INSTALLATIONS CONNECTED WITH NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80S01540R004500020001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 20, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 20, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
50X1-HUM
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
T u r
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
50X1-HUM
-Top see/et-Voo,iltito4 - Os orci e/A Ls-1 0A/ Ly
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
Installations Connected with Nuclear
Energy in the USSR
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
RD
20 January 1954
5
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
50X1-HUM
The von Ardenne Group
1, In 1945,,a collection point for German scientists was located in Khodnya
immediately northwest of Moscow, in a sanatorium under the leadership of
Manfred von Ardenne. When about 50 persons had assembled there, the group was
sent to Sukhumi, where they were housed in tie Sinop Sanatorium.
2, The Sinop Sanatorium had formerly been the palace of a grand prince and was
located just outside the town of Sukhumi. In September 1946, the sanatorium
was cleared of patients and turned into an institute for the Germans. At
that time, the installation of a transformer station was begun, a van de
Graaff apparatus was built in a special building, and the construction of a 50X1-HUM
cyclotron was planned. Dr. Mueller, formerly with Lorenz in Germany. was to
take over the high frequency woik on the cyclotron.
Ing. Fritz Bernhard was in charge of the cyclotron project.
3. The institute was divided into four departments:
a. The Physical Department under Dr. Max Steenbeck.
This department was to have worked on -separating isotopes-
but Steen-
beck felt that, because of the deficient equipment, his group could deal
only with methods requiring a,minimum of experimental work. Steenbeck
decided to start with the Clausius method. .
b.
The Phys490-Chemical Pepartment under Prof Peter A Thiessen.
The Physim-Chemical Department was better,equipped that Steenbeck's
department because Thiessen had brought '?S available apparatus from
Dahlem in Germany. gathered from Thiessen's remarks in Moscow,
1951, Thiessen had not been successful in Sukhumi. Thiessen
himself blamed the lack of literature for the shortcomings.
Thiessen, as well as Steenbeck, was working on
isotope separation.
7z-be s'Eoit*F-7-
50X1-HUM
in 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
C64,174/CoZ, - (1s- ailllgoxi-Hum
STATE
ARMY
NAVY
AIR
FBI
AEC Ev x
OSIEv
X I 1
Note: Washington Distribution Indicated By "X"; Field Distribution By "#".)
'.7) Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved fc7- Release207374/04 : CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
STAT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved Tor RDelecafec2ST37-04/04 : CIA-RDP80S01540R004500020001-5
1.5 P S?FcAtY/1,0,4,7got... AI s 0 A/ Lv
4.
5.
- 2 -
c. The Physical-Technical Department under Dr, Manfred von Ardenne.
In this department, Ardenne began with 50 persons and quickly
raised the figure to 200 peraons. These figures include, however,
the dependents of the workers. Ardenne's department concentrated
on technical-handicraft aspects, unlike Prof. Gustav Hertz's group
which concentrated orc scientific work. Dr. Herbert Reibedanz and
Bernhard (fnu) were connected with.Ardenne's department.
d. The Biological Department under Dr. Wilhelm Menke.
The Biological Department consisted,in practi6e.of one man, Dr.
Menke, who seemed to have been sent to Sukhumi by mistake. Menke
devoted himself to feeding isotopes to mice. These experiments,
however, were soon discontinued.
The
Professor Gustav Hertz Institute
Prof. Hertz
? also was working on the separation of isotopes'.
the Hertz diffusion method of ion-isotope separation, which Hertz
worked out earlier for the separation of refined gases (gAtlEalta),
. provided the Soviets with the best prospects. The fact that the
Soviets were unusually interested in the regulation technique (Regel-
technik) indicated that they planned an important experiment with
this method. A Soviet professor had come to the Hertz Institute from
Leningrad to discuss the regulation technique (Regeltechnische)
questions.
6..
'7.
Collection Station for Germans in Ozery
Ozery is approximately 30 km west of Moscow, between the railroad
stops of Odintsovo and Vnukovo.,. There was a recuperation and
boarding installation there for Germans however,
all deportees from any institute who went to Moscow were housed here,
and the installation developed into a clearing house for information
among the Germans.
Avraam Pavlovich Zavenyagin, a colleague
of L. P. Beriya, was the builder of Magnitogorsk and Chief of the Ninth
Department of the MVD, which was responsible for the deportation of
German scientists.
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
In contrast to all
the other.boviets, he mixed in a friendly way with the Germane, and
they could talk freely with him. He saw to it that the wishes of the
Germans were fulfilled, whenever this was possible.
a. Prof. Dr.
b,
following persons at Ozery:
.Max Vollmer, who worked in or near Moscow on heavy water.
Dr. Gustav-Richter and his wife.
c. Dr. Viktor Bayerl.
'71-afi eq5c4,,
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM1
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
??,???? ???? ??? ????
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04 : CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
TrID CPCDPT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
7Lofs'Ee fiEt
d AV/0 - ? FA:, C/4 ZS- 0A/A/
d. Prof. Dr. Robert Doepel, who worked as a nuclear physicist in
an institute in or near Moscow and made constant difficulties
for the Soviets.
e. Dr. Otto Baier.
f. Frau Gerda Catsch, whose husband worked with Timofeef-Ressovsky.
g. Prof. Heinrich Pue,'who worked on nuclear physics in his own
institute about 50 km from Moscow.
. Prof. Gustav Hertz.
8. In addition to those at Ozery,
9.
a. Becker (fnu) who was a glass blower for von Ardenne.
b.
Dr. Ludwig.Bewilogua, expert on fluid gas, who was the assistant
and successor to von Deybe at. the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in
.Dahlem. Later, he was with the Hertz Institute and then, for a
long time, he was in Moscow with Vollmer.
-seethed to be of great value, to the Soviets.
c. Dr. Busse (fnu)?former director of Philips in the Sudetenland,
worked on organizational matters for Hertz.
d. Dr. Oberreg. Rat Dames (fnu) was with Ardenne and worked occas-
sionally with Steenipeck. He was not important and served mainly
as a teacher for the children.
e. Dr. Werner Hartmann was with Prof. Hertz in Sukhumi.
Research Institute at Tyubuk
a nuclear research center near Tyubuk
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
was situated a day's auto journey behind
(sic) Chelyabinsk. Dr. Otto Baier, who spent about six months prior
to April 1947 at the center, located the installation southwest of
Tyubuk on a tongue of land which juts out into a small lake, exactly
on the 56th parallel. (See attached map on page 5.)
10. Dr. Baier had originally volmieered to work for the Soviets at the
end of World War II and had arranged with a special Soviet officer
to assemble experts to build a nuclear research institute in the
LIE*.a. When this plan failed to materialize, Baier went alone to
Sukhumi to work with von:Ardenne, remaining there six months before
his family joined him. He then went to Tyubuk,where he was to
develop the nuclear physical institute there. At Tyubuk, there were
four or aire other physicists who were PWs and other German de ortees.
Dr. Baier refused to work and-was sent to Ozery. the 50X1-HUM
installation was still being built.when-he left. From zery, aier
Ivi=" 5:6-c ge. 7- Coolf/A o 0A-r/c/i es- O/t/ty
50X1-HUM
w
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04 : CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
TCD CPCDT.
. .
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
11.
Yor C 1 Os- OFcicie Zs- 6,4/1y
50X1-HUM
4
was sent to Fryazino,and from there to Gorkiy.
Elektrostal Zavod No. 12. at Elektrostal, hear Moscow
before Christmas 1946, Germans formerly with 50X1-HUM
the Auergesellschaft AG had been in Ozery. Most of this group, which
was headed by Dr. Nikolaus Ridhl, worked in the Elektrostal Zavod near
- Moscow on uranium.
ScAo
50X1-HUM
co,SA.04.'- offic-7,4,4co
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Ile-lease 207374/04 : CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
TrID CPCIDFT
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5
50X1-HUM
. ? ?
- 5 -
60?
Scale: 1: 2,000,000
tat -5-?c. Ae/-catifitoL_-
6z?
?
50X1-HUM
-
?????
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/04/04: CIA-RDP80501540R004500020001-5