ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF TECHINCAL DESCRIPTION OF DISPLAY EQUIPMENT OF THE SOVIET P-30-M (BIG BAR) RADAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A031600070001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 288
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 24, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 5, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

rDeclassified in Part :Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/10/24: CIA-RDP80T00246A031600070001-3
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY
50X1 -HUM
USSR
SUBJECT English Translation of Technical
Description of Display Equipment
of the Soviet P-30-M (BIG BAR)
Radar
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
QrJune 1964
1
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
-THIS IS IINFVAI IIATFO
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50X1
INFORMATION SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATivF
5
4
3
2
An English translation of a Soviet manual entitled Mobile
Acquisition .and Guidance Radar P-30-M9 Technical Den77-Tion
? art II Dis la E ui ment (Podvizh- "
TiTa?YIUTEETkarillinliaya stantslya o naruz enlya ? navedeniya
P-30-M: tekhnicheskoye opisaniye, chast vtorava indikator-
nava almaraturan YeA1.211AOR TO-TT-111
Distribution of Attachment for Retention:
00/FDD:
OSI:
ORR:
Army:
Army/FSTC:
Navy:
Navy/STIC:
Air:
Air/FTD:
SAC:
DIA:
NSA:
1
2
2
3
3
copy
copies,
copies /
copies
copies
1 copy
1 copy
2 copies
4 copies
1 copy
1 copy
6 copies
S-F-C-R-F-T
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iss
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GROUP I
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
STATE 1 MA1 ARMY 1 NAVY 1 AM I NSA VA,113/ NI C I OCR
00/FDD Army/FSTC Air/FTD Navy/STIC
(Note: Field distribution indicated by "#".)
I SAC
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MOBILE ACQUISITION AND GUIDANCE RADAR
PP-30M
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
PART II
DISPLAY UNIT
YeA1.231.008
(English Translation)
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MOBILE ACQUISITION AND GUIDANCE RADAR P-304f
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION YeA1.231.008 TO-II-B
PART II. DISPLAY EQUIPMENT
(I.
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CONTENTS ,
li?
Table of Conventional Designations
CHqTER ONE. GENERAL INFORMATION ,ON THE DISPLAY EQUIPMENT
1. Function and Operation of the Display Equipment
2. Make-up of the,Display Equipment
3. Interaction of the Display Equipment .
CHAPTER TWO. MASTER VOLTAGE AND_FILTER CABTIsiKTPI-F1-?,_
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in
IMO
3
6
1.
General Information
13
2.
Trigger Unit BZ
16
3.
Synchronous Tracking Transmission System
SSP
26
4.
Main Selsyn Unit FD-62
33
5.-
Rotation Simulator Unit IV -
36
6.
Secondary Selsyn Unit VD-1
43
7.
Servoamplifier Unit US
Si
8.
9.
Higher-Frequency Generator Unit GCN4.
Azimuth Scale Marker Unit 0A-5-1
58
62
10.//Azimuth Scale Marker Unit 0A-1-1
11: Input Unit VU
Integrator Unit IU-1
13. Spiral Sweep Generator Unit OR
14. Test Unit KO-3
71
78
91
113
121
CHAPTER THREE. PLAN POSITION INDICATOR IK0-3
129
1. General Information on the Operation of the Indicator
129
2. Indicator Scope Unit TI-1
135
3. Sweep Delay Unit ZR-3
146
4. Range Sweep Unit RD
5. Video Signal Mixer and Amplifier Unit VS-3
169
6. Sweep Delay Unit ZR-2
176
CHAPTER FOUR. STATION REMOTE CONTROL CABINET DUS-1
182
1. General Information on the Operation of the Equipment
182
2. Signal Mixer Unit SS-1
-Noise
187
.3. Blanking and Tuning Unit for-Protection
Apparatus BNF
193
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CHAPTER FIVE. HEIGHT MEASUREMENT INDICATOR IIV-1 203
# 1. General Information on the Operation of the Indicator 203
2. Indicator Tube Unit TI -2 209
3. Projection Adapter Unit PN-12 217
4. Elevation Sweep Input Unit RU-1 9; 221
5. Elevation Sweep Output Unit RU-2 .0. 228
6. Video Signal Unit VS-4 234
-
CHAPTER SIX. AZIMUTH-RANGE INDICATOR IAD-1 sO 239
1. General Information on the Operation of
2. Scope Unit TI-3
3. Azimuth Sweep Unit RA
:-CHAPTER SEVEN. POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT '
1. General Information
2. BP-300 Power Supply Unit
3. BP-200 Power Supply Unit ?
L. BP-150 Power Supply Unit:
5. BP-7 Power Supply Unit
6. Power Supply Control Unit UPT-1
CHAPTER EIGHT. INDICATOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT
the Indicator
1. Communication System of the Radar.-Station ----
2. Ventilating and Heating System of. the Vehicle
3. Lighting
L. Arrangement of Cables
;v?
239
2)44
244
251
251
251
256
261
266
271
276
276
277
281
281
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Table of Conventional Designations
RL-30-1 R9dio Relay Line
NRZ-1 Ground Radar Interrogator
KPI Command Guidance Post, of the RL-30-1 System
ZN-F1 Master-Voltage and Filter Cabinet.,
BZ Trigger Unit
SSP Synchronous Tracking Transmission System
,
6-02 Main Selsyn Unit
IV Rotation Simulator Unit
VD-1 Secondary Selsyn Unit
US , Servoamplifier Unit
GCh Higher-Frequency Generator Unit
' 0A-5-1 5-Degree and 30-Degree Marker Unit
0A-1-1 1-Degree Marker Unit
KO-3 Test Unit
IU-1 Integrating Unit
VU Input Unit.
GR Sweep Generator Unit
U-OCh Amplifier Subassembly,
IK0-1 Plan Position Indicator
TI-1 IK0-1 and IKO-V1 Scope Unit
ZR-3 Sweep Delay Unit for IK0-1 and IAD-1
IKO-V1 Plan_ Positicit Indicator for Command Guidance Post
RD Range Sweep Unit
(p 5)
(p 6)
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VS-3 IK0-1 and IND-1 Video Signal Unit
DUS-1 Station Remote Control Cabinet
85-1 S?al Mixer
BNF Blanking and Tuning Unit of Noise-Protection Apparatus
IIV-1 Height Measurement Indicator
TI-2 IIV-1 Scope Unit
PN-12 Projection Adapter of Unit TI-2
RU-1 Elevation Sweep Input Unit ?
RU-2 Elevation Sweep Output Unit
vs-4 Video Signal Unit for IIV-1
IAD-1 Azimuth-Range Indicator
,v1
TI -3 / IAD-1 Scope Unit
RA Azimuth Sweep Unit
BP-300 +300 Volt Power Supply Unit
--
BP-200 +200 Volt Power Supply Unit ,4?
BP-150 -150 Volt Power Supply Unit'
BP-7 +7.1 KV Power Supply Unit
UPT-1 ' Power Supply Control Unit
Shch0V Lighting and Ventilation Panel
?
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The instruments of the synchronous tracking transmiasion system -(8SP) (p 9)
are designed/for the remote transmission of the rotation of the antenna.
Voltages generated by this system are used to turn the deflection coils
in the plan position indicators, to 'supply the elevation and azimuth sweeps,
in the height-measurement and azimuth-range. indicators, and for shaping
electrical markers for the angle of rotation.of the antenna. Elements of
the SSP system are component parts of the display equipment cabinets and ?
,various auxiliary units. The main selsyn unit of the system is located in
' ,:vehicle No 1.
Electrical range-marker pips, correspon4ing to given ranges and angles
of rotation of the antenna, are created on the indicator screens by range
marker instruments located in the master voltage cabinet.
Each display cabinet receives power from standard power supply units
supplying stabilized voltages of +200 vl -150 v, and47.1 kv and an
unstabilized voltage of4.300 v. The tube filament circuits are supplied
by self-contained filament transformers located in each of the units.
The monitoring PPI and its auxilliary equipment are-uied to carry
out continuous remote monitoring of the operation of all station receivers
and to select the optimum operating mode for .the station.
The remote control panel located at the monitoring indicator provides
for remote control arid-observation of equipment in the transceiver cabin.
,/
/ 2. Make-up of the Display Eqpment
VehiCle No 2AFigure 1) contains:
R.
1
Master voltage and filter cabinet ZN-FI.
Plan position indicator cabinet IK071.
- 5.
Station remote control cabinet DUS-1.
4.
Height Measurement indicator cabinet IIV-1..
5.
Azimuth-range indicator cabinet IND-1.
6.
Radio relay lite cabinet
7.
Equipment of the interrogator system -10, B-12,
B-141
B-167
8.
Communications equipment for the station.
(p10)
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Fig. 1. Vehicle No 2.
Fig. 2. Arrangement of Equipment in 'Vehicle No 2.
1 - telephone operator's table; 2 - radio relay line; 3 - IFF system
equipment and spare parts; 4 - DUS-1 remote control cabinet; 5 - master
voltage cabinet ZN-Fl; 6 - IAD-1 azimuth-range indicator cabinet; 7 - 1K0-1
PPI cabinet; 8 - IIV-1 height measurement indicator cabinet; 9 - spare
parts cabinet; 10 - input distributing board; 11 - output distributing
board; 12 - 3-12 control panel.
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9. AuxilliarY equipment for lighting and ventilation of the.
A
A diagram showing the location of,the equipment in the vehicle is
given in Figure 24 . ,
?
The equipment located at the command guidance post and Operating in
the radio relay system includes::
1. Receiver cabinet for radio relay lite RL-30-1:
2. Four cabinets for the IO-V1 plan position indicator.
3. Communications equipment.?
I. Auxilliary equipment.
?
The ZN-Fl cabinet includes units which generate trigger pulses, (P 13)
range-and azimuth-marker pulses, and secondary voltages.of the SSP system, ?
.and which produce voltages of the main selsyn unit; it also includes units
which decrease non-synchronoub pulse noises on the screens of the indicators
(filter units).
The IK0-1 and IKO-V1 cabinets include units used to observe the
position of' targets within the zone of visOility of the station and to
determine their slant range and azimuth. -
The DUS-1 cabinet contains the monitoris4 PPI, mixers of the reflected
signal channel, and the station remote control panel. The scope of the.
,4Ddonitoring indicator may be used to monitor the output circuits of all
receivers in the station in addition to observing targets and determining
their coordinates.
The IIV-1 cabinet is used to measure the altitude of detected targets.
-R)rthisputposela special. scale is projected 'on the scope by means of an
optical device:
The IAD-1 cabinet is used for the accurate measurement of the slant
range and azimuth of detected targets.
The radio relay equipment serves for the' transmission of displays from
the scope of the PPI to the command post, which may be located up to 15 km
from the station.
The interrogation system, located in the indicator vehicle, includes
transceiver unit B-10, indicator B-161 distributor and circuit-protection
unit 'B14, and control panel B-12.
The communications equipment of the station includes a 10-line
switchboard with phone, phones located in the' indicator cabinets, and a
VHF radio R-109 for communication with the command guidance post.
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Heating and ventilation of the vehicle Is provided by an OV-65 heater
apparatus, an electric heater, and a ventilation system which maintains
normal temperatures in the cabinets' and the'vehicle.
Construction of the display equipment is based on the principle of
using small functional units linked together in cabinets serving different
purposes.
14%
A significant number of units are of general purpose and are used in'
different cabinets. Structurally, the majority of the units are Made on
standard cast chassis to which are attached the components and assemblies
making up the unit.
The tubes of each unit are placed in a special tube compartment closed
by a door on the front panel.
Each cabinet contains, in.addition to the standard units, a group of
non-standard units. The cabinets are arranged so that the non-standard
units are located in central compartments in the cabinet.and the standard (p 15)
units are in side compartments. All cabinets are of a single,type. .
,The standard units are placed one under'the other so that their tube
compartments form two vertical ducts (tube channels) on either side of
the cabinet. The tube channels of all cabinet's are connected to a common
heating-ventilating system of the vehicle, thus maintaining normal
temperature conditions within each cabinet. .
On the chassis of each unit is.a plate with a.picture of the schematic
diagram of the unit, and on the doors of the tube compartments are plates'
with brief data on the unit:
The units are connected in each
tors, and the cabinet connections in
located on the cable mounting plates
Figure 3 shows the IIV-1, IK0-1
shows the ZN-Fl and DUS-1 cabinets.
cabinetrby means of knife-type connec- ?
the vehicle are by plug connectors
of eactecabinet.
and cabinets, and Figure 4
3. Interaction of the Display' Equipment.
A diagram showing the interaction of the display equipment is given
In Figure 5.
Signals from the outputs of the centimeter-wave receivers and voltages
of the test, control, and circuit-protection circuits of the transceiver
apparatus pass from the transceiver cabin, through distributing board
RShch -3, to vehicle No 2.
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Fig. 3. IN-1, and IAD-1 Displays.
1 - IIV-1; 2 -. 11(0-i; 3 - IAD-1.
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Fig. 4. ZN-Fl and DUS-1 Cabinets.
1 - ZN-Fl; 2 - DUS-1.
8
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Signals are fed from the outputs of the:Centimeter-wave receivers to p 19)
the DUS-1 cabinet, where they may be viewed on the scope of unit ZR-3 and,
the monitoring display, and then to two Video channels EI and Eli (corres-,
ponding to he receivers of the vertical andslant channels).
The signals in channels EI and Eli may%e sent to the displays
directly o(first OpOrating mode) or throughlpits for protection against .
non-synchronous pulse' noises (filter units)lblocated in cabinet ZN-Fl
(second operating mode).
The switching circuits of the first and' second operating modes are .
located in unit VU of cabinet ZN-Fl add in units 55-1 of cabinet DUB-i.
The first mode is the direct transmission of signals of channels EI
and Eli to the station displays.
The signals are sent to unit VU in cabinet ZN-Fl (EIkf and EIIkf).
When the switch is in the position "DUS," the signals are sent directly to
the displays by way of IAD-1, IKO -1, IIV -1, cabinet P11-1, and distributing
board RShch -4.
At the same time, these signals pass through units designed. to protect
against non-synchronous pulse noises, and, after this filtering, return to
cabinet DUS-1 (EI-;Fl and Eli-Fl) where they' ave observed on the' scope of
the monitoring display; then they are sent through circuits EI-F2 and
EII-F2 to unit VU in' cabinet ZN-Fl to a load equivalent.
Switching of these signals occurs in units SS-1 when the signals are
sent to the monitoring display; that is, when the switch on unit SS-1 is. ,
'in the position ."VYKh-F," filtered signals from EI and Eli appear on the
scope, and when the switch is in thesPositiA "VYKh SS," unfiltered signals
appear. .
The second mode is the transmission of ,aignals of EI and Eli to the (p 20)
station displays after they have been filtered.
In this mode, the switch in unit VU of cabinet ZN-F1 is placed in the
position "IND." In this case, the EI and Eli signals are fed to units for
protection against non-synchronous pulse noises, are filtered in these
units, and are sent to the displays by way of the same circuits as in the
first operating mode. The monitoring display of cabinet DUB-1 retains
the capability of monitoring the .EI and Eli signals both before and after
they have been'filtered.
The NRZ-1 interrogator signal is sent from the output of transmitter
B-11 through a T-junction to the antenna.. The identification signals'
received by the antenna are' fed through the same T-junction to receiver
B-15 and from the output of thereaeiver to cabinets DUS-1 and P-11-1 and
then to distributor board RShch-4, where the' identification signal circuit
is equivalent loaded.
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The voltages from the synchronous tracking transmission circuits are
sent from main selsyn unit FD-02 of the transceiver cabin to cabinet ZN-1011
where the operating mode of the SSP system is switched (operate-simulate)
and secondary voltages at frequencies of 1,500 and 43 cps are generated.
The SSP voltages (1,500 and 50 cps) are fed from cabinet ZN-Fl to dis-
tributing board RShch-3 and from it to the displays. The 50-cps voltage is
sent to the monitoring display of cabinet DUS-1, to IK0-11 and to output
board. RShch-4. The 11500-cps voltages are fed from RShch-3 to the IAD-1
and ID/-i displays. The 43 cps voltages are sent to cabinet P-11-1. ?
Voltages of the control, testing, and circuit-protection system of the
transceiver apparatus are applied directly to remote control panel PDU-1
located in cabinet DUS-1.
Rocking of the antenna may be controlled from the PDU-1 panel or from
units UN-I (in cabinet IKO-1) and UN-II (in cabinet IIV-1). The voltages of
these circuits are fed to PDU-1 through RShch-3.
(p
[
The 220 v, 50 cps supply voltate from the electrical power unit in
vehicle No 2 is fed to distributing'board Rphch-3 and then to each of the
displays in the vehicle and the heating, ventilation, and lighting panels.
The telephone circuits lead to terminals, on Rach-3. The telephone
circuit of the display in cabinet DUS-1 is connected to the switchboard.
Other circuits which are fed to the station displays, in addition to
the external circuits, are the trigger pulse and scale marker circuits, which
originate in cabinet ZN-Fl.
Two trigger pulses come from cabinet ZN-Fl. One pulse (ZAP-I) is
applied to distributing board RShch-3 and then to the transceiver cabin for
synchronous triggering of the transmitter.
The second pulse (ZAP-II) is fed in sequence to cabinets DUS-1? IAD-11
IK0-1, IIV-1, NRZ-1, cabinet P-11-1, and to distributing board RShch-4.
The range and azimuth markers are fed in sequence from cabinet ZN-Fl to
cabinets DUS-11 IAD-1, IK0-11 IIV-1? cabinet P-11-1, and to RShch-4.
, The PPI displays operating in the RL-30-1 radio relay line are connected
to receiver cabinet V-11-1 through distributing board RShchV-KPN.
The following voltages are applied to each of'the cabinets of IKO-V1:
SSP at a frequency of 50 cps, power supply of 220 vl 50 cps, mixed signals
through channels EI and Eli, and trigger pulses.
(p
21)
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22)
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50X1-HUM
(See following page for KPN system)
50X1-HUM,
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CHAPTER TWO 4' (P 23)
MASTER VOLTAGE AND FILTER CABINET ZN-Fl
/
1. General Information
Cabinet ZN-Fl (Figure 6) generates trigger pulses for the transmitter
and display equipment, range and azimuth scale markers, and supply voltages
for elevation and azimuth scanning of the height measurement indicator and
azimuth-range indicator. In addition, the cabinet also provides for pro-
tection of the video channels against non-synchronous pulse noises. Cabinet
ZN-Fl also includes devices for simulating rotation of the antenna and the
secondary transducer unit of the SSP system.
Technical data. Cabinet ZN-Fl produces "the following:
1. A positive trigger pulse (with an amplitude of not less than 25 v).
2. ..Rsingescalemarkers of 2, 10, 50, and 100 km (with controlled marker
amplitude).
3. Azimuth scale markers of 10, 50, and 300 (with controlled marker
amplitude).
4. Antenna rotation angle voltages of 'the synchronous tracking trans-
mission system for supplying the deflection coil rotation system of IK0-11
the elevation and azimuth sweeps of II1T-1 and IAD-11 and the shaping circuits
for the azimuth scale markers.
Cabinet ZN-Fl also provides for protection of the video channel against
interference created by adjacent radars having a pulse train rate up to
3,000 cps (when the separation of equal or multiple rates between the dis-
turbing radars and the protected radar is not less than 0.5%).
The ratio of the number of markers from one and the same target obser-
ved at IK0-1 before and after the noise-protection unit must be at least 95%.
Make-up of cabinet ZN-Fl. Cabinet ZN-Fl includes the following units:
BZ - trigger and range markers;.
0A-1-1 - one-degree azimuth markers;
0A-5-1 - five-degree and thirty-degree azimuth markers;
KO-3 - monitoring test oscilloscope; ,
VD-1 - secondary selsyn unit;
US - servoamplifier;
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IV - rotation simulator;
GCh - 1,500 ops freqUency_generator;.
/
VU input device;
IU7I .- integrator;
OR - sweep generator;
- +300 v power supply;
BP-300
BP-200 - +200 v power supply;
BP-150 - -150 v power supply;
UPT-1 power supply control.
Units IU-1, K0-3, VD-1, IV, and UPT-1 are centralized. In the left
compartments (from top. to bottom) are units CA-5-11 GChl BP-200, and
BP-300, and in the right compartments -- GR, BZ, 0A-1-11 US, and BP-150.
Wiring diagram in the cabinet.
A wiring diagram of equipment in cabinet'ZN-F1 is given in Figure 7.
'Unit BZ generates trigger pulses which are sent to the transceiver (p 26) '
cabin, to all displays, to unit B-16 of the NEZ-1 system, and to the
transmitter cabinet of the RL-30-1 system. This .same unit forms the range
scale markers. Units 0A-1-1 and 0A-5-1 generate the azimuth scale markers.
Units IV, VD-I, GCh, and US belong to the SSP system. Unit IV is the
antenna rotation simulator of the radar. The unit generates primary
voltages for supplying all elements of the SSP system. In addition, unit
IV provides switching of the primary circuits of SSP running from main
selsyn unit FD-02 and from unit IV. Unit VD-1 generates elevation and
azimuth weep voltages for IIV-1 and IAD-1, pulse-shaping voltages for the
30-degree azimuth markers, and SSP voltages at a frequency of 43 cps used
in radio relay line RL-30-1. Unit US is used to rotate the motor in unit
VD-1 in synchronization with the rotation of,the selsyns of unit FD-02 or
unit:IV. Unit GCh generates voltages at 'a frequency of 1,500 cps for
supplying the selsyns in units IV, VD-1, and,7D-02.
The noise-protection apparatus (units VC, IU-1, and GR) are designed
to decrease non-synchronous pulse noises on the indicator screens which
are created by the operation of neighboring radars, as well as to decrease
noise caused by the receivers themselves.
Return signals are mixed in units SS-1 (cabinet DUS-1) and are sent
by two channels to the input device (unit VU)-of the noise-protection
apparatus.
50X1-HUM
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Fig. 7. Wiring Diagram for Cabinet ZN-Fl.
I ,
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50X1 -HUM
Unit VU shapes all input'signals into pulses of identical amplitude ' ?
. and duration. :These signals pass to unit Ithll where the useful signal is (p 28)
_ -
--separated:out and amplified.
/
The filtered\signals are applied to thedisplays or to load equivar
lents; that /is, it is possible to connect the displays in front of the.
noise-protection apparatus or behind it
//Unit GR generates voltages for spiral edam-ling in tubes LN-7 of unit
The noise-protection apparatus
on and off the supply voltages.
?
is capable of independently switching
Unit K0-3 is used to monitor different 'Points in the circuits of
units BZ, 0A-1-11 0A-5-11 VU, GR, and IU-1. (A. stabilized voltage of ? ?
1'650 v is generated in this unit to supply tubes LN-7 in unit IU-1.
2. Trigger Unit BZ.,
Function. The trigger unit (Figure 8) generates trigger pulses
required for synchronous operation of the transceiver and display
equipment and shapes 21 101 50, and 100-km range markers.'
Technical data on the unit. Amplitude of the trigger pulses is at
least 25 v, pulse duration of ZAP I is on the order of 1 microsecond
and of ZAP II -- not less than 1.5 microseconds, and the repetition rate
is 375 cps. The amplitude of the 101 50, and 100-km range marker pulses
is individually controlled within limits of,6,to 12 vl the 2-km range
marker pulse amplitude -- within 9 to 12 vl ybile pulse duration is on '
the order of 1 microsecond.
Functional diagram of the unit. Figure 9 gives a functional diagram
? -.11
of unit BZ. The unit includes:
110
quartz oscillator;
six' frequency divider stages;
a trigger pulse repeater stage;
four delay lines;
AP
four output stages for shaping the 2,r, 10, 501 and 100-km range
scale markers.
p 31)
The principle of operation of this circuit is based on division of the.
.stable frequency of the quartz oscillator, which generates a relatively
high frequency of 74,917 cps (75 kc is used for purposes of simplifying
50X1 -HUM
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?
?
50X1-HUM
Fig. 8. Unit BZ.
1 - amplitude control for 2-km markers; 2 - illuminating bulb holder;
3 - amplitude control for 10-km markers; 4 - amplitude control for 50-km
markers; 5 - amplitude control for 100-km markers; 6 - plug covers;
7 - tubes in tube channel; 8 - label inside door.
/7
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?
?iq
50X1 -HUM?
-,
,. ? ?
,
t, ?
4
?
Fig. 9. Functional Diagrilim of Unit BZ.
1 - quartz oscillator; 2 - first divider stage; 3 - second divider stage;
14 - third divider stage; 5 - fourth dividert'stage; 6 - fifth divider stage; ? .
- sixth divider stage; 8 - trigger pulse repeater stage; 9 - delay line
Ul; 10 delay line 112; 11 delay line U3;-,1.2 - delay line U/4; 13 - 2-km ?
marker 'Output stage; 114. - 10-km marker output stage; 15 - 50-km marker
output stage; 16 - 100-km marker output ,stage.
, .
? :41,4 4
?
,
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50X1-HUM
calculations); this frequency is divided in six stages in the following ratio:
first stage -- division of 1:1; 1.= 75J'ztc;
J'
second stage -. division of 1:5; L. =l kc;
third stage -- division of 1:5; a= kc;
5 3
fourth stage division of 1;2; ? 1.5 kc;'
2
fifth stage -- division of 1:2; 1 500 :ij750 cps;
2
sixth stage -- division of 1:2; 750 375 cps.
?2" ? ,".
Pulses of the sixth divider stage (ZAP):), with a frequency of 375 cps,
are used to trigger the transmitter. These'pulses are repeated by the -
trigger pulse repeater stage and are sent from here to trigger the
display equipment (ZAP II).. 4
Pulses of the first, second, third, and'fourth?divider stages are
-' used to shape 'the range marker pulses:
Fivst stage -- to shape the 2-km markers;
second stage -7 to shape the 10-km markers;
third stage -- to shape the 50-km markers;
:A
fourth stage -- to shape the 100-1cm markers.
The trigger pulses are shaped in the output stagesl.which are
blocking oscillators synchronized by pulses of the corresponding divider
stage.
(P32)
The blocking oscillators for the 2-km and 10-km markers have separate.
outputs, while the 50 and 100-km blocking oscillators have a common output.
,
All the frequency divider stages'are blocking oscillators. There is
a delay of the output pulse by 0.3 to 0.4 microsecond in each stage. In
addition, the main pulse emitted by the transMitter is delayed relative to
the output pulse of unit BZ. This delay is aused by the considerable
length of the connecting cable and the time required to form the main
pulse in the transmitter. The total delay time between a pulse of the '
first frequency divider stage in unit BZ and. the main transmitter pulse
mustbe compensated for by an identidal displaceMent of the
range scale markers. For this purpose a delay line is introduced into
the synchronization circuit of the 2-km marker-shaping output stage. The
pulse of the first divider stage, after being delayed by the line, is sent
to the 2-km marker-shaping output stage. The output pulse of the 2-km
marker blocking oscillator is delayed further by 0.3 to 0.4 microsecond.
/
50X1 -HUM
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,
Thus, due to the presence of the delay line, the moment of
A
radiation of the main transmitter pulse coincides with one of the
2-km range marker pulses.
The 10, 501 and 100-km markers are formed in the same manner as the
2-km pulses, Pulses of the second, third, and fourth stages are fed to
their awn output stages. Between the individual divider stages is a delay .(la 33)
of the output pulses by 0.3 to 0.4 microsecond which is compensated for
by the introduction of delay lines.
The delay tines in the 101 501 and 100-km shaping circuits are
different between each of the shaping stages,and the output stages.
The unit has four controls: "AMPL 2," "AMPL 101" "AMPL 50" and
"AMPL 100," which are used for individual adjustment of the amplitude of
the range marker pulses at the output of unit, BZ.
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. A schematic
diagram of unit BZ is given in Figure 10. The first stage of the circuit
is the quartz oscillator which provides sinusoidal voltage at 74,917 cps.
The oscillator uses the left half of tube V1, and the quartz is connected
between the plate and grid of the tube. The'first frequency divider stage
is synchronized by sinusoidal oscillations of the quartz oscillator..
Description of the frequency dividers. The first frequency divider
stage is a self-excited blocking oscillator, which uses the right half of
tube VI. The synchronizing oscillations from the plate of the left half
of tube V1 are applied to the grid of the right half of the tube through
blocking capacitor C13 and the grid winding of blocking transformer Tn.
The large amplitude of the synchronizing oscillations provides precise
synchronization. The blocking oscillator.ofAhe'first divider stage repeats
the quartz frequency, that is, it operates at 741917 cps.
During the passage of the blocking osciI1ator pulse, capacitor C14 is
charged by the grid currents of the tube to a negative voltage which blanks .
the tube. The capacitor discharges during the interval between pulses
through grid resistor R14. With this, the voltage at the grid almost '
reaches the triggering voltage of the tube, and, consequently, the voltage (p 35)
of the quartz oscillator at the grid causes the blocking oscillator to
trigger.
The external synchronization voltage causes an increase in the potential
at the grid of the right half of tube V1 and forces the blocking oscillator
to fire. Thus, the frequency of generated pulses is synchronized by the
external voltage of the quartz oscillator. 1
The second divider stage, like the first, is a self-excited blocking
oscillator and is based on the left half of tube V2. Pulses of the first
divider stage, taken from the cathode of Vlb, are used to synchronize this
stage. These pulses are applied to the grid of V2a through decoupling
resistor Ric onti nnA nf +11P trinligntre nf hinnkina trAngformAr Tr? (tAng 1.4).
.50X1 -HUM
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;14
Schematic
50X1 -HUM
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Resistor R15 reduces the influence of the second frequency divider stage
on the first.
In theisecond stage there is a frequency division of 5; that is, the
stage operates at'a frequency Of 15 kc. An oscillatory circuit consisting
of 12 and C16 is connected to the cathode .of blocking oscillator V2a to
. increase the stability of frequency dilitsion. The natural frequency of the
circuit is 1.5 times greater than the frequehcy of the blocking cecillator.
of the second frequency divider stage and is equal to 22.5 kc. At the
moment a pulse is generated by the blocking oscillator of the second
frequency divider stage, sinusoidal oscillations are excited in this (I) 36)
circuit and, as a result, in the cathode_ofLV2a. The voltage between the
cathode and grid of V2a is the sum of the voltages in the cathode circuit
and in the grid capacitor (Figure 11). Conequently, the grid potential
of tube V2a relative to the cathode at th&mbment of arrival of the first
four pulses of the first frequency divider stage will be considerably less
than the triggering level of tube V2a.
By the time the fifth pulse arrives, the potential of the grid relative
to the cathode increases to the triggering level of the tube and the
blocking oscillator is excited. The function of the cathode circuit is
to reduce the possibility of synchronization,of the blocking oscillator
by the first four pulses of the first frequency divider stage.
The third frequency divider stage is identical to the second, and is
based on tube V2b. .The synchronizing pulse' is taken from the cathode of
tube V2a to the grid of tube V2b through decoupling resistor 'R19 and one
of.the winding6 of blocking transformer Tr3-(taps-1-4). This stage
generates pulses at a frequency of 3 kc.
The fourth frequency divider stage is) like, the first stage, a self-
excited blocking oscillator and is synchronized by pulses from the third
stage. It uses the left half of tube V3 (V3a). Synchronizing pulses are
applied from the cathode of tube V2b through decoupling resistor R22 and
one of the windings of blocking transformer Tr4 (taps 1-4) to the grid bf
tube V3a. The fourth stage divides the frequency of the third by 2; that
is, it operates at a frequency of 1.5 kc.,
The fifth frequency divider stage is identical to the fourth stage.
It uses tube V3b. Synchronizing pulses ?from"the fourth stage are applied
throUgh resistor R26 and one of the windingi'of blocking transformer Tr5
(taps 1-4). The fifth stage divides the frequency of the fourth by 2; (p 37)
thatis, it operates at a frequency of 750 CPs.
0 .?
4,
.111.e sixth frequency divider stage is fundamentally like the fifth with '
the ekception that a voltage of 4300 v is applied to the 'plate of this
stage in order to.increase the amplitude of the output pulse. The sixth .
stage uses tube V4a. The synchronizing pulses of the fifth stage are
applied through .resistor R29 and one of the windings of blocking transformer
Tr6 (taps 1-4). The sixth stage divides the frequency of the fifth by 2;
that is if nnprAtoR at A fronnpnny nf 17c ntiq.
50X1 M
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?
4/0
V rt-ri'
Fig. 11. Voltage Forms in Blocking Oscillator With Cathode Circuit.
a - form of voltage at grid capacitor of blocking oscillator with frequency
division at 1:5; b - form of voltage in cathode circuit of blocking
oscillator; c - resultant voltage in grid-cathode sector of blocking
oscillator with cathode circuit.
50X1-HUM
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The output pulse of this stage is usedvas the trigger pulse of the
.transceiver.
In addion,,this pulse is sent to the,grid of the trigger pulse
repeater stage through circuit R351 C22 and the grid winding of blocking
transformer Tr7. pe repeater stage is based on tube V4b and is a blocking.'?
oscillator which operates basically the same as the blocking oscillator of
the sixth frequency divider stage. It repeats the frequency of the sixth
stage. Its output pulse, taken from the third winding of blocking trans.
former Tr7, is not less than 1.5 microseconds in dtration and is used to
trigger the display equipment.
LL
Range marker shaping stages. The pulses of the first, second, third,
and fourth frequency divider stages are applied to the output stages of
the 2, 10, 50, and 100-km'range.marker-shaping circuits.
a.
The 2-km marker.-shaping output stage is a blocking oscillator based , 39
on tube V5a with negative bias taken from divider R38 and R40. When the
blocking oscillator receives synchronizing pulses from the first frequency
divider stage, it oscillates at the frequency of these incoming pulses.
The synchronizing pulses are taken from the ,cathode of Vlb through delay
line Ul, circuit R37, C241 and the grid winding;of blocking transformer
Tr8. The amplitude of the 2-km markers is controlled by means of variable
resistor R41 connected in series with the output load. The 2-km marker
output pulses are taken from cathode resistor R42.
The 10-km marker-shaping output stage is a blocking oscillator based
on tube V5b which is blanked by an automatic bias created by circuit R44,
C25 in the cathode circuit of the blocking oscillator. Synchronizing
pulses of the second frequency divider stage are applied to the grid of
V5b from the cathode of V2a through delay line U2, circuit R471 C261 and
the gid winding of blocking transformer Tr9. The blocking oscillator
repeats the synchronizing pulses. The amplitude of the 10-km markers is
controlled by changing the plate voltage with resistor R8. Due to the
automatic bias, the value of the bias changes1when the plate voltage is
changed. In this way the operating mode of tube V5b and the conditions of
synchronization are maintained. The 10-km marker output pulses are taken
from cathode resistor R45.
The 50-km and 100-km marker-shaping output stages are also blocking
oscillators and use tubes V6a and V6b1 which,are blanked by an automatic
bias formed by circuit R52, C281 for V6a a?dR55, C30 for V6b. The
synchronizing pulses of the third frequency divider stage are applied to
the grid of V6b (for the 100-km markers) from,'ne cathode of V3a through
delay line U4, circuit R57, C31, and the grid'-winding of blocking trans-
former Trll. The blocking oscillator is excited at the frequency of the
synchronizing pulses. The amplitude of the 50-and 100-'km markers is con-
trolled by changing the plate voltages of the')blocking oscillators with
variable resistors R9 and R59,
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The 50-km and 100-km blocking oscillators have a common cathode load
R54 from which the mixed 50-and 100-km markers are taken. Independent
regulation of the 50-km and 100-km markers is achieved by suppressing the
50-km marker p for those ranges which are multiples of 100 km. For this
purpose, the delays provided by lines U3 and U4 are selected so that the
100-km marker blocking oscillator is excitedlsomeWhat earlier than the
50-km marker oscillator.
In addition) the common cathode circuit of V6 contains capacitor C29
which, during the interval of the 100-km marker pulse, charges and increases
the potential, of the cathode of V6a. The tube is thus blanked, and
synchronizing pulses arriving at its grid will not' causeexcitation of the
50-km marker 'blocking oscillator. Capacitor C29 discharges through
resistor R53. .
Monitoring the .init. Unit BZ is monitored by means of six test jacks:
G1-1 -- for monitoring.osallations of the quartz at the plate of Vla;-
G1-2 -- for monitoring pulses of.the first divider at the cathode of
Vlb;
G2-1 -- for monitoring pulses of the second divider at' the cathode of
V2a;
4"
'
G2-2 -- for monitoring pulses of the third divider at the cathode of
V2b;
fJ
G3 .. for monitoring pulses of the third divider at the cathode of
V3a;
0.
. G4 -- for monitoring pulses of the sixth divider (ZAP II) at the
cathode of V4a.
. The trigger pulse ZAP II is monitored directly on the screen of the
indicator.
r Test Voltages of4-1 v and -1 v are used to check the degree of
operating stability of the trigger pulse-shaping circuit. '
These test voltages are applied to the grid circuits of the blocking
oscillators.
p
The test voltages are taken from a divider consisting of resistor R3/I
and resistors R3/II and 113/III. Resistors R3/II and R3/III are connected
alternately to resistor R14/I by means of switch Vi. Unit 1(0-3 is used to
monitor the division frequency.
The unit is operating stably if the division frequency does not change
when the test voltages are applied.
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Design of the unit. Unit BZ is made in the form of a self-contained
instrument on a standard chassis. The tube channel contains six type
6N8S tubes, six test jacks, and switch Vi. On the front panel are the
potentiometers used to adjust the amplitude of the 20 100 500 and 100-km
range markers. The unit is connected to other units in the cabinet by
mean i of two plug connectors. The delay lines are located within the unit
.next to the front panel. The weight of the mit is 10 kg.
? 0
3. The Synchronous Tracking Transmission System SSP,
Function and technical data. The SSP system serves for the remote
transmission of the angle of rotation of the antenna system to the display
equipment of the station and consists of an electrical and a 'power part.
(p 42)
The synchronous power system is used to rotate the deflecting coils
of the plan position indicators in synchronization and in phase with the '
rotation of the antenna, as well as for rotation of the secondary trans-
mitting selsyns of the electrical synchronous transmission system. .
The power system is a two-channel system and operates at a frequency
of 50 cps. Transmission error does not exceed 6 minutes, and the time
required for synchronization is not more than 15 seconds.
A brief description of the principles of operation of the synchronous
power and electrical transmission is given below for the purpose of
explaining the operation of the SSP system.
Principle of operation of synchronous power transmission. The princi-
ple of operation of the simpler system of a single-channel servodrive may
be seen in Figure 12.
The rotating shaft of the antenna systemlis linked through a reduc-
tion gear with a ratio of 1:1 to the shaft otthe transmitting selsyn
rotor. The single-phase winding of the transmitting selsyn stator is
supplied from a 50-cps network.
itv
The voltage from the rotor winding of the transmitting selsyn is sent
by a three-phase line to the three-phase winding of the receiving selsyn
stator.
1
If the rotor of the transmitting selsyn turns and the.rotor of the
receiving selsyn is stationary, the voltage in the winding of the latter
will change sinusoidally with a period equal to the period of rotation of
the transmitting selsyn; that is, to the period of rotation of the antenna.
If the rotor of the receiving selsyn turns synchronously with the
rotation of the rotor of the transmitting selsyn, the voltage in its rotor'
winding will have a constant amplitude whose' magnitude will be determined
by the angle between the direction of the rotating magnetic field created (p 44) ,
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in the receiving selsyn, and the shaft of the rotor winding. When this
angle is equal to '1900, the output voltage at the receiving selsyn will
equal zero.
If the rotor of the receiving selsyn tlIrns through a certain angle
relative to the zero position, a voltage will appear in the rotor winding
whose amplitude and phase will depend on the size and sign, respectively,
of this angle.. This voltage is called the misalignment voltage.
The misalignment voltage in the servo dkive circuit is applied to the
input of the servoamplifier where it is amplified and used to control the
servomotor, which tyrns,the output shaft of the servodrive and, with it,
the rotor of the receiving selsyn.
Exact alignment of the position of the transmitting and receiving
selsyn rotors, even with a constant load and a constant number of turns
of the selsyn, is impossible, since the misalignment voltage in this case
will equal zero and the servomotor will cease to be supplied with voltage.
The synchronization accuracy of a single-channel system is usually
not greater than 10.
In order to increase synchronization accuracy, a two-channel remote
servodrive system is used.
A block diagram of such a system is shown in Figure 13. The shaft
which rotates the antenna system is linked with the rotor of the coarse-
tracking transmitting selsyn through a reduction gear having a ratio of
1:1 and with the rotor of the fine-tracking transmitting selsyn through a
reduction gear having a ratio/ of 36:1.
The single-phase windings of both tranemitting selsyns are supplied
from a 50-cps network, and the three-phase windings are connected to the
corresponding three-phase windings of the receiving selsyns. The rotors
of the receiving selsyns are linked to each other and to a servomotor
through a reduction gear. The gear ratio between the rotors of the receiv-
ing selsyns is 1:36. The voltages from the single-phase windings of both
receiving selsyns are applied to the two inputs of the servoamplifier.
The output voltage of the servoamplifier is fed to the cont*ol winding of
the servomotor.
In the coarse-tracking channel of the servoamplifier circuit is a (p 46)
neon lamp which serves as a relay. It disconnects the coarse-tracking
channel when the angle of misalignment between the transmitting selsyn
and coarse-tracking receiving selsyn is less than 2030, (average value),
and tracking is then carried out with the fine-tracking channel. Conse-
quently, a two-channel system of this type has a synchronization accuracy
which is 36 times greater than a single-channel system.
50X1 -HUM
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_
; 21.1
antennai._
,
mast
j
4)
lin, 41M. 1.?MS? AMMO ??????
50X1 -HUM
_ __ ,__. _ . ____ _ ____? I
?
_
output
--ehaft
/
Fig. 12. Block Diagram of Single-Channel Remote.Servodrive.
1 - transmitting selsyn; 2 receiving selsyn; 3 - servoamplifier;
4 - servomotor.
?
la
Fig. 13. Block Diagram of Two-Channel Remote Servodrive.
1 - antenna; 2 - coarse-tracking transmitting selsyn; 3 - coarse-tracking
receiving selsyn; 4 . fine-tracking transmitliing selsyn; 5 - fine-tracking
receiving selsyn; 6 . servoamplifier; 7 - servomotor; 8 - deflecting systems
of displays.
50X1 -HUM
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50X1-HUM
The single-chahtel system has two zerd,positions for the receiving
selsyn rotor which are mutually displaced by 1800. But alignment of the
single-channel system in a false-zero position is impossible, since this
position is ,instable.
In a two-channel system, the voltage of the coarse-tracking channel
passes through zero twice for each rotation of the antenna) and the voltage
of the fine-tracking channel passes through zero 36 x 2 = 72 times. As
a result, when the coarse channel is in a false zero position, the fine
channel is in the position of the true zero; that is, the system can be
aligned in the false-zero position.. To eliminate this, an additional
voltage at a frequency of 50 cps is introduced into the coarse-tracking
channel in series with the misalignment voltage. As a result of this,
the zero positions of the coarse channel are displaced so that the system
is stable at only one of the zero positions of the coarse channel; that
is, alignment of 'the system at a false zero is impossible. A description
of the system of eliminating (striking) the false angle is given in the
description of the servoamplifier unit (US).
Principle of aReration of the system of synchronous electrical angle
?
transmission. Figure 14 shows a block diagram of the electrical system
for the synchronous transmission of the angle-of rotation. The rotor of
the selsyn generator is linked to the driving shaft (antenna. shaft). The
stationary single-phase winding of the stator,is supplied by a 11500-cps
voltage provided by a special generator. The voltage is fed from the (p 48)
three-phase winding of the selsyn generator over a three-phase line to
the three-phase winding of the selsyn transformer.
The rotor of the selsyn generator is tuned at a given speed, and the
stator of the selsyn transformer is fixed ina pre-selected position.
The voltage in the single-phase winding, of the selsyn-transformer
changes sinusoidally; its phase is determined, by the position of the
selsyn generator rotor.
Description of the circuit of the SSP system. The circuit of the.
SSP system is given in Figure 15. The following units are included in the
SSPsystem:,
FD-02 -- main selsyn unit;
IV -- rotation simulator unit;
VD-1 -- secondary selsyn unit;
US -- servoamplifier unit;
it
ta!,
GCh -- 1,500e-cps voltage generator;"
-- receivers of the synchronous power transmission system in
units TI-1 of cabinOs IK0-1 and DUS-1;
? 50X1 -HUM
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/
'goo
'PS
50X1 -HUM
11 ?
?
angle
celevauon)
o
niatior-
ntrin4
. v ee
,?
Fig. 14. Block Diagram of a Synchronous Electrical
Angle-Transmission System.
1 - antenna mast; 2 - selsyn generator; 3 selsyn transformer.
n n!
???,,
(.1
/MI
Fig. 15. Over-All Diagram of. the SS? System.
yr
50X1 -HUM
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50X1-HUM
-- azimuth sweep selsyn transformers in units RU-1 and RA of
cabinets IIV-1 and 10-1;'
?
?
?
? 7- selsyn transformers of the azimuth marker-shaping circuits
in units. 0A-1-1 and0A-5-1 of cabinet ZN-Fl;
referfance voltage transformer in cabinet ZN-Fl and trans-
mitting selsyns supply transformer in cabinet ShU-1.
The main selsyn unit FD-02 is located ui the transceiver cabin. It
includes type DI-511 selsyn transmitters fofpoarse and fine tracking
and selsyn generator DI-511 for the five-degree markers. . The Shaft of
unit FD-02 is mechanically coupled to the shaft which rotates the cabin.
When the antenna rotates, the selsyns, which rotate at a corresponding
speed, generate a three-phase master voltage for the synchronous power
transmission system and a three-phase master voltage for shaping the five-
degree markers of the synchronous electrical transmission system. These
three-phase voltages are applied to the rotation simulator (IV) located ,
in cabinet ZN-Fl. Unit IV affords the possibility of operating the display
equipment in two modes:
1) In the OPERATE mode (4ith:the cahirProtating). In this case,
the SSP master voltage generated by unit FD-02 passes through unit IV to
the display equipment.
2) In the SIMULATE mode, whereby the SSP voltages passing to the ?
display equipment are generated in unit IV itSelf.
A switch located in unit IV is used to change from one mode to the
other. The tracking voltages pass from unit IV to the receivers of the
synchronous power transmission system located, in cabinets ZN-Fl, DUS-1,
and IK0-11 as well as to cabinet P-11-1 and to distributor board RShch-4.
These devices:,(receivers) consist of a .servomotor, linked through a
reduction gear to type SS-405 receiving selsyns for coarse and fine
tracking, and a servoamplifier (unit US). A two-phase synchronous motor
ADP-262 is used as the servomotor in units TI-1 and an ADP-362 is used in
unit VD-1. The misalignment voltage between the transmitting selsyns and
the receiving selsyns, taken from the single-phase windings of the latter,
is amplified by the servoamplifier. The amplified voltage is fed to the
control winding of the servomotor.
4i
A voltage of 110 vl 50 cps, called the reference voltage, is applied
to the excitation winding of the servomotor ?This voltage comes through
, unit US from the transformer located in cabinet ZN-Fl. The servomotor .
turns the rotor of the receiving selsyns through a reduction gear,
generating the angle of misalignment. At the same time, the servomotor
? turns the output element of the receiver in synchronization and in phase
with the rotation of the antenna (or the coai-se-tracking transmitter in
unit IV in the SIMULATE mode). The output element for the SSP receiver
located in cabinets IK0-1 and DUS-1 is the delecting system of unit TI-1;
50X1-HUM
p 51)
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50X1-HUM
the output elements for the receiver located! in cabinet WrF1 are the '
selsyn generator's for the azimuth sweep and 30-degree markers, and the
SK-MG coarse' and fine transmitting selsyns for the RL-30-1 system located
in unit VD-X. ?
The 220-v, 50-cps voltage which supplies the primary winding of the,
reference voltage transformer passes through unit IV.
When operating from unit FD-02,-thevolt3ge to the-primary winding
of the refel;ence voltage transformer comes from two phases of the three?,
phase. network; in the "simulate" mode it comes from two phases of. the -
three-phase network supplying the display equipment. As a result of this,
there is no need for phase ad-justment of the::SSP system when switching-
from one mode of operation to the other. ?
?
?
The system of synchronous electrical transmission of the angle of
?
rotation of the antenna includes:
--/the 5-degree marker selsyn generator (in unit FD -02 or unit IV);
?
? the azimuth sweep and 30-degree marker selsyn generators (in unit
VD-1);
? selsyn transformers SS-405 (in unit4st0A -5 -1, RU-1, and BA):"
selsyn transformers ED-101 (in unit '0A-1-3.);
-- coarse and fine sine-cosine selsyns,SK-MG for the RL-30-1 system.
An alternating voltage is present in the single-phase winding of each, p 52)
SS-405 selsyn trandformer whose amplitude changes with a period which is '
equal to or a multiple of the period of rotation of the antenna, and
whose phase envelope is determined by the position of the selsyn
transformer totor. ? ?
- - ? : ?
A voltage from the 5-degree marker selsyn generator-(in unit FD-02 or
IV) and the 30-degrpe, marker selsyn generatdr.(in?unit VD-1) is .pplied?to
unit 0A-5-1. The 5-degree and 30-degree marker-shaping voltage is taken
from the two .selsyn transformers located'inthe unit. A voltage from the ?
azimuth sweep selsyn generator (in unit'VD-1) is applied to units RU-1 and
RA. The azimuth sweep-shaping voltage for he height measurement and '
azimuth-range indicstorsis taken from theeclsyn transformers of these
units. A voltage from the 5-degree Markerdelsyn generator (in. unit FD-02
or IV) is applied to the 'differential Seispis of uni-t0A-1-1 to provide the
voltage which shapes the. 1-degree markers,
, .
?
The.three-phasp azimuth sweep and 30-dhree'marker voltages are also
fed to distributing board RShch-4.
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50X1-HUM
The SK-MG sine-,cosine selsyns for coarse and fine readings are
elements of the RL-30-1 equipment. The synchronization voltages taken
. from them for rotation of the azimuth sweep are applied to the trans-.
mitter of th,p RL-30.1 system.
4. Main Selsyn Unit FD-021.
Function. The FD-02 main selsyn unit (Figure 16) is designed to
provide the master voltages for synchronous tamer transmission Of the ?
angle of rotation of the antenna and the master-voltages.for the 5-degree
scale marker-shaping circuit.
,Technical data. The following voltage are generated in the main
selsyn unit:
SOON
voltage of the coarse-tracking channel at a frequency of 50 cps;
voltage of the fine-tracking channel at a frequency of 50 cps;
-- voltage of the 5-degree marker-shaping circuit at a frequency of
1,500 cps.
?
p 52)
Schematic diagram. A schematic diagram of unit FD-02 is given in
Figure 17. The main elements of the unit are the type DI-511 selsyns, which
have a three-phase rotor and a single-phase stator. The stator windings
of the coarse- and fine-tracking transmitting selsyns are supplied by 70
volts, 50 cps from the three-phase transformer located in cabinet ShU-1.
The rotor of the coarse-tracking transmitting selsyn turns at the speed
of rotation of the antenna, and the rotor of-the fine-tracking transmitting'
selsyn turns at a speed 36 times greater than the rotation speed of the
antenna.
, The stator winding of the 5-degree markev? selsyn generator is supplied'
by 10 volts at 1,500 cps from unit GCh.
The rotor of this selsyn generator turns at' a speed 36 times greater
than the speed of rotation of the antenna.'
The master (primary) voltages are taken from the rotor windings of
the transmitting selsyns and are applied to'the slip ring. The dials in
the unit are illuminated by a 6.3 v, 0.28 a Miiniature bulb to ttich a
filament voltage of 6.3 v,is applied from one of the widdings of the
three-phase transformer.
-
'1. Although the main selsyn unit is located in vehicle NO it is
. nevertheless useful to include its description in that of all instruments
which belong to the SSP system.
50X1 -HUM
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?
?
50X1-HUM
Fig. 16. Unit FD-02.
1 - cover of unit; 2 - window for fine-reading dial; 3 - window for coarse-
reading dial; 4 - bulb holder for illuminating light.
34
50X1-HUM
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'11)
Shl
To:
Purpose
No.
ShUoTr-3
_0..6.3 v
1? ,
chassis
-----Chiiiii-
.6
-
5
GCh
3:500
ShIbTr-3
70
2
v.1.50 cps
ShU,Tr-3
70 v,50 cps
7
CI
LW 1
Pit
C2R1
fuze
mz "'Imam&
ColiRsE
7-RIVKIN&
R3
50X1-HUM
Sh2
No
Purpose
To:
__.1
36..:1,.1500 cps
IV
.....2
36;1,1500 cps
IV
__3
36;1.$4.0.0.7.:_cPs
_Iv_
12
36:_1,50 cps
IV
?3
36:1,0
IV
cpi---
::h
14
1.1.._.6.__.p. _ _ _
iv _
-16-
I.:-.L.0_9Ps_____
?fir-
fl-i ...
1:1050 cps
__
Fig. 17. Schematic Diagram of Unit FD-02.
41
Lit
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
Design of the unit. The main selsyn unit is built in the form of
three detachable parts -- the reduction gearing, the selsyn unit, and
the cover.
A kinematic diagram of the unit is given in Figure 18.
(p.57)
The reduction gearing, consisting of a set of spur gears, is mounted
in the lower part of the unit. The input shaft of the reduction gearing,
which is linked through a full-floating coupling to the axle of the slip
ring, transmits the rotation of the antenna to the selsyns located in the
central part of the unit.
The housing of the main selsyn unit is 'attached to the slip ring
housing.
The input shaft of the reduction gearing is connected to the free-
floating coupling by means of a coupling clamp.
This clamp is disconnected when setting the selsyn rotors in the
zero position with the antenna directed toward the north. This permits
the input shaft of the reduction gearing to be disconnected from the slip
ring, and it is then possible to turn the selsyn rotors and set them in
the required positions.
The reduction gearing is mounted in a cylindrical silumin housing.
The housing is joined to that of the selsyn unit, in which the selsyn
stators and plug connectors are located.
The selsyn rotors are equipped with half clutches and are connected
to the output shafts of the reduction gearing. The coarse and fine selsyn
rotors are equipped with the appropriate dials. The value of each diviaion
on the coarse selsyn dial is 5?, and for the fine selsyn dial -- 10'.
The housing of the selsyn unit is closed by a cover.
5. Rotation Simulator Unit IV.
Function. Rotation simulator IV (Figures 19 and 20) serves for adjust-
ment of the display equipment when the antenna is not being used ("simulate"
mode). The display equipment is switched frOz1 the "operate" mode to the
"simulate" mode by means of a switch located within unit IV itself.
Technical data. The same voltages taken from the main selsyn unit (p 60)
(section 5) are also taken from unit IV. 4?
Lk!,
The selsyns are rotated by means Of a type DT-75 motor which is part
of the rotation simulator.
tt?
2I
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?
seIsyn
-fine scale. le
-mo) "Codit: ;1 My. /eV
eels
4,a(as
N0g0.1
'10 VS
_
Eqoarse wale.A.V44;': 3(4e1--;
17214t) iliv.= so; 0:360e
I.Coarsp. selsyn
4/0
Fig, 18. Kinematic Diagram of Unit FD-02.
It
t'4
50X1-HUM
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?
50X1-HUM
Fig. 19. Unit IV (View From Front).
1 - plug cover; 2 - fuse condition light; 3 - fuses; 4 - motor switch;
5 - operating mode switch; 6 - window for fine-reading dial; 7 - window for
coarse-reading dial; 8 - opening for turning reduction gear; 9 - catch for
unit; 10 - 1,500-cps frequency indicating light.
38
50X1-
HUM
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' 2
50X1-HUM
I.
Fig. 20. Unit IV (Rear View).
1 - DT-75 motor; 2 - coarse selsyn; 3 - fine selsyn; 4 - circuit diagram
label; 5 - plugs; 6 - 5-degree marker selsyn:
39
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
' A voltage of 220 v, 50 cps, which is use to supply the reference
. voltage transformer, also passes through unit IV. Two phases of the
three-phase circuit supplying the transceiver are used for this purpose'-.
when operating in the "OPERATE" mode; when derating in the "SIMULATE"
mode, two.phses of the three-phase circuittupplying the display equip-
ment are used. ?
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 21 gives'
A schematic diagram of unit IV. Unit IV.hasuthree type DI-511 selsyns
to reproduce the voltages of the synchronousservo system which are.
/normally provided by the main selsyn unit. These are the coarsetrack-:
ing transmitting selsyn M3, the fine-tracking transmitting selsyn Ml,
and the 5-degree marker selsyn generator M2.
The rotors of the transmitting selsyns are connected through the'
reduction gearing to motor DT-75. (M4). When switch 71 is turned on, a -
three-phase voltage is applied to the wihdings of the motor through
fuses Prl, Pr21 and Pr31 the, condition of which is monitored by neon
bulbs EI2, EL30 and NI4.
The motor turns the seadynrotors through the reduction gearing
at the following speeds: rotor of the coarse-tracking-trintiMitting -
selsyn -- 6 rpm; rotor of the fine-tracking transmitting selsyn -- 216
rpm; rotor of the 5-degree marker selsyn generstor -- 216 rpm.
The single-phase winding-Of the 5-degree 'marker selsyn generator is
supplied by 100 v at 1,500 cps; this voltage ,,is monitored by neon bulb
?ELL.: The single,-phase windings of the coarse-'and fine-tracking trans-
mitting selsyns/are supplied by 70 vat-50 cpd' taken from the secondary 62),
winding (5-6)/of three-phase transformer voltage of 6.3 vl used ,
? to light the'miniature bulbs which illuminate 'the dials of the unit,, is.
taken from the secondary winding (7-8) of this same transformer. '
,The'three-phase voltages are fed from selsyns to the operating
mode switch V2. Analogous three-phase voltages are also fed to this
switch from the main selsyn unit. When the switch is in-the "OPERATE"
position, the three-phase voltages of the synchronous system generated
by the main selsyn unit are sent to the output 'ofthe unit and from there
to the display equipment; when the switch islai the "SIMULATE" position,
the three-phase voltages of the synchronous d'Ystem are generated by unit IV..
-
In order to produce a rotating magnetic field in servomotors ADP-262
and ADP-362) it is necessary that the voltage in the control winding.
(G1-G2) of the servomotor be shifted 900 in phase with respectto-the.:
voltage in the excitation winding (71-72): ?!J'
The control voltage .whichAs applied to winding G142 :Of the
servomotor from unit US always coincides in phase with theAransmitting H
selsyn supply voltage,, Consequently, in order to obtain a phase shift
411 of 900 between the voltages .in the control winding and excitation winding
. .
50X1 -HUM
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. - ? 50X1-HUM -
of the motor, the excitation winding voltage (so-called reference voltage)
must always be shifted 90? relative to the transmitting selsyn supply
. voltage.' )
41, -
This is accomplished as follows:
.
a) In the "SIMULATE" mode. The primary windings of three-phase
transformer Trl are connected to phases Al Bo and C. The voltage in
phase C. of the transformer is shifted 900, relative to the line voltage ABo'
The secondary winding (5-6) which supplies the single-phase windings (p 63)
of the transmitting selsyns is wound on the same core as the winding with
phase C. ?
Line voltage AB passes through fuses Pr4, and Pr5 to the output of the
unit and then to the reference voltage transformer located in cabinet
ZN-Fl. A voltage of 110 vl 50 cps, which is the reference voltage and
supplies the excitation windings of all thellervamotors, is also taken
from this transformer.
Thus, when operating in the "SIMULATE", mode, the transmitting selsyns
of the synchronous power transmitting system and the excitation windings
of the servomotors are fed voltages which are shifted in phase by 900.
b) In the "CPERATE" mode.' When the switch is in the "OPD-' " mode
a line voltage from two phases of the three-phase transceiver network is .
applied to the reference voltage transformer. Since the transmitting
selsyns of the main selsyn unit are also. supplied from this network
through the three-phase transformer, there will also be in this case's.
90? phase shift between the voltages applied to the transmitting selsyns
and to the excitation windings of the servomotors. ,
Design features of the unit: Unit IV ib made in the form of a self-
contained instrument on an angle-iron chassis. The cast silumin housing
Containing the reduction gearing, selsyns, and motor is attached to the
horizontal panel of the chassis. .The selsyns are linked to the reduction
gearing by means of couplings.
A kinematic diagram of the reduction gearing is given in Figure 22.
The ratio of the reduction gearing is selected so that the rotor
of the coarse-tracking transmitting selsyn makes 6 rpm while the rotors
of the 5-degree marker and the fine-trackingoselsyns make 216 rpm.
The unit is equipped with coarse- and fine-tracking dials which (A 65)
are read through windows on the front panel of the chassis. Also on the
front panel are neon signal lights, fuses, the operating mode switch,
and the switch for turning on the motor.
The unit has two plug connectors. The weight of the unit. is 45 kg;
Al
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
hash????
SON
1??7.j.l 00,
sOni
"N--77c, I cl 50,41
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? P;;;;- dlr.?!
c?Cm20 ritc
dioowembeiLl4
at
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?Je"
Ufi
J It 50,?I
JO ?000311
rfoo r44
Jo
flar ice ?7` ?*.*
?? ? 7701 ..8*
P000mo
1P ?j? p?-po ova??????=
I rppo_omr. 00er?
611 3,61 60m
CC $ON
ITO .1C'l
C
C?I
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VI 50N
.00100.
?T;
4787
JON
V., MN
UI ?100h?
?CbOtod.
sEr
?6?? " 'AWL. " ?
Vle;$
ISO loff F-4??
"1-
st, tSooni
JC I 4071
? -nor
t?c-
1/113
II/
Fig. 21. Schematic Diagram of Unit IV.
???????;',.r?C ;
?f??????'?,?.:t
e.2 ir,ev
3.4
tt ??? ,11.011?11.:????74 ttttttttt 4i???V?? tttttt ????? ???
f.1).
In the next scan cycle with the appearance of the control pulse at
the instant the beam passes through point A, the potential of this point
increases still more; but, at the sane time, the output signal decreases,
since a smaller quantity of- electrons will enter the collector and ik
decreases.
In the next scan cycle with the appearance of the control pulse at (p 1)4.6)
the instant the beam passes through point A, the potential of this point
increases still more; and for a particular Value of this potential the
majority of secondary electrons returns to the given point and surrounding
area of the screen (Ba 1).,
The increase in positive potential of point A (and correspondingly
in the negative output signal) continues until a state of equilibrium is
reached, at which time the increase in positive potential at point A is'
compensated (prior to the arrival of the beam) by the secondary electrons
striking point A from other points of the sdreen.
4:)
By varying the operating mode of the tube it is possible to vary the
rate of increase of positive potential at point A. For example, varying
the beam current of the tube makes it possible to vary the number of
cycles after which the output signal will change its polarity and become
negative.
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Fig. 58 Graph Showing Relationship of Polarity
of Output Sigaal to Bd.
50X1-HUM
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/1:Yocr. 47 ? le cr.47 7 Id-Lan:a* ,crtge;fficr,rin I 5 eernact I
,,tlatfeleite 1,417107.Ca raZ9S4PRZA/OCI,41XVIrOgiti4M/1
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50X1-HUM
I
tax - '6,rooieoei c4eA21,7 i1iJI
''.a4A-hvg6f;ewai/rAveeepp/t/67/42ftr/7:Aptoer! potential at "A" 1
W41.- 61.47d9oe naixorehive zve4a,45/11,(/ nyonu/Ye
? ? - output' voitage at , 7
Fig. 59. Variation of Signal Polarity.
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
In Figure 59 the polarity of the signal changes with :the 4th pulse,
passing through Point A on the screen. In the event ,that the control
pulses are stopped at the instant the beam ppses'throtgh point A, the
positive potiential at that point will quickly decrease, due to the arrival
of primary electrons and also secondary electrons ejected from other (p 147)
areas of the screen by the beam. ?
As is well known, several operating cycles of the radar:elepse before
a valid return can be obtained from a target. The number of pulses"reflec-
ted from a target depends on the width of the, antenna radiation pattern,
the frequency of the main bangs, the antenna,rotation rate, target charac-
teristics, and other factors.
For the majority of radars this number an range from 3, or 4 up to
10 to 15.
Returns from a given target will always strike one particular point
on the screen and generate negative output signals on the output tube.
The probability of noisy pulses and pulses caused by different disturbances
striking the screen at the same point in successive scan cycles is small'
therefore, in the great majority of cases the output signals of the tube
concerned with these pulses will have positive polarity.
When the integrator tube is operating properly, all pulses -- inter-,
ference, noise) and valid returns -- strike its modulator with the same '
amplitude and duration. Thus, when signals containing valid returns as
well as noisy pulses and pulses caused by ()Vier interference are fed tothe
tube modulator, it is possible to distinguish the valid pulses from the
others by their different polarity at the oi*put of the tube. In Figure 60
?
are shown input signals in three successive scan cycles. In the same
figure are also shown a graph of the potential and the output pulses on (p 149)
the signal plate during the third scan cycler
Description of schematic diagram of the unit. A schematic diagram
of unit IU-1 is given in Figure 61.
Shaped pulses from unit VU pass through 'decoupling capacitor C2 (03)
to the modulator of the LN-7 integrator- tubs,. To restore the d-c component
after the decoupling capacitor, diode D1 (D2,), is connected in parallel to
the leak resistor of modulator R7 .(R8),;' The operating mode of the integra-
tor tube is changed by varying the bias voltage at the tube modulator by
means of two controls -- "Beam Current 1"(R12) and "Beam Ctrrent 2" (1115),
located on the front panel of unit IU-1. TWA voltage is controlled by
the IP2 "Beam Current" instrument located on the front panel of unit IU-1.-
The emission of the oxide-coated cathode will change in time even'
with a constant input; consequently, a d-c beam is needed for proper
operation of the LN-7 tube. Resistor R9 (R10) is connected to the cathode
of the LN-7.tube to stabilize the beam current.
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50X1-HUM 111
08x
.??????????
r
/70/74.vibici cez/xer, _
*#lid Tbetiiin
,
lazdae,o/n,r-e/
cycle I. 1
_ . ,
../c7cr,c/77
/ca3eew4-4.
Escan_ cycle_ ITT
//7 /./24r,r/77 ?
.,[71:-)0*itival-_ of screen
"oevioep. At/eve/Yu
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//q a/65/4446/We;
/7.4Cive97(///e
rpuls es atiag:p4
t plate
b, nput
7: pulses it 1P1at-e?'
Ij
Fig. 60. Input Signals in Three Successive Scan Cycles.
lk
4)
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50X1-HUM
The signals from load resistor R17 .(R18) of the LN-7 tube are fed to
subassembly U-OCh through capacitor C6 (C7).
A large/value (11.0 megohm) of load resistance R17 (R18) has been
chosen to minimize the voltage ripple at the signal plate due to
fluctuation of the voltage supplied to the tube (+650 v). Circuit R17
(R18), C6 (C7) of unit IU-1 and R1 of subassembly U-OCh forms a divider
which decreases the+650.tipple voltage at the input Of the U-OCh
amplifier several times.
? The scan over the screen of the tube ienade in a spiral pattern.
The sweep voltage is generated in unit OR and applied to unit IU-1
through connector Shl and then through internal connectors Sh3,and Sh4 to
the FOS-13M deflecting system. The focusing' current of the LN-7 tube is
changed by means of variable resistor 111.1., "FOCUS 1" (R61 "FOCUS 2").
(1) 151)
Switches V1-a and V1-b are used to connect test instruments IP-1
and IP-2 and also to connect the input of the vertical amplifier of unit
K0-3K to the appropriate test circuits of channels 1 or 2.
Construction of the Unit. Unit IU-1 is?mounted on a special chassis.
On the vertical panel are located two LN-7 tubes with deflecting systems.
The tubes are covered by a special housing for protection against external
fields. On this same panel is a4.650rvolt'test jack Behind the unit on
the inclined part of the horizontal panel are located potentiometers
"FOCUS 1" and "FOCUS 2". The two U-OCh subassemblies are situated in
vertical channels enclosed by doors.
The U-OCh ,subassemblies are removable. and interchangeable and are
connected to the circuit of unit IU-1 by means of a 16-blade receptacle
and high-frequency RK-19 cables.
Underneath the horizontal panel are two wiring plates for the circuit
wiring. On the forward panel are two 100-microampere M-592 type test (p 152)
instruments; a two-winding, double-pole switch for switching the instru-
ments by channel; instrument dial lights with special covers; and the
potentiometers of the "beam current" and 'limiting" controls.
A voltage of *650 v is fed to a special high-voltage contact.
The weight of the unit is 8.5 kg.
__Subassembly U-OCh
Function. Subassembiy1J-0Ch (Figure 62;( is designed to amplify the
signals and to separate valid returns from iPterference.
Technical data on the subassembly. The' amplification factor of the
U-OCh subassembly with the "Amplification" potentiometer slide in the extreme
right position is not less than 1000.
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50X1-HUM
The band-pass of the subassembly allows the passage of a signal
with a duration of up to 0.3 microsec. The naximum amplitude of the signal
at the output can be asmuchas8-v with a load of 75 ohms.
Functional diagram of the subassembly. A functional diagram is shown
in Figure 63.
The subassembly consists of the following: amplifier I, diode
limiter, amplifier II, amplifier III, and cathode follower.
Signals from the output of the integrator tube of a given channel
pass through a high-frequency connector to subassembly U-OCh, which
serves to amplify the signals and separate the valid returns from
interference.
(P 155)
Distortion of the higher frequencies is corrected in the input
circuit of the first stage. The amplified returns and noise are fed
to the controlled diode limiter, which allows the valid returns to be --
separated from the noise. The limiting is varied by meansof the "Limiting
1" ("Limiting 2") control located on the front panel of subassembly IU-1.
Returns of positive polarity pass from the diode limiter to the .
second stage of the amplifier.
q,
Signals of negative polarity pass from'the output of the second stage
to the 3rd amplifying stage and then to the output stage, which is a
cathode follower. V
LI%
The amplifying stage and cathode follower have negative feedback,
which serves to widen the band-pass for thec,entire amplifying equipment,
and 'to obtain the desired amplitUde.
1)
The amplitude of the returns is adjusted in the amplifying stage by
means of the "Amplification" control located on the chassis of subassembly
U-OCh.
Description of the schematic diagram of the subassembly. A schematic
diagram of the subassembly is given in Figure 64.
Integrated signals of channels I and II, taken from resistors R17
(R18) of unit IU-11 are applied to the corresponding amplifiers of U-OCh.
The input stage of subassembly U-OCh is based on tube V1, type (P 157)
6Zh5P. This stage provides correction of frequency distortions introduced
by the input circuit, consisting of equivalent load resistance
R
equiv. R17 4R1.
where R17 is the resistance from unit IU-1 and R1 is the resistance from
subassembly U-OCh, and spurious capacitancesgtormed by the output
^nlvw,itnnr.P of the sianal nlate. the capacitance of the wiring, and the
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
Fig. 62. Subassembly U-OCh.
input
amp. I
diode
limiter
amp. III
IU -1
cathode
feed-Ffollower
back
(*gain control I
output
Fig. 63. Functional Diagram of Subassembly U*OCh.
110
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50X1 -HUM
.1
Fig. 64. Schematic Diagram of Subassembly U-OCh.
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Correction for these distortions is accomplished with the aid of a
network connected to the plate circuit of tube V1 in series with the plate
load. Tube V1 operates with zero bias at the first grid.
As was pointed out above, the signals taken from tube LN-7 have two
polarities (the Useful pulses have a negative polarity,a0d the noise has,
as a rule, positike?polarity), and a diode limiter is cqpnected to the
grid circuit of tube V2 to extract the usefuheignal. 14ae signals taken, ?
;rom the plate ofi ube V1 through capacitor C2 to diode)D1 are clipped at
the bottom. ,
A germanium crystal diode DI is used as the diode.
The limit level of signals of channel I,(II) is varied by means of
the "Limit I" - R24 ("Limit II" - R26) control located on the front panel (p 158)
of unit IU-1. The negative vatage taken from these potentiometers is
applied to subassembly U-OCh and through resistor R6 to the diode limiter.
When the negative voltage is changed, the limit level changes.
The positive signal taken from the diode load is applied directly
to the grid of tube V2 (6Zh5P). Tube V2 operates as an amplifier. An
, automatic bias circuit is connected to the Cathode circuit of tube V2.
The signal passes from the plate of tube V2 through blocking capacitor
C5 to the grid of the amplifier stage, which is based on tIlbe V3 (6Zh5P):
A "Gain" control in the control grid' circuit of V3 is used to vary
the amplitude of the pulses taken from the cathode load of tube V4.
Signals from the plate load of V3 are fed through blocking capacitbr
? C7 to the control grid of the output cathode follower, which uses tube '
V4 (type 6P9).
A negative bias voltage from a divider consisting of resistors
R14 and R15 is applied through the back resistance of diode D3 and resistor
R16 to the control grid of tube V4. . The cathode resistance of tube V4 is ?
selected at 560 ohms.
- When a cable with a 75-ohm load is cdnnected, the amplification
factor of tube V4 is approximately 0.23. 0
U.
The output signals from the cathode load of tube V4 are fed to the
output of subassembly U-OCh.
,rhe d-c component from the tube current Ln a load equal to the
_eqUivalent resistance of the cable (75:.ohms)'iS zero. Diodes D2 and D3
serve as the d-c restorer after capacitors C5 and 07.
(ID 159)
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'
Design of subassembly U-OCh. Subassembly U-OCh is built in the form
of a block with aimensions of 242 x 75 x 25 mm, within.whi0h are located
the mounting eleOents. The subassembly is attached to the chassis of
unit IU-1 w4h four screws.
Subassembly q-och is connected to the circuit of u4t IU-1 by a
16-contact plug connector.
Four tubes and, the gain -control-resistance-are 16c0ed-on-the?chassis-,?
of the subassembly.
The wight of the unit is 0.5 kg.
13. Spiral Sweep Generator Unit GR
Function.
which moves the
on the-scope.
Technical
The spiral sweep
electron beam in
data on the unit.
-repeats the pulses applied
to it
generator (Figure 65) generates a current
the type LN-7 tube along a spiral trajectory
ci
The blocking oscillator of unit GR
at frequencies from 300 to 450 cps.
With a trigger pulSefrequency of 375 cps, the pulse-stretching
circuit generates pulses whose duration is controlled between 1,700 and
2,400 microseconds. A shock excited oscillator generates sinusoidal
'oscillations at a frequency of approximately ,5 kc.
Sinusoidal voltages for the horizontal and vertical sweep are taken
from the outputs of the unit.
The "SWEEP AMPLITUDE" control is used to, change the amplitude of the
oscillations of the shock excited oscillator?'
Umax
.?.! 1.25 (*. 1.94 db).
Uinta
'Ir
The "SWEEP SPACING" control permits setting the ratio of
Umax-,_ .
- 1.4 ; 1.6,
Umin
v;..,
where UMaX is the amplitude of the first per;pd of the shock excited
oscillator circuit and Umin is the amplitude of the last period of the
circuit (the minimum and maximum limits of the "SWEEP SPACING" control
are not specific). 4i, ?
4:
0 160
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50X1-HUM
Fig. 65. Over-All View of Unit GR.
1 - tubes in tube channel; 2 - sweep duration control; 3 - plug cover.
114
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The "PHASE" control together with the "HORIZONTAL GAINI"
("HORIZONTAL GAIN II") control are used to produce a spiral sweep with an
ellipticity not greater than
a 1.25, where
b.
a -- the length of the major axis of the ellipse;
b -- the length of the minor-axis-of:the'ellipse:..
Functional diagram of the unit. A, functional diagram of unit GR is
given in Figure 66.
The unit consists of:
a) blocking oscillator;
-
,b) multivibrator (kipp.relay);
0/shock excited oscillator with cathode follower for damping
7% compensation; u
.u,
0 vertical deflection amplifier of channel I (II);
e) phase-shifting network;
f) cathode follower;
g) horizontal deflection amplifier of channel I
The first stage of the spiral sweep generator is the blocking
oscillator, which is synchronized by the station trigger pulses.
Negative pulses from the blocking oscillator trigger the kipp relay
which generates square pulses. The duration of the pulses generated by
this relay determines the duration of the spiral sweep and is varied with
the "SWEEP DURATION" control. Negative pulses from the ontput of the
relay are applied to the input of the shock excited oscillator.
The voltage at the output of the oscillator is in the form of
pulse-modulated sinusoidal oscillations. The amplitude of these oscilla-
tions has a maximum at the beginning and is:then damped almost linearly.
Oscillations at the output of the shock excited oscillator are changed
with the "SWEEP AMPLITUDE" control. Voltage from the output of the
oscillator is applied to a cathode follower which compensates for damping
of the oscillations.
(p 163)
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4.5
H
4)
g-F))
ft7y1,
?-4)
...1?111.110
8
4-1
?
03j
OS.'
43
I
fld0
4)
.0 0
8
v.,
r.,
.03 H
C.) 0
0 na
4
0
I-4
Diagram of Unit GR.
rX4
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50X1 -HUM
The rate of change of the amplitude for a period of one cycle (damping
of the oscillations of the shock excited oscillator) may be varied with (p 164)
the "SWEEP "SPACING" control.
Voltage from the cathode follower is applied to the vertical
deflection amplifiers of channels I and II. This same voltage is sent to
the phase-shifting network where the voltage is shifted approximately
900. The value of this phase shift may be varied with the "PHASE" control.
.111
Voltage from the output of the phase-shifting network is sent to the
cathode follower and then to the horizontal deflectibn amplifiers of
channels I and II. The,amplification factor of these amplifiers may be
changed with the "HORIZONTAL SWEEP GAIN I""and "HORIZONTAL SWEEP GAIN II"
controls.
The voltages from the outputs of the horizontal and vertical deflec-
tion amplifiers of channels 1 and II are appaied to the deflection' system
of the integrating tube. Currents in the hbrizontal and vertical
deflection coils are shifted by 90? with respect to each other and change.
according to a law which causes the electroti'beam of the integrating tube,
to follow the same spiral trajectory with eadh scanning cycle.
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. A schematic diagram
of unit GR is given in Figure 67.
The station trigger pulse which enters the input of unit GR is fed
through capacitor C4 to the grid of the blocking oscillatcr (the left
half of tube V2 -- 6N1P). When the trigger pulses are applied to unit
GR, they synchronize the blocking oscillator and cause it to generate
pulses at the repetition rate of the trigger pulses. Negative pulses
taken from plate load R9 of the blocking oscillator are sent through
capacitor C2 to the plate of the kipp relay. (the left half of tube V11 (p 166)
type 6N1P) and through capacitor Cl to the grid of the right half of
tube Vi.
The kipp relay is in a stable condition when the left half of tube
V1 is blocked and the right half is unblocked. A negative pulse at the
grid of the right half of V1 blocks this half and the circuit moves to
the other state, wherein the left half of VL is unblocked and the right
half is blocked.
Capacitor Cl begins to discharge and increases the voltage at the
grid of the right half of Vi. When the grid.vpotential reaches the firing
potential of the tube, the circuit reverts to the original state. The
change from one state to the other occurs in' an avalanche method.
The duration of the sweep trigger pulse"may be changed within limits
of 1.7 to 2.4 microseconds by means of variable resistor "SWEEP DURATION."
The length of the sweep (with respect to tiMe) is determined by the duration
of the kipp relay pulse.
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,
i
f
i
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The cathode circuit of the left half of tube V1 contain50X1-HUM- -
R1, R2 from which the kipp relay pulses are applied to unit VU for the
purpose of blocking return signals at the moment the spiral sweep begins
to return.
The plate circuit of the left half of Vi contains a divider R3, R4
from which a negative kipp relay pulse is sent through capacitor C7 to
the grid of the shock excited oscillator (right half of tube V2).
Restoration of the d-c component by crystal iode D1 (after capacitor C7)
provides a constant initial amplitude of the oscillations generated in (p 167)
the shock excited oscillator circuit when the trigger pulse repetition
rate changes.
The shock excited oscillator, with positive feedback to compensate
for damping of oscillations in the circuit, uses the right half of tube
V2 (6N1P).
With the. arrival of a negative pulse at the grid of the right half
of V2 from the kipp relay circuit, the tube is blocked and free oscillations
are set up in the cathode circuit of the tube. The initial amplitude of '
these oscillations is controlled with resistor R10 ("SWEEP AMPLITUDE").
At the moment the negative pulse is removed, the tube is umblocked and
shunts the circuit with its output resistance, thus stopping oscillations
in the .circuit.
In order to control damping, oscillatory circuit Ll, C6, C12 is
connected to the grid of the left half of tube V3 (6N1P), which operates
as a cathode follower on the linear portion of the characteristic.
OsCillations from the cathode of tube V3 (left half) are sent through
resistors R14 and R13 and back into the circuit. The positive feedback
formed in this manner is used to compensate or losses in the circuit and
to produce the necessary pattern of amplitude ;changes in the oscillatory
circuit.
.0
The circuit is tuned to a frequency of 5 kc. The voltage produced
by the shock excited oscillator is sent from .resistor R19 to unit K0-3., 168)
A pulse-modulated sinusoidal voltage from cathode load R15 of tube V3
(left half) is applied to the grids of vertical deflection output stages
V4 and V5 of channels I and II and to a phase-shifting network consisting
of resistors R20, R21, capacitor C9, and inductance 12. The voltage
taken from capacitor C9 is shifted in phase by 90? with respect to the
input voltage. Correction for this phase shift within small limits is
provided by variable resistor R21 marked "PHASE". The phase-shifted
pulse-modulated voltage is applied to the grid of the right half of tube
V3, which functions as a cathode follower. The pulse-modulated sinusoidal
voltage is sent from the cathode of this tube to the control grids of the
horizontal deflection output stages V6 and V7 of channels I and II.
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The vertical deflection output stage of channel I (II) uses tube V4
(V5), type 6P1P, and operates in a choke-coupled output circuit. The
operating mode of tube V4 (V5) is chosen with the aim of providing minimum
distordion of the vertical sweep in tube 2.?. A feedback resistance consisting
of resistors R25, R26 (R27, R28) is used in the cathode circuit of tube V4
(V5) to stabilize the gain and decrease nonlinear distortions.
The output voltage taken from plate load L3, R23 (L4, R29) of tube V4
(V5) is applied through capacitor C10 (C11),: to the vertical deflection
coils. The shape of the current in the deflection coils is the same as that /
of the sinusoidal oscillations at the grid of tube V4 (V5). (P 169)
The horizontal deflection output stage of channel I (II) uses tube v6
(V7), type 6P1P, and operates with a transformer-coupled output. The
operating mode of tube V6 (V7) is chosen so as to reduce distortion of the
horizontal sweep to a minimum. Variable resistor "HORIZONTAL GAIN II":
("HORIZONTAL GAIN II") in the cathode circuit of tube V6 (V7) is used to
control the horizontal deflection gain. .
The operation of tube V4 and V5 (V6 and V7) is monitored in unit KO-3.
This is done by sending signals from resistors R26, R37 (R27, R38), located
in the cathode circuits of the tubes, through a plug connector to unit KO-3.
The resistance of the deflection coils is matched with themsistance of the
plate load of tube V6 (V7) by means of transformer Tr2 (Tr3), whose ratio
equals:
?, .114
p Wi = 3350
7 100
2
where W1 is the number of turns of the primary winding and W2 is the number
of turns of the secondary winding. :1??
.u.
The sinusoidal voltage taken from the secondary winding of the trans-
former is applied to the horizontal deflection coils. The shape of the
currents in the deflection coils repeats thishape of the sinusoidal
oscillations at the grid of tube V6 (V7).
Since' the currents in the deflection coils have the shape of pulse-
modulated sinusoidal oscillations with,a'decaying envelope and are shifted
900 in phase with respect to each other, the electron beam in the tube will p 170)
trace a spiral line.
Monitorim the operation of the unit. The following test jacks are ?
used when. monitoring the operation of unit GR with a portable oscillograph
G1 for monitoring the switching pulse;
G3 -- for monitoring the shock excited oscillator;
G4, q3 -- for monitoring the vertical deflection gain of channel I (11)r
50X1-HUM_
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' G6, G7 -- for monitoring the horizontal deflection gain of channel I
(II).
atign_ar_thfLanit. Unit OR is built in the form of a self-contained
instrument Mounted on a standard chassis. The tube channel contains 7
bantam tubes (three 6N1P; four 6P1P) and 6 tost jacks.
The shafts of 6 potentiometers, 5 of which are covered by a face plate,
extend through the front 'panel of the Unit. ,4The exposed shaft is the
"SWEEP DURATION" control. On the chassis ofJ.the unit are three
transformers -- one filament transformer and two transformers for
the horizontal deflection amplifiers, as well as one pulse excitation ?
circuit with a carbonyl core, three inductance coils with carbonyl cores,
a blocking transformer, and two 2-microfarad capacitors.
t
Small components (resistors and capacitors) are located on a mounting
?
plate within the unit. The unit has one plug connector. Wight of the
unit is 7.5 kg.
14. Test Unit KO-1
Function of the unit. Unit KO-3 (Figure 68) is used to check the
operation of the following units: BZ, 0A-1-1, OA-5-1, OR, IU-1, and VU. p 172).
The checks are made with a type 7L0-55 cathode-ray tube. In addition,
a stabilized voltage of +650 v is generated in the unit for the purpose of
supplying the LN-7 tubes in unit IU-1.
Functional diaeram of the unit. Figure. 69 gives a functional diagram
.of unit KO-3.
The unit consists of the following components:
????
????
sawtooth voltage generator;
horizontal deflection amplifier;
vertical deflection amplifier;
j.
cathode-ray tube with a power supply circuit;
6
stitches.
The sawtooth voltage generator generates a voltage which changes
linearly with respect to time; the voltage j) applied to the input of the
horizontal deflection amplifier.
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Fig. 68. Unit KO-3.
1 - covers for tube channels; 2 - brightness control; 3 - test switch for
units IU -1, VU, and GR; 4 - test switch for units BZ, OA or IU-1, VU, and
OR; 5 - test switch for units BZ and OA; 6 - focus control; 7 - screen of
test oscilloscope.
I Z2.
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, Two voltages, equal in value and opposite in:Sign, are taken from
the output of the amplifier .and applied to the horizontal deflection
.plates of the cathode-ray tube. These voltages. create_a sweep trace on the
screen of the tube.
The test voltages are taken from different points of the circuits in
units BZ, 0A-1-1, 0A-5-1, G1, VU, and IU-1 .and are sent through switches
V1, V2, and V3 to the input Of the vertical deflection amplifier..
Voltages from the output of this amplifier are applied to the vertical
deflection platesof the tube. The power supply circuit generates voltages
of -400 v and +650 v for the cathode-ray tube. ,The +650 v voltage is
stabilized and is also used in unit TU-1.
? ? t ?
(P 174)
he r r_the unit. A schematic diagram.
Tube Vit a self-excited multivibrator with cathode coupling, is used
as the sawtooth voltage generator. Let us examine the operation of this
circuit with switch V2 in the position "BZ, OA."
At some moment of time let tube Vib be:blocked and Via be unblocked.
A large current will flow through Via and create a voltage in the cathode
resistance (R5, R.6) which blocks Vlb.
At this time, one of the capacitors C17; C18, C19, C20, C211 .C22, or
C23 will charge, depending on the position of switch Vi.
When the voltage in the capacitor reaches the firing potential of
tube Vlb, the latter will be unblocked. Voltage at the plate of Vlb will ?
drop and this will be transmitted through resistor R1 and capacitor Cl to ,
the grid of tube Via and block it. Then, one of the capacitors C17, C18,
C19, C20, C21, C22, ot C23 will discharge through the grid circuit of tube
Vlb.
of unit K0-3 is given in Figure 70.
Since the capacitorcharges through the' resistance, the disCharge
process occurs much more rapidly than the charging process. After the
capacitor discharges, tube Vlb is blocked g.nd Via is unblocked. The
capacitor again begins to charge and the entire process is repeated.
Turning the knob on the switch changes the capacitance of the charging
capacitor, and this changes the speed of the sweep. .
Six sweep speeds are provided for in the unit. In the case of the
first five sweeps (capacitors C19, C20, C21, C22, and C23), the oscillator
is synchronized by external pulses. The synchronizing pulse is applied
through the charging capacitance to the grid of the oscillator. The
sixth sweep is not synchronized.
p 176) '
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The sawtooth voltage is taken from charging capacitors C17, C18, C19,
C20, C21, C22, or C23 depending on the position of switch V1 and is applied -
to the grid of the amplifier for the horizontal deflection plates (tube V2).
The sawtooth voltage is linearized through the use of feedback -- the
charging caacitor is connected to the plate circuit of the right half of '1
the amplifier tube. The output voltage of the amplifier is sent directly .
to the horizontal deflection plates of the tube. When the switch is in
the position POR,ITU, DJ," the circuit geneiates one sweep trace (capaci-
tor C21) which is synchronized by the trigger pulse (Zap, I).
The monitored voltages from units BZ2-0A-l-11 and 0A-5-1 are sent to
the amplifier input for the vertical deflection plates (tube V3, type ?
6Zh5P) through switch Vi, voltage dividers ,R41, R42, and switch V2 ("BZ,
OA" monitor).
The sinusoidal voltage to the quartz oscillator in unit BZ is checked
when switch V1 is in the first position.. In this case the sinusoidal
voltage of the quartz oscillator is applied to the grid of the vertical
deflection plate amplifier. The sweep?trace-is synchronized by pulses
of the second divider stage (1:5); therefore, five periods of the
sinusoidal voltage from the, quartz are layed on the sweep trace.
Lt%
Operation of the divider stages of *unit BZ is monitored with the
switch in. the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth positions.
are applied to the grid of the
provided by a pulse from the ?
- ?
checked with the switch in the
In this case, pulses from each stage
vertical amplifier and synchronization is
subsequent divider stage.
The 2-km and 1-degree marker dial is
seventh position.
The 10-km marker dial is checked with the switch in the eighth
position.
The 50-km and 100-km marker dial is checked with the switch in the
ninth position. ?
e? ?
The azimuth marker unit is checked with an unsynchronized sweep, which
corresponds to the tenth and eleventh positions of the switch. The
frequency of this sweep is selected close to,that of the output pulses of
units 0A-1-1 and 0A-5-1. One-degree marker pulsesare sent simultaneously
with the 2-km marker pulses. The 1-degree, markers move across the screen
of the oscillograph. The 5-degree markers'also.move across the screen,
while at the moment of appearance of the 30-degree markers, the amplitude
of the pulses on the screen increases.
(P 177)
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When the Voltages of units GRI VU, and IU-1 are monitored, the voltages
are applied to the input of the vertical deflection amplifier through
switches V3.and V2 ("GR, VU, IU" monitor). ,
Relay RI., which is controlled by the "MONITOR" channel switch located (p.178)
in unit IU-1, is.Used to select the channel to be tested (channel I or
The trigger pulse from unit, BZ is checked with switch V3 in the third
position.
The switching pulse from unit GR is checked with the switch in the
fourth position.
The fifth, sixth, and seventh positions are used to check the
sinusoidal voltage from the. shock excited oscillator and the voltage after
the horizontal and vertical deflection amplifiers of channel I or II from
unit GR.
11
The eighth position is used to check tha voltages after the subtraction
circuits of unit VU.
The voltage after the blocking oscillator of unit VU is checked with
the switch in the ninth position.
. Output voltages Of unit IU-1 are checked with the switch in the
eleventh position. ,
Examples of voltage forms seen on the screen of the tube relativeto
the position of the switches are given on photographically copied labels .
in the tube channels.
Rectifier circuit of unit K0-1. The rectifier circuit includes the
?
following basic elements: filament transformer, plate transformer,
rectifier, filter, and voltage stabilizer. The filament voltage for all
tubes is taken from the filament transformer:
Transformer Trl with Iwindings is used as the plate transformer. .A
supply voltage of 220 volts, 50 cps is applied to the primary winding (P 179)
of the transformer (taps 1-2). The two secondary windings are connected
in series. The voltage from taps 3-5 is used,to supply the +650 v
/lectifier. An a-c voltage from taps 4-3 is applied to the -400 v rectifier.
The plate transformer is hermetically sealed:
The +650 v rectifier is based on a halftNave circuit with six selenium
rectifiers. The rectified voltage is filtered by a n -section filter 1
consisting of capacitors C13, C14 and resistor R31. The rectified voltage
is applied to the electronic voltage stabilizer.
/
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Tube V5 (6P3S) is used as the regulator stage of the stabilizer.
The control system of the stabilizer is a single-stage d-c.amplifier.
.which uses one triode of tube V6 (6N2P).
The reference voltage source of the control stage-is an SO4S (V7)
stabilovolt (voltage stabilizer tube).
Resistors R38, R39, R40 are used as a divider for the reference
voltage.. Potentiometer R40 is used to adjust the +650-v voltage within
limits of t30 v.
The +650 v stabilized voltage is taken?from the cathode of the
regulator stage of tube 6P3S (V5) and applied to the plate of the cathode-
ray tube in unit K0-3 and through a special high-voltage plug to unit I13-1.
The -400 v rectifier is also based on a half-wave circuit. The a-c
voltage from the secondary winding of Trl (taps 3-4) is applied to
selenium rectifier 1)2.
The rectified voltage is fed to an-section filter consisting o
capacitors C10, 012 and resistor R25.
(p 180)
The -400 v rectified voltage is taken from capacitor C10 and fed to
the cathode of the cathode-ray tube in unit KO-3. Thus, the voltage between
the cathode and plate in the cathode-ray tube will be on thp order of
1,050 volts.
-Desim of unit K0-1. Unit K0-3 is located in the central compartment
of the cabinet. The unit is mounted on an angle-iron chassis. Tubes are '
arranged in a tube channel. On the front panel are doors which cover the
tube channels and the type 7L0-55 tube screen. Also on the front panel are
two switches, one toggle switch, the shafts.of two potentiometers, and
handles for removing the unit.
Small components are 'wired on a mounting plate within the unit.
The transformer and other. elements of unit KO-3 are attached to the
chassis.
Unit K0-3 weighs 8.5 kg.
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CHAPTER THREE (p 181
PLAN POSITION INDICATOR IK0-1
1. General Information Concerning Operation of the Indicator
The plan position indicator IK0-1 (Figure 71) is designed' for the
observation of dll detected targets and fir determination of their range
and azimuth. In addition, the IK0-1 can be used to solve problems in-
volving the directing of ones fighter airpraft to the planes of the
enemy. The IK0-1 ensures the continuous observation of detected targets
within the limit of the station's range. cThe plan poSitilbn of the de-
tected air targets is displayed on its screen automatically, in 6 form
convenient for visual observation. The plan position indicator is an
oscilloscopic device having a PPI scan and, an intensity spot signal.
Its basic unit is a cathode-ray tube: the plan position of the detected
targets is displayed on the tube screen. The sweep along the radius of
the tube screen is proportional to the range scale. It is started by
a pulse which starts the transmitting device as well; therefore the
position of each spot in the sweep line on the screen correspondends to
a definite range. Sweep is effected by the current fed to the deflecting
system of the cathode-ray tube. The scan along the circumference (the
rotation of the radial sweep) is proportional to the azimuth scale.
The sweep is brought into rotation by the synchronous transmission
system of the antenna's turn angle; therefore, the position of the radial
sweep on the screen correspondends to the Airection of the antenna's
electrical axis.
The voltages of the reflected signals and range and azimuth
markers act on the control electrode of tie cathode-ray tube. In
the absence of these signals the electron beam is cut. off by the
positive voltage at the tube cathode so that there is no image on,the
screen. With the arrival of each signal he potential of the control
cathode rises slightly, causing the appearance of an electron beam in
the form of a shining spot on the tube screen. The position of the
shining spot depends on the instantanious,ivalues of the deflecting
field induced by the range-marker and azimuth-marker systems.
The reflected signals create a display on the screen in the form
of dots: range-scale markers--in the foryo of a series of concentric
rings, corresponding to the fixed ranges; and azimuth-scale markers--in
the form of radially diverging lines, corresponding to the fixed angles
of rotation of the antenna.
(p 183)
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Fig. 71. Cabinet 106-1.
1 - unit BP-300; 2 - unit UPT-1; 3 - unit BP-200; 4 - unit RD; 5 - unit
TI-1; 6 - unit ZR-3; 7 - panel with plugs; 8 - unit VS-3; 9 - unit US;
10 - unit 13P-7; 11 - unit BP-150; 12 - unit UN-1.
110
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The I1(0-1 is intended forthree modes Of operations (Figure, 72).
1. The circular PPI mode-,-In-which-tlie-start Of-the-sweep-la-point -
on the screen which corresponds to the position of the radar on the site)
coincides with the center of the screen (Figure 72a).
2. The delayed PPI mode, in which the:sweeping of space can be
limited to a defihite-part of the range ad the start of the sweep can be
delayed up to 350 km. In the delayed PPI mode of operation the targets
located in remote parts of the station's zone of action are observed on
a magnified scale (Figure 72b).
The sector PPI mode (Figure 72c), in which the start of the sweep
mare shifted to any point of the screen1,and even beyond its outer
Atage. The display on the screen in this ease will give a more detailed
plan position of the targets in the seletted sector of radar operation.
Technical data and make-up of the indicator cabinet.
,t?
1. Indication of the target is brought about by Observing the
intensity spot signal on the screen of the- cathode-ray tube.
2. Scanning is radial-circular.
3. The range scales: 100, 200 and 370 km.
1+. The periods of full (360?) scan along the azimuth are equal to
ten seconds (six rpm) and twenty seconds (three rpm).
5. The delay of the start of the range sweep in PPI operation
can be varied within 40 to 350 km limits.
6. The coordinates of the target are determined visually by Observing
the position of the reflected signal relative to the grid of electrical
azimuth and range scale markers.
(p 185)
7. Either simultaneous or separate observation of the following
are possible on the tube screen: range scale markers (10, 50, and 100 km);
azimuth markers (5-degree and 30-degree);Jtwo km and 1-degree scale
markers; reflected signals coming from both the vertical and slant
channels.
Nake-4 of the IK0-1 cabinet. The PPI is mounted in a standard
cabinet and consists of the following units:
itY
-- scope 'unit TI-1;
-- sweep delay unit ZR-3;
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p 186)
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.u.
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Fig. 72. Displays on the Screen of the Plan Position
Indicator in Three Modes of Operation.
a - circular PPI mode; b - delayed PPI mode (20 km delay); c - sector PPI
mode.
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video signal unit VS-3;
ser4o amplifier US;
-- +300 v power supply unit BP-300;
-- 4-200 v power supply Wilt BP-200;
41?,.
-150 v power supply unit BP-150;
4.7.1 kv power supply unit BP-7;
power supply control unit UPT-1.
1:p
50X1-HUM
Circuit diagram and principle of operation of the indicator. A
circuit diagram of cabinet IK0-1 is given in Figure 73.
Trigger pulses (ZAP II) from trigger unit BZ of master voltage
cabinet ZN-Fl enter sweep delay unit ZR-3 from where the delayed trigger
pulse is fed to range sweep unit RD. A sawtooth pulse is formed in RD
and supplies the deflection coils in scope unit TI-1. In addition, a
negative sawtooth "range gate" pulse is taken from the first stage of unit
TD and applied to unit VS-3 where it serves as a trigger pulse for the
latter.
The following are applied to unit VS-3 in addition to the gate
pulse:
1. Vertical and slant channel video signals from the mixing
device.
2. Range scale markers for 2, 10, and. 50-100 km.
3. Azimuth scale markers for 1-degree (in combination with 2-km),
5-degrees, and 30 degrees.
,tY
All input signals in unit VS-3 are amplified, mixed and applied to
the modulator of the cathode-ray tube in unit TI-1
In the indicator tube unit are stages which supply the center
alignment coils and the focusing coils. Here is also mounted the
servomotor which works jointly with the servo amplifier (US) and
rotates the deflection coils synchronously with the rotation of the
antenna.
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(p 188)
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Fig. 73. Diagram of Wiring Connetions for Cabinet IKO-1.
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All units in the PPI receive voltage from units BP-300, BP-200,
BP=150 and BP-7. +.1
The central units are TI-1 and UPT-1. In the left compartments
(from top to bottom) are units ZR-3, RD, BP-200 and BP-300; in the
right--units VS-3, US, BP-7 and BP-150.
Remote plan position indicator IKO-Vlu The remote plan position
indicator IKO-V1 is intended for operation at.the command guidance
post in the radio-relay line system RL-30-.1;
p 189)
In principle, the'remote'indicator does not differ from the main
indicator and fulfills the very same functions.
The IKO-V1 cabinetisibmiL9iledwith the same units as IK0-1 except for
the delay unit. Unit ZR-2 is used in cabinet IKO-V1 in place of unit
ZR-3.
A plotter has been added to the remote indicator IKO-V1 to facilitate
the recording of the flight altitude of the target.
From the viewpoint of construction, IKO-V1 differs from the main
? PPI by having additional clamps used in transporting. the indicator in a
container.
2. The Indicator Scope Unit TI-1.
Function. The TI-1 unit (Figures 74 Ad 75) is intended for the
observation of all detected targets and for the determination of their
range and azimuth.
Technical data concerning the unit. i. Rotation of the sweep line
is synchronized with the rotation of the antenna. 2. Displacement of
the start of the range sweep is up to tworadii. 3. The diameter of the
focused spot at the screen center is about'', mm; in shifting the start
of the range sweep by two radii--about 2 mm.
,(t
Functional diagram of the unit. Figure 76 gives a functional diagram
of unit TI-1. The unit includes:
-- the cathode-ray tube;
-- the deflector system;
-- sweep center shifting stage;
-- the focusing stage;
-- the intensity control circuit;
S?
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Fig. 74. Unit TI -1 (Right Side).
1 - door of tube compartment; 2 - screen of tube 31LM32; 3 - range shift
control; 4 - focus control; 5 - sweep center shift control; 6 - intensity
control; 7 - azimuth shift control; 8 - screwdriver; 9 - fuse; 10 - fuse
condition indicator.
50X1-HUM
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.41mra-T.renamnamum,...mm.
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8
Fig. 75. Unit TI-1 (Rear View).
1 - plate for mounting small parts; 2 -
h - fine selsyn; 5 - coarse selsyn; 6 -
voltage supply plug; 8 - signal lamp; 9
tube modulator; 10 - focusing coil; 11 -
137
transformer; 3 - motor ADP-262;
sweep voltage supply plug; 7 - SSP
- plug for applying signals to
supply voltage plug.
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Fig. 76. Functional Diagram of Unit TI-1.
center shifting stage; 2 - 4.500 volt transformer and rectifier;
focusing stage; 4 BSM.
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;s.
--the servomotorll nit;
A
-- ?V 500 v transformer and rectifier.
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In the unit are four controls: "Intensity", "Focus", "Range
Shift", "Azimuth Shift", and the'toggle switch "Shift" which turns
on the shift of the sweep center.
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 77 gives
a schematic diagram of unit TI-1.
(p193)
The fundamental element of unit TI-1 is the cathode-ray tube 171.1.,
type 31LM32, on the screen of which targets are observedandthdrcoordinates
determined. -
3
The indicator tube operates in conjunction with the magnetic deflec-
tion system, consisting of the deflecting, shifting, and focusing coils.
Deflecting coil L2.serves to deflect Ole electron beam of the tube
from its electrical axis toward the edge of the screen and serves also
to rotate the beam on the screen of the tube synchronously with the
rotation of the antenna.
A deflecting coil of the open type (without an iron core) is used
in the TI-1 unit. The coil consists of eight sections, divided into
two groups, which are placed along the two side of the tube neck.
The placement and connection of the sections in the coil ensures
a uniform magnetic field across the tube. oThe defletting coil is
supplied by a sawtooth current generated in unit RD. The current
flowing through the coil forms a magnetic field which deflects the
electron beam of the tube. The degree of deflection is directly
proportional to the value of the current flowing in the coil.
The deflecting cOil rotates synchronously and in phase with the
rotation of the station antenna. Coil rotation is brought about with
the aid of a special servomotor unit which works in the same fashion
as the servomotor of unit VD-1. The difference between them consists
in their design and in the fact that motor ADP-362 is used in the
VD-1 unit and motor ADP-262 is used in the BSM unit of TI-1.
Selsyns of type SS-405 and motor ADP-262 of unit TI-1 are placed
in a separate silumin housing. The drive shaft of BSM transmits
rotation-through a special reduction gear to the deflecting coil.
(P 195)
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ArPLAI I .SCI
ATIAAVC
2-1220131.19211.-
O'P
?77-Atzsort-er2A-
TI4-1
Fig. 77. Schematic Diagram of Unit TI-1.
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
The voltage of the deflection coil is fed through the ball bearings of the
system (Without a special slip ring). Figure 78 shows the bracket with the.
servomotor unit and the deflecting system. The deflecting coil is shown in?
.
Figure 79a. The circuit for the transmission of current to the deflecting
coil through/the bearing is pictured in Figure 79b.
The shifting coil L3 is made similar to the deflecting coil with the
difference that it is enclosed in an external magnetic screen which consists
of thin permalloy rings. The shifting coils connectedto the plate
circuits of the two parallel-connected tubes V1 and V2, which form the
shifting stage of the range-sweep center. With a change in voltage at the
control grids of the tubes (resistor R10), their plate current changes as.
well. The resulting magnetic field which is thus created causes the sweep
to move along the radius of the screen. Thejairection of the magnetic
field determines the direction of the sweep shift.
The shifting of the Weep center along tie circumference of the
screen is brought about by the mechanical rotation of the shifting coil
about the tube axis. The rotation knob is 16cated on the front panel of
the unit.
The shift circuit may be turned off by switch V1 if the operator
wishes. When the circuit is turned Off, a -150-v voltage is applied to
the grids of the tubes; this turns off the tUlaps.
A wiring diagram for the deflecting and shifting coils is given in
Figure 80: For damping of natural parasitic oscillations in the dis-
placement coil, the coil is shunted by resistors R14, R15, which are placed
in the frame of the coils themselves. The shunting resistance of the
deflecting coils is located in unit RD.
p 198)
The +300 v circuit which supplieb the deflecting and shifting coils
in the unit is provided with a fuse. In parallel with the fuse is a neon
btib which signals the blowout of the fuse. ..
Focusing of the electron beam of the tube in unit TI -1 is accomplished'
by changing the current in the coil, which is connected to the plate :
circuit of tube V3. The current from this tube.is regulated by means of .
potentiometer R20, from the sliding contact-of which a positive potential
is applied to the control grid. The focusing coil (Figure 81) is placed in
the iron shield which concentrates the magnetic field. The use of the .
.shield permits one to decrease the necessary'ampere-turns of the focusing
coil and to reduce the interaction between te focusing and deflecting
fields of the system.
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
Fig. 78. Bracket With Servomotor Unit and Deflection System.
1 - motor; 2 - fine selsyn; 3 - coarse selsyn; 4 - cover over reduction
gearing; 5 - deflection system.
142
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+303 v
-15.aput--`-N
of RD
-- -1
ulating_ tube_
;kid- arair
7--
Lneck of tube
, frame
insulating hous3ngbearings
_2
-
ccbYineflunfde-flicti?on?coli-1
_
Fig. 79. Deflection 'System
(Diagram of current flow to deflection coil through bearings).
#3024i6c00 Ari?tuaol
a joikpost
tVilay N ?
I 0 0 1
b j
.HLtsza
!to platei
r___1317413
lof_urcit RB
? r---
tiates
/52-7
LOLkl
Lthaf
"(Loki?
Fig. 80. Diagram of Col Connections.
a -deflection coil; b - shifting coil.
50X1 -HUM
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50X1-HUM
Optimum focusing requires coincidence of the axes of the tube and
focusing coil. This is Obtained by proper oonetruotion of the eyetem.
Optimum position for the coil is found by moving it along the axis of the
tube. In addition, in order to receive a sharper focus a d-c voltage of
+500v from the special rectifying apparatus in the unit TI.,1 is applied
to the accelerating electrode of the tube.
Regulation of intensity is brought aboutilby applying a positive
potential to the cathode of the tube.
The positive potential is applied to theicathode of the tube from
the divider R11, R12, R13. p 201)
Signals from unit VS-3 are fed to the control electrode of the
tube. To prevent flashes and burnouts of the phosphor on the screen
of the tube during a break in the circuit whl,ch connects the control
electrode of the tube with unit VS-3, a negatfive potential is applied
to the control electrode through resistor REicwhich blocks the tube in
case,of a circuit break.
Construction of the unit. Unit TI-]. is uituated in the central.
compartment of the indicator cabinet. The unit is fastened in the
cabinet in such a way that it can be turned 900 around the points that
fasten the unit.
The unit contains a cathode-ray tube of the type 3ILM32, three -
6P3S tubes, a rectifier, and the bracket with the deflecting system
and the servomotor unit. The tubes are placed. on a special removable
panel above the indicator. On the bracket is a neon bulb which signals
the presence of a reference voltage in the ADP-262 motor..
, On the front panel are: the tube screen with the frame and light
filter; the control knobs for shifting the start of the range sweep, for
intensity, and for focusing; the switch for turning on the Oircuit
displacing the start of the range sweep; a'fuse and a neon bulb.
The light filter has a special metalized'cover which is connected
to the housing of the unit. This perMits the: light filter to be placed
very close to the screen of the tube.
Unit Ti-1 is connected with the other units in the cabinet with
the help of two.14 -pin plug and socket connectors and two high-frequency
connectors which connect unit TI-1 with units,VS -3 and RD. The 14-pin
connector.Shl is located on the bracket and serves for the transfer of
voltage_tb the servomotor unit.
:'/A 7.1 -kv voltage from unit BP-7 is admitted to the anode of the tube (202)
-through the high-voltage conductor and the cap which is set on the anode
of the tube.
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3
1
2
50X1 -HUM
Fig. 81. Focusing Coil.
1 - rotating ring; 2 - clamping lugs; 3 - stop screw.
1 45
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50X1 -HUM
The connecting cables are of suoh a length that it is possible to
turn the unit without disconnecting the supply voltage source.
The unit" is turned to permit regulation of the servomotor unit and
access to the plug-and-socket connectors and the tube panel. On a side
tall is a schematic diagram of the unit. The weight of the unit is 42.5 kg.
1. The Steen Delav_MAit ZR-1
Function. The sweep delay unit ZR-3 (Figure 82) is designed to
generate a trigger pulse, delayed with respect to the main trigger pulse,
and for the control of the output voltages of all the receivers and
signals of the vertical and slant channels from the signal-mixing. unit.
Technical data on the unit. The delay formed by unit ZR-3 changes in
10 km steps from 40 to 350 km. When the delay is switched off, a trigger
pulse arrives at the output of the unit without a delay.
The amplitude of the output pulse is not less than 10.V.
For stable operation of unit ZR-3 it is necessary that the 10-km
markers which come from unit BZ. have a sufficient amplitude.
. The value of the delay is read on the screen of the oscilloscope
tube when the control selector switch V2 is in the ninth position. The
first eight positions of switch V2 areused for monitoring video signals
having an amplitude from 1 to 5v. These signals are admitted to unit
ZR-3 from the outputs of all the receivers of the station and the outputs
of the SS-1 units(EI and Eli) as well.
Functional diazram of the unit. Figure 83 gives a functional diagram
of unit ZR-3. The unit consistsof the following elements:'
^ sautooth voltage generator;
sawtooth voltage amplifier;
electron relay for the signal level;
^ synchronization tubes;
-- blocking oscillator;
? stabilizing circuit; v,
mil .0
?????
cathode-ray tube with supply circuit; t,
vertical amplifier;
50X1-HUM
(p
204)
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?
50X1-HUM
1 - label on door; 2 -
- focus control; 5 -
pulse delay switch; 8 -
10 - illuminating bulb
Fig. 82. Unit ZR-3.
tubes in tube channel; 3 - intensity control;
screen of tube 71,055; 6 - test switch; 7 - trigger
trigger delay control; 9 - plug cover;
holder.
147
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?
,t1,c
tputput
Y/4-
017E4SyjCff-]'
odiL,
,ii_q
0 ,r=1_4.thIi 1
L4
1-VellitaLaChai
I Slant echo
Fig. 83. Functional Diagram of Unit ZR-3.
1 - sawtooth voltage generator; 2 -
relay; 4 - synchronization tube; 5
circuit; 7 - vertical amplifier; 8
circuit.
amplifieil; 3 - electronic
- blocking oscillator; 6 -
- mixing 4rcuit; 9 - tube
qx,
voltage-level
stabilization
supply
50X1 -HUM
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;
- switchover control circuit;
^ mixiw circuit of range-scale markers.
50X1 -HUM
The sawtooth voltage generator produces a periodic sawtooth voltage.
which is frequency-synchronized by the trigger pulse. The end of this
sawtooth voltage corresponds to a 400-km range, the beginning--to
.approximately 10 km, and different levels of the sawtooth voltage--to
various ranges from 10 to 400 km. This voltage is amplified by a?
paraphase amplifier.
Feedback is supplied from the amplifier to a charging capacitor to
increase the linearity.of.the sawtooth voltage.
The sawtooth voltage is the control voltage for the electronic
relay which, depending on the setting of the delay knob, is switched
over at different levels of sawtooth voltage ;',that is,at different
ranges. The electronic relay forms a negative square pulse whose
leading edge corresponds to the preset range: This pulse is differen-
tiated and the negative part of the differentiated pulse is admitted
to the cathode of the .synchronization tube. Ten-km range marker pulses
are admitted to the grid of this tube. Upon coincidence of the 10-km (p 20)
marker pulse with the differentiated pulse, a pulse appears at the
plate of the synchronizing tube which triggers the blocking oscillator.
The triggered blocking oscillator thus produces a delayed trigger pulse
which corresponds to the preset range and coincides with the 10-km
marker.
A special stabilizing circuit is used to prevent synchronization
alternately from two adjacent 10-km markers.
The blocking oscillator is supplied by a .damped sinusoidal voltage
from an oscillatory circuit which is connected to the plate circuit of ?
the electronic relay. The oscillations appear in the circuit at the
moment of tripping of the electronic relay. These oscillations affect
the amplitude of the output pulse of the blocking oscillator. The
output Pulse of the blocking oscillator is applied to the stabilizing
circuit which, depending on the pulse amplitude, changes to a greater or
lesser extent the level? of change-over of thealectronic relay.
,
When the delay is switched off, a trigger pulse arrives at the
output of the unit without delay.
64:
The magnitude of the delay is observed 61a the screen of the cathode -
ray receiver. During this time control switch V2 must be placed in the "
ninth position. 'Then, mixed 10-, 50-, and lop-km markers and the output
pulse/Of the blocking oscillator are fed to tlie vertical amplifier of
oscilloscope unit ZR-3.
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0
50X1-HUM
For the first eight positions of control switch V2, different .
voltages from all the receivers and units of thBsignal mixei. are
admitted to the input of the vertical amplifier. .
D-c vol?ages ;'or supplying the tube of the osillograph unit
ZR3 (-880v; +500v)are produced by a special rectifier lod'ated in the
unit itself.
. The unit has three controls - -the control, Delay Setting" for (p 207)
selection 'of the required delay value, and the controls, "Intensity" and'
"Focusing."
Unit ZR -3 can be used in the following 'cabinets: DUS-1, IKO -1, and
IAD-1.
' Deecrintion of the schematic diavram. Figure 84 gives a schematic ?
diagram of unit ZR -3.
,
The sawtooth voltage generator (tube VI )produces a periodic voltage
which triggers the electronic level-relay. The tube is hooked up as a
multivlbrator with cathode coupling. The' sawtoothvoltage is taken from
charging capacitor C2. The parameters of. the'-circuit are selected in
such a fashion that during the operation of the left half of tube Vi a
voltage is formed at the cathode which block the right half of the
tube. 0
At this time, capacitor C2 is charged from the plate voltage source
through resistors R7 and R3.. puring.,the charging of the capacitor the
voltage on the grid of the right half of tube Vi rises. This continues
until the voltage at the grid exceeds ,the-cut-off foliage. Tube V1 begins
to conduct, tube Via stops conducting,- after which grid currents appear
in tube Vlb which quickly discharge the capacitor through the small grid-
cathode resistance of V1 and resistors R5 and R6. Voltage at the plate
of 'Jib now rises, making tube Via 'conduct and the voltage at the cathode
to increase due to the current in tube Via. Tube Vlb stops -conducting,
and capacitor C2 again begins to charge.
For the purpose of synchronization, trigger pulses are 'fed to the
grid of tube 'Jib through capacitor C2; the arrival of these pulses at
the grid causes the, appearance of a grid current and prematurely stops
the charging of capacitor C2 (Figure 85). This accounts for the fact that
the end of charging capacitor C2, i. e., the maximum of the sawtooth
voltage, corresponds to the maximum range of.400 km; the minimum, i.e.,,
the beginning of the sawtooth voltage, corresponds to approximately 10 km,
and the different levels of sawtooth voltage correspond to ranges from 10
to,400 km.
II
p 210)
50X1 -HUM
?
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50X1-HUM
The sawtooth voltage is applied to the grid of the cathode-coupled
paraphase amplifier (V2). By proper selection of the value of resistor
R11 in the cathode coupling, sawtooth voltages are formed at the plates .
of both halves of V2 which are opposite in phase and equal in magnitude.
.The grid bias voltage for tube V2 is taken from part of cathode
resistance R15 and R16 through resistor R17.
Compensating capacitor C3 is connected between the cathodes of the
amplifier.
To improve the. linearity of .the sawtooth voltage, the charging of
capacitor C2 is not carried out directly from the d-c voltage source, but
from divider R13, R14, located at the right plate of the amplifier (V2b).
The sawtooth voltage is also used as the control voltage for the
electronic level relay. Divider R18, R19, R20 is connected between the
plate of tube V2b and the d-c voltage source (.150 v). Sawtooth voltage
from the cursor of potentiometer. R19 is applied to the electronic level
-relay; the d-c voltage varies (Figure 86) at the different points of the
? potentiometer from +30.v at the upper point of the potentiometer to -30 v
at the lower. The electronic relay flips over when voltage at its input .
(the grid of tube V3a) becomes equal to approxi,mately +30 v. Therefore,'
? when the cursor of the potentiometer is in the extreme upper position the
' electronic relay flips over at the very beginning, i.e., when the saw- ?
tooth voltage is equal to zero, which approximately corresponds to a 10
km range.
When the cursor of potentiometer R19 is moved downward the d-c
voltage drops and the switchover of the electrotic relay will take place
only at a certain level of the sawtooth voltage. This level will.
correspond to a definite range. Capacitor C5 tis inserted for better
transmission of the sawtooth voltage between the plate of tube V2b and
the cursor of potentiometer R19.
P212)
Description of the stepped-delay electronic relay circuit with a.
stabilization circuit. The electronic voltage-level relay works as follows
normally tube V3b is conducting and there is a positive voltage at its
cathode.
This voltage is applied to the cathode of V3a through crystal diodes
D2 and D3, conducting in the given direction; thus, tube V3a is cut off.
When the sawtooth voltage at the grid of V3a reaches the operating level
of the electronic relay, the current which appears causes a decrease of
the voltage at the, plate of V3a and an increase of voltage at its cathode.
itt
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11,1.
It$,..'..
GUMKICCITS
.: s"
$..
.
1;
: -0?,
',J.: 1
---r.
ITIk:
t, ^????-?
0
of Unit ZR-3.
Schematic
t7.0
?1-1
Gx4
50X1-HUM
50X1 -HUM
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trigger level
of' multivibrator--
sawtooth voltage
-
4X1tor Ja4MAvitif
ri?t-riiger- pulse
- -
ii
Fig. 85. Synchronization of the. Sawtooth Voltage
by the Trigger Pulse.
Fig. 86. Diagram of Sawtooth Voltage Transmission From
Amplifier to Electronic Voltage-Level Relay.
50X1-HUM
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50X1-HUM
. As a consequence of the increase in voitage at the cathode of V3a
and the decrease in voltage at the cathode of V3b)crystal diodes D2 and
D3 Cease to conduct; but the cathodes of the left and right halves of
electronic reilay tube V3 became disconnected from each other (Figure 87).
The voltage at the cathode of V3a rises in proportion to the rise of
the sawtooth voltage to a maximum at the grid of V3a. V3a continues
to conduct, whereas 113b is cut off. After this, the sawtooth voltage
begins to fall.
A return to the initial position of the relay occurs at a lower
level than the initial switchover. Therefore', when the sawtooth
voltage is lowered, conditions are created for a return of the circuit
to the initial state. However, with samll delays, the switchover takes
place. at low levels of sawtooth voltage so that return to the initial
state becomes impossible and normal operation of the electronic relay is.
upset (Figure 88). In order to ensure normal operation of the electronic
relay for the starting ranges, capacitor 08 is connected to the cathode'
of V3a. While the sawtooth voltage is rising capacitor C8 charges; but
during a quick drop in the sawtooth voltage C8 is not able to discharge
completely, so that some voltage remains in it andoconsequently, at the
cathode of V35 which will bring about the cutoff of V3a at a higher voltage
level than normally is needed to make it conduct.
While the electronic relay is Operating, a negative square pulse is
formed at the cathode of V3b whose start corresponds to the 'selected range
value. This pulse is differentiated by circuit Cll and R29. The positive
part of the differentiated pulse is clipped by crystal diode D4. The
negative part, which corresponds to the start of the pulse of the electronic
relay, is applied through crystal diode D5 (in order to lower the resistance
of the transmission circuit) to the cathode of synchronization tube V4a.
Capacitor C15 is used to smooth the differentiated pulse.
Synchronization tube V4a is normally cut off by a large negative
bias. When "'Delay" Switch V1 is in the position "On", a negative
differentiatiated pulse from the electronic relay is applied to the cathode
of V4a and 10-km range markers are applied trough capacitor C15 to the
grid. The tube conducts only during coincidence of these two pulses.
Moreover, a pulse is produced at the plate load of the tube (the winding
ok blocking transformer Tr2) which triggers blocking oscillator V4b. The
blocking oscillator is normally in an operating mode close to a blocked state
due to the self-bias formed by the circuit R35 and 017. The blocking
oscillator forms a delayed output pulse which, corresponds to the selected
range and coincides with the 10-km marker (Figure 89). The output pulse
is taken from cathode load R36.
50X1-HUM
(p 216)
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_
tre-CV.50]
t
21_711-1
rtq-Tv315)
tyt,
.1
[trigger levell
_
50X1 -HUM t
q,
Fig. 87. Voltage Forms in the Circuit of the
Electronic Voltage-Level Relay.
0
? cutoff aevelat V3a (wi.that capacitor '
Fig. 88. Trigger Level of Electronic Voltage-Level Relay
- - at Small Delays.
50X1 -HUM
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50X1-HUM
When the "Delay" switch V1 is in the "Off" position, a main trigger -
pulse is applied to the synchronization tube grid from unit BZ which
actuates blocking oscillator V4b at the instant correspon4ng to zero range.
The trigger p,ilse is admitted without delay tci the output Of the unit.
The blocking oscillator pulse is fed to the output of the unit
through stretcher circuit D13, 032.
A special stabil.ization circuit is used for stable operation of the
delay circuit. Oscillatory circuit V1 and 09 is connected to the plate
of tube V3b. During switchover of the electronic voltage-level relay
(cutoff of V3b), damped sinusoidal oscillations are formed in the
oscillatory circuit whose first period is used in the stabilization circuit.
Damping of the circuit is determined by resistor R26 which shunts the
circuit. The period of oscillations is equal to approximately 70 micro-
seconds, that is, about 10 km. These oscillations are fed through circuit
R30 and C12 to the plate winding of blocking transformer Tr2.
The voltage at the plate of the blockindOscillator appears as the
- sum of the d-c and sinusoidal voltages. Consequently, the amplitude of
th6 pulses of the blocking oscillator will vary in accordance with the
sinusoidal voltage.
As was mentioned before, the blocking oscillator operates when the (p 218)
10-km marker coincides with the differentiated pulse at the cathode of ,
tube V4a. The sinusoidal voltage and differentiated pulse are range-shifted
in accordance with the instant of trigger bperation.
:5
The 10-km marker pulses do not change their position with respect
to time. Thus, the amplitude of the output pulse depends on the relative
position of the 10-km marker and the sinusoidal voltage. The
amplitude is medium when the 10-km marker coincides with zero sinusoidal
voltage; greater than medium when the marker coincides with th6 positive
half-wave of the sinusoidal voltage; or smaller than medium when the
? marker coincides with the negative half-wave of the sinusoidal voltage.
Figure 90 shows the amplitude of the output pulse of the blocking
oscillator changes during various points ofrelvtripping. If'therelvialps
at instant 1, then the 10-km marker (Figure 90) will coincide with the
zero of the plate sinusoidal voltage of the blocking oscillator (Figure 90b)
and the amplitude of the output pulse will be of a medium vlaue (Figure 90a).
, This is the most stable position, since now the 10-km marker coincides
with the maximum of the differentiated pulse at the cathode of the'
synchronizing tube (Figure 900 -so-that synchronization-of-the-blocking---
oscillator now becomes more precise.
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If the electronic relay trips over at instant 2 (Figure 90a), then/
the 10-km marker coincides with a higher plate voltage (Figure 90b) and
the output pulse amplitude will be greater (Figure 90e). If the electronic
relay trips &t, instant 3 (Figure 90a), then tlie 10-km marker will
coincide with a lower plate voltage of the blocking oscillator (Figure 90b)
and the amplitude of the output voltage will become smaller (Figure 90e).
The output pulse is admitted through blocking transformer Trl and
crystal diode D1 to capacitor C7 of the stabilizing circuit and charges
it. The crystal diode ensures rapid charging of the capacitor and slow
discharging. If the output pulse has a high amplitude (position 2,
Figure 90e), then capacitor C7 will be charged to a higher voltage, and
across capacitor C6, which is connected through a large resistor R21 to
C7, as well as at the grid of the electronic relay there will be impressed
a higher voltage; now the electronic relay will trip at a lower level of
the sawtooth voltage, i.e., will shift closer to position 1, which is the
most stable. If the output pulse has a lower amplitude, (Figure 90e,
position 3), voltage at the grid of electronic relay P3a will decrease and
it will be capable of tripping at a higher level of sawtooth voltage,
- i.e., it will again move closer to position 1.
Thus, for any small departures of the instant of operation of the
electronic relay from that of the most stable, the stabilizing circuit
will force it to return to the most stable position.
(p 220)
Control oscillograph and power suDylLaircuit. The unit has, a control
oscillograph which measures the magnitude of delay or the external voltages.
Transformer Tr3 has special windings which provide voltages for the (p.221)
cathode-ray-tube of the oscillograph. These voltages are rectified by ? '
selenium rectifiers D10, Oil and 012 and are applied to the third plate
of the. (+800 v) and to a voltage dividel consisting of resistors
R501-R51 and R52 (-500 v). From the divider,the control voltages are fed
to the tube modulator (intensity) and to the firstplate of the tube
(focus), as well as to the tube cathode. Also supplied to the tube cathode
is the gating pulse of sawtooth flyback taken from the plate of Via.
Crystal diode D9 serves to restore the d-c component of the gating pulse
after capacitor C24..
Positive voltage for adjusting the focusis supplied from
divider R48, R49 to the second plate of the tube.
The sawtooth voltage from the plates of tube V2 of the paraphase
amplifier is used to actuate the sweep. / A
TV ?
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To one of the vertical deflection plates. is supplied voltage from .
the plate of tube V5 of the vertical amplifier; to the other vertical de-
flection plateAs supplied vertical-shiftovoltage for the sweep from
voltage dividei R53, R54. The vertical amplifier incorporates tube V5.
The amplifier has a self-shifting circuit consisting of resistor R40
and. capacitor C20. With the control switch V2 in the ninth position,
the oscillograph is used for the control of delay. Range marker pulses
are fed to the control grid of tube V5 through crystal diodes D6 and
D7, and the output trigger pulse is fed through crystal diode D8.
The range scale markers and the delayed trigger pulse are now seen on
the oscillograph screen (figure 91).
The oscillograph is used'for testing the receiver output circuits (p 223)
and signal-mixing units when-the test-selector switch-is-in any_of_._
the first eight positions. In these positions, the output voltage
of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th centimeter-wave receivers,
the. mixed slant channel E II and mixed vertical channel E I are fed
to the control grid of tube, V5.
.Testing of the'ilnit. Testing of'unittR-3 is carried out with
the aid of five test jacks:
.G 1-1/-- for testing the trigger pulsc.at the input of the unit;
-- for testing the square pulseat the cathode of tube Vi;
G-2 -- for testing the sawtooth Voltage at the cathode of tube
V2;
G-3 for testing the square pulse a-b.-the cathode,of tube V3b;
G-4 -- for testing the blocking oscillator output pulse (delayed
trigger pulse) at the cathode of tube V4b.
Design of the unit. Unit ZR-3 is built as a separate instrument
on a standard chassis. In the tube channel are five tubes (three
6N8S, one 6N9S, one 62E4), five test jacks,and a switch. The screen
of the cathode-ray tube, type 7L055, shafts of the three potentio-
meters "Intensity", "Focus", and "Delay Setting", trigger-pulse delay
switch, test switch knob, and witch-inscription illuminating bulb
are located on the front panel.
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idiftql ? Pini; RV
1
^
_
-a07ayed
,pulee
ii Ii [gill
Fig. 89. Voltage Forms in the
Synchronization Circuit,.
a.- trigger pulses; b sawtooth voltage
at grid of intensity electronic relay;
c - square pulses at cathode of inten-
sity electronic relay; d - differentiat-
ed pulse;'e - 10-km marker; f - output
pulse of blocking oscillator.
I
Fig. 90. Voltage Forms in the
Stabilization Circuit.
a - operating level of electronic
intensity relay; b - sinusoidal voltage
at plate of relay and at plate of
blocking oscillator; c - differentiated
pulse at cathode of synchronizing tube;
d 10-kth'marker at grid of synchro-
nizing tube; e - output pulse of
blockinefscillator
?.,
Fig. 91. Image of Delayed Pulse on
Oscillograph Screen.
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0,)
The delay-setting knob has a stop whia limits the position of
the knob in such a manner that a maximum delay cannot exceed 350 km.
The cathode-rair tube is mounted on a special support in the upper
part of te unit. Potentiometers "Intensity" and "Focus"are
in'sulated from the frame of the unit. The unit has two connectors:
Weight of the unit is 7.6 kg.
[one page of original text missing.]
4.
The sawtooth voltage generator consists of' a multivibrator,With a (p 227)
charging capacitor. It is started by a, trigger pulse. This stage
determines the duration of sawtooth.voltage. The sawtooth voltage
is amplified by a three-stage amplifier with feedback. .The last
stage acts as a power amplifier. In this stage the .sawtooth voltage
is transformed into a sawtooth, current which can be adjusted to a
desired value. Feedback from this stage is applied to the charging
capacitor for linearization of the sawtooth voltage and to the first
amplifier for compensation of sawtooth voltage distortion, From the
specifications of the range sweep unit (RD) it is seen that the unit
generates sweep signals which vary_in duration and .range scale depending
on the type of indicator used.
Thus, in the PPI (IK0-1) cabinet are generated three sawtooth
current pulses with durations of 300 km - I, 370 km - II and III.
The current amplitude is .sat in such a manner that on the first
range scale the sweap'length is three rad of the tube, on the
?secOndrange:scale.-- two radii, and. on the third range scale -- one
radius (Figure 94a).
//
In the cabinet of.the range sweep unit (IAD-1) are generated
three/sawtooth current pulses of 30, 50 and 100-km duration. The
current for all three range scales is sett'yuch that the sweep length
..-0111 be 1.4 radii of the tube:
In cabinet IIV-1 is generated one sawtooth current pulse having
a duration of 300 km. The sweep length should be 2.1 radii of the
tube.
Therefore, each cabinet has its own circuit commutation which
determines the duration and length of sweep in accordance with the
function of the cabinet.
The unit has a three-position switch and six controls. The
switch is used for selection of the sweep range. Each range has
controls for continuous change of the duration ("Duration I",
"Duration II.- III") and of the scale ("Scale I", "Scale II" and
"Scale III") within the limits indicated in the technical data for
(P 229)
?
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Fig. 92. Range Sweep Unit RD.
1 - label on door; 2 - tubes in tube channel; 3 - range-scale selector
switch; 4 - holder for illuminating bulb; 5 - adjustment of duration I;
6 - range-scale I adjustment; 7 - adjustment of duration 8 - range-
scale II adjustment; 9 - adjustment for sweep start of I1(0-1; 10 - range-
scale III adjustment; 11 - cover for plug connectors.
UM
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1 itGitkE-11-thil
4 FortIEidiT--S iiIrr
t-
_1 0 01_94',1" ---P4345-T
?
e
1 c chi nal-7 .
riTica-L
Fig. 93. Functional Diagram of Range Sweep Unit RD.
1 - sawtooth voltage generator; 2 - first amplifier; 3 - second amplifier;
4 - power amplifier.
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, ?,.
(1 - .761 Q.'; ?
,/ a 1 1.X ? 1-^Z;': ' L. r,''=
'..
i A 71i 39
?..? -... V4 kg
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io....!
'17>iff404:1.4fi_ '
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50X1 -HUM
,Ter level of . ?
J40ht haOr-4-071
Fig. 94. Sweep Range Scales Generator by Range Sweep Unit RD.
a - duration and sweep length for various indicators; b - dependence of
sawtooth voltage duration on parameters of the circuit.
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the unit. The adjustment "'Correction for Start of PPI (IK0-1)"
serves to compensat6-for the non-linearity of the initial sector of
the sweep in the PPI (IK0-1) and the height measurement indicator
(IIV-1). ///
u,
The switch in cabinet IIV-1 should not be used.
-' Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 95
,-15hows a schematic diagram of range sweep unit RD.
A multivibrator with cathode coupling,incorporating tube V1
is used as a sawtooth voltage generator.. The sawtooth voltage is
generated during charging of capacitors C4, C5, C6, or C7, depending
on the desired duration. Switching of the. capacitors is carried out
with switch V1 and commutation to various cabinets by grounding .
corresponding circuits in the appropriate 'cabinet. Thus, in cabinet
PPI (IK0-1) capacitor C4 (ueed to obtain r, II and III duration) is
grounded, in the azimuth-range indicator (IAD-1) cabinet capacitors
C5 ("Duration I"), C6 ("Duration II") C7 ("Duration III") are
grounded through switch V1, and in the heiht, measurement indicator
(1W-1) capacitor C. is grounded.
Prior to the arrival of the trigger pulse at the multivibrator
circuit the left half of tube V1 is blocked by negative bias while
the right hall of V1 is conducting and the tube grid has a positive
voltage close to zero. The capacitor connected to the grid is not
charged.
A positive polarity trigger pulse is applied to the cathode
of tube V1 which reduces the current in the conducting right half
of the tube. Now the voltage at the plata of the right half of the
tube rises and makes the left half of the tube conduct. The current
in the left half of the tube (being considerably greater than the
current in the conducting right half of the tube, because the plate
resistance of the left half is considerable smaller than the plate
resistance of the right half) increases the voltage at the common
cathode resistance of tube Vl. This increased voltage now blocks
the right half of tube Vi.
p 231)
Charging of the capacitor, connected to the right grid of tube V1
through crystal diodes Dl, D2 and D3 and resistors R11 and R12 now
begins. Voltage at the right grid of tube V1 rises during the charging
of the capacitor. This rise continues until the grid voltage exceeds
the conduction potential of the right half of tube Vi; then the tube
begins to conduct, voltage at the plate fails, and the voltage at the
grid of the Zeft half of tube V1 also drops. The left half of tube
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?1;
Schematic Diagram of Range Sweep Unit
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V1 is how blocked and its current ceases .to flow through the common '
cathode resistance; voltage at the cathodfn of tube V1 now drops,
which results in increased conduction in the right half of tube V1
and the appearance of grid currents in thi's tube.
After this, the capacitor is rather rapidly discharged by the
grid currents through the small grid-cathode resistance of the conducting
right half of tube V1 and resistor R8, R9 and R10.
,As a result of this, a sawtooth voltage is formed at the grid
of the right half of tube Vi. The duration of this voltage pulse (p 232)
depends on the rate of capacitor charging and on the amplitude to
which the capacitor has been charged prior to conduction of the
tube. The rate of capacitor charging depends on the parameters
of the charging circuit, i.e., capacitance of the capacitor and the
size of resistors Rh l and 1112. The amplitude depends on the value
of positive voltage at the cathode of tubey1 which blocks tube Vlb.
This voltage is formed as a result of current flowing from conducting
tube Via through resistors R8 and R9 or R10 (depending on the position
of the switch and commutation in the cabinet). As is seen from Figure
94b, an increase in the capacitance of the charging capacitor, as well
as an increase in voltage at the cathode of V1, i.e., conduction level
of the right side of V1, will result in an increased duration of the
sawtooth voltage (C1 4: C2; Ul 4: U2; T1 < T2 4: T3). Selection
of the sweep range is effected therefore by selection of an appropriate
value of the charging capacitor (C4, C50 ?c6 or C7) and resistance in
the cathode circuit of V1 (R9 and R10). Continuous adjustment of the
duration is carried out by varying the value of the cathode resistance
(variable resistors R9 and R10).
The sawtooth voltage from the charging capacitor is applied to '
the first amplifier incorporating tube V2a. Voltage .from the plate
of this amplifier is fed through capacitor' C10 to the second amplifier.
Voltage from the plate of V2b is applied through Cll to the power
amplifier incorporating tubes V3 and V4, which are connected in
parallel. Feedback voltage for the charging capacitor is taken .
either from the cathode of output tubes V3 and V4 (in cabinets
IX0-1 or IAD-1) or from potentiometer R30 (in cabinet IIV-1).
This voltage is fed through capacitor C8,to the cathode of crystal
diode D3 which blocks the diode. With the rise of sawtooth
voltage at the charging capacitor, a corresponding rise of voltage
occurs at the right plate of capacitor C8. Capacitor C8 now begins
to feed current to the charging capacitor circuit through resistors
Rll and R12. Since the voltage at the right plate of capacitor c8
rises according to a sawtooth rule, i.e.,Isuniformly, the value of
current fed to the charging circuit remn6 constant, which ensures
a rather linear charge of the capacitor. .Since the capacitance of
(p
233)
?
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C8 is considerably larger (about 100 times) than the capacitance of
the charging capacitor, the discharge of capacitor C8 during the
forward stroke of the sawtooth voltage will be insignificant. During
the flybaA stroke, capacitor C8 will be recharged to a voltage of
300 lythrough diodes D1, D2,. and D3. u,
,The performance of cabinet IIV-1 doesinot require great linearity,
but it rewires ease of adjustment of the sawtooth voltage form so.
'that the range &veep can be matched with the optical pcale. In
cabinet II11-1 the sawtooth voltage form can be varied by regulating
the linearity. For this purpose the voltage supplied to capacitor
C8 is taken not directly from the cathodes of V3-V4, but from
potentiometer R30 in the cathode circuit. Also, an additional
feedback is suppled from the same points is the fundamental; the
latter passes through C8 to the charging capacitor. The additional
feedback is coupled directly to the charging capacitor through
resistors R36 and R37.
Depending on the position of the sliding contact of potentiometer
R30, the sawtooth voltage in the upper end, of resistor R37 can be
either larger or smaller than the sawtooth voltage at the charged.
capacitor. If the voltage across R37 is greater than at the
capacitor, then an additional current will pass through R37 and
R36, increasing the charge current of the?dapacitor. The sweep
now will be stretched at the end. If the voltage across R37 is
smaller than at the capacitor, then a current will travel through
E37 and R36 in a reverse direction, decreasing the charging current
of the capacitor. The sweep now will be compressed at the end.
In cabinets IK0-1 and IAD-1 the sliding contact of potentiometer,
R30 is connected to the cathodes of V3 - V4 so that feedback is taken
directly from the cathodes.
?,Both halves of tube V2 and tubes V3 1.11/1.1- form a three-stage
amplifier with negative feedback. On the left side of the first
tube (V2) of the stage the following voltages are impressed:
1
-- on the grid, a linear sawtooth voltage of positive polarity
from master oscillator Vl;
-- on the cathode, a positive polaritisawtooth voltage from the
cathode of the last tube of stage V3-V4 which has been distorted
by tubes V3 - V4, type 6P3S.
it
p 234)
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When voltages of identical polarity are fed to the grid and cathode
of the left half of tube V2, the tube will.amplify the difference
between tSese two voltages. This-difference is further amplified by
the right half of the second amplifier V2 and is then admitted to the
grids of the third amplification stage V3 - V4, which also serves as -
the output stage for the range sweep unit RD.. Let us assume that,
due to the distortions caused by the output tubes, the voltage at the
cathodes of these tubes has decreased.- This voltage drop will be
reflected in the left-half cathode of tube V2 through the feedback
circuit.
. Then the voltage difference amplified by the left half of tube
V2 will become larger and the voltage on the grids of the output
stage will also become greater, thus compensating for the decrease
introduced by the output stage.
(p 235)
During operation of the unit in cabinet IIV-1 the degree of
feedback is lowered. Voltage applied to the cathode of tube V2a
is taken from divider R26 and R27 (resistor R28 is .used for monitoring).
Resistor R26 is shorted in cabinets fICO-1 and IAD-1.
Tubes V3 and V4 are connected in parallel to increase the
current fed to the deflection coils. For the same purpose the
plates of tubes V3 and V4 are supplied with + 300-v power. The
circuit of crystal diodes D4, D5, D6 and D7 is intended for
restoration of the d-c component of the sawtooth voltage after
capacitor Cll. The deflection coil of the4ndicator serves as
a plate load for tubes V3 and V4.
Continuous adjustment of the range scgle is achieved by
regulating the tube current of the power output amplifier. This
is achieved by varying the cathode resistance of these tubes
(R29, R30 or R31).
When removing the scope unit TI-1, Tr,-2 or TI-3 from the
cabinet, the deflection coil is disconnected from the output tubes,
which results in an increase of the plate load resistance of tubes
V4 - V3. This in turn causes a drop in the plate current and an
increase of current through the screen grids. This might overheat
resistors R23 and R25. To avoid the possibility of such over-
heating, the supply voltage to tubes V3 and V4 should be disconnected
during the removal of scope units TI-1, TI-2 or TI-3 from the
cabinet.
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,/
,A negative pi-shaped pulse is fed toVideo signal units VS-3 and
from the plate of tube Via.
When &nge sweep unit RD is used in IK0-1 or indicator p 236)
IIV-11 resistor R13 is provided which forms a controlling pedestal
for correction of the non-linearity of the sweep start. During
the discharge of capacitor C4, which is connected to the same
circuit, current travels through crystal diode D8 which helps to
reduce the discharge time. Matching of the range sweep with the optical
scale is necessary when unit RD operates in cabinet This
matching is carried out in the following manner: the beginning of
the range sweep, up to 50 km, is regulated by potentiometer "Correction
of Start of IKO-1" with a scale angle of 40; the middle part, approxi-
mately from 50 to 200 km, is regulated by potentiometer "Scale I",
also with a scale angle of 40; and, finally, regulation for over 200 km
is done with potentiometer "Scale II" with a scale angle of 20?.
Since range sweep unit RD is used to Obtain various sweeps in cabinets
IK0-1, IAD-1, and ITV-1, appropriate jumpers are provided at the con-
nectors in these cabinets.
Testing the unit. Testing of range sweep unit RD is. carried
out with the aid of two test jacks: W
G1 -- used to test the intensifier puiSe at the plate of Vla;
G2 -- used to test the sawtooth voltage at the'cathodes of the
tubes of the power amplifier (V3 and V4).:^1
Design of the Unit. Range sweep unit RD is in the form of a self-
contained unit mounted on a standard chassis. The tube channel has
four tubes (two 6N8S and two 6P3S) and -blab test jacks.
On the front panel are the shaft of tfie range sweep selector
switch and the shafts of six potentiometer's: two duration-adjustment
potentiometers, three range scale adjustment potentiometers, and a
potentiometer for adjustment of the sweep?start. The front panel
has two illuminating bulbs. The unit has one plug connector. The
unit weights 6.5 kg.
5. Unit VS-3 for Mixing and Amplifying Video Signals
Function. Video signal unit VS-3 (Figure 96) mixes into a single
channel the range marker pulse, echo signals, and identification
signals; it also amplifies them and controls the cathode-ray tube.
50X1-HUM
(P 237)
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Fig. 96. Unit VS--3.
1 - cover for socket; 2 - common amplification control; 3 - amplification
control for range-scale markers; 4 - 2-km marker toggle switch; 5 - 10-km
marker toggle switch; 6 - 50-km and 100-km marker toggle switch; 7 - azimuth
marker toggle switch; 8 - socket for illuminating bulb; 9 - toggle switch
for channel I signals; 10 - toggle switch for channel II signals;
11 - socket for illuminating bulb; 12 - limit control; 13 tubes in tube
channel; 14 - label on door; 15 - reserve toggle switches.
170
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Technical Data on the Unit. The unit output signal can be
regulated/from 0 to 70 v. The bandpass of the unit is 1.5 Mc.
Functional Diagram of the Unit. A functional diagram of unit
VS-3 is given in Figure 97. The unit consists of the following
components:
-- input dividers;
4.11.
wideband amplifier;
output stage;.
control tube.
Reflected signals, identification signals, and range and azimuth (p 240)
scale markers are admitted to the input ofithe unit. At the input
of each channel is a toggle switch (except for the IFF channel).
When these toggle switches are on, all the signals are admitted
to input dividers, are mixed, and then admitted to a wideband amplifier
through a common channel.
The wideband amplifier consists of two stages. Common ampli-
fication is adjusted in the first stage. ?Control of scale marker
amplification permits varying the amplitude of the scale marker
relative to the video signals. Limiting control carried out in the
second stage of the amplifier prevents defocusing of signals on the
indicator when signals with large amplitude are admitted to the input
of unit VS-3.
A cathode follower serves as the output stage of the unit.
Range-gating pulses of indicator I1(0-1 and range-. and azimuth-
gating-pulses of indicator IAD-1 are fed to VS-3 and make the circuit
at the input of the amplifier conduct.
In the absence of gating pulses, the signals will not arrive at
the input of the amplifier. 1,0
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PS cal&
ifarkeiigan;
-
gam - - ?
- 'Midi" ?
Lputplit
sr ?
;vertical echol
axiat !slant echo I
1-4
A prahirkers----1
1.2-iim-MarkaTt
10 41-07-kininaili
A
L-50 Med Ma-laul
Lmarkers
iffillerve j.
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Fig. 97. Functional Diagram of Unit VS-3.
1 - input dividers; 2 - wideband amplifier;1,3 output stage; 4 - control
tube.
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of the unit. Figure 98
The following signals are
. Description of the schematic diagram
shows a schematic diagram of unit VS-3.
to the/ circuit:
-- signals of the vertical channel;
-- signals of the slant channel;
^ identificdtion signals;
fed
-- 2-km range markers and 1-degree azimuth markers; (p 242)
-- 10-km range markers;
-- 50-km and 100-km range markers;
-- 50 and 300 azimuth markers.
(t7
,11
0 ?
All of these signals are admitted to input dividers R1 to R23
where the amplitude of the signal is reduced from 3 to 40 times.
The input dividers are connected in a star'pattern. Nixed signals
are admitted to the grid of the first amplifier tube from the
common point of the dividers.
,
Because the sweep speed in IAD-1 is greater than in IK0-1,
auxiliary shunting resistors R1, R2, R9 and R10, located in cabinet
IAD-1 and connected in parallel with.the vain dividers of these
circuits, are connected to the dividers of,the 2-km range markers
and azimuth marker circuits.
The first amplifier stage incorporates tube Vi (6Z114) and
ensures amplification on the order of 15. Amplified signals from
the plate load R31 and R32 of the first amplifier tube are fed
through capacitor C3 to the grid of the second amplifier stage.
The second amplifier stage incorporates tube V2 (6P9) and
ensures amplification on the order of 10,:' .From plate load R37 to
R40 of the second tube the signals are admitted through capacitor
C6 to the grid of the cathode follower. The cathode follower
incorporates tube V3 (6P9).
The signals are applied to the grid oD,the cathode-ray tube
from cathode load, R51 of the output stage.
dt?
TO eliminate the flyback trace on the eathode-ray tube, the
circuit has a.provision for blanking the signal during the flyback
sweep.
0
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(p 243)
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coesnamit!mc obermilrua
:1111
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A'negative potential from the,plate of the right half of con-
ducting tube V4 (6N8S) is fed through resistor R24 to the anode of
crystal dipde D2 where it blocks the pulse-transmission circuit to
the grid 6f tube Vi. A negative pi-shaped pulse from range sweep
unit RD is fed to the unit during the forward sweep. During the
appearance of a negative pi-shaped pulse, the right half of tube 114
does not conduct and the voltage at its plate becomes zero. This
voltage is applied to the crystal diode, causing the signal-transmission
circuit to conduct. Azimuth blanking ie'ca-rried out in a similar
manner. The left half of tube 114 is used as a diode and serves to
restore the d-c component of the voltage after capacitor C6.
LL
The circuit of the unithas the following ,control elements:
a) 8 toggle switches which permit any, of the channels to
be switched on or off; 0-
b) common amplification control ,of the unit;
c) amplification control of the rangelscale markers;
d) limiting control.
Testing the Unit. Testing of unit VS-3 is carried out with the
aid of four test jacks:
G1 -- for testing signals at the cathode of tube Vi; (p 244)
G3 --for testing signals at the cathode of tube V3;
G4 - for testing range blanking pulse at the plate of V4;
G5 -- for testing azimuth blanking pulses.
Design of the Unit. Unit VS-3 is a self-contained instrument
mounted on a standard chassis. The tube channel has four tubes (one
6Zh4, two 6P9, one 6N8S) and four test jacks. All the control elements
are accessible on the front panel. Two illuminating bulbs are mounted
on the panel.
The unit weighs 6.8 kg.
50X1 -HUM
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Jy
,o
6. Sweep Delay Unit ZR-2
50X1-HUM
(p 245)
Function. Sweep delay unit ZR-2 (Figure 99) generates trigger
pulses delayed with respect to the main trigger pulse produced by
trigger unit BZ.
Unit ZR-2 is intended for use with inaicator IK0-1 and also may
be used with indicators IKO-V1 and IAD-1 11 place of unit ZR-3.
Technical data on the unit. The delay is continuously regulated
from 10 to 350 km. With the delay unit disconnected, the trigger pulse
arrives at the output of the unit without delay.
The output pulse amplitude is not less than 15 v. Delay setting
error on the unit's scale does not exceed +10 km.
Functional diagram of the unit. A functional diagram of unit
ZR-2 is shown in Figure 100.
The unit consists .of the following components:
trigger pulse tube;
clamping diode;
phantastron;
synchronizing tube;
blocking oscillator. ,ut
The trigger pulse is admitted to the circuit through the trigger
tube. From here it is admitted through a dlamping diode to the phant-
astron and triggers it. At this instant the phantastron generates a
square pulse. The phantastron pulse duration is variable and is
controlled by varying the voltage at the Phantastron plate which is
set by the clamping diode with the aid of Potentiometer R7"Delay
Setting?
The trailing edge of the phantastron pulse triggers the driven
blocking oscillator through the synchronizing tube and generates
the delayed trigger pulse. The value of the delay is read on the
dial. Switching-on of the delay is carried out by placing switch
"Delay" in position "On". When this switch is in position "Off",
a main trigger pulse is applied to the blocking oscillator and a
trigger pulse,without delay is applied to the unit input.
(p 248)
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50X1 -HUM
Fig. 99. Unit ZR-2.
1 - label on door; 2 - tubes in tube channel; 3 - cover over connector;
h - end correction; 5 - socket for dial-illuminating light; 6 - delay dial;
7 - delay control knob; 8 - start correction; 9 - delay toggle switch.
177
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The unit has three controls. The con'drol "Delay Setting" serves'
for setting the desired value of the delay. Control "Correction of
Start" and "Correction of End" serve for 'setting the highest and lowest
value of 'the delay (Matching with the scale).
Description of the functional diagram of the unit. A functional
diagram of Unit ZR-2 is shown in Figure 101.
The positive trigger pulse is admitted through trigger tube V1 to
the cathode of clamping diode V2a. Then ache trigger pulse is admitted
through the clamping diode and the,phantattron cathode follower (V2b)
to the control grid of the main phantastron tube V3.
Description of the phantastron circuit. Prior to the arrival of
the trigger pulse, voltage at the control grid of tube V3 is high, and
the cathode current is strong and forms a voltage drop at the cathode
of this tube which is sufficiently high to blank tube V3 at the
auxiliary control grid. At this time there is no plate current in
tube V3. Capacitor C5 charges through the cathode follower (tube
V2b), grid-cathode resistance of tube V3, 'and resistors R13, R14. (p 250)
Charging is rapid due to the lbw resistatte of the-charging circuit-i? --------
With the arrival of a negative trigger pulse at the control grid
of tube V3, the cathode current of this tube decreases and voltage
at the cathode drops, thus-making tube V3 conduct through the
auxiliary control _grid. A plate current now appears in tube V3 and
the plate voltage drops. This voltage drop is transmitted through
cathode follower V2b and capacitor C5 to the control grid of tube V3,
resulting.in a further drop of potential aid a decrease in cathode
current/ This process occurs in an avalatche fashion. Now the
circuit is in an unstable state. Capacitor C5 recharges through
resistors R11 and R10. Voltage at the control grid of V3 now
,begins gradually to rise and attains a level where the unstable state
" is disturbed and favorable conditions arecreated for a new sawtooth
process. ?
As the cathode current of tube V3 increases, so does the voltage
at the cathode of this tube. This blocks tube V3 at the auxiliary
control grid, decreases the plate current', and increases the plate
voltage of tube V3. The increased plate voltage is admitted through
cathode follower V2b and capacitor C5 to the control grid of tube
V3, thus further increasing tube conductivity. The process occurs
in an avalanche fashion and ends by the return of the circuits to
the initial state. After this, capacitor:C5 is charged through
Cathode follower V2b, grid-cathode gap of.,.ktube V3 and resistors R13
and R14. ,
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Fig. 100. Functional Diagram of Unit ZR-2.
-1 - trigger pulse tube; 2 - clamping diode and cathode follower; 3 -
phantastron; 4 - synchronizing tube and blocking oscillator.
?Lo'
(I
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Fig. 101. Schematic Diagram of Unit ZR-2.
I -10
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. During the operation of the circuit a sqpare pulse of negative (p 251)
polarity is formed at the cathode of tube V3 ? (Figure 102).
.?
When he toggle switch is in the position "Delay On" this pulse
is fed to the grid of synchronizing tube'V4a and is differentiated
in its plate circuit. The differentiated pulse, corresponding to
the trailing edge of the phantastron pulse, passes through the
grid winding of the blocking transformer to the grid of blocking
oscillator V413;.
The blocking oscillator is normally mit off by a negative bias.
With the arrival of the differentiated pulse the blocking oscillator
operates and generates a delayed trigger pulse which is taken from
the third winding of the blocking transformer.
The value of the delay depends on the duration of the phantastron
pulse, which in turn depends on the magnitude of voltage at the plate
of phantastron V3 when the plate voltage As absent. This voltage
can be controlled by potentiometer R7 through clipping diode V2a.
The control limits are set by potentiometer R8 ("Correction of
Start") and R6 ("Correction of End").
The magnitude of the delay is read froil a visible dial.
Negative bias to the grids of tubes Via, V4a and V4b is supplied
from a common divider consisting of resistors R27 and R28.
Testing the Unit. Testing of unit ZR-'2 is carried out with the aid
of three test jacks:
(1) 253)
G1 -- for testing the main trigger pulse at the input of the unit;
G3 -- for testing the phantastron pulse-at the cathode of tube V2;
G4 -- for testing the output trigger pulse.
?
Design of the Unit. Unit ZR-2 is mounted on an individual standard
chassis. In the tube channel are four tubes (three 6N8S, one 6A7)
and three test jacks.
j.
On the front panel of the unit are the delay turn-on switch, a'
potentiometer shaft for setting the delay with the dial, and two
potentiometer shafts for adjustment of the start and end of the
delay. Over the delay setting knob is theodial window and an
illuminating bulb for the dial.
The unit has one plug-and-socket connector.
The unit weighs 6.3 kg.
50X1 -HUM evrc.
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Ltrigger
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LI
- -
Fig. 102. Voltage Forms in the Delay Circuit.
?
1 01
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CHAPTER F OUR (p 254) .
/ 'STATION REMOTE CONTROL CABINET DUS-1
.1. General Information on Operation of the Cabinet Equipment
The station remote control cabinet DUS-1 (Figure 163) serves for
controlling and monitoring the transceiver equipment of the station.
Because the DUS-1 cabinet contains its own plan position indicator,
it is possible to select the mode of operation for the entire station
as well as its individual units and mechaniiMs.
Presence of the indicator also makes it possible to effectively
combat active and passive interferences by alwitching on protective
circuits or. switching off the affected channel or the antenna slant.
Signal communications with the electricqpower unit is carried
out from the DUS-1 cabinet.
The cabinet provides for monitoring the.output voltages of each
of the centimeter-wave receivers and the identification system receiver
and the mixed outputs of the vertical and slant channels.
,t11
The operation of the units. for protection against nonsynchronous .
pulse interference, located in cabinet ZN-F1, is monitored from the
DUS-1 cabinet (on the display screen).'
Cabinet DUS-1 consists of the plan position indicator, the
mixer system units, and the remote control panel.
The mixer system consists of two identical units -- signal mixers, p 256)
in one of which are mixed the output voltages of the vertical channel:
centimeter-wave receivers, and in the other -- the slant channel
centimeter-wave receivers.
Either of the centimeter-wave channels may be disconnected from
the station in these units while retaining the possibility of monitoring
the output of each of the receivers on the dbreen of the cabinet display.
. The combined unit for blanking the start and for tuning the inter-
ference protection circuits are also part of the cabinet equipment;
pulses for blocking the input circuits of ihe.-!mixers and pulses for
tuning the instruments for protection against nonsynchronous interference:.
are generated in this unit.
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Fig. 103. Cabinet DUS-1.
1 - unit UFT-1; 2 - unit BP-300; 3 - unit BP-200; 4 - unit RD; 5 - unit
TI-1; 6 - unit ZR-3; 7 - panel with plugs; 8 - unit BNF; 9 - unit ?DU-i;
10 - false panel; 11 - unit US; 12 - unit SS-1; 13 - unit VS-3; lb - unit
SS-1; 15 - unit BP-7; 16 - unit BP-150.
183
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Technical data. The following units may be switched on and off
remotely from the DUS-1 cabinet:
rec,iving -transmitting apparatus of the station;
-- each of the receivers together with,othe corresponding transmitter;
? MARU and DIF noise protection circuijzs in the receivers; .
-- circuits for controlling the slant Of the antenna reflector
system.
2. The cabinet panel provides for the following:
-- monitoring the magnetron current of:each of the 'transmitters;
-- signaling of trouble in the transmitting apparatus and switching
on the plate voltage of the magnetrons.
3. The 200 v, 50 cps and the 200 v, 400 cps voltages are monitored (p 257)
in this cabinet. ,
4. Remote switching on of cabin rotation and initiation of the
warning signal are provided for in this unit.,
5. Adjustment of the output voltage ofthe VPL-30 unit and the
gain circuits of all receivers are possible.
6: Mixing of the output voltages of tht three vertical beam
receivers into a common vertical channel anstof the three slant beam
receivers into a common slant channe1 is performed in the units of the '
,DUS -1 cabinet.
7. The DUS-1 cabinet provides for monitoring the output voltage
of each of the receivers and output voltages of the vertical and slant
channels on the screen of the oscilloscope. ?
9
, In addition, the output voltage of eachof the centimeter-wave
receivers, the output voltage of the vertical and slant channels, and'
the identification signals may be monitored individually on the screen
of the test indicator.
8. Over-all adjustment of the units for protection against non-
synchronous pulse interference can be made from the screen of the test
indicator.
9. The plan position indicator includia in the DUS-1 cabinet has
the same technical specifications as the main operating indicator.
tl,
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Make-up of the DUS-1 cabinet. The station remote Control cabinet -
is a standard ilan position indicator combined in alsingle 'cabinet with
the mixer units and the remote control. panel.
The DUI-1 cabinet consists of:
-- the plan position indicator with all its units;
^ di*
two signal mixer units SS-1;
-- blanking and filter adjusting unit BNF;
-- remote control panel PDU-1.
. For the convenience of the operator, unit US of the indicator has
lieeh removed from the main cabinet to an upper attached section and
one of the SS-1 units of the slant channel is located in its place.
Thus, in the attached section of DUS-1 are: IU-1 -- central; the
upper left section is a spare, the lower isuunit BNF; on the right side
(from top to bottom) are units US and SS-1 of the vertical channel.
Control panel B-12 of the NRZ-1 system is located on cabinet DUS-1.
Circuit diagram and operating principle' of the cabinet equipment.
The circuit diagram of cabinet DUS-1 is given in Figure 104. The plan
position indicator performs the same functions in the cabinet as the
main plan position indicator.
p 258)
The output voltages:of the centimeter-wave receivers are led to
the switch of unit ZR-3 from where they are applied to the mixers of
the vertical and slant channels -- units SS-1. The two SS-1 units are ,
identical. Each has three input circuits for the centimeter-wave
channels. In unit SS-1 the output voltages of the receivers are
correspondingly mixed in the vertical and slant channels and pass to
the switch of unit ZR-3 for monitoring on the screen of its tube. (p 260)
From unit ZR-3 the vertical and slant channel voltages are fed to the
cabinet junction box from where they are fed to other indicators.
Unit SS-1 has switches from which voltages are applied to the indicator
of unit VS-3. With these switches, the output voltages of the receivers
and the voltages of vertical and. slant.. channels.after mixing may_be_fed
separately to the inputs of the vertical and slant channels of unit
VS-3. The IFF voltage from unit B-15 goes to unit VS-3 of cabinet DUS-1.
Remote control panel PD11,1 is part of the control, monitoring, and
protection system of the station. Remote switching on, control, and
.monitoring of the tratbceiver equipment is performed from unit PDU-1.
A I.
? 50X1 -HUM
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50X1 -HUM
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a J 50X1 -HUM
A cOmplete description of unit PDU-1 im given in Part One, Chapter
Four.
VOltag9 supply for all units of cabinet-DUS-1 is taken from the
plan position indicator supply upits.
2. Signal Mixer Unit SS-1
Function. The signal mixer unit SS-1 (Figure 105) is designed for
mixing thevoltages of the three centimeter-wave receivers into
a common channel. The/station uses two completely identidal SS-1, units.
One of the 55-1 units Mixes the output voltages from the three vertical
beam receivers, forming the vertical channel; the other SS-1 unit mixes (p 262)
the voltages from the three slant beam receivers, forming the slant
channel.
Technical data. The output voltage of the mixed signals of each
channel is equal to the voltage at the output of the corresponding
receiver, i.e. the amplificatibn factor of the video amplifier is
equal to one.
The pass band of the video amplifier is. on the order of amc.
Functional diagram of the unit. A funcional diagram of unit 55-1
is given in Figure 106. The diagram include:
W.
input circuits;
mixed video signal amplifier I;
1.
amplifier II;
output cathode. follower;
blocking circuit;
test circuit.
4-k?'
.The output voltages of the vertical or slant beam receivers enter
through the monitoring switch to the input crystal diodes of unit SS-I;
the, diodes have a common load in which these voltages are mixed.
The simulated signals from unit BNF pass directly through the
crystal diode to the common load and are Mixed with the echo signals.
The load is.a potentiometer, from the cursor' Of which mixed voltages are (p 264)
fed to the video signal; amplification channel.
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Fig. 105. Unit SS-1.
1 - plug cover; 2 - illuminating bulb holder; 3 - toggle switches for
blocking (blanking) and switching off receivers; 4 - monitoring selector
switch; 5 - gain control; 6 - tubes in tube channel; 7 - nameplate on door.
50X1-HUM
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Fig. 106. Functional Diagram Of Unit SS-1.
JOG
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Blocking pulses from unit BDIF or a negative voltage for. cutting- '
off the receivers (blocking the input of unit SS-1) are applied to the
crystal diodes in the vertical or slant channel receiver circuits.
The mixed video signal amplification channel represents a three- .
stage amplifier, the last two stages of which have feedback. The "Gain"
potentiometer can change (within small limits) the amplitude of the ?
mixed video signals applied to the video ai'mplifierinput.
With the aid of the selector switch in units SS-1 it is possible '
to observe signals coming from the outputs of any of the receivers,
mixed signals from the outputs of the vertical or slant channels to
all indicators, and also)the same signals after they have passed the
interference-protection units.
0
'Description of the schematic diagram. Flgure 107 gives a schematic
diagram of unit SS-1.
Input and blocking circuits of the unit(-1 Unit SS-1 has 4 input
circuits. Three circuits are for the corresponding number of receivers
of the vertical and slant channels and are loaded with an impedance
equal to the cable characteristic impedance of 75 ohms. The fourth
circuit is for simulated signals used for tuning the noise-protecting
units.
A basic component of the input circuits .arediodes D6 and D8
through D101 to which the output voltages of the three receivers are
fed through switch V2.
(p 266).
Switches V3, V4 and y5, in this case, tiMst be in the middle
position. The crystal diodes have a common load -- resistor R22,
through which the input voltages from the receivers are fed.
To eliminate the appearance of blocking pulses or a negative voltage.
at the outputs of the receivers, dividers consisting of resistors R27.
to R291 R32 to R341 R37 to R391 and crystal 'diodes Dll to D16 are placed
in the input circuits of unit SS-1 to reduce these voltages at the input
of the unit to approximately 20-25 millivolt.
Mixed video signal amplification channel. The channel consists of
tabes V1 (6P9), V2 and V3 (6Zh4). The mixed,receiver voltage goes from
potentiometer R22 to the grid of video amplifier tube V3.
The signal passes from the plate of theu.tube V3 (resistors R17 to
R19) through coupling capacitor C7 to the cdatrol grid of tube V2. In
parallel with the grid circuit of V2 are two crystal diodes 03 and D4
for restoration of the d-c component of capaCitor C7) and also a
correcting network consisting of resistors R121 R131 R14 and capacitors
05 and C6 for creating the necessary video amplifier frequency and
amplitude characteristic. From the plate load (resistors R10 and R11),
?
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ti
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the signal passes through coupling capacitor C3 to the control grid of
tube Vi which operates as a cathode follower.
At the/plate of the tube are limiting resistors R2 and R3 which
are connected in parallel and blocked by capacitor Cl. In the grid
circuit of tube V1 are two series-connected diodes D1 and D2 for
restoration of the d-c component of the capacitor C3.
A negative voltage of about 19 vl applied to the control grid of
tube V11 shifts the characteristic of the tube to the left) thus
providing at the output of the unit a d-c component of the tube
current no larger than 0.2 v.
Tubes V1 and V2 are provided with feedback. Total amplification:
factor of the video amplifier is equal to one with a pass band on the
order of :2 Mc.
Blocking (blanking) circuits. The unit, has three selector switches
V31 V41 and V5) which correspond to the numer of receivers in each
channel. Blocking pulses produced in unit BNF are sent to the input
crystal diodes D8) D91 D10 when the switches are in "BL.IP."1 "BL.2P.")
and "BL.3P." positions. With the switches 1,n the position "OTKL-1P.")
"OTKL-2P.") and "OTKL-3P."1 a negative d-c voltage is applied. In the
first case the input of unit SS-1 will be blocked only during the time
of action of the blocking pulse; in the sect* case the input is
blocked as long as the switch is in position "OTKL". Resistors R231
R24 and R25 are part of the 150-v voltage divider circuit and form
the plate load of the BNF unit output tubes; depending on the position
of switches V31 V40 and V5.
Crystal diodes D17, 018 and 019 block the passage of output signals
from one output circuit to the other.
? Monitoring circuits. Signals from the -receiver'.s output enter
switch V2 through which they may be fed to input crystal diodes 081 D9
and D101 or they may first pass to unit VS-.3 of the monitoring indicator
in cabinet DUS-1 and then to the SS-1 input diodes..
When monitoring the receiver's output On the indicator screen in
cabinet DUS-1) the voltage Cfrom the output passes to unit VS-3 of cabinet
DUS-1 through selector switch V2 and proceedp -to the TI-1 indicator
tube. From unit VS-3 the voltage goes agail through switch V2 of unit
35-1 to the corresponding crystal diode. :;?
Thus) the output voltage is monitored h the -indicator screen
before entering the signal mixer.
p 268)
50X1 -HUM ,
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th
For example, with switch V2 in the first position the voltage from
the output of the first receiver goes to switch plate V2g. From the
arm of this plate the voltage goes to plug c9nnector Shl, contact 13,
and then to ?nit VS-3. From unit VS-3 this Voltage goes through plug
connector Shl, contact 161'to switch plate V2a, and through its arm
and the input circuits to diode D8.
. The mixed output of the video channel .(position "VYKh.SS") and the
mixed output of the video channel after theq-noise-protection apparatus
(position "VYKh. F") are monitored in the sane way. Such switching
makes it possible to monitor the output of each receiver directly on
the screen of the plan position indicator in cabinet DUS-1. Operation
of unit SS-1 maybe monitored through test jacks G1 and G3.
50X1 -HUM
it
Design of the unit. Unit 55-1 is assembled on a standard chassis.'
In the tube channel are twc)tubes of the type 6Zhii., one 6P9 tube; and
two test jacks.
On the front panel of the unit are: monitoring selector switch,
potentiometer for control of amplification,"USIL.", three switches for
blocking the receivers, and two dial - illuminating bulbs.
Unit SS-1 is connected to other units of cabinet:DUS -1 by two
plug connectors.
Inside the unit are components and smalluparts.
Weight of the unit is 7.5 kg.
3. Unit BNF for Blanking and.,.Tuning'the'Filter Units.
? Function. During operation of the station the receivers receive
signals reflected from the target as well as,those reflected from objects
located in the immediate vicinity of the stal.on (local objects) which
create' images on the indicator screen at thecSeginning of the range
sweep. In order to eliminate the images created by these signals on
, the screen, blanking pulses are applied to the inputs of units 65-1
/which temporarily disconnect the receiver circuits.
,
, .
The blanking stages in unit BNF form these blanking pulses; the ' - (p 270)
pulses have a controlled duration.
In unit BNF (Figure 108), in addition tothe blanking stages, is
a circuit for tuning and controlling the apparatus used for-protection
against nonsynchronous noises (in the filter units); the apparatus is
located in cabinet ZN-Fl. '
50X1-HUM.
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?
50X1-HUM
Fig. 108. Unit BNF.
1 - blanking start control; 2 - duration control for blanking pulse of
lower receivers; 3 - duration control for blanking pulse of upper receivers;
h - illuminating bulb holder; 5 - repetition rate control for simulating
pulses; 6 - pulse train duration control; 7 - simulating pulse cutoff
control; 8 - "Circle-Dot" mode switch; 9 - tube MN-3; 11 - plug cover;
12 - tubes in tube channel; 13 - label on door.
)94
UM
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50X1-HUM
Technical data. The blanking stages produce blanking pulses having
regulated duration within the limits of 20 to 110 km for the lower
receivers (1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th) and 20 to 60 km for the upper receivers /
(3rd and 6-").
The blanking pulse amplitude at the output of the unit under load,
during simultaneous blanking of all the receivers and with maximum
duration of the blocking pulses, constitutes approximately 60 v.
The circuit stages for tuning and testing the noise-protection
apparatus form trains of video pulses which,simulate the signals
reflected from the targets.
The circuit of the apparatus ensures continuous control of the
number of pulses in a train (from three to five), continuous variation.
df the amplitude within limits up to three volts, and continuous control
of the repetition rate of the simulating Pulses within limits of 1 cps
*50%.
Functional diagram of the unit. Figura 109 gives, a functional
diagram of unit BNF.
/It includes the following elements:
iJ
? ?
trigger pulse delay stage;
lower blanking oscillator;
upper blanking oscillator;
blanking pulse amplifier;
control pulse oscillator;
kipp relay;
gating stage*
?SP,
(P 273)
The blanking pulse delay stage delays the trigger pulse for a time .
equal to the duration of the sweep.- The stage produces-a-special_delay
pulse for this purpose. By Means of this. pulse, two pulse blanking
oscillators of the upper and lower channels are triggered; these pulses
are admitted through.the amplifiers to the SS-1 units.
,
Cutoff of the.inputcircuits of the SS-1 units is accomplished by
means of _Oprresponding channel switches located in the SS-1 units.
50X1 -HUM .
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50X1-HUM
4..
/
Fig. 109. Functional Diagram of Unit BNF.
1 - trigger pulse delay stage; 2 - lower blanking pulse oscillator;
3 - upper blanking pulse oscillator; 41 5 - blanking pulse amplifiers;
6 - trigger pulse oscillator; 7 - kipp relay;' 8 - gating stage.
50X1-HUM
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50X1 -HUM
c?
The' second assembly of the unit is the BEV apparatus for tuning the
nonsynchronous noise protection apparatus. The master pulse oscillator
generates video pulses with a regulated repetition rate-within-the-limits.
of one cps .t50%; these pulses trigger the kipp relay, which forms a
negative sgilare *Ilse that is admitted to the gating stage. The pulse ?
duration of the kipp relay is regulated within limits of 9 to 12 microsec,. .
,
The gating stage_also receives 50 and 190-km range markers from ;
-unit BZ; their amplitude is continuously reipTilated at the input of the .
unit.
0;
As a rsult of the effect of the pulseieiof the kipp relay and of
the 50 to 100-km range markers upon the gating stage, a train of video '
pulses of the simulating marks will appear at the output of the circuit;
these' marks can be fed with the aid of a swigch to the SS-1 units of the "
)ofivtical (El) or slant (Eli) channels.
The circuit provides for two modes of tuning: "Circle", and "Dots".- p 274)
In the "Circle" mode,: video pulses of the simulated marks are taken
continusouly from the output of the circuit; these pulses form concentric :
circles on the screen of the monitoring indicator. In the "Dots" mode,
trains of pulses are taken from the output oftthe circuit; these pulses
form marks on the indicator screen in a dot-form similar tO the markers
from the circuits and located along the radius of the sweep. Switching
from one mode to another is done by means of a toggle- switch.
t
Description of the schematic diagram. Figure 110 shows a schematic
diagram of unit BNF.
The trigger pulse delay stage is a kipp relay-type circuit. The
stage incorporates tube V1 of the 6N1P type. The trigger, pulse is
fed through capacitor e.14 and crystal diode D1 to the cathode of tube
Vi ? (Figure 111). Prior to the trigger pulse arrival, tube Vlb is
cut off (by a negative voltage through damping resistance R8) from the
-150 v circuit. Tube Via, prior to the arriVal of the trigger pulse,
is conducting. W r
td
When a trigger pulse arrives at the Vla-cathode, the tube ceases
to conduct and the plate voltage rises sharply. .This causes the ?
voltage at the Vlb control grid to rise. Vlb conduct's and the voltage
at its plate falls. !,
Since resistor R4 is considerably smaller than resistor R3, tube
Vlb forms (at the common cathode resistance) voltage which cuts off
tube Via. Capacitors Cl and C2 now begin t&charge through resistors
R1 and R2. 1 ?
0-
-1?t ?
50X1-HUM
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Fig. 110. Schematic Diagram) of, Unit BNF:
?
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Fig.
Fig. 111. Voltage Forms in Blanking Stages of Unit BNF.
50X1 -HUM
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? 50X1-HUM
The voltage at the control grid of tube Via grows in proportion to p 277)
the charge at capacitors Cl and C2; when it.treaches.the conduction level,
-tube Vla,begins to conduct. When this ocCurs, the voltage at the plate
falls. Thi, cuts off tube Vib. Capacitors Cl and C2 are discharged by
the grid currents' of tube Via. The circuit returns to itsinitial state.
As a result of this process, a negative squire pulse is formed at the
plate of Vlb. The duration of this pulse depends on the position of
potentiometer R5, which determines the value of the cutoff voltage at
theycathode of tube Vi. , u
The negative pulse from the plate of tube Vlb is admitted to the ,
differentiating circuits C5, R12, and C10, R21.
As a result of the differentiation of the trailing edge of the
negative square pulse, there is ,formed a voitage pulse which triggers
the upper and lower channels of the blankingjulse oscillators. Since
the duration of the negative square pulse is regulated, the instant at
which the positive differentiated pulse is eormed also varies relative
to the trigger pulse.
The blanking pulse oscillators Cif the upper and lower channels
have similar kipp relay. circuits and incorporate tubes V2 and V14: of, .
type 6N1P.
The stages generate positive square pulTes,which are taken from
cathode load R12 and R21.
???
The duration of the squate pulses is regulated by potentiometers (p 278)
R10 and R19, which are connected to the capacitor charging circuits C6
and C9. From the cathode loads of the blanking pulse oscillators,
through capacitors C8 and C121 positive square pulses are admitted, to
the control grids of the upper and lower channel (V3 and'V5) of the
blanking pulse amplifiers.
The blanking pulse amplifiers incorporgte tubes V3 and V5 of type
6P14P. The tube grids are blocked in the initial position. With the
arrival of positive square pulses to the grids, the tubes begin to
conduct. and negative pulses appear at theirrplate load resistances,
located in the SS-1 units.
The amplifiers ensure the required amPlitude of the blocking pulse.
When the Twitches in the SS-1 units are turned on, the plate circuits
of tubes V3 and V5 start to conduct and negative pulses appearaat the
plate loads which cut off the correspondineinput diodes of the SS-1 unit.:
6 :
The supp4 of tubes V3 and V3 comes frOn the -150 v power source.
50X1 -HUM'
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50X1 -HUM.
The'trigger -pulse-generator operates on, the principle of a relaxation:
oscillator. The stage- incorporates tube V6pf type 103.
Capacitor C13 is charged through resist zs R28, R29; the capacitor ,(1) 279)
is connected.An'parallel with tube V6.
?
//
When the voltage necessary to fire the. tube has been obtained at
the capacitor plate (connected to V6), the tube.begins to conduct, and:.
a.rePid discharge as C13 takes place throughiti
(;) ?
At resistor R30 a positive voltage pulse is formed (Figure 112)
which, through capacitor C20, is applied to:the-cathode of the kipp relay
stage V7. The charging theofcapacitor C13 and, consequently, the
triggering frequency of the oscillator, is regulated by potentiometer
R28. 4
k
The kipp relay circuit is analogous to the circuit examined in the
blanking stages. The stage incorporates tube 'V7 of the 6N1P type, From'.
the plate load resistance R34 of tube V7b a negative square pulse is. '
admitted through capacitor C16 to the control grid of tube V8b. The ,
duration of the generated pulse is varied byuleans of potentiometer R32..
The gating stage incorporates tube V8 of type 6N6P. Fifty-and -
100-km range markers pass through the plug connector Shlind contact 20
to the unit and through potentiometer R40 and capacitor C17 to the
control grid of tube V8b.
Tube V8b conducts in the initial stage. The voltage at its plate
and at the plate Of tube V8a is law. The operating mode of V8a is such .
that when V8b conducts,. tube V8a is cut off.With the arrival of the (P281)
kipp relay negatiVe?pulse at its control grid; tube V8b.etops conducting
and the voltage at the plates of V8a and V8erises. Naw'tube V8a starts :
to conduct and pulse trains appear at its cathode load R46, R47. The '
duration of. the kipp relay blanking pulse lies within the limits Of 9
to 12 microsec, which corresponds to the tim for 3 and 5 sweeps on the
indicator. During this time, from 3, , to 5 range marker pulses will
be formed at the resistances R460 R47.
By means of switch V2, the pulse train i from resistors R461 R47
pass through capacitor C19 to the SS-1 units :of the upper and lower
channels. By means of toggle switch V1, th gating stage is switched
over to either of the two modes of operation:'
50X1 -FI U 1V1
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UI
i
1 ,
I 1 I
1
a--11111i` 111m11111111111114ifitiliti i
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50X1-HUM
Fig. 112. Voltage Forms in Staged of Device for Tuning
Noise-Protection Apparatus of Unit BNF.
sfr
LI
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50X1-HUM
-- 'Tots" - when the kipp relay negativ pulse is admitted to tne
control grid of tube V8b;
?
"C4cle" - when a negative voltage le applied to the same grid
through resistor R49 from the -150 v source.
In the "Dots" mode, pulse trains appear!at resistors R46, R47, as :
was stated above, which form marks in the form of dots located along '
the sweep radii on the indicator screen.
In the "Circle" mode, the range marker.Otre repeated at resistor
R46, R47 so that concentric circles will be visible on the indicator
screen.
The intensity of the markers is regulated by potentiometer R40.
Testing of the unit. The unit is tested with the help of five'
test jacks:
G1 for testing the blanking pulse start delay;
G2 -- for testing the lower blanking 1P, 2P, 4P, 5P;
G4 -- for testing the upper blanking 3P,, 6P;
G7 for testing the kipp. relay pulse;,.
G8-- for testing the gate itage
Construction of the unit. 'Unit BNF is assembled on a standard
chassis. In the tube channel are located seven tubes (four 6N1P, two
6N14P, one 61'T6P).
- On the forward panel are all the potentiometers and two toggle
switches, tube'-3 with a cap, and .the illuminating bulb.
Unit BIT is connected with other unitsijin cabinet DUS-1 by means
of one plug-and-socket connector. Within the unit are located other
components and small parts.
0 ?
The weight of the'unit is 7.8 kg.
?
.?;*-
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CHAPTER FIVE
HEIGHT MEAS
? Di I
NT INDICATOR IIV-1
50X1 -HUM
1. General Information on the Operation of the Indicator
. Height measurement indicator IIV-1 (Figure 113) is designed for
measuring the height of detected targets. Measurement of the height
of targets takes place through the arrivalat the indicator of the
signals from the vertical and slant channels. On the indicator screen
appear points from which, with the aid of the scale projected onto the
screen of the tube, it is possible to determine the heights of the
detected targets.
The height neasuie-ment indicator is an Oscillographic one with
horizontal and vertical sweeps and an intensity spot signal.
Sweep a'cross the horizontal axis of theitube is linear and
proportional to the uniform range scale. Sweep on the vertical axis is
also linear and is proportional to the angle of rotation of the antenna
syatein relative to any fixed initial positior:.
The range sweep voltage controls the current in the coils which
deflect the beam in the horizontal directionl,and, as a result, the
beam moves to the left or right across the horizontal axis of the tube.
The sweep voltage for the angle of rotation of the antenna controls
the current in the coils which deflect the beam of the cathode-ray tube
in the vertical direction, and the beam therefore moves upward along
the vertical axis of the tube.
The reflected signal voltages of the vertical and slant channels
which pass to the display from the signal-mixer units (SS-1) are fixed
on the screen in the form of two vertical lines extending along the .
vertical axis of the screen.
The mutual position of these lines on the screen determines the
value of the angle of rotation of the antenna system between successive
interceptions of the target by the vertical and slant beams. ?
Hence, the range and angle of rotation of the antenna system may be
read directly from the screen of the display'tube on the electrical
grid scale.
? .x;
Having determined the angle of rotation of the antenna and the range,
the flight altitude of the target may be computed from known formulas.
(p 284
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50X1-HUM
-
Fig. 113. Cabinet IIV-1.
1 - unit BP-300; 2 - unit UPT-1; 3 - unit BP-200; 4 - unit RD; 5 - unit
PN-12; 6 unit RU-2; 7 - unit RU-1; 8 - unit VS-4; 9 - unit TI-2;
10 - unit BP-7; 11 - unit BP-150; 12 - unit UN-II.
204
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In order to increase operability, computations are first made for
altitudes from 0 to 30 km at every 2 km for all values of range from
20 to 300 km. Lines of equal altitude computed in this manner and
scale lines pr range and angle of rotation of the antenna are transfered
to a diapositive and are projected on the screen of the display with
the aid of a special optical device (unit PN-12).
The height of the target is determined by visually interpolating (p 285)
the position of the center of the marker from the slant channel reflected
.signal with respect to the lines of equal altitude which lie closest to it.
In order to read the altitude correctly it is necessary to align ,
the electrical scale markers with the scale markers projected on the
screen of the tube. Height of the target is determined once the zero
line of the projected scale coincides with the center of the reflected
signal markers of the vertical channel.
When the vertical and then the slant beams intercept two targets
with the same azimuth located at different altitudes but at different
ranges, the targets will be visible at different elevations.
When the target is near, two successive, interceptions of the target
by the vertical and slant beams will be made with large values for the
angle of rotation of the antenna. For the same scale of angles of
rotation of the antenna, the accuracy in determining altitude would
drop as the range increases. Therefore, twc vertical sweep scales
200 and 40? -- are used.
The use of two vertical sweep scales makes it possible to read the
altitude with minimum error at all ranges. An optical image presented
on the screen of the height-measurement indicator is given in Figure 114.
Technical data. 1. Target display is by a brightness marker on (p 287)
the screen of the cathode-ray tube.
2. Range is indicated by the horizontal sweep and angle of
rotation of the antenna by the vertical sweep.
3. Antenna angle of rotation scales are 200 and 400.
4. Range scale on the screen of the display is from 20 to 200 km
for an angle of rotation scale of 4o0 and frpm 120 to 300 km for an angle
of rotation scale of 200.
5. Height is determined by the vertical and slant antenna method.
50X1 -HUM
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1Z5
15
10
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50X1 -HUM
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Fig. 114. Optical Image on Screen of the
Height Measurement Indicator.
0
a) scale for antenna angle of rotation of 20,?; range from 120 to 300 km;
b) scale for antenna angle of rotation of le; range from 20 to 200 km.
50X1-HUM-
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50X1-HUM
. . The height of the target on the screen' of the tube is determined
visually from the position of reflected signals of the mixed vertical
and mixed slant channels relative to the lines of equal altitudes
projected on/the screen of the display by an optical method.
6. The height-measurement indicator provides for the successive
illumination of reflected signals from the vertical channel on the lower
part of the screen'and illumination of signals from the slant channel
On the top part of the screen. This makes it possible to simultaneously
observe the reflected signals of both channels on the screen.
Make-up of the IIV-1 cabinet. The height-measurement indicator
is built in a standard cabinet and consistt of the following units:
TI-2 -- display tube;
RD -- range sweep;
-
RU-1 -- elevation sweep input unit;
RU-2 -- elevation sweep output unit;
(p 288)-
-
VS-4 video signal unit;
PN-12 -- projection adapter;
BP-300 -- +300 v power supply;
BP-200 -- +200 v power supply;
BP-150 -- -150 v power supply;
BP-7 +7.1kv power supply;
UPT -1 -- power supply control unit.
Units TI-2 and UPT-1 are centralized. In compartments on the left
side (from top to bottom) are units RU-2, RD' BP-200, and BP-300, and on
the right side are units RU-1, VS-4, BP-7, and BP-150. The projection
adapter unit is located on the front panel of unit TI-2 (in place of the
light filter).
A diagram showing the wiring connections for the IIV-1 display is
given in Figure 115. Trigger pulses from unit BZ pass to unit RD. Unit
RD is the same as that in the IK0-1 cabinet." Unit RD shapes a sawtaoth'
current which supplies the horizontal deflection coils in unit TI-2.
50X1 -HUM
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50X1-HUM
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SET7IVININEN .17
If .SO:
000g
6 CM,
s
4 imme ?7
7
ni
Co
At
a
g
H-1206.
16 8
136 2101
5. KoPnies'
7
aws. frt 53P77
CIS
WI
0$1
f .30ot
WO;
4.1.0 -ssot
? xessi7vc
0
Co
W 1
IS
B?is-150;
.0) ??0106
gopnvc
^.22a
Fig. 115. Diagram of Wiring Connections for CabinetqIV-1.
50X1-HUM
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A description of-unit RD is given in Chapter Three, section 4.
Note: 12he scale switch in unit RD of cabinet IIV71 must be placed
in the first/position. The switch is not used.
The SSP (selsyn) voltages are applied to unit RU-1 from unit VD-1. (p 290)
Units RU-1 and RU-2 shape a voltage proportional to the angle of
rotation of the antenna which is used to supply the vertical deflection
aoils, to shape the square pulses which trigger the elevation sweep,
and to switch channels in unit VS-4.
Unit VS-4 receives voltages from the outputs of the vertical and
slant channel signal-mixer units, range and azimuth scale marker pulses,
range gating pulses from unit RD, and an elevation sweep gating voltage
from unit RU-1. Incoming video signals and scale marker signals may be
turned on and off individually at the input of the unit.
The signals entering unit VS-4 are mixed, amplified, and sent to
the modulator of the cathode-ray tube in unit TI-2. Switching of the
vertical and slant channels is also provided for in unit VS-4.
Unit TI-2 contains the stages which supply the alignment coils
and-Zfocusing coil.
An electrical scale grid is illuminated on the screen of the tube
and; in addition, a scale grid and equal-height lines are optically
projected on the screen from which the height of the target is read.
The electrical and optical scale grids are first aligned on the screen.
A description of the method of aligning the grids is given in the
description of unit RD.
Unit PN-12 is used to project the scale grid on .the screen.
All units in cabinet IIV-1 are supplieefrom standard power
supply units BP-300, BP-200, BP-150, and BP-7.
2. Indicator Tube Unit TI-2.
Function. Unit TI-2 (Figures 116 and 117) is used to determine the
flight altitude of detected targets on the screen of the tube using a
scale which is optically projected on the screen.
Technical data. 1. The accuracy of aligning the electrical and
optical scales for an antenna angle of rotation from 50 to 300 and a
range from 20 to 250 km is tl mm.
(p291)
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Fig. 116. Unit TI -2 (Front View).
1 - door of tube compartment; 2 - screen of tube 311,M32; 3 - focus control;
4 - brightness control.
210
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7
Fig. 117. Unit TI-2 (Rear View)
1 - plate for mounting small parts; 2 - transformer; 3 - tube housing;
14 - bracket for attaching deflection system; 5 - fuse; 6 - fuse condition
indicator; 7 - plug for sweep voltage supply; 8 - plug for SSP voltage
supply; 9 - plug for feeding signals to tube modulator; 10 - plug for
power supply voltage.
50X1-HUM
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2. A pOint focused in the center of thOJ screen changes its
dimensions at the edges of the screen by a factor of not more than 1.5.
A functional diagram of unit TI-2 is given in Figure 118.
The unit includes:
41M
imam
cathode-ray tube;
deflection system;
vertical and horizontal alignment stages;
-- focusing stage;
-- brightness control circuit;
-- +500 v rectifier.
.3
'
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 119 gives
a schematic diagram of unit TI-2.
The main element of the unit is the cathode-ray tube V5, type
3111132, whose screen is used to determine the height of the target.
(1) 295)
The tube operates in conjunction with a magnetic system which includes
the deflection and focusing coils.
Unit TI-2 uses closed-type deflection coils (on a closed iron core).
The deflection coils are used to deflect the electron beam of the '
tube away from its axis in response to a predetermined rule.
Four coils, boated two each on the vertical rods of the core,
deflect the beam in a horizontal direction. Each coil has two sections
1 and 2. The series-connected coils of sectibn 1 deflect the beam in
a horizontal direction and are supplied by a'sawtooth voltage from unit
RD. Deflection of the beam is proportional to the current through the
coils. In order that the horizontal sweep begin from the edge of the
tube rather than the center, the series-connected coils of section 2
are introduced and connected against the coils of section 1.
These coils are supplied by a d-c voltage through tubes V1 and V2.
The value of this d-c current and, consequently,' the deflection of the
beginning of the sweep can be changed by means of a potentiometer in
unit RU-2.
50X1 -HUM
(P 297)
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(
,
50X1 -HUM
her sweep I fool RP
Fed. sweep Fe,"
RU1041)
Fig. 118. Functional Diagram of Unit TI-2 (TI-3).
1 - horizontal alignment circuit; 2 - vertical alignment circuit; 3 -
focusing circuit; 4 - transformer and +500 v rectifier.
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Iso
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Fig. 119. Schematic Diagram of Unit T1-2 (TI-3).
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? t?
50X1-HUM
Four coils, located two each on the horizontal rods of thecore,
deflect the beam in a vertical direction. The coils of section I are
connected in parallel and deflect the beam vertically. These coils
are supplied/by a voltage proportional to the angle of rotation of the
antenna which originates in unit RU-2.
In order that the vertical sweep begin at the bottom of the
screen and not at the center, the series-connected coils of section 2
are introduced and connected against the coils of section 1. These
coils are supplied by a d-c voltage through tube V3. The value of
this current and, consequently, the deflection of the start of the
vertical sweep can be changed by means of a potentiometer located
in unit RU-2. iu
Each section of the coils is shunted by a resistor for the purpose
of quenching natural parasitic oscillations (the shunting resistors
are placed in the coils).
The focusing system and the brightness control circuit in unit
TI-2 are identical to those in unit TI-1 (Chapter Three, section 2).
An over-all view of the deflection system of unit TI-2 is given in
Figure 120.
'Design of the unit. The unit is located ,in the central compartment
of the indicator cabinet. The unit contains: cathode-ray tube
31LM32 with deflection and focusing systems, four 6P3S tubes, and a
+500 v rectifier transformer.
The deflection system is designed to provide for shifting of
the coils around their bases when aligning the electrical scale markers
with the optical lines of the scale.
Above the tube is a panel on which all tubes and small components
are mounted.
On the front panel are the screen of the cathode-ray tube with a
frame and the knobs of the brightness and focus controls. Means for
securing the optical attachment are also provided.
The unit is held in the cabinet in such a manner that it maybe..
turned 450 around the point of attachment in its compartment.
The unit is linked to the other units in the cabinet by two 14-
pin plug connectors, a high-voltageplug, and two high-frequency plugs.
, One of the 14.-piii-plugs is attached to the chassis of the unit and
the other to a 'bracket on the deflection system.
The unit weighs 13.8 kg.
("P _299)_
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Fig. 120. Deflection System of Unit P1-2.
1 - adjustment screws of horizontal deflection coils; 2 - horizontal
deflection coils; 3 - vertical deflection coils; 4 - adjustment screws of
vertical deflection coils.
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Projection Adapter Unit PN-12 for Cabinet IIV-1
Functiop. The PN-12 projection adapter unit is designed for pro-
jecting a family of equal-altitude curves and a scale grid on the
phosphor of the tube screen in unit TI-2.
Technical data on unit PN-12. 1. When projecting a square
(20 x 20 cm?) on a surface, the projection unit gives a barrel-shaped
distortion (with a positive distortion of 4.2%),
2. When looking at the screen of unit TI-2 through the semi-
transparent glass of the optical attachment,the brightness of the
yellow afterglow is reduced by not more than 40%.
' 3. The thickness of the focused optical lines is 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
4. The vertical alignment control for the diapositives permits
adjustment of both images on the screen of tbe tube in unit TI-2 by
at least *50 mm and fixing them in position with an accuracy of.t0.2
Optical diagram of the unit. An optical diagram of the unit is
givenlin Figure 123. ,)
' The light source passes through a condenser and illuminates two
diapositives of complementary colors (red and green). On the red
diapositive are transparent equal-altitude curves and a scale grid for
the following scales: a 200 azimuth representing 160 mm on the screen,
and a 180 km range representing 200 mm on the screen (from 120 to 300 km).
On the green diapositive are transparent equal-altitude curve's and a
scale grid for the following scales: a 4o0 azimuth representing 200 mm (p 303)
on the screen, and a 180 km range representing 200 mm on the screen
(from 20 to 200 km). Light passing through the transparent. curves of
one of the diapositives and through the second diapositive assumes the
color of the second diapositive.
The light rays then pass through a light filter, through an
objective lens, are reflected first by a mirror and then by a semi-
transparent glass, and finally are projected on the phosphor of the
screen of the tube in unit TI-2:- A-red or a green image_appears on the
screen depending on the color of the filter selected (by means of a knob).
Design and electrical diagram of the unit. .Unit PN-12 is attached
to the front panel of unit TI-2 by four screws.. Unit PN-12 may be tilted
away from the front panel of unit TI-2 to provide access to the tubes
of .the latter and the'front panel of the unit.
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1 - semitransparent
vertical direction;
5 - plug; 6 - knob
holes.
Fig. 121. Unit ?N-12 (Front View).
glass; 2 - handle for shifting optical scales in
3 - desicant holder; 4 - removable illuminating light;
for switching 20 and 40? scales; 7 - catch; 8 - seating
2,8
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Fig. 123. Optical Diagram of Unit PN-12.
1 - screen of unit TI-2; 2 - semitransparent glass; 3 - mirror; 4 -
objective lens; 5 - filter; 6 - diapositives;.7 - condensor; 8 - light
source.
Shl'
No.
Function
Goes to:
3
4.5 v
PN-12 trans.
4
4.5
PNtrans.
v
-12
1
scale star.
aU-2
2
_chassis
0
Fig. 124. Schematic Electrical Diagram of Unit PN-12.
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On the front panel of the unit are a removable illuminating bulb
holder and a holder for a desicant.
The opt).cal image on the screen of the cathode-ray tube in unit
TI-2 may be adjusted in a vertical direction by a handle on the left
panel of unit PN-12.
The filters are switched by means of & lever on the right panel of
the unit. Switching of the filters simultaneously switches a micro-
switch in unit LN-12 which closes a relay circuit for the elevation
sweep scale in unit RU-2.
On the top part of the front panel of the unit is mounted a
4-contact box to which are applied the power for the light source
and the voltage for the microswitch in the relay circuit'.
A schematic electrical diagram of the unit is given in Figure 124.
.14
4. Elevation Sweep Input Unit RU-1 (P 305)
Function. The elevation sweep input unit RU-1 (Figure 125) is
designed to produce a voltage proportional to the angle of rotation of
the antenna in a 40-degree sector and to produce a gate pulse voltage
for the tube during the direct trace of the vertical sweep. /
Technical data on the unit. 1. The linearity error of the outpUt
voltage does not exceed 0.5%.
2. During the increase in output voltage, the unit generates a
voltage which triggers signal amplifier VS-4.
Functional diagram of unit RU-1. Figure 126 gives a functional
diagram of unit RU-1. The unit includes the following elements:
1:1 selsyn transformer SS-405;
-- reduction gearing;
-- 6:1 selsyn transformer SS-405;
,
? voltage summing stage;
^ cathode follower;
-- controlled voltage rectifier of the Gelsyn transformer;
4.- differential amplifier; cathode follower for 1,500-cps voltage;
amplifier.
50X1 -HUM
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Fig. 125. Unit RU-1.
1 - elevation sweep linearity control; 2 - sector selector crank; 3 - fine
reading dial; 4 - illuminating bulb holder; 5 - coarse reading dial;
6 - plug cover; 7 - tubes in tube channel; 8 - label on door.
50X1 -HUM
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T" r . . ? r Mr"t"'"'""'"7"""r"1:""1""r"7:"""`""*""--
. ,
:signal level '
t: ?
from RU-2
Fig. 126. Functional Diagram of Unit RU-1.
1 - SS-405 selsyn transformer; 2 - reduction gearing; 3 - SS-405 selsyn
transformer; 4 - voltage summing stage; 5 -cathode follower; 6 - controlled
rectifier; 7 - differentiating amplifier; 8 -'-amplifier; 9 - cathode
follower.
It
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The voltage from the 1:1 and 6:1 selsyn transformers of the
secondary selsyn unit is fed to the selsyn transformers located in
unit RU-1. The voltage from the 6:1 selsyn transformer iS used in the
unit to lineFize the voltage envelope of the 1:1 selsyn transformer
in an interval of angles from r300 to +300, which is necessary to
achieve the desired accuracy.
The voltage of the 1:1 selsyn transformer with the added
(approximately 1%) voltage of'the-6:1 selsyn-transformer-is fed
through the cathode follower to the controlled rectifier. The 1,500-
cps control voltage is also sent to this rectifier through the cathode (p 308)
follower.
The output voltage of the controlled rectifier is approximately
equal to the amplitude of the input voltage and is linear in the
interval of angles from -30 to +300.
Voltage/from the controlled rectifier ia applied to the
differential amplifier of unit RU-2.
"'The sweep gating voltage is taken from cutput tube 6P3S of unit
RU-2 and is differentiated, amplified, and fed to video signal unit
VS-1s.
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 127
gives a schematic diagram of unit RU-1.
The three-phase 1,500-cps voltages of the 1:1 and 6:1 selsyns from
secondary selsyn unit VD-1 are taken from the plug connector of unit
RU-1 (pins 7, 8, 9, 18, 19, and 20) and applied to the three-phase
windings of the selsyn transformers.
The voltage from the single-phase winding of the 1:1 selsyn
transformer is added in opposition to a small part (approximately 1%)
of the voltage of the 6:1 selsyn transformer and fed through resistor
R7 to the grid of the cathode follower, which uses tube VI.
The cathode load 'of the cathode follower is connected to the -150v
bus. Choke Dr1 and mapacitor C2 are included in the screen grid
circuit of tube V1 to maintain the voltage at the screen grid relative
to the cathode, which is necessary for linear voltage transmission.
Voltage from the cathode load of tube V1 (resistors R10, R11, R12, and
R13) is applied to the controlled rectifier -- tube V3. A voltage at
a frequency of 1,500 cps from the tigher-frequency generator unit GCh
is sent to unit RU-1 to control this rectifier. This voltage is applied
to the grid of cathode follower V2b. The cathode load of this cathode (p 310)
follower is transformer Trl, from which a vo:itage is fed to the grids
of the controlled rectifier.
?1
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it
of Unit RU-1.
Schematic
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The rectified voltage taken from the output (capacitor C5) of the
rectifier, equal to the voltage envelope of the 1:1 selsyn transformer
and linearized in an interval of angles from i,-30? to +30 by the
voltage of 6i1 selsyn transformer, is applied to the grid of the
differential amplifier, in unit RU-2.
Voltage for the gating pulse is taken from the cathode of V3 in
unit RU-2 and applied to the gating circuit' 'of the tube ,In unit RU-1
(to the cathode oftithe left triode of V4). ,When the vo4tage at the
cathode of V4a increases, the voltage at the, grid also increases with
a certain lag as a result of the time constant of the grid circuit
(R25 and 07). An amplified voltage having the same sign as that at
,tt
the cathode is produced at the plate.
After differentiation of this voltage, a positive pulse is
produced in the grid circuit of V4b which triggers this triode (the
cathode of the tube is blocked). The plate of V4b is connected to
ground through resistor R27.
A negative voltage appears at the plate load of V4b as the
voltage at the cathode of V4a builds up.
Tube V2a 'serves as the output tube of the gating circuit. The .
main plate load of this tube is a resistor in, unit VS-4 to which the
gating pulse is sent. The potential at the cathode of V2a is on the
order of 80 - 100 v. The grid of this triode is connected through
resistor R28 to the plate of tube V4b. When tube V2a is conducting,
a current on the order of 5 ma flows through it.
As the voltage at the cathode of V4a builds up, a negative pulse
arrives at the grid of tube V2a and blocks, it. The current flowing
through the plate load of tube V2a, located in unit VS-1., is blocked,
and the input diode of unit VS-4 is unblocked.
When the voltage at the cathode of V4a decreases, the voltage at
the grid also decreases; since capacitor C7,discharges through the
grid-cathode circuit of V4a. The voltage a, the plate of V4a also
decreases. After differentiation of this v9ltage, a negative pulse
appears in the grid circuit of tube V4b and plocks the tube. As a
result, there will be a positive voltage at the grid of tube V2a and
this tube will conduct.
Constant gating of the tube, which is necessary when aligning the
display, may be turned on by means of switch Vi in unit RU-1; the
switch shorts the conductor coming from units VS-4 to ground.
Monitoring.the operation of the unit. Unit BU-1 is monitored with
.the aid of four test jacks:
????1?,.I.
(p
311)
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.G1 -- for monitoring the voltage of the 1:1 selsyn transformer at
the cathode of tube Vi;
G2-1 --/for monitoring the azimuth gating voltage at the plate of
triode V2a;
G2-2 -- for monitoring the 11500-cps voltage at the cathode of
triode V2b;
G3 -- for monitoring the operation of the controlled rectifier at
its output.
Desip of the unit. Unit RU-1 is built, in the form of a self-
contained instrument mounted on a standard chassis. In the tube
channel are four tubes (one 6Zh4 and three 6148s), four test jacks,
and the gating witch.
The selsyn transformers are mounted on a common frame representing
a complete unit and are enclosed in a silumin housing.
The selsyn transformer unit is attached to the inside of the front
panel. It contains two SS-405 selsyns whose shafts turn through a
reduction gear with a ratio of 6:1. Dials are fixed to the shafts of
both selsyns to denote the scanning sector which has been chosen in the
display.
The shaft of the 6:.1 selsyn extends through the front panel and
serves as the "Sector Selection" knob.
A corrective device is attached to the chassis of unit RU-1 behind
the selsyn transformer unit. This device consists of a variable-profile
template connected by a coupling to the shaft of the 1:1 selsyn
transformer. The desired profile of the template is selected and fixed
in position by means of 24 screws.
(p
When the selsyn transformer rotates, the template also rotates and
transmits motion to the shaft of potentiometer R4, which is connected
to the template by two levers. Thus, the arms of the variable voltage
divider (R4, R5, R6) move in accordance with the profile of the template.
The profile is fixed so that the elevation sweep scale does not change
with respect to the setting of the "Sector Selection" knob.
A light on the front panel of the unit serves to illuminate the dials.
The controlled rectifier and filament transformers are attached to
the chassis of the unit. Resistors and capacitors are attached to a
mounting plate. '
The unit weighs 10.35 kg.
50X1 -HUM
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5. Elevation Sweep Output Unit RU-2.
Function. The RU-2 elevation sweep output unit (Figure 128) is used
to supply the deflection coils of unit TI-2 in cabinet II11-1 with a cur-
rent which/changes in proportion to the output voltage received
from unit RU-1.
50X1-HUM
The unit provides for the presentation of two vertical sweep scales
(200 and 400) on the screen of the tube in unit TI-2.
In addition, the unit is used to change the control voltages in the
horizontal and vertical alignment tubes of,junit TI-2 and to generate a
current which supplies the switching relay for the vertical and slant
channels in unit VS-4.
Technical data on the unit. 1. Linearity error of the output
voltage at an angle of 350 does not exceed 0.5%.
2. Scale adjustment makes it possible, to control the current which
supplies the deflection system of unit TI-2 so that one scale on the
screen of the tube represents a 200 angle of rotation of the antenna
and the other scale represents a 4o0 angle:
1
3. The unit is used to change the control voltages of the horizontal
sweep alignment tube in unit TI-2 within lithits of 0 to 50 v and the
vertical sweep alignment tube within 30 to 70 v.
4. The "channel switching" control permits setting the angle at
which the channels are switched within limits of 0 to 109 according to
the optical scale of the display.
Functional diagram of the unit. Figure 129 gives, a functional
diagram of unit RU-2.
The following elements are included in unit RU-2:,
amplifier;
screen grid voltage rectifier; .
channel switch;
output stage;
vertical alignment circuit;
horizontal alignment circuit.;
circuit for changing the degree of linearization in unit
RU-1.
(p 314)
Li
The voltage from the controlled rectifier in unit RU-1 is amplified
in the differential amplifier of unit RU-21and is applied to the grid
of output V3. This tube generates a current which supplies the vertical (p 316)
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Fig. 128. Unit RU-2.
1 - label on door; 2 - tubes in tube channe143 channel-switching control;
4 - scale control; 5 - vertical alignment control; 6 - horizontal alignment
control; 7 - illuminating bulb holders; 8 - plug cover.
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frun -RU-1
cont. rec.
A..220 v
from UPT-1
s
"channel
switch"
S101,.. 20.
77o4
to VS-4
?channelswitch
RU-1
Azimuth sweep
W
aligrIV-
"hor.
No
zo?
vo?1
{,}
Fig. 129. Functional Diagram"of Unit RU-2.
1 - amplifiers; 2 - screen grid rectifiers; 3 - channel switch; 4 - output
stage; 5 - vertical alignment circuit; 6 - horizontal alignment circuit;
7 - circuit for changing value of linearization in unit RU-1 (vertical
sweep level).
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deflection coils of unit TI-2. The outputostese and the differential
amplifier have 100% feedback in order to achieve the desired linearity
of the output current.
Voltage from the cathode of output tube V3 is fed to unit RU-1 to
supply the gating circuit. This same voltage is used to supply the
amplifier which generates current for the channel-switching relay in
unit Irs-4.
The scales are switched by means of a'relay located in the unit.
The relay receives its energy from unit PN-12. Simultaneously with
switching the scales, the relay changes the value of the linearizing
voltage from the 6:1 selsyn in unit RU-1 as well as the vertical and
horizontal shifts. This adjustment of the, scales and the vertical and
horizontal sweep alignments serves to match -the electrical dial with
the optical dial in cabinet IIV-1.
Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 130 gives
d schematic diagram of unit RU-2.
The controlled rectifier output voltage from unit RU-1 passes
through filter R9, Cl and resistor R10 to the grid of the differential
amplifier V2a.
The differential amplifier uses tube.V2. Voltage from the output
of the amplifer moves through divider R15?,R16 to the grid of the eleva-
tion sweep output tube V3, the plate load of which are the vertical
deflection coils in unit TI-2.
The cathode circuit of V3 contains resistors R27 and R30 used to
control the sweep scales.
In order to:compensate for nonlinearity of the characteristic of
tube V3, a feedback voltage is taken from-Its cathode and applied to
the left half of the differential amplifier tube V2, while the screen
grid of V3 is supplied from a separate rectifier. The screen voltage
is stabilized by means of voltage stabilizer 174.
The sweep scales are switched by changing the cathode resistances
of output tube V3. The operating sector of the sinusoicinl voltage
envelope of the. 1:1 selsyn transformer is selected from 0 to 400 for
the 40? scale and from +2.50 to +22.50 for the 20? scale relative
to the electrical zero point of the 1:1 selsyn (or from -50 through
00 to -325? for the 40? scale and from -2.5? through 00 to 342.5? for
the 200 scale relative to the zero on the scale of the 1:1 selsyn).
When the scales are switched it is necessary that the vertical
alignment of the beam in the display be Changed-. For this purpose,
the grid potential of vertical alignment tube V3 in unit TI-2 is
fnrimpa in unit RU-2 by notentiometers YrR'R (400 scsle) and Mil. (200
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(p 318)
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Various range see-tors are examined at. different elevation scales.
? Therefore, when the scales are switched it is also necessary to change
the horizontal alignment of the beam in the display at the sometime. This is
done by supplying voltage to the'grids of the horizontal alignment tubes
(V1 and V20 of unit TI-2 from potentiometers R35 (400 scale) and R36
(200 scale), located in unit RU-2 and witched simultaneously when the
elevation scales are switched.
The channel-switching circuit operates with tube V1, to the plate
circuit of which is connected the winding of the relay located in unit
vs-4.
The control grid of tube V1 is connected through resistor R8 to the
cathode of output tube V3. The moment that tube V1 fires is determined
by the bias applied to its control grid from dividers R24 (40? scale)
and R26 (200 scale).
When the 20? scale is used, only the following controls are illumi-
nated: "200 Scale," "20? Vertical Alignment," "20? Horizontal Alignment,"
"200 Channel Switch."
When the 400 scale is used, the fol1OWIng controls are illuminated:
"11.o? Scale," "10? Vertical Alignment," "40? Horizontal Alignment," "400
Channel Switch."
Relay R1, which is controlled from unit PN-12, is used in switching
all of the above controls.
Voltage from the cathode of output tube V3 is applied. to the tube
gating circuit in unit RU-1.
Monitoring the operation of the unit.l, Unit RU-2 is monitored. with
the aid of two test jacks:
G1 -- for monitoring the current in tube Vi;
G3 -- for monitoring the output voltage at the cathode of tube
V3.
Design of the unit. Unit RU-2 is built in the form of a self-
contained instrument mounted on a standard chassis. On the front panel
of the unit are the shafts of 8 potentiometers and four illuminating
bulbs.
The tube compartment of the unit contains four tubes (6P91 6N8S,
6P3S, and sG4s) and two test jacks.
Two transformers are located on the chassis of the unit.
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Small components (resistors and capacitors) are attached to a
mounting plate within the unit.
The uLt has one plug connector.
Weight of the unit is 7.2 kg.
6
6. Video Signal Unit VS-4.
Function. The video signal unit VS-4.(Figure 131) mixes and
amplifies the scale marker pulses and reflected signals in one channel
and applies them to the grid of the cathode-ray tube.
?
Technical data on the unit. The magnitude of the output signal of
the unit may be controlled within limits of 0 to 70 V. The passband of
the unit is 1.5 Mc. The unit provides for switching between the slant
and vertical channels.
Functional diagram of the unit. Figure 132 gives a functional .
diagram of unit
The unit consists of the following elements:
input dividers;
? wideband amplifier;
- output stage;
- control tube;
relay RS-52.
Reflected signals from the vertical and slant channels and range and
azimuth scale markers are applied to the iput of the 'unit.
At the input of each channel is a switch. When the witch is
closed; all signals pass to the input dividers, are mixed in one common
channel, and are applied to the wideband amplifier. The amplifier con-
sists of two amplification stages.
Common gain control is provided in the first stage of the amplifier.
A gain control for the scale markers makes it possible to change
the amplitude of the scale markers relative to the video signals.
A limit control in the second amplification stage is used to pre-
vent defocusing Of the signals on the screen of unit TI-2 when signals
of large amplitude appear at the input of unit VS-4.'
The output stage of. the unit is a cathode follower. Range and
azimuth gating pulses are applied to unit VS-4 to trigger the circuit.
If gating pulses are not present, signals do not pass to the input -
of the amplifier.
(p 321)
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8
Fig. 131. Unit VS-4.
1 - plug cover; 2 - common gain control; 3 - scale marker gain control;
4 - toggle switch for 10-km markers; 5 - toggle switch for 50- and 100-km
markers; 6 - azimuth marker toggle switch; 7 - reserve toggle switch;
8 - illuminating bulb holder; 9 - reserve toggle switch; 10 - toggle switch
for vertical channel signals; 11 - toggle switch for slant channel signals;
12 - limit control; 13 - tubes in tube channel; 14 - label on door.
50X1-HUM
23g
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Fig. 132. Functional Diagram of Unit VS-4.
1 - input dividers; 2 - wideband amplifier; 3 - output stage; 4 - control
tube; 5 - relay .RS-52.
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Description of the schematic diagram of the unit. Figure 133 gives
a schematic diagram of.unit VS-4.
The circuit of the unit receives the following signals:
,-- signals of the vertical channel;
-- signals of the slant channel;
-- 10-1m range markers;
-- 50- and 100-km markers;
-- azimuth markers.
All of the above signals pass to the input dividers in the same
manner as in unit VS-3.. Refelcted signals from the vertical and slant
channels are fed, to relay RS-52 which alternately applies vertical and
slant signalstothe grid of the amplifier tube.
The relay coil is controlled by the elevation sweep circuit in unit
RU-2.
The circuitry of unit VS-4 is identical to that of unit VS- 3 with
the exception of the input circuits. The circuit contains the follow-
ing controls:
-- seven single-pole switches for individunlly switching any:of
the channels on or off;
-- common gain control;
. -- scale marker gain control;
-- limit control.
Design of the unit. Unit VS-4 is built in the form of a self-
contained instrument mounted on a standard chassis. The tube channel
contains four tubes (one 6Zh4, two 6P9, one 61'i8S) and four test jacks.
All controls are on the front panel. The Unit has two plug connectors.
Weight of the unit is .6 kg.
?
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(P 325:
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-
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CHAPTER SIX
AZIMUTH-RANGE INDICATOR MD-1
1. General Information About The Operation of Indicator
The azimuth-range indicator IAD-1 (Figure 134) is designed for
exact determination of the target coordinates in an arbitrarily chosen
sector. The indicator }.ghest resolution, regardless of
image focusing. A. sector of the observed space is displayed on the
indicator screen. Precise target coordinates are obtained by means of
an enlarged sweep scale and by applying 2-1m range markers and 1-degree
-azimuth markersto.the indicator.
The azimuth-range indicator, like the IKID-1 andlIV-1, is an oscillo-
scopic device with horizontal and vertical sweep and an intensitY-modulated
signal.
The sector selected for scanning is displayed on the screen of the
cathode-ray tube. The horizontal sweep isProportional to the azimuth
scale, the vertical-- to the range scale. The circuits of the hori-
zontal sweep are supplied with voltage from the synchronous.tracking.sys-
temwhichtransmitsthe turn angle of the antenna. The range and azimuth
sweep voltages act on_the .deflecting system of the cathode-ray tube.
The voltages of the. reflected signals and the range and azimuth scale
.markers influence the control electrode of the cathode-ray tube in the
'same manner as in IK0-1.
The reflected signals appear on the screen in the form of horizontal
dashes, the range scale markers appear in the form of horizontal lines
which correspond to fixed ranges,and the azimuth scale markers -- in the
form of a number of vertical lines corresponding to the fixed angles of
turn of the antenna systeM (Figure 135).
Technical data. 1. Display of the target is by an intensity spot
signal on the screen of the cathode-ray tube.
2. Sweeps are horizontal (azimuth) and vertical (range).
3. The operating mode of the cabinet is. scanning an arbitrarily
selected sector covering 200 or 600 in azimuth.
4. The range scales are 30, 50, and ibo km.
5. Delay, of the start of the sweep may be adjusted from 40 to 350
km in steps of 10 km.
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Fig. 134. Cabinet-IAD-1.
1 - unit BP-300; 2 - unit UPT -1; 3 - unit BP-200; 4 - unit RD; 5 - unit
TI-3; 6 - unit ZR-3; 7 - connector panel; 8 - unit RA; 9 - unit VS-3;
10 - unit BP-7; 11 - unit BP-150.
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Fig. 135. Image of Electrical'Scale Grid on the
.Screen of the Azimuth-Range Indicator.
a - 100-km range scale, azimuth 600; b 80-km range scale, azimuth 20?.
0
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6. The exact coordinates of targetS' are determined from the posi-
tion of the reflected signal marks relative to the range and azimuth
electrical. scale marker grid:"
7. Separate or simultaneous observatjon of the following are
possible: range scale markers (10,50, 100 km) and azimuth scale markers
(50 and 300); 2-km and one-degree scale markers which form the scale
marker grid; reflected Signals from the vertical and slant channels.
'.3
Make-up of cabinet IAD-1. The azimuth-range indicator is housed
in a stanas_rd cabinet and consists of the following units:
-
-
4011.11M
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indicator tube TI-3;
sweep delay unit ZR-3;
range sweep unit RD;
9
video signal unit VS-3;
azimuth sweep unit RA;
+300 volt power supply unit BP-300;
+200 volt power supply unit BP-200;
-150 volt power supply unit BP-150;
+7.1 kv power supply unit BP-7.
Units TI-3-and UFT-1 are centralized., , In the left compartments
are mounted the following units (from top to bottom): ZR-3, RD, BP-200
and BP-300. In the right compartments are units RA, VS-3, BP-7, and BP-
150.
A wiring diagram of cabinet IAD-1 is Shown in Figure 136.
As can be seen from the diagram, almost all the units in cabinet
IAD-awe or general use except units RA and TI-3. Unit RA forms hori-
zontal-sweep voltages for the indicator,sndUnit TI-3 serves the same
tpurpose as unit TI-2 in cabinet IIV-1. All-the circuits of cabinet IAD-1
are the same as those in IND-1 and UV* 0
The circuits which form the vertical sweep and the video signal
circuit are the same as in IRD-1, and the circuits which form the angle
sweep and blanking pulses arethe.same as in IIV-1. A description of'
the general use units is found in the appropriate chapters. Units
ZR-3, RD, and VS-3 are described in chapter three, sections 3, 4, and
5.i
All the units in the azimuth-range indicator receive Voltage from
units BP-300, BP-200, BP-150, and BP-7. ,
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