lenina, comma from the center of
town.
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e. The MVD and militia shared a single-story building
in the workers quarter (Tsentralniy Posiolok), opposite the
Copper Smelting Combine.
13. Apart from a large MVD unit (Garnizon MVD), there were
no military units of any nature in the town. The MVD unit (or units)
was commanded by a general, who was permanently quartered in the town.
The unit's barracks, which consisted of concrete structures for the
men and brick buildings for the officers and their families, were
located about seven kilometers from the town, past the Copper
Smelting Plant, in the vicinity of Brick Factory No. 2. A large
prison camp was located in close proximity to the barracks.
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COUNTRY:
SUBJECT:
USSR (Lithuanian SSR)
Sketch Map of Panevezhis
1 ` f '? t~ ? oyring is the legend to the attached sketch-map of
Paneve:
!1. Respublikanskaya
ij'evezhis River
7. Stoties Street
~. Railroad passenger and freight station
5. Meat products plant (Miasokombinat)
6. Food stores for Panevezhis rayon
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7. Military airfield
8. Railroad bridge
9. A wooden bridge used only by traffic to and from the
military airfield. A military guard is maintained on
the bridge, which is about 30 meters long, 6-7 meters
wide, and 1.5-2 meters above the river.
10. 9 -Maya Street
11. Elektros Street
12. Tilto Street
13. A bridge of reinforced concrete, 40 meters long and 6-8
meters wide.
14. Goglya Street
15. Pilies Street
16. Senamestis Street
17. Agronomia Street
18. Janonio Street
19. Sugar refinery
20. Ploshchad Lenina, a boulevard
21. Klaipedos Street
22. Fromo Tezuchio Street
23. Kestucio Street
24. Vilshis Street
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25. Skajstakalnis Street
26. Romigolskaja Street
27. 1-Maya Street
28. Lithuanian church
29. Damosheviciaus Street (formerly YuFgio)
30. Russian cemetery
31. Tilvicio Street
32. Uknnerges Street
33. Soap factory
34. Basanaviciaus Street
35. Vilnius Street
36. Air force headquarters, a former convent
37. A textile plant, under construction since 1956
38. City directorate of the militia
39. City directorate of the MVD and MGB
40. City Military Komendantura
41. Mienas movie-theatre
42. Air force headquarters commanded by a general
43. Savings bank (Sberkassa)
1414. Officers Club (Dom Ofitsera)
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45.
Camp accaamnodating an air force unit of about battalion
strength.
46. Garsas movie theatre
47. City Party ccainittee (Gorkom)
48. State Bank (Gosbank)
49. Municipal clinic
50. Alcohol and yeast plant
51. Brewery
52. City dramatic theatre
53. City prosecutor's offices
54. City military commissariat (Gorvoyenkomat)
55. City cultural club (Klub Kulturi)
56. Lithuanian secondary school
57. Marita Margitas (?) Street
58. city Jail
59. Municipal council (Gorsovet)
60. Hotel (hostel ?) for Party members
61. Military garrison hospital
62. City radio broadcasting studio (Radiouzel)
63. Repair shops for V-2 training aircraft and unsurfaced
runways, situated in a wood
64. Military camp in the Yasnaya Gorka quarter
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65. Voyentorg shop
66. Russian secondary school
67. City fuel stores (Neftebaza)
68. State granaries (Zagotserno)
69. Sovkhoz incubator
70. City and rayon hospital
71. Rambinas Hotel
72. City law courts, notary public's office and office of the
lawyers' association
73. Railroad workshops
714. Reinforced concrete bridge over the river
75. Kolkhoz market
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SECRET
USSR (Kustanay Oblast)
The City of Kustanay
1. In mid-1957 Kustanay LN53-10, E63-37, an oblast center in the
northern part of Kazakhstan, had a population of about 40,000.
Before the war, Turgay fN-49-38, E63-327 had been the main town
of the oblast. The subsequent selection of Kustanay as the
oblast center was in part attributable to the facts that Kustanay
was situated on the railway line and that the city was inhabited
predominantly by Russians. Turgay, on the other hand, had no
railway connections and was predominantly Kazakh in character.
The Russian flavor of Kustanay was believed more in tune with
the development plans for the area, which provided for the
settlement there of Soviet experts and technicians.
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2. Kustanay had been developing into a large agricultural center
since about 1950, but particularly during more recent years,
pursuant to the cultivation of its virgin land. There were a
considerable number of sovkhozy in the Kustanay oblast engaged
in the cultivation of the extensive lands in the area. During
1955/1956, quite a bit of propaganda was made among the well-
established kolkhozy to convert their collectives into state
farms.
3. In the summer of 1956, Khrushchev paid a visit to Kustanay,
apparently while on an inspection tour of the virgin land. In
a public address, he pointed out the great achievements made by
the USSR, adding that though the audience was probably tired of
hearing these things they had to be repeated, because " we have
to work". During a follow-up question and answer period, Khrushchev
was asked why the bread was of such poor quality. To this he
replied that the problem was well-known and was the result of
the watering-down of the flour by the local bakeries, and that
it was up to the local authorities to deal with these "rats".
In answer to another question concerning the lack of milk in
Kustanay, Khrushchev - following a brief interlude during which
one of the dignitaries whispered into his ear - replied that
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Kustanay was the center of an agricultural district and as such
was not included in the milk distribution program. The supply
of milk, he added, had to come from local sources and, if there
was a shortage, it was the fault of the local leadership. Another
question dealt with the shortage of electric power in Kustanay,
to which Khrushchev replied that he could not answer all of the
questions which were bothering his listeners, but that they should
address them to the local authorities.
4. Zavod No. 514, a light industry plant in Kustanay, manufactured
the raw material (shtapel) used in the manufacture of artificial
fiber. The factory, which belonged to the All-Union Ministry
of Light Industry, was established under the following circum-
stances: In 1941, military plant No. 507 was transferred from
Klin and reestablished in Kustanay as Explosives Factory No. 514.
When the war ended in 1945, the equipment of a dismantled German
artificial fiber factory was taken to Kustanay and reassembled
on the site of Plant No. 514. As a result, the local population
continued to refer to the new fiber factory as Zavod No. 514.
The plant was under constant expansion and, in 1957, had about
1,000 employees. the
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5.
plant could easily be switched back to the production of
explosives. Although the factory was under the control of
the Ministry of Light Industry, its workers enjoyed the
privileges of chemical industry employees and were paid accord-
ing to the rates prevailing in that industry. They were also
members of the chemical workers trade union.
An electric power station was located within the grounds of
the artificial fiber factory. Since 1952, the station had been
undergoing continual enlargement. It had three sets of boilers
and used coal dust as fuel. Despite the expansion of the station,
there was a shortage of electricity in the town; in the winter
particularly there were shortages in the supply of electricity
for lighting purposes. Plant No. 514 itself required a consi-
derable amount of Hower.
6. At a distance of thirty kilometers from Kustanay there was a
settlement by the name of Sokolovka, where a large metallurgical
combine had been under construction since 1951/1952. This was
referred to by the local inhabitants as a second Magnitorsk sic,
possible Magnitogors]. Rich iron ore deposits in tremendous
quantities had been discovered in the area and, according to
existing plans, the combine was to eventually surpass Magnitorsk
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Magnitogorsk :./ in size. The ore deposits were close to the
surface and were exploited in open cast mining. Sokolovka
had been a small village until 1950, since which time it had
grown into a town of 20,0u0 to 25,0)O inhabitants. Existing
plans called for the merger of Rudniy, Sokolovka, and Kustanay
into one large city. The combine was being set up by a con-
struction trust for metallurgical works from Magnitorsk 71agnito-
gorsk 27. The combine and the construction were under the control
of the All-Union Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.
7. At Kustanay there was a branch of the military institution
responsible for the collection and storage of food reserves.
The Kustanay branch had a post office box designation (number
unknown). The stores in Kustanay, which contained mostly flour
and sugar, were located about one or two kilometers from the
railroad station and were connected to the station by a spur line.
The site of the warennouse was under semimilitary guard and was
enclosed by a barbed-wire fence with watch towers. It adjoined
the government grain stores (zagotzerno), and all grain shipments
received by the institution were handed over to the government
stores. The warehouses for State Reserves were built either of
wood or brick. They were attended by local employees who had a
considerable number of loading and unloading machinery at their
disposal.
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8. Kustanay's development plans provided for the establishment of
a food products factory. In 1957, work was begun on the con-
struction of a meta products factory, a spaghetti factory, and
a refrigeration plant.
9. The military airfield at Kustanay included a runway for civilian
planes, most of which flew routes to remote parts of the province.
The military airfield was used mostly by trainers; the appearance
of jet aircraft was rare.
10. About two or three kilometers south of Kustanay there was a
military camp with an air force regiment and a training school
for air force officers.
11. Near the town of Zatobolsk L53-i2, E63-47 there were a number
of airfields and a flying school.
12. At Fedorovka LT53-38, E62-4f there was also an airfield and a
flying school.
13. The following persons in Kustanay
a. Popov (fnu), secretary of the town Party commit-
b. Vasilenko (fnu), prosecutor for special affairs
on the staff of the Kustanay oblast prosecution
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office
rachov (fnu), director of Plant No. 514
d. Pirozhkov (fnu), director of Plant No. 514
uring the period 1951-1954
e. Zhansalin (fnu), director of the cadres section
of Plant No. 5141
f. Senior Lieutenant (St.
Leit) Chernishev (fnu),
operational M VD representative in Kustanav
14. Attached is a sketch and legend of Kustanay.
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Legend to Sketch of Kustanay
1. Kustanay railroad station.
2. Government grain stores and reserve food stores.
3. Military camp containing an air force regiment.
4. Kustanay airfield.
5. Railroad to Rudniy.
6. Plant No. 514.
7. Municipal theater.
8. Oblast Party Committee (Obkom).
9. Municipal bakery.
10. Oblast MVD Directorate.
U. Oblast Prosecution Office.
12. Movie Theater.
13. Municipal Water Works.
14. State Bank (Gosbank).
15. Oblast Military Commissariat.
16. Tobol River.
17. Zheleznodorozhnaya Street.
18. Aktyubinskaya Street.
19. Sovetskaya Street.
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20. Kalinina Street.
21. Partizanskaya Street.
22. Gogolya Street.
23. Lenina Street.
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in
1? O
6Q
243
Q It
'J D
Q
it
u
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M
USSR (Belorussian SSR)
General Information on Novogrudok
1. The city of Novogrudok p53-36, E25-5Q7, a rayon center in
the Grodno oblast, had a population of about 18,000, of whom
75 percent were Belorussians and 25 percent Russians, Poles,
Ukrainians and Tatars. The city lay on the narrow gauge
rail line, constructed during World War I, between Novoyelnya
and Lyubcha. In 1958, this line was widened by some 9 to 11
cm. to bring it in line with the standard Soviet broad-gauge
tracks. All of the town's main streets had been stone-paved
by the former Polish administration. There were no asphalt
or concrete-surfaced streets.
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Industry
2. Flour Mill No. 15 (Mel-Zavod Nr. 15), located on the right-hand
side of Sverdlova when coming from the direction of the town
center, had existed under the former Polish regime and had
since been enlarged a number of times by the Soviets until
its final completion in 1958. The mill operated on electricity;
it used about 180 kilowatts per hour and processed about 60 tons
of grain during one 8-hour shift. The mill comprised a large,
main three-story building, three large single-story warehouses,
and a single-story administration building.
3. In 1956, construction was completed on Ovoshcho Sushilniy Zavod,
a vegetable dehydrating plant for such vegetables as potatoes,
onions and carrots. The plant was located outside the town
limits, on the left-hand side of Mitskevicha extended (the road
to Novoyelnya) and comprised a number of buildings, including
warehouses for the vegetables, some of which stood above ground
and some below ground level. It employed about 300 workers
and operated only during the fall and winter months. The
produce of the plant was sent to the Far North.
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4. Up to 1958, the town had two small power stations., one of
which had been constructed by the Poles and the other by the
Germans. Neither of these stations was in use in 1958. The
one located on Sovetskaya was dismantled and its equipment
transferred elsewhere, while the one located on Sabovaya
(formerly Komunainaya), though still standing, served only
as a reserve station; it had two 760-HP diesel motors. Since
January 1958, Novogrudok had received its electricity from
the large thermal power station (TETS) at Lida (no details).
In 1957, this station was enlarged and additional motors,
amounting to a total of 6,000 HP, were installed. The Lida
power station had since supplied electricity to Novogrudok,
Korelichi and their surroundings, as well as to Grodno in part.
Novogrudok received 1,000 to 1,100 kilowatts per hour from
the Lida station by means of a 35-kilovolt high tension cable
line, which was erected in 1957. The cable line led through
the fields from Lida via the new peat plant (torf zavod), some
10 to 12 kilometers from the town, through the Berezovka
workers settlement, where there was a large glassware factory,
through Novogrudok and on to Korelichi. During the year pre-
ceding the laying of the cable, a high tension line was erected
between Lida and Grodno via the Shchuchin rayon center.
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5. The Clothing Factory (Shveynaya Fabrika) in Novogrudok was
situated at two locations: one part, which employed about
400 workers, was located at the beginning of Grodnenskaya
(the road leading to Grodno), while the other part was located
at the end of Sovetskaya.
6. The town slaughterhouse (myaso-kombinat), which had a daily
output of 100 head of cattle, was located at the end of
Sovetskaya. The Soviets had added a cold storage plant to
the slaughterhouse, which had been in existence for many years.
The cold storage plant was located in what was considered the
in
town's industrial area,/the vicinity of the lumber processing
plant (leso-zavod) and two 50-meter-long,single-story Zagot-
Zerno warehouses.
Schools
Until 1957/1958, Novogrudok was considered a "students town"
(Studencheskiy Gorodok). Though there were only two high
schools (Desyatiletki) and one "Semiletka", there were six
technical schools with a total enrollment of about 3,000
students, 1,000 of whom were at the School for Agricultural
Mechanization. Each of the two high schools occupied a two-story
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building: one on Zamkovaya, which taught in Russian; and
the other on Krasnaya, which taught in Belorussian. The
semiletka occupied a long, single-story building on Lenin
Street. The six technical schools were the following:
a. School of Finance (Finansoviy Tekhnikum).
b. Training College for Elementary School
Teachers (Ped-Uchilishche).
c. School of Commerce and Economics (Torgovo-
Ekonomicheskiy Tekhnik), located on
Mitskevicha where it occupied a large
three-story building. Under the former
Polish regime, this building had been
an apartment house for officials of the
voivodship administration.
d. Nursing School (Med-Uchilishche),
e. Training School for Lathe Workers, Metal
Workers, and Carpenters (Remeslennoye
Uchilishche), occupying buildings of a
former Polish hospital at the corner of
Krasnoarmeyskaya and Mitskevicha. The
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school comprised five or six single-story
frame buildings on Mitskevicha at the corner
of Komsomolskaya, and a three-story stone
building at 3 Krasnoarmeyskaya, the latter
serving as a hostel for the students. The
school's administrative offices were lo-
cated in a single-story building at 5
Krasnoarmeyskaya.
f. Agricultural Mechanization School (Shkola
Mekhanizatsii Selskogo Khozyaystva), for
training tractor and combine drivers and
The school was located at 70
(?) Minskaya, where it occupied three
buildings: a main, three-story structure
which had served as a district courthouse
under the Polish regime; a two-story build-
ing which served as a hostel for part of
the teaching staff; and a single-story
building which was used as a garage and
workshop.
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8. In 1957/1958, some of the above technical schools began to
be transferred to other towns. In 1957, the school of finance
was transferred to Minsk and, in 1958, the nursing school was
transferred to Baranovichi and the transfer of the teachers
training college to Borisovo was started. The other schools
remained in Novogrudok, but further transfers were expected.
The reason for the transfers was not known.
Military
9. The only military camp (voyenniy gorodok) in Novogrudok was
that located opposite the dehydration plant, about 2.5 or 3
kilometers from P1. Lenina on Mitskevicha extended. It was
about 50 to 100 meters from the outskirts of Skridlevo village.
The construction of the camp was started by the Poles but
completed by the Soviets in 1940/1941. The rear of the camp
was bordered by a carefully guarded forest, which was closed
to civilians. The local inhabitants were convinced that it
contained military stores (?). The camp itself occupied an
extensive area surrounded by a high board fence; a number of
standard two-story, red brick buildings were visible within
the camp. The camp proving grounds (poligon) were located
in the sand dunes on the way to Lida, about 10 or 12 kilometers
from Novogrudok.
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10. The military camp was occupied by a field artillery and
an infantry regiment.
Until 1957/1958,
(med-san-bat) was also stationed there, but it was trans-
ferred to Brest and replaced by another, unspecified unit.
Among the camp's senior officers were a number of colonels;
there were no higher ranks. There were generals at the
camp's headquarters in Lida, which was apparently a divisional
headquarters.
Public Institutions and Utilities
11. The Rayispolkom and Gorsovet shared a two-story building
on Mitskevicha, at the corner of Komsomolskaya. Under the
former Polish administration, the site had been the seat of
the voivodship directorate (wojewodztwo).
12. The Raykompartii occupied a two-story building in close
proximity to the Rayispolkom and Gorsovet. This building
had been the private residence of the head of the voivodship
directorate under the Polish regime.
13. The District Militia Directorate (Ray-Militsya) and the twdn
"Pasportniy Stol"were located on Mitskevicha, opposite the
Rayispolkom building.
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14. The District KGB Directorate occupied a detached, single-
story building at the beginning of 1-go Maya Street.
15. The District Gosbank branch occupied a two-story building
on Mitskevicha, opposite the Rayispolkom.
15. The post and telegraph office and the telephone exchange
occupied the former two-story Polish post office building,
on Pochtovaya near P1. Lenina.
17. A new district hospital had been under construction for a
number of years on Zheleznodorozhnaya. It reportedly will
contain about 500 beds, about 300 in the main building alone.
In early 1959, the hospital's buildings were ready for
occupancy (exact location and description unknown), but only
the contageous diseases ward had actually been opened.
18. In 1957, the installation of a central town water supply
system was begun. The pipes were still being laid in the
main streets in early 1959, but the central water tower,
located on Minskaya in the vicinity of P~1. Lenina, had been
completed. The town had no central sewage system.
19. Attached is a sketch of the street layout of Novogrudok, with
legend.
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Legend (Items 1,3,4,5,7,8, and 12 below were main streets)
1.
Ploshchad Lenina (town center) (formerly Rynek).
2.
Central town park.
3.
U1. Mitskevicha (formerly ul. Slonimska), led to Novoyelnya.
4,
U1. Sovetskaya (formerly ul. Koscielna).
5.
Ul. Lenina (formerly ul. Pilsudskiego), led to Baranovichi.
6.
U1. Sverdlova.
7.
Ul. Minskaya (formerly ul. Karelska), led to Minsk.
8.
U1. 1-go Maya (formerly ul. 3-go Maya).
9.
U1. Maliy Zamok.
10.
Ul. Zamkovaya.
il.
Ul. Pochtovaya.
12.
Ul. Chapayeva (formerly ul. Bazyljanska).
13.
U1. Krasnaya.
14.
Ul. Grodnenskaya.
15.
Ul. Krasnoarmeyskaya.
16.
U1. Zheleznodorozhnaya.
17.
U1. Komsomolskaya.
18.
Central water tower.
19.
Flour Mill No. 15
20.
Stadium.
21.
To Lyubcha.
1
22.
To Novoyelnya.
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COUNTRY: USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
SUBJECT: Miscellaneous Information on Stanislav
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1. The city of Stanislav C 48-56, E 24-47 had suffered no
damage in World War II. Although the town railroad station was,
therefore, intact after the war, it was nevertheless decided to
rebuild the passenger station, enlarging it to a three-story build-
ing. Waiting rooms, ticket offices, baggage rooms, and two restau-
rants occupied the first two floors, and the railroad offices and
railroad workers court were located on the third. The Stanislav
freight station was located opposite the passenger station, on the
P
terli~IRFT
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other side of the railroad tracks. The station's loading and
unloading area was known as "Rampa". The freight station was
surrounded by warehouses, which were stocked with coal and other
fuels. The freight which was shipped from Stanislav mainly com-
prised local industrial products, such as alcohol, leather, shoes,
and cotton. The freight station area also contained military food
stores which, according to rumor, were stocked with emergency ration
supplies (Spets Zapas). The stocks in these stores were renewed
every few months and the old stocks were issued for current consump-
tion.
2. Streets whose former Polish names were changed by the
Soviets include the following:
New Name
Pushkinskaya
DzerzhinskoT
Dadudina
Chapayeva
Radianskaya
Pervovo Maja
Stalinskoy Divizyi
Old Name
Gotuchowskiego
Kazimierzowska
Zosina Wola
Sobieskiego
Sapiezynska
3-go Maja
Legjonow
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Ni eName
Chervonoarmeyska
Stalinskoy Constitutsii
Volochinetska
Vokzalnaya
Mayora Garkuszi
Bilinskovo
Galitskaya
Old Name
Lipowa
Kaminskiego
Wolczyniecka
Kolejowa
Romanowskiego
Bilinskiego
Halicka
3. Explosives stores were located three kilometers from
Stanislav, between the villages of Yamnitsa 48-59, E 24 147 and
Pasechna fN 48-56, E 21!417, on the road to Galich LN 49-07, E 24-W J.
During the former Polish rule, these stores belonged to the Polish
Army and were known as "Prochownia". The stores, which had been
constructed underground, were enlarged by the Soviets, who also
enlarged the surrounding security area. No further details were
known.
14. The area of Stanislav's civilian airfield began in the
vicinity of the slaughterhouse, at the southwestern end of town.
A road branching east off Pushkinskaya Street led in the direction
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of the civilian airfield but was blocked by the military airfield,
which was actually an extension of the former. (This road had
continued on to Opryshovtse LN 118-53, E 24-422, but after the
building of the military airfield, the village was reached through
Dadudina Street.) The passenger station of the civilian airport
occupied an old, two-story building at the entrance to the field.
A ticket office, waiting room, and restaurant were located on the
ground floor, and the second floor was occupied by the airport
offices. The airfield, which was surrounded by a wire fence, had
some runways which were concrete-surfaced for large aircraft, and
some which were unsurfaced for use by light aircraft operating on
short routes within the oblast. From the Stanislav field there were
regular flights to all the large Ukrainian cities, including Lvov,
Ternopol, Kamenets Podolskiy, Kiev, and Chernovitsy. In addition
there was a service of Douglas-type aircraft between Stanislav and
Moscow, via Kiev. For some years Stanislav has been the center of
an independent economic area (Stanislavskiy Ekonomicheskiy Rayon)
and because of this, air traffic between the various towns and
settlements in the area has become increasingly important. Air fares
were recently lowered and rumor had it that interurban flights were
SF ItRFT
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to become even cheaper, in order to ease traffic on the overcrowded
roads. Tickets could be purchased in advance at a special town
booking office and also at the airfield itself. Apart from holiday
times, tickets could usually be obtained at the airfield shortly
before the flight. There was no check at the entrance to the air-
field and, possibly because Stanislav was only an internal airport
and had no international traffic, there appeared to be no police
surveillance of any nature on the many travelers. Before the:?.tke-
off, the passengers congregated at the exit to the runway and were
escorted to the aircraft by a steward or the pilot himsef.
5. The military airfield was located 0.5 km from the civilian
airfield, and, as stated above, was actually a continuation of the
latter. Large hangars, which served as aircraft repair workshops,
could be seen within the military airfield area. Some of the hangars
had been constructed during the Polish regime prior to 1934, whereas
others were constructed during the postwar period.
a concrete-surfaced jet aircraft runway had recently been
constructed and a jet aircraft regiment (Reaktivniy Polk) had been
stationed at the field since late 1956. The entire airfield was
maintained by an air force division, whose headquarters and personnel
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were billeted on the site of a former Polish military prison
(Wojskowe Wiezienie Karne). No further details were available.
6. Col. Bondarenko (fnu) had been commandirg officer of the
jet aircraft regiment stationed at the Stanislav military airfield
since late 1956.
SECRET
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COUNTRY:
USSR (Lithuanian SSR)
The City of Shyaulyay
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In early 1959, Shyaulyay ranked the fourth largest city in the
Lithuanian SSR, outnumbered only by Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaypeda.
It had a population of about 100,000, representing an increase of
about 70,000 over the prewar figure. For the most part, the
growth of Shyau.Lyay was ascribed to its industrial expansion.
2. Several years ago, a new bicycle factory (Velosipedniy Zavod)
was established in the city and had since become one of the town's
largest industrial enterprises. It reportedly employed about
2,000 workers in three shifts. The plant was located on the left
side of the road from Shyaulyay to Sovetsk, in the southern part
of town, where it occupied a large area enclosed by a brick wall
(no details on plant description, names of streets, etc.).
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3. The leather goods factory in Shyaulyay which before the war had
been owned by Frenkel (fnu) was expanded after the war into a
large combine, known as Elnias. It was reported that the factory
had employed about 1,000 persons before the war and, in 1959,
employed close to 2,000. The factory was located in the eastern
part of the city, on the right side of the road leading from the
center of town to a large military airfield. It consisted of a
number of four-and-five-story buildings and was still in the
process of expansion. In addition to tanning leather, the factory
manufactured footwear.
4. Another leather goods factory in Shyaulyay, one formerly owned by
the Nurok family, had also been enlarged and, in 1959, was desig-
nated Stumbras. Situated in the northern part of town on the
road to Riga, this factory manufactured felt boots (valenki)
along with its tanning operations.
5. The Gubernia Brewery, so-called since before the war, was located
northwest of the town cente
been greatly enlarged.
r (street name unknown).
It too had
6.
On the same street as the b
west, there was a large gra
the elevator, which predate
rewery, but opposite it an
in elevator. A railroad s
d the war but had been enl
d further
iding led to
arged.
S?E
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7. A large Meat Products Combine (Miasokombinat) was located about
two kilometers further west on the same road as the brewery and
grain elevator. It had developed from a prewar slaughterhouse.
8. The electric power station, which also predated the war, was
located about seven kilometers northeast of the city, on Lake
Rekiva. The station had been enlarged and used peat as fuel
(no further details).
9. A large military airfield was located about five kilometers
northeast of the town center, to the left of the road leading
to the power station. The airfield, which predated the war, was
first enlarged by the Germans. The Soviets further expanded the
field after the war and, in 1959, expansion was still going on.
A large housing project (avio-gorodok) was set up after the war
near the airfield, on the way to town, and consisted of hundreds
of residential buildings for air force personnel and their
families. Thousands of air force personnellived in the camp,
while others had private quarters in town. No details on the
airfield or on aircraft based there were known, but jet planes
were constantly seen flying over the city.
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10. There was also a military camp (voenniy gorodok) between the
grain elevator and the brewery on one side., and the meat combine
on the other. In 1959, this camp was inhabited only by officers
and their families; no enlisted men were living there. The
officers quartered at this camp wore black shoulderboards and a
black stripe on their caps (no details).
11. The railroad station consisted of a small, single-story building
and about ten pairs of tracks. About 150-200 meters from the
passenger terminal there was the freight station, which consisted
of warehouses and numerous tracks for shunting. The entire station
was almost completely destroyed during the war but was later
rebuilt, though not enlarged.
12. The state bank (Gosbank) in Shyaulyay was located in a two-story
building at the corner of Kapsukas and Melnikaites. The corner
was also the site of a fine, prewar building containing the main
post office, the telegraph office, and the telephone exchange.
Father west, on the same side of the street as the state bank., there
was a four-story building containing the offices of the MVD and the
KGB. The town council (Gorsovet) was located in a three-or-four-
story building on Pirmoi Geguze (the former Darius Gerena). Locations
were
of other public institutions/not known.
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13. Vilniaus and Lenin (formerly Tilzes) were the two principal
streets in Shyaulyay. Vilniaus crossed the city from east to
west, Lenin from north to south. The point where the two streets
met formed the center of town. Other important streets in the
city were Komunaru (formerly Varpo) and Melnikaites (formerly
Dvaro), which ran parallel to Lenin, and Kapsukas (formerly
Ausros Aleia), which ran parallel to Vilniaus (no details on
other streets).
14. Public transportation in Shyaulyay consisted of buses and taxis.
There were the following five bus lines:
a. One line ran from the meat combine to the
military airfield via the center of town.
On this line there was a bus every few
minutes.
b. One line ran from the airfield to the
power station, at 40-minute intervals.
C, One line had one terminal at the Stumbras
Factory and the other at the Bicycle Factory
running by way of the center of town, with
frequent service.
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d. One line ran from the municipal market in
the center of town to the Bicycle Factory,
e. One line ran from the municipal market to
the Pabalei quarter.
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USSR (Leningrad Oblast)
Construction of Apartment House for Scientists
in Leningrad
1. A large forced labor camp, in existence since 1945, was
located about 30 kilometers from Leningrad at the Metal-Stroy
railroad station, on the Moscow-Leningrad line. This camp, whose
limmates were employed in the construction of the large Metal-Stroy
industrial plant, had a number of branches in Leningrad proper.
One of these branches was located on Prospekt
Lenina, where it was engaged in the construction of a special
apartment house for scientists.
2. The 300 prisoners of the Camp began construction on
F- FP'F, T
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the special apartment house in 1952, on behalf of an MVD construction
concern based in Leningrad Their camp, located on the
corner of Albumirnaya Street, occupied a courtyard 150 x 100 meters
in size which was surrounded by a barbed wire fence. Serving as
billets were five wooden huts which, until the arrival of the prison-
ers, had been occupied by a military labor unit.
3. The building site was located between the large milk products
plant (Molochniy Zavod) and a municipal trolley stop. The entire area
was surrounded by a board fence which, on the side facing Prospekt
Staling, virtually encompassed the pavement. When the prisoners
arrived at the site, the foundations and skeleton frame of a single-
story building had already been built. (This construction had
allegedly been done 20 years previously and then abandoned.) The
prisoners were put to work constructing the upper stories of the
building. They were forbidden access to the lower regions where
free hired workers were said to be constructing laboratories.
b. Construction work was finished in 1955. The completed
building, part of which had five stories and part six stories, was
approximately 155 meters long and 10-12 meters wide. It contained
110 two- and three-room apartments with separate kitchens and
FrPIR T
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-3-
bathrooms., four staircases, and four elevators. The outer walls
of the building were surfaced with yellow plaster to which gold
colored marble chips had been added.
5. HY 1956 the entire building was occupied.
the apartments were occupied by important scientist
(professors, engineers and constructors) who were employed in secret
military plants and institutions. In 1956 a pharmacy, furniture
workshop and hatter's shop were occupying the ground floor of the
building, and a garage had been constructed in the courtyard.
6. Upon completion of the building in 1955, the prisoners
employed in its construction were transferred to other camps.
EGRET
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