SOVIET PUBLICATIONS ON RADIO ENGINEERING AND CARTOGRAPHY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A045400220001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 304
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 21, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 12, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Soviet Publications on Radio
Engineering and Cartography
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
12 November 1958
1
RD
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CC)NTFNT Ic TF dTATI\/c
Russian-language periodicals
STATE X ARMY NAVY
X }{ AIR X FBI AEC
(Nob: Washington distribution indieat.d by "X"; Field distribution by
a. Trudy Moskovskogo ordena Lenina Energeticheskogo Instituta, Vypusk XXXI,
Radiotekhnika Works of the Moscow Order of Lenin Power Engineering
Institute, Issue No. 31, Radio Engineering), 233 pages, published:iy the
State Publishing House for Power Literature, Moscow-Leningrad, 1958.
The contents include reports of research completed in 1956 by chairs
of the Radio Engineering Faculty of the Institute in such fields as the
theory of auto generators, theory of radio reception, question of radio
measuring, radio impulse, and wave-guide theory and telemetry.
b. Sbornik State Po Karto rafii usk 10 (Collection of Articles on
Cartography, Issue No. 10 , 67 pages, published by the State Publishing
House for Technical Literature,1958?
2. The publications may be treated as UNCLASSIFIED when detached from the
covering report.
25X1
25X1
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
MI'IHI4CTEPCTBO BbICIIIEro O6PA30BAHHSI ccx1
MOCKOBCKMPI opAexa JIEHHHA 3HEPrETH1IECKHIl HHCTHTYT
TPYAbJ
MOCKOBCKOI'O opAexa JIEHHHA
9HEP1 ETNLIECKOI,O HHCTHTYTA
BLI17YCK XXXI
PA.T[HOTEXHIHIKA
llod pedarcz4ueu do4eHTo6 B. JI. JIEEE21EBA, T. T. MAPKOBA
u K. A. CAMOFIJIO
rocYAAPCTBEHHOE 3HEPrETHT4ECKOE H3,aATEJIbCTBO
MOCKBA 19 58 JIEH4IHCPAQ
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
AHHOTAUHR
B QbinycKe ny6AUKyfoTCft pa6orbt, (3binoAHeKHble Ha Katbedpax paduoTex-
HuiecKOZO 4 aKyAbTeTa M3H u nod20T06AeHHbte K neKaTU 6 TekeKue
1956 coda. TeMaTUKa CTaTeu c6opHUKa 6eCbMa pa3HOO6pa3Ha: TeopuJ a6TO-
eeHeparopo6, TeopuR paduonpueha, eonpocbt paduoU3MepUTeAbHOU, uMnyAbC-
HoU u 6OAKO600KOU TeXHUKU, TeAeMeTpuft.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45400220001-3
BBEAEHHE
FIepBbIH C'60PHHK Tpy,gOB pa.z HOTeXHMeCK'oro 4 aKy.nbTeTa
M3I'I 6bIJI BbIHy1I[eH K IIHTH,I[eCSITHJIeTHeMy IO6HJTero MOCKOBCKO-
ro opAeHa JIeHHHa BHepreTHLIeCKOro HHCTIITy1A.
HaCTOSIMH}i c60PHHK STBJISTeTCSI BTOpbTM H BKJHO4IaeT pa60TbI,
BbInoJI'HeHHble Ha Ka(pe,upax pa,wHOTeXHHqeCKOr0 (4aKyJIbTeTa H
IIOJZrOTOBJIeITHble ?K IIegaTH 'B TegeHHe 1956 roaa.
CTaTbH C'6OpHHKa OCBelgaIOT HeKOTOpble BOIIpOCbI TeopHH aB-
'PoreHepaTOpOB, MeTo)IoB 4)a30BbIX H3MepeHHH H TeJIeMeTPHH, Teo-
pHH paaHonpHeMHbIX yCTpOcICTB, a TaK)Ke HMnyJIbCHOH H BOJIIIO-
BO1 HOFT TeXHHKH.
BCe CTaTbH HaHJTHCb pe3yJIbTaTaMH HaygHO-HGCJ eJ oBaTeJIb-
CKHX pa6oT, npoBOgH'MbIX Ha Ka4}e pax 4)aiKyJIbTeTa. LIaCTb H3
HHx HanHCaxa Ha OCHOBe 3au HUleHHbIX HJIH HoaporraBJIHBaeMbIX
K 3aMHTe RHccePTaUHA.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
K PAC9ETY YCTAHOBJIEHH51 KOJIEBAHHH B
ABTOfEHEPATOPAX
KaHO. rexH. Hayrc M. B. BAawoeeuyekcuuli.
BBE, E.HHE
HccJIeA'osaHHe neipexo,AHblx n'poueocoB B aBTorexepaTOpax
HMeeT 6ojibLUOe 3HageHHe AJi i 'p?H.ja npaKTHTiecKHX nipHJIO}KeHHl3,
CBH3aHHbIX C HMnyJlbCHOI3 TeXHHKOI3. B JIHTepaType no HecTauHo-
HapHbIM npoueccaM B aaToreHepaTopax [1, 4, 8, 9] aaloTcsl pe-
WeHHH TOJIbKO HeKOTOpbIX TIa.cTHbIX 3a,i[aq, He .pa3pa6aT'blBaeTca
o6IIjag McToAHKa HCCJIeaoBaHHH. B 6o7IbIIiHHCTBe pa6oT He 3a-
TparHBaIOTCH Bai}KHble 'BOnpOCbI BOi3'HHKH,OBeHH5I HagaJIbHo,I3 aM-
HJIHTy J.bl 3a CLPeT yaapHOrO BO36y)K;IeHHH KOJIe6aTe1Ib'HOd3 C'HCTe-
MbI a'BToreHepaTopa, He yqHTbI'BaeTC$I aBTOiMaTJ1 eC;KOe CMelije'HHe.
Pac morrpe'HHe 'n'poueCCOB B AByXKOHTypHbIX CXe'Max Be'AeTc5i npa
H'eLOIIYCTHMbIX npeHe6pe}KexasIx.
B HaCTOSIIueg pa'6OTe H3JIaraeresI o6raI3 McTOA CoCTaBJIeHHSI
ypa'BHeHHH nepexoAHOro npoljecca !H ero npH'6JIH3KeHlHOrO pelue-
HHH. Ha np:HMepax noxa3aHo HCfl(JIb3OBaHHe ofHCaHHoro McToAa
B npa,KT'IIxieCKHX pactierax.
YpaBHeHHe nepexoAHoro npouecca
HecTagHOnapxbie npoueocbI B aBTore'HepaTope B03HH'KaIOT n'PH
Ka'KHX-JIH6o MaHHnyJIHuwHX CO cxeMO4i HJIH C HCTOLIHHKaMH n'HTa-
HHH, HMeIOIIHX Iueiibio noJIytIeHHe BbICOKo lacTOTHbIX KOJIe6aHHH,
MoAyJIHpoBaHHbIX HO OnpeAeJIeHHOMy 3a'KOiHy. B HMnyJIbcHOfl Tex-
HHKe OCO6bIK IHHTep'ec npeACTaBJIHeT reHepHipO'IBa'HHe BbICoKORIaC-
TOTHbIX HMnyJIbCOiB C npHiMOyroJIbHOI%I ('B HAeaAe) orH'6aloiueH.
)IJIH 3Toro a'HOAHaH uenb, HJIH uenb CMeeuIeHHH, nHTaeTCH OT HC-
TotiHHKa-Mo'AyJISITopa, Bblpa6aTblBaloiu'ero HM'nyJlbcbl HanpH-
3KeHIISI, 6JIIH3KHe nO (4OlpMe K npHMoyrOJlbHbI,M.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
NISI HCC.IIejOBaHHH n'poue'Cca ycTa,HOBJIeHHSI Koile'6aHHH MO)K-
HO BOCnoJIb3'0'BaTbCH 113BeC'THbIM [5] yKOpO-IeHHbIM CHM'BOJIH'HeCKHM
yp aBHeHHeM
U = Ia,Zy,
CB5I3bIBaIOLuHM KOMHJIeKCHbie aMnJIHTYAbI yn'paBJI Houl.ero HanpH-
)KeHHH U H nepBOH ra'pMO'HH'KH aHOAHOIP0 To;Ka I a1 liepe3 ynpaB-
JHnoH ee COnpOTHBJIeHHe Zy. OAHaKO npH 3TOM OCTaeTCH OTKpbI-
TbIM BO[POC O HaqaJIbHOH aMHJIHTyJje, C KOTOpOH HaTiHHaeTCH Ha-
paCTaHHe KOJIe'6aHHH. 9Ty HaiianlbHyio aMHJIHTyLy, B03HHKaioInylo
3a CLICT HeCTaUHOHa'pHOPO npoiueCCa B KOHType OT IjekTBHH MO
,7yJIHpyIOMero HMnyJIbCa, MO)KHO HaIITH O6bIgHbIMH n'pHeMaMH
3JI'eKTpOTeXHH'KH. Ho rip H 3TOM eAHHbIH ipH3H''IeCKHH npouecc
o6pa30BaHHH HaLIaJIbuoH aMnJIHTyabi H nocJieAylonjero ee HapaC-
TaHHH OnnCblBaeTCH pa3JIHMHbIMH ypalBHeHHHMH. DTHM npoueCC
HCKyCCTBeHHO pac JIeHSIeTCH Ha ABa KaK 6bI CaMOCTOHTeJIbHbIX
ripouecca, wo He COOTBeTCTiByeT J!eHC'TBHTeJIbHOCTH.
YJjaeTCH COCTaBHTb Ta'Koe ypaBHe'H13e, KOTOPOe HOJIHOCTbIO
OHHCbIBaeT ne'peX~OAHbIH n'pouecc (HJIH, no KpaIHe.H Mepe, ero
nepByio CTaAHIO), TO eCTb BO3HHKHOBeH,He Ha'4aJIbHO'H aIMHJIHTyAbI
H ee aaabHefiuee HapacTaHHe.
IIpJ 6oJIbimOH 'CKBa)KHOCTH MOAYJIHPYIOH HX HMnyJIbCOB, KOr-
,ja HeCTal~HOIIa'pHble npoueCCbi, BBbI'3BaHHbie nperjbIJJyLU.H!M HM-
nyJIbcoM, yCnelOT 3aTyXHyTb K MOMeHTy HOHBJIeHHH nocJleAylolue-
ro, aBTOreHepaT'Op MO'}KHO paCCMaTPHB Tb KaK HeaBTOHOMHy}O CA-
cTeMy, HaxoAHnjyloCH nOJj B03JjeHCTBHeM BHeuIHerO HanpH)Ke-
HHH. HHaiie ro'BOp5, aBTOre'HepaTOip inpeACTaBJIHeTCH B BHAe He-
KOTOpOrO 3K'BHBaneHTHOrO ;yio c opMyJly:
u = UKaq exp [(SRy - 1) t/TK] cos (w0t + w),
k - - D tg2 - FMKU,,r (Iwo)
Uxav-F(moo) II-f-k Faeus(jwo)
O6b14HO B aBToreHepaTopax Ko3(I)qHuHeHT o6paTH09
CBH3H k COCTaajiieT BeJIHgHHy HOpA,aKa 0,1 -0,3. CJIeAOBa-
TeJIbHO, Ha iaJIbHaH aMnJIHTyaa Uxav B CXeMe pHc. 2, r,e
MouyIIHpyloujee HanpHxceHHe BBOAHTCH nocoe)1oBaTe.lbHo
B KOHTyp, no.Iy4aeTCH BecbMa 3Ha4HTenbHoI3. [IpH BepTH-
KaJIbHOM (fJpOHTe MOAyJIHpyloluero HMHyJIbCa OHa paBHa
(10- 30)?/0 OT Ea.
CoBceM HHaT KapTHHa no.nygaeTCH B cxeMe pHc. 3. 3,uecb,
6e3 ylieTa eMKOCTH CaK, HMeeM:
K (jw)
1 SZy
K(ja) D(1+ja)
1-SRy+ja
HaKOHeu, no c opMyJie (4) HoJly4aeM:
UKa4 = SDSRyF(j-o)?
3aKOH HapacTaHHH KOJIe6aHHlt OCTaeTCH TOT 3Ke - 3KCHOHeH-
ijHaJIbHbIII, OgHaKO B 3TOK CXeMe BCJIH4HHa IIa4IaJIb}OIt aMHJIHTy-
J bI Hp,H Hp04HX paBHbIX 'YCJIOB'HHX OKa33bIBaeTCSI 31la4HTeJIbHo
McHbHIe, 4eM iB CxeMe pic. 2. Ta'Kot! 'pe3yIIbTaT 06-bHCHHeTC5i TeM,
TO B CXeMe, rj e MOA'yJIHTOp BKJII04eH Me]KAy JIaMHoi H KOHTy-
pOM, KOHTyp B036y}K.,]aeTCH TOJIbKO TOJI14KOM TOKa 4epe'3 JIa'Mny.
fIpH TOM aMHJIHTy;ja HaHpM)Ke'HHSI Ha KO'HType paBHa HpOH3Be-
AeHHIO BeJIH'HHbI HMHyJIb'Ca TOKa Ha xaipaKTepHCTHTIeCKoe CO-
HpOTH,BJIeH,He KOHTypa (Hpr HAeaJIbHOM HMHyJIbCe). O6bI4Hble
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BHaqeHHSi ToKa ('ComB MHJiJIHaMnep) H COBpOTHBJIeHH$i (COT'Hid
oM) .i aioT 3HatleHHH HatIaJIHHOH aMIIJIHTy,gbI, H3'MepSIeMble AeCHT-
KaMH BOJIbT. B cxeMe, rae MOAYJISITOp BKJIIOLIe'H n'ocJIeAoBaTeJIbHo
B KOHTyp, Ha'np}I)KeHHe Ha HeM AocTHraeT HanpH}KeHHHH HiCTOiIHH-
Ka allOAHoro HHTaHHH H MO)KeT H3Mep5ITbC51 MHOrHMH COTHHIMH
BOJIbT HJIH .r a3Ke KHJIOB'OJIbTaMH.
OTCIO,aa CJIeayeT BbIBOA, 4TO CXeMbi c BIKJnOLIeHHeM H'CTOLIHIHKa
MO,uyJIHpyIOIIi'HX HMiJIYJIb'COB HOCJIeaO'BaTeJIbHO B KOHTYp n'peAnotI-
THTeJIbHee Apy.rHx, TaK KaK AaIOT 6oJIbluee 3Ha2IeHHe Ha'LIaJIbHOH
aMHJIHTyrbI H, CJIeAoBaTeJIbHO, 6OJiee 6bIcTpoe Hapa'CTanle K'OJIe-
6aHHH.
HeoftoaIHMO oTMeTHTb, LITO B cxeMe pHC. 3 CymeCTBeHIHYIO
pOJIb H!rpaeT Ila-pa3HTHaSi eM'?KOCTb Me3+AY aHOAOM H KaTOAOM, tie-
Pe3 KOTOp'YIO KOHTyp oKa3blBaeTCH LIaCTHgHO HOA'KJI1O ieHHbIM K H'C-
TOti'HH,Ky MoAyJIHpy}O'uJ,ero ?HanpH'xie'HHx. 3TO 3aMeTH'O yBeJIHtIH-
BaeT 3HatieH?He HatiajlbHOH aMnJIHTyAbI, oCO6eHHO Ha BbICOKHX '4ac-
ToTaX. AHajiorHLIHbIH II'p.eAblAyujeMy 'pactieT H'p?HBOJLHT K TaKOH
(c'op?MyAIe AJIH oIDpe.reJleHri HatIaJlb'HoH aMnJIIHTyAbI:
UHa1j = SRy (lwoCax + SD) ,F (Iwo).
HaJ1HtIHe eMKOCTH CaK C03AaeT nyh AAA J o6aBO11HOrO TOKa,
B036y3KAaiou1,erO KOHTyp, H npHBOAHT K ?yBeJIHtieHHIO HagajIbHOH
aMrIJIHTyAbI.
IIpo,(4eccopy C. M. EBTHHOBy 'npHHOHIy 6JIaroAaplOCTb 3a co-
BeTbi H ueHHbie yKa3a'HHH.
JIHTEPATYPA
1. H. (D. A J1 e K c e e?B, K Bonpocy ycTaHOBJIeHHB .xojie6aHHA B aBToreue-
paTopax AeuHMeTp'oBoro axanaaona BOJIH, PaAHorexIo Ka, N2 8, 1956.
2 H 3. M. B. B n a r o B e u e H C K H Ht, IlepexoAHbte npoueCCbi B aBToreHe-
paTOpax, AHCCepTauHH, M3H, 1954.
4. B. 1'epuor, K Bonpocy 06 yCTaHOalleHNH KoJte6aHHR B aBToreHepaTO-
pax, Archive der Elektr. Udertragung, T. 6, Heft 2, 1952.
5. C. H. E8 T H H 0 B, 0 CBB'3H Me)cay cHMBoJmH4eCKHIMH H yKOp'ORreHHbMMH
ypaBHeHHBMH, Pa1IHOTexHHKa, N2 1, 1946.
6. C. H. E B T H H 0 B, Ilepexouabte npOUeCCbI B npxeMHO-yCHJrxTeJIbHbIX
cxeMax, CB513b 43AaT, 1948.
7. C. H. E a T B H 0 8, PaAHoanepe,ua1OIUHe ycTpoicraa, Css3bH'3AaT, 1950.
8. r. A. 3 e H T .Ti e HO K, HeCTaUHOHapHOe COCTOSBHHe KaTOAHOro aBToreae-
paTopa B MoMeHT ero BK.NOHeHHB, THT6dI, Ns 52, 1929.
9. JI. E. K n B r H H, IIep'exoAHbre npoue'OCbt B JtaMnoBOM asTOreHepaTope,
AHccepTauHB, M3HC, 1951.
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,QEJIHTEJIb 'IACTOT C HEHOCPE)JCTBEHHbIM
3AXBATbI BA H H EM
Kaid. Texu. xayk dori. K. A. CaisoCAo.
BBejjeHHe
,LeJIeHHe 4aCTOTbI IIIHpO'KO HpHMeHH'eTCR B pa3JIHtIHbIX o6Jiac-
TSIX pajjHOTeX'HH'KH. Bee 60AbHlee IIpHMeHeHHe IIOJI'ytIalOT CXeMbI
jjeJIHTeJIeI "-{aCT0TbI C HefOCpeJICTBeHHbIM 3aXBaTbI'BaHHeM.
McTOJ HCCJIeJ OBaHHH pa60TbI 3THX j[e.IIHTeJIef C IIOMOIIjb1O
jjBOf'IHbIX p I.2OB (ypbe, H'pHMeHHeMblfi B HaCTcHrn ee BpeMSI, .i aeT
ripaBHJIbHOe OILHCaHHe HPOHCX);jq :HX HBJI,eHHf4, OJ HaKO 3TOrr Me-
TOjj RBJIHeTCH rpOMO3AKH'M H, BepOSITHO, MaJIO HpHrIOAHbIM )IJIH HO-
JIylIeHHH COOTHOIIIeHHN, Heo,6xojjHMbIx AIJIH HH)KeHepHOI'O pacHeTa
jjeJIHTeJIeH. B aaHHOH CTaTbe riPIHBOj[HTCH q)a30BO-HMHyJIbCHbIfI Me-
TOjI H0CJIe, OBaHHB pa60TbI jjeJiHTeJi5 ZiaCTOTbI, KOTOpbIIi 1IpOCTO It
,aOCTaTOtiH0 cTporO o61b1CHHeT ripoIjeccbl, rnpOTeKalOMHe B AeJIH-
TeJIe, H r103B0JIHeT noJIy4IHTb COOTHOIIIeHHH, HpHro Hble ijJT li'H-
)KeHepHbIx pa'cteTOB.
t'a30B0-HMnyJIbCHbIN McTOjj
(Da30BO-HMHyJIbCHblf! McT0,j 3aKJHotaeTCH B TOM, 'ITO Ha 4)a30-
dU
BOh WIOCKOCTH (U, dti ) pacoMaTpHBaeTCH H3MOHeHHe Ha1Ip31-
}Ke'HZHSI Ha KOJIe6aTeJIbH'0M KOHType Hojj r efICTBHeM HMrIyJIbCOB
TOKa. q)a30B0-HMHyJibCHbIR McTOJI 0006eHHO yJo6HO H'pHMeHHTb K
CHCTeMaM, COCTOHH1HM 143 KOJIe6aTeJIbHoro KOHTypa H JIa'MHbI (Ha-
rlpHMep, pe30HaHCHbIN YCHJIHTe.Ib, reIepaTop*, YMH03KHTeJIb tiac-
TO'TbI Ii AeJIHTeJlb LIaCTOTbI C HeHOC'pejjCTBeHHbIM 3aXBaTbIBaHHeM).
Pa60Ta 3THX CHCTeM MOiKeT 6hITb paCCMOTpeHa c no-
MOIIjb10 cxeMbI (pHc. 1), COCTOBiljefi H3 KOJIe6aTe7IbHoro KOH-
Typa L,C,r H JIaMHbI JI, uepe3 KOTOpy10 npOTeKaIOT HMHyJIb-
* ca3oB0-HMHyJJbcIIbIA McT0.j tibia H;pHMeHeH 10. 6. Ko63apeBblM ,JIR
HCCJ1C1joBaHIIR RBJ1e1IHR 3aXBaTblBauHH
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lbl TUKa 1,, (t), BbI3bIBaeMble HanpH?KeHHeM e (t), AeriCTByI011tHM
B uenH CeTKH.
PaCCMOTpHM KOJIe6aHHH Hanpf?KeHHA Ha KOHType, nOJib3y-
HCb cpa30BO9 IIJIOCKOCTbIO (U, dU fpH OTCyTCTBHH
\ dT )
HMQyJIbCOB &HOAHOrO TOKa
to (t) = 0
B KOHType cyujeCTByJOT 3aTyxaloluHe KOJIe6aHHH:
U = Ume-at cos (w1 t + cpo),
Pnc. 1. CxeMa B03-
6yxcAeHHA aone6a-
HH 1 B pe30HaHC-
HOM KoHType.
Pic. 2. H3o6pa)KeHHe 3aTyxalo-
nlHx KOJIe6aHH1% Ha 4la3OBOA
IIIIOCKOCTH.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Ha cpa3OBOfi HJIOCKOCTH 3TH KoJie6aHHH H3oopa}KaloTcH csepTbl-
BaIoluefrcH cnHpaJIbio (pic. 2).
3a nepHo. 'pe3OHa1-IeHOfi LiaCTOTbi T, H3o6'paMCaloma5 To'HKa
Ha 4)a3'OBOI3 nJIOCK'OCPH npo6eraer yrOJl, paB:Hbift 2n, H aMnJIHTyAa
KoJIe6aHHH BCJIeACTBHe 3aTyxaHHH yMexbiuaeTCH Ha BeJIHtIHHy:
A, U,, = Um (1 - e-'TP) = UmaTP. (4)
PaCCMOTpHM ,I[eliCTBHe Ha KOHTYP 6ecKOHetI'HO IKOpOTKOIro HM-
nyJlbca Toxa, n'pHxoA'Hnlero B MoMeHT iBpeMeHH to H o'6JIa.ZJalou1ePO
xoHeiHOl3 nJ1'otuazbio
to+o
q = S iadt.
t,-o
(5)
r 1
0) P
2L 7LC
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
flo2i aefiCTBHeM TaKOPO HMnyJIbca HanpD}KeHHe Ha KoH1aeHCa-
TOpe MTHOBeHHO yMeHbIHHTCH Ha BeJIHTI,HHy
to+o
oU= y = 1 I
c iadt.
to-0
(6)
3TO BbI3blBaeT CKaYOK Ha BeJIH4HHy AU, KOTOpbI9 npo-
HCXOaHT npH yrne c?, COOT BeTCTByIouleM MOMeHTy npHXoaa
HMIIyJIbCa to (pHc. 3). CKa90K HanpHIKeHHH AU Bb13OBeT npH-
palljeHHe aMnJIHTyj[bI KoJIe6a-
HHH I iUm H npHpmeHHe (Ja3bl
KOJIe6aHHH A,cp, KOTOpble onpe-
JjeJIHIOTCH ()OpMyJIaMH, noJly-
'IaeMbIMH H3 pHc. 3*,
AiUm = AU Cos p, (7-a)
Um -.. 7. Y ,- )
PHc. 3. H3o6pa:KeHHe Ha tasoaorl
HJIOCKOCTH CKaf9Ka HaupH>KeHHH Ha
KoHaeHcalope.
JIeiiCTBHe HMHyJIbCa TOKa
1a (t) KOHetHoIt RJIHTeJIb'H,OCTH
Ha KOHTyp MOB(T 6bITb 3aMeHe-
HO JjefCTBHeM CYMMbI pgaa KO-
p'OTKHX HMITyJIbCO'B, B npeJlreJle
CTpeMHHI,HXCH K 6eCKO'HeLIIHO KO-
POTKHM.
CgHTaeM, 'ITO KoJIe6aHIIH
6JIH3KH K C'HHyOoH4aJIbHbIM, TO
eCTb 'fTO K0HTyp o6JIajjaeT BbICOKOcI Jj06pOTHOCTbIO H OTHOCHTeJIb-
Hoe npHpaa e'HHe aMnJIHTyJjbI 3a nepHoJI Ma.-io. Toraa nou aeiiCT-
BIIeM CyMMbI 6eCKOHeHHO KopOTKHX HMHyJIbCOB HpoH3olijyT npH-
pameHHH aMHJIHTyJjbl H (Ja3bI KOJIe6aHHH, KOTOpble onpeJjeJIHIOTCH
(4OpMyJIail1:
A iUm =_ C I is (t) Cos c? (t) dt (8-a)
OtY CUm
t,
i,, (t) sin p (t) dt, (8-6)
i,
* cop,yabc (7-a) x (7-6) TaKace MoryT 6biT5 JICrKO noJty,leHh[ 113 3Hep-
reTH9ecKhx cooTHouleimi.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
r,ae: t, - MOMeHT HamaJla AeflcmI1H HMnyJlbca;
t2 - MOMeHT KO'HIZa 1IefICT11HH HMnyJlb'Ca.
3aMeHHM HMnyJIbC TOKa KOHetmOIi iJIHTeJIbHOCTH 3KBHBaJIeHT-
HbIM 6ecKOHe4H0 KOpOTKHM IHMIr1yJIbCOM, Bbh3bLBaJOIiLHM Taxoe )Ke
npH'palueHHe aMHJ1'HTYabT H 4)a3bl xoJIe6aHHH. rlOi( AeNCTBHeM
3KBHBaAeHTHOro 6ecKOHe4HO iKOpOTKOrO H'MnyJlbCa Ha cpa3OBOI
nJIOCKOCTH n'p'OH'30IiiL T 3KBIPBaJ1eHTHbIIi CKagOK Han'p5l}Ke'HHA
At Ur, c 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH K~a30Ii (P,.
BeJIHgH,Hbl 3KBHBaJIeHTHOPO 'CKa4Ka H 3K'BHBa.Ie'HTHOIi (ba3bl
Onpe1[eJI5110TC51 H3 yCAOBH'SI Co3..1;aHH j TaKOrO )Ke npHpal;eHHSI aM-
nJIHTy,abI H (pa3bI KOAe6aHHH, KOrropbl'e Co3aaloTCB iaef4CTBYIOII.IHM
HMnyJIbCOM TOKa, TO eCTb
t.,
- AiUB cos is (t) cos T (t) dt, (9-a)
UmA sin = CUm is (t) sin y (t) dt. (9-6)
it
floKa)KeM, 4TO npH CHMMeTpH4HbIX HMHyJIbCSX TOKa, KO-
pOTKHX no CpaBHeHHIO C nePHOiOM KOAe6aHHIi, MO)KHO nO.ilb-
3OBaTbCH *JIH onpeAeJleHHH
CKa4Ka HanpAxCeHHH AU, H (ba- i(t)
SbI rp, npH6AHBCeHHbIMH (pOp-
MyJIaMH:
t,
AU, = f iadt, (10-a)
T9 'P1+T2
2 (10-6)
PaCCMOTnHM JTeliCTBHa n
HMO-
p
PAC. 4. BpeMeHHaH AHarpaMMa HM-
yFOJIbHOrO HMnyJIbCa (pHc. 4),
nynbca axouxoro ToKa.
,I1pHXO,L5lllLero B HHTeepB JI BpeMe-
HH (tr.-t2) , cOOTBeTCTBy1O1uHli 4 a3aM xoJIe6aIiHn ((pt-(P2).
BocnOAb3OBa3IIIHCb npH6JIH)KeHHbIMH cp'OpMyJIaMH (10-a) H
(10-6), Ha'HReM:
AU, =
C J ladt = Jm NC ti)
(11-a)
`?1 +P2
2 = To.
(11-6)
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4)t
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
1-1pIJ 3TOM nplipaweHHH aM.rumyj bl H O)a3bl KOJIe6aHHH COOrJIaC-
HO Bbipax(eHHHM (7-a) H (7-6) onpeue.aHIOTCH Tax:
AiUm = .,U,9 Cos p3 = Jm. (tC tI) Cos p0, (12-a)
Jm(ts-t,l
- U sin rp3 = - CU sin p,. (12-6)
Ai,? Au"
m m
flp,Hpani,eI-IHH aMnjIHTy.Abl m (ja3bl KOJIe6anan, onpeAeJleHHble
rIo 4OpMyJIaM (8-a) H (8-6), paBHbl:
1P,
AiUm= C Sa(t)C05P(t)dtw0c SCOs(00t+Po)dP =
TT,
Jm (t2 - t1) - COS 0. (9)
d`p
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
HeycT09MHBOii o6JlacTblo:
df(V) TKp - 7 M.
Y4HTbIBaH Bblpa?KeHHe (14), no.nyvaeM:
OfnoM Sin cPnoM
(15)
(16)
Hari eM COOTHOIIIeHHe ~Me3KAy 1lpHpaU eHHeM Han'pSDKeHHSI OT
3aXBaTbIBaIo1ijeIi 3.j[.C., o6ecnegHBaloU eI3 3aaaHHyIO nojiOCy jIe-
JIeHHH VI-V2, n npHpauIAeHHeM HaHpSI}Ke'HHS1 OT nOMexH, BbI3bIBa-
iou ell nepeCKOK 4)a3bl.
Pa3Ae.IHB BbIpa3Keme (16) Ha BbIipa6KeHHe (11), no y' iHM:
LUnOM Sir' pnOM TKp - T (17)
vs)
1W1 sin cpKp is (v1 -
1'13 BbIpa)KeHH4I (17) !BHAHO, IITOI OTHOIHeHHe npHpalue'H1S1 Ila-
n'pSH}KeHHSI OT noMeXH, HeO6'X0AHMOe jjJIH CKaT-IKa (ba3bl K npHpa-
njeHHIO HanIp5I}KeHHSI OT 3aXBaTbIBaIOII.[eiI 3.A.C., o6paTIIO nponop-
I[HOHaJIbHO Tpe6'yeMox noiioce AeJ1'eHH51 VI-v2 H paCTeT C 'pOCTO,MI
KpHTH'veCKO'TO yrJia (pp.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
PereHepaTHBHbI J[eJIHTeJIb gatTOTIbi
BJIOK-CXeMa p'ereHepaTHBHar0 1[eJIHTeJI'H T IacTOTbI 143061pa3KeHa
Ha pHC. 8. ByAeM C'LIHTaTb iBCIO HHepuJJHOHHOCTb cocpegOTOgeH'HOfi
Cos(W.t-y*(P)
PHc. 8. 6aoK-caeMa pereaepaTHBHoro AeaRTenR
9aCTOTbI.
BaoJ
(w,t'iP*0)
B KOHTyp?e CMeCHTeJISi. IZpH 3TOM CXeMa pereHepaTHB'HOPO AeJIHTe-
JIH gaCTOTbl npH~MeT BHA, H3O6pa3KeHHbIM Ha 'pHC. 9.
L -ImCOS(GJt +IP)
Cos (ft- 1) (lit
PHC. 9. YIIpOIUeHHa i cxeMa pereHepaTHBHoro AeaHTelifl
4aCTOTbI.
HafaeM 3aBHCHMOCTb 4 a3bI FIMIIy.IbCa TOKa 't) OT (4a3bl yMHO-
3K'eHIHoro HanpSI)Ke'HHH (n-1)? ((p+V) C HOMOIII,bIO Bp'eMeHHbIX
AHarpaMM, iH306pa)Ke'HHbIX Ha pHC. 10.
C11HTaeM, TO HMHyJIbC a'HOAHOPO Tom B03HHxaeT B MOMeHT,
KOPAa HarIp5oKeHHe Ha CeTKe, paDnoe CyMiMe yMHO)KeHH,OPO 'Ha'npH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
)KeH'HSI UyAw 11 3aXBaTbIBaK)HZero HanpSi)KeHHSi e, Ma'KCHMa.wbHO.
HarLAeM (pa3y HM1IyJIbC'OB TO,Ka IIpII pu,je ;I;IICK'peTHbIX 3Ha'4eHHil
4)a3bl yMHO)KeHHOrO Ha:HpH)KeHHR.
PHc. 10. BpeMeHHbie AHarpaMMbl Hanpfl)KeHHA Ha CeTKe H TOKa
naMnbi.
1. (? ',- ~) = 0; ~ = 0; HMeeTCH O. HH HMnynbC (N2 1).
2. (+)=
3. (T+~)=
I)a3a
(~a3a
2a 2n
n(n-1)' n
n(n-1)'
nepBoro HMHYJ1bCa hi
(N4 2).
n - 1)'
(2n-- 1)
n(n-1)
BTOporO HMnyJlbca ~2 = -
Ha pHC. 11 H3o6pa)KeH xapaKTep 3aBHCHMOCTH (Ja3bI HM-
nYJIbCOB TOKa OT 4Ja3bl yMHO)KeHHOFO HanpH)KeHHS1. Eci1H
H3BeCTeH yron CABHra 4)a3 B KOHType Pi, TO, IIOJIb3yHCb
pHC. 11, MO)KHO HATH yron 41. UJIH 3TOI'O cne.ayeT OTJIO-
)KHTb n0 OCH (p + ') yron pl, H H3 no.nyqeHHOft TOLIKH ripO-
BeCTH npHMyIO noA yrnoM 45? K ocHM Ao nepecegeHH.9 C
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
kpHBOF 4 = f (p (uiTpHX-nyHKTHpHaH JIHHHH Ha )HC.
To Ka nepeceqeHH1 npgMOA H KpHBO# f (T + )) AaCT 3Ha9e-
HHH HCKOMbIX q)a3.
PaCC.MOTpHM COOTHOIneHHe Me)Kgy 4)a'30I3 TOKa 1H 4)a'3Oii Ha-
npR)KeH.HH Ha KOHType npeO6pa3OBaTeJISI, nOJIbi3yHCb 4)a'3OBOH
211
n
9C
n(n-1
PHc. 11. 3aBHCHMOCTb 4)a3bl HMnyAbCOB TOK& OT 4)a3bi yMHOHCeH-
HOrO HanpaxceHHH.
IIJIOOKOCTbIO (U, U), MO6pa)KeHHOIi Ha pHe. 12. flog aefIcTBH-
eM HMnyJIbCa TOKa 6ygeT BO3HHKaTb CKa'1OK HanpH}KeHHH AU.
YpaB1i'eHHe ycTaHOBJIeH'H$I '(pa'3bI IMo}KeT 6bITb noJly 4eHO H3 pac-
OMoTpeHHH ABH)KeHHH H306pa)Ka1OIUeH TOMKKII Ha 4)a3OBOR nJIOC-
KOCTH? OHO HMeeT BHg, aHaJIOTH'IHbIIH ypaBHeHHIO (1) :
2n'` = - ,cv - 1 {AU1 sin cp1- AU, sin p,}. (18)
d -c um
nOCTpOHM xapaKTep 3aBHCHMOCTH:
f(?+,},)- 1 {AU1sin(p1-AU2sin?2). (19)
Um
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
)j.1I5I BTOro paccMOTpHM 3Ha4eHHe f (P + ~) B pallOHe pHAa
AHcKpeTHbIX TOge c
1. (~P+~)=0; c1 U,=0; f U
sin .1,
m
2. (~P+i')-- n(n1); 0Ui = AU,;
1)) < 0 H6o sin y, > sin pl.
f (n(nTc
3. LIepe3 HyJIb f (i + t) nPOXOAHT IIpH
+ of-O C n (n- 1)
PHc. 12. (Pa3osas nnoCKOCTb, H3o6pawalo-
naH Hanpfl)KeHHe Ha KOHType.
4. 3HwleHHe yrna (y + y ),rp, npH KOTOpOM CpyHKIuHA f (L+t )
npOXOAHT qepe3 MaKCHMyM, McHbLH 3Ha'eHHH +
cneAOBaTeJIbHO:
(4' ? ~)Kn <
n (n- 1)
5. IZpH cMetueHHH yMHo%eHHorO HanpH)KeHH} Ha yron
(P + 1) = n (n 1) BHOBb ycTaHasnHBaeTCA TOJIbKO OAHH HM-
nyJlbC TOKa (N4 2), KOTOpbIri CMeIueH OTHOCHTenbHO nepBO-
HagaJlbHorO Ha yron n~`. TaKHM o6pa3oM, BHOBb HaCTynaeT
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
CocTOHHHe pasHoeec i (=9; P~= n") , do yxce icax BTO-
poro HMnynbca. YCTOl HBbie COCTOSIHH$i paBHOBeCHH B03MO)KHBI Ha y1iaCT-
KaX KpHBOH f (? + 4), HMeJoInHX nOJIO)KHTenbHbIH HaILJIOH.
PHc. 13. XapaKTep 3aBHCHMOCTH f(T + ~).
Y1iHTbIBa5i BTO, MO)KHO CgHTaTb, LITO
?KpKeHHH Ha KOHAexcaTOpe HOA
Ae>=ICTBHeM KaxcAoro HMnyJibCa TOKa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
YCTaHOBHBIUH4iCH pe)KHM Koji e6amli HanpsI}KeHIHH Ha aHOA-
HOM KOHTypC pe30HaHcHoro VCHJIHTeJIH n3O6pa3HTCH Ha q)a'3oB104
rJIOCKOCTH B BHAe 3aMKHyTOPO IIHKJIa (,pHc. 3).
r1OJIb3ysICb H3o6pa)KeHHeM I a moI3 trr iocKocTH (pHc. 3) ,I
yq-HTbLBasI, qTO 3a nepHOA aMnjFHTyaa CBO6OA'HbIX KOJIe6aBHIi
yMeHbinaeTCH Ha BeJIi33'IHHy, rrpHMepHO lpaBHyio aTUm, noarymeM
PHc. 2. PeadbHas H M) eaxbHas
4opMa HMnyJ[bCOB alOAHoro
TOKa JlaMnb[.
PHc. 3. IIOpTpeT yCTaHO-
BHBIuerocg pe)KHMa Ha
4)a3OBOH fIJIOCKOCTH.
,IIH40epeHlZHaJIbHble ypaBHeHIrH, Xapa,KTepH3yIou He pe)KHM yCTa-
HoBJIeHHA aMUJIHTyILbI H 4$a3bl Konne6a?HHH. DTH ypaoHeH,HH HMeIOT
BHA:
dUm AUc
dt = T COST - a Um, (13-a)
dt = (a'i `an) - UmT Sin?, (13-6)
rn,e: U. - aMUJIHTyga KOJIe6aHHA HanpH)KeHHA Ha KOHType;
- 4)a3a HMnyJIbCa TOKa OTHOCHTeJIbHO HyJIeBOfi 4 a-
3bI KOJIe6aHHft Ha KoHType;
T- nepHOA Ko.Ie6anHft;
a - saTyxaHHe, KoTopoe onpezeJIHeTC5 napaMeTpaMH
KOHTypa:
r
2L - 2Q
(14)
3.I[eCb m1 - MrHOBeHHoe 3HaggeHHe KpyrOBOI lIaCTOTbI HM-
nyJIbCOB alOAHorO TOKa, KOTopoe oupezLeJIHeTCH
BbIpa)KeHHeM:
~I = ddt = wo + en Q COS 9 t. (15)
0
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha1TH cTpOroe pelueHHe CHcTeMbl ypaBHe,HHH (13-a H 13-6)
TpyfHO.
,UJIH cJrytiasi MaJibIX KOJIe6aHHFI (pa3bl HMHyJIbCOB ToKa (He-
paBeHCTBO 3-a) MO)KHO nepeHTH OT CHCTeMbI HeJIH?HeHHbIX ypaiB-
HeHHFI (13-a H 13-6) K cHCTeMe yKOpotie'HbJX JIHHeI%IHbIX ypaBHe-
HHFI:
d,X Um L (dU Um cp) l 'm (Um 4)
(16-a)
dt dUm ]Umo 0Um + 1 I d f um()
(ca L T.
dy., _ dip (Um'P)
[
dt
d Um Umo
QUm rdy (Um `P)1
L d~ JUmo
TO
(16-6)
PeiueHHe MO)KeT 6bITb euje ynponieHO pa36HeHHeM 3aAa'IH Ha
jiae LIaCTH.
IlepBasi 3ajjama .a ii cJIytlaH, Korjja KOJIe6aHmi (pa3bI npoHCXO-
JISIT HacTOJIbKo 6bI'CT'po, LITO a'MHJIMTyaa KOJie6aHHFI HanpHxc'eHHH
Ha KOHTy'pe He ycneBaeT 1f3MeHHTbC'5I. fIpH 3TOM CTaiWoHapHa5i
aMHJIHTyaa o,Hpe,ijeJIHeTCH H3 BblpaX eHH'H (13-a) ,npl nOCTOSIHHOM
3Hatle'H'H'H cpa3bl
(17)
AU, U. = a.T COS co"
rjje To - CpejjHee 3HatieHHe (pa3bl.
YtIHTbI,BaH BbIpa3KeHH5I (15, 16-6 H 17), noJIytlaeM yKopotleH-
HOe JIHHeI HOC )jH( (JepeHuHaJIbHoe ypaBHeHHe a;lsl nepeMeHHOFI CO-
CTa'BJI IIoLueFI 4 a3bl:
ddt = - ay.. + EO 2 COS 9' t. (18)
BTopai 3aaatla )IJISI cclytIax, Korjja KoJIe6aH'HSI (jTa3bl n'p0HCXO-
I $IT HaCTOJIbKO MeI Jle'HHO, tITO aMnJIHTyjja KOJIe6aHHcI Hanp'Hx{eHHH
Ha KOHTy'pe ycnelBaeT yCTaHaBJIHBaTbCSI COOTBeTCT,ByK)IIjeFI MTI-IO-
BeHHOMy 3Hage,HHIO (pa3bl.
fIpH 3TOM MFHOBeHHoe 3HaLIeH'He aMHJIHTy)jbI onpejjeJiSieTc Ha
oCHOBaHHH Bblpa}KeHHSI (13-a) H pa'BHo
we
Um = aT COS?. (17-a)
YLIHTbIBaH Bblpa}KeHHH (15, 16-6 H 17-a), noJlytlaeM yKOpOtIeH-
Hoe JIH'HeI Hoe aI1 4 epeHuHaJlbHOe ypaBHeTIHe aJ'IH nepeMeHHOII3 CO-
CTaBJauoujefi ipa3bl:
dy_
a- ~N n QCos2t. (18-a)
at Cosa To Eo
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
I4cTHHHOe peIIIeHHe 3aAa'IH JIe)KHT MexcAy aBYMH Irpe.AeJIbHbIMH
peLUeH'HSIMH. I-IpH 6oJIbnlH.x paccPpoIiKax laCTOTbI noMexH OTHOCH-
TeJIbHO IIacToTbi CHruaJla (Q BeJIHKO) HCTHHHOe peuleHme ,npH6JIH-
)KaeTCB K pelueHHio nepBOl=I 3a,aau (18), npH MaJiblx paccTpoH-
KaX (9 MaJio) - .K pelneHHIo BTOPOI3 3a, a'T4H (18-a).
143 cpaBHeHHSI BbIpa)K@HHH (18 H 18-a) BHAHO, TO 0HH OTJI'H-
gaIOTCH TOJIbKO BeJIHgIHH'OI3 rI CT05lHHOrO 3()c4 L.HeHTa. CJIeaoBa-
TeJJIbHO, ,ijocTaTOtIHO HacTH peweliHe a.Tm nepBO13 3a.atIH H fOTOM,
H3MeHHB 3HaileHHe Ko3cxq)HUHeHTa a, fOJIy'IHTb penleHHe 'BTopo1
3a.1 aHH.
PeineHHe ypa'BHeHHH (18) aJISi YCTaHOBHBmerocB pe}K'HMa HMe-
eTT BHA:
En
-9
[acos2t+12 sin2t]. (19)
+ a2
Hai eM nepeMeHHyiO COCTaBJIHIO11ky1O c1a3bl BblXOAHOrO
HanpHxceHHH T ".6JX?
flepeMeHHaH cocTaBJI o a5i cpa3bl HMIIyJlbCOB TOKa
paBHa rzepeMeHHOrl cocTaBJIH1oIueIt 4)a3b1 Bblxo.l(HOro HanpH-
)KeHHSI `Pr,.EiX fJIIOC HaA,1(eHHaH nepeMeHHaH COCTaBJIHIoULtH
yrna cp_:
(PI- = `p.-.UX + T_? (20)
FlepeMeHHaST cOCTaBJIHIOIua5i I)a3bl H'MnyJIbCOB Toxa corJlac-
HO Bblpa)KeHHIO (5-a) pasxa:
IN- = En sin Q t. (5-6)
.o
I-loA'CTaBHIB B BbI'pa)KeHHe (20) 3HatleHHH yTJIOB H3 )OPMyJIb1
(5-6) H (19), noJIy' HM Bbrpa)KeHHe ,i[JIH nepeMeH -IOI3 CoCTaBJIHlo-
IIleH c4a3bl BbIXOaHOIO Hanp5xceHHH
~r eMX en sin Q I t - Eo [a cos 2 t -f- 9 sin 2 t]. (21)
E0 a2 + Q2
OTKyAa onpeAeJIHeM aMnJIIHTYAY Kojierow HI{ 4)a3bI BbIXOAHOrO Ha-
npHaceHHS1 rip;H 6bICTpbIX H3MeHeHHHX cba3bI
' - En 1
(22)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
3aMeHHB KOa**mijHeHT a Ha a , HaflAeM aMnJIHTyAy
COS2 CFO
KOJIe6aHHH ( a3bl BbIXOAHOrO HaupH?KeHHa npH McAJIeHHbIX
H3MeHeHHHX Oa3bl:
1'1 En 1
(22-a)
sux KaKC E0 1 + I (wn - 400) COS2P0 j2
a
BocnOJlb3oBaamllCb tpopMy.'IaMII (6), (22) H (22-a), noJiytiHM
Bbrpa)KeHHH AJIH KOi3(J(rHuiieHTa yMeHbIueHHSI aMHJIHTyJ(bI KOJIe6a-
1111H (jJa3bI Ha BbIXOJje HO c'paBHeHHIO c aMHJIHTyIj0IR Ha BXOAe.
,2JIp cJiy ai 6bICTPOr0 H3MeHeHHSi C)a3bI
r ycux MaKC
a = (23)
100)
'~8X MaKC 1 + { 2 (w -
?o
uJIH c.ny'Iaw McAJIenHOI-O H3MeHeHHH 43a3bI
err ''ff''+,~x AtaKC
Y'9x MaKc
2 lea-(r0) cos' To 2
(24)
CpaBIIHBaA Bblpa}KeHHe (6) AJix JIHHefiHOro yCHJIHTejiSi c BbI-
paxceHlfeM (23) JAR HeJIHHeIIHwo yCHJIHTeJIH, y6e)KJjaeMCH; TO C
TO1-IKH 3peHH 1 aMHJIHTyAbI KOJIe6aHHH (ja3bl Ha BbIXO [e 3TH yCH-
JIHTeJIH 3KBHBaJIeHTHbI.
reHepaTop c caMoB036y>K;teHHeM, 3aXBa4eHHhI1 4aCTOT04i
CHrHaJla a)o
fOJIb3y5ICb (jJa3OBOII HJIOCKOCTbIO, HOJIy~iaeM ,jH(OepeHH,HaJIb-
Hble ypaBHeHIIA yCTaHOBJIeHHH aMHJIHTyIjbl H (Ja3bl, aHaJIOFHHHbie
ypaBHelIHliM IJIH HeJIHHCIIlIOro yCHJIHTeJISI. PacCMaTpHBaHI OTJjeJIb-
HO ,]Be 3ajain, HOJIyHaeM jBa .HHCb(pepCHUHaJIbHbFX ypaBHeHHSr.
1. ,EJ n 6b1CTp)b1X H3MeHeHHL'I L~a3bI, Iwria aMrIJIHTyJjy KoJie6a-
111111 MO}K11O Ct1HTaTb HOCTOHH:HOII:
dy _ (.` " - P) - a sin p. (25-a)
dt COS Yo
2. -q.nA Me,j.'TCHHhIX H3MCHe![II!I Oa3bl, Kor,ja a'MHJIHTyJja ycne-
BaCI ycTaIJaB.THBaTbcR:
dyl
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
3apaxee npeanOJlaraeM, TITO ()au BbIx0 HOr0 Hanp%>KeHHA
H3MeHHeTCH no rapMOHHTTeCKOMy 3aKOHy C T4acTorroH:
12 = (on - COO)
Asin2t+Bcos9t. (26)
HanpH>KeHMe, 1(e fCTByIOII;ee B IjenH ceTKH, cKJiaj[bIBaeTCH
H3 TpeX HanplxceHHF : 1) Hanpfi>KeHHe, HaBe.neHHoe 3a C'IeT
o6paTHOIl CB513H (? o, Um); 2) HanpB)KeHHe 3axBaTbIBaIoi ero
cxrxaJla (oo, so); 3) Hanpx>KenMe noMexH (CO,,, En).
Ha pHc. 4 H3o6pa)Kexa BeKTOpHaH RHarpaMMa Hanp5me-
HH1r, AeliCTByIOMHX B ijenH ceTKH. 143 BeKTOpHOI3 1jHarpaMMbl
v_
PHc. 4. BeCTOpHaR AHarpaMMa Hanpsl KeHHL, AeiCTByIOIIjHX Ha CeT-
Ky 3axBageHHoro reHeparopa.
Haxol[HM coOTHOIIIeHHe Me)K1(y nepeMeHHol3 coCTaBJIRIou e}l
()a3bl BbIXO.ZLHOTO HSnpHx(eHHH H nepeMeHHO1=i 000TaB-
JIHnoujelt (ca3bI HMnyJIbCOB TOKa q_,. YMHTbiBag, LITO yrjibI
'(- ewx H MaJibi, MO)KHO 3anHcaTb:
tg um
(27-a)
t y (27-6)
INx= g ~esx - - Um + so Cos ff0
fOCJIe npOCTeI IIIHx npeo6pa3OBaHH i H3 Bblpa xeHHI"I (27-a)
H (27-6) noJlyliaeM:
7 gbix
+..?emx
-!d E0 COS Cp
1 + Um
(27)
4* 51
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Torga nepeMeHHaH coCTaBJIHIoujaf cpa3bl HMnyJIbCOB
6yJeT:
En
UM
sin2t+A'sin2t+ B'cosLI t, (28)
C1 + U cos TO
m
R
(1+ . so -Cos
\\ m
OTCK)JJa yrJloBaH 9aCTOTa HMHyJIbCOB
(28-a)
(28-6)
= dt`=wo-} n SZcosS2t+A'I cos Sgt-B'SZsinQt. (29)
0
17O,jCTaBnB Ha1,jeHHOC 3HaLICHHe LIaCTOTbI I4MH .iIbCOBB aHO11Iaro
TOKa B jH44epeHuHazbxble ypaBHeH,HH (25-a) H (25-6) H nopexo-
,19 K yKOpOLIeHHbLM , mq epeHgHa-IbHbIM ypaBHeHHHM, noJly'laeM:
AJIH 6blcTpbIX H3MeHeHHx cba3bl:
d~_ = Edt - a~- + (_j + A~) I cos d2 t - B' S2 sin S2 t; (30-a)
m
JLJIH MeaaeHHbIX H3MeHeHH(N cpa3bl:
di cos2 To + t um ~- A'/ I SZ Cos SZ t -
- B'S2sin11t. (30-6)
1-1pnMeHHH TOT )Ke MCTOj, LITO H aJIH HeJIHHeIiHOro yCHJPHTeJIH,
HaXO,jHM aMnJlnTyjy nepeMeHHOH COC,TaBJIHIOMeII (~a3bI BbIXOJLHO-
ro Hanp DfccHHH. IJoJIygaeM CJIO KHOe Bb}pa3KeHHe:
7.1[aKcsb[X = En
VE0 2 - 2so~2+3eo 42-2E4+3e0~4+2E6+2EQ`6
~EO S2+s + 212+~2
Cos
0 - 0,
= Q
UM
2(- -O1o)
(31-6)
(31-B)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
9TO BbI'pa KeHHe MO?KeT 6bITb 3HatIHTeJIbHO ynpouieHo 1IJIH o6JIa-
CTH MaJIbIX pacCTpoeK.
Z[JIR o6JIaCTH paCCT'poeK 0< 2 ,
TO pa3HOCTb q)a3 Me)IU HHMH 6yAeT
4wOt-f..8 (t)-w (t - OT) - 92(t-O0
= w0 Ac + [e1 (t) - 9Z (t - O'01.
fl'pe:KAe lieM nOAaTb CHPHaJIbI Ha (~a30H3MePUTeJlbHoe yCTpOII-
CTBO, HX o6bIqHO yC'HJIHBaIOT C HOMOWb!O pe30HaHCHbIX yCHJIHTC-
JIe13. YCHJIHTeJIH HMe}OT pa3'6poc napa'MeTpoB, %ITO np'HBOAHT K
nOPpeUPHOCTH H'3Me'peHH5i pa3HOCTH,q)a3. K'poMe Toro, HMeeT MecTO
nonpeulHoCTb caMono H3MepHTeJIbHOPO yCTpOHCTBa. BCe 3T0 B CyM-
Me CO3Aa,eT o6u yK) nonpeuhHOCTb H3MepeHHS1.
B HaCTOHII(eH CTaTbe a HaJIH3H'pyeTCSI TOJIbKO Ta qaCTb nOPpeul-
HOCTH, KoTopal noJIpIaeresi H3-13a HeHAeHTHKHOCTH npeABapHTeJIb-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
HbIX ycHJI';HTeJIel3, noiarai, TITO (b a3GH3MepHTenIbxoe yCTpOI CTBO
HJjeaJlb'HOe H HOrpelIH0'CTi3 He BHOCHT.
HMnyJIbCbI HoCTyHaIOT oT oJ1'1101ro HCTOzIHHKa, TOJIbKO 0,1HH H3
HHX 3aJ1ep}KaH BO BpeoeHH.
H'MnyJIbC'HO-Mo yJIHpO,BallHOe KOJIe6aHHe MO}KeT 6bITb npe;T-
CTBBJIeHO Ha OHpejeJleHHOM OTpe3Ke BpeMeHH (JI,JIH Hp IMOyrOJIb-
HOH 0rH6alouJ.eM) KaK CHH_yCO,H,IjaJIb,HOe KOJIe6aHHe. O'geai ajiO, TITO
,i[JISI H3MepeHHSI pa3HOCTH (pa3 TaKHX KOJIe!6aH'HH MoryT 6bITb np.H-
McHHMbI Te ?KC MCTO);bl I13MepeHHH, tITO II jJIFI CHHyCOHJ1aJIbHbIX
KOJie6aHHII.
B -,IIITepaType no,lpo6HO oCBeIuenbI [1, 2] pa37IhIHbie McTOJ bI
I13MepeHHB pa3HOCTIi (jJa3 CHHycoIij aJIbHbIX KOJIe6a':HIIII. AHa.IIH3
Nsmynecc.
2eNepaiop
Ycunumers
1 i
KaNQlKX
BpEnnaR aadep)xKa
Ycunumenb
ii
Kalana
3THX McTOJ10B C TO'TIKH 3PCHHFI npHr0, HOCTH HX ,1JI5I H3MCpeliHA
pa3IIOCTH 4 a3 HMnyJIbCHO-MOJ1yJIH~pOBaHHbIX KoJIe6aHH1I HOiKa3bl-
BaeT, 'ITO HaH6oJiee H01XOiHIIj'M gBJI'.eT'CH (Ja3o113bIM jeTeKT'O'p.
F).IO'K-CXeMa VCTpONCTBa, K0TOpoe fOJ11Bepl-aeTCH aHa. nay, H30-
6paxceHa Ha p11C. 1.
CxeMa n3iMepHTeJIbxoro yCTpOIICTBa npep;CTaIBJIHeT c060I0
JiII(b(JepeHUHaJIbHbIII (ka30BbII4 aeTeKTOp Ha neHTo ax ('pac. 2).
Ha Ka}K,Aoe n7TCOO cXeMbl noAaeTCH B (j)a3e HMnyJIbCHO-MuJ1yJIn-
pOBaHiiOe Hanpi?KeHHe
F2(t-aT)=(D2(t-or)COS [wo(t-eT)+T2(t-02)?e)J, (1)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Km.
r1'peneJlb'HbIH K0B'44 HuHeHT nepeaatlH AJi i pe30,HaxcHOrO ycH-
JIHTeJISI MO)KeT 6bITb 3anHca!H B CJieayIOLueM BHJ.Ie [6, 7]:
K (a)) = KO a a' (w-wp)y-1 (w-wp) to' (18)
rue: Ko - ydHJIeHHe Ha gaCTOTe op;
wp - pe3OHaHCHaH 9aCTOTa yCHAHTeJIH;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
2Aw - HOJloca ycHJIHTeJIH npH AaHI O HepaBiIOMep-
HOCTH S,;
a2 =
In S.
Xw2
Y21n Se
to BpeMH rpyIlnosoro 3ana3AbIBaH119.
LITO16bl He IIOJIy4HJIOCb cJIO}KHoro Bblpa}KeHmH, y, O6Hee ~B3HTb
KOJIOKOJIoo6pa3HbIII HMnyJlbc.
BHaigajie pac(MOTpHM BbIcoKogacTOTHbIH HMnyJIbc, HMelodl(Hli
KOJIO'K0JIo05pa3Hy1o OrH6aIOlllylo, 'npH OTCYTCTBHH napa3HTiHOIt
4a'CTOTHoJ MO,lyJIHUHH BHYTPH HMrIyJIbca:
t
i (t) = U. e cos (oot --}- ?o). (19)
CneKTp TaKor'o HMHyJIbCa MO KeT 6bITb 3anHCaH B c 1IeAylo-
IgeM BHAe [8]:
Gf 1~~~
Um'Ce e , (20)
rAe: AJIHTeJIbHOCTb HMnyJIbCa;
wo - HecyuiaH 4aCTOTa HMHyJlbca.
B HaweM CJIy4ae J ByXKa-Ha:IbHOJi CHCTeMbI Pe30HaHCHble 4ac-
TOTbI yCHJIHTeJIef MOryT OTJIH4aTbCH Ha HeKOTOPylo BeJIHLIHHy,
onpeaeJIHeMylo TOLIHOCTbIO HaCTpOIIKH yCHJIHTeJIeH If CTa6HJlb-
HOCTbIO HX napaMeTpoB. O603HaLIHM paccTpOIIKy Me>Kay pe30-
HaHCHbIMH 4aCTOTaMH yCHJIHTeJIe k
wp2--cop1=S2. . (21)
Hecymafl LIaCTOTa cllrHaJla fo TaK}Ke MO)KeT 0TJIH4aTbb51 OT pe30-
HaHCHbI'X LIaCTOT KaHaJIOB. H00TOMy o603HatIHFM pacCTpOAKy Mc3K-
,iy HecyHzefi 4acTOTOII clrHaJIa H pe30HaHCHOR LIaCTOTO'II Hep,BOTo
KaHaJia
coo -wpl=Q0'
(22)
Tor ja pacCTpol3Ka Me}KJuy HecymeN 4aCTOToIi CHrHaJIa H pe30-
IIaHCIIOh 4aCTOTOII BTOparo KaHaJla 6yAeT COOTBeTCTBeHI o paBHa
cOp2 wo = Q - S2, (CM. pHC. 3). (23)
Kpore Toro, HO.IIOCbi n'ponyCKaHHH yCHJJHTeJlecI MOT OTJIH-
4aTbCH O;iHa or apyrOH I13-3a pa36poca A06pOTH1O,CTei[ K0HTypOB.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
06o3'HaYHM OTHOUJeHHe HOJIOCbl BTOpOrO yC,H.IIHTeJISI K nOJIOCe
nepBOro OCHJIHTeJIH KO(j44pHI[HeHTOM
AW
' (24)
TOrAa, ecJIH nonoca nepsoro yCHJIHTenx 6yAeT passa Owl=z(O,
TO rionoca BTOporo yCHJIHTeJIA C6)Z =Raw. B COOTBeTCTBHH
PHC. 3. OTHOCHTedbHoe pa3MemeHHe no 9aCTOTe K094 c!lllgHeH-
TOB nepeAa'IH KaHanoB H cnexrpa HMnyJlbcOB.
C 3THM KOBq)(IJHaHeHTbI a B Bblpa}KeHHHX JJJIH LIaCTOTHbIX
XapaKTepHCTHK 6y,uyT pa3nH'IHbI:
a2 = In So a2 - In S.
I Amt , 2- PA(ol ,
TaK]Ke pa3JIHgIHO 6yj eT H BpeMH rpynrnOBOro 3ana3J bIBaHHH:
2n In S. Y 2n 1n So
tol Oro ' '02 II'AU)
(25)
(26)
YLIHTbIBaH BCe BbruIeH3JIO3KeH.Hoe, K03444~HIJHeHTbI nepeja'IH
yCHJIHTeJIeI%I Hoene nOACTaiHOBKH w=w0+x xOryT 6bITb 3anmCaHbI
B OKOH-gIaTejIbHOM BHA e:
(w ate (x+2 o)? -1(X+2o)to,
K1(0 - x) = K01 e- (27)
K2 ((o + x) = K02 e-a,'(x+9 9)2-i(X+9 -9) t?' (28)
G>(WO+x) = 2 Umte x' eJp? (29)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
floc. ie no,aCTaHOBKH BbrpaxceHHH (27), (28), (29) B Bbipaxce-
HHe (15) ii (16) HOJIyHHM:
S (x) _ Um t2 K01 K02 a-a-' e -px'+qx, (30)
4
cp (x) = (t02 - t01) x - Y01 (31)
rae o6o3HageHO:
ao=a1Qo az(Q-Qo)2,
T2 l
p2 + a1 al
q=2[az(SZ-20)-ai(o],
2- 9-002 s20 t0l?
Y1IHTbIBa 1 (30) H (31), 3anHIneM BbrpaxKeHHe (17):
r -px2+qx
1 e sin (~x-4i0) dx
tg Vn = -
- px2+ qx
e cos (fix - ~0) dx
(32)
(33)
A _ At + t02 - tp1? (34)
HHTe,rpa,FIbI, CTOAHjie B tIHCJIHTeJie H 3HaMCHaTeJie Bblpa}Ke-
11HSI (33), JierKo 6epyTC59 McTOJ1OM KOHTyp'HOrO HHTerpHpOBaHHB
11 HMeIOT c.ne. ylou Ile 3'HatieHHH:
e - p.rR + gxSin(Xx-40)dx=e ap stn~9 -~o
P 2p
Secos(Xx_)dx=e4'/cos1-___)~~ ,
TaKHM o6pa3oM,
?,q
tg ~'n = tg C
o
To ec?rb:
78
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
a BbIXOJI,HOI 3(p4eKT Ha BbIxoAe (pa30Boro aeTeICTOpa (11)
qa-A2
ao-
g 2R a U.2 T2 e 4p V P Cos (+-- p - to). (35)
K
ca3a cHrHaJIa (35) 3anHuleTCSI B BHAe:
cp=(OUAr+ 2p -~o
HJIH, ygHTbiBaR (32) H (34), rlo.nytiHM:
_ (poOT + AT QZ (S~- SZO)-Qj S20
T
ti
+ (tot - to,)
2 2
2 +Q1+Q2
Q2(Q-Sao)-a Q0
2Qi+Q2
t02?
(36)
f10ACTa'BHB B Bbrpa3KeHHe (36) 33HageHHH BXOASIUWX B Heiro
napameTpoB cOrjiaCHO (21), (22), (23), (24), (25) n (26), no-
JIy,qHM CJrejylomee Bblpa}KeH&Ie AJIH ()a3bI:
0),P2
wOyI2 + o -F' -pip (')PI 1-
_ ~T 1 + V 2n + 1 +
Aw,
1-~
+ V2n wp, n,,, I - 1 1 -f-
(1 - (3) T,2
.+ V 2n 0)'
nn, 1
(37)
Ow
w3 V1nS
0
'C2Aw2
2 =
21nSo (38)
JjJISI H'pOCTO'TbI pacCy3KAeHHI IIOJIO>KHM, '-ITO 06a KaHajla H'Me-
JOT OAHHaKOByIO nOJIOCy nponyCKa'HHA, To eCTb [=1, a pacCTpOH-
Ka Me K.y KaHaJIaMn MHOPO MOHbI1Ie 3KBHBaJIei THOcI fOJIOCbI, TO
eCTb:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
(API - (AP A(0"
TOI'sa B61pa}K HHe (37) CHJIbHO ynponjaeTCH
AT 0)o'1' + WP2 + Wp1 (39)
Sat - -I'+2
H3 3T01'O BbIpa?KeIIIIH CJIeJjyeT, 1ITO eCJIH HOJIO}KHTb
'~2 >> 2,
TO eCTb npH J1aHHOf1 p,JIHTeJIbHOCTH HMHyJIbCa KaHaJIbl HMeIOT
HlHpoxy1O nonocy nponycK HHH (2sf>> !) , TO H3MepHe-
May pa3HOCTb (~a3 6yAeT paBHa
?"~=I ? co. u0T(40)
C.ne1);oBaTeJTbHO, 143:Mep5ieMa5 pa311OCTb (~a3 B OCIIOB'HOM 6y-
ACT OnpeLe.]BTbCH HeCymei 1-ia,CTOTO'H CHFIia1a if BpOMeHHbIM
C1j'BHrOM McKly HMny7IbCaMH.
ECJIn %C HOJIOMHTb, 4TO
TI ? 0,5 4HCJIo HOABBJIeHHbIX HMHYJIbCOB Ha4HHaeT B03-
paCTaTb elue 6OJIee pe3KO, npH4eM HOAaBJIeHHe HMeeT McCTO N
npH L/0=0, TO eCTb H npH HYJIeBOM ypOBHe orpaHH4eHHH. 9TO o6-
CTOHTeJIbCTBO o6'bHCHHeTCH TeM, 4TO HOA BJIHHHHeM HenpepbIBHOI'O
KOJIe6aHHH 4aCTb HMHYJIbCHbIX CHrHaJIOB Ha Harpy3Ke AeTeKTOpa
H3MeHHCT HOJIHpHOCTb Ha o6paTHyIO H, TaKHM O6pa3OM, He Mo}KeT
npeoAOJIeTb nopora orpaHH4eHHH. rpaHHueH o61laCTeA nOJIO}KH-
TeJIbHbIX H OTpHuaTeJlbHbIX BHAeOHMnyJIbCOB Ha 'BbIXOAe AeTeKTO-
pa HBJIHK)TCH 3Ha4eHHH r, Onpe,eJIHeMble H3 ypaBHeHHH (5)
npH q=0. DTa 06JIaCTb 3Ha'eHHI3 paBHa:
COS 11,2
= - 2
(7)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
YpaBHeHHe (5) n03BOJIsieT Ta1o a Ha?HTH Te o6JIaCTH 3Halqe-
HHIs r, AJIH KOTOpbIX MOAYJIb npHpaL eHHSI CHrHaJIa Ha BbjxoAe
AeTeKTOpa npeBbiiuaeT 3aAaHHoe 3HatieHHe q.
)1JIH o6J1aCTH nOJIO)KHTeJIbHbIX npHpalueHHH (q>0)
COS 71,2 = q2+ 2q; - 1 (8)
2E
AJiH o6JIaCTH oTplluaTe:IbHblx npHpaueHHt (q (15)
AJIH o6JIacTH OTpHI[aTeJlbiibIX HpHpa1IjeHHN (q < 0)
COS T3,4 = - 9j-11 (16)
JIH 3a aaHHbIX 3HageHHII q 0TH o6J1aCT14 JIerKO OHpeAeaixroTCSI
IM ceMeIICTBa KpHBbIX, H306pa}KeHHbIX Ha pHC. 2.
CpaBHeHHe ABYX cjiyLiaeB ReTeKTHpOBaHI.1 T paJJHOF1MHYJIbCOB
13 TIpHCyTCTBHH HeHpepbIBHOI'O KOJIe6aHHSI H0Ka3bIBaeT, qTO B HO-
cJIeJjIICM CJlyilae, TO eCTb HpH AeTeKTHPOBaHHH cJIa6bIX CHI'HaJIOB,
OTHOCHTCJIbHbIC ITplipa[IjeHHSI HaHpH)KeHHH Ha Har'py3Ke ,rjeTeKTO-
pa (KaK HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIC, TaK H OTpHuaTeJIbHble) HpH oripeAe-
JIeHHbIX 3Ha9emmx ~ H "( MOI'yT cyllueCTBCHHO HpeBbIIIIaTb eAHHH-
Ijy. 3TO O6CTO5ITeJIbCTBO 06'b}CHHCTCSI TeM, 'ITO KOBCpXIHUHeHT
IlepeJjaqli IjeTeKTOpa C KBaJjpaTHLIHOH XapaKTCpHCTHKOIr yBeJrHmH-
BaeTCSI C yBeJIHt1eHHeM aMHJIHTVAbi CyMMapHOI'O HaHpf}KeHHSI Ha
Bxo,ue ieTeKTOpa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
v=1
F=
E-04 279? 99?
PHC. 2. 3aBHCHuOCTb -OTHOCHTeJbHOro npHpautenwA q OT Ha4aAb-
HO# pa3HOCTH;4Ja3 -( npH KBaApaTH4HOM AeTeKTHpOBaHHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45400220001-3
T4TaK, JjeTeKTHPOBaHHe paJLHOHMnyJIbCOB B HpHCyTCTBHH He-
npepblBHOrO KOJIe6aHHSI HpHBOJjHT K CJfyqaIIHbIM H3MeHeHHHM
aMHJIHTy,i[b1 BHJjeOHMHyJIbCOB Ha BbIXOJje JeTeKTOpa. 11pH onpe-
JjeJIeHHbIX 3HaqeHHHX ~ H ~ HOJIHPIIOCTb HeKOTOpOf3 4IaCTH HM-
rIYJIbCOB Ha BbIXOJje, HO,1I; BJIHHHHeM HenpepbIBHorO KOJIe6aHHH,
H3MeHHeTCH Ha o6paTHyfO. 14306pa)KeHHbfe Ha pHC. 1 H 2 ce-
McIICTBa KpHBbIX JjalOT JIHHIb CTaTHqeCKy1O KaPTHHY B03MO}KHbIX
npIpaLueHHf3 CHI'HaJIOB Ha HaFPy3Ke aeTeKTOpa HPH pa3JIHqHbIX
3HageHI1HX ~. Ha OCHOBaHHH allaJI113a 3THX KpHBbIX Mo}KeT 6bITb
HOJIy'IeHO JIHlnb caMoe o6iuee npejlCTaBJIeHHe o (~opMe cHrHa-
JIOB Ha BbIXOJ C AeTeKTopa. BOJfee HOJIHaH XapaKTepaCTHKa OrH-
6afOHjeil BbIXOJ[HOrO CHrHaJIa MO}KeT 6bITb nodIygeHa, eCJIH Ha1TH
HJIOTHOCTb BepoHTHOCTeii pacnpe, erIeHHH aMrIJIHTyJj BHJjeoHM-
nyJIbCOB.
IIJIOTHOCTb BepOATHOCTeN pacnpe1 eJleHHsl aMnJIHTy1
BHJLe0HMnyJIbC0B Ha BblXOAe .I eTeKTopa
HIlTerpaJlbHaH (JyHKHHH paCHpeJjeJIeHHH HayaJIbHOA pa3HOC-
TH ()a3 BbICOKO~IaCTOTHbIX KoJfe6aHHA CHrHajia H HenpepbIBHoro
rapMOHH9eCKOrO KOJIe6aHHH paBHa:
F(y) ~ he (17)
rJje -c- HagaJIbHaH pa3HOCTb (pa3 CHrHaJIa H HeHpepblBHOFO
KOJIe6aHHH Ha BXOJje 1 eTeKTOpa.
KaK 6bIJIO HOKa3aHO BbILHe, 3Ta Be.IHgHHa MO)KeT HpHHH-
MaTb JIfO6ble 3HaqeHHH B npeJjeJfaX C--27(. r1JIOTHOCTb BepOHT-
HOCTel3 BeJIHTIHHbI '( 6yJjeT:
~P(y)=F'(T)= 2n
(18)
170CKOJIbKy 3aKOH pacnpeJjeJIeHHH CJIygaliHOif BeJIHgHHbI I
H3BeCTeH, TO 3aKOH pacnpeJjeJIeHHH CJIygacIHOiI BeJIH4HHbI q, 3a-
BHCHnjeli OT Y, MO}KeT 6bITb HalfLLeH no H3BeCTHOMY 000THOLHe-
HIHIO, CHpaBCAJIHBOMy JjJIH Hpeo6pa3OBaHHH HepeMeHHbIX (CM.
JIHTepaTypy)?
IIpHMeHHH 3TO cOOTHOIUeHHe, noJIy'-IHM caeJjyfoLLjee Bblpa}Ke-
HHe JjJIH 3aKOHa pacnpeJLeJIeHHH HJIOTHOCTH BepOHTHOCTH BeJIH-
4HHbI q:
c?(q)?[(D tq)] 1`1"'q)I, (19)
rJe I = (q) - c)yHKUHH, o6paTHaH (pyxlcuHH q = f (T), a
(D' (q) - npoH3BOJIfasi OT (D(q).
(DopMyJIa (19) HO3BOJIHeT HafTH HCKOMble pacnpeJLejieI-IHH
KaK Aim JIHHeJ' HOro, Tax H ) JIH KBaJjpaTHYHOro )LeTeKTHpoBaHHH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
fia#AeM 3aiOH pacffpe1XeJIeHHSI nJIoTHOCTeI3 BepocITHOCTeI3 oT-
HOCHTeJIbHbIX aM1JIHTYA AJIH CJiytiaH JIHHeHHoro ,II;eTeKTHpOBaHHH.
14HTerpaJlbHaH (4yHKIjHS1 pacnpeAeJleHHH HwiaJIbHOH pa3HOC-
TH ()a3 onpeAe.1$IeTCSI Bblpa}KeHHeM (17), (pYHKUHH q=f (r)-BbI-
pa3KeHHeM (5). O6paTHaI (pyHKI[HH OT BblpaN{eHHH (5) paBHa:
(g+ E)'-1-E2
1 = arccos 2E
17pOH3BOAHaR OT o6paTH0f1 4)yHKI(HH 6yAeT:
2E (q + E)
(g)~= y/4E'-((q+E)'-1_1212
Bblpa}KeHHe Aim pacnpeAeJIeHHH nJIOTHOCTH BepoHTHOCTeH OTHO-
CHTeJIbHbIX aMrIJIHTYA Mo}KeT 6bITb nojlygeHO, eCJIH HafAeHHble
BbIIIIe (popMyJlbl nO,aCTaBHTb B COOTHOHIeHHe (19). IlocJie He-
CJIO}KHbIX npeo6pa3OBaHHH OKOH'-IaTeJIbHa1 (oplvtyJia aim pacnpe-
AeJIeHHH rIJIOTHOCTH BepOHTHOCTeH OTHOCHTeJIbHbIx aMnJIHTYA MO-
]KeT 6bITb npeACTaBJIeHa B CJIeAYI0LI,eM BHAe:
(q + E) (20)
rAe q - OTHOCHTeJIbHoe npHpalueHHe aMrIJIHTyAbI HJIH, yqHTb1-
BaH BblpaN{eHHe (6), OTHOCHTejIbHbIH ypOBeHb orpaHH-IeHHH npH
HCHOJIb3oBaHHH noporOBOro npHeMa.
CeMeiCTBO KpHBbIX, paCCEIHTaHHOe no (bopMyyle (20), H306pa-
N{eHO Ha pi.tC. 3. 3Aecb B KatiecTBe napaMeTpa HCnOJlb3yeTC5i oT-
HOIIIeHHe aMrIJIHTYA paAHOHMnyJIbCOB K aMnJiwTyAe HenpepblBHO-
ro rapMOHHtieCKOrO KOJIe6aHHH, AeiCTByIOHI,HX Ha BXOAe AeTeK-
TOpa. ACHMIITOTHgeCKHe 3HaqeHHH KpHBbIX HOJIygaIOTCH H3 (pOp-
MyJIbI (20) npH YCJIOBHH (p (q) -* cXD H onpef eJIHIOTCH cJIeAy10u1,HM
COOTHOIIIeHHeM:
gI,2,3,4 = - E ? (E ? 1). (21)
,L1JIH KpHBbIX, H306paN{eHHbIX Ha PHC. 3, acHMHTOTHIIeCKHe 3Ha-
geHHH CBeAeHbI B Ta6JLHuy 1.
I 0,6 I 0,2 10 I-0,2 I-0,6 (-1 I -1 I -1 1 -1
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
-1 -0.8 -06 -0.4 -02 0 02 6 0,6 O9B J +q
PHc. 3. I7noTHOCTb BepoaTHOCTe# pacnpeneneHni awn3HTyA
^HAeOHMnydbCOB Ha Bb1EOAe AmHeihioro AeTe1CTOpa.
Q7
~-Q5
9=0,4
948
s=0,6
05
04
Q3
41
of
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
1-ia OCHOBaHHH aHaJIH3a nojiygeHHbIX KpHBbIX MO)KHO C,II,e.IaTb
CJIe.yioti He BbIBOAbI:
1. fIpH JIHHefIHOM aeTeKTHpoBaHHH pacnpe,eJleHHe OTHOCH-
TeJIbHbIX aMHJIHTYA npH6JIH)KaeTCH K CHMMeTpHTIHOMy TOJIbKO
npH ~- -oo. IIpaKTHTTeCKH npH E>2 9T0 pacnpe)eJleHHe yxce JIo-
CTaTOTIHO CHMMeTpHTIHO.
2. IIpH C=1 BepOHTHOCTb aMnJiHTyA, paBHbIX -1, CTpeMHT-
CH K HyJIIO. O6'bHCHHeTCH TeM, TITO npH 1 HaH6oJlee BepolTHble OTHOCHTeJIbHble aMnJIH-
TyAbI cocpe a0TOqeHbl B 30HaX ql = - 0,6 -= - 1 H q2 = 0,6 -:- 1.
4. Aim BceX 3HageHHH E HMeIOTCH o6JIaCTH q C HaHMeHb-
IHHMH BepOHTHbIMH aMnJIHTyAaMH. AJIH ~ > 1 9TH o6JIaCTH
cocpe,ROT09eHbI B6JIH3H 3HageHHH q = 0. AJIH E > 1 9TH
o6JIaCTH nepeMenIaIOTCH BnpaBO, npHTIeM a6co.lnoTHble 3HaTIe-
HHH pacnpeueneHHH rIJIOTHOCTH BepOATHOCTel npH 9TOM
yBeJIHLIHBaIOTC9.
ECJIH BOCnOJIb3OBaTbc5T (JOpMyJIOI3 (19), TO BblpaxceHHe AJIH
pacnpe) eJIeHHH IIJIOTHOCTeI4 npH KBa,TIpaTHTIHOM geTeKTHpOBaHHH
MO)KHO nOJIy'IHTb TeM 3Ke CHOCO6OM, TITO H (pOPMyJIy (20) AJIH
JIHHei3Horo AeTeKTHpOBaHHH. B pe3yJIbTaTe HeCJIO)KHbIX npeo6pa-
3oBaHHII HoJIyTIaeTCH CJieAyIOLIIaH (popMyJIa, OnpeAejiuiOLIZau 3a-
KOH pacnpeAeJIeHHH nJIOTHOCTH Bepo5THOCTeH npH KBa,LIpaTHTIHOM
geTeKTHpoBaHHH:
(22)
y (9)= 1 2aVr4&2-(q-1)T
CeMeHCTBO KpHBbIX, paCCTIHTaHHbIX no (bopMyJte (22), H3o6paxce-
HO Ha pHC. 4. ACHMnTOTHTIeCKHe 3Ha,4eHHH KpHBbIX Onpe).I,eJIHIOT-
CH COOTHOIneHHeM
gl,2,3,4= ? 2E ? 1 ' (23)
H CBeJ1,eHbI B Ta6JIHuy 2.
0,2
103
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha OC1OBaHHF axaJIH3a KpHBbIX pacnpeAe.ieHHSI Mo3KHo c e-
JIaTb CJIe,yloLw1e BbIBOAbI:
1. flpH KBaApaTHLIHOM aeTeKTHpOBaHHH BCe KpHBble pacn'pe-
AeJIeHHH CHMMeTpH'HbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO q=1.
2. LleM 6OJIbnJe 3Ha4eHH51 ~, TeM 60J(ee paBHOMepHbIM OKa3bI-
BaeTCH pacnpeAeJleHHe aMHJIHTyR Ha BbIXOAe AeTeKTOpa.
IPM
1,
5
1,
4
1,
4
7
u
r
0,
0,
e?44
0
.- 6
e=20
1 s=1
PHC. 4. II.IOTHOCTb BepOATHOCTefi paCnpeaeJeHHs aMHJIHTy)( BHAeOHMrlyJib-
COB Ha Bb1XOAe xBaApaTH4HOro AeTexTopa.
-q 4 3 7 , 0 1 2 3 4 .9
3. MHHHMaJIbH0e 3HaYeHHe (JYHKIUHH pacnpeAeJIeHHSi aMnJIH-
TyA AJI$I BCeX KpHBbIX COBna.zaeT npH q=1. C yseilHgeHHeM
MHHHMyM pacnpeAeJIeHHH yMeHbLIaeTCH.
3a K J1 to qe HR
rIOJIyqeHbI (popMyJlbi AJISI pacnpeAeaeHHH nJIOTHOCTH BepOsIT-
HOCTeI3 OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX aMnJIHTyJ npH JIHHeI1HOM H KBaJpaTH4-
HOM AeTeKTHpoBaHHH paAHOHMnyJIbCOB B fPHCYTCTBHH Henpe-
pbIBHOro rapMOHHT4ecKOro KoJIe6aHHH. 3TH pacnpeaeJleHH5 n0-
3BOJIHIOT:
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
1. OneHIfTb Bepo.Mlble HCKafKeHxc cHrHana B cxcte?e CBSi-
3H, pa60TalomjeH Ha npHHgHne aMfJIHTyAH,O-HMnyJIbCHOH MOAy-
JIPIgxH.
2. Ou,eHHTm BepoHTHble HCKa}KeH1A CHrxaJla B cxcTeMe CBSI-
3H, pa60TaIOM I4X Ha npHHu{ne noporoBoro HpHeMa, To ecTm CH-
CTeM, HMeIOIuHx B CBOeM cocTase noporosble yCTpO!CTBa THna
orpaHHqHTeJISI no MHHHMYMY HJIH 3anepTOrO MyJIbTHBH6paTOpa.
JIHTEPATYPA
B. H. B y H H M o B H Y, (DnloKTyaunoHHble npoueccbl B paAHOnpneMHblx
yCTpoHCTBax, COBeTCKoe paAHO, 1951.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BJIHAHHE CHCTEMbI ABTOMATHLECKOf
HOACTPORKH 4ACTOTbI HA 4ACTOTHYIO
XAPAKTEPHCTHKY IIPHEMHHKA 4ACTOTHO-
MOAYJIHPOBAHHbIX CHIHAJIOB
Niv. A. 17. 6eAxUH.
BOHpoc O BJIHHHIIH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTHgecKOII HOACTpOIIKH LIa-
CTOTbI Ha iaCTOTHYTO XapaKTepHCTIIKy HpHeMJ-IHKB 4aCTOTHO-MO-
AYJIHpOBaHIibIX CHrHaJIOB paccMaTpHBajrcH H. C. FOHOpOBCKHM
[1]. OAHaKO TOT BOHpoc paCCMOTpeH M. C. FOHOpOI3CKHM Heripa-
BHJIbHO, TaK K$K HPH paccMOTpeHHH He YtHTbIBaJICH (Ja3OBbII[
CABHr, aaBaeMbIrl (JHJIbTpOM. DTHM CABHfO'VI HpeHe6peraTb HeJIb351,
TaK KaK OH O6bIgH0 6JIH3K0 K 2 . KpOMe TOM, paCCMOTpeHHe
9T0 6bIJIO HenOJIHbIM, HOCKOJIbKy H. C. FOHOPOBCKIIh He y'IHTbI-
BaJI BJIHHHHSI (pa30BOr0 CABHra, HOJIy'IarOMerOCH 3a C'ieT 3a-
Ha3JjbIBaHHA B YCHJIHTeJIe HPOMe}KyTOgHOIf EIaCTOTb7.
B AaHHOJI pa6OTe BJIHHHHe CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTHgeCKOII HOJj-
CTpOFJKH 9aCTOTbI Ha '-IaCTOTHy10 X IpaKTepHCTHKy HpHeMHHKa
'IaCTOTHO-MOAyJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB HccJIejioBaHO C yYeTOM (pa-
30BOr0 CABHra, AaBaeMOro (JHJIbTpOM H HOJIygaIoJ~erocg 3B CgeT
3arIa3AbIBaHHSI B YCHJIHTeJIe HpOMe3KyTOgHOJI 9aCTOTbI.
,J jiff paCCMOTpeHHSI BJIHHHHH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH4eCKOJI HOA-
CTpOIiKH ~taCTOTbI Ha YaCTOTHyIO XapaKTepHCTHKy HpHeMHHKa qa-
CTOTHO-MOAYJIHPOBaHHbIX CHFHaJIOB BOCHOJIb3yeMCH KOMHJIeKCHbIM
McTOAOM. fJYCTb vaCTOTa CHrHaJIa MOAyJIHpOBaHa HH3KOII '-IaCTO-
TOIi , TOrAa Aim HpHeMHHKa 4aCTOTHO-MO
AYJJHPOBBHHbIX
cHrHaJIOB, 6JIOK-CXeMa KOTOPOFO H306paxseHa Ha pHC. 1, HpH yC-
JIOBHH, LITO B VCHJIHTeJIe HpOMe}KyT04HOII 9aCTOTbI HMeeTCA HO-
CTOHHHOe 3aHa3AbIBaHHe HO YacTOTe T, a XapaKTepHCTHKH AH-
CKPHMHHaTOpa H yHpaBJIx}on ero 3JIeMeHTa JIHHeNHbI, MO}KHO 3a-
HHCaTb cJIeAyJOHtHe COOTHOHIeHHH:
afnp ez (1//2) _ sfc (/Q) - bf, (.11), (1)
sfnp eux (/LA) =sfnp ex (l"_Q) e-12 , (2)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
bfnp.5 (./4) Sf IV &MO?)
vex (/ )=SosfnpewxUO), (3)
Uer~x (lQ) :Dj(/9) Uex gb (19), (4)
sfr(1Q) - SY U. i (I), (5)
sfnp ex (jc)- OTKJIOHeHHe npOMe)KYTO4HOH 4aCTOTbI Ha
Bxoae yCHJIHTeJI51 npoMe?KyTO4HOH LIACTOTbI
OT CBoerO HOMHHaJIbHOFO 3HageHHH;
Sfc(j&)
remepoauHu
Sy ynpar?n.
ycmporicm8o
Ycul"w. npzwe-
.cm.cvammbru
olpaHU4Um0/TD
UI -g0g)
ounarQ
D(j )
ruAwHamap Ss
USZ, jP
PHC. 1. BJIOK-cxeMa HPHeMHHKa 4aCTOTHO-MOA.ynHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB,
HMeloIUero CHCTeMy aBTOMaTH9ecKON IIOACTPOAKH 9aCTOTbI.
ofc(jS2) OTKJIOHeHHe 4acTOTbI cHrHaJIa OT cBoero
HOMHHaJIbHOrO 3Ha4eHHH;
ofr(J$Z) - OTKJIOHeHHe 4aCTOTbI reTepOAHHa OT CBOerO
HOMHHaJIbHOrO 3HageHHA;
$ fRp OTKJIOHeHHe HpoMe?KyT04HOH 4aCTOTbi Ha
BbIXop,e yCHJIHTCJIH npOMe)KYTO4HOH 4aCTO-
TbI OT CBOerO HOMHHaJIbHOrO 3HageHHSi;
Uex g6 (jo) - HanpS)KeHHe Ha Bxoae (HJIbTpa;
U8 x ((1 Q) - Hanp%xceHHe Ha BbixoAe (4HJIbTpa;
D (/Q) - K03(~qHuHeHT nepeua4H cj 1JIbTpa;
So - KpyTH3Ha xapaKTepHCTHKH AHCKpHMHHaTOpa
Ha JIHHelHOM y4aCTKe;
SY - KpyTH3Ha XapaKTePHCTHKH peaKTHBHOI
JlaMiibl Ha JIHHer4HOM y4aCTKe.
flpOH3Be,a5I B ypaBHeHHH (5) nocJieAOBaTeJIbHYIO nOACTa-
HOBKY H3 ypaBHeHHH (4)-(2), no.ny4HM c.nenyiou[ee cooTHowe-
K = SYSo.
(6)
sfr(1n)=KD(1Q)Ofnpex(lQ)e-14i,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha 0CHOBaHHH ypaBHeHHf! (1) H (2) MoxcHO 3anHCaTb:
SfnP eblx (f f2) = e-)Ps [aft (jO) -- ofr (A]. (7)
IlojjCTaBJIHH COOTHOrueHHe (6) B ypaBHeHHe (7) H HpoH3-
BejjH oTgeBHaHble Hpeo6pa3oBaHHH, noJIygHM:
8,,f ,.x (in) - e-jszTSf, (j9) W (j52) sff, (I52)? (8)
1 + KD (jP) e- jl7
3jjecb W(jQ) - Ko9iJJ HI(HeHT nepejja9H npHeMHHKa T-IacTOTHO-
MOjjyJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB, KOTOpbII3 MOxceT 6bITb 3anHcaH
B Cn
e,z yK)HjeM BHjje:
W YQ) = SfnP eux (jQ)
sfc (js2) 1 + KD (jQ) e
e _j4
1 + KD (S2) e j [TO (2) - Qi = W (52) eIw (2),
(9)
.W(O)=_ 1
1/1 + K'D' (S~) + 2KD (52) Cos - 52T] (10)
-MOJLyJtb Ko4(4HuHeHTa nepejjaq-IH npHeMHHKa 4acTOT-
HO-MOjjyJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHBJIOB;
(~) rQr -}- arctg KD (Q) sin [4d, (SZ) - S~TI
I 1+KD(Q)cos [9'gi(Q)-SZt] (11)
- cpa3a K03cJgJHljHeHTa nepejjagH npHeMHHKa gacTOTHO-
MOjjyJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB;
D (9) - MO ay.Ib Ko3c d HljHeHTa Hepe2 aqH 4)HJIbTpa;
T, (Q) - cpa3a KO3c c1 HuHeHTa nepeJ aqH chHJlbTpa.
FIyCTb 8fc(JQ)=Afcejlt, TOrAa B COOTBeTCTBHH C cpopMy-
JION (8) 6y,z eM HMeTb:
sfnpe~x(/Q)=OfcW(jQ)ell' (12)
H
sfnp e~x (t) = Re ~sfnP ewx (jS2)] _ ~fc W t )cos [sit (sz)]? (13)
143 paccMOTpeHHS Bblpa)KeHHSI (13) BHIjHO, TO jjJISI OTCyT-
CTBHH BJIHSIHHH CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTHYeCKOII fOjjCTpOfIKH TIaCTOTb1
Ha TIaCTOTHylo XapaKTepHCTHKy npHeMHHKa TIaCTOTHO-MOjjyJIHpO-
BaHHbIX CHPHaJIOB Heo6XojjHMo, 4To6bI MOJjyJlb KO3gXJHIjHeHTa
nepejjagH npHeMHHKa qaCTOTHO-MOjjyJIHpOBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB
W(Q) 6bIJI 6JIH3OK K eAHHHIje.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
PaccMOTpHM 9acTHbII3 cjlygal3, KorAa B KaqecTBe (MbTpa
n'pHMeHeH OAH03BeHHbIH RC - (bHnbTw (pHC. 2). Anse 3T0ro
gacTHOro cnylIax BbIBeAeM yCnoBMe,
KOTOpOMY fonx(Ha yAOBJIeTBOpHHTb HO- R
CTOSIHHa3l BpeMeHH cbHJlbTpa T=RC,
M Toro qTo6bI BJIHHHHe CHCTeMbI ub..O~A=UQ.0 09)
aBTOMaTHgeCKO3 nOACTp03KH gaCTOTbI
Ha 4aCT0THyI0 XapaKTepHCTHKy npH- PHc. 2. CxeMa OAH03BeH-
eMHHKa LIacT0THo-MoI WJIHPOBaHHbIX HOro RC-4)Habrpa.
CHI'HaJIOB He npeBbIHIaJIO 3aaaHHOI3 Be-
JIHLIHHbI.
KO3("Hi HeHT nepe iaqH O.aHO3BeHH0r0 (bHJIbTpa, H3o6pa)KeH-
HOrO Ha pHC. 2, onpeAeJIHeTCH CJIeAyIOLIUIM o6pa3oM:
1 (9) Ie wo (2) (14)
D(SZ)= 1 (15)
Apo(Q)_-arctg9T, (16)
T= RC - nOCTOAHHaA BpeMeHH (bHnbTpa.
3aMeHHSI B (bopMyne (10) BbipaMeHHH D(Q) H cp0(Q) Hx
3HageHHSIMH cornacxo copMyn (15) H (16), nonyqHM:
w (SZ) _ --- 1 (10')
V/(~ 2Kcos [arctgQT+ Qc]
1 + 1 + Q3T2 + 71 + Q3 2
I'lCn0nb3ySl H3BeCTHble TpHroHOMeTpHqeCKHe C00TH0iueHH9
cos [arctg Q T-{- 9-c] = cos [arctg SaTJ cos 52t -
- sin [arctg QT] sin Sit,
cos [arctg Q T] _ 1
+ Q2 T+
sin [arctg QT] QT
= 7=179=27--l' ,
cpopMyny (10') MO?KHO npeo6pa3OBaTb K cneuyloLueMy BHAy:
W (Q) = 1 - . (10")
K2 2Kcos 4s + 2KQ TsinQ _
/1+ 1+Q2T2+ 1+Q2T'
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Peluaa 3TO ypaBHeHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO T, noJIy'IHM:
T KW2 (Q) sinQT
2[I-W'(Q)1 +
1 [KW(S2)sinQti W(Q)+K2W1(S2)-(-2KW2(S?)cosQc1
Q Y 1 _ W' (Q) J -~ ) _ W2 (Q)
(17)
BbipaxceHHe (17) npeJcraBJIHeT 133 ce6A ycJIOBHe, KoTOpoMy
4O.R}KHa yJ(OI3JIeTBOpHTb BOCTOHHHaH BpeMeHH (pHJIbTpa, 4TO6bI
HOJIy'IHTb 3aJjaHHOe 3HageHHe MOJjyJIA KO3(j(JJHUHeHTa nepeuaqu
HpHeMHHKa 'IaCTOTHO-MO,gyJIHpoBaHHbIX CHrHaJIOB W(Q).
fIpH OTCyTCTBHH 3ana3J[bIBaHHH B VCHJIHTe,IIe HpOMe}KyTogHO1i
,iaCTOTbI (T=0) 6yAeM HMeTb:
W2 Q)
T= S? 1 i--W(2(Q)( K+1KAeHHe BbIIIpHMJIeHHOrO HanpH)KeMHH TaKHM o6pa3OM
CBOAHTCH K OTbICKaHHIO KOB~(pHuHeHTOB 700, 71K H T. A., Ka}KA01
H3 KOTOpbIX npeACTaBJIHeT co6o COOTBeTCTByIOLUHH K034)(IHuH-
eHT pa3JIo)KeHHH B pHA (Dypbe Bblpa)KeHHt 70 (- a - b cost),
TI (- a - b cost) H T. A. H onpeAe i iercH I)opMyJiaMH (6). rpa-
4)HKH H IJOpMyJibi j(JIH nepBbIX TpeX KO 4X HLjHCHTOB To, 71, H 12
HpHBeAeHb1 B [2] H H3o6paxceHbI Ha pHc. 3. Bbipa iCeHHH AuH
3THX KOB(1(IHL&HeHTOB AOBOJIbHO CJIO)KHbI H TO4Hoe BbIgHCJIeHHe
HHTerpaJIOB (6) He npeACTaBJifieTCR B03MO)KHbUM. BI,ILIHCJ1eHHe
OKa3aJIOCb B03MO)KHbIM nocJie afIIpOKCHMaUHH rpa(pHKOB Y0, 11 H 12
cne,ayIon HM o6pa3OM.
Ko3(p4HLjHeHT
To = - (sin ? - ? cos e)
(10)
aHHpOKCHMHpOBaH IIyTeM pa3JIO?KeHHH B pui MaKROpeHa no CTe-
HeHHM COS
1 i COS 0 + I COS2?. (11)
70= - 2 2n
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
kaic BH,itHO H9 pHc. 3-a, ~Ta 4 OpMy1Ia xopocuo flepellaeT x011 rpa-
(NKa Ha y9acTKe
-0,9 0;
711 npH cos80.
TorAa OKa3bIBaeTCH, 'ITO Bblpa KeHHH AAH 'loo H TIK npHo6peTyT
CJieAy1ou Hf1 BH,q:
Too = b7o (00),
2 sin K Qo
T1K ,~ K .
(34)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
')TH we 4 opMyJIbi TaK]Ke MOryT
6bITb IIOJIyqeHbI
133
(16) H (19).
AJIH 3TOPO Heo6XOAHMO yqeCTb,
TO npH b - oo
(15)
aCHMnTOTH-
geCKH CTpeMHTC 1 K BblpaxceHHIo
1,8 (35)
e1-e2 - bsin00
YUHTWBaH 9T0 cOOTHOIneBBe H coBepwas npe,l enbHwA nepexoz
B (16) H (19) IIpH b -- oo, nonyqHM (34).
fIoKa Keu, 9To npH b = oo B Bbzpa)KeHHe Anx IIOCTOHHHOH
cnara-olueH BOHAyT TOnbKO Asa Ko944HUHeHTa 100 H T[x? Aim
f ro (r)
PHc. 8. OuenKa jp(8) npn b -> oo.
9TOro cneAyeT AOKa3aTb, 9To CyMMa 6eCKOHe'IHOrO paAa B (9), 0
nepBbzH 9aeH KOTOporo paseH 2 T22Kcos2p, CTpeMHTCx K
npH b a co. KawAb11 K09g4HuHeHT, BXOAAIII,HH B 3TOT PHA,
onpe1enxeTC51, cornacxo (6) H (9), BblpaxceHHeM:
TpxP s a 71(-a-bcos c)cosKptdT.
0
CyMMa pxua MO)KeT 6bITb 3auMCaHa CJIeAyIoIuHM o6pa3oM:
1
Socm _ E cos pp Tp (- a - b cos c) cos Kp T dc.
D-2 0
Anx oueHKH 9TOr0 puua 3aMCHHM rpa4)HKH -p(O) npxMOyroJlb-
HHKaMH, BiICOTa KOTOpbIX paBHa MOAyJIK1 MaKCHManbHOrO 3Ha9e-
HHx 7, (0), K3K IIOKa3BHO Ha pHC. 8.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
MOAyJIb MaKCHManbHOro 3HageHH$ Tp (9) MO)KeT 6b1Tb HagAeH
H3 (20), eCJIH UOJIO)KHTb
TorAa
sin (p-1)9=-sin(p-F 1)?=1,
ITPI UKC- ~(p1_ 1~
2
Soem <
P-2
- 1
Ti
9,
f cos Kptdr <
la,
2
T.9K
2 E 1 -
a2x p2 3c
p-2
IIpH H1 -* ?, -~ 0 Socm - 0.
TaKHM O6pa3oM, npH b -> or)
c) eAylouxHit BHA:
I sinxp(?1-?2) 1
p2
ypaBHeni a (24) npHo6peTaeT
= (?) sin x Oo
bSR To o + axb cos ~. (36)
C pOCTOM b UOCJIeAHHI gJIeH, OnpeaenHIOIIjHI3 3aBHCHMOCTb BbI-
npHMJIeHHOrO HaHpH?KeHHH OT CABHra q)33, naAaeT, BCJIeACTBHe
qero pa3Max XapaKTepHCTHKH CTpeMHTCH K HyJIK). B0Cn0JIb3oBaB-
WHCb BTHM, JIaAHM cMeumeHH1o HeKOTOpoe npHpa[I eHHe a=a,-}--Oa
H pa3JI0)KHM (36) B PHA no CTeneHBM A~ , OT6poCHB cTene-
HH Bbiuie nepB01.
Pa3JIO)KeRHe npoH3BeAeM OTHOCHTe)IbHO cMeLL[eHHH a0, KOTO-
poe nollygaeTCH npH cABHre 4]a3 y = 2 . IIpH BTOM nocJleA-
HHH UJIeH B (36) o6pauraercH B HyJIb, '-ITO o6nergaeT Haxo)KAe-
HHe ao.
Ilocjie HecJ10)KHbIX npeo6pa3osaHNN nonygaeM:
K sinicQocoscp
yW - COSOO cosT . (37)
SR +?o+ bsln"o
YgHTbNBag (35), nOCneAHHN RJIeH B 3HaMeHaTeJIe Mo)KeT 6bITb
oT6pouleH, TaK KaK npH b -r co 91- ?2 -- 0. IIoACTaBHB (33) B
(36), nOJiygHM 4lopMy.ny AJJ$1 OnpeAeJIeHHH pa6ogei TO KH a0,
nOJIO)KHB 2
cos 90
SR- = To (?o)?
(38)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
HeTpy.i HO BH,ueTb, tITO 3TO Bbipa)KeHHe coBnaAaeT C ypaBHeHHeM
AJIH o6bltlHOro aMnJIHTyAHOro IHOAHOro AeTeKTOpa ii npH AOCTa-
TOtIHO 60JIbIUHX SR MO?KeT 6bITb yllpOLgeHO
63 S3Tc
R'
(39)
foAcTaBHB SR H3 (38) B (37) H oT6pacblsaH noCJIe1HHR 4JIeH B
3HaMeHaTejle, nOJIytIHM nocJle Heo6XoAHMbIX npeo6pa3OBaHHH:
sa - sink 90 Cos p. (40)
x tg eo
uJIH TOrO tlT06bI HMeTb BO3MO)KHOCTb nOJIb3oBaTbC51 3TOR (1OpMY-
JIOH Aim npaKTHtiecKHX paCtieTOB, yCTaHOBHM rpaHHabI ee npHMe-
HHMOCTH. BbIule OTMegaJIOCb, tITO npH b--),-'o HeJIHHeHHbIM yt1aCT-
KOM K03()4)HIZHeHTOB Yo H rl MO)KHO npeHe6petlb. I'13 pHC. 3 BHA-
HO, 9T0 3T0 yTBep)KAeHHe 3KBHBaJIeHTHO BbIHOJIHeHHIO 000THoule-
b (1 - cos eo) >> 1. (41)
BbwoAHeHHe ero 3aTpyuxeHO npH cos ?o -} 1, To eCTb SR- co.
B 3TOM CAyvae (41) Mo)KeT 6bITb 3anHCaHO 13pH6AH?KeHHO CAe-
AyIO1uHM o6pa3ou:
b Ao
2 >>1.
docile HOACTaHOBKH (39) B riocjieAHee HepaBeHCTBO noJlyt4HM
noc ie npeo6pa30BaHHH yCJIOBHe npHMeHHMOCTH q)OpMyJIbI (40) :
b>>2
(42)
AHaJIH3 acHMnTOTHtleCKOFO Bblpa}KeHHH (40) noKa3blBaeT, 4ITO
npHpallleHHe BbInplIMJleHHoro HanplDKeHHH npH b->-c Ae 1CTBH-
TeJIbHO He 3aBHCHT OT aMHJIHTYAbI HH3KOxiaCTOTHOro Hanp1?KeHH51.
CJIeAYeT OTMeTHTb TaK?Ke, 'ITO npH KOO=1t pa3Max XapaKTepHCTH-
KH KpaTHO(1)a30BOr0 aeTeKTOpa, COFJIaCHO (40), o6paluaeTCH B
HyJIb. aJIH yBeJIHtieHHH pa3Maxa Heo6xoaHMO Bb16HpaTb napa-
McTp SR TaK, 9T06bI
KOo = 2 .
B pe3yJlbTare npOBeaeHHO1O pac eTa 6bIJIH noJlytleHbI Bblpa-
KKeHHH J1J151 onpeAeJIeHHH npHpan[eHHH BbInpHMJleHHoro HanpH-
?KeHHH DE=F((F) nPH pa3JIH4FIbIx b H SR Aim OAHOro wietia
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80TOO246AO45400220001-3
KpaTHO(pa3OBoro 4eTeKTOpa. 143 pHC. I BHAHO, qTO XapaKTepHCTH-
Ka .AJIH .AByX HJIeq MO?KeT 6bITb HOJIygeHa H3 COOTHOHIeHHA:
2AE = F (p) - F (,? )
HAH, ygHTbIBas CHMMeTpHIO XapaKTepHCTHKH OTHOCHTeAbHO 9=a
(PHC. 9),
(43)
Ha pHC. 9 nOCTpOeHbl OTHOCHTeAbHble XapaKTepHCTHKH AE
.AJIA pa3AH'Hbix b m K = 2, npHgeM npH Manbix b 3HageHHH F(cp)
PHC. 9. 1opMa XapaKTepHCTHKH KpaTHO(~a30B000 aeTeKTOpa npH K = 2.
OHpeAeJAJIHcb H3 rpa4)HKOB, aHanonHgHbNX pHc. 4, a upH b-~ co
H3 (40).
PaCCMOTpeHHe 3THX XapaKTepHCTHK uOKa3uBaeT, TO BHA Xa-
paKTepHCTHKH 3aBHCHT OT OTHOIneHHA aMnnHTyA b = U- H LITO
cyugecTByeT HeKOTOpoe OnTBManbHOe 3HageHHe b, npHeKOTOpOM
xapaKTepHcrnKa HaH6onee .HHehHa. []PH b -* oo xapaKTepHCTH-
Ka, KaK nOKa3brBaeT (40), CTpeMHTCH K KOCHHyCOHAe.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
XapaKTePHCTHKa KpaTHo4)a30BOrO AeTeKTopa npH 60JIbwHX
KpaTHOCTAX
BbIgHCJIeHHe 3aBHCHMOCTH SR(a) AJIH pa3JIH7HbIX KpaTHOCTCH
nOKa3buBaeT, 4TO OTHOIneHHe pa3MCpa xapaXTePHCTHKH K cMeule-
HHK) a0 npH K > 10 3Ha9HTeJIbHO naAaeT. 9TO o6'bgCHAeTCA Tel,
4TO Ko34 )HIXHeHTbI 11K, 122K H T. A. y6blBaK)T C pOCTOM KpaT-
HOCTH, Toria KaK K034(HILHeHT Too, onpeaeJIH10IUHi ao, OT KpaT-
HOCTH He 3aBHCHT. 9TOT # KT MO)KHO HCnOJIb30BaTb JLJIH npH-
6AHxCeHHorO aHaJIHTHgCCKoro onpeAeJIeHHH 3aBHCHMOCTH cMeLue-
HHH OT CABHra 4)a3:
a (pp) = ao + Aa (p).
C U JIb1O noJly4IeHH5) npH6JIH)KeHHoro BbIpa)KeHHSI Aa((p) pa3JIO-
)KIIM (24) B pHa TeI3JIopa no CTeneHHM Aa, OT6pocHB CTeneHH Aa
TpeTbero H 6oJlee BbICOKOI'O nopHAKOB. PHC. 10 HJIJIIocTpHpyeT
AnnpmuaazuuRl
IN
nj (D
PHC. 10. f PH6JIH1KeHHoe OnpeieaeHHC XapaKTepHCTHKH npH 60JIb-
IIJHX KpaTHOCTHX.
HeO6XOJLHMOCTb y.ILepMKHBaHHH BTOpOH CTeneHH Aa. aeIICTBHTeJIb-
HO, CMeweHHH npH (p=0 H (p=TL MOrYT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb pa3JIHLI-
HbIM CKJIOHaM rpa(DHKa 71K, H JIHHeHHaH annpoKCHMaAHB MOMKeT
npHBeCTH K BeCbMa 60JIbIIIOI3 OIIIH6Ke.
Ko3(4IjHILHeHT 122K B AaJIbHeI3IIINX BbIKJIaaKaX OT6pouleH, f0-
CKOJIBKy, KaK OTMegajloCb Bbllne, OH AOCTaTOVHO Man. fpH 9TOM
BblpaxceHHe AnA Aa (p) 3Ha9HTCAbHO ynpOIILaeTCB. Pa3.no)KeHHe
no)Iy9eHHOro TaKHM o6pa3OM BHpa)KeHHH
- a =100(a)+ 2 IIK (a) cos f (44)
SR
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
npOH3BOAHTCH BOKpyr cMeujeHIi ao, KOTOpoe oupe,i[enHeTCH npn
2
- ao
sR - Too (ao). (45)
IIocne pa3J1o)KeHHH (44) B pH,a H Heo6xoAHMbIx npeo6pa3oBaHHi
nonyvaeM ypaBHeHHe:
ao (Aa)2 + 2a1 (Aa) + a2 = 0, (46)
rAe:
ao = Too (ao) + 2 T' (ao) cos pp,
1 1
aI = SR + Too (ao) + 11,(a0) cos p,
a2 = TlK (ao) cos gyp.
3AeCb UITpHXH O3HagafOT RHq)cpepOHgHpOBaHne no a 000TBeTCT-
ByfOHjHX KO3(JC(HUHeHTOB. FIOCJIe AHCX(pepeH[wpOBaHHH no a (16)
L
-5
b=1
1111 500 1600 5QR7 X1X1000-`SR 100 500 /070 5000 1 00
a) 6)
PHc. 11. 3dBHCHMOCTb yrna OTce4KH H KpaTHOCTH OT napaMeTpa SR.
II (19) nOJlycfHM clleJjyIowue BbIpa3KeHHH AJIH KO3(cpHUHeHTOB
ypaBHeHHH:
__ a-1,8 I 1
~~
T0? hn2 sin91 + sin+ ~~~Z
I Hsin-191 sKe1 cosKA2 \
11K 0,9 ab sin e2 '
Too = n 2aa, (ef + es) + , [To (el) - To (e2M
1 (sin ,c8 - sin tce2).
T~K O,97cK
YFJIbI OTcenKH 01 11 02 onpeAe.nHIoTCH cor.naclo (14) npH cMefue-
HHH a=iao, OnpeAeJJHeMoM 113 (45).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha pHC. 1 1-a npeaCTaBJiexa 3aBHCHMO1 Tb yrJia oTCet1KH 01 OT
napaMeTpa SR, nOCTpoeHHaH no (45). 1-1o.nb3yfCb 3THM rpa4niKOM
H (14), MO]KHO JierKO OnpeAeJIHTb ?1 H ?2 npH pa3JIHIiHbIx b H
SR. XapaKTepHCTHKa KpaTHo4)a30Boro AeTeKTOpa HaxoAHTCH noc-
Jne peLueHHB ypaBHeHHH (46) :
Da (,P) _ - ao 1 - Y 1 - ,, as) . (47)
BTOpOI3, Ha16OJIbWHA no MO,gyJIK), KOpeHb ypaBHeHHH OT6ponleH,
rOCKOJIbKy OH COOTBeTCTBYeT, KaK BH,11HO H3 pHC. 10, yLIaCTKy rpa-
(pHKa TiK , KOTOpbIH He AaeT nepeCeLIeHHH C KpHBOH boo a
SR-
Ha pHc. 12 npeACTaBJIelia 3aBHCHMOCTb pa3Maxa xapaKTepH-
CTHKH 2Aa OT napameTpa SR npH b=5 AJIH AByx KpaTHOcTeH, no-
t'Sl1).nai tCD)
PHc. 12. 3aBHCHMOCTb p83laxa xapaKTCpMCTHKH OT napaMeTpa
SR npr K = 10 H x= 20.
CTpoeHHaA no cpopmy.ie (47). 1'13 3TOrO PHCYHKa BHAHO, LITO npH
HeKOTOpbIX 3HaL1eHHHX SR xapaKTepHCTHKa OTCyTCTByeT. 3T0 o6-b-
HCHHeTC51 TeM, LITO npH HeKOTOpbIX yr.nax oTce4KH, KaK BHAHO H3
pHC. 10, K03(!41LmeHT 71K o6pavzaeTCH B HyJIb. Ha 3TOM xKe pH-
CyHKe HyHKTHpOM npeACTaBJieHa 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHa5I KpHBa5, KO-
TOpaH noKa3blBaeT, LITO peaJlbHO XapaKTepHCTHKa npHCyTCTByeT
npH JIK)6bIX 3HaLIeHH5IX SR. DTO pacxo)KAeHHe o&bHCHHeTCH TeM,
LITO B BbIpa)KeHHH AJIH xapaKTepHCTHKH 6b1JIH OT6pouieHbI K03(J)-
9 Tpynw 129
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
(4HuHeHTbI 122h 11 BbIIIIe. OAHaKO ripH6JIHx{eHHOe yCJIOBHe HaJIH-
'IHH MHHHMyMa pa3MaXa XapaKTepHCTHKH MOx{eT 6bITb HafAeHo
H3 BbIpa)KeHHH:
HaH6oJIbHI14N HHTCpeC HpC jCTaBJIHeT oHpeAeJleHHe Hepaoro MH-
HHMyMa, COOTBeTCTByIOuL ero 60JIbLIIHM 3HageHHAM HapaMeTpa SR.
Ha pI{C. 11-6 HpeACTaBJIeHa 3aBHCLIMOCTb KpaTHOCTH, HpH KO-
TopOtt HaCTyHaeT HepBbll-I MHHHMyM, OT HapaMeTpa SR. H3 3TOr0
PHCYHKa BHJ[HO, 4TO C pOCTOM KpaTHOCTH BeJIHgHHa 3TOro rlapa-
McTpa yBeJIHgHBaeTCSI. BbIHIe OTMe'aJIOCb, 4T0 B CHCTeMe (DAH
KpaTHOCpa3oBbHi AeTeKTOp pa60TaeT B HeKOTOpOM AHana3OHe 4a-
CTOT. B 3THX yCJIOBHHX x{eJIaTeJIbHO yMeHbLIIHTb BJIHAHHe KpaTHo-
CTH 4aCTOT Ha pa3MaX XapaKTepHCTHKH, 4TO H03B0JH4T yMeHbLUHTh
H3MeHeHHe HOJIOCbl CHHXpOHH3Ma BAH HpH HepecTpOAKe rIOA-
cTpaHBaeMoro rer[epaTOpa. H3 pHC. 12 BHJLHO, 4T0 HpH
SR> (SR) Mt,,, pa3M ax XapaKTepHCTHKH MOHOTOHHO yBeJIH4HBaeTcsl
c pOCTOM SR. Ho3TOMy Heo6XOAHMo Bb16HpaTb HapaMeTp SR . o-
CTaTOIIHO 60JIbIII11M, TaK 4TO6bi HepBbIti MHHHMyM HaCTyrlaJI Ha 4a-
CTOTe, 60JIbwweFi HHHBbICLHCIi IIaCTOTbI AHaHa30Ha (DAH. Tor, a Ha
BCex 4aCTOTaX B anara3oHe He MO){eT 6bITb MHHHMyMa pa3MaXa
XapaKTepHCTHKH. 143 pHC. 11 BHJZHO, 4TO HpH K=30 SR-10000,
4TO Bb13bIBcieT He06xoaHMOCTb HpHMeHeHHA AHOAOB C 60JIbIIIOI
KpyTII3H0Ii (Hanpu iep, 6R3,L) H 60JIbUHX COHpOTHBJIeHHIi Ha-
rpy3KH. y4HTbIBaH nocJIeJI,Hee o6CT0HTeJIbCTBO, x{eJIaT'eJIbHO Ha-
1'py}KaTb KpaTHOCjJa3OBbIH ACTeKT'Op 3JIeKTpOHHOIi JIaMHOIi B pe-
}{IIMC OTCyTCTBH51 CeTO4HbIX TOKOB.
PHC. 13 HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT BJIHHHHe 0THOTIIeHHA aMrTJIHTyjj b Ha
pa3MaX XapaKTepHCTHKH AJIA pa3AH4HbIX HapaMeTpOB SR HpH
AByX KpaTHOCTHX K= 10 11 K=20.
Ho oci OpJwI{1 HaH6oJIbIIIei aMHJIHTy-
Aoft, OIIeBHAHO, 51B,75IeTC2U,,, a HpH bbl-U,. l lpH MaJIbIX 3Ha-
4CHH9X SR HMe1OT NICCTO MHHHMyMbI pa3MaXa ripH HeCKOJIbKHX
3Ha'eHH5jX b. 9TH NIIHIIMYMbl MOrYT 6bITb rio iy4eHbl, KaK yKa3bI-
BaJIOCb BbILHC, 113 rpa()IHKa pHc. H. C poCTOM SR MHHHMyMbI
CABHraIOTCA B CTOpOHy MaJIbIX 3Ha4eHHli b, HpH4eM Cyu eCTByer
oIIT'HMaJIbHOe 3Ha4eHHe b, HpH KOTOpOM pa3MaX XapaKTepHCTIlKif
N{aKCHMa.IeH. Hpl1 b-*oo pa3MaX XapaKTepHCTHKH onpejl.eJIHeTCA
IIOJIy'eHHOii paHee (copMyooi (40), TO eCTb He 3aBHCHT OT aMH-
.,HTy)jbI HH3KO4aCT0THOrO HaITpH KeHHH.
HpH SR=, m pa3MaX XapaKTepHCTHKH MO)K T 6bITb onpeAe-
Ierl 1{3 (IOpMyJJI (25), (27), (28) H (30) H, KaK yxa3bIBaJiOCb
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BbILIIe, npH b>K2 paBeH YJIBOeHHOI3 aMfJIHTY.ge BbICOKOLIaCT0TH0-
I'O HanpH}KeHHH.
Qi 1 5 10 50 X10 500 1000 b
UH
PHC. 13. 3aBHCHMOCTb pa3Maxa XapaKTepHCTHKH OT b= UQ
H napaMeTpa SR.
Ha puc. 14 npeaCTaBJI(:Ha 3aBHCHMOCTb OT KpaTHOCTH pa3Ma-ripil
ba 5. lapaMeTp SRHa5000 Bb16paH npH ~noMOLUH rpa4MHKaa puc.
11 TaK, LITO MHHHMYM pa3Ma-
xa xa,paKTepHCTHKH HaCTynae'T
Ha KpaTHOCTH Ic>20. Ha 3TO:M
we pHCYHKe H3o6pa)Kexa 3a-
BHCHMOCTh pa3Maxa xapaKT-2-
pUCTHKH npH b=100. Cpaa-
HeHHe 3THX j.Byx CJIy'IaeB no-
b'S
Ka3bIBaeT, 'ITO npH OTHOHIe- 9,01
HUH aMnJIHTyA b=5 BeJiHHH-
a
aK
p
Ha pa3Maxa x
= r u.WI1 2 3 4 5 10
KU 6oJIbLHe, ~IeM npH o-* o0
O.IIHaKO H3MexeHHe pa3Maxa
no aHana3OHy Bo BTOpOM
CJiyHae OKa3bIBaeTCH McHb-
PHC. 14. 3aBHCHMOCTb pa3M8Xa XapaK-
TepHcTHKH OT KpaTHOCTH npH AByX
3Ha'eHHAX b.
nIHM.
KaK y}Ke yKa3bIBaJIOCb BbIHIe, aHaJIH3 xapaKTepHCTHK KpaTHO-
(pa30BOT0 aeTeKTOpa 6bIJI npoaeJlaH JIJIH cJIy'IaUi, KOTJIa HH3KO'ac-
TOTHoe HanpU)KeHHe jeACTByeT B (pa3e Ha o6a nJle'Ia ueTeKTOpa.
9* 131
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
MO}KHO TOKa3aTb, LITO 1T H BKJIIOgeHHH HH3KOgaCTOTHOrO Ha-
rlpH)KeHHH B 06MOTKy CO cpejjHeli TO'IKOI-I XapaKTepHCTHKa Ha qeT-
HbIX KpaTHOCTHX OTCVTCTBVeT. ,L1eI3CTBHTeJIbHO, TOrJLa HanpA3lce-
HHe B BepXHeM HJIege:
el = UK cos t -1- U,, cos (K'r
B HH)KHeM IIJIege:
e2 - UK cos (i J- + UI cos (KT + p).
f IOCTOAHHaH cJlaraioaaaf TOKa 6y)eT onpe1zeJlsITbCA 'IJIeHaMH BH,ga:
B BepXHeM nneve:
Yp, PK COS pKT ? COs P (KZ -F cp),
nJlege:
Tp, PK ? Cos (pKT + is r) ? Cos P (KT +
p),
p=0,1,2. . .
,IjJIH fPOH3Be)ZeHH51 KOCHHyCOB
xIH rHOCTOHHHOIi CJIara1OIljeii:
nociie npHMexeHIIH (JopMyJlbl
HCJIy'IHM CJIeJIVIOHIHe Bblpa}KeHHH
B BepXHeM nJleLie:
I
2 Tp) pK COS PT,
1
2 Tp,pK cosp (Krr + (p).
143 3TIIX Bblpa}KeI-IHI{ BH,gHp 4TO fPII K 9eTHOM HOCTOHHHbie
CJIarafoWHe B o6o1X nJIegaX paBHbl npH JIIO6oM CJ[BHre (Ia3, TO
eCTb XapaKTepHCTHKa OTCyTCTByeT?
ECJIH K He'eTHO, TO Ha BbIXOJ[e (l)a30BOr0 ReTeKTOpa cyllueCT-
ByeT o6bIgHa5 XapaKTepHCTHKa, OnpeJJeJIHeMa% IIOJIy'IeHHbIMH BbI-
IHC BbIpa)KeHHHMH.
3aKJIIogeHHe
B pe3yJlbTaTe HccJIeaOBaHHH KPaTHO(~a3OBOrO aeTeKTopa YCTa-
IIOBJIeHO, TITO C TO'-1KH 3peHHH aHa,'IH3a CJIeJIyeT pa3JIHYaTb )JBa
cJiyEIaH: .K>10 if KKeHHe 3) jjaeT ROCTaTOgHyI0 TO4HOCTb
npH OnpeaeJIeHHH BXOAHOrO COnpOTIIBJIeHHH AeTeKTOpa,
PHc. 3. a - cxeMa aereKTOpa; 6- jHarpaMMa HanpsnsceHHH IieTeK-
Topa B ycTaHOBHBIneMcx pe>KHMe.
PaCCMOTpFIM pa60Ty jeTeKTOpa, CXeMa KOTOpOFO H306pa>KeHa
Ha pHC. 3-a. j1HarpaMMa HanpH>KeHHII AeTeKTOpa B yCTaHOBHB-
IIIeMcH pe>KFMe, B TOM CJI'ytae, eCJIH nepHOjl BbICOKOFI YaCTOTb(
CHrHaJIa HaMHoro McHbLue fOCTO51HHOI3 BpeMeHH uenH Harpy3Kn
AeTeKTOpa, npHBeaeHa Ha pnc. 3-6.
1. OnpeJeJIHM KO3c!4HuHeHT nepeAagn jjeTeKTOpa Kd:
U_ I
Ka (7)
rile: U_ - nOCTOHHHoe HanpD?KeHHe Ha Harpy3Ke jleTeKTOpa;
U,, - aMnJIHTylia BXOJlHoro CHCHaJIa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
H3 pxc. 3-a H -6 HMeeM:
- U_ ~- R = Cos 9,
um U,
u= U_+Umcoswt,
U_=-U,n Cos E),
u = U,,, (COS(ot - Cos ?),
i= f (u).
(8)
OupeAeJIHM n0CTO5IHHYIO COCTaBJIHIOuJYIO TOKa 'Iepe3 JIeTeKTOp I_:
2n
j= =-2~ i(uwt)dw1.
0
I'1CnoJIb3yn CoOTHo1UeHHSi (9), (8) H (1), noJly'IaeM:
e
aUm
S (cos wt- cos ?)z dwt-
bU,, (cos wt - cos ?)? dwt.
(9)
0
B pe3yJlbTaTe HHTerpiIpoBaHHR H npoCTbIx npeo6pa3OBaHHYl
HMeeM:
a U"` [ 4- sin 28 + 2 cos 2?? -
- a 1 x+ 2 Cos 28 )].
I?IpHHHMa% BO BHHMaHHe, 'iTO
H
- U_ Um COS
nonyvaeM nocJle Hecno)KHbIx npeo6pa3OBaHHA:
A 1 1 COS 2 9\ 3
a?Um R = O(COS4 + 2 COS@ - 2
b / 1 1 cos 29
a cos8 + 2 cos $
(10)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BbipaxceHHe (11) MO}KHO 3anxcaTb TaK:
a, Um R = P (cos ?) - a Q (cos B),
3
1
r.ae P(Cos 0) = 6 (cos 0-f- 2 c
sin 0, } (12)
osf~~ ) _ 2
Q(Cos B)=r(cogB
2 m38/'
flOAb3yIICb BblpaxceHHeM (12), MO) HO HOCTpOHTb ceMeFICTBO KpH-
RbIX, .z aIOLUHX 3aBHCHMOCTb Kd = COS 0 OT BeJHgHHhI a' U, .R
AA H pa3AH4HbIX 3HageHHH napaMeTpa a . 9TO ceMeFiCTBO 13OCTpO-
CHO Ha pHC. 4.
TaKHM O5pa3OM, MbI HMeeM B oHpe,geJIeHHOM MaCHITabe 3aBH-
CHMOCTb KO9(J(JHIj-1eHTa nepe,I(agH JeTeKTOpa Kj OT aMH./IHTygbl
I
41 1 10 01 1((V VDGb
PHc. 4. TeOp8TH4eCKaa 3aBHCHMOCTb
K0944HnHeHTa nepenagH Kd OT BeJIH-
PHC. 5. 3KCHepHMeHT8JIbHaH
(CHJIOIIHa$ JIHHHA) H pacVeT-
HaH (HyHKTHpHas JIHHHH) 3a-
BHCHMOCTH K0344 HuHeHTa He-
peaavH AeTeKTOpa Kd OT BeJIH-
VHHbI BMnJIHTyj(bI CHIHBJIa Um.
CHTHaJIa Um H B onpeJjeJIeHHOM MaCHITa6e 3aBHCHMOCTb K03(()(()H-
IjHeHTa HepeJjagH Kd OT BeJIHgHHbI COHpOTHBJIeHIIH Harpy3KH , e-
TeKTOpa R.
Ha PHC. 5 HPHBegeHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH KO9(p(pHH,HeHTa Hepeaagl
ueTeKTOpa OT aMHJIHTYJjbI CHrHaiia: paC4eTHbie KPHBble - HYHKTH-
poM, a 9KCHepHMeHTaJlbHble - CHJIOHIHbIMH JIHHHHMH. PaCgeTHbie
3aBHCHMOCTH C aOCTaTOgHOR TO4HOCTbfO HOBTOPSIK)T 3KCHepHMeH-
TaJIbHble.
2. OHpe,geJHIM BXOJ[HOe COHPOTHBJIeHHe )jeTeKTOpa Rex:
Um
Rix= I ,
(13)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
rite: Um - aMnJIHTy1[a Bxoaxoro CHCHana;
- aMnnHTyz[a 1-1 rapMOHHKH ToKa, npOTexaIoutero He-
pes 1teTeKTOp.
HaiueM aMnnlTyzy 1-i3 rapMOHMKH TOKa:
!I = i (wt) cos wt dwt. (14)
0
HCnOnbayf CooTHOLUeHHSI (8), (3) H pHc. 3-6, nonyvaeM:
(Cos wt cos 0)2 cos u t dwt -) 2cUm I~ (cos wt -
t- J
0 0
2b Um (COS wt-CoSa)2COSwtdwt.
-cos0)coswtdwt- n
0
B pe3ynbTaTe HHTerpHpoBaHHH H 3neMeHTapxbIx npeo6pa3OBaHHN
HMeeM: U m
2
2a U,,. ( sin 0 - 3 sin3 0 - 0 cos ?) -r 2b it COS 0 ? iv +
7c -
(?- 2 sin 20 .
]JenHM npasylo H neByio maCTH Ha Um H, npHHHMaSl BO BHHMaHHe
COOTH LUeHHe (13), nonyqaeM:
1 2aUr 1
(sin 0 - 3 sin' 0 -0 Cos 6-I-
8X
26 m cos 0 (0 - I sin 20 ). (15)
Bbipa?KeHHe (15) MO)KHO 3afHCaTb TaK: 0
-
v, ~--i
~ w kc(J V ) - ' V k-' v1
U
rae
1 b
W (cos 0) _ (sin8-3 sin3 0 -0 cos 0) + a cos 0 i,
V(COS 0)=--
8 - 21 sin 20
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
YMHO KHM IIpaByio u JieBylo LIaCTH BbIpa}KeHHx (16) Ha R H IIo-
JIygIHM:
R 2aUm R W (Cos O) + V (Cos e) ? c ? R. (17)
a )
floACTaBJIHSI Bbrpa}KeHHe (12) B C)OpMyJly (17), HMeeM B 061ueM
BH
Ae:
R
P (cos 6) b
Q (cos (4)
=A (cos ?)-- c?R.V(cos 6), (18)
2' q-
10 y/N
1 I $=o
Q 1 1 10 100 .1W X10 flIT A
PHC. 6. 4)VHKBH9 A!,/ a?Um-R ~''
it
-
0,/tZ2Q3c45asa7o8o9 1 car9
PHC. 7. PyHKBH9 V(cose).
TaK KaK cos O HBIIHeTCH H3BeCTHON 4)yHKI[Hei7 OT a-U'n-ll
r TO
Bblpa KeHHe (18) MO?KHO 3arHCaTb cneAyron Hm O6pa30M:
R (a. Um' R ) I (a ? Um R
Re.r \ 7c ) ? c R V 7t ). (19)
YHKIIHAA' /a.Um?R1
\ -/I HpegcTaBI1AeT Co60ki CeMeFicmo KPHBNX
c HapaMeTpoM a (pxc. 6).
3aBHCHMOCTb V (COSO) H306pwKeHa Ha PHC. 7.
Ha pi c. 8 ]IpHBeJ eHbl 3aBHCHMOCTH BXOjjHOrO COIIpOTHBJIeHHH
OT BeJIHYHHbI aMHJIFITyJIbI CHMaJIa: pacgreiHbre KPHBble-IIyHKTH-
pOM, 3KCHepHMeHTaJIbHble-CIIJIOHIHbIMH JIHHHHMH.
Ha OCHOBaHHH HpHBeAeHHoro aHaJIH3a MO]Kiio peKOMeH,IOBaTb
CJIeJlyIOHZaIi HOpsrJ1oK BbI'IHCJIeHHH OCHOBHbIX napaMeTpOB repMa-
HHeBoro AeTeKTOpa HefpepbIBHOrO CHrHaJIa:
1. KO3(pi)HUHeHT IIepeAagH onpe,eJISTeTCH IIO KPHBbIM pHC. 4.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
2. BxoJIHoe conpoTHBneHHe B o6iueM BHAe onpeaeJ1HeTCH H3
Bblpa)KeHHH (18) MAR (19). (yHKUHH A' (a.Urn.R ) H V (cos 8)
onpeAeJIHIoTCH no KpHBbIM pHC. 6 H 7 COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
Ec iu aMnJIHTyAa CHrHaJia U,, H Harpy304HOe COnpoTHBJIe-
HHe R AOCTaTOgHO BeJIHKH, TO B BbIpa)KeHHHX (18) H (19) BTOpOH
4JIei Mali no cpaBHeHHIO C nepBbiM, H 3Ha4eHHe
onpeAeJIHeTCH (pyHKuHeu
pHC. 6.
B 3TOM c iy4ae lw!
CA'
a?Um?R
HMeeM rOTOBbie 3aBHCHMOCTH (B
onpejieJleHHbIX MaclllTa6ax), OT
aMTIJIHTyAbI CHrHana Um H OT
BeJIHEiHHbI COnpOTHBJIeHHH Ha-
rpy3KH DLeTeKTOpa R, aHaJiorH4-
I-Ibie 3aBHCHMOCTHM aJIH K03(jJ())H-
UHeHTa nepeaa4H rcd (pHC. 4).
KPHBbie pHC. 4 it 6 jiaioT B03-
MO)KHOCTb He TOJIbKO oupelie-
JIBTb napaMeTpbI jteTeKTOpa, HO
H HarJIHAHy!O KapTHHy B03MO)K-
HbIX 'H'3MeHeHHiI 3THX napa'MeT-
RR- rIOJIHOCTbIO
x
Fu-4
Tqi~FJ R -820xoAi
PHc. 8. 9KcnepHMeHTanbRa$
(CnIIOWHaA AHHHA) H pac ieTHWI
(HyHKTHpHBA AHHHH) 3aBHCHMOC-
TH BXOAHoro COnpOTHBACHHA Ae-
TeKTOpa Rex OT BeAHRHHbl amnAH-
TyAbl CHCHBAa um.
p0B npH 3aMeHe jinojja H npH H3MeHeHHH aMnJIHTyabl BXOAHO-
r0 CHrHaJla.
nHKOBoe jjeTeKTHpOBaHHe paAHOHMnyJIbCOB
Flo BOnpOCy nHKoBoro jjeTeKTHpOBaHHH paaHoHMnyJIbCOB rep-
MaHHeBbIMII AHOjjaMH HeT Ony6JIHKOBaHHbIX pa6oT. 1-1pH nHKOBOM
J eTeKTHPOBaHHH paaHOHMnyJIbCOB, KaK H npH AeTeKTHpOBaHHH
HenpepbIBHOrO CHI'HaJIa, OCHOBHbIMH napaMeTpaMH HBJIHIOTCH KO-
3(P()HuHeHT nepejiva4H H axoj(Hoe conpoTHBJleHHe.
CXeMa nHKOBOrO jieTeKTOpa paaHOHMnYJIbCa aHa.IorH4Ha cXe-
Me j[eTeKTopa HenpepblBHOrO CHrHaJIa (pHC. 3-a). anarpaMMa Ha-
np5i)KeHHF3 H TOKOB HHKOBOI'o aeTeKTOpa npHBejieHa Ha pHC. 9
(jiJIH yCTaHOBHBHIerOCH pe)KHMa) IJIH CJIy4aH, Koraa nOCTOHHHaH
BpeMeHH Harpy3KH RC ROCTaTOgHO BeJIHKa no cpaBHeHHIO c ne-
pHOAOM nOBTOpeHHH HMnyJIbCOB T.
11pe,aCTaBHM CTaTH4eCKylo XapaKTepHCTHKy repMaHHeBOrO AH-
OAa AByMH npHMbIMH (pHC. 1-a) H 3aMeHHM AHOa )I napaJlJIeJIb-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
HbIM CoeJjHHeHHeM JiHOJja )71 H COHPOTHBJIeHHH Ri o6p. aJIH 3TOrO
CJIytiaH 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH cxeMa HHKOBOrO JjeTeKTOpa H3o6pa3KeHa
Ha pHC. 10. L1JI51 HOCTOHHHOH cJlaraIOHjeH TOKa ReTeKTOpa COHpO-
THBJIeHHe R1 o6p BKJII09eHO HapaJIJIeJIbHO COHpOTHBJIeHHIO Harpy3-
KH JjeTeKTopa R, TaK KaK 06bIYHO JLJIH HOCTOHHHOrO TOKa BHyTpeH-
Hee COHpOTHBJIeHHe HCTO4HHKa CHTHaJIa paBHO HyJIIO.
1-1O3TOMy BJIHHHHe R1 o6p CBOIjHT-
CH K yMeHbmmeHHIO COHpOTHBJIeHHH
Harpy3KH JjeTeKTOpa J10 BeJIHtIH-
HbI R':
PHC. 9. ,4HarpaMMa Haripsl>tce-
HHtA nHKoBOro1ereKropa B yc-
TaH0BHBiueMcn pe)KMMe.
R Rio6p
R - R+Ri o6p* (20)
,LJIH TOKOB BbICOKOI%I gaCTOTbI
COHpOTIfBJIeHHe Harpy3KH JjeTeK-
TOpa HpeJLCTaBJIHeT co60H KOpOT.
KOe 3aMbIKaHHe, H, CJIeJjOBaTeJ1b-
HO, COHpOTHBJIeHHe Ri o6j, BKJIIOtIe-
HO HapaJIJIeJIbHO BXO,l HOMY COHpO-
THBJIeHHIO JjeTeKTopa .L 1 R 1. UT-
cioJja HOJIHOe BXOJjHOe COHpOTHB-
JIeHHe repMaHHeBOrO aeTeKTOpa 6y-
JjeT paBHO:
R,xl'Rio6p (21)
- )
R1 - 1+Ri o6p
TaKHM o6pa3OM, HapaMeTpb1 HHKOBOrO repMaHHeBoro aeTeKTO-
pa MO}KHO OrlpeJjeJIHTb no ()opMyjiaM, BbIBeJjeHHbIM JLJIH JjHOAa,
HMeloWero JIHHeIHO-JIOMaHylo XapaKTepIICTHKV [1] C y'JeTOM
Bblpa KeHHH (20) H (21).
1-1peJjcTaBHM CTaTHgecKylo xapaKTepuCTHKy repMaHHeBOrO J1H-
o,aa Hapa6OJIaMH [CM, BbIpa}KeHHH (1) H (3)1 aHaJIorHtIHO TOMy,
KaK 9T0 6bIJI0 CJjeJIaHO JjJ1H HenpepblBHoro CHrHaJIa.
OHpe,aeJIHM Ko3CjJ HgHeHT HepejjagH Kdn H BXOJjHOe COHpOTHB-
JIeHHe R.... aJIH onpeJ[eJIeHHH KOBFjJ JHuueHTa HepeJZagH HaHJjeM
BbIpa)KeHHe JjJIH HOCTOHHHOH CJIaralorljeH TOKa JjeTeKTOpaL-n.
Ha OCHOBaHHH Bblpa}KeHHH (1), (9) If pHC. 9 MO}KHO 3arIH-
caTb:
mT i mT
1 1
lKe B HeKOT'OpbIX HpeaejIaX McHHIOHjHeCH) TeMHepaTVp-
Hble YCJIOBHH H 6yjIYLIH CB5I3aHbI CO CXeMOH aBTOreHepaTOpa, MO-
rYT HPH OHpej[ejieHHbIX COOTHOIIIeHHHX HapaMeTpoB OCTaBJIHTb va-
CTOTy aBTOKOJIe6aHHII HeH3MeHHOI3. ECTeCTBeHHO, LITO HJIeHTH--
HOCTb TeMHepaTYpHbIX yCJIOBHI pe30HaTOPOB MO)KeT 6bITb ROCTHr-
IivTa 60ACe IIpOCTO, qe'+i BbICOKafi CTa6HJIbHOCTb HX a6COJIK)TH0II
TeMHepaTypbl.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BbI6op cxeMbi aBTorexepaTOpa He nBJIHeTCs npHHI[HnHaJIbHOII
CTOpOHOIi BOnpoca, paCCMaTpHBaeMOrO B AaHH0I3 CTaTbe. fOCKOJIb-
Ky, oAHaKO, geJlblo aHaJIH3a HBJIHeTCH BbIHBJIeHHe yCJIOBHI3 nOJIy-
YeHHH BbICOKOI1 CTa6HJIbHOCTH qaCTOTbI, TO paCCMOTpeHHe BeAeTCH
Ha rlpHMepe MOCTOBOI3 cxeMbl, TaK KaK HMeHHO B 3TOit cxeMe TIa-
CTOTHaH HeCTa6HJIbHOCTb B OTHOIneHHH npH'IHH, He CBH3aHHbIX C
HenOCpeACTBeHHbIM BO3AefICTBHeM Ha KBapu, TeopeTH'-IeCKH MO)KeT
6bITb CBeAeHa K JIIo6oMy MHHHMyM'y.
IccJIe1[OBaHHe MOCTOBbIX CXeM aBTOreHepaTOpOB, B 4aCT-
HOCTH KBapueBbxX, IIOApo6HO aaHO B pHAe pa6oT COBeTCKHX
H 3apy6e)KHbIX BBTOpOB [1,3). OTMeTHM, OAHaKO, 9TO JIIo6aa
cxeMa aBToreHepaTOpa, B TOM gHCJIe H MOCTOBa}, npHHI[H-
nHaJibHO Mo)KeT 6bITb HpeJCTaBJIeHa, KaK yKa3aHO Ha pHC. 1.
3Jl,ecb N -yCHJIHTeJIb c KOMIAeKCHbIM KO9("HIUHeHTOM
ycHJIeHHH N = N ? eJ'P, (-x- uenb o6paTHOIi CBH3H, o6ecnegH-
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B QVIOCTOBbIX cxeMax aBToreHepaTO'pOB,
KaK H3BeCTHO, HCHOJIb3yeTCH Aim or6ecne'le
'HHH O6'paTHOi3 CBH3H 6ajIaHCH~Oe BKJIIOIIeHHe N
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THpy10Iuy!O cB513b: anbHafl cxeMa aB-
1 ToreHepaTOpa.
N
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6bITb Ha3BaHa B3aHMHOf4, TaK KaK pe30HaTOPbI OKa3bIBaIOTCH paB-
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* AMnhIHryJ b[ HanpSI)KeHH{I Ha BeTBHX MOCTa MoryT OTJIHIIaTbCft, OAHaKo
npHHU(HnhIaJlbHas KapTHHa npH 3TOM HC H3MehHTC51.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
IlOJIOBHHa MOCTOBOI3 cxeMbl, H KOJIe6aHHHi ynpaBJIgloTCHi pe30Ha-
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paTHON CBB3H B pe)KMMe TeMBepaTypHON KOMHeHca1nM.
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KaK yKa3bIBaJIOCb, KBapubI Bb16Hpa10TCH1 TaK, T1T0 HX TKLI HMe1OT
HPOTHB000JI03KHbJe 3HaKH.
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3TO1l TOgKe paBeH Hy.n1O.
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AJIR HpOCTOTbI 3arHCH, qTO:
R, R2 R5
R3 Rs Re
(1)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
r.ne P, H I2-aKTHBHbie cocraBJuI1ou1,Iie I1MneAaHUeB KBapueBbD
pe30HaTOpOB.
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Ilenb KBapua, o6JIaAaloLuero COnpOTHBJIeHHeM nOTepb R1, HMeeT
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2
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CH TaKHM o6pa3oM:
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U2- 2 U11(R2+R4)R(1+A;) R5+Rs
R2
E2 - R2 + R4
(7)
(8)
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
I-IanpA)KeHHe Ha Bb1XO,l,e MocTa, cHHMaeMoe c gejiHTejIH (9, paBHO:
U=l9aU2+(1 --"la)U;? (9)
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TO BbIpa}KeHHe JJJISI KO3(p(1HuHeHTa 06paTHOI3 CBH3H HpHMeT c.,uIe-
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OHpeaeJlxeTCA ABYMH KBapuaMH. HeTpyAHO TaK}Ke BH,I1,eTb, LITO aB-
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HpH AOCTaTogHO BbICOK013 (1HKCHpyfomeli CHOCO6HOCTH MOCTa, a
He OAHHM, paCCTpOIiKa Me}K,Zjy HHMH, 06yCJIOBJIeHHa{ HeTOLIHOCTb10
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4TO6bI apryMeHT K03(4MIJ,HeHTa yCHJIeHHSI (Q, HPH KOTOpOM BbI-
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TCJIb BHOC14JIH 6bI B3aHMHO HCKJIIO4a1cJ I-1e (pa30Bbie CJjBHrH).
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pe3OHaTOpOB OTHOCHTeJIbHO LIaCTOTbI reHepaLl,HH C y4eTOM COHpO-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
rHBJIeHHI3 IIJIe~I MOCTa, BK.IIIOt1eHHbIX nocJIeAOBaTeJlbxo c KBap-
uaMH. O603Ha4HM MHHMyIO TIaCTb a 4epe3 M, TOrAa H3 (10) BbI-
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TIOCKOJIbKy B TO4Ke neperH6a w0 HMeeT McCTO d- = 0,
TO yCJIOBHeM yCTOcI4HBOCTH TIaCTOTbI 6yAeT cile.yloluee:
153
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wO,
w>wo Two f+7 0, LITO HBJIHCTCH npH3HaKOM HeyCTOHNHBOCTH gaCTOTbI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
9Ta HeyCTOHNHBOCTb HMeeT McCTO HOqTH Ha BCeM HHTepBa-
ae 'qaCTOT Mexc,y rAe d~ ( HJIH dM ) 6onbHie Hyrax.
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YeCKHX yCTp,OHCTB HaXO,gHIT npHMeHeHHe HetiaTHble onpeCCOBaHHbie
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JISIIOTCA THnOBbIM Ha3HaiieHHeM TaKHX H3AeJIHH. flegaTHoe BbInoJl-
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pxA,e cJiynaeB npHBOAHT K TOMy, zITO TaKHe 3JIeMeHTbI noJlyqaioT-
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HCHOJIb3oBaHHe B KalqeCTBe pa3jl,eJIHTeJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB Me)K,Ijy
CTyneHS1MH yCHJIeHHSI. Paenpe-
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npOTuBJIeHHe R, nplcoeAHHeHa JIHHHSI lWiHOH / C HOI'OHHbIMH na-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
paMerpaMH r' H C. ~IJISi KOHKpeTHOIi cxeMbl YCHJIHTeJISI c Harpyi-
KOIi ra H BXOAHbIM Harp3i)KeHHeM uex?
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BJIHeMoro o6bIgHO B KOHge JIHHHH. HIo CBoeI3 KOH()HrypauHH yKa-
3aHHaSI CXeMa HanoMHHaeT KOM6HHagHK) 6eCKOHe4HO 6OJIbWOrO
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3aBHCHMOCTbIO KOMnLIeKCHOrO KO34 HIHeHTa nepeAagH, JIH60 ne?,
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9eiii OTbICKaHHe B o61gefi q)opMe JIHIIIb HaCTOTHOI3 3aBHCHMOCTH
KOMnJIeKCHOrO K03cxIJngHeHTa nepegagH, oAHaKO B J1O60M H3 yKa-
3aHHbIX CH00060B oHpeAeJIeHHH CBOiiCTB germ upOMe}KyTOYHbIM
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0
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-
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di = c'dx ? at (u, - u). (4)
C Apyroi CTOpOHbI, BeJIHtHHa u, Mo]KeT 6b1Tb onpeAeJieHa coe-
,uylOlgHM o6pa3OM:
U, (5)
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111 (4) -H -(5) BbITeKaeT:
di = c' a` dx - c'R ai' dx - c' dt. (6)
Lit at arau
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3aMe'IaHHH OKOHuaTeJIbHOe Bblpa)KeHHe TpeTbeFO ypaBHeHHA Ae-
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0
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azu , au , as ai,
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HbiX ypaBHeHHA. IIpHMeHHH, TaKHM o6pa3OM, onepaTOpHbiH McToa
173
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
H yTIHTbIBaH HyJIeBble HagaJIbHbie yCJIOBHS1, BBe,L eM CJiej[yfoHlee
COOTBeTCTBHe OpHrHHaJiOB H Hpeo6pa3OBaHHbIX (pyHKu,HIi:
it (x,t)=U(x,p)=U,
du (x, t)
at --PU,
t, (t) (P)
dl, (t) (10)
at pl,,
E(t)~ E(p)=E,
d dtt~ = pE.
COOTHouJeHHH (10), HPHMCHeHHbIC
HPHBOJ(HT K CHCTeMe:
d2U
1+pT 1+pT
I4CKJIIO'IeHFIeM 1, 143 (11) HJIH
HOBeHHOC qH(HJepeHUHaJibHoe
0
(12) MO)KeT 6bITb
d2U PT' p2T' ? T
K ypaBHeHHHM (8) FF
4-pT'U=pT'E-p
PT U- 1+PT E+ I(14-pT)
J Udx. (13)
(12)
3TO-ypaBHeHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO U H ee HpOH3BO;IHOA C npaBOK
'iaCTbIO, B KOTOpyK) BXOJjIT H3BeCjrHa5I q)YHK4HH E H OHpeJjeJleH-
HbIII HHTerpaJJ HO x OT HCKOMOk ()YHKUHH U. C TOTIKH 3peHHH ne-
Z
peMeHHOH HHTeI'pHpOBaHHH ypaBHeHHH UC(x HBJIHeTCH HeKOTO-
0
pOK HOCTOHHHOI3, npaBAa, nOKa eige He H3BeCTHOII.
,LJIH COKpameHHH BbIKJIaJ[OK BBeaeM HpOMe3KyTOTIHyIO KaHOHH-
TIeCKylO 3anHCb ypaBHeHHH (13) :
d'U
dx,-+aU=Y+PD,
r= p2, c'.
a~pc'; I'
l(1+pT) ' +-
(14)
$Udx=D. (15')
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
A -}- B --- 7 F PD
= 0,
BH$ H cooTHoLueHHI (15').
(DH3H'IeCKHe rpaHHtlHble yCJIOBHH COCTORT B TOM, 'ITO:
npH x=0 U=0,
npH x=1 i=0
HRH, 'ITO CJIeAyeT H3 (2),
du 0.
ax sat
,aim npeo6pa3OBaHHbIX (4yHKILHFI 9TO TaK)Ke o3HagaeT
Ulx_o = 0
dx Ix-i 0
HaKna,gb1Ba, ycJIOBHR (17) Ha pelueHxe (16), nony'IaeM:
KaK H3BecTHO, peuleHHeM yKa3aHHOro ypaBneHHR HBJISIeTCH
cyMMa o61uero peuieHFR oAHopofHoro ypaBHeHHH H 'IacTHoro pe-
iueHHR ypaBHeHHH c npaaoI3 'acTblo:
jlf x -- V'x 1+~D
U= A- e + B. e -j a (16)
B petueHHH (16) TpH HeH3BecTHbix nOCTORIIHbIX HHTerpHpoBa-
HHR A, B, D, 1W1H OTbICKaHHR KOTOpbIX calyxcaT rpaHH'IHble yCJlo-
peuieHHR:
iY a `e j v a a
HJIH, c yieTOM (19):
B - A + Y - D 1 1 / . (20)
I )a a - a /
1'13 CHCTeMbI (18), (19) H (20) Haxo 11TCH HCKOMble KOHCTaHTbl
(17)
(18)
A eJ1r t - B e_1 t = 0. (19)
TpeTbe ypaBHeHHe HCH3BeCTHbIX KOHCTaHT BbITeKaeT H3 (15')
H (16):
A jY? t_ IN. B (e-IYa t r 1) -- 7+ D 1= D
eh/'C I (21)
A - ~ 2 ~/a (I - ~1 1 a Cos V'71+ sin }~ ,
a 1
\ a / a
I 22)
(
(1_--).i/.cos(a?1+ sinylaI
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
y a I ? COS Va I - sin Va I
D?Y- -
iv
I\1 - ~f< ? cos yla 1+ p ? sin f~ I
a
(23)
B pe3ynbTaTe HORCTaHOBKH (21), (22) H (23) B (16) H npeo6pa-
3OBaHHH HOKa3aTeJIbHbIX (JyHKUHIt B TpHrOHOMeTpHgeCKHe nOJiy-
gaeM:
U= 7
Ya
Cos Y/a I - Cos Y "a (I - X)
1 - -~ ~a ? cos Yla Z + sin yea I
a a
(24)
fOACTaBJIHH B (24) COOTHOIneHIIH (15), HaXOAHM B onepaTOpxoii
(popMe KO3(X(JHgHeHT nepe,ga4H IjenH:
Cos Ylp- cos YpTtr
K(x,P)= vpT (25)
/pr cosy/pz -+pT?sin)/pl
rAe: C = r'c'. I2 - noCTOHHHaH BpeMenH, o6ycnOBJIeHHam
fOJIHbIMH eMKOCTbIO H COHpOTHBneHH-
eM JIHHHH;
TL _X = r'c' (l - x)2 - HtKOTOpaH YaCTb T, 3aBHCHWaH OT X.
KaK H3BeCTHO, Ko3((pHn?HeHT nepeAagH B oHepaTOpnox ()opMe
51BJIHeTCH H3o6pa)}CeHHeM nepeXOAHOA xapaKTepHCTHKH uenH.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, BbIpa)KeHHe (25) HBJIHeTCH 14306pa)KeHHeM HC-
KOMOii (pyHKUHH.
C Rpyrofi CTOpOHbi, 9aCTOTHO9 XapaKTepHCTHKOf uenH HBJI5I T-
cH npeAen K (p), eCJIH aeIICTBHTeJIbHa5I IiaCTb P CTpeMHTCH K Hy-
JIK), TO eCTb HPH p-- j(o. H03TOMy:
K(x, w) = yj(y,c .
Cos YJwT - COs YJtuTL-X
~jws ? cos i/7 + jar Tsin Y/ jc~s
K(x,V)=Y~vv cosy, -CosVr ja?
y jv Cos/Jv+ jdvsinvJ' (26)
COOTHOIHeHHe (26) onpeAeJIHeT o6o6LI eHHyio 4aCTOTHy}o xapaK-
TepHCTHKy I.LeHH, TO eCTb MOAyJIb H apryMeHT K04(pHuHeHTa He-
peAavH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT O6O6uueHHOI3 (6e3pa3MepHOA) qaCTOTbI
V=(OT.
L1acTOTHag xapaKTepHCTHKa (26) 3aBHCHT OT nOJIO)KeHHSI
TOqKH c-beMa Hanpa)KeHHH Ha JIHHHH, TO eCTb OT KOOpAHHa-
TbI X, KOTOpaH onpeAengeT BenHYHHy S v = ? T ? (u, rAe
z 2
a- ( I ) - KO34x HuHeHT, CBSI3biBaiolI(H I CI_X H 'C H npH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
HHMaIOIuH)"i B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT X 3HaieHHH B npeAenax OT 0
AO 1. MHO}KHTeJIb A= It , HBJIHIOIUHHCft 6e3pa3MepHbIM na-
paMeTpoM uenH, MOx(eT npHHHMaTb, Boo6lue roBOpx, Jllo6ble
e a T H
IIIHpOKHXnpeAeJiaXBe.nHgHHbI R H,TaKHM o6pa3OM, BJIHHTb
Ha XOA XapaKTePHCTHKH.
B pxAe xapaKTepHbIX gaCTHbIX cJlyTIaeB KO34x HLHeHT nepe-
AagH MO)KeT npHHHMaTb CJIeAylolwie (jopMbl:
1. x = l - C'beM HanpH)KeHHSI B Kpal3Hell Bepxxell To llfe.
a) R H 0 npOH3BOJIbHbl:
K () = Y I .cosy~jv 1 j~v?sinV jv
6) R -1 H I argil I<
IZOACTaBJHH 3Ha9eHHH apryMeHTOB
_ A0
a-Ja2; b=.l R;
c cut
10 (z) -10 (-z),
nonygHM Hoene npeo6pa3oBaHH9:
C 2P' /
(12)
W(R) = 2 1 2 R e 2(?c +a210 A?R
cc +c a2
c+ciu
DyHKUIIH pampeAejaeHHH oFH6aJoll of HO I,gHHHeTcH 3aKOHV
PaHca.
OHpe,jejrrIM 3HageHH5] 1=ro H 2-ro MoMeHTOB pacnpcaeJJeHHH,
HCHOJIb3y5i H3BecT'Hble q)opMyJJbl [3]:
f Rw (R) dR= (Qc+-. 2L) e l? ( 2~ +
AJIH ManbJX OTHOweHHj1 cnraax
noMexa
xceHHe B PRA:
+ q- [lo (2) +11 ()j}, (13)
_ A2
_ o
q 2c c2r)
(q ;eii enr-
HaJIa H nOMeXH JjJIR CHPHaJIa HOCTOSIH!HOrO ypOBHSI.
CIIFHaiia
OTHOUleHHe I
OMexH XapaKTepH3yeTCH OTHOIIeHHe'M CpeAHeii
(22)
A''= f A2we(A)dA.
0
CpaBHRTeJlbHbie xapaKTepxcTHKH
PaocMO'TpeJHHe COOTHOnIeH'Hi AJISI (pylPKLHH pacnpezeJleHHH
ori6aialueii cHrHaiia H HOMeXH noxa3blBaeT, WO paCHpeieJleHHe
arx6aiomeil B JacC'MOmpeHHblx cjiygaxx nOBTO1pHeT xapaxTep pac-
npeAeJIeHF1H aMnJIHTy,2 bl cHrnaJia.
B ciiyzlae pacnpeJjeJIeHHSi aMfJIHTyJjbI CHrHa.Ia nO 3aKOHy Pan-
ca q)yHKUHH pacnpere.leHHH arH6alomeI nagol6Ha pacnpege.neHHio
or-r6a!oI4eii CyMMbI CnriiaJIa HOCTOHIIHOPO YPOBHH 11 HOpMaJIbHbIX
(IJIIOKTyaUHOoHHbix noMeX H OTJIHIIaeTCH Be1IHT-IHHO4i AacnepcHH.
,T1aHHble Ta6JIHIjbl nOKa3bIBa1OT 3a,BHCHMOCTb BeJIHtiHH nepBOrO
H BTOporOI MOMCHTOB OT xapaKTepa 3aKOIla pacnpeAeJleHm aMnJIH-
T.,R~. CHrHaJI
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ta5Auua.
3aKoH pacnpeieneHHH aMnnHTyAbI
Clepabai( MoMeHT pacnpeaeneHHA
ort16aioutef
BTOpo% MOMeHT
pacnpeaeaeHHSl
orH6aaouieH
A'+ A2
we (A) = A e la 2
C Io
Acp - Ao nPH A. >> 1
A= = A2
+ 2ac
A2
we (A) = A e 2ac
C
a2
]~n
Acp = - 2 2,,,2
CHrHan nOCTORMHOrO YPOBHH
we (A) = 6 (A - Acp)
R' + A2
w(R)s R e 2(ac+auc) j ( AOR
ac + au o ac + al /
w (R) = R e 2 (a2 + sul) 11 a2 + a2
c ru
R2+Ap
U,
w (R) = R e 2a2u (o (Aa2 R 1
n A'
2 ~?ac + a u 11+ c
4 (ac -}- a )
2 2
R, 2 Vac+a
1 A2
P
TC a2 +
u'
2
R1~1 a+ 4a2 t -...1
Rs= A2+2(.2 + ate)
R'=2(a2+a
R, 2+ 2 Acp + awl
a
R,=Ap+2a2
11 p H M e q a H H A: 1. COOTHOIAeHHK AJIK nepBoro MOMeHTa nepaoli H TpeTbeF CTpOK CnpaBeAJHBbL AJIH ManbIX OTHoweHH i CHrHan
noMexa
2. 3HageHji MOMBHTOY AAA pacapeAeaeHH1 Pere, npnAeAeHii B (pyHKIUHH cpeAHerO 3HageHHa aMnnxryubl CHTHana H B 4)yHKIHH AHCnep-
chr ypdBHx c'Iatrlaa'aa.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
11HTEPATYPA
1. 1'. H. B a T CIO H, TeopHSl 6ecceneBbix (11yHKUHN, M11, 1949.
2. C. 0. P a N c, TeopHH 4)JHOKTyaI(HOHHbIX IIIYMOB, C60pHHK nepeBoAoB,
I'IJI, 1953.
3. B. H. B Y H H MID B H 4, (DJ1IOKTyaUHOHHble HIpogeOCbI B paAHonpHe'MHb1X
ycrpoxcTBax, , 1951.-
4. B. M. C T 0 y H, Jorn of the Appl. Phys, v 25, ]W_ 12, 1954.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
K OILEHKE OWHBOI( 3AIIHCH B TEJIEMETPHgECKI'IX
CHCTEMAX. IIOBbIWEHHE KALIECTBA 3AIIHCH
METOAOM OCTAHOBKH JIY4A
3a noCJiejiHIIe POJjbI BO MHOPHX OTpaCJIHX Ha'pOJjHOfO XO3RHICTBa
CCCP B'Ce tlauje H tlaui,e CTarIu npHM'CH5ITbc5I pa3JIHtIHble TeJIe-
McTpI-NecKHe CHCTeMbI, n03BOJI5I1O11 He Ha66JIIoJjaTb H 3anHCbIBaTb
iia paCCT'O5IHHH BCeB03MWKHbie CHPHaJIbI, na!paiMeTpbl. BbIXO,IL'Hble
y!CTpOI4CTBa 3THX CHCTCM, KaK npaBHJIO, coiLep3KaT O2LHy HJIH He-
CKOJIbKO 3JIeKTpOHHO-JlytleBbIX Tpy601K, C 3KDaHOB KOTOpbIX cHrHa-
JIbI 3anHCbIBaIOTCH Ha (~0'T'OHJIe,H,Ky H 3aTeM pacu1H(ppoiBblBa10TCHI.
,aeu1H(ppOBKa c npHMeHeHHeM 60JIbiuOro onTHgeCKOrO yBeJIHLleHHH
(JoTOrpaMM npeJj'bSIBJISieT BbI'COKHe T'pe6oBaHHH K KatieCTBy q)OTO-
3anHCH.
KaK H3BeCTHO, 6e3OHIH,60!tI!HO nepeaaBaTb H ()H1KCHp-OBaTb Car-
HaJIbI npaKTHtlecK'H HeBO3MO}KHo. B npogecce nepera'tIH CHTHaa
HCKa]KaeTCH KaK 3JIeKTpHtIecKHM TpaKTOM, TaK H 3JIeKTpOHHO-JIy-
ileBOaI Tpy6KOK 3a CIIeT KOHeLIHbI'X pa3MePOB nainyujero H51THa
(TaK Ha3bIBaeMbte anepTypHble HCKa)KeHHA). 1-1pHtle'M BbICOKaq
pa3peulaloujai crioco HOCTb pajiuo paKTa TeJIeMeT'pHtIecKo1 CHCT,-
MbI MO?KeT 6bITb C'BeJIeHa Ha HeT ane'pTypHblMn HOKa3KeHHHMH.
B OT.II1[gHe OT Te,ieBH,eHHH B BbIXOAHbIX yCTpoI3!CTBaX TeJlerMeT-
pHHCCKHX CIICTCM npHMeHAK)TCSI TPy6KH co cpaB'HHTeJIbHO He6oJIb-
IHHM J[HaMeTpOM 3KpaHa - HO)5IJ.LKa 5 JjIO4%MOB H MeHee, tITO o6-
yCJIOBJIHBaeT 3aBaJI LIaCTOTHOI-I XapaKTepHCTHKH Tpy6Kn* npH
nep'noje pa3BepTKH T 50-100 AiKceic y)Ke B o6JIaCTH coTeH
KHJIOrepu. Hajingije noji'o6Hb1X HCKa)KeHHA Tpe!6ye'r B TeaeMeTpHIH
o65I3aTeJIbHO110 HpHMeHeHHH CXeM anepTypHO}I KOppeKIl.nn.
* AnepTypHbre HiCKa>KeHHB B TeJIeBIIAeHHH uoapo6H0 ipa-ccMoPpeH6l p8j[OM
a!BTO~poB 11, 31. I'MH BBeAeHO ~HOHBTae agaiCTOTHb1X>,H ,HblX>>
Xapa,KTe-
pHCTHK Tpy6KH, TaK KaK aneapTypa, yope,1HHa 3HaieHHe BpKOCTH BAOJIb CTpO-
KH, yMeHbulaeT K03 (~(~HuHeHT . MOAYJISPBHH nepeAaBaeMOro CHPHaJIa. F109TOMy
Tpy6Ka, C fHIHYH[HM IIBTHOM KOHe4HbNX pa3MepoB, no)jO6Ha 9JIeKTpH'IeCKOMy
TpaKTy C orpanH9eHHON HOJIOCON ' aCTOT.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
.aim npaBHJIbHO1i OIXeI-T-KH B03H'HKaIOdnsX npH 3arFHCH HCKa}Ke-
HHcf HeO6XOQIHMO 6oJlee noApo6HO pacOMOTpeTb, KajKHMH Xa'paKTe-
pHCTHKaMH oL1eHHBaeTCSI Ka1.eCTBO 3anmCH H Ka'me (paKTOpbI B
npouecce nepeAaIIIH Ha HHX CHJIbHee BCerO BJIHSIIOT.
B TeJIemerpHH Ka'IeCTB0 3anHCH (pOTOrpaMM M04KHO 0IZeHHTb
CJieAyIOu1HM'H Xapa'KTepHCTHKaMH:
1. Pe3KOCThIO 'rpaHHAU omcggera na'paMeTpa.
2. BeJIHtiHHOI3 CAB-Hera MecTOnO'JIO)KeHHx rpaHHUbI (YTCUeTa BAOJIb
JIHHHH 'pa3BepTKH OTHOCHTeJlbHO nOJIOQKeHHSI, CoOTBercTByio Ije'ro
HCTHHHOMy 3'HaileHH10 nepeAaBaeMOro napaMeTpa B AaH,HbiH MO-
McHT
BpeMeHIH.
3.
CTeneHJ IO
BJIHB'HHH nOMeX.
4.
HajIHRIHeM
''Heo6XoAnmoro qHcaia BCnoMoraTeJibHbIX H Map-
KHpYIOIUHX OTMeTOK.
Pe3iKOCTb rpaHHubi oTC'YeTa napaMeTpa onpeAeJIHeTCx BellxWla-
HOI3 30HbI pa'3MbITOCTH nepexoj a OT C;BeTJi'OrO K TeMHOMy,Ha nJIen-I-
Ke B MOMeHT npHxoAa CHrHaJIa. OT Hee, Cyllje'CTBeHHO, 3alBlICHT
TO'tIHOCTb OTc*rera noKa3aHHI3. H AeKcTBHTeJIbHO, iqeM McHbn.Ie 30-
Ha pa3MbITOCTH, TeM TOoIHee MO)KeT onepaTOp, cuamaIoaui1%I noKa-
3a,HHH, OnpeAeJIHTb T021Ky OTCtjeTa Ha n. ieHKe H, cJIeAOBaTeJIbHO,
BeJIHtIHiHy 3armca,HHOrO napaMempa.
B03HIHKHoBeHHe cABHra MecTOn,OJIOi}KeH,HH rpa'HHIjbI OwIeTa
MO?KeT npOHCXOAHTb 'H3-3a MHOrHX npHXIHH. TaK, 3JIe'KTpH'ileCKH%I
Tipa'KT M0)KeT c03.AaBaTb Taxo CABHr 3a c IeT pa3JIH'tlHOH nepeAa-
WIH 4pOHTOB HMnYJIbCOB nepeAa'BaeMOro' napa,MeTpa H O'nopHOro
CHrHaJIa. 3J1eKTpoHHo-JlyTleBa,H Tpy6Ka MOSKeT C03Aa'BaTb CABar
rpaH'HIubI 3a cqeT,H3'MeHeHHH AHameT'pa rIH'niyHIerO,IIRT'Ha npH pa3-
JI'H'LIHbIX HanpmK'eHHHX Ha MOAyJISITope, a Ta'K)Ke 3a Ct4 T HeJIHHe'i1-
HOCTH H IJIOXO' I yCTOH'tlHBOCTH C14HXpOHH3alIJ1H'H pa3B'epTKH.
O6beKTHIB, npOeKTH'pyB nHulyLI1,'ee nsITHO T'py'6KH Ha fJIeHKy,
MO}KeT Co3AaBaTb noAO'6Hbie reoMeTpwlecKHe HCKa]KeHHH H3-3a
a6eppau'HH AHCTOPCHH.
06nI,Hx CABHr MecTonoJI04KeH,HSI rpaHHI[bI oTCtieTa, Bbr3,Ba'HHbIH
B&CeMH nep'e"rHtJIetHHbIMH H ApYnMH TIOAO(yHbIMH n'pHgHHaMH,, C03-
AaeT a6coJnoTHylo OnIH$KY "npH OTC''IeTe noKa3a;HHI3 naipaMeTpa.
B TeJIeMeTpIH B KOHetiHOM HTore Ba)KHa TOLIHOCT'b oT'cgeTa
napaMerpa H, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, TITO, npHMe'hHH aOCTaT01IHO BbICO'K,Ie
CKOPOCTH pa3BepTOK Ha 3KPaHaX TPy60K, MO}KHO 'a6ecne2inTb He-
06XOA'HMYIO TORIHOCTb, He YtIHTbIBaH an'epTypHbTX 'HCKa'XKeHHI3 11
narpenlxacTel omcxIera.
OAHaKO npHMeHeHHe noao6HbIX pa3BepTOK BCTpe4IaeT iIZeJIbiA
p5A Tpy.I HOCTeI , 3aCTa'BJIHIOMHWX OTKa3aTbCH OT FIX H'CnOJIb30'Ba-
HHH. fIp1MepoM iIlO;AO6HbIX TpyA'HOCTeY1 MOX} eT CJIY)KHTb:
T
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
1. Pe3K0e yMeHbLHeHHe HPKOCTH nHIIIymero IIHTHa 3a CtIeT
MaJloro BpeMe'HH BO36y}KjeHHH JIIOM'HHO)CpOpa 3!KpaHa Tpy6KH.
YBeJIH'LIHTb HpKOCTb fHHlyluero lHTHa 3a CtieT nOBbIIIIeHHSi tiaC-
TOTbI HOBTopeHHH CHrHaJIa IDpH 3TGM HeJIb3H, TaiK KaK }KeJIaTeJlb-
HOCTb 3afHCH B03M03KHO 6OJIbIIIerO gHCJia napaMeTpoB (HJIH yBC-
JlHtieH'He AaJIbHOCTH .i(efCTBHH CHCTeMbI) OPpaiH'H'I'HBaeT tlaCTOTy
UHKJIO'B 3anucH.
2. TpyAHOCTH Co3AaHH'H 6bICTpblX JIHHeIiHbIX pa3BepTO'K c 60JIb-
IIiHMH aMrIJIHTy!jaMIH H MaJIbIM BpeMeHeM 061paTHOrO XOAa H T. i.
;[Jiff HpaBHJIbHOti OI.eHKH oIILH'60K, B03HHKaIOu1:HX np,H nepeAa-
qe CHrHajia m AeLHH(pp0!BKe (~OTorpaiMM, Heo6X0','jHMo 6oJiee noA-
po6HO paccMOTpeTb HpoueCC BOCHpoH3BeaeHHH Ha HJIeHKy (~OTO-
McTpHtIeCKOI3 HPKOCTH 3OHbI pa3MbITOCTH OT TeMHOrO K CBeTJIoMy,
noJly4aio1jeIiCH Ha 3KpaHe Tpy6KH B MOMeHT HpHxO,ga HMnyJIbca
CHrHajia. Ha nJIeHKe IipIi 3TOM, eCTeCTBeHHO, TaK}Ke AOJI?KHa n0
JIytIHTbCH Ka'KaH-TO 30Ha pa3MbITOCT14, nO'tiep'HeHHe TOtie:K KOTOpo'YI
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OT 3KCn03HHHH H, TeopeTHtIeCKH, M03KeT Me!HHTbCSI OT HyJIH Ao Bc-
JIHtIHHbI 'MaxdHMaJIb'Horo AHaMeT'pa nuuiyu1,eio HHTHa (puc. 1) .
206
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha pHC. 1 aaH rpaurHK .KpH'BOi1 (a B Ta6JIHLJe 13HageHHA, no-
JIyqeHHbie 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHo) pacnpeAe'JIeHHH HpKOCTH nO 1 eHT-
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H HO'pMHpOBaHbI, TO eCTb MaKCHMaJIbHO'e 3Ha'qeHHe HpKO'CTH
B, (0)=1.
0,51 11 1,5 I 2 12,51 31 3,5
0,9910,961 0,875
0,610,44
i
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nHTe,H.
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MaTb no AHa'MeTpOM n'Hmylgero n5THa H Ka,KHe OIIIH6KH OH BHO-
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npH pacqeTax iB TeJIenHfeHHH n'p,H'HHTO yCJIOBHO npnHHMaTb
gHaMeTp nHTHa, pa3HbIM H3MepeHHOMy 'Ha ypOBHe e OT MaKCI?i-
MaJIb'HOI3 HpK'OCTH B Kp-H'BOfI pacnpeAeJleHHB Hlp,KOCTH BI(x').
B psue pa6oT [2] CKa13aHo, 'ITO AJIH CTaTH'tieCKHX Tpy6OK BeJIH-
YHHa 3TOP0 AHa'MeTpa OCTaeTC'H TIOCTOH'HHOriI npH H3MeHe'HHiH Ha-
npsi eHHH Ha MOAyJIHTOpe. H AeIicTBHTe.IbHO, AJIH 6OJIbIIIHHICT'Ba
CTaTH'tieOKH'X 3JIeKTpOHHo-JIy'Ye'BbIX Tpy60K B'eJImI'HHa Ji$aMeTpa
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HOII, TO paCTe'T C pOCTOM HanpHaceHHH Ha MOAYJIHTOpe (B He,KOTO-
pOII O6JIaCTH HanpH}KeHHII) He3HatrHTeJIbHo (!pHC. 3 KpHBaH a).
OA'HaKO 6bIJI-O 6bI OIIIH60tIHO B Te.IeMeTpHH fOJIb3'OBaTbCH TaKHM
n'OHHTHeM AHaM-empa n'STHa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BH3yaJIbHoe Ha6JTIOJieHHe H c4OT'orpacpHPo13aHHe naryuiero
IISITHa 3JIeKTpoHHO-JIyTIeBOIi Tpy6KH y6e}K1laIOT HaC B TOM, TITO
JIHaMeTp n9THa BeCbMa 3Ha'IHTeJIbHO paCTeT C POCTOM Hanp9}KeHi:I9
Ila MojyJI5Tope.
fplTiHHy BToro 9BJIeHH9 JIerKO 06b9CHHTb, ecJIH COBMeCTHO
pacCMOTpeTb 3aCiBe';HBa}oHJee Jeff-CTB'He n9THa Tp'y6KH H HaCTy-
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BH3KHOrO .1719THa, Co3J1a'BaeMoro Tpy6Koli, Ha (pOTo'nJIeHKy. gJI9
H'pOCTOTbI HOJIO)1KHM, ITO -ero J1HaMeTp d, He McH9eTC9 npH H3Me-
HeHHH 'Hanp9}KeHH9 Ha MOJIyJIHTOpe.
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TH, TO 3aKOH pacHpe11eJIeHH9 Ho'lepHeHH9 nJIeHKH OTpaxcaJI 6b1
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MOAyJI5TOpe it TaKa9 BeJIHTIHHa de 6bIJIa 6bI n'pxeMJIeMa n'pH pac-
TIeTaX. O,jHaKO, KaK H3BeCTHO [4], no'le'pHeaae nJIeHKH B O'6JIaCTH
HO!pMaJIbHbIX H'O'iepHeHHI3 H'pOHOp11HOHaJIbHO Jzoeapu /'A y 9PKOCTH
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Ha pacnpeaeJIeHH9 9pKOCTH, a nO3TOMy H BeJIHTIHHa AHaMeTpa
n9THa Ha YPOBHe e B KPHBOfi nOYePHeHH9 HpH H3MeHeHHH Ha-
Hp9}Ke'HH9 Ha MOJfyJIHTOpe He 6yaeT nOCT0I9'HHa. FI09CHHM 9TO
rpac)HTIecKH. H30'6pa3H'M (pac. 2) K'pHBble pacnpeJjeJIeHH9 (~OTO-
McTp'HeIeCKOII 9PK0'CTH B(x) ,r isi KaKHx-JIH60 aB'yX 3Ha'TIeHHN Ha-
np9]K'eHH9 Ha MOJIyJIHTOIpe U. Bbl-6epe'M U2=2UI. IIPH 3TOM MaK-
CHMaJIbHOe 3HaTIe'HHe Kp'HBO}I B2 6yaeT B J1Ba pa3a 6OJibnle MaKCH-
MaJIb'HO'ro 3HaTIeHH9 Kp'HBO'LI BI, TaK KBK Ha OCHOBa'HHH 3K'Cne'pH-
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xapaKTep':H3yeT CBe'TTe'HHe HHTHa Tpy6iKH. MoJIy.iiituHO'H'HyiO xapaK-
TepHCTHKy T'py6'KH MbI CTIHTaeM JIH'He'II'HO'II.
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CHMaJIbH0i3 'BeJIHgHIHbI 9PKOCTH, AJI9 O6eax -KPHBbIX O'7,'HHaKO,Ba H
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HHII cpoTOMeTpH'TIeCK01I 9PKOCT'H BI H B2 (KpHBb1e SI H S2).
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YpOBeHb 3TONI Haga.IbHof 9pKOCTH 3aBH,cHT OT 3,KC'n03Hi HH H MO-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
)KeT &ITb 'Bbl6pa!H B HaIIIeM !pa0CMO'Pp'eHHH Ha K'pHBO13 pacnpeAe-
JIeHHH Hp'KOCTH B (x') npOH3'BOJIbHO (KoHe't1Ho, AJIH a6eHX KpHBbIX
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ypoBHe e NO KpHBbIM nOMepHeHHH SI H S2, HeOAHHaKOBbI H paB-
HbI cOOTBeTCTB'eHHo de (SI) H de (S2). lpHMeM de (S2)>de (Si).
PHC. 2. KpHBble 4)OTOMCTpH4eCKOFA ApKOCTH HenOABH)KHOI'O nY48 H COOT-
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HHH Ha Mo,L yJIHTOpe JIerKO O6'bHCHHeTCH H (~H3H4eCKH, TaK KaK
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(H, cJIeooBaTeJIbHO, yBeJIH'LIeHHeM a6COJIIOTHOI3 HpKO'CTH n'HTHa)
Ta'KaH MHHHMaJIbHaH HpKOCTb B n5THe Tpy6KH 6yaeT OTOAB'HraTbCH
K nepH4 epHH ngTHa, 3aCBeti.HBaH 6oriee yilaJleH'Hble OT ueHTpa
14 Tpynb 209
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
n5ITHa y'1aCTKH. MaKCuMaJlbHoe }Ke noTlepHeHHe (nponop,uHO'Ha 7b-
Hoe JlorapHcJMy Hp'KOCTH) pacTeT He Ta'K 6bICT'PO,, TITO H BbI3bI-
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MepleMOro no KpHBOH noTlepHe-
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dull f(U): a - AHaMCTp Ha ypoB- I'ICHOJIb3VH 3T0 HOHSITHe r Ha-
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CH`MOCTH dR?=f(U) Tpy6KH THna 13.11037 ?1JI5I TpeX pa3JIHUHbIX
3HaTIeHHH 'HanaJIbHOH MHHHMaJIbHOH 5TPKOCTH B,,,,. npH'T-ieiM 9KenO-
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pOBaJIOCb Ha rIJIejHKy C rIOCTO1HHOH 9KCn03HUHe'H H BeJIHTIHHa jUHa-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
McTpa nHITHa 3aMepHJIaCb He'nOCpe.(CTBeHHO no H306pa}Ke1HIo;
6) npoH3BOAHJIOCb (f)'OTOMeTpI3'pOBaHHe (cneAHaJibHbIM npH60-
poM) pacnpeJjelI'eHH5I 51'PKOCTH no fHTHy H '6pajic.9 oTCtieT Ha no-
CTO'$THHOM ypoB'He, CoO(rBeTCTByIOIUeM KaKOMy-To ypOB'HIO Brun.
O6a McTojja AaJIH II'paKTHtIeCKH COBnaaalom,He pe'3yJIbTaTbl.
PaccMaTpHBaH TeopeTHtlecKHe Kp'HBble 3aBHCHMOCTH d?n=f (U),
MO)KHO CAeJ1aTb cJleJjyIoul.He BblBOAb1:
1. gHaMePp nHHlyul.ero nmITHa 3ecbMa CHJIbHO 3aBH'CHT OT Ha-
npH)KeHHSi Ha MOAyJI51TOpe H B 'pa6otleM aHana3o'He H3'MeHe'HHSl
HanpH)K HHH (10-20 8) McHHeTC$ Ha 35-40%.
2. Ma'Kci Ma.IbHaHI BeoH'tI'HHa AHa!MeTpa (npH JHo6oII 9KCn03H-
IjHH) He MO)KeT npeBbICHTb BeJIHgHHbI MaKCHMaJIbHO,PO AHa'MeTpa
nHU1ymero fHTHa b H TOJIbKO CTPeMHTC51 K He'i'I H'pH yBeJIH4e'HH'H
Hanp$I)KeHHH Ha MOJ[yJISITope.
EcJIH pacOMOTp.eTb xo a peaJlbxbIX KPHBbIx d,,,, = f (U) , TO
MO)KHO OTMeTHTb AOB-OJIbH-o Xoporee CoBnaAeHHe B o6JIaCTH Ma-
JIbrx (10-20 8) aMnJIHTy.. HanpH)KeHHH Ha Mo.gyJISITop:e m B'ecHMa
3Ha'gHTeJlbHoe OTJIH'l'He B o6JIaCTH 6OJIbUIHx aMfJIHTyA. BoJiee
6bICTpOe B03paCTa'HH'e JI.HaMeTpOB HHUIyUI,HX IIHTeH B peaJlbHOM
CJ1ytIae o6-bHCH3IeTC51 CJIeA'yIODUIMH aByM.I (JaKTopaMH:
a) HaJIHgHeM CpaKTa pe3KO'r0 yB'e.PHtIeHHSI a6COJIIOTHbIx pai3Me-
POB n5lTHa T'py'6KH npH yBeJIH4eHHH Hanp5l3KeHH51 Ha MoAyJIHTOpe;
6) HeJIHHe1HOCTb1O MQAyJI5lAH0HHOIf Xapa'KTepHCTHKH TPy6KH,
KoTOpaH He yqHTbIBaeTCH n'pH nocTpoeH'H'H TeOlpeTHtIecKHX KpHBbIX.
B CB513H C 9THM B 06JIaCTH 60JIb1IHX aMnJIHTyA HanpH Ke-
HHH U peajlbHbie KpHBble CTPeM51TCH He K rOpH3OlHTaJIbHO1i fl1 -
MOii, a K KpHBOi3 b'm, riO'Ka3bI'BaIOJ I,efI 3aBHCHKMOCTb p'oCTa Ma'KCH-
MaJibHOiro AHaMeT'pa nHU1yu1;eP0 nwITHa C pOCTOIM Bo36y}KAaIOdljelrO
Hanp5I)KeHH51. rl'pHBeJjeHHble BbIIIIe Kp'HBble PHC. 3 noJl'yllaIOTC51 B
TOM cJlytlae, eCJIH JI3II Tp'y6KH C~OKy'CH'Py'eTCH Ha Ka3KJjOM yp'OBHC
no'JjBO,jIHMO'FO MOAyJIHpyIOMBPO Han'pl}Ke'HHSI.
Bocnp0H3Be,i1,eHHe Ha naleHKe nepexoILHON XapaKTepHCTHKH
Tpy6KH; 3aBHCHMOCTb 01UH60K CJI,asi Ka,,Kx)A noc.me.[yfolueA KppB61, ;B339Ta B Ba pa3a 60JIbine
npe1 bU yIH.eii.
BT(t') 0 0,005 0,02 0,07 1 0,17 0,32 0,50,6810,83i0,9310,98 0,995
II p H M e q a H H e. OAHO AeneHHe t' COOTBeTCTByeT 0,076 mm.
3a HaIIaJIbHyio 3KCHO3H4HIO HPHHSITO BpeMi t3, = 1, KOTO-
pOe Heo6XoJHMo AJIH TOto, IITO6bI MaKCHMaJIbHaH HpKOCTb
HepeXOAHOFO y11aCTKa BT(T) = I Co3,11,aJIa MHHHMaJIbHOe HO-
,iepHeHHe SMUK=O:
S,HUK =1g [BT(T) ? t30] = Ig 1 =0. (2)
,IZJISI KpHBOII I piic. 5 3KCHO3H4H51 yseJiHgexa BABOe
t31 =2 H, cne.oBaTeJIbHo, MHHHManbxoe HOIIepHeHHe 6yaeT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
COOTBe?CTBOBaTb KoopltH}TaTe t;, r.iie (4oTOMeTpH4ecka Hp-
KOCTb cnaAaeT BABoe, TO eCTb
BT (ti) = 1 = 1 .
t,l 2
Flo rpa(1HKy nepeXO.aHOF xapaKTepHCTHKH (pHc. 4) iIpKOCTb
B(t)=0,5 COOTBeTCTByeT TOi1Ke C KOOP)UIHaTOF t=6.
AJIH KPHBO t 2 3KCn03HUHH t,,=4; BT(t2) = 0,25 H t2=4,56
H T. A.
,LlaHHbie KPHBbIX nOqepHeHHH S= f (t') pnC. 5 CBe.eHbt B
Ta6JIHUy 3.
1 2
3
4
5
6 7
8 9 10
11 12
is
1
0
2
0 0,134
0,22 0,27 0,292
0,3 0,301
4
8
0,135
0, 108
0,408
0,3010,435,
0,6020,736
0,5210,5710,593
0,873 0,872 0,874
0,6 0,602
0,9 0,903
16
0,05
0,435
0,71
0,9031,037
1,124 1,172 1,195
1,201 1,204
32
0,35
0,736
1,01
1,205 1,337
1,424 1,474 1,495
1,503 1,505
64 0,108
0,552
1,038
1,312
1,506 1,64
1,726
1,804 1,806
128 0,408
0,952
1,338
1,613
1,8071,94
2,0272,0752,099
2,1052,108
256 0,108 0,71
1,253
1,64
1,914
2,1082,24
2,3282,3772,4
2,406 2,408
Ha KPHBbIX pHC. 5 gepTOgKaMH orpaHHqeHa 30Ha pa3MbI-
TOCTH SS, H3MepseMaH BpeMeHeM, B TelieHHe KOTOpOrO notIep-
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(4yHKUHH B 3aBHCHIMOCTH OT 3oKcn03HIII.HH:
1. IIOJIO)KeHHSI Hagajia 3OHbI p83MbITOCTH Ha IJIeHKe
N = f (te).
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
3a HaLiaJIO 3OHbI HPHHS1Ta KOOp.i[HHaTa, rae HOLIepHeHHe
,gOCTHraeT BeJIHLIHHbj S=O,I.SMQxe.
2. OTHOCHTeJIbHOc BeJIHYHHbI 3OHbI pa3MbITOCTH Tp= f (t,),
noJIy4aeMOIi KaK OTHOIHeHHe T, K BeJIHLIHHe aHaMeTpa HHT-
Ha de:
tiS
de
3. OTHOCHTe.1IbHOk BeJIHLIHHbI 0 111360K c1jBHra
paBHOfi OTHOHIeHHIO:
(3)
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eSx (4)
d
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HOJIy'IaIOHjerOCH HpH yBeJIHLIeHHH HaUIpmKeHHH
Ha Mo,liyJISITope (H, cne.z oBaTeJIbxo, HpoHOptji-IO-
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Ha pHC. 6 HpeuCTaBJIeHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH N = f (t3), c,=f(t3)
H a,r = f (t,), HOCTpOeHHble no aaliHbIM KPHBbIX pHC. 5. H3Me-
HeHHe HaUP 1?KeHHH Ha MO.$yJI51TOpe -ioJIaraJIocb naBHbIM
K,=2, K2=4, K3=8.
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BOJjbI. B o6JIaCT11 MaJIbPX 3KCH03HIjHIi Ha6JIIOJjaeTCH pe'3KOe H3Me-
HeHHe BeJIHLIHHbI OTHOCHTeJIbH,0II 30HbI pa3MbITOCTH Tp (OT HyJIH,
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oHi16KH CJjBlira, BO3HHiKaIOil He npB KOJIe6aHHH ?HanpxxceHHH Ha
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
MQAyARTOpe. Tax, npu HtIeHHm Hanpx7Kerxx Ha MoAy lwTope
B x=4 pa3a, cABHr rpaHMubI oTcgeTa Mo)KeT AOCTHraTb BeJIHTIH-
HbI d e.
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Tp?`
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f(t9) AiA Tpy6KH Tina 13JI.037.
OT CBeTJIOrO K TeMHOMy 3AeCb HaMeHbUIaH. OAHaKo 6OJIblime
oiu,H6KH CABHra Hp,H HeCTa66HJIbHOH aMnJIHTyue cHrHaJia H OnaC-
HOCTb nOJI'HOI'O HC'LIe3'HaBeHH5I 3anHcH apH CJ1y.IaIH'H0M yMe'HblIIeH'HH
cHrxaJla, 9KOH03auHH HJIH KaKHX-JIH6o apyrHX npHT1HH (npoHBJIe-
HHH) AeJIa1OT 3Ty o6JIacTb 3KCII03HUHfi Heaoduoti Aim pa6OTbI.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
O6JIaCTb 6oJIbIIIHX 3KCnO3HgHH TaK}Ke Hey.no6Ha JgJISI pa60TbI,
TaK Ka!K He3HagHTeJIbHbI13 BblHrpblm HpH oTCLIeTe HOKa3aHHI3 3a
CLIeT yMeHbIHeHHSI OHIH6OK CJj'BHTa (0THOCHTeJIbH0 o6JIaCTH cpeJj-
HHX 3KCHO3HIjHH) HepeKpblBaeTCSi ripOHrpbIIHeM H3-3a yBeJI'HLIemm
30HbI pa3MbITOCTH. KpoMe Toro, HpH 6OJIbHIHx 3KCHO3HRHgX B03-
HHKaIOT 60JIbIIIHe HoLlepHeHHg, H HoHIBJIHeTCSI OrIaCHO!CTb yXojja c
JIHHeflHoro yqaCTKa XapaKTepHCT'H'IeCKOI1 'Kp'HBOI HJIeHKB H Hepe-
XOJj B o6JiacTb nepe1Iep)KeK, LIT'0 BHe'CeT JjO'HOJI'H'HTeJIbHble HCKa}Ke-
HHSI B 3anHCb.
Bbl6op 06JIaCTII HaHJIyrlIHHX 3KCHO3HuHH" H pactleT OIIIH-
6oK oTCLIeTa HapameTpa y.go6Hee Bcero HpOH3BO,ijHTb Ho rpa-
()HKaM MaKCHMaJIbHbIX OHIH60K OTCgeTa so (so H3MepHeTCH B
HpoueHTaX de), KOTOpble MOryT 6bITb HOCTpoeHbl HO KPH-
BUM ZP =f (t3) H EK =f (te)?
so = aTp + s" (5)
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Ijecca .IjeHIH(ppOBKH (yBeJIHLIeHHe ()OTOrpaMM, OHbIT
JjeHIH(ppOBHwHKa H T. H.).
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MOJjyJISITOpe BbIXOJ1HOrO yCTpOF41CTBa MO}KeT Me'HHTbCSI B LIeTbI'pe
pa3a H onepaTOp - ieum(p'pOBLUHK 'OHpeaeJlsleT rpaHHlj'y OTCLIeTa
HapaMeTpa C TOLIIIOCTbIO JO TpeTH 30HbI pa3MbITOCTH (a=I/3), TO
MaKCHMaJIbHaH OIIIH'6Ka OTCLIeTa co MO)KeT 6bITb BbILIHCJIeHa no
(popMyJie:
so= ZPd- e
3 Kf
(6)
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JIeH Ha 'pHC. 6 ('KpHBasI Eo). KaK BH)jHO H3 HOJIyLIe'HHOfI KpHBOI3,
O6JIaCTb HpIIeMJIeMbIX 3KCHO3HUHH JjOBOJIbHO HIHpOKa, a HaHMeI-[b-
wIle oHIH6KH B oTC'LIeTe HOKa3aHHiI 6yJjyT Tama, KOr)ja Hatailo
rpaHHljbl notepHeHHIi 6Y2eT H'p'HXO'JIHTbCSI Ha o16JIaCTb ne'pexo1jHoI
xapa'KTepHCTHKH C KOOpJ[HHaTaMH t'.--3 =4.
I43MeHeH'He K'OJIHgeCT'Ba OC'Bell CHHH IIJIeHKH H rlpn HeH3MeH-
HOIi 3KCH0'3HIjHH 3aBHC114T OT H3MeHe'HH5i BeJIHLIHHbI MCHO'BeHHOIi
Hp'KOCTH HSITHa Tpy'6KH, 3aBHC5IHjec B CBOIO o IepeJjb OT HarIpH)Ke-
HHH Ha ero MOgyJISITOpe. FIO3TOMy O'Cb a6CIUH'C'c pHe. 6 MO')KHO pac-
CMaTpHBaTb, KaK OCb MO'J[yJIHpyIOHjHX HafpsxteHHH H C'LIHTaTb OT-
KJIOHeHHH E, KaK odll'H6Ky, B03HHKaIOIIjyIO ITJYH KOJI'e6aHH5X aMHJIH-
T'yJjbI BXO1lHOrO CHrHa.Ia.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
3xai 3aKOH BT (P) H BbItIHCJIHB BenHgmibI '!:p H FK, MOSKHO ,l(JIR
JIIO6OH TeJIeMeTpWIeCKOH CHCTeMbI paCJCqHTaTm BO3'HIHiKaiouJHe
OIIIH6KH B oTC,qeTe nOKa3aHHH, 06H3aHHble CBOHM npOHCXOMKAeHHeM
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JIeHHe 9HeprHH no CeTIeHHAM pa3JIaraIo'II1;HX 9JIeMeHTO,B: 06'beKTH-
Ba, nepeAaio uef H n~pxeMHOI3 Tpy60K, a TaK?Ke na'paMeTpbl 3JIeK-
TrINeCKOrO Ka'HaJia, c pos T nepexOAHyIO xapaKTep'IHCTH!K'y TeJie-
BH3HOHHOH CHCTeMbI (pHC. 7, KPHBaH 1) npeACTaBJIHK)myio co6oH
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UHn anepTypHOA KoppeKUHH B TeJie-
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IIPH nepeAaLIe npeAeJIbHO pe3KOx rpaHHUbI TeMHO-CBeTJIOrO IOJIH,
{1]. CpeAHHH KpyTH3Ha 3TOI3 XapaKTepHCTHKH HenOCpeACTBeHHO
oTpa3KaeT BeJIH'IHHy H xapaxTep HCKa}KeHHIi, BHOCHMbIIX TeJIeBH-
3HOHHOH cHcTeMOH.
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CTeMbI, TeM McHbine 6yAeT 30Ha pa3'MbITOCTH, TeM Bbilue 6yAeT
Ka'HeCTBO TeJIeBH3HOHHOH nepeaaTlH. gJISI HOBbIHIeHHSI KpyTH'3'HbI
9TOH KIHCxQ,II;HOH> xapaKTepHCTH'KH B TpaKT nepeaaHH BKJHOYaIOT
ABa AOfOJIHIHTeJIbHbIX KoppeKTHpylODUIJX tIeTbIpGX?IOniocHHKa, OAH'H
H'3 KOTOph1X CJIy3KHT JYJHI Bbipa'BH0BaHHA no JAHanaaouy YacTOTHOR
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
xapaKTepHCTHKH, APyrOII - AJIH HCHpaBJIeHH51 C03RasaeMblx Hpn
KOppeKiHH 4la3o'BbIX HCKa3KeH'HII [3].
HepBbIii TIeTbIpeXHOJIIOCHHK HMe'eT HepexoAHylo XapaKTe'p'HCTH-
Ky c 60JIbIHHM HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIM Bb16pOCOM H C 6o,,iee KO'pOTKHM
BpeMeHeM yCTaHO'BJIeHHH, TIeM V HepeXOAHOIf xapaKTe'pHCTHKe CHCT -
MbI (pHC. 7, KpHBa51 3) He, onyCTHMO 6oJIbIHOIi HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIM
Bb16poc (HpiMepHO 30%), KOTOpbIfI H CHHMKaeTCSI ao AOHyCTHMOri
Be.IHgHHbI (HpaMe'pH0 5%) ripaiMeHeHHeM BTOporo KoppeKTHpylo-
mero TIeTbIpeXHOJIIOCHHKa, COCTOSIHjerO H3 orIpeaeJIeHHOrO COT1eTa-
HHSI (jJa30BbIX KOHTypOB, He'pexoAHas1 Xa'paKTepH'CTIIKa KOTOpOP0
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KHM O6pa30M, HOJIygaeTCSI C 60JIbWeiI KpyTH3HOH OTHOCHTeJIbHO
KHCXOAHOII> (XOTiI H McHblleil, TieM V KCKOppeKTHpOBaHHOfi>) H
o6J{ajaeT AOHyCTHMbIMH noJIO}KHTeJIbHbIMH H OTpi4uaTeJIbHbIMH BbI-
6pocaMH ('pH'c 7, KpHBaH 5).
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IIpHMep, McTOA aJlre6paHTIeCKOTo CyMMHp'O'BaHHH COCTaBJISIIOHI,HX)
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u eII TIaCTH 3a cgeT HOJIO}KHTeJIbHbIX Bb{6pOCOB CHrHaJ{a.
,LJISI TeJIeMeTpHTlec'KHx CHCTeM B HOA06Hble McToJbl pacTieTa H
OUeHKY HoJIyTIeHHbIX pe3yJlbTaTOB HeO6xoJjaMo 'B'HeCTH CyHjecTBeH-
Hble KoppeKTHBbl.
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CTeM, KaK HpaBHJIO, Tpy6Ka Ao npHxoAa CHrHaJIa 3arie'pTa m, cjIeAo-
BaTeJIbHO, B MO'Me11T HpHXoAa CHrHaJ{a H3M0HeHHe 51PK'OCTH Ha
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OTpRIjaTeJlbHbIN CHPHaJI, KOTO'PbIII JOJDKe.H CHH3HTb HaTIajibHyio
51pKOCTb Ha He'pexojulo i XapaKTepaCTHKe. (DH311TiecKH 3TO Heo'Cy-
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peKuHx arepTypHbrX HCKa}KeH'HII Tpy'6KH MO)KeT 6bITb oCyHjeCTBJIe-
Ha TOJIbKO 3a CTIeT HOJIO}KHTeJIbHOPO Bb16poca B CHTHaJIe Ha MO-
AyJIHTOpe H HpH OI[eHKe HOJI_ygaIoIIJePocH BbIHrpbilia B KpyTHSHe
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
(HaAO ytIHTbIBaTb TOJIbKO (KC'KOppeKTHpOBa'HHy1o)xapalKTepH-
CTH'Ky) .
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paCOMOTpeHHH n'epeXOAOB OT tlep'HOrO K CB'eTJIO,My.
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yao6Ho. Ha n'paKTHKe BepXHHI3 HpeAeJi TpyAHO noMaeTCH O'PC9e-
TY np'H pacUJIT(Y'pOBKe. Heo6xogHMo BeCTH OTCqeT HO ypOBHHM
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XOAHOPO yuaCTKa.
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mero HHT'Ha dnn, a He IIOCTOH'HHbI'H lHaMeTp d e.
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KH, 3aKJIruLIaIOIIJy}OCH B TOM, 'ITO CHPHaJIbI Ha ee M,oAyJISITOpe H'Me-
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KOHICTPYKUHH npeJunaraeM'OH 9JIeKTpOHHO-JIy'IeBOH Tpy6KH HH-
1 M He 'OTJIHgaeTCSI OT KOH'CTpy'KuHH O6bIIIHbIX BJIeKTpocTaTHtiec'KHX
Tpy6oK, 3a HCKJIIO'tIeHHeM ,10flO'JIHHTeJIbH00H naphi OTKJIOHBIOII1,HX
nJIaCTHH, fOMemeHHbIX Ha OC'H Tpy6KH Jto O6bIgHbPX nJIaCTH'H H
paCnOJIO)KeHHbIX napajuieJIbHO ropH30HTaJIbHO-OTKJIOH5IOIIU!M nJia-
CTHHaM Tpy6KH (pHc. 8-a).
EcJr B HHJuHKaTope HeT Heo6xo.r HMOC'TH B ?OTKJIOHeHHH .iyqa
nonepeK JIHHHH -pa3BepTK'H, TO KOHCTpyKUHK) Tpy6KH MO)KHO yn'poC-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
TIITb, nOBe'pHyB B 06bItlHOTi Tpy6Ke BePTHKaJIb'HO-'OTKJIOH5II0 e
njlacTHHbI Ha 90? H HOJICTaBHB HX napaJIJIeJIbHO TOpH30HTaJIbHbIM
(pH'c. 8-6).
JaJISI noJIygeHHSI Ha 3K''paHe TBK0'f3 Tpy6KH ytlaCTKa pa3!BepTKn
C 3aMeJ1JIeHHOII (fOBbIIIIeHHOTI) CKOpOCTbIO, ,gOCTaTOIIHo B Hy3KHbIIi
MoMeHT noJ1aTb Ha J10HOJIHHTejibHyIO napy nJ1aCTHH n'HJIOo6pa3Hoe
Hanp}nKeHHe HeO6XO,Z HMOTI aMnJIHTyJIbI B npoTHBolJa3e C OCHOB-
HbIM pa3BepTbIBaIOMHM Hanp5DK'eHHeM, aeI CTByIOIHHM Ha 06b1'Y-
HbIX OTKJIOH5110LIAHX fJIaCTHHax. floj J1e1CTBHeM n0JIeTI J1ByX nap
OTKJIOHHIOLL(HX HJIaC'THH 3JIeKT'pOHHbIIi JIygI Ha1IHeT OTKJIOHHTbCR
Mej1JIeHHee (6bICTpee), CO3J1aBaH 3aMeJIJIeHHbITi ytlaCTOK pa3'BepT-
KH. JjaHHasl CKOpOCTb 6yJ1eT noJLae'p)KHBaTb'cH ao Tex Hop, noKa
PHC. 9. 6AOK-CXeMa YCTpONCTBa, H03Bomuomero no bimaTb Ka-
1eCTB0 3anHCH B TeaeMeTpHH: I - BAeKTpOHHoe peAe, onpeie-
AAroH(ee BpeMH OCTaHOBKHFAyLa, 2- reHepaTOp nHX006pa3HO-
rO Hanp )KeHHA (pa3pcuucaI Aauna), 3- 1 BYXTBKTHbIH yCHAH-
TeJb nHA006pasHoro HanpgweHHA.
J1eHCTByeT HaH'pxx{eHHe Ha J[0rIO.TIIIHTeJIbHO'N nape nJla'CTnn. HO COO
CHHTHH HHJIO06pa3Hor0 HanpslxceHHH C 3TOIi naphi JIyli 6yjieT OT-
KJIOHSITbCff TOJIbKO 3a C'IeT HanpoKe'HHA Ha O6bI'qHbIX OTKJIOHSIIO-
LLI,HX nnaCTi-IHax n IHKaJIa OTC~IeTa TaKHM O6pa30'M AOHOJIHHTeJIb}IO
He HCKa)KaeTCH.
06bIzlHoe H JionojIHHTeJIbHoe pa3BepTbIBaIoIuHe Han'pslxceHHSI
OXeMHO He CBH3a'HbI H, CJIeJ1OBaTeJIbHO, JleriKo n'OJlygafOTCSI H pe-
ryJlnpyfOTCH. Co'oTBeTCTBy10LLle'Ii peryJiHp'o'BKON J ofOJJIHJTeJIbHoro
pa3BepTbIBafonJero HanpH]KeHHSI JIerKO JJOCTHraeTCH OCTaHOBKa
pa3BepTKH.
flpaKTnqeCKII npeo6pa3OBaHHe KO'pOTKOTO IfMrlyJlbCa Cnr-a.la
B He06XOJ1HMble Hanpslx{eHHH MO,}KHO np0H3BeCTH B yCTpOI1CT'Be,
OHHCbIBaeMOM CJIe jyiou eI3 6JI'OK-CXe'MOrt (pIH'C. 9).
f1epBbITI KaCKaJI yCTpOIPCTBa (o6bI'LIHO'e 3JIeKTpoH'HO'e pe.,ie)
yA.TIHHHeT npHIIIe, HJMii CHrHaJI AO He'O6XO,g,HM0 i BeJIHT-IHHbI ('on
OnpejjeJIHeT BpeMSI 3ajlep)KKH JI"a) H noJlaeT ero Ha MOIyJIHTOp.
BTOpOIt KaCKa,g C03J1ae-r nHJI0o6pa3Hoe HaHpmKeHne, B03HH-
Kaloluee B MOMeHT npOXOga CHrHaJIa Ha BX'O,j yCTpO'I3CTBa H Aeii-
CIIBYIOIIjee B TetleHne Bcero BpeMeHH 3aJlepxcKn. CXeMHO -- 3T0
HopMaJIbH'O OTKpbITagg pa3p5IAHa2 JIBMna, 3afHpaioIljaH'C$f OTpnlja-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
TeJIbHbI'M IPMnyJIbCOM 3JIeKTpOHHOrO pe.ie..fI'OJlytieHH'oe n'HJIOO6pa.3-
Hoe HanpSl}KeHHe yCHJIHBaeTCSI RBYXTaKTHbIM yCHJIHTeJieM H no-
cTynaeT Ha .fOnOJlHHTeJIbHy1O na'py OTKJI,OHHIO'IIZHX nJla'cTH!H.
OcO6e'HHOCTbIO CXeMbl SIBJISIeTCH CB513b B Ka'Haae HHJIbI no
rIOCTOIHH'OMy TOKY A J151 yCTpaHeHHH OIII'I36OK B 3alnHCH npH HaJImHH
IHYMOB.
AaHHa l cXeMa 'OCTaHOBKH pa3BePTKH 6blJla npa,KTIPIeCKH BbI-
nOJIHeHa H rIOM'HMO y1Ke yKa3alHHbIX npeuMyu eCTB n'O COKpa'UI,eHHIO
3OHbI pa3MbIT'OCTH o6JiaaaJIa enue H CJIe'AylOIuHMH AOCTOHHCTBaMii.
fIOCTO'HHCTBO Han'pH}KeHHH Ha MQAyJIRTOpe, He3aB'HOHIMo OT aM-
rJi:HTyJ[bI BXO,i[HOPO CH'PHaJIa, C03AaeT O,.AHIHaKoBble yCJIOBHH Ji.ii i OT-
ctleTa CppOHTa KaK Y OHOPHbIX CHrHaJIOB, TaK H y CHrHaJIOB napa-
McTpa, 'ITO CynjeCTBeHHO cH''H}KaeT 0IIIH6KH 3an1CH. YJIy4,nlHJI14Cb
YCJIOBHH q)OKyCHp'OBKH. B o6u1,eM TpaKre CHCTeMbI CXeMbI KOPPeK-
AHH BHAeOKaHaJIa 'MOryT 6bITb Ha,CTpoeHbI TOJIbKO 143 pa'cueTa Kop-
pHeKUHH q)POHTa CHrHaoa, He 3a'6OTHCb 0 Kop'peKulH anepTypHbiX
H'CKa3KeHHH.
K HeAOCTaTKy ja'HHOPO MeTOAa HoBbIuleHHSI KatieCTBa 3anHC''rl
Haao OTHeCTH cpaBHHT'eJlb'HO 6oJIbHIee M'eu1aIOni,ee aeHCTBIHe my-
M'OB. C6oH CHrHaJIa 3a ctleT HMHYJIbCOB noMeX 6yAyT BO CTOJIbKO
pa3 6OJIbuie, BO CKO'JIb'KO BpeMSI OCTaH01BKH pa3BepTKH 6OJlbnie
,II,JIHTeJIb'HOCTH HiMn'yJlbca CHPHaJIa Ha BXOJ[e CHCTeMbI. O}A,HaKO y}Ke
npH He3Ha'trHTeJIbHOM r'peBbIIIIeHHH CHPHaJIa Ha)I 34)i(~)eKTHIBHbIM
3HageHHeM IIIyMa (B 1,5-2 pa3a) MO}KHO Bb16paTb TalKOI3 pa3yM-
HbIH yP'OBOHb orpaHHtieHHH BXOAHOPO C'HrHaJIa no MH'HHMYM'y, tiTO
TeJIeMeTpHlieCKa'SI CHCTeMa C OCTa'HOBKOH JIy'4a 6yAeT 'pa6OTa'rb
BrOJI'H'e yAOBJIeTBO'pHTeJIbHO.
foMexoyCTOH'HBOCTb CHCTe'MbI B 3TO'M cilytiae nOBbI'nIaemcH,
TaK KaK Me3KAY COCeAHHM'H H'MnyJIbcaMH C'HrHaJIa CyluecTByeT
CHJIbHaui KO,ppeJIHI[HOHHaH CBK3b, a OrpaHHtleHHe H3MeHReT (4yH'K-
1.WIO pacnpeAeJleHHSI nIyMO'B TaKHM o6pa3OM, 'ITO HaH60JIee HHTeH-
CHBHaH tiaCTb HIYMOB He MONK T O'Ka3bIBaTb B013,aeH'CTBH51 Ha cii-
CTeMy.
rlpeABapHTeJIbHbie OnbITbl, npOBeAeiHHbie a'BTOpOM nO yJlytlnie-
HHIO Ka'tIeCT'Ba 3anHCH, n03BOJI5TIOT caeJiaTb 3aKJnotieHHe o nep-
cn'eKTHBHOCTH RaHHOr) McTo,D,a KO!p'peKUHH anePTYPHbIX HCKa3Ke-
HH'H 'B Te.ieMePpHH.
1. Sl. A. P bI `+' T H ii, K oueHKe 'pa3pe1UaIOH(eFt Onaco6HOCTH nepeAalOLLU1x
TeJICBH3HOHHbIX Tpy60K, C601pHHK, nOC'BHMCHHbIH 70-.n'eTHlo aKaAeMM,Ka MOCp4pe,
II3A. AH CCCP, 1950.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
2 H 3. C. A. C Y ~C JI 0 H 0 B, KOlppeKIjiHA HCKaN{eHHH B TeJIeBH3HOHHOH Ci-
CTeMe onpeaeJl3IIOIUHX YeTKOCTb ne'pe,gaBaeMbIX H3o6pa KeHw , AH,CcepTaWifl,
JI3TI-'I, 1952.
4. 'B. M. II p o K O O b e B, 0 oTorpa(~H9ecKHe MCTOJ7jbI Koji HVecTBeHHDro
cneKTpaJlbnoro axaJliH3a McTaJIJIoB H cIIJIaBOB, y. II, rJi. I, (DOTonflaCT'HHKa H
ee c'BoAcTBa, M.-A., FocTexH3lcaT, 1951.
5. B. U. B Ji a,r o B e m e H C K H 9, OcnoBbl 'paaHOTexnNKH CBepXBblCOKHx
vacroT, Cy,gnpoMrH3, 1952, CTp. 355-356.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
COrJIACOBAHHE Y'ACTKOB BOJIHOBOJ(A C
B03J1?,YWHbIM H BHKOMHJIEKCHbIM 3AHOJIHEHHEM
1PH HJIOCKOR rPAHNUE PA3J[EJIA
Kara. rezx. rtayrc II. K. Muxazbioeexad.
B npaKTHI1eCKOH cBepxBbfCOKOqaCTOTHOH paAHoTexMFFKe HepeA-
KO BO3HHKaI0T 3aaalIH rIOCTpOeHH$I 3KBHBaJIeHToB a,HTeHH, pa3JIHH'tI-
HOro poAa norJIOTHTeJIeH, aTTeHloarapOB, 4)a3OBpa'u aTeJIeH H
npyrHX yCTpOHCTB CO BXOAHbIM COnpOTHBJIe'HneM, paBBbIM BOJIHO-
BOM'y c'on'poTHBJIeHHIo COOTBeTCT'BY}OuJ,HX BOJIHOBOAOB.
3TO AOCTHIraeTcH B 6OJIbIIIHIHCTBe c.iiyTlaeB 3'MIH'p'H'4eCKHM ny-
TOM 3a C4eT noA6opa OnTHMaJlbHOPO nJIaiBHoro nepexoaa OT BOJIHO-
BOoAa C B03AyIIIHbIM 3ano.CHe'HHeM K BOJI'HOB-OAy c pa60'THM 3a'noJI-
HeHHeM.
OCyU1,eCTBHTb 3a c eT nJIaBHbPX nepexo.rw xopoinee cor iaco-
BaiHHe Aaxce B TpeXCaHTHMeTPOBOM AHana3OHe TIacTO oKa3bIBaeT-
CSI KpOnOTJIHBOH H TpyJOeMKOH 3aaage'H. rIpH pa60're 3Ke Ha BOJI-
HaX MHJIJIHMeT'p-O'Boro AHana30Ha noJlytieHHe xoporuero corJlaOoBa-
HH 1 eiue 6OJIbIIIe 3aTpyAHHeTc5I H pa6ara HO C03AaHHI0 nepexO-
,ROB n'pHo6peTaeT IOBeJIH'pHbIH xapaKTep. B MHJIJIHMeTpOBO'M Ana-
na3OHe OnTIIMaJIbHbIM 6blJI'O 6bI nOJIy'IeHne TaKoro ne'pe'XO'Aa, npH
KOTOpOM nOBep'XHOCTb pa3AeJIa Me )KAY B03,aYLUHbIM H pa6O4HM
3a.nOJIHeuneM 6bIJIa 6bI nJIOCKOH H nepneH,I,HKYJISIP'HOH K OCH BOJI-
HoBoAa, a corJIaCOBaHHe AocTHraJIOCb 3a C'ileT paiBeHCTBa BOJIHO-
BbIX COnpOTHBJIeHHH y'LIaCTKO'B, JIe}KaUUHX CJIeBa H cnpaBa OT nJIOC-
KOCTH pa3AeJia.
B MUM C 3THM B HacTO'xiueH pa6oTe paccMarp-HBaIOTCs ycJIO-
BHA corJIaCOBaHHH ABYX .nOJIy6eCKOHe-gHblx yqaCTKOB BOJIHO'Bo a,
npHmeM OAHH H3 3THX yt1a.CTKOB CnHTaeTCH 3afOJIHeH,HbIM B03Ay-
XOM, a BTOpO'H - 6HKOMnJIeKCH'OH C'peeoH. rIOBepXHOCTb pa3AeJia
Me3KAy y4aCTKaMH no.naraeTCH nJIOCKOH H nepneHAHKyJIHpHOH x
OCH BOJIHOBOAa (pHC. 1).
B KaLIeCTBe BC'nOMoraTeJIbHOro MaTepHaJla B cTaTbe npnB,O-
AsITCSI (4O!pMyJIbI j[JIH pacqeTa A'H3JIeKTpagecKOH H MarHH'THoH n.po-
HHgaeMOCTH BeI1IeCTBa npH H3MepeHMIX Ha BOJIHaX THna E.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
BbIBO,IL yCJIOBHII corJIacoBaHHSI
PaCCMOTpHM 3ajlagy B o6HjeM BHJIe. flyCTb HMeeTCg 6eCKOHe1I-
HbIF, BOJIHOBOJ tIaCTH'gHO C BO3,I[yLIIHbIM H LIaCTHgHO C 6HK0MHJIeKC-
HbIM 3anoJIIIeHH TMH (pmc. 1). r1OBepxHocTb pa3Jlemia - HJIOCKOCTb,
HepneH,grrKyJISIpHaR K OOH BOJIH'OBOAa*.
PHC. I. ['paHHBa pa3aeaa no, y-
6ecKOHegHbIX ygaCTKOB BOAHOBO.,(a
C BO3) yIHHbIM H 6GKOMHJIeKCH6iM
3anO.HCHHeM.
0603HatIHM JIH3JIeKTPHtIeCKyio H MarHHTHyI0 npoHHUaeMOCTb
BO3.gyxa Llepe3 Eo H ,IIO, a J1If3JIeKTpHtIeCKyIo H MaFHHTHyIO npOHH-
Aae:MocTIT 6HKO'MHJIe'KCHON Cpegbl [2] tiepe3
e=E,_ J. (1)
P=?~-j1,- ? (2)
HeTpy;uHO nOKa3aTb, LITO BOJIHOBOe CoHpoTHBJIe'HHe BOJTHOBO,ga,
3a'noJIHeHHoro 6HKoMnJIeKCHOIi cpeJIo , oHipeaeJIHeTCA CJIeJIyIOUI.HM
o6pa3oM:
Ha BO.TIHax THna E:
E2+E2'';,
y) 7 ~6),
ZE= (hx + hz j~,E -,a (3)
Ha BOJIHax THna H:
EZ + E2
s y ' jw? 1 ~x ji.
(4
ZH hx 2 + hY Y P , )
r,ae: E, Ey, hx, hy - nonepetIHbie COCT3BJIHlowHe sneKTpHVe-
flpHtleM:
cKoro H MarHHTHOro noiieH BOJIHbI;
- KpyroBax LIacTOTa;
'(- nOCTOHHHaH paCnpOCTpaHeHHA.
T = jk,P, (5)
* 4acTHaH 3aJia Ia nOn06HOro cor.naeoBaHHH B KpyrJIOM BOJIHOBO4e B C.ny-
gae, Korja pa6oge4 cpegoH aenHCTCH AH3JIeKTpIHK 6e3 moTepb, pa3o6paHa B
pa6oTe [1].
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
P-(1-( a \zI
l IAKpJ1
2a 2a ( e )1/, 6
kl ()
rie ko - AAHHa BOAHbI B B03AyXe.
N1 = = ?I --I?" = ?, ( 1 _ j tg s), (7)
110
el- B --e;-jei=ei(1-jtg8). (8)
E?
(9)
(?1E1)`/.
KpHTHLIeCKaH AAHHa B-OJIHbI X Kp OHpeJLeAReTCR TH4IOM BOJIHbI
H PeOMeTpHLIeCKHMH pa3Me'pa'MH BOJIHOB0,1a.
BOAHOBble COHpOTHBAeHHR AAR ygaCTKa BOAHOBOAa C B03-
,AyIHHbIM 3anOAHeHHeM RBASIK)TCR LiaCTHbIM caygiaeM Bblpa?Ke-
HHH (3) H (4) npH e = so H ? = ?o. TaKHM o6pa3oM, AJIH BOJIH
THna E HMeeM:
ZEo , TEO -Po / SO \ 1/, (10)
H AAA BOAH THna H: l J
?o i9 (11)
ZHO Po \ to /'
Pe=(1 a? 21'.
LL "Kp)
PacCMOTpHM CAyLiaH CorJIacoBaHHSI Ha BOJIHaX THna E. LLm
paBeHCTBa BOJIHOBbIX conpoTHBAeHHR y,4aCTKOB BOJI'HO,BO.La C B03-
)1 U1HbIM H 6HKOMHAeKCHbIM 3anOJIHeH14RMH AOA}KHbI HMeTb McCTO
c ieiyK)HLHe CooTHO'HIeHHR:
Re ZE=ZEo, (12)
Jm ZE= 0, (13)
1-1poH3BeAR PAIL HeCJIO}KHbIX II'peO6pa3oBaHHH Bblpa}KeHHS1 (13)
COBMeCTHO C Bblpa}KeHHRMH (3), (5), (7), (8) H (9), MOi3KHO HaR-
TH yCJIOiBHe OTCyTCTBHH peaKTHIBHOI CocTaBJIRIouJeR Y BXO, HOPO
COII'pOTHBJIeHHR y4aCTKa BOJIHOBO;Aa C 6HKOMIIACKCHOR cperio .
OHO HMeeT BHA:
' . j,2
2 \ --Op
(1 -f tg2 B.)
(14)
15* 227
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha ocxoBaHHH Bbrpa}KerIHR (12), peweaHOoro COBMecTHO c (3),
(5), (7) (10), HaXo,HTCH yCJIOBHe CorJIa oBaHHH aKTHBHbIX
COCTaB..THIOII(IIX BOJIHOBbIX COHpOTHBJIeHHfi.
OKa3bIBaeTCH, LITO 3T0 covjlacoBaHHe
Kula:
uI +tgbEtg6
1o Er 1 + tg2
A - 1 1-tg2b,
1 -
(EI)2 (1+tg2bE)2
11OCKOJIbKV B .TIIO6oM pa60,4eNi BOJIH0,B0,1e Bcer,.,a
AKP
(15)
(16)
TO H H ei > I H tgoE c 1 Ha ocxoBaHHII (15) cor.nacosaHue
Ha BOJIHe Tuna E MO?KeT 6bJTb TOJIbKO B caygae, ecni:
?~ 1.
(17)
(18)
Ha BOJIHax THna H peHIeHtle 3aaa4H corJIaCOBaHHR OKa3bIBaeTCH
COBepIHeHHO HOj.[O6HbIM, H COOTHOIIIeHIIH, 9KBHBaJIeHTHble Bblpa}KC-
HHHM (14) H (15), 6y2 VT HMeTb BHji:
AKP 1 (
tg o_ = tg 8? I - 19)
?l Ei (I +tg2b? )
eI t + tg BE tg
1 + tg2 bw
1 1 - tg2 b1i
1- -
(r;)' (1+tg2b,,)2
(20)
lipH ?I > I H tg 8?c 1 corJIacosaHHe Ha BOAHe H B03MOxclto,
ecnn:
(21)
(22)
3aMeTHM, tITO H3BecTHble yCJIOBHSI corJlacoBaHHSI A'Byx 6e3rpa-
HII4HbIX Cpeji, MOryT 6bITb IIOJIy4eHbl KaK 4aCTHbre CJly4aH 000THO-
IHeHHir (14), (15), (19) if (20) npH Xp=co.
2
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Heo6XOAHMbie napaMeTpbi 611KOMHJIeKCHOFi cpeAbl AMA
WHpOKOHOJIOCTHOCO COFJIaCOBaHHS1
OTMeTHM TaKOII CyIB,eCTBeHHbI'Ii (4aKT, LITO BOJIHOBble COIIpO-
THBJIeHHH KaK BOJIHOBOAOB C BOJIHaMH Tuna E, TaK H BOJIHOBOAOB
C BOJIHaMH THna H npH 3anOJIHeHHH HX cpeao%i c
tgol'tgk, ,
(23)
OKa3bIIBa}OT'CH nplMepHO paBHbIMH BOJIHO'BOMY COlI'pOTHBJIe'HH}o
JZaHHOI-I 6e3PpaHH'LIHOH cpeAbI.
,aeI1CTBHTeJIbHO, nOCKOJIbKy AJif O6bi'14HbIX BOJIHOBOJZOB OTHO-
HIeHue pa60LIeI3 H K'pHTHLIecxo AJIHHbI BOJIHbI 0 'HMeeT BeJIIILIH-
Kp
Hy OKOJIO 0,7-- 0,9, TO n'pH
( ? 2KHO 6bITb yBR3aHo C CeBoo60pOTaMH.
IIpOI(C11 TOif HJlll HHOH CeJIbCKOXO35IHCTBeHH'OId KyJIbTypbI j[OJI}KeH aaBaTb
I1peACTaBJIeHHe 0 ee McCTe B ceB'oo60p'OTax H B CTpyKType nOCeBHbIX HJIO-
iuajIeH.
BCJ1C,7,CTBHC 60JIbLIHX pa3H0'O'6pa3HN npHPOJ&HbIX H 3KOHOMH4eCKHX
VCJIOBHII H OrpOMHbIX pa3'MepOB TeppHTOPHH CCCP KOJIH-IeCTBeHHble inOKa3a-
TeJIH, y'CTaHaBJIHBaeMbie 71JI5I OTjLeJIbHbIX KyJIbTyp, jjOJI}KHbI 6bITb pa3JIH4-
HbIMH HO OTJ euTbHbIM pecny'6JIHKa1M, Kpa5M H O6JIaCTRM. HanpHMep, TliueHHua
KaK Bej(yHja5I KyJlbTypa B OCHOBHbIX paioHaX YCCP H CeBepHOrO KaBKa3a
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
KaMH H apeaJlaMH, a )KHBOTHOBOACTBO-IATpHXOBKaMH. KOJIHtieCTBeliHbll'
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
104TH BCIO KapTOrpac)HpycMyIO TCppHTOp1[IO H I-101 HHM11 He 6yaeT `'II4TaTbCS1
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H T. I1.)
11
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ec.n'H KyJIbTypa IHJIH BH.I CKOTa HM#IOT orpaHHtIeHHoe pacn!pocTpaHexxe,
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HaH60JIee 'HHTepecHbie B ceJIbCKOX035IfiCTBeHHOM OTHOIIIeHHH tlacrH TeppHTO-
pHil, IIpOH3BOgCTBO npOJIYKn,HH HOJIeBOJ[CTBa H }KHBOTHC`3QIICTBa B pacleTe Ha
100 2a CeJlbX03yroAIIH, a TaK}Ke aonoJIHHTeJIbHble KapTbI n'pHpOAHbIX ycJIOBHft,
Ba}KIIbIX AJISI ceJIbcKoro Xo3sfCTBa.
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OKOTa, 3eMeJIbHbIX yrOAbHIX, BaJIOIBOfi H TOBapHOH npoJ(yKRHH ceJIbCKO'rO XO35Ift-
CTBa, a TaK}Ke CITHCKH CeJIbCKOXO3HficTBeHHbIX npeJnpH5iTHfi H yIIpexcAeHHfI-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
COBX03OIB, HaygIHbIX 'H OIIbITIHbIX CeJ1bCIK0X0351HCTB IH1HbIX ytlpex(AeHHH 11
HpeJIIIpHHTHH no rie'pepa60TKe CeJ1bCKOX03HHCTBeHHOrO CbIpbH.
B Ka'tIeC'TTBe y'tIe'THOH e-AITHH'ubI CJIeJ[yeT upH1H5Hfib COBX03 N IKOJIx03. fIp'H
CoCTaBJIeHIIM o6JiaCTHbIX CeJIbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbIX KapT IB yKa3alHHbIX paaee
MaCIHTaf6ax CTaTHCT'HMIeCKHe IMaTe'pHaJlbi IHO IKOJIX03aIM H COBX03aaM MOFYT 'o6ec-
IIet1HTb HeO6xoAHMyIo Aim 3TOPO THIIa (KapT TOgHOCTb H IIOAp0O6HOCTb, HO AJIA
OT,IIeJIbHbIX CJlytlaeB ,[[OJI)KHM IIIpHBJIeKaTbCH 6o iee Ap06Hble CTaTHCTH1IeCKHe
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CaJI0B m ]B'HfHOPpaJIH'HIK'OB, Ta6a'Ka, IHOBbILX JIy6HHbrX IKyJIbTyIp 'H T. in., Mo)Ke'T 6bITb
HOKa3aHO C aOCTaT0t1HOH HOJIHOTOH JIHLUb HpH yCJIOBHH, eCJIH CTaTHCTHtIeCKHe
C'BeAeHHH nOJlytieHbl AJ151 OTAeJIbHbIX KOJIX030B ~H OTJJ1 JIeHH13 COBX03OB.
110 HeKOTOpbIM 06JIaCTHM, Kpa5lM H pecriy6JiHKaM 3aKaBKa3bH, CeBepHO-
ro KaBKa3a, CpeAHei A3HH H apyrHM rop'HbIM pafOHaM C HpKO Bblpa>KeHHOH
BepTHKaJIbHOH 30HaJIbHOCTbIO HCO6XOJI.HMO iHpHBJIeJKaTb iKpyHHOMaCHITa61IbIH
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CaAOB H BHHOPpaAHHKOB, HJIOA'OBOACT.Ba H IHeJIKOBO)JCTBa H T. H. Kpy'HHOMaC-
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pa'6oTKe CeJIbCKOx03H9CTBeHHoro CbIpb5l.
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30M o6pa6oTaHbl. 3Ta o6pa6oTKa COCTOHT B CJIeAy1OILIeM:
1) BbltlHCJISIIOT npoueRT HOCeBOB OTAeJIbHbIX CeJIbCKOXO35IHCTBeHHbIX KyJlb-
Typ K o6LueH IIOCeBHOH nJlou1,auH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHOH eAHHHubl;
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IOT HpOI CHT OTAeJIbHbIX BHJIOB CIKOTa IKO BCeMy HoroJIOBblO; yCTa'HaBJIHBaJOT
HpOueHT KOpOB B o6LueM 'noroJIoBbe Kpyrinoro poraToro CKOTa H IIpOueHT
ToH'KOpyHHblx H IIOJIyTOHKOpyHHbIX OBeH, B o61LIeM I10FOJIOBbe O'Beu;
3) BbItIHCJ15IIOT IH'pOueHT oTAeJIbHbIx BHAOB yPOAIH'H B O6meH InJ102uaAH
a1'MHHHCTpaTH3HOrO paHO'Ha;
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5) yCTaxaBJIHBa1OT BaJIOByIO H TOBap'HyIO iHpOAyKWHIO B HaTypaJIbHOM H
J[eHe>KHOM Bblpa>KeHHH B pactleTe Ha 100 2a CeJIbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbIx y'POAHH.
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CoCTaBJISITbCH B MacL11Ta'6aX IIpoe!KTHpyeMblX 'KapT.
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6JIaHKOBbIH 'KapTe 'HoMep, COOT1BeTCTByrOInHH 'HOMe'p'y B CTaTHCTHtJecKHX MaTe-
p'HaJIa'x. PaIOHbI paonoJla'Palo'TeH B CTaTHCTHtIeCKH'X Ta6JI'Huax CTpOPO B a.m4 a-
BHTHOIM III0p51LIKe iB COOTBeT1CTBHH CO CIIpaEB'Ot1H1HIK01M a'aMHIHHCTpaTHIBHOPO
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3aTeJlH A0nO.1IH5I1OT LHKadlbt H Ot1'eHb NOJIe3Hb1 B pa60Te n'pH BbIJIeJIeHHH Ha
OJIaHKOBbIX 'KapTaX Tex HJIH HHbIx fpylHHp'OBOK, Heo6xoAHMblx Rim cripa-
BOK H T. H.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
CaMbIfl BaN(HbII3 BOnpOC iipii COCTaBJIeHHH KapTorpaMM-Ipa3pa60TKa
llpaBHJIbHbIX HIKaJi, OTo6pa KaioIAHX xa'paaKTepTble OC06eHHOCTH pa,3Meu>,eHH5q
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McNc y CTyneHHMH AOJIN{HbI 6bITb McHbule. Ha InepBbIX H 'IIOCJIe1[H!HX CTynemix
,ZOJIN{HbI 6bITb 1[aHbl IKpaiIHHe 3HaTieHHH; He CJIe,ayeT nHcaTb ,rio 10%, Ao 40%,
a Hajo yKa3bl'BaTb HH3HIHe H BbICIfHe CTyneHH, HanpHMep 1-1O%, 40-70%
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4TO6bI 3TH rpaHH HMeJIHCb B IuKajIax.
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CTyneHek H o6eC'HerIeHHH Ha!pacT'aHHSI HHTCHCHBHOCTH KapTorpatpxpyeMoro,
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no 3ePHOBbIM, TeXHHtleCKHM, dIJIOAOOBOHjHbIIM H KOpMOBbIM KYJIbTypaM, a TaIK-
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HaHOCHTCH OnpeAeJleHHble rpynnbI pa13oHOB TeX HJIH IcHbIX OTpacJIeI3 H KyJIbTyp.
,JIH aHaJIH3a pa3MenZeH!H5i pSIAa Cne'gHaJIbHbIX IKyJIbTyp, HanplMep Tian
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Heo6X!oJJHIMo IHMeTb OpIHrH'HaJIbI IHaXOTHJ x 3eMe.IIb H JIeCOB, CO(-'TaBJIeHIHble
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2 C6opHMK no xapTorpacpxn .N 10
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
CBOPHI4K CTATEF1 IZO KAPTOI'PAq)HH
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2*
19
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
no KapTorpacPHpOBa!HHIO Toro NJIH HHOFO crieuHaJIbHoro SIBJIeH'HSI. O6bILIH'o
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
IIpeACTaBJIAe'TCSI Heo6X?OAHMbIM npOBeaeHHe pAAa MepOnpHATHii, OCHOB-
Hoe 'C'yujeCTBO KOTOpbIX, OLIeB'HAHO, AOJI%HO COCTOSITb B TOM, LITo6bI HX
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
4. O6ecneLIHTb TCXHHLIeCKyi0 KOH'CyJIbTaI1,HIo H Heo6XOjHMoe HHCTpyK-
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CBOPHHK CTATEI%I rIO KAPTOFPA(DHII
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nepeneKTaBbI pa3BIHTH51;
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
2) paIOIHHbIIx CeJIbCKOXO'351HCTB'eHHbIX aT.TIac'oB c Ha6o1po'M KapT 6o.1ee
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24
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
paTyp CII0006OM H30JIHHHIi. CHe}KHbIH IfIOKPO'B MO}KHO J aTb Ha ape 3Ha9-
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Koji HLle'CTBeHHbIMM H Ka'9e'CTBeH'HbI,MH nOKa3aTeJIAMH.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
JI y r a nOKa3bIBaIOTC5I C rio jpa3,jeJIeHHeM Ha 3aJIHBHble, CyXOJ1,OJIbHble
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6a 1 : 3 000 000, >
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a TaK>Ke rpaHHubI. Pa3Mepbl TOHIKHX LIITpHXOBbIX 3Ha41KOB rpaHHU (0,1-
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uxei C. H. CoJIRaToBa. COCTaBJIeHa KapTa B HPKI-I FYrK npH CHK CCCP.
3* 35
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
KapTa KpaCOIIHa, CO BKYCOM o4 0pMJIeHa; tIeTKO BbI7,CJICHbI KpaoHble HyHCO-
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(HaiHpl1Mep, Kap'ra CCCP MaCulTa6a 1 : 15 000 000 H3 5CAM, KapTa CCCP
Mac1uTa6a I : 18000000).
C o6pa3oBaHHeM FYFCK H FYIK npH CHK CCCP HegaTb IIOJI;HTHKO-
a 2MHHI1CTpaTHBHbIx KapT CCCP npoH3BOJ1HJlacb 6OJIbIHHMH THpaA{aMn; ,1pv-
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TOJ7bK'O penbe(p, HO H 6oaaoTa, COJIOH'4aKH, He'CK.H (4epHbl'M'H TOLPKaMH H CHHH-
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
MH LHTpxxaMH). OLiw 6pocaIOTCH B rjlaaa Oco6eHHO TaM, rjje 3aHHMaIOT
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PxeT KapTy CCCP MacmTa6a 1 : 5 000 000 Tex xe JieT.
KapTa CCCP MacWTa6a 1 : 8 000 000, co'cTaBJleHHaH B 1953 r. OMCKOH
KapTn1a6pHKOH FYFK (pe,jaKTOp M. A..SIIKH'MOBa), o(popMJleHa aHaJIOPHIIHo
KapTe CCCP MacWTa6a I : 4 000 000 H TaiK}Ke auriOJIHeHa H3o66pa}KeHHeM
6oJLOT, CioJIOHIIaKOB H neCKOB, 'ITO HPH 'nPHH51TbIX Cnoc06aX H306pa}KeHHSI He
cnoco6'CTByeT 6oJiee IIeTKO'My noKa3y y'CTPOHCT'Ba C0103HbIX peCny6JIHK, KBK
3TO 'B'H,IHO Ha inpnMepe Typ'KMeH'CKOH CCP. H TaK}Ke C'HSITa CTOJIb XapaKTep-
Ha51 1JI51 npOWJIbIX H3J1aHHIi Ta6JiHua 'IIOJIHTHKO-aJLMHHHCTpaTHB'IIOrO
,aejieHHSI CCCP. H'OJIO]KHTeJIbHaH CTOpOHa Ka'pThl-3To 6onee yj[a'LI'HblH
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
Ha6op IIIpH(pTOB JIH HaJ1'nHCelt HaceJleH'HbIX nyH'KTO'B H CaMO'C'TOSITeJIbHOe
BbIJieJIeHHe H ).
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MaCWTa6oB MO}K'HO OTMeTHTb iKapTy MacwTa6a 1 : 15 000 000 143 AT.naca MHpa, KOTOpaH BbInyCiKaeTCH
H caMOCT'OSITeJIbHbI:M H3JiaHHeM (p'egaKTOp B. ;~. XoJIOJjOK).
OHa 'T2K>Ke THn.H4Ha B OTHOIHeHHH yCTa'HOBIHBLHeroCH 'B 1IOCJIeJ(HHe rOJibl
nojixo'ia K H306pa}KeHIHIO '0'C06eHHoCTef nOJIHTHKO-aJiMHHHCTpaTHBHOPO
Le.aeHHSI CCCP.
3a'KaHMHBali o6'3op InOJIHTiH,KO-aaMHHHCTpaTHBHbIX KaPT CCCP, yMCCT-
HO CKa3aTb 0 ITOJIHTHKO-a,j?MHHH'CTpaTHB'HOII KapTe CCCP Ma'cwTa6a
I : 7 000 000, 'KOTopa5I CoCTaBJISIJIaCb B MOCKOBCKOII KapTorpa(p,H4ecKOli
4a'CT14 P140 BTC B 1943 r. H C HOnpa'BJIeHH'HMH BblXOJjHJTa ?iio 1950 +r. Ee ue.ne-
coo6p'a3H'0 opa'BHHfBaTb He no caJiep)caH'HIO 'C Ka'pTOI-I CCCP 'MacwTa6a
I : 800'0'0100 ('cnparB'OLIHa$I ueHHOC'Tb n'0'CJIeJIHeIi, He''COMHeHIHO, BbIIHe), a paC-
CMOT'pe'Tb Ka!K'HpHMep HIHIO'PO 01(P0!pMJIeH'HH.
KaxKe POIBOpHT 0 H2JIH'4HH B'He'M aBTOHOM'Iioli
O6JIaCTH. Ka'pTa HMeeT CBOH Hey.a4H H HeJiOCTaTKH (He 'BO BCex CCP 4eTKO
BbIJieJleHbl rpaHHUbI; HeJIb3H CTIHTaTb peuleHHbI:M nPHHIITOe BbIJieJIeHHe OJiHO-
HMeHHbIX auM'HHH'CTpaTHBHbIX eaHHHu aJISI B'Cero CoBeTK'oro C010'3a;cHOp:NbIM
Ka>KeTCH 3aMeHa OJI,HHa'KOBOro aJIA BCeX 'C0103HbIX pec''ny6JIHK yCJIOBHO'rO
3HaKa rpaHHUbI OTMbIB'KaMH pa3HOPO UBeTa), HO Ca'M BapHaHT o(JOpMJIeHHH-
HaPJIHuHaH nepeztaga Oco6eHHOCTel3 'noJIHTHKO-aji'MHHHCTpaTHBHoro yCTI)OII-
CTBa CCCP-3aCJIy>KH'BaeT, 'Ha IHauI B'3rJIlI,'1? BIHIH'Ma'H''H,H 'H CO'BepnIeHC'TIB.O-
BaHHH.
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TacTH CCCP. B 1950 r. 'Bcjieji 3a KapTOII CCCP MaCIUTa'6a 1 : 8 000 000
6bIJla BbinyLuexa KapTa EB'p'orleliCKOII 4a'cTH CCCP MaculTa6a 1 : 4 000 000.
O'Ha KOMInaKTHa n0 C'BOHM pa'3Mepa'M ('()OpMar 6yMairH 84X 100 cm) H
H'BJIHeTCH CTeHHbIM ,H3JiaH,He'M, KO'TOp'oe XopoiuO 4HTaeTCH 36JIH3H. 9Ta KapTa,
HeCOMHeHHO, HMeeT Me'CTO B 06LUeM ~p5Jiy nOJI!HTH'KO-aJiM.H'HHCTpaTHBHbIX
KapT CCCP. Ho, ;KaK ITOKa3bI'BaeT JiaHHbii3 0630p, 'KapTbl E-BpO'nefICKOII 4aCTII
CCCP COCTaBJIHJIHCb 'BCerJia B '6o.lee KpyfHOM MacIITa'6e n0 CpaBHeHHIo
C CVHieCTBy101UHMH IKapTaMH CCCP, 4TO6bI JZaTb HOJip06Hee 9T-T Ba>KHb1}i
H ryCTOHaceJIeHHbII3 pallo'H 'HaLHeli CTpaHbI.
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IIpri Ila.,11111HH KapT T3KHX Ha31jatICHHH KapTa CCCP M3CWTa63
I : 8 000 000, paCCIIIITaHHar Ha Hinpoi oe pacnpocTpaHeHHe H Hpea,Ha3Ha,-ICII-
IfaSI 1.3H LITCHI{R B6,'1H311, 3aiiMe-r MecTO CHpaBOoHOro H3,JaHHSI, jaloluero
'IHTaTeJIiO ;ICTaJIbHV1o CIIpaBliy B CO'OTBeTCTBHH C MaCIHTa6OM 0 TeppHTOpHRX
a,lMHIIHCTpaTHBHO-TeppHTOpHaJIbHblx e;'LHHHi H HX uCI-ITpaX.
3TH HO}KeJIaIIIIH He RBJIRIOTCR, K'OIHeSHO, H'CSIepTlbIBaIOIHHMH, HO 011H
H3HpaBJIe'HbI Ha TO, SITO6bT HannIH KapTbI JIy'-nue OTBeSIaJIH Bee BO3paCTaIOLUHM
Tpe60BaHH5IM, npel'b}BJIReMbIM K HHM HawHei'I KH3Hb1O.
YMecTHO BCIIOMHHTR TO HCKJIIOSHTeJIbHOe, 6epe}KHOe BHHMaHHe, KOTOPOC
V:ieJISui B. H. J1eHHH B BOnpO'Cy TIOKa3a
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DTH yimaHH5I lie yCTape.IH.
B pe30JIIOUHII XX c'be3ja KHCC HO OTUeTHOMY wj --ia,gy UK KIICC
oTMeLiaeTCR: KeHH5T oco6eH-
liocTe6 cOBeTCKOFO rOCy,2ap'CTBeHHOro yCTpOI4CT'Ba H CyLIICCTBy1OHjCFO
ajMHHHCTpaTHBHOTO ;[CJiCHHI1 Ha rIOIHTHlKHBOTHOFO MHpa xopamo
1OHHMaJIH y4eHble ApeBHeli FpeiljHH. B TOIi HJIH HHOd CTeneHH OTpa>Ka,1a
>KHBOT'HbIII MHp H Ha HeKOTOpbIX KapTaX CpeJLHeBeKoBb5I (HanpaMep, Fepe-
(~OpJjCKaH KapTa 1260 r.), noMena5i H3o6pa>KeHH51 pa3JIH4HbIX 3BepeIl H pb16
c oHIH'CaHHeM Me'CT HX O6HTa'HHH.
B A'peBHed Pycli 'OXOTa HMe.Ia cyLjeCTBeHHoe 9K'OHOMH4CCKOe 3'Ha'4eHlde.
HBJIHHCb JjJ1H KHH3ed OJLHOId H3 rJlaBHbIX 'CTaTed Jjox'OJja, a JjJISI HapoJja-
HCTO4HHK'OM yJOBJIeTBO'pCHHH HaCylljHblX >KH3He'HHbIX nOTpe6HOCTeI3. II03TOMV
>KHBOTHbIFi MHp H OXOTHHgHd np0'MbICCJI OTpa>KaJIcH y>Ke Ha nepBblx pyc-
CKHX KapTax.
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CKa>KeM HeC'KOJIbKO CJIOB 0 He'KOTOpbIX KapTaX 'COBeTCKO'TO nepao ja.
B 1925 r. BhIIIIJIa H3 negaTH III '4aCTb KHHrH KOCHOBbI OXOTOBe,jeHHH>
(aBTO'p a. K. C'OJ1OBbeB), K KOTOpOd npHJIO>KeHa KaIIjHX CTpaIH>, !H3aaH-
Hod B 1935 r., JjaH PHA 'KapT C H3o6pa>KeHHeM pacnpocTpa'He.HHH !pa3JIIdqHblx
>KHB'OTHbIX. Bce KapTbl OJjHOI1BeTHbI. B KHHre III HMeeTCH KH,O BbI4epgeHa H
HMeeT MHOro reorpaq)H4eCKHX owH60K: peKa LIy nOKa3aHa HeBepHO (Ha
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
KapTC BbITeKaeT 113 03epa HccbIK-Ky.Ib, B J.IefCTBHTeJIbHO'CTH }Ke HCTOK peKH
i10XOJHTC51 3ana,7'Hee 03epa), IHCTOK peKH AHrapbl Ha KapTe yKa3aH OT
F. 14pI{yTCKa, a He 143 03epa 5aiKa.I; COBepnleHHO HCKa}KeHO 113o6pa}KeHHe
peii HHJ HPHpKH H KOJIbIMbI, He 'Bes,ie HOJj'HHCaHbI MepH,jHaHbI H [lapaJIJIeJIH,
HC yKa3aH MaCHITa6. TaK KaK OCHOBa BTOII KapTbI HCnOJIb3OBaJIaCb RJI51 p51Jla
:1pyrHX KapT KHHFH, ace OIIIH6KH TOBTOp511OTCH H Ha HHX. TaKile rpy6ble
reorpa(pH9eCKFIe OHSH6KH H B TaKOM KOJIHOeCTBe B03M0}K'HbI JIHHIh B CJiytlae
C0CTaBJICHIl51 KapTbl IieJIOBeKOM, HHtierO B BTOM ieJie He UGHHMa1OIIIHM.
B 1947 r. 'BbIIIIJIa KHHra KCHyTHHK py}KeIIHOrO OXOTHHKa> , K KOTOp01i
IIpHJIOA{e'IIa cxe'MaTHoe'CKa5I KapTa 3aHOBeZIHHKOB H OXOTHHTIbHX yr01u1Fi
.AXOCKOB'CKOII o6JIacTH, cocTaBJIeHHaH B MacHITa6e 1 : 1 000 000. KapTa HaHe-
4aTana B UBa UBeTa B tiepHblil H KpaCHbIMI. Ha KapTe oTo6pa}KeHbI: rHJIpO-
rpa(~HSI, HaceJIeHHble HyHKTbI, 0006eHHO no wocce H }KeJIe3HbIM J1opOrall,
TIVTH coo6HIeHH51, rpaiHua MO'CKOBCKOH 06JIaCTH, rpaHHUbI OXOTHHtlbHX
X035INCTB H 3afOB0p,HHK'OB. Bce 3T0 rOKa3aHO oepHON KpaCKO1i, KpaCHbIM
iIBeTOM Hane'laTaHbl I>,HC~phl, yKa3blBaloLuHe npHHarae}KHOCTb OXOTHHgb'HX
X039fCT'B K pa3JIH'HbIM 061ueCTBaM. I\pyHHbI11 He,IIOCTaTOK KapTbI B TOM, t0TO
IIFi HeII OTCVTCTBVIOT HIeCTb IO}KHbIX paHOHOB 06JnaCTH.
,Be KapTbI-cxeMbl ~(a'Hbl K3K I1 HJIOiKeHHH K KHHPC (1947). Ha O'IHOM 143 CxeM OTO6pa}KeHLI reoMOp(coJIorHoeCKFIe
'-[Jl iHble 10 MoCKOBCKOFi o6Jia'cTH; BbI,TieJIeHbi rIpIlBOJI KCIiaH Bo'3BblLueHHOCTh
Cp['HJLe'BbICOTiNI 51 BOJIHHCTa5I pa'B'H'HHa, Mellje'pCKaH HH3HHa. Bce 9TH reoMop-
it1OJi0rH9eCKHe .laHHble HanetlaTaHbI KpaCHbIM LBCTOM. KpoMe Y.HX, Ha CXCMe
11OKa3aHhl: A'IOCKOBCKH[I rOCyIapCTBeHHbIO 3aanOBc IIHK, rpaHIlubl o6JIa'CTH
H paIIOHOB. paII0lIHble ue'HTpbI, }KeJIe3Hble goporri. B 4jaHHOli KHHre TaKa5i
KapTa-CXeMa 6ecnoile3Ha. Ha BTOpON KapTe-cxeMe FOKa3allbl 3arOBeT'HHKH,
3OKa3HHKII, a Tali)Ke HpHHa;IJIe}KHOCTb HX TeppHTOpHH K pa3J1HOHbIM OXOT-
HHLIbHM XO3HHCTBaM. CXeMa BbinOJIHeHa rpy6o. CMeaue'HHe Kpa'COK
HOCTOJIbKO BeJIHKO, 0ITO }KeJle3Hbie Iopor',H, HaneOaTaHHble KpaCHbIM IIBeTOM,
I1O0TH Be3J1e npOXO,15IT MHMO rOpO,iOB. HH UHa }KCJIe3HaH uopora He JIOBe-
,aei-la w KOHua paMKH. HOKa3 pacnOulo}KeHHII TepPHT'OPHII OXOTHH'IbHX
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C TaKHMH OHIH6KaMH Bpe,2Hbl, TaK KaK BBOUSIT B 3a6JIy}KJIeHHe OXOTHHKOB.
Mo}KHo 6blJIO 6bi O'HHCaTb erne HeCKOJIbKO KapT, OTpa)KaIOIUHX B KaKOH-
TO Mepe OXOT'HHtibe X035IHCTBO, }KHBOTHbIH MHp; HO ,moCTaTOgHO H cKa3aH-
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Y Hac HMe1OTCA yoIe6'Hble 3ooreorpagIHoIeCKHe KapTbI, OTpa}KeH }KHBOT-
HbIIi MHP B HeKOTOpbIX ytle6HbIX aTJIacax: B I ToMe BOJIbIIIOFO COBeT'C'KOrO
ariiaca MHpa, 'BO 11 TOMe MOp'CKOro aTJIaca. ECTb He60JIbLuHe KapTbI-CXeMbI
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wpor). He cJleJ yeT yKa3bIIBaTb >KHBOTHbIX H rTHLI, BOJ 5IIIjHXXCH Ha TeppH-
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Pb16OJIOBHble 6a3bI, HO He JjaHbl OX~OTHHTIbH 6a3bI, He BbIJjeJleHbl 3aIKa3HHKH,
TeppHT?opHH, OTBeJIeHHble JIJISI HaTaCKH H HairoHa Co6aK, CJIHIIIKOM CJia6o
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3TOr0 Majio. YCJIOBHb1e o603HatIeHH51 BHJIOB pbI'6 npOCTa'BJIeHbI JIHLIIb Ha
o3epaX H Ha p. BOJIre. He yxa3aHO, PJIe H KaKasI pb16a B'OJIHTCS1 Ha apyrix
peKax. IZO XHaIIIeMy MHeHHIO, He XCOBCeM yJIaTIHO pa3peIIIeH B'OnpOC yCJIOBHOrO
o603?HageHXHS1 'OXOTHHTIbeI4 {pa'yHbI, H306pa>KeHHOI3 Ha ape BHeMaCIIITa6-
HbIMH 3HaKa'MH, n'peJjICTaBJISIK)IIIHMH 'Co60I3 reoMeTpmeCKHe 4q)'HrypbI, BHyTPIH
KOTO'pblX inpOCTaBJIeHbI LI'H'q)pb1. OCHOBHOil He'JIOCTaTOK XnOJI016HbIX yCJIO'BHbIX
o603HaqeHHI3-OTCyTCTBHe HarJISIJIHO'CTH, B TO Bpe'M5I KaK HarJI51,IjHOCTb
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IHHp0,Koro Kpyra OXOTHHKOB.
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IIHJIa yCJIOBHbie 0603HaLieHIHSI 'npOMbI1CJIOBO-OXOTHHgbHX )KHBOTHbIX H n'IHIj,
pa3pa6oTaHHble H npeJIJIO)KeHHb1e B. CTaXpOBCKHM JjJIA KapT ;H HJIaHOJB.
V'CJTOBHble 3HHKH npeJICTaBJISIJIH C06oil CHJIy3TbI )KHBOTHbIX. ELue paHbllle
6buuio npeJIJI'OHCeHO H306pa>KaTb )KHBOTHbIX reoMeTpHTIe'CKI4MH q)HrypaMH-
CfIJIOIIIb OKpaineHHbIMH pOM6aMH, HPHMOyrOJIbHHKaMH, KBaJIpaTaMH H T. J.
KaK H306pa)KaTb )K'HBOTHbIX Ha OXOTHHTIbHX KapTaX B HaCTO51Iee
HpeMn? ^ /TOT BOHPOC CJieJIyeT cepbe3Ho npolryMaTb KapTorpa(paM COBMeCTHO
C OXO'TO'BeaaMH. MO)KeT 6bITb, CJIeayeT Hpi'IHHTb 3a OCHOBY yCJIOBHble 31iaK11
CTaXpOBOKOro, KOHe9IlO, 'C CooTBeTCrByJOILIeFI aopa60'PKOfl, H6o He.ib3H H30-
OpaxKaJIeHHIO, HMCeTCSI Y CTaXpOBCKOrO.
* B iiaC'i )A at, cc Ly,Vl i 1 p,i ii1I ijbl MOC'ri0BCK011 06JIaCTn B 3TOM PaaO~He 113MeHellbl.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
1 iiarucil crpa,He BbinycxaeTcs; 60JlbLIIOe KoJIH4eCTBO pa3Jln4HOI3
n; repary'pbI no oxoTe, HO HH'KaKOe OnH'CaiHHe, KaK 6b1 XopOLUO 0110 HH
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nO'IHTaTb KH1Irn. A pa3Be HeJIb35I C03JjaTb pH,L KaPT (Ha O,31IOH BCerO He
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re0rpaCj)H000KHMH H Cne11,HaJ1b11bINIH 3JIeMeHTaMH B ;ja1LHOM cTaTbe He npeJj-
CTaBJI51CTC5I B03NIOA{HhIM, TaK Ka1 110,2o6HbIX KapT JO HaCTOSIU(erO BpeMeHH
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3'TO 3Ha4HT, 'ITO ,jOJIMKHbI 6bITb HaHe'ceHbl ('C COOTBeT'CT'B'yIOUjHM or6opOM) :
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CCLIXa10IIjHe p0K0 II o3epa, r) KpyBHble McJIHO'PaTHBHb1e KaHaJlbl.
2. P e u b e (k, KO'TOpbIFT H306'p'axcaeT'c5I OTMbIBKOFI.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
3. H O4 B e H H O- p a C T H T e JI b H bI IH n'O'K'p O B: a) KpyHHble Mac-
CHBbI JIecoB, 6) 60JIOTa, B) COJIOH4aKH, 'r) neCKH.
4. H a'c e ji e H'H bI e n y H K T bI C BbljjeJleHHeM a) CTOJI1-II(bI CCCP,
6) CTOJIHU COI03HbIX pe'clny6JiHK, B) CTOJIIIL ACCP, IjeHTpOB Kpae'B H o'6JIa-
CTeH, r) ueHTpO'B aBTOHOMHbIX o6JIaCTeii H '06JIacTef, BXO,3SIIUHX B 'COCTaB
KpaH, Jj) np04HX r0pojjOB, e) HOCeJIKOB r0p0;jCKOro THna, >K) Hpo4HX Hace-
JIeIIHbIX InyHKTOB, 3) ICTOJIHIj HHOCT'pa'!HHbIX rocyiapCTB, H) Ba>KHblx Hace-
JIeHHbIX HyHKTOB 'HH'OCTpa'HiHbIX rOCyJjap'CTB, K) 1np0'4HX HaceJleHHbIX .IIyHKTOB.
4H'CJIeHHOCTb >KHTeJIeIl B HaceJIeHHbIX [I FiKTaX HOKa3bI'BaeTC51 BeJIHgHHOFS
Kpy>KKa.
5. fl y T 11 c o 0 6 iu e H H A C 'BbijjeJleHHeM a) >KeJie3HbIx LkOpOr,
6) rJIaBHbIX '6e3pe.IbCOBbIX jjOp'Or, 'B) Inp04HX 6e3peJlbCOBbIX AOpOr, r) KaHa-
JIOB C'yjjOXO 'HbIX, jj) M'Op'CKHX peiiCOB H paCCTOAIHIHj B 1KIHJIOMeT'paX,
e) HOPTOB.
6. r p a H H Ij bI c HOjjpa3jjenle'HHeM Ha: a) rocyjjapCTBeHHble, 6) noJIAp-
HbIX BJIajjeHHIl CCCP, B) ICO1O3HbIX pec y'6J1H'K, r) ACCP, KpaeB H 06JIa'CTef,
Jj) a'BTOHOMHbIX O'6JIaCTeI3 H 06J1a'CTeIi, BXOjj5HWHX B COCTaB KpaM, e) HaIjHo-
HBJIbHbIX OKpyrOB, >K) HHO'CTpa'HHbIX rocyjjapICTB.
CHeuHaJIbHoe COjjepi>KaHHe COIO'3HbIX KapT 3a'BHCHT OT HX Ha3BaHHSI. Ka,K
Tlp'HMep yKa3KeM HeCKOJIbKO TeM KapT 'C010'3H0'r0 Ma'CHITa'6a: ), , cepHA KapT KH'0 6bITb OT06p a>KeH0 Ha n0jjo6-
HbIX KapTax:
1) 3aHOBejjHHKH CCCP 'C BbIjeJIeHHeM Ha Bpe3KaX Ba>KHetLHHX 143 HHX,
2) yKa3aIHHe 'CpOKOB OXOTbI;
3) IHyTH npoJleTa ifTHU H BpeMA HpoJleTa;
4) FlaH60JIee 113lBe'C'THble OXOT'HH4bH 6a3bI 14 AOMa OT:Ii ixa;
5) pacuo io>KeHHe ajMHHH'CTpaTHBHbIX 14 HayLIHbIX V0pe>K,jeHHH, HMeTO-
MI1X OTHOHIC_HHe K OXOTHH4beMy X0351IICTBy;
6) 3BepH H HTHIjbI, 3aI1pe1I eHHble K OTCTpeJiy;
7) 3BepH 11 HTHIjbI, OTCTpeJIHBaeMble no JIHIjeH3HH;
8) aKKJIH,MaTH3aUH'H H peaKKJIH,MaTH'3aIjHA >K!HIBOTHbIX;
9) OC'HOBHble McCTa rHe3,IOBHci OXOT'HHLIbHX 1nTHU;
10) MCCTa 3HMOBOK 'H'PHlj H apy'rHe J aHHble.
Ha Bpe3Kax rnojjo5HbIX KapT MO>KHO HOKa3aTb 3Ha4eHHe pa3JIHLIHbIX
o5JIacTeFl'B OXOTHHLIbeM XO3AIICTBe IH0 jjO6blBaeMo5 HMH IHyIHHHHe, nOKa3aTb,
B KaKHe CTpaHbI HJje'T 'COBeT'CKaA 'H'yIHHH'Ha, 'HJIOTHOCTb pacceJleHHA OXOT-
HHKO'B, pa3MeujeHHe OXOTHH4b13X 'C06aK.
KapTbI 'CepHH !CJIeJjOBaJIO 6bI H31aTb B BHjje
aJIb60Ma, npHLIeM HI'HpOKO HCFIOJlb3O'BaTb o6paTHylo CTOpOHy Ka>KjjOrO JIHCTa
,aJIA TeKCTa. CJleayeT CKa3aTb, LITO 9T0 'He HOBO H HMeHHO TaK inOCTynaJOT
npH CO3,RaH,MH OXOTHH4bHX KapT B CIIIA H KaHue *. K a K )1 0 JI >I{ H ,O
6bITb 3T0 OTO6 pa>KeHo?
DTOT BOnpOC Tpe6yeT rJ1y6OKOrO H3y'eHHA C y"ieTOM O,nbITa COCTaBJIe-
HHA KaK OTe'eCTBe'HHbIX KapT, B KaK0i1-TO i'14epe OTpa>KaioujHx OXOTHH4be
* OXOTHH9bH KaPTbI CLQA H31laloTC51 J[JIH OTJje.lbHb1X IIITaTOB, a B KaHane-A,nsl
0TAeJIb7{bIX HPOBHH1H13, TaK KaK Ka}KJjbl}i IIITaT B CJUA H Kaxcaaa HPOBHHHHH B KaHaJ[e
HMeIOT CBOH OXOTHHqbH 3aKOHN.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
X03HFICTBO I1JIH }KHBOTHbIfi MHp, TaK H 3apy6e}KHbIX H 3K'oHep'HMeHTa.IbHhlX
pa6or.
Bojiee Ba}KHbiM BOIIpOCOM HBJIHeTCH CO3:IaHIIe peC7IV6JIHIKaHCIKHX,
KpaeBbIX III O6aBCTHbIX,OXOTH'HUb'HX ,Ka'pT.
KapTbI 3TOr0 THHa, COCTaBJIeHHble B ;gOIBOJIbHO KpyHHbIX Ma'CLHTa6ax
(OT I : 600 000 go I : 2 000 000), Ua;IYT BO3MO>KHO'CTb B HOJIHOII Mepe OTpa-
31[Tb OXOTHHT-Ihe X03HLICTBO.
OCHOBHOe Ila3HageHHe HOJO'6HbIX KapT-CHOCo6CTBOBaTb yHOpHJ(OLIeHHH)
pa6OTbI B OXOTHHLIbHX XO3HIiCTBaX, 'HOMOLIb COTpyx(HHKa'M pe0Hy6Jl'11KaHCKHX
I'JIa'BHbIX yrIpaBJIeHHII OXOTHHLIberO XO3H6CTBa x jpyrHX OpraHH3alHII, CBH-
3aIIHbIX C OXOTHHLIbHM X035I6CTBOM, B HJIaHHpOBaHHH pa60TbI. OHM HO'MOFVT
iipoHaraHjHpOBaTb iKyJIbTypy OXOTbI, J(aJ(yT IHHpoK'Me 3HaHHH 0 COCTOHHIIif
OXOTHHLIbero XO3H6CTBa Ha CerO,2HHHIHHII JaeHb.
3Ha5 3a'HaCbI 3'Bep5i H HTHII;bI H HMeS 1Iepeg C06oiI FIX OTo6pa}KeHHe Ha
KapTe, M0)KHO ,iygLHe HJIaHHpOBaTb OTCTpeJI. BOJIbLuyio yc iyry OI{a}KyT
IIOJ(06Hbie KapTbI X03HIICTBeHHbIM OpraHH3aI[HHM B J(eJIe CHa6)KeHHH OXOT-
l-IHKOB-ifpOMbI'CJIOBHKOB He'o6XOJ(HMbIMH TOBapaMH. Oco6eHHO Hy)KHa T3KaH
KaDTa B CeBepHbIX H Tae}KHbIX paffo'HaX Ha HpOH3'BOJ(CTBeHHO-OXOTH,HLIbHX
CTaHI(HHX J(JIH HJIaHHpoBaHHH O'C'BoeHHH HOBbIX OXOTHHLIbHX yrOJ(HII H o6ora-
ii(eHH51 OXOTHHLIbe-+npoMbICJIOBOFi CpayHbl. 0J(Ha H Ta }Ke KapTa r103'BOJIHT
OTpa3HTb MHOrHe CTaTH'CTHLIe'CKHe J(aHHble.
KaK H o611jeCO103Hble KapTbI, pecclIy6JLHKaHCKHe, KpaeBble m 06JIaCTHble
,gOJT)K'HbI CO3J(aBaTbCH Ha OCHOBe M3JIaHHbIX B HOCJIe.gHHe TOJ bl rIOJIHTHKO-
aJIMHHH'CTpaTHB'HbIX KapT, LITO 3HaLIHTeJIbHO CHH3HT HX Ce'6eCTO'1-IMOCTb.
061I(ereorpaCjHLIeCKHe 3JIeMeHTbI OCTaIOTCH Te }Ke CaMbte, LiTO H Ha HO-
JTIITHKO-aJ(MHHHCTpaTI1BHbIX KapTaX. CTeHeHb Harpy3KH o6wereorpaCpH4e-
CKHMH 3JIeMeHTaMH HpH C03,gaHHH HePBbIX HOJ(O6HbIX KaPT OIIpeaeJIHeTCH
3KCMepHMeHTaJIbHO. (I)OHOBy1O OKpa'CKy aJ(MHHHCTpaTH'BHbIX eJ(HHHL( CJIeayeT
;gaTb 6jieIHbIMH TOHaMH (B 3TOM CJIyLiae JIeCHble MaCCHBbI HOKa3bIBaIOTCH
pHCYHKaMH) HJIH CHHTb COBceM, 'MCFIOJIb3VH CjJO,H 1JIH HOKa3a JIe'COB.
CTeHeHb Harpy3KH CHeL(HaJIbHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaM'H 3aBHCHT OT TeMbI Kap-
TbI. B riepBVK) o'epegb cJIe.(yeT CO3J(aBaTb KOMHJIeKCHbie OXOTHIILIbH KapTbI,
CIICI(MaaIbHOe CO,gep7KaHHe KOTOpbIX MO>KeT 6bITb cJleuyionjee:
1. O'CHOBHble BHJ(bI OXOTHHLIbeII IjJayHbl C pa3J(eJIe-
iI H e m e e Ha 3Bep6i H 'HTHI(. FITHL( 'H 313epeIl, 3aHpeLueHHbIX K OTCTpeJIY
B peCHV6JIMKe, Kpae HJIH o6JIa'CT-14, He OT06pa}KaTb, a Ha iHOJIHX KapTbI HJIH
IIOJ HHH{HCH paMKOII gaTb Ta6JIHI(y 3anpeli(eHHbIX K OTCTpeJIy )KHBOTHbIX;
2. F P a H H I( bI 3 au 0'B e j H H'K 0 B. flJIouJ,aJjb 3a'HOBegHHKOB 'CJIeJ(yeT
OKpaLl1H'BaTb CHJIOLLIHbIM KpaCHbIM L(BeTOM. }KHBOTHbI6 MHp 3arIoBe,7HH1{OB iia
OXOTHHLIbHX KapTaX HOKa3bIBaTb He CJIeJ(yeT, HO }KeJIaTe.IbHO OTpa3HTb ero
Ha TypHCTCKHX KapTaX;
3. r p a III H I( bt 3 a H p e T'H bI X 3 e it e It bI X 3 0 H, KOTOIUIC C.IeiJ,VC I'
IICTKO BhIjOJIMTb. 7IKIIBOTHbI6 MHp B Hpe;1e.1aX 3C.,1CIIbIX 301U Tali-KC R()Iia3l,I-
;4aTb He cJIe,L yeT;
4. I' P a H H U bI 3 a K a 3 H H K o B. B TeKCTe, KOTOpOMV Ha OXOTHH4bH_X
KapTaX Iiy?KHO yieJIHTb oco6oe BHIIMaHHe H LHHp0K0 HCIIOJIb3OBHTb ero HOJ(
Iiii >, , >, KeT IIpHBeCTH
i< rlepeHarpy3Ke, a cJIeROBaTeJIbHO, K TIJIOXOf gHTaeMOCTH KapTbl.
Oc06aH POJIb OTBOJIHTCH KapTaM Ma'clJITa6a I : 10 000-1 : 100 000.
.\'MeJIO HCIIOJIb3yH TaKyIO KapTy, JI1o6oe OXOTH,Hgbe X03HIiCTBO CMo>KeT 3Ha-
`IHTej7bHO YJIVgIIIHTb 3KCIIJIyaTaLIH1o OTHOc5In eIicH K HeMy TePPHTOpHH.
flOJIO6Hbre KapTbl JIOJI>KHbj HOCHTb OrfepaTHBHbII[ XapaKTep. C 'HX IIOMOll bJO
Y:1)6HO Be'CTH ygeT 3Bepef H HTHII, 606pOBbIX rI00eJIeHHIi, o6Hapy>Ke'HHbIX
.;IHCbHX H 6apCyghHX HOP, HJIaHHPOBaTb BOCIIpOH3BOJICTBO OXOTHHgbero
C~OHJja.
Heo6xo itMbI TaK>Ke HJIaHbI BOJIOeMOB C yKa3aHHeM rJIy6HHbI IIpoMep-
38I1H51, KOTOpble oco6eHHO Ba KHbI IIpH 1IJIaHHpo'BaHHH BKCIIJIyaTaUHH OHJIaT-
()O3bIX X0351ICTB. HaHeCH Ha IIJIaH KOpMOBble ytlaCTKH, JIerxo HOAC4HTHTb.
ripe JIeab1Ioe KOJTHgICCTBO MOr yIIIHX IIPOKOPMHTbCH >KHBOTHbIX, a TaK>Ke BbIXOR
rIVJIIHHHb! C I ca. Hajecerlje Ha KapTV 'KOpMOBbIX ygaCTKOB HrpaeT 6OJrbWIIylo
I)O.lb it IIpH pacceae11HH 6O6poB. C03RaHHe OXOTHHtIbHX (KapT IIO)jO6HbIX MaCIII-
1,16013 Hai16O,lee IIpoCTo. TaK iKaK TaKHe KapTbl He IIpejjHa3llageHbl ,IIJISI
'I!rrpOK01'0 IIOJIb30BaHH5f, TO no Mepe Heo6XO.'IHMOCTH OHH 'MOryT C03JIaBaTbCf1
4 C6opnnnc no KapTorpa(pxe N 10
49
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
rlyreM HaIecclH51 coOTBeTCrByloIuCH cIleUHaripy3KH Ila TIMCTbI M31.aHHbIX
T0fIOI'pa4)HLIeCKHX 'KapT.
3ljecb CTOHT BOHPOC O pa3pa60TKe eiHHbIX CHeUIHaJIbHbIX yCI'OBHbIX 0,603-
liagieHHH, o65I3aT0JIbIIbIX K upHMeIeHH)O Na BCCX KapTaX, OTpa>KaIOHI,HX OXOT-
IiHLIbC X035IRCTBO HaHlei CTpaHbl.
CJIe!yeT y,ReJIHTb BHHMaHHe 'H C03jJa1f HIO XOjOHIHX KapT-CXeM, H3LaBaSI
IiX KaK OTa.eJlbHO, TaK H B KayeCTBC 'HpHJIO)KeHHH IK JIHTepaType NO OXOTe,
B `IaCTHOCTH K >KyPHaJly , HMeloMIeMy THpa>K
150 000 H JjOCTyMHOMy [IJISI Ka>K%Icro OXOTH'HKa.
MO}KHO 6bIJ]0 6bI yKa3aTb CHje p5IJj BO3MO)KHOCTeH HCHOJlb3oBaHHSI KaPT
B OXOTHMLIbeM X03SII3CrBe; NO AOCTaTOLIHO H CKa3aHHOrO, LITO'6bI HOHSITb,
K2Ky10 orpOMHVlo HOMOHIb 'B ero pa3BHTHH OKa KeT IHHpOKO FIOCTaBJIeHHoe
r:aprorpa4ThPOBaHHe.
B >KypHaJle 0OXOTa H OXOT'HHLibe X03SI13CTBO>> N2 1 3a 1955 F. B CTaTbC
: 9JIeMeHTOB C0I ep}Ka'HHA KapTbl it
o6-beKTOB HO Ka)KAOMy 3JIeMeHTy 'npHO6peTaIOT O4eHb 160JIbIIIoe 3HageHHe.
Co,aep}Ka'HHe npoinaraHJIHCTCKO-arHTaUHOH'HbIX KapT J OJI}KHo 6blTb HE
TOJIBKO npaBHJIbHbIM, HO H JIOX0JI4HBbIM, OCTpbIM. FI09TOMy OT6op coaep-
}KaHHH ,go.7}KeH C04eTaTbCA C Bb16opOM TaKOrO cnoco6a H3o6pa}KeHH2,
KOTOpbIH o6eCne4HT BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCI'b 'H Ha'rJIAJIHOCTb KapTbl. 11pM 3TOM
CJ[e,ayCT y4HTbIBaTb, 4TO Heo'6XOJjHMO H36eraTb 60JIbuIOrO 4HcJia pa3HblX 'no
Bnjly H LBeTy yCJIOBHbIX 3HaKOB H (JOHOBbIX KpacOK, OTo6pa}KaIO1U,HX pa3
JIHgHble rIOKa3aTeJIH.
HpH pa3pa6OTKe Hpo'naraHAH'C'rCKO-arHTaUHOHHbIX KapT 6oJIbuloe BHH
M3HHe Haao o6paujaTb Ha KapTOrpa(JH4eCKHe MaTepHaJlbI, CTaTHCTH4eCKH(
I~IHHble, ncTopll4ecKyI0 )JOWNIeuTauHIO H RpyrHe MaTepHaJIbI, KOTOpble MOry I
6brrb 14d'Ho.1h30130IIb1 'HpH Co31laHHH KapTbl. Bce MaTepHaJIbI J O DUKIILI 6b1!-1
TIIIaTeJIbHO npoBepeHbl.
THnbl nponaraHJUHCTCKO-arHTauHOHHbIX KapT
Ilponara Hu HCTCKO-arHTaUHOHHb1e KapTbl OXBaTblBaIOT O61H14pH , K,
o~,nacTI cTCUHaubHbIX KapT, H TeMaTHKa HX MO}KeT 6bITb CaM01l pa3300opa3
~erO Ba}KI[a HCTOpFIt1ECKa51 pyb-
i rr j___ npe ra ilril. ii~u ip_yiiiiHpOBKC 3TIIX KtipT Bc
plTKauHA, TaK IiaK COJep}KaHHe jlaHHbIX KaPT OHpC CJIACTC2 TCMH 3LI;1a'id,6O
iij:IHrnolecKoli nponarall,ZbI H IrHTaHHH, KOTOpbIC 13031,1IIKaKOT 1-ia TOM H.'1?
I0IIOM HCTOI)HV VCNOM yralle. [103TOMV Mbl Hpe7JIaraeM BCe HpOIIa!'',7 111CPC~n.
TallH(';lllldt' ! 31) 1I,I 'IC;ICIb I13 ThiC OCHOBIIble rpvoT,,Il
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/04/21 : CIA-RDP80T00246AO45400220001-3
I. KapTbt, OTo6pax{aloaLHe HCTOpmecKHe H HCTO'pHKO-peBOJ!1ouHOHHbie
L O6bITHH;
II. KapTbt, oTo6pax{alonLHe COBpeMeHHoe rocygapcTBeHHoe ycTpol3cTBO,
3KOHOMHKy H KYJlbTypy CCCP H 3apy6e}KHbIX CTpaH, a TmKe Mex{AyHapOA-
Hble OT'HOLUeHHSI.
B CB0IO o4epe,Ijb, 3TH OCHOBHb1e rpyr nbI AeJISITCH Ha IIOArpyn'nbi no
coae'p}KaHHIO 'C ytieTOM TeppHTOpHaJIbH?0'rO rlpH3HaKa. IIpHBOA'H.M npeliJlarae-
Moe AeJIeHHe nponaraHAHICTCKO-arHTaLLHOH'HbIX KapT:
I. KapTbl, OT06pax{alOluxe H'CTOPHLIeOKHe H HCTOpH'KO-pe'BOJIIOUHOHHble
C06b1THSI:
a) KapTbt, OTO,6pax{aloIUHe HCTOpHIIe'CKHe H HCTOpH'KO-peBOJIIOIjH'OH-
Hbie CO'6bITH$1 B POCCHH;
6) KapTbl, OTo6pa KaIou He H'CTOpI41O CCCP (inoCJie Be.IHKOIi OKTS16pb-
CK014 COLHaJIH,CTHile'CI{OI1 'peBOJIIOgHH) ;
B) KapTbl, OTo6pa'x{alolILHe HCTopHIo MHpOBO'rO X035IH'CrBa;
r) KapTbl, OTo6pax{aIOluHe 'HC'TOp'HIO Mex{jiy'Hapo,L'Horo pe'BOJIIOLiHOH-
HOrO aBHK{e'HHq;
II. KapTbI, O'To6pax{aiou LHe ''OB'peMeH(H'oe rocyaa'pCT'BeHHoe ycrpoiicTBo,
)KOHOMHI{y H KyJlbTypy C'CCP H 3apy6ex{HbIX CTpaH, a TaK}Ke Me K LyHapoa-
Hbie OTHoweHH5l:
A. KapTbl, oTo6pax{aIOHiHe CTpOHTeJ1bCTBO KOMMyHH3Ma B CC'CP;
B. KapTbl, oTo6pax{aiouiHe COBpeMeHHoe rocyAap'CT'BeHHoe YCTpOI-iCTBO,
3KOHOMH:Ky H KyJlbTypy 3a'py6e KHbIX CTpaH:
1) CTpaH Hapo,Hol3 J1,eMOKpaT14H;
2) Kan HTaJIHCTHtieCK'HX CTpaH.
PaCCMOTpHM B OTAeJlbHOCTH Kax{Jiy10 rpyn'Tny xapT.
1. IlponaraHAHCTCIKO-arHTa'uHOH'Hble iKapTbl, 0To6'p a -
)f a I0IuH e HCTOPHtieCKHe H HCTOpHKO-peBOJI IOuHOHHble
IC06bITHSi
I'I4CTOpmeCKHM 'H HCTOpHKO-peBOJll0ljHOHHbIM C06bITH5IM nOCBSILueHbi
MlTOFHe KapTbl H3 CepHfi HarJISIAHbIX nOCO6HH, H3jjaHHb1X IJIaBnOJIHTIIpO-
CBeTOM.
OTAe.IbHble KapTbl TIO sHCTOpHI4 MHpcBOro XO3SIHCTBa CO3,aaBaJIHCb 'H B
noc ieayiou e r0AbI.
B bOJIbI iOM 'COBeTCKOM aTJIa'ce ,MHpa (TOM I, 19317 r. H3AaHHSI) B'nepBble
6bIJI:H pa3pa60Ta'HbI KapTbl, CBH3aHHble 'C ytleHHeM B. M. JIeHH'Ha o6 H,Mne-
pHaJIH3Me. B tiHcJie 3THX KapT:
IIOJIHTHgeC'Kasi KapTa MHpa 1783 r. (MacLHTa'6 I : 80 000 000),
Pa3Aeji MHpa 1784-1876 rr.,
Pa3,aeJI MHpa 1877-1914 rr. (MaculTa6 1:80 000 000),
Conep'HH4ecTBo rJlaBHblX HMnep,HaJIHCTH,4eC'KHX aepx{aB HaKaHyHe
3OAHbI 1914-1918 rr.
OJIHaI{O 3TH KapTbl He CTaJIH AOCTOHHHeM IHIHpOKOrO Kpyra I HTaTeJIe%i.
OIIH HMeJIH 6bI orpOMHOe InponaraHaH'CTCKO-arI4TauuHOH''Hoe 3Halle'HHe, eCJIH
6bI 6bIJIH C03AaHbI B 'BHJje CTe'HHbIX KaPT 3HatIHTeJIb'HO 60JIee I{pynHOrO
MaCHITa6a.
Pa3JIHt;HbIMH opraHH3aUHSiMH H3JjaBaJIHCb CTeHHble H HaCTOJIbHbie
KapTbl, fOCBHLIjeHHble peBOJIIOLjHOHHbIM 'CO6bITHHM 'BB Poc'CHH. BbICIIIaSi na'pTHH-
HaSI IHKOJIa 'npH LIK KfICC co31ajia psu KapT-rIJlaxaTaB. HaH6o.lee inoJIHO-
IieHHble KapTbl 6bIJII'I H3AaHbl rJIaBHbI,M ynpaBJIeHHeM re0Ae3HH H KapTO-
rpa(pHH( rYFK), HainpmMep I, o T 0 6 p a >ic a RO 10 if e c o B p e m e it if o e r 0 C y j a P C T B C If
HOC VC T pO13CTBO, SIKOHOMHKY H KyJlbTypy CCCP H
3apy6C>KHbIX CTpa H, a TaKxce Me>K,Iyit a p0Jif bie
0 TH 0 111 e H H 51
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,iTO HX CJIeiyeT Pa3,UeJIHTb Ha KapTbI n00B5IHjeHFlble:
1OCYJjaPCTBeHHOMY yCTpOlCTBy;
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Me>KJjyHapOJU'HbIM OTHOIHeHHSIM.
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HanpaMep >, .
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13 KOTOpoii panne Ily>KJaIOTCSI ICaK nponaraH,UHCTbI, TaK it arli[nropi,i.
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ii.naBOB.
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o6pa3OM HO OCIIOBHbIM OTpaCJI51M HapOJjHOFO X035IIICTBa: TIpOMbIIIIJI('IlHocTH.
CeJIbCKOMV X0351HCTBY H TpaHCFIOJTY. DKOHOMHLIeCKHe KapTbI HarJT21110 1130-
6pa>KaIOT pa3MeiueHHe CyI1-(eCTByIOHLHX H BHOBb npoeKTHpyeMbIX npoMbllH-
JIeH'HbIX npeaHpHSITHH, Pa3BHTHC CejibCKoro X0351II'cTBa H '?nyTeI3 coo6meraI57.
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WY10 POJIb cblrpaJlH KapTbI B nOnVJ15Ip'H3aI);'HH fSITHJIeTHero nJIaHa pa3'BHTHSI
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IIOSIBHJIOCb B CBSI3-1 CO 'BTOpbIM H TpeTbHM,HSITHJ1eTHHMH 'njla'HaMF1. A B
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BOeHHble rOJjbI TOJIbKO OTJjeJlbHble KapTbI IIOCB3IH.(a1OTCSI XO351HCTBeHHOMy
CTPOHTeJIbCTBY CCCP, ja H TO rJIaB'HbIM O'6pa30'M B aTJla'CaX, Tor',Ia KaK
B OTLIeTHOM IOKJiaie UK K11CC XX c-be3Jjy ,HapTHH yKa3aHO: KHbI CbIrpaTb'Ba}KHyIO pOJIb B rIOHyJI3IpH3aIjHH pe'IIIeHHI?I XX C-be3-
Jja KI1CC, B M06HJIH3aUHH COBeTCKOro HapOJja Ha 'BbIHOJIHCHHC 'H HepeBbI-
I1OJIHeHHe IHecTOrO HATHJIeTHero HJiaHa. Ha KapTax JjOJI>KHbI HaIITH oTpa>Ke-
H'HC TaKHe BOTIpO'cbl: TA>KeJIaA HHJLYCTPHA KaK OCHOBa couHaJIH'CTHLIeCKOH
9KOHOMHKH; COBeTCKOe MaHIHHOCTpOeHHe KaK 'OCHOBa TeXHHLIeCKO'ro IIp0'rpec-
ca B'Cex OTpaCJIeI HapOJL'HOrO X03AHCTBa; 9JIeKTp'M iHKalj!HA Hapoaiio'ro
X0331IiCTBa CCCP; rHJjpOTeXHHLIecKOe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO B CCCP; HOJI beM Hpo-
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ypoxtaeB, BbICOKHX noKa3aTeJIei )KHBOTHO'BOJjCTBa; IIpo2BH>Ke'HHe HOCCBOB
KYKypy3bl 'B 'HOBble paHOHbI H p$JL ap. BOJIbIUGH HHTepeC MoryT,HpeJjCTaBHTb
KapTbI, noCBHu eHHble npaBHJIb'HOMy reorpa4 HLIeCKOMy pa3MemeHHIo npOH3-
BoJjHTeJIbHbIX 'CHJI Haluec CTpaHbI, Ha LITO O6paTHJI BHHMa'HHe KaK HIOJIbCKHH
nJle'HyM UK KIICC, TaK H XX 'Cbe3JZ KIICC.
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'C T B 0, fOLTTH He H3,,aa'BaJIHCb. Moxi'HO Ha3'BaTb TOJIb'KO OTJjeJlbHble HpHMepbl
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Hoo6pa3Ha. OCHOBHbIMH HafpaBJIeHHSI'MH aOMKHbI ABJIATbCA:
a) oTpa>KeHHe Ha KapTaX KyJIbTypHO'1-0 YPOBHH HaCeJIe'HHH H HepCHeK-
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KyJIbTypHO=HpOCBCTHTeJlb'HbIX yLlpeH{J[eHHIi.
KapTbI, OTO'6pa>KaJOIIJHe McHCJJ.yHapoJjHble OTHOHIe-
11 H A. ga'HHbIH THH KapT HBJIAeT'CA HaHMeHee pa3pa6'O7aHHbIM. He6oJIbnioe
KOJI'HLIeCTBO KapT, HOCBSIHjeHHbIX BO'npocaM BHenIHeH HOJIHTHKH CCCP, 6bIJI0
,H3)laHO 1'JIaBIIOJIHTHpocaeTOM ('Ha'npHMep, >).
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HbIM OTHOIIIeHHAM JjOJIxC'HO BeCTHCb no CJIeayloMHM Ha'Hpa'BJIe'HHAM:
a) oTo6pa>KeHHe Ha KapTaX 'noJIHTHLIeCKHX co6bITHIi iB 3apy6e KIlblx
CTpaHaX, Ha'npHMe'p 6opb6a rocyaapCTB 3a HaUHoHaJIbHyIO He3aBHCHMOCTI,
H o6pa30'Ba'HHe HOBbIX IeM'OKpaTHLIeCKHX pecny6JIHK. KaK OTMeTHJI XX Cbe3Jj
KIZCC, HPOHCXOaHIIJ.HH pa'cnaJj KOJIOHHaJIbHOH CHCTeMbI HM'HepHaJIH3Ma
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fl03TOMy oTo6pa)KeH'He Ha nOJIHTHLIeCKHX KapTax MHpa rpynn racyJjap'CTB
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6) OTO6pa>KeHHe Ha xapTax poCTa MexKHO 6bIJ1'o 6bI, Ha'npuMep, BKJIIOL4HTb KapTy KB'HeHIHe-
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TOPrOBbie CBSI3H CCCP>>; KapTbI, 'HOCBsiu eH'Hbie o6MeHy jjejieraljTIAMH Me}KJjy
CCCP H 3apy6e KHbIMH CTpaHaM'H; KapTbl HaygHOrO COTpyJJ'HHLIeCTBa, HaHpH-
.Mep B CBA3H C 'npOBeJjeHHeM MexcJjvHapojjH.oro 1_e0~H3HLTe'cKoro rojja H RP.
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HbIX CTp a'H
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HjeHHbIX aOCTHx(eH'H5lM CTpaH HapOJIHOI3 JIeMOKpaTHH B 'CTPOHTeJlbCTBe COijHa-
.iiH3Ma, HMeeT OLIeHb Bax{Hoe 3HageHHe. Ha XX C'be3Jje KIICC 6bIJIO OTMe-
ueHO: (>, > (MaCHITa6 1 : 80 000 000) ; (MaCHITa6 1 : 80 000 000) no aaHHbIM 1935 r.; (MaCHITa6 I : 80 000 000) 'HO ua'HHbIM 1935 r.
C03,aaHHe CTeHHbIX HporiaraHJjHCTCKO-arHTaUHOHHbIX KapT, TIOC'BSIHIeH-
HbIX BOHpocaM 3K0'HOMHTIecKoro 'HOJIOM{e'HHA B 'CTpaHax Ka'HHTaJIa H JjaJIb--
HeIiHIero o60':CTpeHHA HpOTHBOpegIHIi IKa1HHTaJHJ'CTH4eCKO1R CHCTeMbI,'HpejjCTaB-
JIHeT OrpOM'HbIII HHTepeC JjJIA JleKUHO'HHO-MaC'CO'BOIi pa,60TbI.
COCTaBJ1eHHe H O(bopMJieHHe CTeHHbIX HpOnaraHl HCTCKO-arHTaIjHOHHbIX KapT
KaK H3BeCTHO, C03,aaHHe KapTbl 'HaLIHHaeTCA C pe,TjaKIIHOH'HO-rioarOTOBH-
TeJIbHblX pa6OT, KOTOpble BKJIIOLIaIOT: chop, aHaJIH3 H oueHKy KapTorpa(JHYe-
CKIIX MaTepHaJIOB; H3yLIeHHe TeppHTOpHH H BCeX KapTorpa(1HpyeMbIx 51BJIe-
HHIi, co6bITIII4 HJIH o6'beKTO)3; COCTaBJIeHHe 'HpoirpaMMbl KapTbl. 11x HpoBO;jH'r
pefi,alcrop 'HOCJIe HOJIyi-IeHHA 3aj[aHH51 Ha KapTy, B KOTOpOM o6bIYHO yKa3bi-
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COOP. CH'CTeMaTH3aL HA H olje'HKa HCTOLIHHKOB JJTIH COCTaBJIeHHA KapTbI;
113VOICHHC KapTOrpa(p'HpyeMOIi TeppHTOplH H KapTOrpa(lHpyeMblx HBJTeHHO,
COObITHO HJIII O'O'beKTO'B RaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb peJjaKTOpy pa3pa6OTaTb 3auaHHe
Ha a'BTOpCKHII MaKeT (opHrHHaji). B 3TOM 3a;jaHHH yKa3bIBaeTCH: MaCWTa6
KapTbI; ee KOM'HOHOBKa; pa3Mep HO BHYTpeHHHM paMKaM; (JopMaT OyMarH;
HpoeKiuHA; LIaCTOTa rpaJjyCHOIi ceTKH; 'HepeLleHb BCex 3JIeMeHTOB coLlepx(a-
HHA; vKa3btBaIOTCA MaTepHaJTbi, HO KOTOpbIM HaHOCHTCH Te HJIH HHb1e 3JIe-
56
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McHTbI H xapaKTep o6o6Hjexxx H oT6opa Hx; 'HpHBo,JHTCH cnHCIKH 'HaceJleH'HbIX
rIyHI{TOB HJIH yI{a3bIBaJOTC51 MaTepHaJIbI, C KOTOpbIX OHH 6epyTCSI; rpaHH4bI-
Ha KaKOH roa IIOKa3bI'BaIOTC5I If 1110 KaKHM MaTepHaJlaM; 01IHCKH Ha3BaHHFI
3JIeMeHTOB rMAporpa,cp:H'H, al MHHHCTpaTHBHbIX eAHHHIL H apynme; I(BeTa
IIITpHXOBbIX 3JIeMeHTOB H '()0'HOBble KpacxH H T. III. TaKHM o6pa30M, AaloTc5i
BIIOJIHe KOHKpeTHble yKa3aHHH IIO BCeM BanpocaM coAepx{a'HHH H OcpopMJle-
HH51 KapTbI. K 3aaaHHIO Ha aBTOp'CKOii MaKeT (opxnxxaJJ) npMJiaraloTc5:
MaKeT KOMIIIOHOBKH, Ta6J1Hlja yCJIOBHbIX 3HaKOB, KOTOpble OKOH4aTeJIbHO
OTpa'6aTbI'BaIOTCH B npogecce C03,aaHHH IMaKe'Ta, a TaIK}Ke BMeCTO CrIHCKOB
TeX HJIH HHbIX 3JIeMeHTOIB (HJIH B AOnOJIHeHHe K HHM, MaKeTbI OT6Opa rHApo-
rpacpHH, r'paHHI.j, nyTeci coo61ueHHq,