BOOKLET ENTITLED, "INSTITUTE OF WATER ECONOMY AND HYDRAULICS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF UZBEK, SSR"

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A025500400001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 22, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 17, 1964
• Content Type: REPORT

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AND
HYDRAULICS
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OF THE UZBEK SSR
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ACADEMY' OF rSCIENCE OF THE UzSSR
INSTITUTE OF WATER ECONOMY AND HYDRAULICS
THE INSTITUTE
OF WATER ECONOMY
AND HYDRAULICS OF THE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
OF THE UZBEK SSR
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF THE UzSSR
TASHKENT 1961
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Fig. 1. The Institute of Water Economy and 'Hydraulics of the Academy of
Science of the Uzbek SSR.
The Institute was founded in 1925 under the name of the
Central Asian Scientific Research Irrigation Institute to provi-
de the irrigation engineering of Central Asia with tasks for
the experimental part of the research work.
The scope of the scientific research work in water econo-
my was greatly enlarged after the Academy of Science in
Uzbekistan was established in 1943. At present the work of
the Institute involves all the problems dealing with the study
?and utilization of water resources, construction and maintenan-
ce of water diversion works, hydraulic structures, irrigation
and drainage systems.
The Institute serves all the water organizations and at the
same time carries out theoretical and experimental work in all
branches of hydraulics and reclamation.
The Institute is composed of the following departments and
laboratories:
L-'1. Department. of Hydrology and Water Resources,
L/2. Department of Complex Problems and Water Power En-
gineering,
?-3. Irrigation and Reclamation Department,
L/ 4. River Beds Department,
Laboratory of Intake Structures,
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L7- 6. Laboratory oi Structure Hydraulics,
L../- 7. Experimental Wave Action Laboratory,
8. Soil Science and Soil Mechanics Laboratory,
,\/? 9. Department of Hydraulic ?Structures and Seepage Flow,.
z10. Laboratory of Building Materials,
Mechanization .Department,
--12. Laboratory of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Struc-
tures,
.\.713. Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery,
1_714. Laboratory of Water Gauge Sets.
Fig. 2. A Plan of the Institute:
? main building; 2 ? the Laboratory of Intake Structures; 3 ? Experimental Wave Ac,
tion Laboratory; 4 ?Laboratory of Buildinz Materials, Soil Mechanics, Analytical and
others; 5? Experimental Mechanical Work-Shop of precision Instruments; 6 ? Laboratory
Water Gauge Sets; 7? Laboratory of Prefabricated Structures; 8 ? Calibrating Station; 9?
Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery; 10? Pumping Station; 11 ? Laboratory of River Beds:
12?Laboratory of Soil Science, Seepage Flow and other departments; 13 ?Building of the
Laboratory of Hydraulics and Hydromechanics now being designed; 14 ? Experimental
Models.
*793
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PROBLEMS THE INSTITUTE IS SOLVING AND THE IMPORTANT
RESULTS ACHIEVED
Problem 1. Scientific principles underlying the complex
utilization of water resources in Uzbekistan
The Department of Hydrology and Water Resources car-
ries out research work on the problems of water resources
and flow formation, it studies the river flow regimes, works
out the methods for hydrological estimations and solves ques-
tions of water balance of irrigated areas.
On the basis of the studies of the Central Asian rivers
flow and observing their regime fluctuations the rules for flow
control are derived and the main characteristics established.
This brought about the further development of methods for
approximate determination of river flow characteristics for the
-unexplored regions of Central Asia.
The role of various sources of river water supply is made
clear and it was ascertained that it is not glacier but snow
that plays the leading part.
The research work is going on the problem of .water los-
ses from the water table of reservoirs on the territory of
Uzbekistan. The estimation of the Sir-Darya river water ba-
lance is drawn up on the section just above the Chardar
Reservoir for further necessary construction of water power
.and irrigation works.
Water power cadastre of the rivers of Uzbekistan and sur-
rounding regions is being completed.
The Department of Complex Problems and Water Po-
wer Engineering works on the questions of complex utiliza-
tion of surface and underground water resources in the nati-
onal economy of Uzbekistan (in the first place for irrigation
needs, water supply and water power), bringing out the ba-
sic points and methods for drawing up schemes for complex
utilization of the Central Asian rivers and dealing also with
.control and regulation problems of river flow along with water
power estimations.
This Department derived a method for drawing up schemes
for the purpose of pump irrigationw ith complex utilization of
water resources.
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In accordance with the newly obtained experimental data
a plan-scheme for the development of irrigation along the-
mean flow of the Amu-Darya river is in preparation; in the
valleys of the Zeravshan and Kashka-Darya rivers pumping
irrigation and gravity flow irrigation zones are set up together
with the techno-economical reasons and a plan-scheme for
subdividing the territory into zones is worked out.
Problem 2. Irrigation and Reclamation
The Department of Irrigation and Reclamation works on
the following general problems: technique and machinery for
irrigation of agricultural crops, control of canal silting and its
overgrowing, reduction of the maintenance costs, on reclama-
tion problems of saline soils by means of horizontal surface
and underground drainage and vertical drills.
Fig. 3. A field irrigated by long furrows.
This Department introduces: a method of estimating the
elements for furrow irrigation, sprinkling of cotton plants, de-
vices for increasing the labour efficiency ? such as pipes, si-
phons (rubber tubes), portable pipelines; methods for designing
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Fig. 4. Irrigation by sprinkling.
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Fig. 5. Portable pipeline.
Fig. 6 Horizontal open drain.
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and practical execution of levelling as well as extention of
irrigated areas; the Department also worked out methods of
estimation and construction of vertical drainage; it derived a
method for estimating the horizontal drainage by ? water balan-
ce equalization and construction of temporary drains. ?
Fig. 7. Vertical drainage pump.
Problem 3. Study of the River Bed Courses, Water Intake
Structures and Hydraulics of Structures
The Department of River Beds in engaged in studying
the rivers of Central Asia with the aim of drawing up me-
thods to regulate river beds, to estimate silting process and
washing of upstreams and downstreams of headworks as well
as to estimate the scouring of beds along the great length in
dams downstreams; in is occupied in compiling the methods
for estimating the ice regime on river sections adjoining the
headworks and determining the time of the reservoirs silting.
Analyses of turbulent flow patterns carrying sediment are
'conducted.
The River Bed Department carries out laboratory and field
research work for a series of large hydraulic projects (Farhad,
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Fig. 8. Scouring of the Amu-Darya river bank (Daigish).
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F. 9. General view of river bed models site in summer.
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Kairak-Kum Dams on the Sir-Darya river, Kampir-Ravat and
Gazalkent Dams). The methodical part of the main silting
problems of the Work is completed and the reasons for rapid
silting (twice as much thas has been expected) of Farhad and
Kairak-Kum reservoirs were elucidated. It was determined that
in estimating the silting process period one should take in con-
sideration also the effect of wind wave action on the reser-
voir banks and some other factors.
The Laboratory of Intake Structures is busy with me-
thods of further improvement of intake structures on the Cent-
ral Asian rivers with appliances controlling the entrance of
sediments into the irrigation and power station canals.
The Laboratory together with the designing institutes has
completed the scheme of an intake works of Fergana type
which permits the draw of water for the canals with the least
amount of sediments.
The operation of this type of intake works based on the
principle of utilization of a lateral flow circulation, possesses
the following characteristics.
The intake process takes place from a curved flow at a
concavity of the river bank. Intake works dams consist of
curvilinear approach channel gate dam, intake sill adjoining
the dam at the concave bank. In most cases the river head-
works in Central Asia are built according to this type.
The Laboratory of Intake Structures has worked out the
theory and a calculation method for silting basins, curvilinear
sand traps and silt-discharge canal capacity.
In the Laboratory of Structure Hydraulics questions con-
nected with energy absorption in the downstreams of head-
works are studied, research work is carried out on the ques-
tion of disturbed and pulsating flow as well as on methods of
the hydraulic modelling.
The elaboration of a method for the depth calculation of
local scouring beyond the headworks which is of great impor-
tance for correct evaluation of possible scouring, as well as
designing 'and calculation of tower and siphon spillways were
accomplished by the Laboratory.
The main problems with which the Experimental Wave
Action Laboratory is concerned consist in active and passive
control measures for protecting the slopes of earth dams and
reservoir embankments from wave action. The Laboratory plans
to study wind and wave regimes of reservoirs, fixing the
wave load standards more accurately. The Laboratory is also bu-
sy with the testing of large-scale models of various types of
strengthening in order to choose the best solution and finally
the Laboratory is engaged in making a detailed study of cal-
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Fig. 10: The Kuiluk -headworks
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culating methods. Visual observation is set on the experimen-
tal sections of reservoirs. For example observations on con-
ditions of strengthening the Katta-Kurgan Dam slopes were
conducted, and the values of wave height vs. wind velocity
were determined.
A laboratory with two wave flumes 16 in and 8o m long,
respectively, will be completed in 1961. The height of the
waves in these flumes will reach 1,7 m.
Problem 4. Calculating Methods and Construction of the
Hydraulic Structures
The Department of Hydraulic Structures and the Labo-
ratory of Soil Science carry on research work on the structu-
ral properties of loess soils used as building material
in the majority of earth structures in Central Asia. The calcu-
lating methods of designing and erection of earth hydraulic
works are being studied. The Laboratory of Soil Science con-
ducted research work on structural properties of loess soils:
common, saline and loose settling soils. The ?results of these
tests make it possible to apply soils containing 10% of salt
for important earth constructions and in some cases it is even
possible to apply soils containing as much: as 15% instead of
the usual 3% of salt fixed by State Standards.
Methods for fixing the bed settling for embankment and
dam construction are also completed by the Laboratory and
recommendations are given for foundation treatment in loose
settling soils. This helps to determine more accurately the
necessary volume of supplementary work due to foundation
settlement and garantees to a greater degree the safety of the
construction. The Laboratory has provided methods for design-
ing, constructing and maintenance of canals in highly loose
settling soils.
The Department of Hydraulic Structures studies questions
of deformations of earth dams (among these are the dams cbn-
structed by filling the water with soil), the consolidation
process and stability of canal slopes in saturated loess soil
are also studied; simplified methods of percolation calculation
in structures taking in account all volume seepage are worked
out (among these drops-chutes, water outlets, aqueducts and
cantilever spillways.),
The Laboratory of Building Materials is engaged in fin-
ding new as well as local materials for water works problems,
choosing right concrete proportions and testing their properties
for application in irrigation construction.
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Fig. 11. Cracks in settling loess soils as a result of wetting.
0 90 80 120 im,frimim
3
7
,9
E 11
(1) 15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
-
et
- I
- I
- I
- I
-
? ?3
Fig. 12. Diagram of value variations
of relative depth settlment in loess
soils.
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The Laboratory is also busy with studying of earth canal
lining materials and coverings in order to protect concrete
from abrasion. Technology of preparation and placing of cold-
mixed asphalt materials was likewise completed. General cha-
racteristics of plastic concrete containing furfurol acetone mo-
nomer ?FA" with required abrasion resistance were obtained
177
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es.
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7 .
20005
8
Fig. 13. Abrasion resistance of lining materials (kilograms per
square meter per hour) determined by a special device desi-
gned in the Institute.
as a result of research work. Properties of reinforced gunite
were studied so as to apply it as a lining material for pres-
sure hydraulic structures, research work is going on making
gunite more plastic and using it as an anti-seepage canal
lining.
Problem 5. Mechanization and Industrial Methods in
Hydraulic Construction
In the Mechanization Department for Water Works besi-
de testing of irrigation machinery and improving their service
and methods of advanced mechanized processing they design
new machines for building and maintenance services in irrigation
systems.
Field testing of a floating mower for cleaning canals from
vegetation designed by the Institute was carried out and a
special machine has been designed for cleaning laterals from
vegetation and silt deposits.
For horizontal underground drainage 2,5-3,5 m deep the
Mechanization Department -together with Glavgolodnostepstroy
(Hunger-Steppe Design Institute) constructed a drainlayer.
This machine prepares trenches, lays drains 500 mm long and
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Fig. 14. Drainlayer of D. 251 type for .the construction of underground horizontal drains. 3,5 in deep.
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covers, them with gravel. The effiency of the machine attains.
250 linear meters per shift.
The Laboratory of prefabricated Reinforced Concrete'
Structures is engaged in improving prefabricated concrete and
reinforced concrete structures and canal linings; besides that it
is busy in creating new thin-walled prefabricated structures.
Fig. 15. Diagram of drainlayer operation.
F,or manufacturing in situ the prefabricated parts the Labo-
ratory has planned experimental stations with stand-basins
adjustable for working in specific climatic conditions of Cent-
ral Asia.
The Laboratory discovered the possibility of reducing the
thickness of reinforced concrete linings from 12 cm to 6 cm
for main canals and in canals where water discharge runs
from 0,2 to 20 cubic meters per second. The practice of using
prefabricated concrete linings 5-8 cm thick rather than those
of reinforced concrete has been proved to;_be?more econo-
mical.
2-793
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Fig. 16. Experimental station with stand-basins for manufacturing the prefabricated parts of the structures
in situ.
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Fig. 17. Placing prefabricated concrete lining on the plain canal during operation periocl,
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Fig. 18. Reinforced cement flume 9 nz long with the capacity of 0,5 cubic
meter per second.
Fig. 19. Prefabricated reinforced cement gate-regulator with 3,4 in span
for the capacity of 0,8 cubic meter per second.
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New reinforced cement slabs 2 cm thick were recommended
for lining ditches in small farming network. The Laboratory
worked out a scheme and a technology of producing
the reinforced cement flumes of parabolic shape which are
twice as economical as reinforced concrete. The dimensions
-of a flume are: 6 to 9 m long, 60 cm high and 80 cm wide
In its upper part, its capacity being 0,5 cubic meter per se-
cond.
For minor networks the Laboratory has worked out prefa-
bricated hydraulic structures of an economical shape. They
consist of ribbed slabs and panels which are prepared as flat
reinforced cement details receiving prefabricated ironconcrete
ribbs.
Problem 6. Hydraulic Machinery and Apparatus
The Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery studies serving
conditions of water-hoisting machines for water economy of
the Republic and questions of their rational utilization.
Propeller pumps of small capacity for pumping irrigation of
Horezm and Kara-Kalpakia regions, shaft pumps for vertical
drainage and for utilization of ground waters for irrigation pur-
poses as well as cord and band pumps for pasture watering
were created by the Laboratory.
This Laboratory is also busy with methods of choosing
pumps for zonal pumping irrigation and for vertical drainage;
estimation of hydraulic ram effect in pressure pipelines, theory
of operation process in the cord and band water hoisting de-
vices as well as the theory of vacuumless charging of propel-
ler pumps.
The problems of the Laboratory of Water Gauging Devi-
,ces consist in creating of new types of water gauge sets (tu-
bular and surface gauge), automatic apparatus for recording
and controlling irrigation water (hydrometers, distant trans-
mitters, discharge indicators, discharge recorders, flow meters,
etc.), and making use of the advantages Of automatic and tele-
mechanic inventions to solve these problems.
Besides that the Laboratory calibrates water gauging devi-
ces for all irrigation systems of Uzbekistan.
Among the recommended types are the following water
gauges and automatic equipment designed by the Laboratory
itself: an open gate regulator for collecting farm allocation
water where the water discharge capacity reaches 2,5 cubic
meters per second; tubular water gauge whose discharge water
capacity reaches 1,5 cubic meters per second; surface water
gauge-regulator to be applied in the farming whose water ca-
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Fig. 20. Shaft propeller pump B11-8 for verticat drainage and utilization of
underground water for irrigation purposes.
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Fig. 21. Diagram of a band water-hoisting device of J1-100 SANIIR1 type,.
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Fig. 22. Cod !water-hoisting-device 8CD for hoisting water from drills of
small diameter located on pastures. Its capacity being 1,5-2,5 litres per
second; the height of hoisting-30 m.
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Fig. 23. Laboratory of Water Gauge Sets.
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Fig. 24. Level-discharge recorder.
Fig. 25. Water gauge attached to open regulator.
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