RADIO TRANSMITTING TELEGRAPHIC CENTER IN GARA KOSTINBROD, BULGARIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A026801850001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 3, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 15, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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V
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T- I -A-
COUNTRY
Bu lgar i.a
REPORT
SUBJECT
Radio Transmitting Telegraphic
DATE DISTR.
15 August
Center in Gara Kostinbrod,
Bulgaria
NO. PAGES
17
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
THIS IS UNIFVALLIATED
INFORMATION.
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196s
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SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE.
APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
5
4
3
2
1
?7-707-1P--F----I?D-Lar-
STATE # IX I ARMY # I X I NAVY # I X I AIR # I X I NSA # I
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
GROUP 1
EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC
DOWNGRADING AND
DECLASSIFICATION
AID50X1-HUM
USIA x
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
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C 0 N F-I D E N-T I A L
REPORT
COUNTRY Bulgaria
SUBJECT
DATE DISTR. 7 August 19
?
Radio Transmitting Telegraphic NO. OF PAGES 16
Center in Gara Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
REFERENCES: 50X1-HUM
DATE OF INFORMATION :
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
50X1-HUM
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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1. Location.
The Radio Transmitting Telegraphic Center (RadioTredavatelen
Telegrafen Tsentur) was about 20 kilometers northwest of
Sofia, near the railroad station in Giro_ KostinbrOd. The
radio transmitting center covered a flat area, about 900 x
400 meters in size, and was immediately north of the Belitsa
River and southwest of the Sofia-Belgrade Railroad.
2. Description.
-
50X1 -HUM
See Attachments A,B, and C for 'sketches of the: installa-
tion and two floors of the station's main operationgl (stadtd)
building.
3. Jurisdiction.
The radio station was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry
of Transport and Communications, and i.t was not an independent
unit. Its functions were controlled and directedby the Con-
trol Center,1 which was in .a 3- to 4-'story building at 101
Boulevard Georgi Dimitrov, Sofia.
4. .Functions.
The Radio Transmitting Telegraphic Center, Gara'Kdstinbrod,
was one of the principal international radio-telegraph trans-
mitting and jamming stations in Bulgaria. In June 1962 the
station participated in the following activities:
a. Short-wave telegraphic broadcasts sponsored by Bulgarian
officials as follows:
(1) Bulgarian News Agency (BTA).
(2) Meteorological service programs.
(3) Official announcements of Bulgarian government.
(4) Telegraphic communications, mainly to EaStern Bloc
countries.
(5) Teletype communications between Sofia and Moscow.
b. Short-wave propaganda programs broadcast in Bulgarian,
English, French, German, Spanish, and Arabic to Western
Europe, Africa, Middle East, North and South:America,
and Cuba since early 1962.
c. Short-wave Soviet propaganda broadcasts, were',retrans,
mitted in English, German, French; Arabic and'Armenian.
The broadcasts originated in Moscdw and were ,transmitted
to Bulgaria on a daily basis.
d. Jamming of Western VOA, RFE, BBC, Rome, and Vatican radio
broadcasts.
e. Jamming of Western radio broadcasts beamed against the
Soviet Union.
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5. Administrative Setup of the Installation.
The radio station had the following sections:
a. Operational Section (Operativna, Sektsiya) was:technically
responsible for the broadcasts and jamming functions of
the radio station. It occupied the two floors'and.base-
ment of the main studio building.
b. Maintenance Section (Remontna Sektsiya) serviced all broad-
casting equipment and instruments, construction or modifi-
cation work and tested equipment. The section occupied
part of the one-story maintenance building. Its laboratory
was on the ground floor of the studio building.
c. Antenna Section (Antenna Sektsiya)responsib1e for
maintenance .on various types of antennas at the installa-
tion and building of new ones. The work shop of thesec-
tion occupied a part of the maintenance building.
d. Administrative Section (Administrativna Sektsiya) handled
the administrative business of the installation. Its of-
fices occupied the entire one-story administrative office
building.
6. Personnel.
50X1-HUM
In June 1962 the radio station had about 100 employees, all
of whom were Bulgarian nationals and citizens.
a. Executive Personnel:
(1) Yordan Grigorov Popov, direct();
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(2) Ivan Gavrailov, deputy-director and chief enginee/50X1-HUM
b. Operational Section:
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Dimitur Kraivanov, senior engineer and chief of the sec-
tion
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50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
The erational Section had four brigades or shifts,
also called exploitation brigades (Eksplotatsionni
Brigadi). Each brigade identified alphabetically as
brigade a,b,c, or d, had about 11 employees that in-
cluded one engineer, four to five senior technicians,
one dispatcher, and the remainder sound operators
(zvukooperatori). Because of a shortage of trained per-
sonnel, transfers, and various other circumstances, the
strength of the brigades usually numbered eight to ten
employees.
(1) Personnel of brigade a:
Diko Paounov, engineer
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Khristo Nikitov, senior technician
Slaveyko Mladenov, senior technician
Lina Nikolova, senior technician and dispatche 59X1 -HUM
Tudor VUshev, ;senior technician ?and jamming operator,
Stefan Stoev senior technician
Lilyana Yankova
sound and jamming operator
Elena.Spasova sound operator
Tsvetanka Puncheva .sound operator
Maria Raychinova sound operator
50X1-HUM
t4.4
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(2) Personnel of brigade bY
(3)
Svilen Peyev, brigade engineer
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Khristo Shaliev, senior technician
.Nikola:Donchev senior technician
.Zlatka Kolarova
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Rumen Borisov senigr technicia.n?and,,?lanuni,ng operator,
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Ivan Boyanov, employment functions
unknown.
Khristo Vetovski, employment functions
unknown
Mikhalcho Manolchev, employment functions
unknown.
Angelina Manolcheva, sound operator, wife
Manolchev mentioned above.
Natallya,genchevaTsound operator and laTInkng operator,
wife of
brigade c. 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
of
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Pencho Penchev, brigade engineer of
Personnel of brigade c:
Pencho Penchev, brigade engineer
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Georgi Eftimov, senior technician
Todar (lnu) nickname Fedya senior technician
Eksena Milusheva, seniOr technician and mainly jamming
operator,. 50X1-HUM
Tsanka Ko lova, senior teohnIclan,and jaTming oRgratora
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Yordanka Karaivanova, sound operator, wife of the cniei
of the operations section, Dimitur Karaivanov.
Slavka Eftimova, employment functions unknown, wife of
Georgi'Eftimov mentioned above.
Stanka Nikolova, employment functions unknown.
Tsvetanka Nikitova, sound operator, wife of Khristo
Niuitov, senior technician of brigade a.
Verka Nenova, employment functions unknown.
(4) Personnel of brigade d:
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Milush Petrov 1413.ish-e.v,..cbr-i-gade-engi-neer and technical
supervisor of the station's janming operations,
Kiril Georgiev Ivanov, senior technician
Iohan Laushman, senior technician
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C ONFIDENTIAL 50X1-HUM
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Tudor Dimitrov, senior technician,
victions unknown.
Snezhana Laushman, ?jamming op,erator
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political enn-
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wife of Iohan Laushman
flro-rrari5 (I nu) 1
mentioned above.
employment functinns
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,Slavka (1n0) sound operator
Aleksander Vlasev, employment functions u
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nowu,
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Nadka (mu), sound operator
Stoyan (lnp), newly employed technician
Veneta s:taJmemal,..Agplor te,014Ap4_4p axiq
Her
was formerly employed
, 'OpErdt-or
hirgbNila, Tsenko Stanoev
at the radio statio0
50X1-HUM
c. Maintenance Section:
The Maintenance Section had three sub-sections:
laboratory brigade, maintenance brigade, and brigade
of high-voltage technicians. Chief of the maintenance
section was Ivan Kolardiv 50X1-HUM
The radio,
station did not allow the employees to hold other jobs
but Kolarov repaired radio and television sets in his
?free time. His wife, Zlatka Kolarova, nee Manasieva,
50X1-HUM
,(l) The laboratory brigade conducted experiments
and tested technical equipment and instruments.
The brigade had two engineers and two specialj7pd
technicians, names unknown. Despotov (fnu), 50X1-HUM
was head of the section.
Despotov was also in charge of the maintenance bri-
gade.
(2) The maintenance brigade was primarily responsible
for good working order of radio transmitting equip-
ment and for modifications in radio transmitting
instruments. The brigade had a radio engineer and
six to eight specialized technicians.
50X1-HUM
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Venkov (fnu), who was
had also completed an
capable engineer.
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50X1-HUM
a graduate radio engineer and
electronics course, was a very
He
requested a transfer to the Scientific Research
Institute in Sofia. but was retained in his present
job Petur Minkov, senior
technician Dimitur
Tsekov, senior technician 50X1-HUM
Grigor Borisov technician,
(3) The high-voltage technicians brigade was responsible
for the electrical power supply and equipment of the
entire installation. The brigade had five or si]50X1-HUM
senior and junior technicians
50X1-HUM
Vasil Miladiuov, senior technician supervisor of the
brigade
Dimitur Lazarov, senior technician
Dimitrinka Pancheva, junior technician
Elena Dundarova. iunior technician
d. Antenna Section: 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
The antenna section had 12 employees, including specialized
technicians, electricians, and carpenters
The section was headed by Vasilev (fnu), electrical
or ra io engineer
e. Administrative Section:
50X1-HUM
The section had about 15 employees, includina
a personnel officer, secretaries, finance and supply 50X1-HUM
officers, drivers, cleaning personnel, and firemen
Slave Gerov, supply officer
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Efrosina Bokeva, cleaning woman
Boyancho Kostsv, fireman
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7. Security System of the Installation.
The entire compound area was surrounded by a barbed-wire
fence, about 2 meters high, and supported by concrete
posts. The guarding of the installation was performed by
a small militia detachment of eight militia soldiers and
a sergeant-in-charge. The militia detachment was under
the jurisdiction of the Chief of Militia of the Ministry
of Transport and Communications, and was'Itisted,andiAmspected
by him only periodically. The majority of the guards were
married and resided with their familieg in the radio str
tion's residential block. The guards had five to six 50X1-HUM
nnlirp dcws
With the exception of the immediate area
around the main operational buildings, the compound was 50X1-HUM
not too well lighted at night.
All employees at
the radio station had passes, which were shown upon entering
and leaving the compound at the main and secondary gates.
.However, checks Imre made on an irregular basis. Lack of
security was particularly evident when employees who resided
in Sofia or other surrounding areas were transported by-spe-
cial buses provided by the installation.
the guards never boarded
the buses to check the passes and simply waved the bus 07.-ir
on.- 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
8. Transmitters.
In June 1962 the radio station had 14 radio transmitters;
the majority commercial surplus equipment from World War II.
Nine of the transmitters were of Soviet manufacture, two
Italian, one American, and two Bulgarian. The two Bulgarian
transmitters were copies of American transmitters. All 14
transmitters were installed on the first and second floors
of the operational studio building as follows:
a. Transmitter Nos 1,2,3, and 4 werei SovietmanUfaCtured,
short-wave trAil8mitter::They.weteidntifiect:AN
4ype,::,eaCh:df 50.,:kilqwattp9yer and-used:,extlugfvely
Yforketraff?iiiiitAgt8ovietilrOadcastS:dh*EfigIish, German,
Arabi-, .and Armenian lAnguagestWhen hot:re-.
transmitting-Soviet broadcasts, the transmitters,
equipped with directional antannas??were._used_toAam
Western broadcasts beamed _against USSR. When in use
for retransmission-P-LBdiraidaSts against the
:West, all four of the transmitters were beamed at the
combined power of 200 kilowatts by means of two feeders
and two Soviet-manufactured directional antennas. The
retransmission anciampingactivities of_thefour trans-
mitters were_gpOerned by :trime:WIretiiiency. tables issued
by the control 'egfireic-in Sofia, The, four-transmitters
were dcian-d-BY-the Soviet Union in 1956 and installed
by Soviet technicians. The transmitters proved to be
very efficient, easy to operate, and with minimum de-
viation from their basic design and purpose. In addition
ikt-isi ?
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to broadcasting they could also be used for telegraphic
communications. 50X1-HUM
they were equipped with GU-80, GU-10A, and
GU-22A tubes of Soviet manufacture.
b. Transmitters No. 5 and 6 were of Soviet manufacture,
SNEG types, each 50-kilowatt, short-wave transmitters,
which were in use exclusively for broadcast of Bulgarian
announcements in English, German, French, Italian,
Spanish, Greek, Turkish, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian,
and Arabic languages. by way of directional and dipole
antennas. the two transmitters 50X1-HUM
broadcast in the areas of the following frequencies: 7255 KHz,
7855 KHz, 6170 KHz; 6070 KHz; 9635 KHz; 9700 KHz; -m
11850 KHz; and 15350 KHz.
c. Transmitter No. 7 was a Soviet-manufactured transmitter, (
KB 15/25, which was used almost exclusively for tel-
graphic communications with Paris on the FM band Buenos
?Aires (AM), Cuba (AM), and Peking (FM) by wky?Cif direc-
tional antennasin the area of 4000 to 21830 1KHz. The
transmitter was'in reserve for emergency broadcasts.
When operating oniplepgraph, the transmitter functioned on
its full power of 25 kilowatts. When broadcasting it
functioned on 15 kilowatt power. The transmitter was
equipped with a system for automatic switching from one
antennato another. In June 1962 the transmitter was in
the process of being rebuilt and improved for greater
power. . hthe re- 50X1-HUM
built transmitter would be using Soviet GU-22A tubes
instead of the original GU-10A tubes.
d.
Transmitter No 80was a Bulgarian transmitter, a copy
of the American naval-type transmitter No. 12 described
below. It was used exclusively for transmiSsion of
meteorological service emissions every three hours and
only in the area of 5835 KHz by way of a single round
antenna. 50X1-HUM
it was nor more than
five kilowatts. The water-cooled transmitter used GU 5D
tubes. It was old and was to be replaced with a new
Soviet-5KW (KB-5) air-cooled transmitter.
e. Transmitter No. 9 was a Soviet-manufactured KB-5, air-
cooled transmitter, which was purchased during late
1960 and installed during January 1961. It was used
for telegraphic communications with Paris on FM by way
of one directional antenna, and transmitted twice a.day
for the Bulgarian News Agency (BTA), and retransmission
of the meteorological service emissions on FM. The
transmitter could operate on AM. It was using 12 GU 5B
tubes.
. Transmitter No. 10 was an Italian-manufactured Magnetti
Marelli transmitter which was_use4,..,ouly.tor....jamming,Western
broadcasts beamed agaansIwBulgar,ia._ Originally its power
50X1-HUM
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g.
h.
_
10 -
was one kilowat%rwhich later was increased slightly to.
an unspecified capacity. It was a medium-wave, water-.
cooled transmitter, operated on dipole antenna. The
transmitter was regulated by telephone from the, Control
_Center in Sofia. It operated every day on 791 .KHz from
2030 to 2100 hours and on 1260 KHz from 2130 to 2200
hours. Its identification Morse signal was D-7..It
.single dipole antenna was supportedThy two 95.-meter50X1-HUM
Vinkel masts,
the transmitter operated simultaneously with two other
transmitters of the dOntrol center in Sofia to jam the
Sofia area. ?The transmitter was old, unstable and
difficult to operate. 50X1-HUM
Transmitter No. 11 was
used strictly for telegraphic communi-
cations with central and Western European countries. 50X1-HUM
Originally its power was only a half of kilowatt, which
later was increased to an unspecified power capacit350X1-HUM
The short-wave, air-cooled transmitter, operated on AM
and FM through round and rhombic antennas. mostly in the
areas of 8055, 109151 and 10315 KHz.
the transmitter was in regular communication with Prague,
by way of rhombic antenna. The transmitter used GU5B
Soviet tubes. It was very old, unstable, difficult for
operational setting, and was to be replaced With a Soviet
KB5 transmitter.
Transmitter No. 12 was originally a U.S. Navy short-wave,
-water-cooled transmitter, which was used only for tele-
graphic communications,. both AM and FM. It was partially
responsible for emissions of transmitter No. 7 to Paris,
Buenos Aires, and Peking, and in the event of .?real-
down the emissions of transmitter No. 14, to Centra15?X1 -HUM
Europe, by way of directional antennas.
the small quantity of the American reserve part
the transmitter were in boxes labelled US Army.- . Th650X1-HUM
transmitter was remodelled by Bulgarian technicians and
operated with_Soviet CU-10A tubes, and amplifier. The
transmitter had a wide tuning range, quick operational
setting, and generally easy to handle. The tuning range
was from 4200 KHz to 21830 KHz, however, most successfull
from 10000 KHz to 21830 KHz,
50X1-HUM
Transmitter No. 13 was a Soviet-manufacturedc_KB-5_((V-5)
aig=Lapaga_Ixansm-itter. It operated on a diii5-17-FETenna.
It was usad-primarlaT,for-jammlng,radio,broadcasts?of_BBC4
VOA, RFE, and the Vatican in the sectors of 251 31, 41,
and 49 meter bands. The identifying Morse signal
The jamming activities of the transmitter were 'directed from
the Control Center in Sofia. The transmittel-was occasion-
ally used for telegraphic communications with Paris, Berlin,
and Prague, but only on occasions when no other transmitter
for such purposes was available.
.kk4,7
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bUX1-1-IUIV1
? Transmitter No. 14 was a Bulgarian7manufactured trans-
mitter, built in accordance with the specifications of
the American military-type transmitter No. 12, described
above. It was low-powered, old, unstable, and was
scheduled to be replaced during 1962 by a new KV-5
Soviet transmitter. The transmitter was used for tele-
graph communications to areas unknown in the50X1-HUM
sector of 1095 KHz, daily from 0750 to 0100 hours by
way of angle antenna. The transmitter was equipped
with unspecified tubes of Hungarian manufacture.
9 Antennas. 50X1-HUM
there were at least 22 antenna units throughout the
radio center's compound as follows:
a. Eight Soviet-manufactured, VGDSH directional antennas.
b. Six dipole antennas.
c. Six double-rhotbOid antennas.
d. One angle antenna.
antennas
were
to be replaced with
50X1-HUM
all of the thomboid50X1-HUM
Soviet VGDSH antennas
All Western bro50X1-HUM
casts to Bulgaria were jammed by way of xlipole antennas, while
those beamed against USSR were jammed through the use of the
Soviet VGDSH antennas. There were no reflector-tyhe antennas
at the radio station.
the following type of antenna masts installed at
the radio station:
50X1-HUM
a. Two angle-iron, lattice-type towers, each 95-meters high,
painted silver.
b. Twelve iron-pipe lattice-type towers, painted with yellow
and black sections. Four of the towers were 112 meters
high, and the remaining eight were 75 meters high.
c. Eight wooden-mast installations, each with 40-to 60-
meter wooden masts, holding the double-rhomboid antennas.
d. One vertical metal mast, height unknown, supporting two
lines of angle-type antenna.
10. Power Supply.
The radio station received its electrical power alternately
from a sub-station of the Orion thermo-electrical power sta-
tion in the northwest suburb of Sofia and from the Kurilo
electrical power station in Kurilo, about 20 kms horth of
Sofia. We power lines leading from the two power stations
entered the southern side of the radio station's compound.
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50X1-HUM
The radio station received additional power during, emergencies
from a diesel unit. It was installed on
the ground floor of the station's administration bUilding.
the auxiliary
power unit could provide sufficient power for operating only
two radio transmitters. 50X1-HUM
11. Automatic Devices and Special Equipment.
50X1-HUM
The radio station had at its disposal various deviOes and
measuring equipment.
a. Two-Soviet-manufactured KIS, oscillOscopes.
b. Two Soviet, one Hungarian, one American (General Electric)
wave-length calibrating machines.
c. Three Soviet-manufactured voltmeters.
? d. Three Soviet-manufactured, type ABO, unspecified measuring
devices.
? e. Several ohmmeters of unspecified manufacture.
f. Two Soviet-manufactured, KROT, radio receivers, ? one in
operation and one in reserve.
g. Three Czechoslovak-Lambda radio receivers.
h. One Bulgarian-Voroshilov, radio receiver.
12. Monitoring Facilities.
50X1-HUM
The Gara Kostinbrod Radio Center had no monitoring facilities
associated with the jamming operations of the installation.
All broadcast and jamming actlxities,were regularly monitored
by special crews at t1e_control-Zenter-1-m?Sotla.
1.
Comment. the Control Center was
known and always referred to by the Bulgarian abbrevia-
tion KKTs.
50X1-HUM
*or 44'4
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50X1 -HUM
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