WATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE NAHR EL KELB BASIN REPUBLIC OF LEBANOL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A003400510001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 181
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
WASHINGTON 25. D.C.
February 3, 1958
Mr. E. N. Holmgreen, Director
Office of Food and Agriculture
International Cooperation Administration
Washington 25, D. C.
My dear Mr. Holmgreen:
Under the general provisions of the Special Project
Agreement between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Foreign Opera-
tions Administration for Technical Assistance in Water Resources
Development, Lebanon, signed September 1, 19514, the Bureau of
Reclamation has prepared the attached report on the Nahr el Kelb
Basin, Lebanon.
This report covers a water resources reconnaissance of
the Nahr el Kelb Basin in northeastern Lebanon and indicates the
water and land resources potentialities of that basin. The data
on which this report is based are purely of a reconnaissance nature,
and are only indicative of the actual conditions existing in this
river basin. We wish to emphasize the recommendation in the report
that the collection of much additional physical data must be under-
taken as a part of a detailed investigation before any construction
on a definite development plan can be undertaken.
This report is the sixth of nine such basin reports to
be completed under this agreement. Additional reports will be
transmitted at a later date.
Sincerely yours
In duplicate
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Prepared By
United States Department of the Interior
Bureau of Reclamation
International Cooperation Administration
Water Resources Investigations
NAHR EL KELB BASIN
LEBANON
Natural Resources Division
United States Operations Mission to Lebanon
Beirut, Lebanon
May, 1956
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This reconnaissance report describes the investigations made, the data collected,
the conclusions drawn, and the recommendations made with regard to the development of
the water resources of the Nahr el Kelb Basin in Central Lebanon about 11 kilometers
northeast of Beirut.
The basin contains about 260 square kilometers and extends from the crest of
the Lebanon Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea. Elevations in this basin vary from
about 2, 630 meters to sea level. Outcrops of Cretaceous and Jurassic age predominate
throughout the basin. These have been extensively folded and faulted. Many springs
occur and produce most of the streamflow, particularly during the dry season. Water
from such springs in the mountain section has been partly developed for village water
supply and for terrace irrigation.
Water is diverted from the river to irrigate about 120 hectares of fertile land-
in the coastal section north and south of the river and for a domestic water supply for
the city of Beirut. Expansion of the coastal irrigation system is impracticable due to
the lack of irrigable land.
Very meager hydrologic data are available. The development proposed herein
has been based upon limited streamflow records. They appear reasonable, but the short
periods of measurement are not sufficient for a definite hydrologic study. The study
indicates a total surface water discharge of about 250 million cubic meters in an average
water year and 121 million cubic meters in a minimum water year at the El Mokhada
Gaging Station. Storage at the Mayrouba Reservoir Site would help firm the power pro-
duction and furnish additional domestic water for future developments.
Existing and expected power production from approved developments, are be-
lieved ample for. Lebanon's needs for about 15 years. The power development proposed
consists of 5 hydroelectric plants and one thermal plant. The hydro plants would have
an installed capacity of 103, 200 kilowatts and the thermal plants, 65, 000 kilowatts. Es-
timated salable energy production in an average water year would be about 274 million
kilowatt-hours from the hydro plants and 371 million from the thermal plant. A 69, 000-
volt transmission system to connect these plants to Beirut, and a 35, 000-volt system to
provide power for the local area, are proposed; however, final determination of the trans-
mission system voltage levels should be made in future detailed studies. The total es-
timated cost of the power development is LL. 134, 000, 000, and the estimated annual
cost would be LL. 18, 551, 000. Power benefits as measured by the annual cost of the
cheapest alternative source of power is LL. 21, 900, 000. Comparison with the estimated
annual cost shows a benefit-cost ratio of 1. 2 to 1 for the proposed power development.
Assuming a market for all energy produced, and a rate of five piasters per kilowatt-
hour, expected revenue from power production in an average water year would be LL.
32, 250, 000.
1. The plan proposed herein for the rehabilitation of the existing irrigation
system, development of the power production, and expansion of the do-
mestic water supply be adopted by the Government of Lebanon as a
preliminary plan for the development of the water resources of the Nahr
el Kelb Basin;
2. Detailed investigations, including the collection of 10 years of additional
hydrologic data, additional surveys, geologic data, extensive foundation
investigations of the Mayrouba Reservoir Site, comparative preliminary
designs for Mayrouba Dam, power market studies, repayment analyses,
and additional data on all phases of the proposed power development, be
undertaken and completed before final design and construction of the pro-
posed power development be undertaken;
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3. The additional power development proposed herein for the Nahr el Kelb
Basin be studied in detail for construction as soon as market conditions
warrant and sufficient data are available as a result of the detailed proj-
ect investigations proposed herein, provided that no other major power
developments, other than that of the Litani River Project, are authorized
before the Nahr el Kelb development;
4. Final determination of the transmission system voltage levels should be left
to future detailed transmission studies of the entire country, which should
include consideration of all the potential hydroelectric developments. The
Ministry of Public Works expedite their development program for village
water supply and that it be expanded to include all of those villages in the
Nahr el Kelb Basin whose present water supply is inadequate. The Govern-
ment of Lebanon establish a program to educate and train water users in the
proper use of irrigation water and modern agricultural practices.
Following are tabulations of "Pertinent Data Proposed Hydroelectric Power
Development Nahr el Kelb Basin. "
PERTINENT DATA - PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC POWER
DEVELOPMENT - NAHR EL KELB BASIN
Feature
Har oun
Unit
Mayrouba
Unit
Qlayaat
Unit
Balloune
Unit
Jeita
Unit
Darn and Reservoir
(5 dams)
Crest Elevation
1521-1632m.
1, 217 m.
795 in.
363 in.
60 m.
Storage Capacity
Nil
20x106 m3
Nil
150, OOOm3
Nil
Tunnel
Free-flow
Free-flow
Free-flow
Free-flow
--
Diameter
2. 0 in.
2.2 m.
2. 2 m.
2.2 in.
--
Length
250 in.
1, 900m.
2, 300m.
2, 500m.
--
Conduit
Diameter
--
--
--
2. 2 in.
--
Length
--
--
--
2, 500m.
--
Canal
Capacity
1. 5-4 m3/s
10 m3/s
--
--
15 m3/s
Length
9, 620m.
3, 200m.
--
--
1, 900m.
Penstock
Diameter
1. 1 M.
1. 8 m.
1. 8 in.
1. 9 in.
2.2 in.
Length
1, 400m.
800 m.
1, .180m.
820 in.
125 in.
Power Plant
Cross Head
296 in.
362 in.
422 in.
270 in.
36 m.
Turbines
Impulse
Impulse
Impulse
Impulse
Reaction
Generators
1-10, 000kw.
2-14, 500kw.
2-17, 000kw.
2-13, 000kw.
1-4, 200kw.
Total Capacity
10, 000 kw.
29, 000kw.
34, 000kw.
26, 000kw.
4, 200kw.
Annual Generation
33
54
68
100
19
(million kwh.)
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TRANSLITERATION
Certain inconsistencies in the spelling of place names may be noted on maps and
in the text. Difficulties in transliterating Arabic words into exact French or English
equivalents have resulted in a wide variation of spellings on the original maps and docu-
ments used for this report. Generally, the spelling used in this report, is that shown on
the topographic quadrangle sheets prepared by the Institut Geographie National, Ministere
Des Travaux Publics et Des Transports, Paris, France. It should be noted, however,
that the phonetic pronunciation of names is similar regardless of the spelling.
Other inconsistencies occur in the use of certain Arabic words which are often
retained in the French and English versions of proper names. For instance, the word
"Nahr" is the Arabic word for "river, " "Jebel" or "Jabal" is "mountain, " "Ain" is
"spring, " "Nabaa" is "source, " etc. Local usage has often dictated the use of certain
of those Arabic words on maps and in the text.
CONVERSION FACTORS
This report has been prepared primarily for use in Lebanon where units of
measure are in the metric system. Therefore, metric units and Lebanese currency
units have been used throughout this report. The following conversion factors are
shown for the convenience of the reader:
1 meter (m) = 39. 37 inches = 3. 281 feet
1 kilometer (km) = 0. 621 miles
1 square meter (m2) = 10. 76 square feet
1 hectare (ha) = 10, 000 square meters = 2. 47 acres
1 cubic: meter (m3) = 1, 000 liters = 35. 315 cubic feet
1 liter a) = 0, 264 gallons
1 million cubic meters (m3 x 106) = 810. 7 acre-feet
1 kilogram (kg) = 2. 205 pounds
1 Pound Lebanese (LL. ) = 100 Piasters Lebanes (PL.) = 0. 310 Dollars U. S.
1 Dollar U. S. ($) = 3. 22 Pounds Lebanese (Exchange rate April 30, 1956).
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SUMMARY . . . . . . . . .
TRANSLITERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
CONVERSION FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
LIST OF PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
SECTION I - INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-i
Authority and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
Cooperation and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Previous Studies and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
The United States - Lebanon Agricultural Mission . . . . . . . . 1-2
The Economic Development of Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
The United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East . 1-3
Development Plan for the Litani River Basin . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Nuclear Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
SECTION II - GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
Basin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Electric Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Domestic Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-3
SECTION III - HYDROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1
Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III -1
Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III -1
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1
Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III -1
Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-2
Evaporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-2
Stream Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-3
Average Year Discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-3
Minimum Year Discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-4
Areal Flow Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-4
Available Irrigation Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-5
Water Used for Power Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-7
Water for Domestic Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-7
Estimated Flows for Power Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-7
Sites Selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-7
Available Water in a Minimum Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-8
Available Water in an Average Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-8
Inflow Spillway Design Flood - Mayrouba Reservoir . . . . . . . . . 111-8
Unitgraph Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-8
Design Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-9
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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Retention Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 -9
Design Flood Hydrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-9
Routing Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-10
Spillway Design Floods - Diversion Dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-10
Diversion During Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-11
Maximum Expected Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-12
Sedimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-13
Quality of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-13
Previous Geologic Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1
General Geology of the Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1
Geological Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1
Seismology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-2
Ground Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV -2
Nahr el Keib Basin Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-3
Nabaa el Aassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-3
Nabaa el Leben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-3
Nabaa el Kana and Nabaa el Mogharah . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
Ain el Souane and Ain el Tannour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
Nabaa Sannine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
Nabaa el Membourkh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
Anna Bakich Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Nabaa Jafer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Nabaa el Jozat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Nabaa es Sakie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Nabaa el Rhabate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Jeita Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-5
Proposed Nahr el Kelb Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6
Hardoun Unit . . . . . . IV-6
Fakra Diversion Dam and Canal Sites . . . .. . . . . . . . IV-6
Nahr el Leben Diversion Dam Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6
El Leben Conduit Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6
El Aassel Diversion Dam Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6
El Aassel Conduit Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6
Chabrouka Diversion Dam Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Chabrouka Conduit Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Hardoun Conduit Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Hardoun Penstock and Power Plant Sites . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Mayrouba Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Mayrouba Dam and Reservoir Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-7
Mayrouba Tunnel Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-9
Mayrouba Penstock and Power Plant Sites . . . . . . . . . IV-9
Qlayaat Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-9
Qlayaat Diversion Dam Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-9
Qlayaat Tunnel Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-9
Qlayaat Penstock and Power Plant Sites . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Bal ioune Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Balloune Diversion Dam Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Balloune Tunnel and Conduits Sites . . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Balloune Penstock and Power Plant Sites . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Jeita Unit . . . . . . . . . . IV-10
Jeita Diversion Dam Site . . . . . IV-11
Hrach Flume and Jeita Conduit Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-11
Jeita Penstock and Power Plant Sites . . . . . . . . . . . IV-11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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SECTION V - IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1
Existing Irrigation Development - Coastal Area . . . . . . . . V-1
El Wata Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1
Dbaiye Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2
Project Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2
Existing Irrigation Development - Mountain Area . . . . . . . . . . V-2
Proposed Irrigation Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-3
SECTION VI - POWER DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1
Existing Power Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1
Prior Power Development Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-2
Proposed Power Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-2
Hardoun Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-2
Mayrouba Dam and Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-4
Mayrouba Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-5
Qlayaat Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-6
Balloune Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-8
Jeita Unit . Vi-9
Capabilities of the Hydroelectric Development . . . . . . . . . . . VI-11
Nahr el Kelb Thermal Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-12
Hydro Thermal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-13
Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-14
Power Market Study - Load Area I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-15
Sequence of Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-15
Estimated Power Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-16
SECTION VII - DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1
Existing Village Water Supply Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1
Nabaa el Aassel Water System - Kesrouan District . . . . . . . VII-1
Nabaa el Aassel - Nabaa Membourkh Water System -
Meten District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1
Nabaa el Jozat Water System - Meten District . . . . . . . . . VII-2
Jeita Spring Water System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII -2
Development Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-3
System "A" - Source Nabaa el Aassel . . . . . . . . . . VII-3
System "B" - Sources Nabaa el Aassel, Nabaa Membourkh,
Nabaa el Jamajeme and Jeita Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-4
System "C" - Source Nabaa el Jozat . . . . . . . . . . . VII-4
System "D" - Source Jeita Spring - Beirut
Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-4
Technical Assistance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-5
SECTION VIII - COSTS AND BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1
Construction Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1
Operation and Maintenance Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-3
Interest, Amortization, Insurance, and Replacement Cpsts. . . . . . VIII-4
Evaluation of Existing Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5
Power Benefits and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5
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SECTION IX - ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS NECESSARY . . . . . . . IX-1
Mapping Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-1
Hydrologic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2
Analysis of Hydrologic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2
Geologic Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2
Mayrouba Dam and Reservoir Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2
General Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3
El Leben Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3
Jeita Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3
Power System Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3
Domestic Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-4
Costs and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-4
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1
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Description of Power Supply Facilities
Past and Present Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Present Load Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Present Power Production Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Present Electricity Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Future Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Factors Influencing Future Load Development. . . . . . . . . .
Future Load Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of the Future Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retirement of Existing Power Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . .
Future Reserve Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Facilities Under Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A-1
A -2
A-3
A -4
A -4
A -5
A-5
A-6
A-9
A-10
A-il
A-12
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Table
Number Title Page
111- 1 Temperature Extremes - Beirut, Lebanon . . . . . . . . Follows III-1
111-2 Average Monthly Temperatures - Beirut, Lebanon . . . . Follows 111- 1
111-3 Relative Humidity - American University
Observatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-1
111-4 Precipitation Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-2
111-5 Monthly Precipitation - Qlayaat, Lebanon . . . . . . . . Follows 111-2
111-6 Monthly Precipitation - Bikfaya, Lebanon . . . . . . . . Follows 111-2
111-7 Monthly Precipitation - Qornet Chahouane, Lebanon. . . . Follows 111-2
111-8 Average Monthly Reservoir Evaporation . . . . . . . . . Follows III-2
111-9 Monthly Discharges, Nahr el Kelb at El Mokhada . . . . . Follows III-2
III-10 Discharge Measurements, Nahr el Kelb at El
Mokhada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows Ill -2
III-11 Daily Discharges of Nahr el Kelb at El Mokhada,
Lebanon, Calendar Years 1949 through 1955,
(7 sheets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-2
111-12 Monthly Discharges - Average Year, Nahr el
Kelb at El Mokhada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-2
111-13 Monthly Discharges - Minimum Year, Nahr el Kelb
at El Mokhada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-3
111-14 Miscellaneous "Discharge Measurements, Nahr el
Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-4
111-15 Estimated Monthly Discharges of Jeita Spring and
Seepage Between Jeita Spring and El Mokhada
Gaging Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-4
111-16 Estimated Monthly Diversions into El Wata
Irrigation Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-5
111-17 Estimated Monthly Diversions into Irrigation and
Municipal Water Supply Systems, Upper Nahr el
Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-6
111-18 Available Water at Diversion Dam Sites -
Minimum Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-8
111-19 Available Water at Diversion Dam Sites -
Average Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-8
111-20 Diversion Requirements During Construction . . . . . . . Follows III-10
111-21 Maximum Recorded Stream Flow - Southern
California Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows III-11
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Table
Number Title Page
III-22 Maximum Expected Floods at Darn Sites . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-12
III-23 Quality of Surface Water - Analysis for Nahr el
Kelh Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Follows 111-13
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Plate
Drawing
Follows
Number Title
Number
Page
I-1 General Location Map - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . .
OA-10-864
II-1
II-1 General Map - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-846
Ii-1
11-2 Condensed Profile - Nahr el Kelb . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-847
II-1
III-1 Hydraulic Stations - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . .
OA-10-862
111-2
111-2 Stage-Discharge Rating Curve - El
Mokhada Gage - Nahr el Kelb . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-861
111-2
111-3 Dimensionless Graph - Mayrouba Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-849
111-9
111-4 Lag Relationship Curves - Southern California
Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-559
111-9
111-5 15-Minute Unit Hydrograph - Mayrouba Dam Site -
Nahr es Salib - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . .
OA-10-859
111-9
111-6 Depth Duration Curve - Spillway Design
Storm - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-863
111-9
111-7 Inflow Spillway Design Flood - Mayrouba Dam
Site - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-860
111-9
111-8 Mean Flood Flows - Coastal Lebanon . . . . . . . .
OA-10-554
III-10
111-9 Flood Frequency - Jeita Diversion Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-850
III-11
I11-10 Flood Frequency - Balloune Diversion Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-851
III-11
111- 11 Flood Frequency - Qlayaat Diversion Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-852
III-11
III-12 Flood Frequency - Mayrouba Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-853
III-11
III-13 Flood Frequency - Hardoun Diversion Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-854
III-11
111-14 Flood Frequency - Chabrouka Diversion Dam
Site - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-855
III-11
III__ 15 Flood Frequency - El Aassel Diversion Dam
Site - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-856
III-11
III-16 Flood Frequency - El Leben Diversion Dam
Site - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-857
III-11
111-17 Flood Frequency - Fakra Diversion Dam Site -
Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-858
III-11
:1I1-11 Coastal Section - Lebanon - Maximum Peak
Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-552
111-12
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Plate Drawing Follows
Number Title Number Page
III-19 Coastal Section - Lebanon - Maximum Flood
Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-553 111-12
IV-1 Geologic Reconnaissance - Nahr el Kelb
Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-865 IV-2
IV-2 Geologic Reconnaissance - Nahr el Kelb
Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-866 IV-2
IV-3 Geologic Profile - Mayrouba Dam Site - Nahr
es Salib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-868 IV-2
V-1 Existing Irrigation System - Nahr el Kelb . . . . . . OA-10-848 V-1
VI-1 Existing Power Development - Nahr el Kelb . . . . . OA-10-867 VI-2
VI-2 Proposed Power Development - Nahr el
Kelb Basin - Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-870 VI-4
VI-3 Proposed Power Development - Nahr el
Kelb Basin - Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-873 VI-4
VI-4 Qlayaat Diversion Dam - General Plan and
Section - Nahr el Kelb Basin . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-875 VI-5
VI-5 Transmission System - Load Area I -
Nahr el Kelb Development . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-874 VI-14
VI-6 Proposed Transmission System - Single Line
Diagram - Nahr el Kelb Basin. . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-872 VI-14
VI-7 Power Load Areas - Republic of Lebanon . . . . . . OA-10-551 VI-14
VII-1 Existing Distribution System - Domestic Water
Supply - Nahr el Kelb Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-869 VII-1
VII-2 Proposed Distribution System - Domestic Water
Supply - Nahr el Kelb Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-871 VII-4
VIII-1 Cost Estimating Data - Hydroelectric
Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-556 VIII-2
VIII-2 Cost Estimating Data - Thermal-Electric
Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-557 VIII-2
VIII-3 Capacity and Energy Costs - Thermal
Electric Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-558 VIII-5
APPENDIX
A-1 Location of Power Plants Serving Load Area 1 . . . . OA-10-568 A-1
A-2 Beirut Interconnected Load Area - Power and
Energy Generation - 1950-1951 . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-566 A-4
A-3 Load Characteristics - Area I - Typical
December Daily Load Diagram . . . . . . . . . . OA-10-560 A-4
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Plate
Drawing
Follows
Number Title
Number
Page
A-4 Estimated Future Electrical Energy Require-
ments - Load Area I - Lebanon . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-561
A-6
A-5 Future Energy Requirements - Republic of
Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-550
A-6
A-6 Future Electrical Energy Requirements for
Industries in Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-562
A-7
A-7 Area I - Estimated Future Electrical Energy
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-567
A-8
A-8 Future Load Characteristics - Load Duration
and Peak Percent Curves - March Conditions -
1965-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-563
A-10
A-9 Future Load Characteristics - Load Duration
and Peak Percent Curves - December Con-
ditions - 1965-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-564
A-10
A-10 Future Load Characteristics - Monthly Distri-
bution - 6% Annual Load Growth . . . . . . . . . .
OA-10-565
A-10
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This water resource reconnaissance investigation of the Nahr el Kelb Basin has
been made at the request of the Ministry of Public Works for Lebanon. The purpose of
this investigation was to determine the potentialities for development of the water re-
sources of this basin. A tentative plan for the development of such resources has been
formulated. The results of this investigation and the details of the proposed plan are
discussed in this report.
This investigation has disclosed that very meager physical data are available
upon which to base a plan for the development of this basin. Therefore, the plan pro-
posed herein has been based upon a number of basic assumptions since actual data were
not available. These assumptions must be substantiated, or modified, by more detailed
investigations before the execution of the proposed plan is undertaken. However, this
plan is presented to serve as a framework upon which additional investigations may be
based. It is intended primarily as an indication of the potentialities for water develop-
ment in this basin and as a guide to the planning of the future investigations required.
Future investigations should include the collection and analysis of adequate hy-
drologic data; detailed topographic mapping of critical areas; geologic exploration at
sites proposed for major development structures; and the expansion of the domestic
water supply program for Beirut and all other towns and villages in the area. These
proposed investigations are discussed in detail in Section IX - ADDITIONAL INVESTIGA-
TIONS NECESSARY.
Authority and Scope
A project agreement between the United States of America Operations Mission
to Lebanon and the Ministry of Public Works for Lebanon was signed on October 1, 1953
and amended June 10, 1954. A new project agreement covering this same project was
signed March 31, 1955. This agreement provided a joint technical cooperation project
in the field of Water Resources Development Planning and was requested by the Ministry
of Public Works by letter dated March 7, 1953. The agreement authorized joint action
for reconnaissance investigations and reports on the water resource potentialities of
Lebanon, other than the water resources potentialities included in the Litani River In-
vestigation Report.
The plan of action authorized in this project agreement, as amended, limited
these studies to preliminary hydrologic investigations, including stream gaging; recon-
naissance-type field surveys, including land classification; geologic investigations; and
a review of existing plans, proposals, and projects. Reconnaissance reports will be
prepared for each major stream, or river basin, selected jointly for investigation by
the Project Engineer of the Operations Mission to Lebanon Special Project, and the Di-
rector General of the Ministry of Public Works.
The Director General, by letter of January 20, 1954, proposed that the following
eleven river basins in Lebanon be included in this reconnaissance investigation, and
these have been jointly agreed to by both agencies:
Nahr el Bared Nahr Abou Ali
Nahr Ostouene Nahr el Kelb
Nahr el Assi Nahr Beirut
Nahr Ibrahim Nahr el Kebir
Nahr Arka Nahr Damour
Nahr el Awali
The general locations of these eleven rivers are shown on Plate I-1. A recon-
naissance report to cover the potential water resources in each of these basins has been
requested by the Ministry of Public Works.
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The 1956 Project Agreement, signed April 26, 1956, deleted the originally pro-
posed reconnaissance investigations for the Nahr el Kebir and Nahr el Awali Basins.
The Nahr el Kebir forming the North boundary of Lebanon between Lebanon and Syria, is
an international stream. Th9refore, a basin report cannot be completed on this stream
without the cooperation of the Government of Syria. An agreement between the two coun-
tries on the division of the water has not been reached.
A separate report for the Nahr el Awali Basin is not deemed necessary as de-
velopment of this stream was included in the "Litani River Basin Development Plan"
which was officially presented to the Government of Lebanon in July 1954.
This report describes the investigations made, the data collected, the conclu-
sions drawn, and the recommendations made, regarding the water resource potential of
the Nahr el Kelb Basin. The general area included in this basin is shown on Plate I-1
and its detailed description in Section II - GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
Cooperation and Acknowledgements
The Ministry of Public Works for Lebanon has been jointly responsible for this
investigation and report, and has contributed funds and personnel to assist in its execu-
tion and completion. Mr. Ibrahim Abd-el Al, Director General of Concessions and
Representative of the Ministry of Public Works, and his staff, have cooperated with the
Operations Mission to Lebanon. Their assistance is greatly appreciated. Other agencies
of the Lebanese Government have also contributed information and data used in this in-
vestigation.
The United States Embassy in Beirut and the United States Operations Mission
to Lebanon have made available personnel and facilities needed to assist in carrying out
these investigations.
Most of the United States personnel responsible for.these investigations and
report were employees of the Bureau of Reclamation, United States Department of the
Interior, who were assigned to the United States Operations Mission to Lebanon - Special
Project for this work. Other United States personnel engaged in this work were Inter-
national Cooperation Administration employees. Able assistance was given by Lebanese
engineers and technicians on various phases of the work.
The power companies in Lebanon have supplied valuable statistical and engineer-
ing data that have been incorporated into the power market and power resource investiga-
tions that were made as a part of the Litani River Investigations. These data have pro-
vided much source material for this report.
Previous Studies and Reports
A number of missions, consulting firms, and individuals have made investiga-
tions and studies relating to the problems involved in the development of the natural re-
sources of Lebanon. The reports of such groups have generally been available for use in
this investigation and have been most useful in furnishing background material and basic
data. Credit has been given wherever possible when such material has been utilized.
The following is a brief description of the principal source reports with footnote designa-
dons as used throughout this report:
The United States - Lebanon Agricultural Mission. 1 / This mission was organized
jointly in T 46 by tfie rut'e3 ates erartments o fate and Agriculture, at the request
of the Lebanese Government. Its assignment was to assist Lebanon on problems relating
to agricultural development. The report of this mission, after intensive study, included
recommendations and suggestions to the Lebanese Government for solving the agricultural
problems of Lebanon.
1_/ United States Department of Agriculture - Report of the United States -
Lebanon Agricultural Mission - Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations -
Wa iington, eptember, 1948.
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The Economic Development of Lebanon.?/ The Government of Lebanon entered
into an agreement on December Z'1, 194b with the firm of Sir Alexander Gibb and Part-
ners, Consulting Engineers, of London, England, to "investigate and report on the
economic development of Lebanon. " The report by this firm contains a study of the
economics of Lebanon and recommendations regarding land and water utilization, commu-
nications, industry and commerce. It proposed a "Long Term Plan" for the development
of the country.
The United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East. 3/ This re-
port, in two volumes, dated December 28, 1949, was prepared y an Economic Survey
Mission of the United Nations under the chairmanship of Gordon R. Clapp. This Mission
was established by the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine to "examine
the economic situation in the countries affected by the recent hostilities, and to make
recommendations to the Commission for an integrated programme.. . " This Mission
secured the services of a staff of experts who made a rapid study of the refugee problem,
the economy of the Middle East area, and of various measures which might be undertaken
to alleviate some of the economic problems in this area. This Mission reported in part,
in connection with its survey of Lebanon, as follows:
" .. Complete development of the water resources of the country is essential
to the future economy, as it will be the means of increasing agricultural productivity
through irrigation, as well as creating opportunities for a greater industrial develop-
ment by utilizing low-cost hydroelectric power. "
Development Plan for the Litani River Basin. 4/ This report was prepared by
the United States Department of the Interior, ureao of Reclamation, for the United
States Foreign Operations Administration, at the request of the Lebanese Government,
as a part of the Technical Assistance Program to Lebanon. It was presented to the
Lebanese Government by the United States Ambassador to Lebanon on July 21, 1954, and
subsequently adopted by that Government. This report presents an over-all plan for the
development of the water resources of the Litani and Bisri (El Awali) River Basins. It
is referred to herein as the Development Plan for the Litani River Basin. It has furnished
a considerable amount of basic data used in this report.
Nuclear Power Plants
In this report it was assumed that modern oil-burning, steam-electric power
plants would be used to firm the power produced by the proposed hydroelectric develop-
ment. The lack of proven experience, with respect to atomic power plant costs, pro-
hibits a rational economic comparison of fossil fuel (oil, coal, etc. ) with nuclear fuel
power plants. Until additional cost data becomes available, as a result of actual experi-
ence with experimental nuclear power plants in the United States, Great Britain, and
elsewhere, it is impractical at this time to make any comparative cost estimates of
atomic and conventional power plants in Lebanon.
Although nuclear fuels have a very high concentration of energy per unit weight,
which greatly reduces the mass of fuel required at the power plant when compared to
conventional fuels, the proximity of large petroleum reserves in the Middle East, and
the existence of two major petroleum pipeline terminuses in Lebanon, greatly reduces
the advantage of low fuel-mass requirements of nuclear power plants. The availability
of atomic fuels during emergencies and the reliability of nuclear power during operation
are still questionable. Atomic fuel costs are unclear and uncertain, since fuel process-
ing costs are unknown. A comparison of fossil and nuclear fuel costs is highly speculative.
2/ Gibb, Sir Alexander, and Partners - The Economic Development of Lebanon -
Beirut, Lebanon, 1948.
3/ United Nations - Final Report of the United Nations Economic Survey Mis-
sion for the Middle East - Lake Success, New York, Dec. 28, 1949.
4/ United State Bureau of Reclamation - Development Plan for the Litani River
Basin - Beirut, Lebanon, June, 1954.
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Also, depreciation costs of the reactor portion of atomic power plants are unknown.
Rational analyses of nuclear power plant economics, including the determination of fixed
charges, operating costs, and fuel costs, must await improved cost estimating techniques
based upon proven experience. However, at the time it is necessary to design the ther-
mal power plants proposed in this report, sufficient information may be available to per-
mit a reasonable study of the economic possibilities of atomic power plants in Lebanon.
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The Nahr el Kelb rises in the western slopes of the Lebanon Mountains and flows
generally westward to enter the Mediterranean Sea about 11 kilometers northeast of
Beirut, Lebanon. Its drainage basin of about 260 square kilometers, is located in Cen-
tral Lebanon between 330 54' and 34? 03' North latitude and 35? 36' and 35? 55' East
longitude. This basin is all mountainous and is bordered on the north by the drainage
basin of the Nahr Ibrahim; on the east by that of the Nahr Litani; and on the south by the
Nahr Beirut Basin. The general location of this basin in Lebanon is shown on Plate I-1,
its principal streams and other drainage features on Plate II-1, and its condensed pro-
files on Plate 11-2.
Basin Description
The crest of the Lebanon Mountains forms the east rim of this basin for a dis-
tance of about 11 kilometers. The crest elevation of Jabal Sannine, a part of this range,
is 2,630 meters. The area drained by this stream is made up of steep-sided mountain
ridges of limestone and marl, separated by canyon-type valleys with narrow bottoms and
steep profiles.
The drainage pattern of the Nahr el Kelb is essentially dendritic with the main
river forming the stem and the Nahr es Salib, Nahr es Samm, Nahr Hassen and Ouadi
Hardoun forming the veins of the leaf.
Physiography
The Lebanon Mountains form the eastern boundary for the Nahr el Kelb Basin
and separate it from the Nahr Litani Basin. The mountainous section of the Kelb Basin
is made up of numerous ridges, or spurs, extending westward from the main crest line.
Between these ridges, the Nahr el Kelb and its tributaries have carved deep valleys and
narrow gorges. There is very little level, or near level, land in this basin. The central
part is underlain by the Jurassic series which has been elevated from sea level to its
present position since Mesozoic time and is generally known as the Jurassic horst.
Bordering this area, is a zone of Cretaceous formations and near the sea are Tertiary
deposits. Lava masses have extruded through faults and fissures around the edge of the
Jurassic horst. Much of this igneous material is basaltic in character, although some
of it is scoria and tuff.
Major faults extend laterally through the central part of this basin where the
Jurassic horst has occurred. One of these lies along, and approximately parallel to,
the course of the Nahr el Kelb from Nabaa Leben to the sea. A number of these faults
supply water to the large and small springs found in many places throughout the river
basin. A geologic reconnaissance of the entire basin was made as a part of this investiga-
tion.
The deep gorges and steeply eroded valleys of the Nahr el Kelb and its tributaries
have confined the proposed engineering development of the basin to the main stem of the
Nahr el Kelb and its most northerly tributary, the Nahr es Salib. The'Nahr es Samm
and the Nahr Hardoun were eliminated due to the intermittent character of the stream-
flow, and the lack of acceptable reservoir storage sites.
The engineering reconnaissance indicated that the maximum benefits in the ba-
sin, both from power and domestic water supply, could be achieved by development of
the Nahr el Kelb and the Nahr es Salib alone. These proposals are discussed more fully
under Section VI - POWER DEVELOPMENT. The geology of the basin is discussed in
Section IV - GEOLOGY.
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BASIN
/~unr Jam Jezzl~e
Zi A.._ _r /
PALESTINE
0'
Damour lw a"z-
Rachaya
10 0 10 20, 30
SCALE OF KILOMETERS
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE 'NTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
W4TER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
GENERAL LOCATION MAP
NAHR EL KE R BASIN
Roaibek
TR ) M.K RECOMMENOEODTT{/
CH APPROVER
BEIRUT, LF84NON JAN. //,1936 OA--I 6--_864
PLATE I-I
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 Zouk Mikael
,El Wafo Canal,
N4HR E I
p
Y ' ' - `Tahoun el Khour
Canal ;~Tamicht Power ,
Plant Pro Power Plant
B~eirut posed
WoMr~
Supply Div. Dam
,Hrach Power Plant
(Under Constructie
1, ; Jeito Spring
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COASTA- L
Bikfayo
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? Existing power plant
o Power plant proposed or under
construction
'... Basin boundary
RM
Average annual precipitation
Irrigated area
Precipitation station
NOTES
Quadrangle sheets, scale 1:50,000, prepared by
Institut Gdographique National, Minist6redes
Travaux Publics et des Transports, Paris, France,
were used to determine the basin boundary,
grids,ond stream net shown. Origin of grid
system located at 34?- 39' North Latitude
and 37 ?- 21' East Longitude with assumed
coordinates of x:+30okm,and Y:+ 30o km.
Boundaries of irrigated area were deter-
mined approximately by field reconnaissance.
Average annual precipitation shown by isohyetal
lines was determined by a country-wide study
with station values adjusted to average annual
values for period 1931 to 1952, inclusive. All
vorues are in millimeters.
See Drawing No. OA - 10 - 867 for plan of
existing power development .
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
GENERAL MAP
NA HR EL KEL B BASIN
DR.R.JH. DF.D__SU8MITTE
Cm, E1 ROVED
PLATE - II -I
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1800
800
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; ;
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10
1 700
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UNITED STATES
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OF
BUREAU
RECLAMATION
WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
CONDENSED PROFILE
NAHR
(
RJ?H?
SUBMITTED
DR
0
.
__
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a 12 1
3 14 1
5 16 1
7 18 1
9 20 21 2
2 23 24
TR.-A? ? ___RECOMMENDED
C APPROVED
D
ISTA NCE
IN KILOME
TERS ABO
VE MOUTH
BEIRUT, LEBANON JAN. 31,1956'
OA - I -847
PLATE a- 2
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In general, the soils of the Nahr el Kelb Basin consist largely of upland soils
developed from underlying limestone, with minor areas of alluvial soils located in the
ouadis. Upland soils are usually shallow, stony loams and clay loams, situated on mod-
erate to steep slopes. Surface drainage is good to excessive, depending on slope char-
acteristics. Extensive terracing has been accomplished on these lands in order to utilize
every square meter of tillable soil. Soil erosion has been active over the centuries, with
the result that large areas are almost barren masses of rock, with little soil or vegetal
cover. Uncultivated lands support a fair growth of drought resistant shrubs and trees.
Population
There are no published data available on population in the Nahr el Kelb Basin.
However, an approximation of the population in this basin has been determined by sam-
pling interviews in the villages of the area. This sampling indicates that there are 15
principal villages and several smaller villages in the basin. These villages have a total
wintertime population of about 43, 500, and a summertime population of about 74, 000.
Agriculture
Cultivation has been carried out in the Nahr el Kelb Basin since ancient times.
Even today agricultural methods are primitive. The land is generally plowed by ox team
with iron-shod wooden plows, or dug by hand. Harvesting of grain is commonly done
with a hand sickle, after which the unthreshed grain is loaded on camels, or donkeys,
and is taken to the village threshing floor. Threshing is accomplished by riding over
the grain with a flat wooden sled, the underside of which is imbedded with small stones
to cut the straw from the wheat or barley. Grain and chaff are separated by winnowing.
In contrast, it is not unusual to see an imported hand-operated or machine-
operated threshing machine, or a farmer plowing a field with a modern tractor and plow.
Modern methods are being slowly adopted. Joint efforts of American and Lebanese of-
ficials to establish experiment stations, demonstration farms, and an extension service
will hasten the acceptance of improved practices. Factors preventing the use of better
methods, such as poor land tenure status, or lack of adequate credit, are under study.
The solution of these problems will release the peasant from age-old bondage, and may
result in great increases in productivity.
Although the majority of the people lead an agrarian life, few actually live on
the land. Most of them live in small villages, from which they move to the fields in the
morning and to which they return at night. The farm house, constructed of stone or sun-
baked mud, combines living quarters and shelter for farm animals.
Livestock are of minor importance in the farm economy of the Nahr el Kelb
Basin. They include smallnumbers of goats, sheep, cattle, donkeys, and chickens.
Many stone-walled terraces have been constructed over the centuries on the
hilly mountainous lands of the Nahr el Kelb watershed. A number of these areas are
irrigated from springs. The principal crops grown in this section include deciduous
fruits (apples, pears, cherries, etc. ), vegetables, grains, and olives.
Manufacturing
Many small industries are located in the basin and in the adjacent coastal areas.
These industries consist mainly of wool, cotton and silk spinning and weaving mills,
processing plants for fruits, vegetables, olive oil and leather, manufacturing plants for
floor and roof tiles, concrete pipe, plumbing supply and fabricating plants for wood and
steel products. Most of these products are exported to other areas in Lebanon with a
small percentage being exported to other countries. Future industrial expansion in Leb-
anon will probably greatly increase these activities in the Nahr el Kelb Basin and adjacent
coastal areas.
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Electric Power Supply
There are three small hydroelectric generating plants, aggregating about 300
kilowatts in capacity, existing in the Nahr el Kelb Basin. These plants are used to supply
the coastal town ofJouniehand other villages in that area. A hydroelectric plant of
2, 000-kilowatts capacity is under construction near the Jeita Spring, and another plant
of 900-kilowatts capacity is planned to supply Bikfaya and other upland villages. Most
of the villages in the Nahr el Kelb Basin are now interconnected by a 5. 5-kilovolt trans-
mission system. This system has a 25-kilovolt interconnection with the municipal sys-
tem of the Electricity Company of Beirut. Indications are that demands for power in
this basin will increase at a rate considerably above the average for other rural areas
in Lebanon. It will be necessary to import power into this basin from the neighboring
Nahr Ibrahim Basin and the Beirut power system until such time as the proposed Nahr
el Kelb power development is well underway. After completion of the proposed Nahr el
Kelb development considerable amounts of power will be available for export to the Beirut
area.
Domestic Water Supply
The domestic water supply for the many villages in the Nahr el Kelb Basin, and
for several villages in adjacent basins to the north and south, is presently taken from
four main sources; Nabaa el Aassel, Nabaa Memboukh, Nabaa Jozat, and Jeita Spring.
Thirteen villages on the north side and 16 villages outside the basin (total summertime
population of 52, 934) are supplied with water from Nabaa el Aassel. An additional 25
villages on the south side and 16 villages outside the basin (total summertime population
of 61, 274) receive water from both Nabaa el Aassel and Nabaa Memboukh. Six small
villages (total population of 2, 626) are supplied by Nabaa Jozat. Beirut, the capital city
of Lebanon, and several coastal villages (total population of 500, 000 to 600, 000) are
supplied by water from Jeita Spring.
An extensive network of pipes and canals is required to carry the water from
these springs to the many villages they serve. Plate VII-1, Section VII - DOMESTIC
WATER SUPPLY, shows the existing water supply systems and the location of several
of the larger springs.
Two large water supply projects which will take water from Jeita Spring and
Nabaa Jamajeme are now under construction. The two projects, scheduled for comple-
tion before or in early summer 1956, will more than double the amount of water that is
now available for domestic water supply in the Meten district. Plate VII-2, Section VII;
shows the four water supply systems that will serve the villages in the Nahr el Kelb
basin after the completion of projects now under construction.
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Lebanon is on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, between 330 and 350
North latitude and has a present-day climate of the Mediterranean type. This is moder-
ately cold, windy, and wet in winter and warm and dry in summer and fall. The coastal
area is semi-tropical, but the mountain slopes and interior valleys are cooler, with
frost and snow occuring during the winter in the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains.
The climate in the Nahr el Kelb Basin is classed as "wet" during the months of December,
January, and February; as "humid" during March and November; "semi-humid" during
April; and as "arid" from May through October. Snow and frost occur. at the higher ele-
vations between November and April, and each year snow remains on the ground in the
headwater areas until July or August.
Wind records, including direction, velocity, and wind-kilometers traveled,
have been maintained at Beirut since about 1920. Wind observations include direction
and force on the Beaufort Scale for each of the eight principal points of the compass,
and total kilometers of wind movement per day. These data are published in the "Monthly
Bulletin" of the Observatory of the American University of Beirut. These data are in-
dicative of the wind that occurs in the western section of the Nahr el Kelb Basin.
In 1952 a recording anemometer was installed at the College of Machmouche as
a part of the Litani River Basin Investigations. This station is about 900 meters above
sea level and is on the coastal side of the Lebanon Mountains. It is located about 45
kilometers southwest of the Nahr el Kelb Basin, but its wind records are indicative of
wind conditions to be expected over the mountain section of this basin. The anemometer
at Machmouche does not record wind velocity, and the maximum velocities attained each
year at Beirut are not published. It is estimated however, that the maximum velocity
to be expected in the Nahr el Kelb Basin will not exceed 50 meters per second. The
storage reservoir proposed for this basin will be relatively short. Since wind set-up
and wind wave heights will not be major design consideration, they have not been deter-
mined.
Temperature
Beirut is about 15 kilometers southwest of the centroid of the Nahr el Kelb Ba-
sin (See Plate I-1), but it is the nearest point where temperatures are recorded. Tem-
perature extremes at Beirut, for the years 1924 through 1953, are shown on Table III-1.
Average monthly temperatures at this station for the same period, are shown in Table
111-2. These temperatures are representative of the coastal plain section of the Nahr el
Kelb Basin. They should be decreased by about 60 C. for each 1, 000 meters of increase
in elevation, to be representative of the mountain section of the basin. During the period
1924 through 1953, the maximum daily temperature at Beirut was 43. 2? C. on May 10,
1941; the minimum was 00 C. on January 3, 1942. Beirut mean monthly temperatures
have ranged from 13.90 C. in January to 29. 10 C. in August, with a yearly mean tem-
perature of 21.6? C.
Humidity
Humidity is relatively high throughout the year in the coastal section of Lebanon.
In winter this high humidity results from the action of Atlantic, or Mediterranean, cy-
clonic disturbances transporting large amounts of moisture from such bodies of water to
Lebanon. In summer the short passage of the monsoonal air over the eastern Mediter-
ranean saturates its lower layers sufficiently to maintain high coastal humidity, but not
enough to produce precipitation in the mountain areas. This high humidity results in
frequent heavy dew which distinctly benefits vegetation in the coastal area.
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TABLE III - i
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES
BEIRUT - LEBANON
(All values in Degrees - Centigrade)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
Year :
January :
February :
March
April
May
June
July
August
September :
October
November :
December :
: Max. : Min. . Max. : Min. :
Max. : Min. . Max. : Min. . Max. : Min. : Max. : Min. . Max. : Min. : Max. : Min.: Max. : Min. :
Max. : Min. : Max. : Min.
Max. : Min.
1924
20.4
7.9
22.9
6.7
27.9
9.7
33.4
12.5
27.5
15.6
29.8
19.4
31.7
22.1
32.2
22.8
31.8
21.5
30.7
15.7
27.0
11.4
21.2
5.1
1925
17.3
3.8
25.8
6.7
32.6
10.1
26.4
7.4
34.2
14.6
29.3
17.2
31.5
20.1
31.9
22.8
31.8
21.3
30.3
18.0
28.4
14.6
22.9
8.4
1926
19.4
8.9
20.5
8.7
24.6
10.4
30.9
9.6
33.1
14.8
33.5
18.7
31.9
21.3
31.5
21.5
31.2
20.2
30.1
17.8
28.4
15.0
24.6
10.1
1927
19.9
9.1
20.6
3.9
28.7
10.4
26.7
10.6
33.2
15.1
31.8
20.1
33.3
21.1
32.9
23.3
31.7
22.6
30.0
17.1
29.2
11.1
21.0
9.1
1928
20.8
7.9
22.8
3.9
29.1
4.2
37.7
12.6
36.2
16.7
31.6
18.3
32.8
22.2
33.7
23.6
32.0
22.1
30.9
16.1
28.7
12.4
24.4
7.8
1929
19.3
4.3
22.1
1.6
24.2
7.8
28.7
10.1
35.6
16.1
31.9
18.7
32.7
21.1
33.9
22.3
33.9
20.8
30.2
16.9
26.4
11.7
20.6
9.2
1930
18.8
8.6
21.6
8.4
27.2
9.4
31.0
11.4
33.3
15.3
33.9
19.7
33.6
21.7
35.1
22.7
33.3
20.5
30.6
19.0
26.1
13.2
22.8
11.3
1931
22.7
6.6
20.5
9.2
28.4
6.2
28.4
11.8
34.3
14.3
32.2
19.3
33.9
21.1
33.7
23.3
38.8
19.9
30.1
17.8
25.1
11.0
22.2
7.4
1932
19.2
6.8
27.3
1.0
25.9
7.9
31.7
10.5
32.1
12.9
32.3
19.0
34.3
20.1
34.3
21.8
32.4
21.1
30.8
20.4
31.0
12.2
22.1
8.1
1933
20.2
6.3
24.9
8.4
23.0
8.0
24.9
9.8
28.7
15.6
36.1
17.2
31.3
20.1
37.1
21.4
30.7
18.9
28.3
16.4
26.9
13.8
23.3
5.2
1934
22.1
5.6
23.2
4.7
26.7
10.5
26.9
12.9
28.2
15.6
33.5
18.4
34.2
21.2
34.4
22.9
32.8
20.6
30.1
18.5
25.9
18.2
21.5
10.7
1935
24.1
8.5
26.7
5.8
26.0
10.8
32.8
11.8
38.5
15.9
32.8
21.5
34.4
21.8
34.0
21.2
32.9
17.8
30.1
16.0
24.9
11.6
21.2
11.3
1936
21.3
11.1
22.7
7.8
26.0
9.7
37.3
12.3
33.3
16.3
31.6
18.6
34.8
21.3
34.6
23.3
33.2
20.6
33.6
19.1
28.5
9.9
22.1
5.3
1937
22.1
5.7
21.1
9.4
23.3
10.9
33.1
13.5
31.8
14.1
31.8
18.4
33.1
22.6
33.8
22.9
33.1
22.2
38.1
15.3
26.4
13.8
26.4,
10.8
1938
23.5
8.2
19.1
4.4
22.4
6.6
30.9
10.8
32.6
14.6
31.5
19.5
33.7
22.2
35.0
23.7
33.6
19.3
30.4
17.7
27.5
10.6
22.9
10.2
1939
18.3
8.3
20.0
8.3
23.6
6.4
37.8
11.7
34.2
15.3
33.2
15.6
34.4
21.8
34.3
21.8
34.2
21.8
33.1
19.4
25.8
10.6
23.8
9.1
1940
19.5
5.5
19.8
8.5
29.5
8.0
32.5
10.6
38.5
13.6
34.8
12.8
34.2
20.2
34.0
20.8
33.6
20.5
34.0
15.6
27.7
11.2
21.9
8.5
1941
23.2
8.6
24.5
8.9
27.1
8.7
30.6
11.0
43.2
16.5
33.0
19.9
33.2
22.0
34.6
22.8
22.8
19.4
30.0
17.7
30.0
12.7
19.8
8.9
1942
23.1
0.0
27.0
9.4
27.5
5.9
28.3
12.6
37.0
16.7
40.7
20.1
34.8
21.2
34.2
22.7
32.7
21.1
33.4
16.4
26.1
12.4
21.2
11.6
1943
21.4
5.8
21.1
5.9
23.4
2.3
27.8
8.4
32.5
15.5
32.0
16.8
33.2
21.7
33.7
22.8
36.8
22.3
36.4
17,2
28.2
16.9
23.3
11.2
1944
22.8
7.1
27.4
7.8
28.4
8.9
32.1
10.7
28.9
13.7
34.3
18.4
33.7
22.3
34.4
22.4
33.0
17.8
30.6
18.3
27.2
12.5
21.1
10.7
1945
19.4
7.2
19.1
6.8
26.2
6.3
27.3
12.2
34.0
15.3
33.9
19.4
36.6
21.7
35.6
22.9
34.8
21.2
29.9
17.8
27.2
10.7
23.1
10.2
1946
18.3
7.4
20.1
6.2
25.6
9.1
27.6
9.6
30.9
15.3
32.8
19.8
36.0
22.8
35.1
21.2
37.1
20.1
34.8
16.9
27.9
15.7
24.6
10.7
1947
18.9
9.7
23.8
10.6
28.8
10.7
33.9
11.2
32.1
16.1
34.2
19.6
36.0
23.3
35.3
23.7
34.2
22.4
31.2
14.2
26.8
12.9
25.4
9.0
1948
24.1
8.7
20.2
2.7
27.4
6.2
29.3
10.1
30.8
14.6
33.7
18.4
32.9
21.7
33.7
22.5
32.5
21.4
29.4
13.9
28.2
8.3
19.7
6.1
1949
18.1
6.1
18.7
1.7
27.2
6.5
23.3
7.4
35.5
16.1
31.6
17.9
32.9
21.1
33.1
21.4
32.8
18.3
30.1
17.4
30.2
15.7
23.3
9.0
1950
21.7
1.5
21.8
0.6
27.4
10.0
36.0
10.5
31.9
15.0
32.1
19.4
32.5
22.2
32.8
22.2
33.8
21.4
30.4
16.2
25.0
13.6
23.1
11.8
1951
21.0
7.8
20.0
9.9
31.8
10.2
29.5
12.2
34.1
16.8
31.6
20.3
33.2
23.0
33.7
23.6
33.6
21.6
32.1
11.7
26.6
11.3
20.7
5.4
1952
19.2
5.2
23.1
7.2
25.7
8.2
29.6
7.6
31.7
15.7
36.7
18.8
33.4
21.4
35.6
23.2
33.5
23.3
30.2
20.0
26.1
14.4
26.4
10.7
1953
24.3
6.8
24.5
5.6
24.0
5.6
25.1
10.8
33.7
15.0
31.3
19.4
34.8
22.2
33.8
22.5
32.4
20.6
31.2
18.3
29.8
6.4
21.9
5.6
Extremes
in Period
24.3
0.0
27.4
0.6
32.6
2.3
37.8
7.4
43.2
12.9
40.7
12.8
36.6
20.1
37.1
20.8
38.8
17.8
38.1
11.7
31.0
6.4
26,4
5.1
Note;
Data shown are for the American University at Beirut and were taken from Monthly Bulletins, Republic of Lebanon Climatological Service.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06121: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
TABLE - III - 2
AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE
BEIRUT - LEBANON
(All values in Degrees - Centigrade)
Year ; Jan.
Feb. :
Mar. :
Apr.
May :
June
July :
Aug. :
Sep. :
Oct. :
Nov. :
Dec. :
MEAN
1924 14.10
14.50
16.90
19.50
22.20
26.08
28.22
28.66
27.77
24.55
19.84
15.11
21.45
1925 12.13
14.74
18.23
17.94
22.22
23.05
27.21
28.41
27.39
24.91
21.73
17.09
21.25
1926 14.40
14.49
16.09
19.60
23.08
26.05
27.80
27.40
26.86
24.21
21.01
16.48
21.46
1927 15.01
12.97
17.12
18.50
23.60
26.70
29.36
29.00
27.90
25.15
21.13
16.14
21.88
1928 14.99
13.42
15.26
21.20
24.33
26.27
28.58
29.29
28.01
24.62
20.80
16.35
21.93
1929 12.98
13.12
15.50
18.44
23.98
25.96
28.10
29.06
27.33
24.19
20.96
15.58
21.27
1930 13.61
14.84
17.30
20.01
22.70
26.51
28.66
29.23
27.97
25.02
20.42
17.49
21.99
1931 14.89
14.60
17.03
19.28
22.58
26.14
29.31
29.63
28.60
24.82
18.78
15.00
21.72
1932 12.90
14.28
16.35
18.56
21.72
25.75
28.08
29.03
27.41
25.96
20.38
14.96
21.28
1933 13.42
15.32
15.79
17.51
22.23
25.05
26.98
27.94
26.23
23.43
21.35
15.60
20.90
1934 13.56
12.50
17.67
19.86
22.98
26.49
28.47
29.44
27.75
24.99
21.24
15.81
21.73
1935 14.72
14.34
17.07
19.46
25.41
28.16
28.66
29.13
28.14
24.76
18.57
16.52
22.08
1936 15.56
15.12
17.49
20.39
22.85
25.66
28.59
29.88
27.36
24.99
20.37
14.42
21.90
1937 12.20
15.34
17.63
20.55
23.05
26.37
28.68
29.29
28.33
24.98
20.54
16.76
21.98
1938 13.77
13.35
14.48
19.14
22.18
26.02
29.01
29.86
27.70
24.65
18.33
15.85
21.19
1939 14.30
14.12
15.60
19.93
24.03
25.46
28.90
29.47
28.10
26.11
19.64
16.62
21.86
1940 14.62
15.33
16.97
20.39
22.99
26.15
28.12
28.55
26.89
24.72
19.53
16.44
21.72
1941 15.68
15.98
16.33
20.41
25.23
26.99
28.49
29.17
26.79
22.64
19.75
13.88
21.78
1942 12.31
14.60
16.11
19.17
23.55
27.51
28.84
28.63
26.60
22.97
19.56
15.97
22.15
1943 12.90
12.79
14.01
17.04
22.42
25.18
28.00
28.98
27.74
25.25
21.88
17.02
21.10
1944 13.61
14.73
16.80
19.66
21.87
26.47
28.50
28.38
26:81
24.48
19.20
16.09
21.38
1945 14.04
13.54
14.82
18.64
23.76
27.11
29.85
29.98
28.34
23.62
20.32
15.52
21.63
1946 14.16
13.87
15.91
19.57
22.46
26.43
29.10
30.04
28.46
24.73
21.88
16.87
21.96
1947 13.79
15.52
18.07
20.55
23.90
26.84
29.20
29.65
27.56
24.31
19.88
17.51
22.23
1948 15.49
14.16
13.66
18.54
22.26
26.15
28.31
28.74
27.14
23.72
19.21
13.65
20.92
1949 12.51
11.63
15.30
16.13
23.61
26.04
27.89
28.44
26.24
23.98
21.79
16.12
20.81
1950 12.18
12.64
16.18
21.54
22.40
26.61
28.59
28.65
27.98
23.76
19.88
17.32
21.48
1951 14.86
15.15
17.93
20.14
23.19
26.45
28.84
29.40
28.36
23.39
19.01
14.21
21.74
1952 13.85
14.67
15.50
19.16
22.70
25.90
25.05
29.59
29.13
25.11
19.94
17.43
21.50
1953 14.64
14.71
13.31
18.60
22.34
26.36
29.08
29.50
26.09
24.30
17.40
13.39
20.81
Mean Monthly 13.91
14.21
16.21
19.31
23.06
26.20
28.42
29.08
27.56
24.47
20.14
15.91
21.56
Max. Monthly 15.68
15.98
18.23
21.54
25.23
28.16
29.85
30.04
29.13
26.11
21.88
17.51
22.23
Minimum
Monthly 12.13
11.63
13.31
16.13
21.72
23.05
25.05
27.40
26.09
22.64
17.40
13.39
-20,11
Note:
Data shown are for American University at Beirut and were taken from Monthly "Bulletins Republic of Lebanon Climatological Service.
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TABLI III -- 3
RRtATIT' HUMIDITY - BRIMM
A?IREtICAIU UYITVRSITT CSSXRVATORT
(All values in percent)
Feb
Oct
Aver
1948
77.7
69.1
71.1
72.6
70.9
69.9 66.5
66.0
59.1
63.9
70.4
75.3
69.4
1939
75.0
72.5
72.3
72.7
69.1
68.2 65.6
60.4
64.2
66.7
67.3
72.4
68.9
1940
73.7
75.3
67.5
71.6
66.3
66.1 68.0
63.9
66.0
69.0
70.2
72.1
69.1
1941
71.9
73.0
74.5
70.0
64.6
64.1 66.1
66.1
64.7
66.9
70.3
74.4
69.0
1942
'75.5
75.0
77.7
75.9
73.3
68.2 67.5
70.2
68.4
74.4
76.6
7'x.2
73.0
1943
'18.7
77.7
74.6
78.1
73.5
71.2 70.3
71.4
66,4
71.3
72.6
75.5
i}.
1944
72.9
71.9
74.4
75.7
74.3
71.8 67.3
67.9
69.5
69.9
74.7
71.8
71.8
1945
70.3
70.2
66.4
68.5
72.1
65.1 63.6
64.8
64.0
61.7
67.0
68.5
66.9
1946
68.5
71.4
75.8
77.5
73.5
71.0 68.6
68.9
71.6
70.5
76.9
79.2
72.6
1947
$:4,1
80.7
80.9
78.2
78.9
73.3 63.8
66.2
66.3
69.9
74.7
72.6
74.1
1948
76.7
78.3
80.6
83.4
84.5
70.7 71.4
75.4
83.6
81.4
81.4
82.2
79.1
1949
79.9
81.7
77.2
84.5
82.9
82.3 80.3
67.5
69.7
74.9
69.0
74.0
77.0
1950
67.2
68.9
70.8
66.3
72.0
66.5 66.8
65.2
66.1
63.8
72.5
68.3
67.9
1951
63.6
67.3
71.0
69.0
70.9
73.0 67,2
72.0
71.0
63.0
62.0
67.0
68.1
1952
78.6
73.4
68.3
67.7
66.4
75.0 72.0
73.0
71.0
66.0
60.0
57.0
69.0
1953
b
68.0
66.9
70.
68.7
62= 6s3
64.9
61j5
63.4
66.7
66.0
66.5
.__
_
Aver.
73.7
73.5
73.0
73.9
70.3
700 68.3
67.7
67.7
69.6
70.7
71.8
71.0
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The Lebanon Mountains form an effective barrier which prevents much of this
moist air in summer from escaping into the interior, hence the lower summer humidity
in interior areas. The orographic action of this barrier causes much of the winter mois-
ture to precipitate on the western side and just over the crest of these mountains. Enough
moisture is carried over to create high winter humidity throughout Lebanon.
Relative humidity records have been maintained for a number of years at the
American University of Beirut. Short records are available at other stations. Table
111-3 shows the mean monthly values at Beirut for the period 1938 through 1953. These
are believed to be representative of the humidity to be expected in the Nahr el Kelb Ba-
sin.
Precipitation
Precipitation stations at Qlayaat, Bikfaya, and Qornet Chahouane are in the Nahr
el Kelb Basin; other stations at Reyfoun, Ghosta, Zouk Mikael, and Kaa er Rime are in
the vicinity of this basin. The locations of these stations are shown on Plate III-1.
Table 111-4 shows a comparison of precipitation records at these stations and at Beirut,
12 kilometers southwest of the western end of the Nahr el Kelb Basin.
Period of
Average Annual
Precipitation
Station
Elevation
Record
Recorded
dusted
meters
years
(mm)
(mm)
Qlayaat
1050
1944-1955
1226
1145
Bikfaya
900
1948-1955
1377
1229
Qornet Chahouane
670
1949-1955
910
905
Reyfoun
1050
1949-1955
1276
1341
Ghosta
750
1948-1955
1346
1204
Zouk Mikael
80
1949-1955
1003
939
Kaa er Rime
1250
1940-1955
1240
1184
Beirut
34
1876-1955
882
882
Daily precipitation recorded at these stations during the period, with the excep-
tion of that at Beirut, is published in the "Monthly Bulletin" of the Climatological Service.
Precipitation records for Beirut are published in the "Monthly Bulletin" of the Observa-
tory at the American University at Beirut. Monthly and yearly totals of the precipitation
recorded at the stations in the Nahr el Kelb Basin are shown on Tables 111-5 to 111-7.
Average annual isohyetals were prepared for Lebanon, based on records for the
period 1931 to 1952. All short-term stations were adjusted to the average for the longer
term stations at Tripoli, Beirut, and Ksara. Average annual isohyetals for the Nahr el
Kelb Basin are shown on Plate II-1. They indicate that the average annual precipitation
over this basin is about 1285 millimeters.
Additional automatic rainfall stations at Ferraya and Beskinta, as well as two
snow survey courses, are proposed for the Nahr el Kelb Basin. These are included in
a general plan proposed for additional hydrologic data collection throughout Lebanon.
Tentative locations for these stations are shown on Plate III-1. The need for these sta-
tions is discussed in Section IV - ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS NECESSARY.
Evaporation
Investigations for the Development Plan for the Litani River Basin41 included a
careful analysis of available evaporation data for Lebanon. The values shown in Table
111-8 were determined for expected monthly evaporation from the proposed Bisri Reser-
voir. These have been assumed to be applicable to any reservoirs that may be planned
in the Nahr el Kelb Basin.
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TABLE 111-5
t4DNTHLY PR* IPITAT ION
QLAYAAT - LRBANON
Altitude - 1075 meters
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
: . . .
Year
Sept. .
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
: May
. June July . Aug.
Total
1944-45
0
54
280
183
304
209
144
64
13
3/
8
0
0
1259
1915-46
0
17
112
218
142
329
256
17
169
0
0
0
1260
1946-47
7
48
3
114
461
176
44
59
84
8
0
0
1004
1947-48
23
25
189
80
243
266
236
115
67
0
0
0
1244
1948-49
7
11
230
265
266
350
275
150
0
0
0
0
1554
1949-50
36
5
1/
34
262
465
61
82
40
104
0
0
0
1089
1950-51
27
99
93
220
167
195
79
123
14
0
0
0
1017
1951-52
8
121
135
392
129
271
232
54
2
0
0
0
1344
1952-53
0
16
137
174
245
326
284
59
9
0
0
0
1250
1953-54
3
0
248
148
319
284
log
119
6
0
0
0
1236
Aver.
1944-54
10
40
146
206
274
247
174
80
47
0
0
0
1226
1/ astiaated from corrolation with record at Zouk Mikhayel
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TABLE 111-6
MDWI1LT PRl4CIPITATION
B IEFATA - LEBANON
Altitude - 900 meters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
Year .
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec. .
Jan.
Feb. .
Mar. .
Apr.
Ma4y . June
July ; Aug. .
Total
1948-49
3
21
279
282
313
433
276
167
0
0
0
0
1774
1949-50
36
0
31
240
290
146
173
43
149
1
0
0
1109
1950-51
11
138
68
248
188
132
92
112
7
0
0
0
996
1951-52
11
95
149
386
164
308
240
76
2
0
0
0
1431
1952-53
1
39
197
182
329
350
354
73
9
0
0
0
1534
1953-54
4
1
282
159
361
364
114
124
10
0
0
0
1419
Aver.
1948-54
11
49
168
249
274
289
208
99
29
0
0
0
1377
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TABLE 111-7
AORN77' CNABOUA1 - LEBANON
Altitude - 670.meters
Year
Sept.
Oct.
Nov. :
Dec. :
Jan. :
.
Mar. : Anr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Total
1949-50
21
0
11
205
261
52
48
21
123
0
0
742
1950-51
12
133
59
208
135
108
79
94
5
0
0
833
1951-52
5
55
144
274
115
235
159
54
4
0
0
1045
1952-53
1
22
182
102
201
229
222
25
7
0
0
991
1953-54
1
3
225
113
236
176
68
105
19
0
0
946
Aver.
1949-54
8
43
124
180
190
160
115
60
31
0
0
0
910
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TABLE III - 9
MON1"ILY DISCFARGRS
HAHR EL KF!i AT EL MOT$AnA
(Millions of (-ubic meters)
1950 31.23
1951 30.4'1
1954 32.33
1953 19.80
1954 66.12
1955 10.15
Mar. Apr. May June
68.27 57.02 55.80 ^4.82
18.01 38.88 26.60 15.47 11.16
23.28 19.12 24.21 13.53 10.86
65.62 55.42 35.36 16.47 12.08
50.02 58.42 58.15 30.34 22.13
67.34 64.32 62.99 41.72 32.15
21.63 38.61 31.58 16.04 8.66
July Aug. Sept.
14.44 6.93
6.43 3.80
3.88 3.07
9.54 4.15
12.22 3.78
32.01 5.03
3.96 2.94
4.01 3.81
3.14 4.23
?.68 3.17
3.41
3.27
4.27
3.46 3.22 5.29
3.21 3.17 9.74
3.19 2.90 3.15
2.82 2.34
8.06
15.80
27.37
10.90
18.12
178.02
165.91
253.84
289.10
9.48 390.40
Average 31.68 40.98
49.00 42.27 27.05 17.41 11.78 4.25 3.21 3.26 4.86 14.96 250.71
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TABLE III - 10
DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS OF NAHR EL KELB AT EL MOKHADA, LEBANON
In cubic meters per second
Measuring Sect-bon
Discharge
Measurement na sat on
Pleas. :
Date of
Gage :
El-Wata
River Small r-
I) a ye ma r- .
Total Corresp.to
Applied gage: Percentage
No. :
Measurement
Height
Canal-Rt.
Channel rig.Canal
Water Supp.:rig. Canal .
Discharge : Gage Height
: height shift: difference
(Meters) :
Bank
. Lt.Bank :
Canal :Lt. Bank :
: of Recorder
: (Meters) : from rating
cif
Q2 C3 :
t?4
CS
Q Q - Ql
able
1
June 16,1949
0.445
0.780
(Not measured) 2.690
(Not measured)
2
June 17,1949
0.46
0.929 J
8.018
2.526
11.473 10.544
+.08
-1.1
3
Aug. 12,1949
0.34
0.814
2.901
4
Oct. 8,1949
0.035
1.815
0.494
5
Apr. 21,1950
0.54 J
0.373
9.411
-
2.685
12.469 12.096
-
+8.2
6
July 7,1952
0.48
0.877 J_
1.828
0.026
2.652
.000
5.383 4.506
-.09
+3.2
7
Nov. 22,1952
-0.02
0.508
0.000
0.000
1.266
.000
1.774 1.266
-
0
8
June 2,1953
0.54 J
0.645
(Not Pleas)
0.026
2.693
(Not measured)
-
9
June 2,1953
0.54
8.599
11.963
11.318
-
+1.3
10
June 30,1953
0.535
1.000
6.150 J
0.000
7.150
6.150
-.09
+0.8
11
July 28,1953
0.455
0.750
2.470
3.220
2.470
-.14
+0.4
12
Oct. 17,1953
-0.17
0.696
0.000
0.000
1.191 .002
1.885
1.193
+.10
0
13
Nov. 4,1953
-0.17
0.718
0.000
0.000
1.203 .034
1.887
1.203
+.11
0
14
Apr. 19,1954
0.74
0.464
18.715
-
2.634
21.813
21.349
-0.7
15
Oct. 21,1954
-0.10 ;,3/
0.765
-
-
1.053
1.818
1.053
-.06
-0.9
16
Nov. 17 1954
-0.11 .J
0.67
-
-
01.98
1.65
0.98
-.10
-1.0
17
Dec. 2091954
0.08 J
0.45
-
-
1.43
1.88
1.43
-0.7
18
Jan. 19,1955
0.38
0.55
0.55
3.59
3.04
-.04
+0.7
19
Mar. 2,1955
0.345
0.53
4.03
4.56
4.03
+.04
-1.0
20
Mar. 23,1955
0.59
0.504
11.39
-
2.476
14.370
13.866
+0.7
21
Apr. 7,1955
0.52
0.55
8.24
-
2.58
11.37
10.82
+6.7
22
May 11,1955
0.48
0.65
5.82
-
1.24
7.71
7.06
-.02
+0.6
23
June 13,1955
0.465
1.04
3.74
4.78
3.74
-.09
-1.1
24
July 11,1955
0.188
0.91
1.69
2.60
1.69
+2.4
25
Aug. 11,1955
-0.14
0.75
1.08
1.83
1.08
0
26
Sept.16,1955
-0.16
0.66
-
1.18
1.84
1.18
+.08
+0.9
27
Oct.
6,1955
-0.256
0.79
0.87
1.66
0.87
-.04
0
28
Oct.
18,1955
-0.262
0.77
0.86
1.63
0.86
-.05
0
29
Nov.
8,1955
0.045
0.493
1.166
1.659
1.166
-.12
0
J 0.929 is max. discharge of
canal upstream from spillway.
J Power supply canal above
the power plant.
J Gage Height from recorder chart
Max. canal discharge below
spillway.
Measured 200 meters aboveKelb Cafe.
Measurement above diversion dam.
J Gage height estimated - recorder stopped.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILT DISCHARGE OF NAHR EL KELB AT EL MOKHADA, LEBANON
CALENDAR YEAR 1949
Da'
Jan.
Feb. :
Mar.
Apr. :
May
June :
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov. s
Dec.
1
12.2
31.4
29.3
11.7
8.06
4.07
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
2
11.7
26.7
28.8
11.7
7.54
3.78
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
3
13.8
23.1
27.2
11.2
7.02
3.78
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
4
15.8
73.6
26.2
12.2
8.06
3.26
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
5
15.3
21.0
25.2
12.7
7.02
3.02
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
6
13.8
19.0
23.6
11.7
6.9
3.02
1.7
1.44
1.4
1.2
7
12.2
16.9
23.6
11.2
6.8
3.51
1.6
1.44
1.3
1.2
8
12.2
15.3
24.6
10.1
6.6
3.26
1.6
1.44
1.3
1.2
9
13.3
15.3
29.3
10.1
6.3
3.26
1.6
1.44
1.3
1.2
10
12.2
18.4
30.8
10.1
6.2
3.51
1.6
1.44
1.3
1.2
11
11.7
20.0
28.3
10.1
6.0
3.26
1.6
1.44
1.3
1.2
12
19.5
20.5
27.7
10.1
5.8
* 3.02
1.6
1.42
1.3
1.2
13
24.6
18.4
24.1
10.1
5.7
2.80
1.6
1.42
1.3
1.2
14
18.4
19.0
22.6
9.10
5.5
2.61
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
15
15.8
21.0
22.6
9.62
5.3
2.61
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
16
16.4
26.2
20.5
10.1
5.2
2.46
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
17
17.9
22.1
20.5
* 9.62
5.0
2.46
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
18
20.5
21.0
21.0
9.10
4.8
2.10
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
19
20.0
21.0
20.0
8.58
4.7
1.92
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
20
19.5
21.5
17.9
8.58
4.6
2.00
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.20
21
11.7
24.6
20.0
16.9
7.54
4.4
2.00
1.5
1.42
1.3
1.24
22
11.7
32.9
19.0
15.3
8.58
4.3
2.10
1.44
1.4
1.3
1.27
23
11.2
56.8
19.0
14.8
9.62
4.2
2.10
1.44
1.4
1.3
1.27
24
12.7
35.0
20.5
14.3
9.62
4.0
1.85
1.44
1.4
1.3
1.27
25
13.3
32.4
22.6
14.3
8.06
3.9
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.3
1.28
26
13.8
26.7
24.6
14.3
7.54
3.78
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.3
1.69
27
15.8
31.4
24.6
13.3
7.02
3.78
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.3
12.7
28
13.3
61.7
24.6
12.7
6.54
3.78
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.3
24.1
29
-
54.7
29.8
12.7
7.02
4.07
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.3
14.8
30
-
76.5
33.9
11.7
8.06
3.78
1.8
1.44
1.4
1.2
6.10
31
-
40.7
-
11.7
4.07
1.7
-
1.4
-
3.51
Total
(21-28)
103.5
790.2
660.0
645.8
287.30
167.16
80.26
46.36
44.04
39.5
93.23
Mean
(21-28)
12.94
25.49
22.00
20.83
9.58
5.39
2.59
1.55
1.42
1.32
3.01
.3x106
(21-28)
8.94
68.27
57.02
55.80
24.82
14.44
6.93
4.01
3.81
3.41
8.06
Note: No gage-height record July 6-25, Aug. 25 to Sept. 21, Oct. 22 to Dec. 13; discharge estimated
on basis of records for station on Nahr Ibrahim at Bazhal, recorded range in stage and weather
records.
Shifting-control method used May 12 to July 5, July 26 to Aug. 8, 16.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILT DISCHARGts OF NAHR EL KELB AT SL MOKHADA, LEBANON
CALENDAR TEAR 1950
s
:
i
--
t -
Day s
Jan.
Feb. :
Mar, s
Apr.
s May
: June
July
: Aug,
Sept. :
Oct.
Noy
: Dec.
1
3.02
6.54
11.7
11.7
7.54
5.00
3.51
1.47
1.3
1.1
1.19
1.51
2
7.02
9.10
20.5
12.2
6.10
5.34
4.37
1.47
1.3
1.10
1.20
1.35
3
17.4
8.06
20.5
15.8
6.10
5.34
4.07
1.47
1.3
1.1
1.20
1.33
4
12.7
7.54
31.4
20.5
6.54
5.00
3.51
1.47
1.3
1.1
1.20
1.49
5
36.1
7.02
40.7
14.8
9.62
4.68
3.26
1.47
1.3
1.1
1.22
2.33
6
18.4
5.70
22.6
12.2
9.62
4.07
3.26
1.45
1.3
1.1
1.20
1.80
7
7.02
5.00
24.6
10.1
6.10
3.78
3.26
1.45
1.3
1.1
1.22
1.61
8
7.02
4.68
17.4
7.54
5.34
3.78
3.02
1.45
1.3
2.10
1.20
1.57
9
5.34
4.68
12.7
7.02
5.00
3.78
3.26
1.45
1.3
1.2
1.22
1.51
10
4.07
4.68
22.1
6.10
4.37
4.07
3.26
1.45
1.3
1.1
1.22
1.51
11
3.51
4.68
22.6
10.7
6.10
5.00
3.26
1.45
1.2
1.1
1.22
1.45
12
32.4
4.68
16.9
12.7
8.06
5.00
3.51
1.44
1.2
1.1
1.22
1.38
13
24.6
5.00
13.8
8.58
9.10
5.00
2.80
1.44
1.2
1.1
1.20
1.33
14
15.3
5.34
11.7
7.02
6.10
5.34
2.10
1.42
1.2
1.1
1.20
1.33
15
9.10
5.70
11.2
7.02
5.34
4.68
2.00
1.42
1.2
1.1
1.22
1.32
16
6.10
5.70
10.7
7.54
5.00
4.37
1.92
1.42
1.2
1.1
1.24
1.30
17
4.68
5.70
10.1
8.06
5.34
3.78
1.80
1.42
1.2
1.1
1.42
1.30
18
3.78
5.70
10.1
10.1
5.34
3.78
1.69
1.42
1.2
1.1
1.53
1.30
19
4.07
6.54
8.58
11.7
6.10
3.78
1.65
1.44
1.2
1.1
1.45
1.32
20
4.37
7.02
7.54
11.7
6.10
4.07
1.63
1.44
1.2
1.1
1.33
1.30
21
7.02
10.1
7.02
?11.2
5.00
4.07
1.57
1.40
1.2
1.1
1.30
1.30
22
25.7
14.3
6.54
10.7
4.68
4.37
1.59
1.40
1.2
9.10
1.30
1.30
23
19.5
12.2
6.10
10.1
4.07
4.07
1.61
1.40
1.2
4.68
1.28
1.32
24
24.6
12.7
6.10
10.7
3.78
4.07
1.80
1.4
1.2
1.76
1.27
1.33
25
16.9
11.7
7.54
10.7
3.78
3.78
1.55
1.4
1.1
1.63
1.27
1.47
26
11.7
10.7
8.58
9.62
4.07
3.78
1.55
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.27
1.42
27
9.10
9.10
6.54
9.10
4.68
4.37
1.53
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.28
1.38
28
6.54
8.58
13.3
8.58
5.70
3.78
1.55
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.25
1.37
29
5.34
-
16.4
7.02
5.34
3.78
1.51
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.25
1.80
30
4.68
-
13.3
7.02
4.37
3.51
1.51
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.27
39.8
31
4.37
-
11.2
-
4.68
-
1.49
1.3
-
1.2
-
1M,
Total
361.45
208.44
450.04
307.82
179.06
129.22
74.40
44.01
36.4
48.97
37.84
182.83
Mean
11.66
7.44
14.52
10.26
5.78
4.31
2.40
1.42
1.21
1.58
1.26
5.90
m3x106
31.23
18.01
38.88
26.60
15.47
11.16
6.43
3.80
3.14
4.23
3.27
15.80
Not et Recorder float resting on top of sediment deposit in gage well Aug. 24 to Oct. 7,
9-21, 26-31; discharge estimated on basis of records for station on Nahr Ibrahim at
Bashal, recorded range in stage and weather records.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILY DISCHARGE OF QARR ]Q. 1!LB AT XL MOMIADA, L1BAYOa
CALRYDAR TSAR 1951
Day
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Jow.
Dec.
1
29.8
4.07
5.70
8.58
7.02
3.78
1.92
1.2
1.10
1.01
1.1
4.37
2
15.3
4.07
5.34
8.58
6.54
4.07
1.92
1.2
1.08
1.00
1.1
3.51
3
9.62
3.51
5.70
7.54
6.10
3.51
1.85
1.2
1.08
1.00
1.1
3.02
4
7.54
3.51
6.54
7.02
5.70
3.51
1.76
1.2
1.07
1.01
1.1
3.51
5
6.54
4.37
5.00
6.54
5.70
3.51
1.67
1.2
1.07
1.03
1.3
4.07
6
5.00
5.00
5.34
7.54
5.34
3.78
1.57
1.17
1.06
1.01
1.5
3.51
7
21.0
4.68
5.70
7.54
5.00
5.00
1.53
1.17
1.06
1.01
1.72
2.80
8
12.2
4.07
5.70
6.54
5.34
4.37
1.51
1.16
1.06
1.38
1.57
2.46
9
4.06
4.07
6.10
6.54
6.10
4.68
1.49
1.16
1.07
1.47
1.38
2.80
10
5.34
3.78
6.10
6.10
6.10
5.00
1.47
1.16
1.07
2.00
1.33
2.21
11
4.68
3.51
5.94
5.70
6.10
5.34
1.5
1.16
1.06
1.37
1.30
2.00
12
4.07
3.51
5.34
5.70
6.10
5.00
1.4
1.14
1.1
1.14
1.25
1.67
13
3.78
3.02
5.00
5.34
5.70
4.68
1.4
1.16
1.1
1.25
1.24
3.26
14
4.26
3.26
5.94
5.70
5.70
5.70
1.4
1.14
1.0
1.44
1.24
19.5
15
3.02
3.51
5.34
5.70
5.34
5.70
1.4
1.14
1.0
1.24
1.24
19.0
16
6.10
3.78
5.34
5.70
5.00
5.34
1.4
1.14
1.0
1.20
1.24
17.9
17
10.7
3.78
5.34
6.54
4.17
5.34
1.4
1.13
1.0
1.19
1.24
11.,
18
7.02
17.4
5.70
7.54
5.70
5.70
1.4
1.14
1.0
1.17
1.24
38.9
19
7.54
29.3
5.70
17.4
5.00
5.34
1.4
1.14
1.0
1.16
1.25
27.2
20
11.2
30.8
5.70
10.1
4.07
5.00
1.4
1.22
1.0
1.14
1.20
17.4
21
22.6
38.3
5.70
5.70
3.78
4.37
1.3
1.13
1.0
1.11
1.19
15.3
22
49.7
25.7
5.70
4.68
4.07
4.37
1.3
1.11
1.0
1.11
1.19
12.7
23
34.4
17.9
6.54
4.68
4.68
4.07
1.3
1.11
1.00
1.20
1.19
12.7
24
17.9
13.3
6.54
14.8
4.37
3.78
1.3
1.13
1.00
1.16
1.19
13.8
25
12.2
10.7
13.8
33.6
3.78
3.26
1.3
1.11
1.01
1.16
1.19
12.2
26
8.58
8.58
17.4
24.1
3.78
2.61
1.3
1.11
1.00
1.16
1.53
10.7
27
7.02
7.02
11.7
16.4
3.51
2.33
1.3
1.08
1.00
1.14
1.67
9.62
28
6.10
6.10
11.7
11.7
4.37
2.21
1.3
1.10
.99
1.13
1.42
9.10
29
5.00
--
11.7
9.10
4.37
2.21
1.3
1.10
.99
1.13
1.51
10.1
30
4.37
--
10.1
7.54
4.07
2.10
1.2
1.10
1.01
1.1
11.7
10.1
31
4.07
--
9.10
--
3.78
--
1.2
1.10
--
1.1
--
9.62
Total
352.71
270.60
221.34
280.24
156.58
125.66
44.89
35.51
30.98
36.72
49.142
316.73
Mean
6
11.38
9.66
7.14
9.34
5.05
4.19
1.45
1.15
1.03
1.18
1.65
10.22
m3x10
30.47
23.38
19.12
24.21
13.53
10.86
3.88
3.07
2.68
3.17
4.27
27.37
Aote:- Rocorder float resting on top of sediment demsit in gage well July 11 to Aug. 5. no gage-height
record Sept. 12-22. Oct. 30 to how. 6; discharge estimated on basis of records for station on
'iahr Ib*ahim at Bazhal, recorded range in stage and weather records.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
Da1LT DISCHAROIS Or YARR SL H:*I.B AT IL MOIHADA, LIBATOW
CALM, =R TEAR 1952
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
Day
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr. .
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Jov. t
Dec.
1
9.10
19.5
13.3
20.5
14.8
3.02
4.68
1.80
1.5
1.22
1.3
2.61
2
8.58
45.5
15.8
19.5
11.2
4.07
4.37
1.69
1.5
1.20
1.2
1.85
3
8.06
93.2
20.5
20.5
9.62
5.00
4.68
1.67
1.4
1.20
1.4
1.65
4
8.06
126.
16.4
21.0
8.58
5.00
4.68
1.63
1.4
1.20
1.3
1.61
5
8.06
90.5
13.8
22.1
8.06
4.37
4.68
1.61
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.55
6
10.7
41.9
12.7
19.5
8.06
4.07
4.37
1.61
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.53
7
17.9
29.8
12.2
17.4
7.54
3.78
a 4.37
1.61
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.49
8
14.8
26.2
14.8
16.4
7.54
4.37
4.07
1.59
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.45
9
13.3
24.6
22.1
14.8
8.06
5.34
4.07
1.57
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.45
10
12.7
20.5
37.8
12.2
8.06
5.34
4.07
1.6
1.4
1.20
1.22
1.47
11
11.2
26.7
13.9
9.62
6.54
5.00
4.07
1.6
1.4
1.20
1.24
1.5
12
13.3
21.5
31.9
8.58
6.54
5.34
4.07
1.55
1.4
1.22
1.80
1.6
13
23.6
17.9
27.7
7.54
6.10
5.00
4.07
1.5
1.4
1.20
1.44
4.0
14
19.0
16.4
24.1
6.54
6.10
4.68
4.07
1.5
1.4
1.20
1.30
12.
15
15.8
15.3
26.2
5.70
5.70
4.68
3.51
1.5
1.4
1.20
1.25
4.07
16
20.0
13.8
24.6
5.34
5.34
4.37
3.26
1.5
1.3
1.19
1.28
3.78
17
16.4
12.7
24.1
5.34
5.00
4.37
3.26
1.5
1.3
1.17
1.20
4.37
18
14.3
11.7
20.5
5.70
5.00
4.37
3.51
1.5
1.3
1.19
1.25
4.07
19
13.3
11.2
18.4
10.1
5.00
4.37
3.26
1.5
1.3
1.17
1.25
4.07
20
12.2
10.7
18.4
36.1
4.37
4.37
3.26
1.5
1.3
1.19
1.25
5.00
21
11.7
10.1
31.4
17.4
3.78
4.37
3.51
1.5
1.3
1.17
1.25
4.37
22
11.2
10.7
22.1
12.7
3.78
5.00
3.26
1.5
1.30
1.19
?1.25
4.37
23
11.2
9.62
19.0
10.7
4.37
5.00
3.26
1.5
1.30
1.17
1.38
4.68
24
10.7
10.1
16.9
9.10
4.07
5,34
2.80
1.5
1.24
1.17
1.32
4.07
25
9.62
9.62
15.8
8.58
4.07
5.34
2.80
1.5
1.22
1.19
10.7
3.26
26
8.58
8.58
15.8
8.06
5.00
5.34
2.80
1.5
1.20
1.20
4.68
8.58
27
8.58
8.06
16.9
9.62
5.00
5.34
2.80
1.5
1.20
1.22
3.51
16.9
28
8.58
7.54
17.9
10.7
4.07
4.68
2.61
1.5
1.20
1.2
3.51
6.54
29
8.06
9.62
17.9
11.2
3.26
4.37
2.10
1.5
1.20
1.2
4.07
4.37
30
7.54
--
19.0
26.7
3.02
4.07
2.10
1.5
1.20
1.2
3.78
3.78
31
8.06
--
19.5
-
3.02
-
2.00
1.5
--
1.4
--
4.07
Total
374.18
759.54
641.4
409.22
190.65
139.76
110.42
48.03
40.06
37.26
61.23
126.11
Mean
6
12.07
26.19
20.69
13.64
6.15
4.66
3.56
1.55
1.34
1.20
2.04
4.07
?3:10
32.33
65.62
55.42
35.36
16.47
12.08
9.54
4.15
3.46
3.22
5.29
10.90
Calendar Year 1952:
Max 126 Min 1.17
Mean 8.03
a3x106 253.84
32ta:- Recorder float resting on top of sediment deoosit in Rags well Aug. 10 to Sept. 21, no dage-
hei,tht record Oct. 28 to Jov. 4, Dec. 11-14; discharge estimated on basis of records for station
on 9ahr Ibrahim at Bashal, recorded range in stage and weather records.
Shifting-control method used June 17 to Aug. 5.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILY DIS(S(AR02 Of IALIB YL. K AM
AT Al MOKKADA, LICIANOI
CAWMAB Y AH 1953
(Cubic meters per second)
1
4.07
5.34
15.3
65.2
16.9
10.7
6.10
1.72
1.3
1.2
1.19
2.80
2
5.00
5.00
16.4
43.7
15.3
?11.2
5.70
1.72
1.3
1.2
1.20
2.80
3
7.02
5.00
16.4
35.5
13.8
11.2
5.34
1.65
1.3
1.2
1.20
2.80
4
6.10
5.00
16.4
29.3
12.2
10.7
6.10
1.39
1.3
1.2
?1.20
3.02
5
5.00
7.54
14.3
25.2
11.7
9.62
7.54
1.57
1.3
1.2
1.20
3.26
6
4.07
13.8
16.9
23.1
14.8
9.62
7.54
1.53
1.3
1.24
1.20
3.02
7
4.37
14.8
24.6
22.6
19.0
10.7
7.02
1.53
1.3
1.19
1.27
2.61
8
3.78
11.7
20.5
21.5
14.8
10.7
6.54
1.47
1.3
1.14
1.30
2.46
9
3.78
40.5
17.4
22.1
11.7
10.1
6.54
1.44
1.2
1.16
1.30
2.21
10
4.37
53.4
21.0
21.5
13.3
10.1
6.10
1.44
1.2
1.16
1.3
2.10
11
15.3
39.5
32.9
22.1
13.3
9.62
5.00
1.42
1.2
1.16
1.3
1.92
12
16.9
33.4
43.1
23.1
10.7
10.1
6.54
1.40
1.2
1.16
1.30
1.80
13
14.3
23.6
29.3
25.2
10.1
10.1
6.10
1.40
1.2
1.17
1.32
1.76
14
9.62
19.0
24.6
23.1
10.1
9.62
5.70
1.38
1.2
1.17
1.30
1.72
15
6.10
17.4
25.7
19.5
12.7
9.62
5.00
1.37
1.2
1.17
1.30
1.67
16
5.00
22.6
22.1
20.0
13.3
9.62
3.78
1.35
1.2
1.19
1.30
1.67
17
5.34
24.1
19.5
22.6
12.7
9.62
4.37
1.35
1.19
01.19
1.30
1.6?
18
4.68
37.2
21.5
22.6
12.7
8.58
4.37
1.35
1.20
1.17
1.61
2.80
19
4.68
32.4
22.1
20.5
10.1
7.02
4.07
1.33
1.20
1.17
3.02
4.37
20
4.37
36.1
23.1
17.4
9.10
6.54
3.26
1.35
1.19
1.17
3.51
3.78
21
4.07
24.1
21.0
16.4
9.10
6.10
3.2
1.33
1.20
1.19
3.26
3.26
22
6.54
19.0
19.0
15.3
9.10
6.10
3.1
1.32
1.20
1.19
2.80
3.02
23
9.10
16.9
17.9
14.3
8.06
6.10
3.1
1.32
1.20
1.17
2.33
3.26
24
11.7
16.9
16.4
13.3
7.02
6.10
3.1
1.32
1.22
1.19
12.7
6.54
25
12.7
14.3
15.3
13.3
8.06
6.54
3.02
1.33
1.20
1.19
29.3
27.?
26
12.7
12.7
15.3
13.8
9.62
6.54
2.61
1.30
1.38
1.20
14.3
20.0
27
10.1
14.3
16.9
14.3
9.10
6.10
2.61
1.30
1.28
1.20
7.54
14.3
28
8.58
13.3
20.0
14.3
8.06
6.10
2.33
?1.28
1.22
1.20
4.37
13.3
29
7.54
-
24.6
15.3
8.06
5.70
1.92
1.30
1.22
1.20
3.51
12.7
30
6.54
27.2
16.9
8.06
* 5.70
1.92
1.30
1.2
1.20
3.02
11.7
31
5.70
-
39.5
-
8.58
-
1.85
1.30
-
1.19
-
43.7
Total
229.12
578.88
676.2
673.0
351.12
256.16
141.47
43.76
37.10
36.73
112.75
209.72
~as
6
7.39
20.67
21.81
22.43
11.33
8.54
4.56
1.41
1.24
1.18
3.76
6.77
.%xl0
19.80
50.02
58.42
58.15
30.34
22.13
12.22
3.78
3.21
3.17
9.74
18.12
NOTA:- Recorder float resting on top of sediment deposit in page well Sept. 1-16. no gaga-height record
July 21-24, Sept. 30 to Oct. 5. Nov. 10. 11; discharge estimated on basis of records for station
on Nahr Ibrahim at Asshal. recorded range in stage and weather records.
Shifting-control method used June 17 to July 20. 25 to Sept. 10. 18-29. Oct. 6 to Nov. 9, 12-22.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILY DISCBAitG OP IAER AL L L3
AT 8L MOYRADA, LiBAMOI
CAL3IDAR YAAR 1954
(Cubic meters per second)
1 36.1
24.1
23.6
41.3
18.4
12.7
14.8
5.34
1.33
1.14
1.04
1.44
2 22.6
21.0
22.6
33.4
19.0
11.7
14.8
4.37
1.33
1.14
1.04
1.44
3 29.8
22.6
22.1
26.7
19,0
12.2
14.3
2,61
1.33
1.14
1.04
1.42
4 28.3
29.8
22.1
23.6
18.4
12.2
13.8
2.33
1.30
1.14
1.04
1.40
5 29.3
30.3
25.7
29.8
18.4
11.7
14.3
2.21
1.28
1.13
1.03
1.63
6 22.1
25.2
26.2
27.2
17.9
11.7
13,3
2.10
1.30
1.1
1.03
2.61
7 18.4
22.1
23.6
25.2
18.4
11.7
13.8
1.92
1.30
1.1
1.03
2.61
8 18.4
20.5
22.6
23.6
17.9
11.7
13.8
1.80
1.28
1.10
1.01
2.10
9 23.1
27.2
22.6
22.1
16.4
12.7
13.8
1.80
1.28
1.10
1.01
1.72
10 17.4
38.3
23.1
28.3
15.8
14.3
13.8
1,72
1.25
1.10
1.01
1.61
11 18.4
37.2
21.0
30.8
15.8
13.3
13.3
1.69
1.24
1.10
1.01
1.53
12 33.4
34.4
20.0
25.2
15.8
12.2
13.3
1.72
1.22
1.10
1.01
1.49
13 36.1
30.8
21.0
22.6
15.3
11.7
13.3
1.67
1.22
1.08
1.01
1.47
14 25.7
28.3
21.0
28.3
14.8
11.7
13.3
1.63
1.22
1.08
.99
1.42
15 21.0
28.3
20.0
24.1
13.8
11.7
13.3
1.61
1.20
1.08
.99
1.40
16 17.9
25.2
19.0
25.2
13.8
11.2
13.8
1.61
1.20
1.07
.99
1.40
17 16.4
23.6
25.7
24.1
13.3
11.2
13.3
1.59
1.22
1.06
'1.06
1.4
18 14.8
23.1
33.9
23.1
13.3
11.2
13.8
1.57
1.20
1.06
1.14
1.4
19 13.3
32.9
25.7
22.1
?13.8
12.2
15.3
1.55
1.19
1.06
1.24
1.4
20 15.8
36.1
22.1
21.5
13.8
12.7
13.8
1.55
1.19
1.06
1.19
?3.0
21 15.3
29.8
25.2
21.5
13.8
13.3
12.2
1.53
1.19
?1.06
1.20
9.0
22 18.4
26.7
28.8
24.1
13.8
13
12.2
1.53
1.19
1.06
1.27
7.0
23 36.1
25.2
30.8
23.1
14.3
13.3
12.2
1.51
1.20
1.06
1.42
6.0
24 32.4
24.6
30.3
21.0
14,8
13.3
9.62
1.51
1.24
1.06
2.61
10.
25 26.7
27.2
25.7
20.0
14.3
12.7
7.02
1.49
1.20
1.06
1.92
6.10
26 25.2
31.4
23.6
19.0
14.3
13.3
7.02
1.49
1.16
1.06
1.55
4.68
27 41.9
28.3
22.6
17.9
14.8
13.3
8.06
1.47
1.16
1.06
1.45
4.07
28 30.3
25.2
22.1
17.9
15.8
12,7
7.54
1.38
1.16
1.06
1.40
5.34
29 23.6
-
23.6
17.9
15.3
12.2
6.54
1.32
1.16
1.06
1.37
7.02
30 28.3
-
23.6
18.4
14.8
13.3
5.34
1.32
1.16
1.04
1.40
7.02
31 28.8
-
24.6
-
13.8
-
5.70
1.32
-
1.06
-
9.62
Total 765.3
779.4
744.5
729.0
482.9
372.1
370.44
58.26
36.90
33.58
36.50
109.74
Mean 24,69
27.84
24.02
24,30
15.58
12.40
11.95
1.88
1.23
1.08
1.22
3.54
,3x106 66.12
67.34
64.32
62.99
41.72
32.15
32.01
5.03
3.19
2.90
3.15
9.48
Calendar Year 1954:
Max. 41.9
Min. 0.99
Mean 12.38
,3x106
390.40
AMC:- No gage-height record June 22, Oct. 6, 7, Dec. 17-24; discharge estimated on basis of records for
station on Nahr Ibrahim at 9ashal, recorded range in stage, and weather records.
Shifting-control method used Aug. 24 to Oct. 5, 8 to Dec. 16, 23-31.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
DAILY DISCHARGE OF NAHR EL KELB AT EL I4OKHADA, LEBANON
CALENDAR YEAR 1955
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Mean
m3x106
s Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
7.54
2.9
5.00
12.7
7.54
5.34 1.76
1.13
1.14
0.95
0.87
6.10
2.80 *
4.68
13.8
6.54
4.68 1.72
1.11
1.14
.94
.86
5.34
2.80
5.00
14.3
7.54
4.68 1.69
1.11
1.13
.92
.86
4.68
3.51
5.34
14.3
8.06
4.68 1.69
1.10
1.13
.91
.86
4.07
4.07
5.70
13.3
6.54
4.68 1.69
1.10
1.14
.91
.86
3.51
17.9
11.7
12.7
6.10
5.00 1.67
1.10
1.14
* .88
.86
3.26
20.5
12.7 *
10.7
6.10
4.68 1.67
1.10
1.14
.88
.86
3.26
13.8
9.62
13.3-
6.54
4.37 1.67
1.10
1.14
.88
*
3.02
11.2
8.06
17.4
7.02
4.68 1.65
1.10
1.14
.88
2.80
9.62
7.02
17.4
8.06
5.34 1.65
1.10
1.16
.88
3.02
29.8
6.54
21.1
* 7.54
4.68 * 1.65 *
1.08
1.16
.88
4.07
17.9
14.8
17.4
7.02
4.07 1.61
1.08
1.16
.88
4.37
13.8
16.9
15.8
6.54 *
4.07 1.57
1.08
1.16
.87
6.54
11.2
16.4
14.8
6.10
3.78 1.53
1.07
1.16
.87
5.00
9.10
24.6
13.8
5.70
3.26 1.53
1.07
1.17
.87
4.07
8.06
35.0
12.2
5.34
2.61 1.51
1.07
*1.16
.87
3.51
7.54
29.8
11.2
5.34
2.80 1.51
1.07
1.14
.87
3.02
6.54
30.8
10.7
5.34
2.46 1.51
1.08
1.10
* .86
*33.02
6.10
26.7
10.7
6.10
2.21 1.45
1.08
1.08
.86
3.02
5.70
21.0
10.1
6.10
2.33 1.33
1.08
1.06
.85
3.26
5.34
18.4
9.62
5.34
2.61 1.32
1.08
1.04
.86
2.80
6.54
16.4
9.10
5.70
2.21 1.32
1.10
1.01
.86
3.02
6.54 *
15.3
8.06
5.34
2.00 1.30
1.10
1.00
.84
2.80
6.10
14.3
8.06
5.00
2.00 1.30
1.10
1.00
.84
3.26
5.70
13.3
9.10
5.00
1.92 1.30
1.10
.99
.84
3.26
5.34
12.2
10.1
4.37
1.85 1.28
1.10
.99
.83
3.26
5.00
12.2
9.10
4.37
1.85 1.28
1.11
.97
.85
3.26
5.00
13.3
8.58
4.37
1.80 1.25
1.11
.99
.86
3.2
-
11.7
8.06
4.68
1.80 1.20
1.13
.97
.85
3.1
-
11.2
8.06
5.00
1.80 1.14
1.13
.97
.85
3.0
-
11.2
--
5.34
- 1.14
1.14
-
.87
117.44
250.40 446.86
365.54
185.67 100.24 45.89
34.01
32.68
27.06
6.03
(1-7
3.79
8.94 14.41
12.18
5.99 3.34 1.48
1.10
1.09
.87
.86
(1-7
10.15
21.63 38.61
31.58
16.04 8.66 3.96
2.94
2.82
2.34
0.52
(1-7
Note: No gage-height record Jan. 29 - Feb. 1; discharge computed on basis of records for
station on Nahr Ibrahim at Bazhal, recorded range in stage, and weather records.
Shifting-control method used Jan. 1-28, Feb. 2 to Mar. 19, Apr. 16 to June 21, Aug.
13 to Nov. 7.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
Noboo Cho~broukc
rroya
ohr MCS!\
Nobw e! sse!
Natural bridge
'I
\?AWw Sakie
N
A
235
225,
LEGEND
O Existing Rain Gage
0 Proposed Automatic Rain Gage
A Existing Stream Gage
.,? -. Proposed Snow Survey Gage
A Proposed Stream gage
o Rtoposed Sediment Measuring
Station
I 0 2 3 4 5
SCALE OF KILOMETER S
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
HYDROLOGIC STATIONS
NAHR EL KELB
DR,__J.M?B? __SUBMITTE 4*: 60_
C N_ _ RECOMMENDEDX9V_
B - _ APPROVED 9a
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
2
.
.80
1
90
.
14
1
80
.
.70
1
70
.
1
60
.
.60
9
90 100 110
0
1
50
.
~
/0
5
~
9
1
40
i
210
50
.
loo,
/
.
70 80 0
2
1
30
'
0 023
0
.
HIGH WATER CURVE
1
2
N
.
6
40
0
1B
X
LOW
WA
TER
CU
RVE
W 1
10
19
.
I-
3
W
Rating dated 11-4-55-
,
M 1
00
.
used from Feb. 21, 1949
~
.30
_
Rating dated ll 4 - 55
Z
used from Feb. 21, 1949
-
90
.
,
80
20
x.
.
W
24
W
70
2.
W
W
60
.
z .10
Q
17
Note : All discharge measurements plotted to the
~
50
.
low water scale
=
29
0
.
0
4o
W 0
2
7
30
W
.
20
0
15
.
-.10
16
10
5
.
6
0
13-12
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
0
-.20
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
-
10
WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
.
27
28
STAGE-DISCHARGE RATING CURVE
EL MOKHADA GAGE
_2
30
-.
0 1
2 3
4
5 6 7 8
9 10 I
I 12 13 14 15 1
6 17 1
8 19
NAHR EL KLB
DISCHARGE IN CUBIC METERS PER SECOND (LOW WATER)
DR___J.MB_ _SUBMITTE ~_______
-~
0
1
0 20 30 40 5
0
TR. J MK K. RECOMMENDED3 t7 ?_t1
C APPROVED_Ki97_ A!
DIS
CHARGE IN CUBIC METERS PER SECON
D (HIGHER WATER)
_
BEIRUT, LEBANON JAN /0, 1956
Q Q - ( - 86
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
TABLE 111-8
AVERAGE MONTHLY RESERVOIR EVAPORATION
(Millions of cubic meters)
Month
Evaporation
Month
Evaporation
September
-0. 3
March
0. 0
October
-0. 3
April
-0. 1
November
-0.2
May
-0.2
December
0. 0
June
-0. 2
January
+0. 1
July
-0.3
February
+0.1
August
-0.3
Total:
-1.7
A gaging station was installed by the Ministry of Public Works on the Nahr el
Kelb at El Mokhada on February 21, 1949. The location of this station is shown on Plate III-1.
This station has been operated by that agency since its installation. The drainage area
above the El Mokhada station is 249 square kilometers. Average monthly discharges as
determined from the records at this station, are shown in Table 111-9. These discharges
do not include that of the El Wata Canal which starts from a diversion 250 meters above
the gaging station.
Since 1949 about 29 measurements have been made at the El Mokhada gage.
The results of these measurements are shown in Table III-10 and have been used to es-
tablish the stage-discharge relation for that gage as shown in Plate 111-2. The estab-
lished rating curve was used throughout the period of gage-height record with applicable
shifting control. No high-water measurements have been made at the El Mokhada gaging
station. The rating curve was extended beyond the 0. 80 meter gage height by averaging
four synthetic methods. Therefore, the high-water portion of the stage-discharge rating
curve should be used with extreme caution until it can be verified by actual discharge
measurements. Average daily discharges at the El Mokhada gaging station, for calendar
years 1949 through 1955, are shown on the seven sheets of Table III-11.
Average Year Discharges
Mean monthly discharges compiled from the monthly discharge records avail-
able and shown in Table 111-9, were determined for the station at El Mokhada: The
values shown in Table 111-12 have been assumed to represent the average year discharges
at the El Mokhada gage.
TABLE 111-12
MONTHLY DISCHARGES - AVERAGE YEAR
NAHR EL KELB AT EL MOKHADA
(Millions of cubic meters)
Month
Discharge
Month
Discharge
September
3.21
March
49. 00
October
3. 26
April
42. 27
November
4. 86
May
27.05
December
14. 96
June
17. 41
January
31.6 8
July
11.78
February
40.98
August
4. 25
Total:
250.71
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The monthly discharge records shown in Table 111-9 for El Mokhada gage were
carefully considered. It has been assumed that each of the minimum monthly values
shown in this table might occur during a single 12-month water year at El Mokhada and
that such a combination of minimum monthly discharge represents the minimum year to
be expected. The monthly discharges for this minimum year at El Mokhada are shown
in Table 111-13.
TABLE 111-13
MONTHLY DISCHARGES - MINIMUM YEAR
NAHR EL KELB AT EL MOKHADA
(Millions of cubic meters)
Discharge
Month
Discharge
September
2.68
M arch
19.11
October
2.34
April
26.60
November
3. 15
May
15. 45
December
8.06
June
8.66
January
10.15
July
3.88
February
18.00
August
2.94
Total:
121.02
The flows shown in Tables 111-12 and 111-13 represent average and minimum
year flows in the Nahr el Kelb at the gage at El Mokhada. The monthly volume of flows
in other parts of this basin during both the average water year and the minimum water
year, could not be assumed to vary directly with the contributing drainage areas. It
was observed that the Nahr el Kelb above the Jeita Spring was entirely dry during the
1955 irrigation season, because the flow in the upper reaches of the stream had been
entirely appropriated for irrigation and domestic water supply usage. The flow of the
Nahr es Salib, a tributary of the Nahr el Kelb, was entirely diverted into the Harjel
Canal, or English Canal as it is officially called, immediately below the town of Harjel.
The flow that entered the El Wata Canal and passed the El Mokhada gaging station during
the summer and early fall of 1955, came from Jeita Spring seepage and small springs
between Jeita spring and the gaging station. Table 111-14 lists all known miscellaneous
discharge measurements made in the Nahr el Kelb Basin. These measurements, in
conjunction with those listed in Table III-10, were used to estimate the available flow at
the potential dam sites.
The estimated available flows at the Jeita, Balloune, Qlayaat, and Mayrouba
dam sites were ;considered to vary directly with the contributing drainage areas in re-
spect to the flow of the Nahr el K.elb immediately above the Jeita Spring. This flow equals
the flow at the El Mokhada gaging station plus the flow into the El Wata Canal, minus the
flow from Jeita Spring and the seepage below Jeita Spring. The known measurements
were analyzed to estimate the flows of the Jeita Spring and the seepages between Jeita
and the gaging station. The monthly flows for the average and minimum years for the
Jeita Spring are shown in Table 111-15.
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MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS
NAHR EL KELB BASIN
(Cubic meters per second)
Discharge
Aug. 8,
1955
0. 142
Oct. 13,
1955
0.137
Oct. 18,
1955
0. 142
Aug. 9,
1955
0. 075
Oct. 13,
1955
0. 052
Nov. 20, 1938
0. 362
Oct. 3, 1939
0. 262
Oct. 1, 1940
0.287
July 30, 1947 0. 462
Oct. 21, 1948
0.201
Aug. 14, 1951
0. 312
Oct. 22, 1951
0. 219
Nov. 2, 1951
0. 220
July 4, 1952
0. 500
Oct. 13, 1955
0.218
Nov. 29, 1955
0. 532
Aug. 8, 1955
0. 051
Oct. 13, 1955
0.022
Nov. 30, 1955
0. 182
Nabaa el Kana
Dec. 2,
1955
0. 057
Nabaa Chabrouka
Dec. 2,
1955
0. 027
Nahr Chabrouka, Div. Dam Site
Dec. 2, 1955
0.068
Nabaa es Sakie
Dec. 6,
1955
0.027
Jeita Spring (in Grotto)
Dec. 8,
1952
1.786
Nov. 5,
1953
1.674
Oct. 18,
1955
1.117
Dec. 8,
1952
0. 479
Nov. 5,
1953
0. 263
Source de Tannoury
Oct. 1955
0. 008
Ain es Souane
Nov. 29,
1955
0. 002
Ain Tannour
Nov. 29,
1955
0.003
Nabaa Sannine
Aug. 12,
1955
0.026
Oct. 10,
1955
0.015
Jan. 12,
1956
0. 075
Nabaa Bakich Anna Bakich
Jan. 9,
1956
0. 008
Group
Jan. 9,
1956
0. 003
Nabaa Jafar
Jan. 9,
1956
0.008
Nabaa Ghabieh
Jan. 12,
1956
0.011
Nabaa el Jozat
Jan. 13,
1956
0.141
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ESTIMATED MONTHLY DISCHARGES OF JEITA SPRING
AND
SEEPAGE BETWEEN JEITA SPRING AND EL MOKHADA GAGING STATION
Month
Average Year
Discharge
Minimum Year
Discharge
September
5.18
4.67
October
5. 49
4. 42
November
5.18
4. 48
December
5. 36
4. 55
January
5. 89
4. 96
February
6.05
5.08
March
7.63
6.29
April
8. 55
7. 00
May
9. 91
8.04
June
9. 07
7.13
July
8, 57
6. 43
August
6.03
5.09
It was extremely difficult to compute the average and minimum year flows for
the potential dam sites in the extreme upper end of the Nahr el Kelb Basin. No discharge
measurements have been made at the sites except the single measurements made in
November and December of 1955. Although flow would otherwise exist at these sites
during the entire year, all flows of these small tributaries are used for irrigation during
the growing season, except that of El Aassel whose major diversion is for municipal
water supply. In the estimate of flows for these diversion dam sites, it was considered
that these prior water rights would be respected and that no flows would be available dur-
ing the irrigation season for new diversions. The estimated flows at these upper sites
(Hardoun, Chabrouka, El Aassel, El Leben, and Fakra) were based on the single meas-
urements and on information of the spring and stream flow characteristics as supplied
by local residents. The flows at these sites should be used with extreme caution, since
the estimates were based on such extremely limited data.
Available Irrigation Water
In the mountain section of the Nahr el Kelb Basin a number of springs have been
developed for domestic water supply and for irrigation. Canals have been constructed
over the centuries for conveying the water from these springs to points where it is used
for these purposes. No measuring devices have ever been installed at these springs or
on these canals, and water distribution is made by estimation. A limited number of dis-
charge measurements were made at some of these springs during 1955 as a part of the
Lebanese-American technical assistance program for village water supply. The results
of these measurements are shown in Table 111-14 and in Table VII-1 in Section VII -
DONIESTIC WATER SUPPLY.
Table 111-1.4 shows that most of these springs have relatively small discharges.
Field reconnaissance indicates that there is insufficient water available to appreciably
increase the extent of the irrigs.ted areas. Likewise, as indicated in Section VII,
most of the available water in the mountain section will be required for village water
supply and for the existing irrigation development. Therefore, no values have been de-
termined for the amounts of water being used, or of that available for future use. Pro-
vision has been made for future measurement of the water available at springs and in the
canals in the mountain section, as well as those in the coastal section. The need and
proposed program for this work are discussed in Section IX - ADDITIONAL INVESTI-
GATIONS NECESSARY.
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Water is diverted from the Nahr el Kelb into the El Wata Canal to irrigate lim-
ited areas of land in the bottom of the valley and a small area north of this basin along
the coast. The diverion for the El Wata Canal is located about 250 meters above the El
Mokhada gaging station. Some flow measurements have been made on this canal as
shown in Table III-10, and indicate a diversion of 0. 37 to 1. 04 cubic meters per second.
A staff gage was established in the canal in October 1955 with the expectation that the Min-
istry of Public Works would obtain daily stage readings so that daily diversions of flow
could be calculated. Flow discharge in the El Wata Canal cannot be correlated to the
stage records obtained at the gaging station. The miscellaneous discharge measure-
ments of the canal were carefully considered to evolve an estimate of the monthly diver-
sions of flow for the minimum and average years. These discharges are shown in Table
111-16.
ESTIMATED MONTHLY DIVERSIONS INTO EL WATA
IRRIGATION CANAL
Average Year
Discharge
Minimum Year
Discharge
September
1.40
1.71
October
1.87
2.06
November
1.56
1.27
December
1.48
1.20
January
1.80
1.47
February
1.59
1.29
March
1.70
1.38
April
1.19
1.50
May
1.67
2.09
June
2.12
2.70
July
2.00
2.44
August
1.60
2.01
Water is also released from the Dbaiye Water Supply Canal through gate valve
turnouts to supply irrigation flow to small areas of land on the southside, or left bank,
of the Nahr el Kelb. The amount of water diverted is very small, as shown in,the list-
ing of Table III-10.
All of the land suitable for irrigation in the area below the gaging station has
been developed for many years, and no expansion of such areas is contemplated. How-
ever, the water rights for these irrigated areas probably antedate those owned by the
city of Beirut and used for its municipal water supply. Therefore, these irrigation
rights will probably continue to be respected and sufficient water will probably be re-
leased for them, even if all of the water appears to be necessary for domestic water
supply, unless these water rights could be subordinated with equitable compensation.
It is estimated that such irrigation diversions at present amount to a maximum of about
1. 0 cubic meters per second. However, with proper care and use of the irrigation
water, the diversions could probably be reduced to a third of this amount.
From the very limited information supplied by residents in the upper reaches
of the Nahr el Kelb, estimates have been made of the amount of water that is diverted
for irrigation use in the tributaries where the construction of diversion dams is contem-
plated. The estimate of monthly flows for the average and minimum years are listed
in Table 111-17.
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ESTIMATED MONTHLY DIVERSIONS INTO
IRRIGATION AND MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
UPPER NAHR EL KELB BASIN
(Avg = Average year
Min = Minimum year)
Month
Harjel Ouadi
Canal Hardoun
Ouadi
Chabrouka El Aassel
_
El Leben
-
Fakra
-
Avg
Min
Avg
Min
v
1VUn
Avg
Min
A
__Mm
Avg
min
Jan.
--
-
-
-
-
--
1.00
1.00
--
--
--
--
Feb.
-
--
--
-
--
--
1.00
1.00
--
--
--
--
Mar.
-
--
-
--
1.00
1.00
--
--
--
--
Apr.
May
--
--
0.31
--
1.60
-
0.33
1.40
-
0.50
1.00
2.30
1.00
1.90
--
--
--
0.60
--
0.40
0.20
June
0.62
0.62
0.74
0.41
0.75
0.49
1.40
1.60
1.40
0.54
0.18
0.18
July
0.62
0.51
0.80
0.27
0.78
0.27
1.30
1.10
0.64
0.25
0.17
0.09
Aug.
0.48
0.41
0.40
0. 17
0.40
0.14
1.10
0.86
0. 32
0.13
0.08
0.04
Sept.
0.38
0. 36
0.20
0. 10
0.21
0.07
0.82
0.67
0.20
0.09
0.04
0.02
Oct.
0.42
0. 36
0.05
0. 07
0.06
0.04
0.72
0. 58
0.07
0.06
0.01
0.01
Nov.
--
0.36
--
-
--
--
1.00
0.75
--
0.03
--
De c.
-
-
-
-
1.00
1.00
=-
--
--
--
Water from Jeita Spring is used for power. production at the lower Nahr el Kelb
(Mar Elias) Power Plant. This plant has a head of 11 meters and an installed capacity
of 160 kilowatts in two units. Omar Ajam, Chief of the Electric Service, Ministry of
Public Works, reports that the water capacity of this plant is 2. 4 cubic meters per
second, but that during the summer months there is only sufficient water to operate one
of the units. Discharge from this plant enters the Nahr el Kelb above the El Mokhada
gaging station and is included in the discharge shown for that station in Table 111-9.
There is another power plant immediately below Jeita Spring on the south bank
of the Nahr el Kelb. Also, a new power plant is under construction on the north bank,
about 500 meters below the upper plant. Data and characteristics of these plants are
discussed in Section IV - POWER DEVELOPMENT. A small run-of-the-river plant
is on the Nahr Hassen below Nabaa el Aassel.
Water for Domestic Water Supply
he Nahr el Kelb is the principal source of the water supply for the city of
Beirut. The intake for the Beirut Water System is below the Mokhada gage, and all
water entering the system is measured at the El Mokhada gage. Values shown in Table
III-9 include the water diverted for domestic use in Beirut. Additional details are given
in Section VII - DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY.
Sites Selected. Nine dam sites were selected as locations for potential power
plant diversion structures in the Nahr el Kelb Basin. Only the Mayrouba site has any
appreciable storage capacity. The following tabulation indicates the general location of
these dam sites and shows the area on the contributing drainage basin above each site.
Plate VI-2 shows the location of the dam sites with respect to the proposed basin develop-
r;cent,
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246A003400510001-7
Dam Site
Stream
Drainage Area
Above Dam Site
(sq. cm.
Jeita
Nahr el Kelb
247
Balloune
Nahr el Kelb
215
Qlayaat
Nahr es Salib
92
Mayrouba
Nahr es Salib
82
Hardoun
Ouadi Hardoun
4.
4
Chabrouka
Ouadi Chabrouka
15
El Aassel
Nahr Hassen
14
El Leben
Nahr el Leben
2.
1
Fakra
Nahr es Samm
15
Available Water in a Minimum Year. The monthly discharges shown in Table
111-13 for the minimum year were transferred to all of the above sites, by the methods
previously outlined. The resulting flows are shown in Table 111-18.
Available Water in an Average Year. The monthly discharges shown in Table
111-12 for the average year were transferred to all of the diversion dam sites by the
methods previously explained. Table 111-19 shows the available monthly flows at the
diversion dam sites for an average year.
Inflow Spillway Design Flood - Mayrouba Reservoir
The Mayrouba Dam Site, proposed in this investigation, will create a storage
reservoir located as shown on Plate VI-2. The reservoir would have a drainage area of
about 82 square kilometers. Streams in this area have steep mountain slopes. There is
little vegetation over the drainage area, but the geology is such that it has a definite
karstic terrain. Faults, solution channels, and other errosive processes evident in the
area are characteristics which indicate a fairly high retention capacity. This is further
indicated by a number of sizable springs in the upper and middle parts of the basin.
Snow occurs over the upper parts of this basin and accumulates in most years to consid-
erable depths at the higher elevation. There are believed to be no evidences of snow
appreciably effecting flood runoff because of the slow and even snowmelt. The snow,
however, tends to produce a somewhat higher base flow in the streams during the sum-
mer season, and thus it contributes additional water when most needed for irrigation,
municipal water supply, and firm power production. Also, it is the main source of
water supply for the springs found in the basin. In general, the surface drainage areas
above the springs are small, but judging from the quantity of flow from these springs,
the source of water from snowmelt must be from a much larger underground drainage
area than is indicated on the surface. Snowmelt has been disregarded in the determina-
tion of the inflow design flood.
The lack of precipitation data for this basin and the very meager and poor
streamflow data available, make it impracticable to develop an inflow design flood for
the Nahr el Kelb Basin from such data. The absence of similar information from the
other coastal basins in Lebanon made it necessary to use the data from other areas,
where hydrologic characteristics appear to be similar to those of the Nahr el Kelb Basin.
Unitgraph Derivation. The section of Southern California between Los Angeles
and San Diego, and between Los Angeles and San Luis Obispo, resembles generally the
coastal section of Lebanon. The San Gabriel, the San Luis Rey, the San Diego Rivers,
and other small streams, drain the Los Angeles - San Diego area 'of California which
is flanked on the north and on the east by the San Gabriel and Santa Ana Mountains. The
Santa Clara, the Ventura, the Santa Ynez and the Santa Maria Rivers drain the Los
Angeles - San Luis Obispo area of California which is flanked on the north and east by
the northern end of the San Gabriel Mountains. These are predominently sedimentary
areas but the formations are generally sandstones, shales, and conglomerates, rather
than limestone as in Lebanon. Generally, it contains more vegetative cover than in the
karstic limestone terrain of Lebanon; however, its relative runoff is believed to be about
the same. Therefore, the values for the Southern California coastal area are believed
to be indicative of the runoff peaks and volumes in the rivers of the coastal area of Leb-
anon.
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TABLR III - 1$
AVAIL,ABL!9 WATRR AT DIVERSION DAN SITES - MINIMIrM YF;AR
(Units in millions of cubic meters)
Month
Jeita
Balloune
Qla t
Mayrouba
Hardoun
Chabrouka
El Aassel
E11LLeben
Fakra
Sept.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oct.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Nov.
0
0
0
0
0.07
0.04
0
0.04
0.011
Dec.
4.79
4.19
1.89
1.70
0.12
0.12
0.4
.40
.044
Jan.
6.76
5.92
2.66
2.40
.21
.43
1.3
1.0
.I2
Feb.
14.46
12.65
5.69
5.12
.33
.63
1.7
1.1
.21
Mar.
14.43
12.63
5.68
5.11
.62
1.2
299
1.9
.44
Apr.
21.45
18.77
8.44
7.60
.91
1.6
3.5
2.3
.70
May
9.67
8.46
3.80
3.42
.34
.50
0
.6
.20
June
4.30
3.76
1.69
1.52
0
0
0
0
0
July
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Aug.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total:
75.86
66.38
29.85
26.87
2.60
4.52
10.8
7.54
1.725
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TABLX Ill - 19
AVAILAB.L1 WATER AT DIV ~ES1ON DAM SIT-+.S - AV1r1tAGE YEAR
(Units in millions of cubic meters)
Month
Jeita
Balloune
la at
Mavrouba
Hardoun
Chabrouka
lit Aaaael
L1 Leben
Fakra
Sept.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
Oct.
0.15
0.13
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.06
0
0.07
.008
Nov.
1.26
1.10
0.50
0.45
0.12
.12
0
.17
.122
Dec.
11.27
9.86
4.43
3.99
0.22
.3
1.0
1.0
.i91
Jan.
28.07
24.56
11.03
9.93
0.51
1.2
2.0
2.5
.25
Feb.
37.14
32.50
14.61
13.15
1.1
1.7
2.6
3.1
.42
Mar.
43.81
38.33
17.23
15.51
2.7
3.2
4.1
4.8
.88
Apr.
35.51
31.07
13.96
12.57
4.9
4.4
4.8
5.7
1.43
may
19.13
16.74
7.52
6.77
1e6
1.4
1.4
3.1
.40
June
10.64
9.31
4.19
3.77
0.76
.75
.5
0
.18
July
5.30
4.64
2.09
1.88
0
0
0
0
0
Aug.
0.33
0.29
0.13
0.12
0
0
0
0
0
Total:
192.61
166.53
75.75
68.19
11.97
13.21
16.4
20.44
3.681
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
The shape and size of the drainage area above the Mayrouba Dam Site resemble
the area above the Casitas Dam Site on Coyote Creek, in the Ventura River Basin of the
California coastal area. Coyote Creek has a streamflow record beginning in 1927, and
there are a number of rainfall stations in the vicinity of this basin. The dimensionless
unitgraph for the Casitas Dam Site shown on Plate 111-3, was derived in December 1953
by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, Region 2 Office. It has been adopted for
use in determining the inflow spillway design flood for the Mayrouba Reservoir in the
Nahr el Kelb Basin.
Lag data for streams in the same section of Southern California, discussed
above, were considered in selecting a lag'value for the Nahr el Kelb Basin. Plate III-4
shows the lag relationship curve for Southern California Streams in which the parameter
of lag in hours was plotted on log-log paper versus the parameter factor of L x Lea / SZ,
in which L = length in miles of longest watercourse from point of collection to boundary
of drainage area; Lca = length, in miles, along watercourse from point of collection to
a point opposite the centroid of the area, and S = overall slope, in feet per mile, of long-
est watercourse, L. A lag time of 1. 43 hours was adopted for the area above the upper
end of the Mayrouba Reservoir Site on the basis of the calculated L x Lca / SZ factor of
1. 56. Using this lag time, a 15-minute unit hydrograph was computed from the dimen-
sionless graph shown on Plate 111-3. This unit hydrograph, shown on Plate 111-5, has
been used to determine the inflow spillway design flood for the Mayrouba Reservoir.
Design Storm. The Lebanon coastal drainage basins are directly exposed to
moist air moving in From the Mediterranean Sea. During periods when well-developed
low pressure systems form in the Eastern Mediterranean, these basins will generally
experience heavy orographic-type precipitation in addition to that resulting from con-
vergent processes associated with the storm itself. In most respects these basins are
similar to the Southern California coastal region.
A comparison was made of the design storm values recommended for the Bisri
Dam Site drainage basin as presented in the Development Plan for the Litani River Ba-
sin4/ and that used over the Coyote Creek drainage basin above Casitas Dam Site. This
comparison indicated that the incremental precipitation value for the most intense 6-
hour period of the Bisri design storm is probably too small. It is believed that the long-
duration design storm value derived for Casitas Dam Site would be appropriate for use
in the derivation of the inflow design flood for Mayrouba Dam Site. This gave a total
precipitation of 74. 93 centimeters in 65 hours. The distribution of this storm is shown
on Plate 111-6. This storm would produce the maximum flood volume of runoff.
Although extremely rare, there is evidence of short-duration storms of high
intensity occurring in Lebanon. The storm of December 17, 1955 centered over the
Nahr Barsa and the Nahr Abou Ali above the city of Tripoli. It produced approximately
102 millimeters of precipitation in two hours. Undoubtedly, topography exerted some
influence in the production of this heavy precipitation; however, it appears physically
possible for precipitation of this areal extent to occur anywhere along the windward side
of the Lebanon Mountains. The distribution of this high-intensity and short-duration
storm is shown on Plate 111-6. This storm would produce the maximum peak runoff.
Retention Rates. No data are available to determine the actual retention rates
in the Nahr el Kelb Basin. However, studies made for the Development Plan for the
Litani River Basin and those for Southern California, indicate that a retention rate of
0. 1 inch per hour, or 2. 54 millimeters per hour, is applicable to the Nahr el Kelb Ba-
sin.
Design Flood Hydrograph. Inflow design floods were computed for the Mayrouba
Reservoir using the design storms, the unit hydrograph, and the retention rate discussed
above. The hydrographs computed for these floods are shown on Plate 111-7. The high-
intensity and short-duration storm produced a peak discharge of 1, 140 cubic meters per
second and a 12-hour flood volume of 7. 9 million cubic meters from a rainfall excess of
9. 68 centimeters. The long-duration design storm produced a peak discharge of 775
cubic meters per second and a 3-day flood volume of 49 million cubic meters from a
rainfall excess of 59. 98 centimeters. These runoff values include a base flow for the
Nahr el Kelb at the Mayrouba Dam Site of one cubic meter per second.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
0.1 L
0 50
'00 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Percent of ( L.ag + 112 Duration)
ON TED STATES
1PA RTMFNI n% TNF ,NTERIOR
BUREAU O R. AMATION
w TER REsOur,; .Z' RECONNI /SSANCF
DIMF_NSIONL E SS GRA PH
MAYROUBA DAM SITE
NAHR EL KELB
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25 30 40 50 60 7080 100 150 200 300 400 500
0.2
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
01 I WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 15 20 MEAN FLOOD FLOWS
DRAINAGE AREA COASTAL LEBANON
SQUARE KILOMETERS h DR.__D_E_D.___SUBMITTED,40,..~4
TR.__R. P.W
_ RECOMMENDED! X_~
/~
Cd CH. f,. 4j APPROVED__.
j BEIRUT, LEBANON. FEB. 4,I955 OA - 10 - 5 5 4
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
It was concluded that the average of the C. S. and C. V. values as calculated for
the 1-, 2-, and 3-day flood volumes for the Nahr Ibrahim at Bazhal be used for the flood
frequency studies of the Lebanese coastal streams. A coefficient of variation of 0. 56
and a coefficient of skew of 2. 18 were used in the analyses of the flood frequency studies
for both peak discharge and flood volumes. The application of these average values to
the mean flows as determined above, resulted in the frequency curves shown on Plates
111-9 through 111-17 for the diversion dam sites selected in the Nahr el Kelb Basin. It
was concluded in the flood frequency studies that for any dam site having a drainage area
less than 5. 0 square kilometers, consideration should be made for base flow if those
sites are located immediately below natural springs. The base flow was considered to
be the average flow for the maximum month during the average year. The base flow was
added to the frequency values for both the Hardoun and El Leben Diversion Dam Sites.
All of the proposed diversion dams will be relatively minor structures. The
spillways for all of them have been designed to carry the 50-year flood as determined
by the above methods. The peak flow values for the 50- and 100-year floods, in cubic
meters per second, as shown by the curves on the above mentioned plates, are as fol-
lows:
Frequency in
Years
Jeita Balloune
Qlayaat Hardoun Chabrouka El Aassel
El Leben
Fakra
50
473
437
260
30
78
72
17
78
100
571
527
314
35
94
87
20
94
These values seem reasonable for use in this type of reconnaissance survey.
Because of the limited data available for these studies, the peak flows should be recom-
puted when additional flood flow data becomes available.
Diversion During Construction
The frequency curves shown on Plates 111-9 through 111-17 have been used to
determine the flows for which diversion should be planned during the construction period.
It should be noted, that all floods in Lebanon occur during the 5-month period between
November 1 and March 31, with the highest floods most likely to occur between Decem-
ber 1 and March 31. Therefore, any construction activities which can be carried out
between April 1 and October 31, may have their diversion requirements greatly reduced.
The values shown in Table 111-20 have been taken from the frequency curves on the
above plates and have been adopted for the selected diversion dam sites.
Diversion
Frequency
Peak
Volume (Millions of Cubic Meters)
Dam
Years
(m3/second)
1-Day
2-Day
3-Day
Mayrouba
5
114
3.50
6.02
8.12
10
149
4.56
7.84
10.6
25
200
6.12
10.5
14.2
Balloune
5
206
8.45
14.7
19. 7
10
268
11.0
19.1
25.6
25
360
14.8
25.6
34.4
Jeita
5
223
9.50
16.6
22.2
10
291
12.4
21.7
28.9
25
390
16.6
29.1
38.8
Qlayaat
5
123
3.89
6.73
9.04
10
160
5.07
8.77
11.8
25
215
6. 81
11.8
15.8
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
No. Stream
Station
1 San Gabriel River
2 San Gabriel River
3 E. FK. San Gabriel River
4 W. FK. San Gabriel River
5 W. FK. San Gabriel River
6 Rogers Creek
7 Devils Canyon
8 Tujunga Creek
9 Big Tujunga Creek
10 N. FK. Mill Creek
11 Arroyo Seco
12 Millard Canyon
13 Rubio Creek
14 Day Creek
15 Cucamonga Creek
16 Lytle Creek
17 San Antonio Creek
18 San Jacinto River
19 San Dieguito River
20 San Luis Rey River
21 San Luis Rey River
22 Santa Ysabel Creek
23 Santa Ysabel Creek
24 San Diego River
MAXIMUM RECORDED STREAM FLOW
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA STREAMS
near Azuza
above San Gabriel Dam No. 1
near Camp Bonita
at Camp Rincon
near Azuza
above San Gabriel Dam No. 2
near Sunland
at Tujunga Dam
above Tujunga Dam No. 1
near Pasadena
near Montrose
at Rubio Falls
near Etiwanda
near Upland
near Fontana
near Claremont
near San Jacinto
near Escondido
near Mesa Grande
near Pala
near Mesa Grande
near Ramona
Note:
Data taken from information furnished by the
Drainage I
Peak discharge
Maximum runoff
Karem2 area
mR3/seatec.
m3x106 Volume
Dates (incl.
546
2, 662
3/2/38
116 3/2 - 3/5/38
523
2,549
12/20/24
228
1, 303
3/2/38
66.1 2/28 - 3/8/38
963
3/2/28
76.9 3/1 - 3/4/38
702
3/2/38
234
3/2/38
3.64 2/28 - 3/4/38
40
651
3/2/43
275
1, 416
3/2/38
46.0 3/2 - 3/5/38
963
3/2/38
15.
0
207
3/2/38
42
244
3/2/38
9.99 3/1 - 3/3/38
7.
0
146
3/2/38
2.
3
57
3/2/38
119
3/2/38
4.50 2/28 - 3/4/38
26
292
3/2/38
8.70 2/28 - 3/4/38
121
714
3/2/38
32.7 3/1 - 3/4/38
44
606
3/2/38
15.5 3/1 - 3/6/38
363
1,274
2/16/27
785
2,039
1/27/16
541
1,659
1/27/16
103 1/25 - 2/2/16
834
2, 124
11/12/44
150
595
1/27/16
45.0 1/27 - 1/31/16
285
804
1/27/16
71.3 1/27 - 2/1/16
447
1/28/16
78.9 1/27 - 1/31/16
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
60
w
I-
U
50
45
U 40
LL
O 35
v)
Z
O 30
J
J
g 25
DR.-- J. M B._ _ _SUBMITTE _ _
NAHR EL KEL BA N
D
Cf~-?~LIPPROVED_~
BEIRUT,LEBANON MAR.18, 1956 OA -
0
z
0
500 U
U
450
400 Cr
W
350
W
300 U
m
D
250 U
200 0
LL
150 a
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
WATER RESOURCES RECONNA/SSANCE
FLOOD FREQUENCY
JEITA DIVERSION DAMSITE
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/21: CIA-RDP80T00246AO03400510001-7
U)
a
W 50
I-
W 45
U_ 40
co
U 35
LL
0 30
U)
Z
0 25
20
W
J
0 15
a
0
0
J
LL
DOS VpIUme
40
80
15 20 25 30 35
FREQUENCY IN YEARS
500 0
Z
450 CU
W
400 c!7
350
W
1-
300 W
150 Y
W
a
WATER RESOURCES RECONNAISSANCE
FLOOD FREQUENCY
BALLOUNE DIVERSION DAMSITE
NAHR EL KELB BA IN
DR.___J.M.B____SUBM/TTE __
TR. _ M. RECOMMENDEDL; !