EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROFLORA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 629
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Document Release Date: April 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 1, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 A~7Ul
t ,.. _ .
~ ~.` f3~'= S. Adelman
. 1 , ~,r+
~-
]~ohavarie.ni, ii[. 'Z.
Viiiapi,e gerMte3.dov nR milsrotloru poeh~+.
[ffiffeet o>? herbieiflee on soil sierotlora]
Akademiia ~dtuk flrruinalt83 BSB.-3natitut~
Poleeodatva. Tridy, vol. B, PP:48-107.
1964. 64.8 Ak12
{Sn Oegrgian with ~uaaian raauaa}
Ths Institute of Field Gi ap Culture a#' the Acada~q aP Sc.enaeei
Qrusiniaa ~c3sorgiaa} SSR 3xa studied the notion bt the herbicide adsnok"
upon the activity of divarab phyaiologioal aroape, such as aeenoniFyera,
aitrityera, Banitrifyara, azotobactar, aotinaggeetea and Pungi..
oar Bata ahoR that `~dinok" atimulatee the growth and davalopmrstit of
a~ssonS,fyara. 8or ifiatanoa, the oel].a found in ~. gr oP aoi.l taken from the
control teat plot in iYM~y numbered 10 ati.ilion, but there were IOC titaes more
of then in 3 gr of soil Eros the fast plat traoited with "diaoY?. En Juno,
there t-era 10 times sore anffionifyera, than on the control test plot.
3'ha notion exerted by the adinoka ~harbioida wpon nitrS.tyiay
bacteria is aoetewt~t different = at first it depreaesa the energy of theca
bacteria, but later an it inerat-eia their growth sled davelopmeat. Thus,
for inatnnce, l0 Bays after the applieatien 4~R the herbicide, the anuiunt~
of nitrif'lrit~ bacteria was l4 t3xroa Isms than on Lhe control teat plot,
later on, howsz~ver,. a sharp inoraaae Rea noted in the aetivitq of thane
baoterin.
~ha aotivitq of denitrifying bacteria, however, shows a l0=time
.fncreaee ~uat ae aeon as t}r harbtaide ie applied.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~80i
IIpoa asotobacter the giveh harbieide prodaoes no ~ftsot whatever
at the beginning, yet afterRarde an iaarease la noted in the development of
this microbe:
lfhilo trio nativity of nctiaomyoetes ie wsal~aned as a reaalt of
~dinak" 'hsrbioidal nation, ao affaet whatever is noted on the groxth U
and deve3;ogment of fur~i.
Qur data prove that herbioidee maert the same action oa soil anioro-
flora gas 6a rid plants.
some phyeloiogicai groups inorease Chair aotivity andar the in-
fluenod of the herbicido ?dinok'a, eon~e cease growing and developing, while
soma are not at nli iafiaeacad by the herbioida.
Zt mast ciao ba noted that the positive notion of "diaok" manifeiste
itself variously apoa the different physiolagioal groups.
~Tpoa sosce groapa the positive nation of the given herbicide eani-
!oats itra3.f at the beginning of itd appliostion, yet upon others it~at
firest~ezerta a depraaeive notion, bat later on manifests its etirailnting
offsot.
 r- ~
i
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001 9~~ ~~~~
{Teb26 X01' Coxit?ata
Bps ~. Adelr~n
fial'nSko~, [(. ~.+ atad other.
$himlia gwrbitsida~ i rtitr~liwtorov
r~trc raetisii.
~4he~ietryr of fieFbloi~ea snd etiwnlant~
of plant crowrhD
ltoaYva Go;suflnret~ennoe lcauohnoaTetchniohaslroo
xedaLfilretvo ']rhimiaheskoi Literatuir8j l98l.
SBIp. E95 ~!9
Thinning of t]ii flts~nere oP apgle true ~~~~-~~.......~~~..~~~~,
Inor~aefng 13u piiil8 of agricultural ~orrope by eaed treatment
with ,growth ~itirrnlente ~~??~~-~K-w...,,...sue?~.,~~.,,~~w~~~,,.+.~
6bt~iniDb ass8liee (parthsnooarpia) lruits^and inorsaairng the
~7.eld of ag~Soaltaral drags bq treating Manta with growth
Chemical pruning ~chel~anlo-~ of plants ~_-~
?.._..w..=~_.~..M~..~
Aeloliante w~GWifi~ytiiliww~waaiiiTiw~~~wwiir'saii~iie~ww~w~~ili~aiM~P3
'Fiolation of 8ormanay in plants
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 J2
Beds o! wpptioation of ohenioat ~rorth eticruLnts end aurbi~
oidee iA plwnt culture -~~..___.?..,_~_?~,.._~.?....~~..-
Ptwdera or pwsts~ water soluble ~?~~?.:.??_~.,..........__~.?
lg
Pewders whioh with Prater produne a gsrepwrwtion aaapeneion
applicable to eprwyin~ --__-..w?_,..~...._?---.._?_?r_,.~. lp
Ynilaien COripintratiotu ri.?.r____?_,rr.r..__?_++.~.+__.~r....r_ 22
Poadsre (duets) !or daatirr~ -?_~-...??_.,,__,,.~,,,~?a,,,,?,~,~,,,,,,,i ~~
~erosele and fn~ri.6anta ~-?w.,..w_r_~w.~rr~+_r...w_r?.~?.~__r__ $~
~e~eR'enCee +~....~r_.._r..r....?~Q,r_....~?.rw.:.._....ir~ari.~.?.?..+3.~....?~ww__a Z~
ChB's' ~? _$ydx'ooarbons hriloben deri~ratisee of h~*droowr"bone and'
,~itY6 cofepou a ?.._?....~.?__..,.??,~....__~.?._?_~..._._w__. ~9
andiviflual 1u*dreowrboru ~-+~__.,?_?._.~._,.~._.,.__~....~?~ ~9
afiheral 011e rec.r~.r_r_wr..r~?rrc..~_?.?._s__ir..:~.+__r.irr.._ar+rrrrr
a>kioaea deriwatiree of hydroowrbona ?.`..?:-_.._~:,.o.,...r.~..,.,,,~
Aitre o~onnde ?~.~_?r.....~__._..?.w._.=..._.._.?r..~..__
~eZef`ineia +__r._+.+_~.++__r+._f...r.~?..~.~..?.,_?:.___~..r,...___~r,~?_
Chapter II. Alcohol, phenols and ample sthr~e ~~.-_.,__~_,.,..+.Q.__,,..
Other phenols ~.?._?....__.,?~_~..~.~?_~..#.._.~_....____......_.
~ia~le ithlrs ~r.__...........~_.:~r._?..rnrr?_r...r_.._r..r.?r~.r?
Chapter Ia:Y. Alds es ihd ~etdnei ++~??...__~?__?...,.,,___,..,,,,_? ag
Aromwtia and aliphwtio-arcer.ristist ~.~~-~..
iirthbdr +~' obbaiair~ +...~..~~._?--__ - -- - -
~kli~3dt3a'~, raprasentatirsr mf ar3*Ie~gslfg7,mas~bb~lio raids
~DPiicatira at a~yloxy*a11p*loa~rbcsr~iic aoids
bistribnEfon of ari*ioz~s]~4,gloar~lib acids in platrts .??
hods mt appliaatibn mt ~,.4-diahlaroPbst>ooe?y7rostio abfd and
rsiwtsd ao~rounds - --~_-- -
$sktlmti of plarsiclmgiaal am#ftrity/ !:m al'LIa3.aat strnctars ~i
1Ksa>'aaisir of action Ot PhsriaxyaostSe atlids ++~.~?F~.+~...~,~.~r.
-aal,~sirR ist3~ods ~ trMdiohiarbPhsnor, amstia acid and ram
iatld mba~lmgAd# r.~o,+..r.1...rwr~.ar..pr-rrrr~r~.,-~c+siMwr...i~,r~n
Chap'tar'~II~ J~Sd.r~ss and 't1?ir dsrlga+~irss u ---...,~.~~~~
J)sri?ti~ar of j~`"Ph+nos~stlr~lasSas --- -.~~~~
~uatsrtsarjr ass-oafua Ira;ts ------ -=~---- -
~sfsrsnsss - ~.
tS9
Z~
D48
psi
D~
~~
3T7
ddi
~>f4
Chriptwr ~. Dsriratiws mt marbonio acid ?....:....~...~..,,_~.~~?~~.~,, ~~
Carbmntb acid ssbrs .~-.~~...:~.~.~~_,,,`~~,~,~,,..~.,_~,,,,~ 29E
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~.qp$
Drrivatins ct dithiaoarbonio aoid ~~--~~---------??--~--.~~ ~*9E
beii~ativai of zantho~nio aoid ~-~__~?_.~..?.-..?..~,-- 294
Ethiri tsf aarbasia said and 4ta deriwtfvi~ +~.~.~..._~:..... t96
p1~ii?ingiaal aoti~ity ~_.-~+~_-_~?.~_~~.~...--..~.,._-----..-.. x9G
d4~
Iiithodi of abtainita,~ -----~=o-=~F~-~.w?~.~..??.?..~~.?.i-~-~~?-- 5i~
~-ppll.aation of tlti atbiri of ary~.oarbasio aoids -.+a..~=~_ a08
a10
Ghrptrr Z. ~tirioyolio ao~ .-...w-..
plXyii4lotioai aotieity of S?iadol~I~3,~1aRrbonio aoidi~ of their
deri~atiTai and analo
i
-._..,~
.~.~
ad
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-
.
.~...,
G
Ht~tsroaui:in ..~._~__.~__,~........_~.~..
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aa4
:?.'.pateraaoxin pro
...
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arL?isi .~....-..-r---?~.F
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aa4
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p
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....~.,.
.
_.~___.~_..__w~;_...
Yitbida e!' obtainit
.
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gas
.
..
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~
E~ppl+oation of hit~roawcin atld itr horolo6i ~?-~?-~~-__~
a4?
a-xndol~l-1?ts-pro
:~
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ioaic aoid ~?.~-----..--Y
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~_.._.~.~~,..~..,....._~+...~~......_
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>irthoda of abtaiaits
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a-iedolgi~~4batyrio said [S-Yndoiin~ilisnaia ~.a_
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Riferbncai _..~._~_~.+.,..~_..,_..a.~
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Chaptar Xl. th'~ania elaiunt Cr~l+aantoor4atiiohari~a) ooapouadi -~~
a80
5;74
Ot'~
anio atipoundi o! avDronry ~-~,.___....~,.......?._a~~.,~._~~
. 'a74
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~~'~
O,Fgan3,o cose~~ndro ttif` ,pho~phbru>~ rsnd ~.rmen5.C
$~fi~P$21CQS ,~rr:~.:..~+.r:w ?r-.car,~ra~rYrGiw.iie+.arw..~~:~.~daar.-~~rrN...i.::wwrwr,
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
lal Baas. A~705
. (Ia gill)
~ _ Pys ~, ~~iT[atanko
~~' OheL1k04~ Z. p.
37avot i ego primenenie.
tti+uure and its' uti23aation~
Yn" Spra~iohnit( ag~onoma po ~dgbreni3.a~a.
2~ rav., p.98-12H Yos]cv~, 06dut~rratvanaoe
Z>~datel+itvo ~eB+uko`Tf}ioziaistrez~oi 1T.tteritury,
1955: 67 ~C42:Sd. E.
(1ti &uesiati)
I~biarb Sa a mixture of hard ahcS liquid ezcrbmeats of farm ahit~aale and
of theSr litter. 1'he quality oP ts~?hure depends, to a considerable de~ee,
oa the type of cslims7.e; os the quality of t'aed, on the amount and kind
of littcr;t oh Ste ptgr81aa1 and che?ical properties aFid oa the aoethoda of
storing the raaure.
C_~sit4.on: of ldttar mad _oT_aiasure.
~~
Abe orbiszg~t ualitiea
(Eros various aouroes
300 ;parts by weight of dry litter
absorb_rarte of ~iator
6traw of winter aye
" a "
$~
dheat
170800
Straw or Data
I7U=-2z8
" bar~,6y
~ 800
a a apr?ing wheat
" ?
170-300
`i9.ater egelt ~ ~
300
e n ~
c "
z80
clover
`260
w m alf'e~1fa
" "
a aH0
a~illat
840
fl a buo]zFhe4t
2H0=-360
dose ~
soa-.=7o0
peat msadoi. (frets 1~,ri,anQe ~
~
600-700
sao~~y (frame 3i5.ghlaada
100{k~=I500
Leaves ~o! beenh
200
" " oalr
a
400
" white beech $2Ea
~' birch
'300
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-iRDP80R01426R010300010001-9 `~~
bind cP 15tter
1n~ves"c4~.ltn@an
$- aepea
(Begin p.^99$
Coniferoas treadles
E`ir ",lapki". ipan~
#3}srviage
v;`w8ust
peat harp
r4'tarl3ar of ;lerusalara arl~rihtil~
Potatc haulms
r;50
'820
T &_b ,3:_e 8~. (oontinut~'~__
l 0 parts by weS~ght of flry 13ttsr.
ebsorb, parts of .liter ____- . -~ _--
lbf)~200
~0
600
400+446
4f)b-x'600
210-278
180~~E$0
1~Fa
t
er~
~ltr, n
Phosphtsrua
Fotaeeiuat
Lime
p
~~
lr/~
P-0 -
~~
Ca0
Straw oP w3,ntar tihast
14:0
0
~6
0:20
`0.9
0:
2
8
~ ~a
~
1418
o
A
iY6
Oi26
~i'0o
/
~(
~
0.29
b fi
y
~Lrf
14:8 '
0
: fib
'0:86
I,60
x
ViYV
" "
aprina ti-heat
1i6:0
0
:66
0:20
0:7b
'0:28
Sadgo
14''0 I
0.42
2:00
0.36
~vaa of
onlc
1410 ~I
Oi54
0:28
2:02
?9d1ea o
~ sprtzca
0
:'60
0:20
0:08
0.64
~ u
pane treb
0
.80
0:10
0:18
0:46
balsam fir
it
X0
:90
0;20
0:18
1.60
Forte
~.
2
:40
0:46.
2:42
Peat aread
o+t
$0+0
2
E0
0:80
0:20
,~,
"~ ~lrcaa
26.0
.1
:05
0:10
0:02
0:80
. Sawclu'st
0
.20
0.$0
0+74
1..05
Ths Oo~agosition Of straw cf minter cr epresg crops fl.uetuertes;
depandSng og the fertility of the soil,,, an the uas~unt of introduoed ford-
1$sers end ether conQitioaa (bee table 86j..
SFhe Briar bha litter ic, tha more ligafd it can abearbs, acrd tPree
16es litter is ~eededi
 - --
oP grai
crops
_
lesuminou
plants
Drg.tnos
6 y
composed ~
peat moss
~
deo
posed,
t
tee aw ut ,
leaver, ehavirigs
,
ig oa tle
'g=5
, 6
- - .~
6..g
8~1
E g,~g
8orsee
'2-4
-E-b
l.fi.2?
8?! ~
b=6
Egg 2-4
Sheep
O.b-1
O.b~-1
0.26-0.
.. ~
+. '
..
F'iga r
.
a
~ -.
sows with you.n& piggy
'6-7
8-8
~g-4
s
Boars
l.Fr='S
P.?g
~.~
E.S
1.5- 2-5
'Show, that rsre Pat
-
-
tenea
~eanlir~s
'.1-2
0:5=1
1. G=2
1
(kl
}.:8-E
_?
I.2 1.b~2
1-
.5
0.
O.b~-1
d.5- l~l:S
hi6hiy parohed lowland peat abaorbn liquid very alo~wlyY for this reaeoa .te
moisture oontant, then used at litter, ahould not be lens than bd=38,'i.
?1'}is amount of litter depends to a oonsiderable degree on the
gaalitp of Podfler. R}ten the Poflfler is w?tery muoh mare sitter is needed.
~heit in the household there ie a great amount of ltter'~eateria;,
the doses of litter, sheen in table'g4, oan be (eentenoe ooatinaed after
table ~i4,):
Tab ].a g8.
The co~ositia+~ oP strew oP wintez rye and oats, flependiag on the kind and
amannt 6f Fertilizers; introduced Sato the soil tin ;per cent for air-dried
materials) _
___ ___(acoordinR to analyses aP Vltlla!)
aw of n er a
aw of slate
Find a
d d
8
otes
n
1tro
~
phoap orn
Potaaoi
nitro Phcephoru 3~otassium
of Pertilisera
(N
?(Y206)
~0
(~,~ ' ~pgOg) gE0
1[ithout fertilizers
O:gB
O.ll
0.6g
0.42 U12 0:88
lhnure EO t~ha
O.A4
O E9 ?
0:74
O.S1 0.88 0.8~!
" 40 "
0;80
O:gp
d; 95
.a
~60p46g4E
pgdlC80
d: BB
0.41
0:27
b.28
0:80
0.860
0:7d 0:32 1:03
O.fE 0.54 1.1e
.~? _-
Qab le ~.
Amount-of-litter_,aeeded Pot oae head of cattle (fit 'da Prom different sauroes
_ - aw aw 'o - Li ht1 e~ 729 iu T
 Snereasad Ono and a 'ha'lf to two time. Tttixiaatioa of straw, peat and athex
f
~ar,terisxa as fitter fi one of the beat a!ethods to trwrca^c>r`m 'them into
`aluable brgaaia Pertiliaers. Hy increasing flee emaunt of litter one warn
increase the sacivm"ilation of aanare ona and a haxf to two times.
Campoaitibn of hard and liquid ezaree-ents depen$s sot only oa the
typo of aai~al, but axao on the finality of fodder. .Aaaording to fairly
teuneroua anaxyses by `YfUAl1, t'he composition of the aniBal arine an~
_
>xens
1?80
44:0
1:88
O: BS
E40
4:94
x:84
0:46
Oeesi
77:x
22:9
0:68
11:85
0:84
0.20
'0:54
0:x4
Ducks
58:8
48:4
x;:00
0:8E
1:94
0:88
x:40
'0:86
Pigeons
54.'9
48.1
1.78
3.00
7:.80
0:50
3.78
0.33
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~7{~
yimita oP fiuotuation~i of the composition of aniemi mine e.nd or poultf~q
~flr i de adin on the aetount and uwli of fodder yin er oon~
lfitro n 8
oTm of ezcreme~te - ~ g? oapho otRSeiua
(P~OB~ (~[g'0~
Ur9.ae of hotaes
4SE3-1:G0
-
0.8t-i,.80
a w b~ oattle
U ~~Eef)98
- :.
0.2I-0:84
Chioken dioppiu~ (war-dtied~
1.~a6,'8E
X6.8-8.68
b.5=2.$~
1'he ffior6 of the ooaeentrmtea (udders are introduoed into the apimnls~
ratioru, the sore nitrogen ~xnd pcta~sians is coutaiRed in the anir~s5.~urine.
6
sarA ~e~orements
(kg~day~
X1:8=2, S
x.~~z.s
oRtt3e
~~orees
Shebp
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 p8
~ ~'sh.1~ '$9~a
...
$ oeition_oS_fresh xamii~a: in, er cent' -from_ana se of viii _'4'YOAA?-afsd -other eouroee.
ure Srom stra~r er- -- ,---- --
nure- roe s ttea---_
Co~poneiat ~p1-pt8
.
arlee
~
g
oattle
~a ebp
p gb
oTOea
~ ig cstt e
.
Wn br
7b.0
71:8
77:8
:6
7 :
7.0
77.'
Organic matter
21:0
2b:4
20:8
81:5
.25:0
~
~S,trogan {F) general:
0:50
O:SB
0:45
6.88
6.45
6.86
O:dO
lgitrogez- - ~roteia
081
0:35
-0:26
-
0:49
O: S6
~ = a~daiutu,
0:15
0: i9
0:14
6:20
0.28
0:18
Phaephorae {F~ bbd
4:26
0:28
0:28
X0.25
0:1?
0:26
0.22
potaeei~s {1t2~)
0:60
0.68
0:60
0+s?
6:60
0:63
0:48'
3..a1e {Ca0)
0:85
0 21
0:40'
0:83
0:16
.0.44
0.46
~gpeeie '{#(gb)
0'x'16
0:14
bi11
0:16
X6:03
??
Bulfurlc aaitl {80S)
0.10
0:09
0:06
0:15
0:;08
Chlorine {C$~
~
0,04
6:10
0;~7
0:'17
~-
~-
eilicio mcid {8302
.a
'1.77
0.85
i.4~
.1.06
..
Ferric' and n,lumittuffi
oxiee {~20aj
~
0:11
il.65
0.24
0.07'
in fe coateat of nutrieat~ for pie.nts,, the:horem and ?heip
manatee are s+~eh richor than the large oattleig oi? the pigb. {,~6egin ,p.IOS)
lrhe aaount and quality of litter grartly influenoea the content
of nutrients in rnhurba the peat mtanure ie auoh richer inn nitrogen, than
the uaual~btrA`~'manure. 'i'he big6bet inflaenob on the oc~pobition of
b~nure ib pr~duoed by the quality of the fafl8or. 'fhe more nitrogen,
pho~phorue,, potaeeiua~and other elements aret containelt in the fo@@erey
the richer i.et'he tenure.
Fluatnaticns in the oompoeition of t'rbsh raaar6, 8opendiag on the quality
- -- oi' Loflclsra in _ r Dent from VYIIAA anal es .
-
]I-nure
- -
- -
-- -- -
Companent ~pe:rts
HoraO's
Corr a
8iga
i ogee ki
fl: ~0:
.Zd+ . b
0. X1:06
1'hcaphorur~ {P U6)
0:18=0:6f1
0.17:m0:66
0:15+0.78
Fotaediura (~~)
6.286.'80
0.19'0,76
0.'22+0.66.
A~
L'
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 T4E
4o~apotQent pei~ti
'Fresh
aoanura
~Yter
2 tiaoni~ii of
etari-
~4ter ~
months of
etii3'a
A!'ter 6~$
~anthe of
store e
1-atis
7R4
7b:f3
74:4
86sG
4r6apio aubita~iaii
~~l.d
ID:E
leb
x.9.6
l~itrogeh (!C) total
4:62
4380
4:86
4:95
" protein
4.E$
4+~8
4:Sd
4:88
" ati~oni[aa
`4:16
4:12
0:10
0:06
~haephorua ~p 06)
4+E1
OEB
:4:46
4.48
~'otreiiasa (Y2~S}
4.84
4.84
O. la
4.84
Attsotatfon: R`hi ohangie to the aorrpoiftiaa o! ss~nure !'rom gather
typis of an.ima}:e, depending on, the tisri at its itor-6e, pxoaesd sp~a~a4.-
mately in the eauae tatf4.
the aaapasition at tenure ohatigvs great7.,p 3epenfliag on, aond5.tion~i
and length o! its etorage. '4ader aonditioni, aihire loidee of es~nure~e
atutritive iativitancia by a of leaahi4g aut hq ran pr' tha~irid r"sateri
tiara etoluded, ;#2ie folla~ring aependenoe 'afar been firs4~y eittibliehids the
lonsger the manure Sa 'i?ept, sn8~ aanae~ses~ty, the hiller degree bt deaom
pavition it reaohei.,~ the higher Paeaoiaei thi peroezitage content bf n'itraaen~
phoiptioruit potaviiaa and o! ether ale~aeT~ti, but the ldnier biootaei the aontent
o! a~noniua nitrate ~+bee tnbie s~j: ~4nlg is a (begin p.14~~ aiPnure sirith
.high strati content, rihiah !i eisi-diaorr~poaed, aan there 1ze liii imean5s,,
than in a Pallsr dooasapovid ohe.
w3tion oT horse ~uantire, 6epeadin6 on the 8esxee of ite deoaxpavitl.on
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300 0001 9703
to f t 4IIIAA data
en and nt or' io enbs_ ncas t~ arnura rrra_
ta6'~a ~:
:A~ara6a Ioecei oY nitrogen and rrt ox~raAio subrlxncss tram ~nura, $egaading
oa the langtk of its storage {in par cant lro~a the initfa1 oontant of 'nifiso=
tosses
Auer 2 Months
liter 4 ~aontha ',
Attar 8-$
et stow a
of afore
aontha o!_ator
~'6ta1 nitrogen
~(h~6
50+56
~k~6D
Organic matter
t6~?30
56=40
!btAwQO
i'otal fossee of nitrogsn and o! organs.c aattar 'r}.n rrmire 'inaraaaa
during itr 3oFigvr atarags (and, obnsequa~t7yp with intanritiaation Sn ~.ts
dsabsbposition).
xorte+fer, as the loasas of organic matter t~^og thi r~esan in the
ncapdsiticn o! sataurs during ita atarar ueuaily ezcaafl the t.aaoes of aitro-
Bsni with a f:ozagar atorag~ of ~oaaur~, and. ~rS.th an inoraasa 8a its Bea
poaitAcn, as a rule, theta ocours a rise in the paroanta~s oontai~t of ritrn~gan
in ~tianura in t3~e prasanoa of coasi.darabla t.oasae et the feamirs'e total
araouat of n7.tregsn.
~Ti0aaa6 of toted oo~ikaat bt nitroaon Suring the stcraga of anuara are
the lowez, the asrallar ~rss tea coatenis +~? a~.trvaan 'in the trash, initial
? - the more nitro ~e
mtnure. Aod ~o~ ~~~, the rtchar lrai the !'rash syanure !n nitrogen ba+
ooxaa 1oat, and thu8 wS.II the parcentraga caritent of nitrogen ih nrnure
gros aiow+r mating storage tisa. .
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R0103000 001-9~~~~
&ses of nitrogen during a 4~-~oatha atorege of ~nnrs, ~8epondinq oa t'he nmonnt of n4.trogen
~rR'iohirms prasent in the Free'h ~atture (aocorditt to ~itTA11 data f
tenure from etrarr litter
ti-nure from peat litter
~Aunure .from ~o - 1'itt?r
a t`
Contents of ttitr
saes o rem
on tt s a n ~
-ease aF ni=
`
Contents of
Yoesss of nip
gea in tresli
6ea {in ~ of the
rogen in fresh-
trogen (itt ~
nitrogen 'ia
troEen (itt x
matture (in ;i)
iaitia], oorrmtent
manure (in ~)
of zhe ini~
fresh ma..
of the ni-
riitra en in.
5
tial oontettt
Hare yin
~( ~)
timi ooratsttt
~nsnure~
of ,nitrogen
of nitrogen
--
in mannre --
- ,
in satinze
d:b
:P
p:
x
6:
a5
4
U
S
.~
3
j
~oi4e
Q
C
~SfW
of fii/
e
p
~iBiB
~
]
~
ViYG
l
~
j
~S.V
o:so
sl:~z
o: so
zs:7
p
Q$2
l.E:&
D.40
8.4
~
t.
,(Begin p.1CtS~
Sh6 higher is the done of 'ASt-ter, ttie more manure is obLs3nefl and
the ensller xi.il'hs the losses in nitrogen daring storage.
A petit 1Sttar helps i.n a,sharp deoreaee aF losses in .nitrogen Pram
manure, casigazed to etraa ~r ~-oadq litter, although in a peat manor?, as a
role,-there is sore nitrogen, thorn in manures .prepared from other Linde o!
littori
Influence of storage oosaitSons_ on,mattnre*s_ gnalit~.
It is ostabliehed that the speed of deao?posftion of orgs.nta mmtter
is in close dependence on the cottiilti,ons of sioSsteaing, of temlierature atifl aF
arei~tion of ~s.nure. She-mbst vigorouii decastpositiba oP sattnre happens
~fhsis its siaisture oontent ie at 66 to ?ifJb. 11ith the lo~ering or att 'in.
crease in feoisture Doyond these lim~.ts tho ~epeed of annnrerce ?eoax~asition
iii retiaf~ed. 8eration produces an espaciallq great influonoe on the tet~apo of
deao~apositoh of s~tiarei Thd easier; and in a greater gusatity, dace
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~~
dxgaen of the air crater the stock pile of manure, the store vigoxoue~.~, and
at a higher teraperaturs, doss the aiaagre deooapoas. Aerat$on, anal, con+
!legusrit~,p, the te~aperature also, are regulated b9 the Volume of the stook
,pile aP ~raatrb, as rrs].l ap by a d6gxee at Sts paeki.na anQ moirtan$[s~
during tae $lOOL~Oe$tien got satnari under practiea`l conditions".
9aeicus method: of raatsnxe'rs 'storage axe pr%iduosd Sn praatics, 9y
a rrp6ois.1 prcoedura of atackSng it up in a pi'ls... Z'tte,so~Calisd, hot stssrage
of sprnuro is achisTSd bar a loose pSling of nmraure Sn naxror piles, oot
sieSer t'loan ~~ na.
The anaerobic, or, eo~alled, cold storagtr !oi' tenure its aohis~d
by hearq paoki#rg of a suttiaiently anise rgtuttrs, piled Seto a staeY net .less
than ,a~4 >s Sn width and i.'sr,-2 m Sn height.
19ze third, 1us?e3allsd, hot~prssaed sathod of awnare storage is
~aohiaved erlth a 1COSS pSlifig ~6t senors in layers eff?100 as thick, se3.th a
aubse$uerat ixuaadiat~ 'hear prsssi~ doh oi' each 'lxgsr, tiheu te~aparature
of manure reaches ~b-6Q'. #7~w~a us$ng thi$ sestYaod, not D.esa than 'S oY !i
layers of aatxare mra pat iq, so that an oeerall height of tYaa astaok,
after packing, xould rsaah at laast i.'6=2 : (iee tabis 42~.
Bitli t'hs sold ~asthod of storage there Se several t9.t~res 1?es of loss
of 'nitrogen end of oraauia eaattar, a~parsd to other ~sthoda of s~aanre
storage. lioaides 1iaSa, during the cold aiathod of etgxage, nitrogen ria-
mains Sn a store act$ve fora and is sore aaaeesible to teas plants ~(sse table
k~uritg cold aaethod of ascnnxs storage theta is a sral~:er aooa~ulation
bf ~itanure mater, than ~r1th ate other method. In taste by IIISiJ for aaoh ifl tons
?a flf fresh r~nure during ~ months of storage there ties an acoumulation of
~~ tesnure eaters tr].th the oold mmathod - 190 ~~ with the 'hotFpxseeed ~ AGO Y,;
anfl with thY loose ~ IOQU T:.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 F703
Aootsrdistg tb ?~ti3d eYpet~i~teatb; aaaduot~d bq if~IT, ~y ptUAAy 'and
other ~~grisaerita3 Inetitatfoae; withbhe 'A~ntradaoti.aa ~f differfut'Fy g8e~
gated ,?aaree astder potatoe?; winter rge ~~ 'sprfng grain Drape; the h#.~2nDSt
istd~ostssa Sn y3.eli~e were abta~.stmd with the oa3.!! '(ao17.Q) aasthed ~oP .~saarerori
~tbrage ?eve tab3e Q#~3 ~Hag~:iu ps7:QG]
6t b :~ '4 ::#2
Compostfon of yard (fa per oont~ during d4.fferent methada of ~togage Sn
eaeeed
1~itrogeit {~~ tata3 j
x
;63.
X6:6
6
0:71 ',
''6
6R
0:
67
OFD'
prot~iisi
O:
s7
6t
h ~
86i ~
0
:87
0:
#4
0:#2
~itt~i~ets 8 amxon9:alg !,
0.
26 ~,
O: x
6
,
Q3.6
6
:24
f):
2~
x:18
'pktaephorut. (F~-~Js-)
0+
88 ~
0:4
3
bi#B ~
0
:97
Q
98 "
:0:51
,gatatsstium (~2~b1
0:
4L
0:4
8
0.62
~
0
:87
d+
?9
0 ,~3
(6et0)
0
3a
OE
#
41122
'
Q
:19
0:
24
0:24
rgs
nto foattor
~
U
l
~I:
7 ''
Yd:7
8
i~
1
0
'
6
38:
0
3.7
6
/
~
L
_
~Y~W~ ~
~4i
6$ ~
$16
1 I
~
y
9
7.f1 ~'
9
A
i VB
''?~
?
?
pQ
~GG/
/~~//~~
'Vi VV
Oe3lulafse ~
8:
82
X6:8
8 '''
6:47
6
:88
6:
89
6:78
t'astti>aase
8
.69
$:#
9 ''
~i49 ?'.
8
.7g
~:
8 '
'3:.66
,Average 'los+site (in ,per neat) of 'ozga~-io ~ttir end tiP stitrogs~n darX>sg 'alffereht
,te$thada pP ~m~a sito~ags for 4 saorttha, An mctSF+Rge of 6 ti]ate (aoaarding to
st~rs+_an
- a #asw ' _ er '
Huse ,'on -
est _ - r . _ _ _-
I~thoda 'of 'atori!>s s~aro
aeb of,
orgattio
sQatter ~
Losaee of
ftitrogs)s
- ~
east oP
~,geusArs i
_ mattdr
~.oe?ss og
tt'itro&ah
oz a ~e pass ttg'
FIot~pre5se8 (looee paoY~ ',
fag wf.th ~eabtsegaent press-
Sag
S :6 ~
Z#8
~
23:9
0:'
f329
6s
.
3.K:'1
Cald (preeeed pao c)cing)
~+~
1{1.7
~6
20
 //
,-.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Goni~ideriag that, according to all agriouiturally valnable pro-
pertiea, both the .loess aafl the hbt7,sreaaed raetholls,b? atauro storage ars
iafe"riot to t$e prersed (aolfl) method; thin last oae ahoulfl bo e.dapte3
ae 'else aroet e?Sicient methofl ?or aeancsrbss etarage.~xs `:?~a:?: ~ ?'- c-?_ --a.,.,`:
'[begin p:lOr1J. _
b I e 44.
ln?luence o? roarioui atethode o! rianure*e storage on the yielfl o? Agri-
aultaral 6'rops {in a~ha) {aeoor81n6 to Qeta oP V`Y[TAA ezperS.aente, cots-
fluobed bn podzolio soils oT the Oeatral. Skpo4iment ?itation o? YYUAb in
hodr o storage oP anter_ n ~.V. ~L~o e_ er _ ~ of r b??ec o?
coj-sa matsur8 and dos a acrear Yie d c t ncroaa me_rna~_a4ter" ots'tose
sr ..i .1. ".~ n ~`~rinrGnltw
annotation. TAe dose of eaoh ?bra ~` manors psr l ha, eh~n 9?n
the fi"rat oolrmtn o! ?~e tablet isr~a obtained ro~m'30 tome o? fresh misnuxo.
>iot~prerred anethod.c? pr`epat~r-tion of manure according to agricul=
tnriil ladioators it teore valuable than the loose method, shsn s~u~ure is not
pressed fltri-n either while it ie piled into the titack or after itr heating
'Sn the stook pile.
>Ifa$titig for a hot periofl of d.eoomporition to realise and to imp
tapdately ,press ddwn the manure ae the temperature its it risita to 6di and
higher ~e reoomnjendsd Sn the ?ollot~ng caaar.
l: tihen tlu veterinary Burgeon ?n2lr it neoerrarg, ae a means 'Co
,,
oontral helmfntito~t9a or the pathogens +5P 9thsr diseases in animals.
Yhen ~a large amount of atra.Q is used .for littereg not lase than
r. t, -
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 X745
S. rshan a neaerrita arirra to prepare iri a short period a wall
dscotrposad miu:are (tor instanoe, for appliortion to spring tic crbpa
i
sprio6 wheat, barUy, or acre othir crops),
~rrangbraat_of_ storage~laca_foP srtnure attd the taohni us of ill
~rmire ~fure
'~ basin vrriantr exist for the arrangement cf storage planes w .
oarsraand sad pit. Tt the soil watsrr aliae it; it is aiwayr batter to
arrange a pit atoraae plane.
t)a3=ing ~daIIO~pO/ition of atanura a laS'6a anraunt Of s heavy/ Carbon
di~ida is developed, which PSiI= :up the pit, and in this wry cheoles the
entrance of the air~a oxygen into the reanure. Carbon dio9dde hinders the
trrttrfor~oation at amronir oompoands into a *rblrtiis etat?. Rhrt is why
isx a pit etcragt plane the decorpositicn ~{BSgin p.1~B] of mstture prooseds
with ssaller losses Hof nitrogen and of orgraio matter.
In southern atut south-saetirn 8ry regions the .pit tape of storage
plwees era arranged area beaausa in overground ataolis ir:nars dries out vary
ioon~ sad its proper dacomporitiaon snit Sts hurifioation era disrupted.
lfheri otiaosing the type of tenets storage p~.ros it is alto aeoersera
tc stake into consideration which of the types will allow a rseohamisation oP
labor-oowrumir~ worla of piling in ~rusd of rsmoring the manure. 'tt-Sa con-
sTder-atioa oftaa has a deoiaiw reanirng. In the .pit ty~+b of sboraga plane
it ie ~zch seater to ereohanisi the pilira in of rattura ittto rtaeke, but it
Ss sears difficult to sssohattis? the loading,duriag rerovai of ire. 4he
.storage places are recosrendefl to b e a?,ranged not leer than 60 m array #rca
*niaai quarters i.n places, tifhioh are .sot ittunitrtad ba raffia or thawed Paters.
> 14ee vise of ? mare storage place Sa detezxzi.ned by the number of
cattle, by the height of piling cY rynare into the storage pircef and bytthe
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Fort younger gene..
ration oP cattle sad
horses up to E years i
_ - aP ale -- y~
\O
pigs,
1:5
0.6 '
orbs 'ep
and gotta
agie reeioroal
boubte exiovwt
Q:6
X0:'2
the simplest aver,ground storage place Far ascots repreesnts a planned aroaf
LT tPAe !'L'r~A
on the surl`ace o! tl~i grouady whioh is .elop7.ng to+"rards a storage tank for
manure xater, Tn order to keep the 'liquid nanure from Morning beyond the
t2iaite of the storage place, the area ie eurraunded, with the ezesption of
eatranoe and of exit, by a irxr barrier, ].0-2U cm in height3 'The sD.dth o~ the
overgrouad ~tnraga place ahmstd sot exceed 10?12 n.
$he basin condition, whioh every typo aP manure storage plate shau'ld asset;
ie a solid, impenetrable bottoms best of alt iS it ie aosreTed either by
oemant or asphalt.
Pot t00 bead o? oAttle the width of the pit alostg the bottom should not
axaeed 9-1a m, self depth ~ '1 m,
xha earth, whloh to removed Prat the pit f piled in as embankment
around the tenure storage plane. the walla oT the pit are madb nt as angle
or 46-B0~.
bcttma and the watts must be impenetrable: If the ground ie cleyag
and does 'not oontala arm tiatei then it ie eaouah to tamp the walla and the
bottom very sell. ~~egin p.109] In orther asses kneaded loax Se piled in a
layer of 20+$0 om and than tsuaped welt. to order to make it moire solid the
bottom oP the sotaure storage plena fe oorvsred by atones; by broken ar whole
i ~ brfokii, woody or other suitable s~aterial: Tt iaald be good also to use the
.~ nbove materialm to ao~rer'the walls.
esovsd Eros the storage plaoe.
4able 44. a.
Brea oP a manure atoraaa place per one head of~oattle, xhen piling manure
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9~
In order to oellect the srnare tinter, whioh aaouaalates during
dixorpasitiom or ss~aura, wt the aides or the atosaae place are arranged
rsature water storate taNes (fib ? and 7)
Yule ar ilS.~ari d. Loaaitndinal agars section or #t? aa'nare water
i`itU of ri~ar?_ ~. ? detail of the earth iabati]oaaat and ar the
dischar6e #re~h.
S'he hoidin~ eapaoity o! that part or the stari~as tank which lies below the
pit's bottctia should not bs lesr #ian O.d ~~ per awry lOb ~ at the aria or
the pure Ee pit. fhe ho#tax pi`tfir pit should haw an appropriate
elope in the dirsotion.Iron the oeatrai passa~r tbrouph the stomas pit
to the tsinure water store`s tanks:
-round t}r setaure starags pit ditshes rer train and thawed waters
tram be sacde ~tig: 7): ~hegin p:llo~:
3i#bsr the pft ar tris arsr`roand rramara stomp pUass dart ba
~,radually filled with ssparate staekr or Msnare, tidtioh are Drat legs than 2..5
n iu wiltth. Tf3s first steak is piled alora6 cue or the loci silos a! the
staraaa plao?. i'hr second frtaaY, which should be pissed aloselyr to t}ia
#irs#+ should not be started heroes the rir~t it piled 1:6 #a 2 sA high,
in a prseeed state. bns should proeeed Sn this wanm*r until the whole
atorags place, inaludit~ lehe central ~essais is aasgilite~y tilled,
lisle ar riR: 8. ~aaure rtorap piase, aatordinj to a deem
SalrYhorproelrt of #hs 1~nietry et -~rioulture ar ~iB$e ~- pnerwl tiriewp
,b~ desisnj Or lonjitadinal arose ass#ioti~ ~~ twbaral arasr~seotiea.
111th sash a tiiannar at fi1318t, 'Lars or nitropn is lost, ~,1sd5,n p.lll~
and all t13s ssmire in strap is s~garatsd aooerdind to the len6th of '~Sie
thst it is stored end, oonsegaently, aaoerdinr to a degree of dsoaragaritiott.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 : CIA~RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~~
3'ke firm etaa7< x5.11 h-TS the s-aat daaas~poaed aanure, the Lest ani ~ the
,least daooyq-oaed. i'ka sited order o? f5.iliat alloss an effiaie~ atili~
aatian at'aanurs, baoans? tie ~aost daesetaosed swnure is niaded taQ the
sprint atop in the asap Potation sohedulea aAd the l~at deoowpwed in tix
fallow.
i tundamstttwi dieadvaatats a? the drriaribed type of p5at a~atture
starade plans la a Darr that ttr +s~banioyant and the wali,s of thr pit, alont
the narror aids, do not allow for the prassittg to be doai ~ dr5.t'!ag a
~ratoa owar tka su:nura. :[Actin p. llL]
This diead~antata aaa be easilg eorraatad by widanint to the tall
width 6t the starap plaa? the eratraneea and the alit sides (fit 0 anal 9).
lute- of ti~~_ 1 arunurs etarste plane aeaordint to a pro,eot
by 'Y5:ti5ul {aohaste). ?ppro~sd by Ministry of ~irioulture U$31i.
Mith rush ah arrandasxrttt of a isanure etarate piaae (wkan an
arbapioaettt ss~d walla,ars abasnt an the narrow sides o! the plaae~ it is not
tlaaessary to arrauae sanure water storyts tRU]aa on both rides. 3n this
oaae a stos~,te tank is arra-ued on oae aide xith a tana~l etape of the battoa
the xa~nura storate pLae ittto its direati.on. The bottoa at the tenure
water storate tank is cads l : daapar than the botta at the eanare etorats
g5mca.
illrtkods to assist in thi aoaaiwlation of aarmre
a a rtrranzrs o ~~ual tY.
Vary ottan koiidwzes and ?or7rhasea have exoea.s of stmt of w5.ntar
sad sprint crops. The bast swtkod to transtorm straw iota n hith`puality
ortania tertlliseP it to utilise it in inarearsd doeea for titters.
Den raise a dor? of et~w up to 8 5Ct psr head a day is atock~-
yards, whisk ass raised, and 1012 Sct r~here ^traw is Jett ender the aatt3e,
a. 4L < aattlr by ifalr rgairat rt yruis iI1 ~a h~~ ~(
~ f6.
!br rraattt oi' arw+uwi !a s sw~ la ~~irrd y saa3#i~~jrlr~ Mbr
sraim~ o[ for riKah to ra)ir rr~rrr bar i1w 3wiyht apt i ~ ~ ~r-rnrr. !Aa
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 tto) s'r.m: ~..TOi
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
?elmn !x eu11e aHers i? eDl~taed ~ aulliD~jrisj tba leatla of tM slack
~ i!s siQlR aat lqr ib DeiiA! in ar/ess, waifh! e! 1 rta e! lrssD sere,
wiffisn! peseisi, e!~uals i00.a00 kit is a ys..ssa stele . T00 tit et
atl.~eeer~osse ? ioo ~ aAa ez asiny eaeo+esea -too k=.
rie esker
~nar*~ elaoasa~ at Doi~o?
e~iLs! (ems rs.~ ):rr.-
eli esg~iaaals et ssMerel
yMre ~ sbadiai of ~a
aw.s2.na! ieleetien itatian,
o>Taiaiew iR (t Issr eats)
tiela esperiaeab K sswr-1
dears' stasaiai at isrtsi
ssyeslaaslal slalien,
Daaisn Bela eapsriwenb d
ssnral yeare- ?
Wm.> (so y~a~r. eats
niter she
d!.
Clsnr ~
1Lytl~rsel I ui,i I L:i
lrs+ess-fal iraesei (eq
6:T
i:Y~
~ b?!.
Tl:o
u:o
iwe
1.7
1:T
riabr lea!
a.e
a.i
e
filar syr
6:7
i:7
tapir Deets
ei:0
li:i
Ab
l:i
l.i
>~labr rys
i:7
t.9
call
?~
is
clw.r nyr
lri !
e:T
ass.=.~.x
sia;o
ie;a
sasD ten at aaa,sr...LSes ear latiroaoeea into ! be ssil increases m+e
Tiela ei ell ersp in ttie cry rslstien oa !!? a~+ib N~~T, Dy- 1
. 0~ 71781 leeal{slalee in ii'ein etei~aLeml.
$leell7eReee et aaaasr lerlillsiai will rise eDury~ wl~ea aafleia et
ib epylieatiea will b? i+rseeA.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
--.~.+. ~v...rrr.,, ...:s i,-awsar -~ - a.a -----'~ f.r iia
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 .qa
srnsriwrss s!' ~wanra
!a buie n+-bral s
oass ani en
llsiti ~ soil.
ties
s ~
a~sritsab inatibatiea
tail
Cro!
raaass
rams
ou?o reso~w seer
i) aoaraint s. aaoa a: tilflaaild
tiesslii
Riaar
lt.t
8e:7
aria, sa~sr. ?ta. oa Obi alstatt
sooty loan
ryi
!
Mars
.
8) ~Nort3tlj bo data d Ciatesi
Yitfilii
tiatN
19:0
lt.l
sts
, oa tb atsra~s
~
?lyq soil
s~sab
ab
3
Charaos~a soai
-
-
1) eiisr ta~:T~iet tbul...Di
Laon.a dub
~sati.:
lest
81:1
On. sslisb. sta. ~ sa tai ~
s,araoss
a~lsab
tN = ~^safs
-
8) bisrd. t. 4ia et 1~SS..1! av..
l~a+>yit .as
? ?
lt.i
83.1
sslab. sba. oa wa a~ti+p !cr
i>~aisw
t ~?
3) ~asaedin3 is tabs o? Rssieieald
lfraassaasasiaa
? ?
I9.t
!t:!
t0~. ialatb. sb.~ aaso tTSr 1
Chat
R' riiaiab
ioabMMibsra ist+s
.
1) Dab bare bate
~ .ns~ab
u:e
n:>t
d /iubbwaib, dtlteat~?lrsidttion
islsaib
-
.
t) Data at IIsaltld tsT. uLitt.
C>lssbra3
~l~
a
31?t
19.163
sb., Rita irriptiia, a rsaa t'oer
selaaibi
~sab
t psar
! a D L iQ,
tTarsp lnsswiis d yisl8i aa~ atMrsttsib lsati radars !>trrilisiat is v
.ariow ieu-tao;sapYSeal ..a? d sn. l.rsl.aes p.re er w _ tmi.a alt
..~_.,
toiltioi ar ' r .. rioa is Yv u?.
soass tiriti ttaiaamfsia, L~ale/addaia mslrr.
tlatiaat, Od.stls~ as! dM' attar. limidr
*asMra rm=ior et TMt.13. taam (licit,
tamlaat~aia, iriaatiaia~ aaa etsmr mllatti)
Qlcteral stN tsaLbari rm~aa,s s! Dedt~lim
tom. (~aAtmstfala, )talt~raiMiala msi+r.
tlalloat, iloitbm, >Orlakmwyma s,pi ottrr
mstmr. fimw
itariMra rasittr o! ~i~~tOtt amem
(ibtlilmrslaL .~. stM., Oe2s7t>wUala msi.r.
tlatim~, >stkfL.L-, IaatY]a3a ao/ CMt>r~ia+
~Wa a>~ar. ?tatiar)
spr To).ia rmslset (ia:al~trraSa, fa.
latTsmwbils ragas. i1al1lti, ~is?,tfKtsm
Td'atei aei m1Emr m~.r. !lmidm)
ftrtiaara Csataata
Mi+ldmtan (L~40~tem, tirmaslHm aad
o~Mr rramr. tldY)
CarVai bL rTpa~l3p {trp~ltmatal
taslitullJot ~ Ot~te.14i1-
TamMnsY' iit~l~(Oilitil !r!a ~4ittb,
~gmfeiskam, 'Iotli~aiite~ tsiQ ~t.Y~lt aim: llaidm
Far Eulern Icst4tata, ~arsf:ia li7C~.aEd~?
and other ezper. iaatittitio-n ~oS+t$A'F'sr
Eaat '?~ ~
? .
aaa~ (ia
Qr0lm
riiM ~a
il.1i f1r~n ~
i0~t?
?istar pale
b~20
spf0
?iNst pata
aaa Mrlq
i~f
t0i6
i0?i0
u-io
i0.10
t0~:>!0
Vlabss pain
? "
?sacar o*w
? ?
~ a
i+T
iii
~.i
i~
W
1Fii
a a
iii
iai0
EtR
T?i
t0.f0
~
mmN.a?rilsa
*iaMr aaS
~ r~
Cst~a ritrm
iii
i.t.b
i:1
i~.i0
7i11tUr mad
~??
a~rity pafmm
fo=ab ~
ltilaiar_a~
Mme ~}n~
at
 ai.... r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 .7a3
(Do~ln n:lIIl]
TaDlo C3.
Ceottiairsb of cblSirstita L~ t~ tlrob crop at aitso~t l~cs torso, o~ t~a~
EStitrrab ~s of cu.-~ala (a=o~-Sl.^S~A nilro~, !a ~^.r_ ocab i'ro b ho a~ oP
~~ ~b 0.'.3 CWL^.r ~~".Z ~Sa CTCy"'7, nt11100 altro~ cell ~?
trt~ C~ei!'0# Q=,'~Sib14S ~L~ D~'OOIIt1~0 0= nitr0~? CrCII !0 ~0 C~3~0~
x~hi0 1~o sesc.'~ a IIi~, b~rra nt dc~itiq, or c'1en cso C~L:1~
fres oaL~le CYls3 rpoiecA a lrs.;~ ?""--tszib ad oo~^....^ts+atp to taL~ !~!.
Cptffolnb t3 ntiliCatid Dj c~rir~ t~^sb a~ ty p~Coq C!' aitr0~ t1'Cs
rattiro, c^3-...std ca t~b y~c~+ta;a oei~ns of aic:c,,; a in r.~aro (rra
C
o {
d~ ~ is
.,..
c,... ~
in r~rr
a a
o ~ ~
~
c
~v "`
L ~~
0:40
10.II
IID:II
0;M
d:0
1fl:0
O:LD
0.0
1II.0
I~ao c~iC1 io czb trc cls~, c^aich io ~ ali~,hblt- Cs?^,,s^:.t~
and !o pew in altro,~ C~ r~'1 Sasx.~co, L^.b sat~^r aprc^~cs t~ c_^~.
tS2~biq e! eSbrC~ i'rts t1~ Coil t/ eyria3 c'?...~4,
PvGtx~r ibC.^cr roob, ~^~blot ~ bot~r Drops u1tS lt~^rr
pcrioQo of c~o;,obCics, at3 a ego yretrxltid pa l03 0! nbilication c^ cs~ric,-b
!'rq !`..a coil, r~o CStroMa cs3 ot,,.`,a oL'^x"ta of c~iCiCa !a n ~ 1=~'C"-r
 Cortti~irat d xtilisatiax 1y tet !Brit sroD x! ait~ isra+aaarr~, ~-
~rlsas as sb. stie. o! litpf aN tiw a.~-.a .r aawrr etaa+~ap. (ia !rr rrat)
eNaell ..p ~ MtR
r.
rstpr
tart,
ftat !!;0 i0;i ii.?
1Ii1~ Mta111sAiK ~ rsu~asri, isat ter Hrrt Drop xtiiia~r te.
arse dteoirlt t~0a aaasr~~t~r arts it it rot~aralatri to x ttea at aiayaia r
!arias tM rtsyr of aaat?.
Mrirally. Nu /fix xlteNa arq id ter ytara teat lallw aMa
xasxssr saxtiasrar p drta~nr.
'Ar. ei~ar b ter ~osates. oaataat rt ter twMl aM of aataatx ai.
troraa. ix t1r a..w.. Uer per' psaarr tit orrftiNrat o! itr stiiiaatita
by tllr Dlaatr. feat littr iarsaattr ter xl~ilitatiaa tt nitrrp DD ter Dle~r
soa~aril p ter stsrr littrs. (Nila- f.1f!).
it;~-
r~i T~
lNw~orrt
as.~?
Qtiliaatlea o! aitropa~ ints+a-
~N ~i1d a-a~gro
Ytillaatiaa at eltari*n, is frt
aat tot aiir~aaa sielaLLatN
b f2xttt hNl s14t, ooiiali+
its tsro~tcc~.GG~~~o~sy.,~ a.~
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
{i#} bass. b70t
iiieryea fret exaw, +iiah uw oterN Hater amasrebie eeaEitiow
is atiiieet lrt ilrr platOs bottea 1Yaa sitreYer4 Psoar ?re, otrisk eres
sterol anie. saa~sbie eosditioar. Mitrrpa it aaeiai]a~tei to t L,rpr taffies
liar # tsrd+?tN4igeei# ~erese, tbab leer sanrs of time ewaM erSdiry ~d~leib
ie lees dsasa@essd, oft, er tlra raatx+-r~, ~rkiair it rrx+ AipM-?,r tMwaM.
Coe!#ioirst ~' stilis-tiet e! aitrepre trw eirepp aat lrsrse sasut+
ie l,s eoeflieieat a! o~lieatioa of astrysb
#roa erf-aaro by cal ereps in fire etep roMtisa twtia# tlr full Hero et` fir
aanore~o wtiea ere .~ AleritM. tY #reaboot eala? !a this awpootr is a
DrrxiiD tact t~-slpr+), Mriaj .triolr tee rtllieatiw s! nitiropa tsae rtaelere fer
#0 rerws does set wrpaee #fX et t>!r fatal aitsopb, wtiieh wr istroirood
ri!h for Mysore. -ae~tiai is Nit et *-plaiita tN~ by YI1W, lritreyifr
CeotiSoieat a! ui4lieatiea bar 1Aw Bret e~te~, at pbes~kmr!ars (~@#) ast
..rr..~~.r t~ Al ~~ ..~~.__~ /a _, _..._ __.a_1 a_~ ~a ~ ,..~~
Utetia p.7~# }
lira ettr~e -bsereN lar eaelfielebt ~` atilisatiea sf pAesph+xrrs asid
petawiesi tsar taeate !, e~glsilrsl ast by ttroi!' lsi s~ailsbility W lirr
plafxbrf~ brit beeaaq iir plaata eaaffiOt ttee p ee >< fret exasse as aeeonat
 Caltiaiaat o! atilisatisn d phsapharas ad patassissy eapsffiittj an tM
ee.a at ,agar. (la ..s oast) (aaesrlias ie ino cote)
lAsaphstroa (pa?a
~ ...
tafa.ai~. {rao)
sa.i...tb.d. a! attltisaf utilisatim a snare. s..n..1 et raers
into dales s.r1.E.snt.r, Shs dater rwaal K ..nor. imtal~a bale !ar
the siafsr asop Oafs the iallar) ani tsr the sprins wpa is sdeal~ asae
!as reredos ace aoosnaase raasoar. Rhn rwarirs sacra late lase riald la
.latsr if is aa..sssrp to pile if !a Larsa Staab, id ? sdda and l:ice! a
high, ilt . Nu p.elnd afafa. I! the spsaatias at aanara in tie bale
U dart. l~ ? soars tistrihafor feaa, aaasrlias fa lira lea st~tha
saara~? appliaatiom, tt~a plaawwat K saosa Staab stsaf Da plaaasi
im Saab a ~4 u is sb the lssf w et tls ataasa dUtribetor, as tai
it has tlea Lart passiDL aatonaf at aq~ rsma. !hs sisa et issnra sfa?b
is the dale asm b lasrsasae ~ sans !a letfsoineM late the soil
asa>saalaal~. Zt tsr a asaoal sfhed a! appiiaatiea of aaasra it is
rwairsaead is piL lafv await sfw)< abwf YO?d0 tea. s! smra, them, !'ar
? aashaaised applisatia, 100 tees sad Stara cam >. pike into asal sfaalr,
eapaadios as tie pear ad tAa awaors eislriMfoz asd w the lamjth a! fits
rs?. nt amaf.eatty ~it>t t?tls, tb Beth Ot t1a bale sfae)< can also N
aossieai+l};y ireraaMd, aQieb sill Nlp fs mat lasp s! aitrep aM
lassat t>!s lrassies K sss~rs la ~-intar.
' ~t srUs fo aliainafa t>,s pasitdliity at tsaasias at aaanrs La
fie. tlaM .feet, !0 !a traassary f? af*nisa ftls ^imtar raenal at srlsara
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 -p{
~_
is Kneeh ~ bays tYi-t tho trt.nlu, iA tb+tit fell t~idkh adt ini~kj bi yiL~d
is a ahreinris 43~ ps~itis, rdawriy. rt-~11t o! 30~ti tau is 1?E ~i
~Oo~t+ta, wlaa w~ti~ LsrsN !or ~tkar dal o! ttamtt, it is
pi1~d in 1hr Halt is X11 l~ttpr. 'hti~ sharyty d~siya~as itr ffll~tili>~1ns
fekidf4r. iit arll ~~r r~atittrr siXr 1a1;~Y a~ dPiar aat, 4Ar
mrtriti~ darats at-a 1lMLM oltk 1Yrt it by itaie atsd t3aaiwd wtrx~lf
arrUOa'kilos of ~ lialb is etMtkd, ~tli~h trt~islly arptira~ iallst#rkM
ttu li+ldr ea wiutas uii sps'i~o0 pMia aYSi1. 4ltat kLit aatStot ~ abemk
a iwlay is t}tr ?rria~ wlti~raitoia of fialti, 1~sa for atsth nndar tlw all
luaysj tb~ eat ^nsy slarly, [~d~ q:lK].
labia ~.
Ati'ln~asa *f aWtMs sf ts~ra Oilis-t im ity lilt, ttu'int xinkar rir~r-l,
oa ite ttrt'tiliai a~1SM ar~gelS. M 'BOLL iata
aW ittNiliMl~ plirrib is
Dlar+d fa ~ ~"~"
sta#ltt (a!
_+f8 ~~~
10.1
Ul.O
8ori~ wt~r raawal lgat t lr aaaarlt ota+tta OlaN ar diriss tii-
irilakiaa ~ r #rat !Call s kub, it alert it iawdiataly teaatNSt aat
1-artiliriai artimt r! aRtwq~v, d~ll.s0 at tir tis+ rt itr breradaaatint oa
t1N !ia to Mka of Iqe{rwlraia ntal rtakisa .
l erenera ? rJ'r
let e
trT
ADnurr rrrirt is t~tr lldXd ia, rril ?yrapr !or oa e
tNmth ~4?~
~-sarr t~ataiitrd t:+ea~eart in tln ,tint !ra oa soatb t8.0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~7Q~
It ii is not pwsibU to gloi in ^Ihea stamra 4rsmadiabl~ saF in iba
arxt .tiro iqa attar #it is rasrrrad unto the tialA, i# is thtt l~at6mr to
lstrs it braa8atab, flare in srrll ha~alr. -Last sll at tiia stasanit oitraP
#aa is '~osb is tba first E-8 isya avian it is laxasdaaab, attar tDia iha
lsssaas a-t ofaitro{~sa tra atoypai.
N4sat nalnaa~ro is ispb is sanTl ha+~a flair leap at a:f larpt,f
tlsan lb is lbrasaat,t at tfsar Bala (i~rla tl}.
Sir fair plsaaatiaat of iraeara tar rariaasa oraaa. Tiaa eat intaroaha4loas
rat trr~snra ~atsdla an the biolobiasl paoatlitritioa at t~iaultaaral errtpa talc
on the aEarraa aa! iaoas~aaition at :attzrs:
tar +daMr areya flat uatan~a, sa t rule, is inbsatin+sad ~arisE ilea
raisin; at ta2loar. In the araEiolss of aer-olwmaaa tow taanr+ 'ia iat~w
dnae to :. iha raisiaE aa[ taller, so alas Qnrin= ib ylarirsY s~sr.
lrlsta daragbsrins at iisa plaaraQ lslrar is ,lama d~rltj rasai~ of tha< talla+r, ib
is battar? to iatrainao Marsarrao abarll[tt; iba plaisipE araar (wa'traeso wniiirmta~
air ls.lt6, ether Mbla Ibi) iErEia gsl3Ji~
(a t,ro). In wawa at intraaluatisn at iasuasro undas Casa errs of = t+tllaar
ii is roaotaratsad !a aua a antrisiantlT dodaaaayyaaaaQ saaanra.
? She boat tLM tear iatrsiaatias of ar~aara asstar springy aaraaya is
+ omior the tatbarus plaariai~. On],S am rrarr li~tb, a.nE,r sails ib is asob rim
oiaaarndal io iss4rodksw raaasro in tutaairt as toawtb at lataa letaq arf natri~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~~
do ol..rnts rs. srense l7 flair Uaahims lab tha loreiilyasa a! soil:
~.nr rrrr4 bo art wll deeoaprrad !w lb t-sind introdostioa
nnder apslms esys.
Qtbo. aster tle imtlneass as atsa* aiusnro, the eontsnb o! nltrotraa
.hi.a eta le auiai]abd by thr planb daarease tartead aot Reim` inarrurd.
!hL L ez-IaisN b~ the last, that tla mea.drear~prrad erpaia sattar of
aatmra Irlp Sa a ra-id Mele~rat o! owo typao o! soil aisroop~mia-,
ter the tsodias ed ehiei taro it not aaw~ of lluoleabU toms K mitso?
pn in for awsnsea am! tbq start asinj dtrataa. asiea i? -rednaad is tar
?oil !belt.
Sfs tltr, in the osnrre of Thiel t do -reosrr K arriaiLtloa d nitro
6ea t7- aiersrrdiRnirr -rasads *itsrarsy, dr-~ a taa et,wieal earpri~
tisa tad sa a /acres et dwwrtaitien o! srrnrs, tM rMller it tas osstsat
of nltropa !a far saanre, ad the nose tsar. is st snn.dasaagesed strv.
the loner 1t ttlars for tar -rritiss aotioa at aa?re tr sear tlroasll: iorr-
tiara this -ariod talbp, !~S r-oathr, bat rirw ettra Lt tlgeRaatas is 1br
Iiadts rs ti wrb.
laYin~ iato ?amridesatioa the ales aratisard reasoas, ear rhonld
a-~pl- tls wst dasrgorad srsatre nadar r-rio- isain sroys (rp~riss alrata
barlr- sat elhrss)~ sad !arm rider yotsloara an-ar beab, !odder roeb,
amd other -Lmb, asiea cored enltisatiea. !hr last dser~aasd saaro
rheald be naN nnaar datrr ereps +dth as ar~j jlwimt, es atria dxsi0s the
a+UUi K t-lla- {idle ~!).
Errrr tat ap-lisrtisn of aaaars lepaad bariaaliy sn the soil
aliattis oaaditlrmr and as for tartilised erq. h fas nartl, dtl ?
soli tad rmoist aliairto, hljltrr dssos a! rmare ass nrN. than !a the rsntD
and the dry rsati~.sast. ~ -odsolle wad on -ser roil it is aeussry to
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 TOT
tpplg- ,r# is ~m e~~s these nlsarroelle~ an8 srs hi;h3~r ealtxvated
?e~~r.
ea~oo~ a.Il fire a~isuitm~l plan#a~ the ~ri~tsar eaa ePritt~ gre-ix
oarega~ a?~nire latser daAa of ermu?s, siren aa9flitinsu arw s'~!]rs than
potxtc+afii antst biwtse gip; sail et8ss~ dsehniaal aa~epa~ ?~.p+;ia p.'LR~~
Sab1? ~e~
ltri tertilir-ia= ~atlan a!' teesn~, asped~f.~ on the dsq-astr et ita deawephai~
-- tittn (aaa~rdle~ P~iAt ~.~s_etntl_tY~ Otk~r senrasaA.-- -
ua~ a es~e+a rrnare
eprim; erpplia+stierr
in s~ntuetai Gtati
eow_ r en
Yn1~i is ~.i18 darirvQ lrtla 'bp"fool Ma~au~tt
at ~ (#n a~~
80
p4
Igl
I~30
Iaeresee i~ ~Id per t~ at era applie+l
I
(i~ )
~3
Z9b
~E~
I70
>etith ;rasp ~e~aeegtLene, it fe hitter to t~t1lS~a ~ tZelAr in asap
xasttitf.a~i ~-t the rRte of I6~2Q tam ,per lsa a~ extrmre, than ane tiMld
BAJVU
 {r~ art)
l
8ietial- aliabratii~ ~ ieTaoboratak7t
neohernossaMaoi etcty~+~
[Bgatea fif fsTtllSne.'Giol1 in~arbl,
rrrt~ttionr in ilaaa+chat~naias,eotiel
Rata'"f~re 6gis~Sial+~ia~3~Z, ~.?
' ~7~p:T,
Q~ kirzeaien)
- -
Q7.T St4~
p.
,Aa'Si~ ~and_af~rriif
81i ''1.'ab'~ '2S,
eoa 84_ ~rionr A
oii~e_oP_fsantir __
anti -ere
aatara of
8fr5 toes
+
s ~t~e e
t~
?asiaty ~ab1a>~,
trartalr ~+!~~?
sets skX~nderf~
atata __
Eostrol~,
Xie18 is a/~
160:b ~
170.8
without
fertilite~'s
~anura
Iao>Faata !.'h pltla
3neraa~~ iii gx~r +FSett 'i
ie18 Sa o%a
201?4 i
-
8038
30 t/'~+a
Itnratta in o ftya
Ali
~1ts
naraaaa Sn far ,~~
X6.4
leaf
~anur.
1'3.1e l.ra a/"ha
212.4
z~8:4~
40 t/!r-
~areaae Sn a~
62~#
71.9
rase in per situ i
b2?6
+l?3
~ttt~rs
8ii16 iti ~e~ ~
930:8
268.'6
BO t/ha
T,naraaae in a/h~
{
60:8
97.7
x~raata is par eflst
g~l.`0
6`1..3
tTd3
69i~
3616
3D0.1
~:~
22ea
~0~:6
'BY~;i
24.3
1t.88aI2].e 11~!1,'~s OB !`02~l7Y0~ ~' 3~8T3I.1`TdTI041 876 ~ IOa6
Daor ~c~-~~ta~s ,
11e was ai+ted erarliar (p.'10} tha ,~snalal aad tt~s ~t ixporf~nt laa.
t+zTa far all orap ra'67-tioz~s ~rhieh are beit>6 irtcradnoee is diffiz~ent ads ~cf
OSSR, it~lnQie~ 'rate nog-olsernot~ ganef ie ite fadder~arars onlti~ratf,atx
i
0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 rQ~ Tf~ans. a~~o~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
obaraoter. ~'hfi.s iaxs oiear7y axpreeded in the resolution of Cif (Coamoi3.
oP 0oviet Coisears) of 1tSS8 oP dun? 21y 19!lb "About ~vasurs~s oa i~agravk-
a-eat ,of tho tnetc of it~troductioa and utilization of Drop rbl~tibns 'in
t{oltshoaea">i '"Aa fadic~gonsablb oonditioa llot^ '~ntroduatioa of oorrect crop
rotations must ba ea 4.nalusion of fodder grass ou~tis+ntiony rritti a' ~rlde
utilisation of Drops oP grass mixtures of le~umea and coreal gerena5sl graseoo,y.
r?ema~aendsc! bq ~9oado~ioi+~n Vilyle~sy ne ale o raieiag on tame sad ye good
cultivation of ~:f`allorse,"
A.ocorilitlg to the above govermeent resolution in 3Caltrhoses cf t~on~
c'hernoaeffi zone thB ~eidast apreadiag should bo glvea to grassland agr3,?
oulture, to v+sgetesbl:e or wieastable ~ fodoergrsrues crop rotations; sad 'to
?odQer axog rotations cn the narrly brought under cuEtivs~tion msrstay and
saaipe8 leads.
'ta tt1Er D.eadiag multl~fisld taolldsozee~ ae ~a rule; there is sot oae
orap rota'tioa but a coordinsted ~systsm cf crop rotatiorro, ?true, for ins
stases, acolkhos Po2ede:" Anitravski raicn, lfoscow ablaety has situltaneous%
three grass Drag stations fields fodder a~ sege'~ble; Icoltthor. ~t~snoe
~'rosu):hl.nco~ 'SSlininehi obLeet' has tram grass grog rotations ~ field en$
?o6dsry and ea oa.
System of Drop rotations in the oited and is other leading ttolkhgaoa
of tlrei aon~oheraoxem zone farces into acoouat the natural eon191tione and e
also the prospeete o? development of the many*sidsd eoonosy.+ Iee~i.a p.8~~
In the greator ~wtrt of troltrhosas end ~sovkiwEss oT non-chernoze~ sbney
whore orap rotations were iatraducsd, there errs ooxbiaatiorr! taostlq of field
and teg?table,y or vegetable ~ fodder grog rctatioae.
+ - - tr_ev. - rop rvtstictuy and a system of egriaulture. Gd>~plaais
tYoscow, 18l9:
 ? faJ 2pasa: Aeons
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~fn aonnection t~lth thus, when studyilsg instances of i'aroation of
eystssss aP ferti~.itatiasx in various crop r~tiona .our slain attention ~r411
ba diraated also to field; vegetable; ar~d vegetabla+fadder orop rotatiasm:
~pwavar; taming into Donaideration an l,t~iortant signifiaanoe and good pros?
pests for a wide spreading intt the agrioultuteil,prodnatian of fodder orop
rotatioaa as ane a? the Dasepanant parts of graaslassd a~riauitnre; we shmll
touch briet~.y on basic considerations o$ Porsaiag s[`ysteses of fertili=atian.
far auoh-orop ratatioaa also:
it issalf~svidant; th:t whew ea~,vS.ng prablas~r of sprtest~ oP farti~
].satiota; Which are opplioable to oUa or another orap station; we ahculd
always 'keep in wind that a systat~ oR fsrtiliaatfan is Nuked to ether eleaseats
in grassland agriaudtnrs (sgit.as of ratatiosis, system of aultivatian and
rystesa of oarissa 'f'ar Drops); and bass t~ saethads of fertilisations iit
aoaardanoe with thine elisants:
~ariante !or s stasis of tertilis:ation ;for
? -gala- crop pro one
v1e ~sea?t a great variety of field crap i?otaticna ins. different ablast*
and raians Df t?ra non-ahernosssa soot in Danisaotian with the flireotibn, o~
tillage, rrhiaFs is determined by the neain Drop of the rs~tatiou; as Weil as
with the h,eterogensity of natnrai and. aaanamio aonditians;
'Sat it is possible to isolate inflividual types of orop r? tian~e
among thsse varieties of crop ratatiane,; as those whiDh rafleat the saaih,
direction of Lilfsge in ison-aharnotesr aone~ Thaw wilt. include orop rota-
tuns there again crops will bo flag; wine Dad,potatoes, Ali these orop
rotations inolafle plantings of porehes4.al leguscea and Dereal gPassee .?
slaver assd tl$athyf basidss this, !n all these orop rotations; indepaadent
 (4) Tta[~. A~.7C6
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
o? t2ra aei~in crop,, a oonaidarable part aP the arch id givern to gain grope.
In aonaeation with the above said- bur connideration of problem aP Pox+~
$a.tion of systems oT ferti].icat3an ws abalt conduot on instai~ooa oP typiea.l
~Hegin p:eU~ asap retatiaha for leading craps, atentioaefl abode. Hat bePora
starting these coasf8eratioaa, let as psuee briefly on the results oP ez?
per'iaente oP marg years; which ware aonduoted by aoient9.fia inat~,#uti.ons on
studying the mffectiveneas oP ?arious systems of Sertilication in Pield Drop
t .
ro~tions-
,.
A:ti eYtehsive work oP studying thm effaotivoness of applied eystans
Hof fertilisation is fia2d crop rota*lona,~ ith flat as t'hs leaciag'orcp,
was aonductad in prexwr years wader the direatioa (sentenoa ooatiaued ott pn81~
b 1 e 5S.
~.. - -
oP ore ertillea'ion-la kolkhoess "$ra~-Z-novod?_and "i~eni IAniae.'~.
flotation ~~ ps _f
SBrt~lisers used ___--_ _. ___
t/!~ ~ nits~at~ phnta'ofhie f ~sium sett ~ ~~alro/~hn--
8: Cloder~first ~r
..
4? Clorer ~ AOCOnd
year
~
'~: ~1ax
+F
Sr Potatoes Ss~i
is-ld
Barldq S~
~
1
s
7. -
~~ -
-----
_
4: Clover 2ad,p.ar
6 Flag
8. Potatoes
lE~1S
Sprite wheat 83ft
1.2-15
' Hariay- SE}6
~_i . -:Oats _ - -
1215
[8ag3n p.912
.,
+:
~os8
C:9
~ 6:9
0.6
3.0
 rs3 rr~i>s a=7os
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
v4 `G"lEgA is two 9cglkhoEea oP NekausseYagb ~ion~, Iaros7:assl~oi ob'ldesr9,
"`Sraenyi 'linoaofl`r and "3urieni ~eaiu8?. Op to 193, these kalkhasva i3id ur3t
d8l`fer Proffi others ix the rmioa 9.n their yitldes their level oP agratoaht~iiss
aar in tPx~ ties aP f ertiliserr, but they adapted and practised 'bal'ers "1841
the $olloding s~atco~ of l'ertilinatiaa ie~ crop ratati8as (see table $8~a
At the ease t'i~nb bath ~oltrhpaee l~provad their agroteohnids year after year.
~eclinigae of ?ertilisar atiiiie:etian in tho cited s;Trstoffi eospriaed the
fafilasving ~r~ure and ;phosphorite iaea; 3n the fall~rrr iras introduoed under
thi lirfst ePt'~+B plowing, superphosphate udder` the P~'sorri[~ pTv+vtt~ ar cu1-
titiatioe ~agj arAaains oP w#.nter crops ntid at closer whit ssiperal fahtiliaore
ues conducted 0~1 easi=ly spring dates. 'tT[tder ~f~:ax 2r15 01' Qhbaphora~protai~siufu
~ertil'izars Were introduoad in 'the fall, under au#tpin plcering, the z~o$t ~ in
apriag Dofore xiult5.vat$~ag the pla+rlattdy nieaagss~ !'brtillxsra were used
as top dressing in.th$ phase oP ~harring-bon? design" ~("e~oah't~fi) finder
palxtoee and spring amine ail the fartiliaare sore intrafluced in opri7pgs
plowrsd utfdsr~
Sgeteeatio ^uss a? tartil~cothl and ma improved agroteohnies ham
brought tie o.te8 ,~olkYiazee to the fYont, r~4ng many 2esc4i~ig !`m~ti of t`hg
a~3.ose, inn 'the ~ieldiz~g ua~o4ty of crnps (datp, rr!` 'y~.63.da mcce~ditag to
y?mrs and ei^ope, in aompar3san with init#.a3 data a[' yields ass von stn
Tsble $4.
---~Ytold__ 3a ~ - 3t~ kolkhosee_ "brae 1*nuva~ and aimoni aLeai:t~e~
niut
o? orapb
93 ~
9 I
9 7~
9
9 8~+ 9 r
initial'
1886
18E9
i
initials,
1866 ''3839
1840
--~.-__- -? ___--- ----- -- ---_ '
- - ~'
- -
- - --'
---
----- -- eRr '
- ~
--
-
-
2.8
;;
:4
&;9
'2.28 . S l &.l
Grain
9,7 ~
18.2
16.2 !
1$.2
$.6 9.4 l&.6 l$:
Potatoes .~
$S
l09
l0~
l69
8l 89 ~$ 146
Clover of tho let yaor
13S
51
48 ',
,.~
~8 #$ t42
Gloeer of 'the 2nd ar
l8
64
S3
a
2a 88 $55
:~
mineral (especially nitrsigonj fartilis?rs.
 fs)
`F~nba. ,1s.3T~
~Fiae~ on the Yolkhotds uridsr oone9~aeratianj to flee end of the' (fret
Drop rotation the y*!,e'ldirig aapaaitg itioraasedz is (laic up 'to 4.2-4$ n~i
that ie treo tifaee j in graib, ~arops up to '3,8.218.4 c/ha, that ie also tiro
times and is gotataee up to 3,9:3-127 '~~k or almost 'three times ttfred "Bo
the fa5.tfa1 y~Aeld:
ilfneral fertil~erd ;played ~-n iainsnee tale 18 fhb inaf~rare oP Nelda
of a 6riariltural~ ara~ is both 3sol,khoees. ltesulte oP ~aalaulatio~ of aatian
of the8e leatilisere daring the period 1988~3948.are aiveu Sta i~ble $B
saD1e u6:~
6dditforeul yields (Sa o/ha) from ~'inoriil fertilisers is kolkhbtes r~
l~
an
o~od
d
imo~,3. Lenioa
-
0 os
Kral aavod
-
ICo
s i[ao
n ms
_
-__
19$$-
93 ~_.
p~
V~$~ i
Y
""""'""
_-
?-1936-
3.839 -.,
1$40..
19$b
3.939
190.
-
a
: a
~
.29.8
lf6.'8
19.$
19;6
30,Q
17:2
1$b
~.
11.?
74
a
8.J
7.8_
,..
$~S
~6$
S'he ported i'aarsara aP ,3tte3.da by yrara Linde as rr~lar~.ticm 3.[s tlse
addition of 8ireat aotion of tertf],II.~rra, ntroSaced inE3rrr giveit'yaer,e to 4s
tlfe rea"tidua5: aotian~ or the aft~rtfeat of fertilisers,, rrhfah rirore Sn
t~daaed in ;preaee8ing y+are,
Dais o! 'VIgAA hasvy that oorreotly utrd mineral. fertiliser ~#.~ a
great ecanamiaal et`feat. fhue, for' ine~?3xss~ in 199:0, ko]Urhvs '"$rsegyS:
15novod" received franc m6.nrral fertilisers additional prodaotion fbT ~~.829
gub3e$, and ltollrhos "i~ni Lenina" -for '~i2728 rubles: '4`hus, thu uer oP
~ miairal fertflisere helped to fnereaee the ~q :of a s~ur~--clgy iu 1cclP~hos
:s.
"imeni >:aa by '80 oapecs and in 'kolld-at "~^s-s~ri 13norrod" by 1 rziAle~, .
;rat ue elso pease an the exp+rSater~ of aafpr years, aonduoted Ug the
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
wnanvrl~a~Y nra.nnn n.r 1ll1~Ad 1a fn~bwn~ ~?.f e~n4 ever rww ?ntiw~x.._ ~Pw ~..~....:i ~~~Sr
?
"
a
 . l73 2rahe:` A=~os
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~f ~ininarad dbiset~a on ~edipod~solixst ;3~.ght c'lapey ~eoi3~ i.h [ BegSxi pE37
~ rc~tat~.on dt crtrpa ae folloiret '~) pistntaea~; '2) barld~i wittl addAtf:d~a?el
a6wl:ngs ofi dloear and tite~rthgf 8.) glover wi~Ch ti~it1~* bi' .1st 3rosrs ~) cla~sr'
with tis~tT~ nhd 2nd yeari b) wihter i'+Jei'8,) grain le8uates~ and 9) aatsa
'Ths !a'ito~ing veiiaat? of rgrtilitor atllleatioa 4n a asop r ;~f
~etntion xere Lriatib
without Pertlistar~$
33. ~g 'i~attu~8 '~tl t~6 RI8b1.1At OP ~~+~ u'ndeT jTOtatppD iaG.d 2~' ~'.~ unti9A3~
"w~.ntl1' '~~'~
tIY - 'AaLi miheral Eartilizes?~ (a~mohisrs aul?atd 2.7.6 C/ha,~ supers
phosphate '15.5 nfha ?nd polxcseir~ east ~:,8 o/ha) under tiot+-t6es
ahd 7iih~Y2' t~;~ ~superphesphat0 {2:5 ~~) -For gPaaeeti ,SCi the
'3.r~t years :osaperphospWat~ and potaaetum sd3ts (I.5 ts/~) Pag
gr~.eaea Sa the 2nd year.
?"~ manure .and rainerai ferti~Se?ris 'Jsi sasauuted a lt~ "vc~riaato
xI.~ahd ,Tl$5
V' .~, ;aae~ure stxd 1imineral fartilfiers with a 8osa inorea~eed Erg
variant ~~ doe? oi' mars .(up '~? 50 t/hal uhcier petatGea;
VI ~=sarara,f ~ainc~ral fertilisers amp ~imingg ~h this varlaht .~anu~
ahd sxi.aeral fertiliaeza er+esra taken ftis aifnilnr amouhte ae ih
varient'V? bnt time added S.a an amouat of 8 t~ha ~in8er
bariay erith an additione.'1 moa9.hg oY' ,perennial sras,~ree
~'ab"le 88:
ps ~ e d~
fh arop rotate
Cri~p>g
_ A
areni~_ of tea -uE_
fertiatian
tioh -
- - -- - - - - -- -
I"
-II1L
-
~ - V --
-- '~ -
Potatobls~ year oY 9
:
~
7
:i
B
8
3Eb?:2
9y,4
9:.
18
~i
~a~~~ 11 fi ~~9V~
a
~iv
y
y
c
V~1
~~~1~
~iirVi ~. ~
n
~Od~
~~i~
u
~rraeeee (3P tho Set yaar
-
-
~~1Y)b 1938
3:x.7
8$s4
1s2.h~
g9.4
Sif.3 :
l~,l
~
Grasses of .2nd tear
t
'
s
.
_
_
1
:2
_
27
d
S .
~(
iay
~~ 3,
sfi
1-3hter 'fir $838
18
1
'Q:6
9d6
21.2
9
2~.:p
:
24.2
d8?,0
24,8
X6:8
2b5
- / -
_ (bite 1959 ~ -~ - -
'8.2-
~_ 8`ffi
9:0
_ i.4.$_
"ll``1
-?_
meat in etud+le8s bi' a~lxchnical tsaRes of systea? of !~er~i+kzation. ~Prudy wit.
titd. Ylf~s izo? SEty 1938.. tBegih p.942
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 (el 1'raas. ti.~oa
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
It ~ nsarssary to notr~ tt+at in ~ariaats 3lif and IiI srtisoniuK
nitrate mss; used sr tap drawing for 'bar'Iry.
~esraltr for thr first a yearn err girea is ta-'D~,a 35 -
Data of tablr 'EB wtsblirh the r~idrnt adrantaga of rea~ro~.asral
ayrtrstr Bald. l~psaadic~ oxc local eonditiohs, Bring should bs dons sitbAr
in !'ull doses or is r~dnosd floisa o! lies (~~+ tiara dutiha tha aiofation of
osapa) Thi t'irat sass is taken is the table, and the doaisy cmlou]i~$sd on
the basis o! anidil~ and of the rsohaaiaal ctsi~oaition a! soiii eors~isea
abouti 5-8 t~. fat ta3dhr into oct+aidsPation the rssgonas o! tla: to
liriha the doss o! lima moat bs dsorsasad 'bo'w t/ba. yaohhiqus ~6! 31ma~a
iht>?odsotton is shoxh in tltia tabls~
~rguni.o fartilisatS:oh is ooncMnttatad oh tiro ~lisld,i of the Lisid crap
ro~tioa, each at rahiok main =aoai~a, it possible, not leas thrsh `~b~(- ~ha
o! 'thsai tsrtilissra
1[!wh ohcoain$ v+u=iona 'kicda an8 ?oxra of !ea^tilissra, the sranure, as
a >e farniahed xtth soluble siineral fertilisers ~- enperphoephate i~a a do"se
S=4 o/!ha and gote~stiuat ohloride 3a s ~dflse '].wlt5 o~hA
X5.1 mit~ar`al fertiliter~e,i wrifh the ezdaption of nitrogen; era iis~
txaduotd der fa31 ;plowriagi or {9.neluding h~'tre~ea) tlar2tig ar~riq aprSng
frosts, frith ~e sabcagueut prep~nting plarln~; titrxdas-.
Spring graiess (Data; ~tafl ta~ey in part) tin the left flal9. of the orap
rota.tson ut9.t~.eo ttea aftereffect of` fa?til'3,tera; atai?h >Rere iatYOdaceB
un~ter the fp>`egoing crepe:
1Pa~r a~n i-~r~de in;3~i~elda of crops in the rotnt~ion,Stha ute of looati
ant! f~isxaral f~rtif'ieara For top i3raaaing is ref ,great irogiortaaea I cr xliater
Drops it is ~tieceatat~r tb pxov~S.de a Nitrogen tap flreaaing iu the early spring
(asi froxbn aril:). f.t this tine 'the aati~:ty [Begin p:lt)Oj of tt~e uaefu$
eeicrobiee oY ttta soil, an account cf Zan teeperature; it treukeaada anti the
wiutai sne need an eccidi'tl.onal nitrogen Feeditiga por this type of
top drateingi befaxe harro~itig the sinter Drape, it is tieoeetazq 1b apii~
lirluili m~mira, 8ilated 2-g tlaeee bb' ,eater is ?rs e,~owtrt of 3.t~-7.p tfha, irr
dsy- ground,poultry aroppiage ~ ~s ~ to 'S c
to o.~r~ ~/~:
Top Greeting aazet ~ wleo gra~i+3ed far the fifth fial8 of the ara~r
rotation ? for f7.ax 1~rtoniu? nitxata 'is the rest cesluAble mineral farti~
liiieri and it ieuat tie util~,tod preoiealp in this ti+e18 in 'the n~iouat bf
~d.8~9.9 arlya Top di~ae g rust tie appl#ad tiafara the anaa't oT tiu "Aeri~i-fig
~" ~
brine dadigxz" pheee xn Ia oxtier to pxereat lodging of flea and to S.m
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 /4c]
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 7(~f
praea the ~,ua~gty of the fib~*es f.t ?s goa@ to appl$ ~ !aeaond tip drnaa~ing
wt:th pat~ieitiEt ohtaride or poteseeiusn ~te.lte at the assent of the 'eherr3ng~bono
design" ;phase: j" aloah3a?").
'the ~sgra~frmmte aalcnlmti4n,Z,vhiah r-ere hone by ns for the proion
~vit#e nutrix~ts of e.ll arop? of tAe studied eeeenfold crop rotation Being
norfas of tbrtiliseri ~oited in the table, ~ehow that the glean tgtitem of fert#.~
libation allaxa to axpeot the lollowiag yield?a at gamine of 20"26 a~hxj
gat g~rae~ed aP d6~40 ^a/ha~ ~ aa~! potmtoes nat ';'lees than .260 0/~; ~t Se
neaoeeary, though, to strees,~. that, when tar.~ing a ayQtess of ~tarEAl~at3on,
it ie neceeaary to eim at ~ higher enribhwefit oaf the #oi~ by ghcrbphorua'
takit~ into ~aons'idermtion that ,plarcte oaa tztil4ze it azilq light);q trans
inlaoduaed fst~tilieer~s. d curtain Sack of nitrogen can ba o~penatintod w't
tha .~penem of the aatfvd;ty of ueef'tf~. microarg>~nieine . (with goad agrcteoh
niom') a~it at the rant rremuaate of ~eaee; ~ shortage i~x pota?aiwa in tlti!
intraduo~d potaestiaat fe~ti.licera can alep be pert;t}r raplenils'hed at the expen6e
of ~Diti$ing p6tRSSiuffi mob tho reeer~ee of the soil,, erheh it is ault9.vat~ed
cilrre(stly.
A che>Qe for ellooat3,oh cf' fartil8eara inn the i'irat of the eightfdld
orap rotmtioa~ wii~ pan additional aoRipg cP ;grasses under epr4:ng grains and
atilieirng the grass sod for winter and epriug grains ie (i~en in table 'd9.?
pirdrt dietination of th~cyetem of fertilismtion for thte crop ra~t~;on
coffiiata in tha foi.lfiw3agy order tai bring liffiilrg dearer to perpnnia~ g'raseeu
i? canduated"here in tha Srd field; ~hiah la oaoupied Dg barleq, with
an a$ditio~l eawi.ng of ~aek~ TaiaS:ng into aozzaideratign the high eerxaStieity
bt ~rldyr tq the ~aoidity of soil, urns aan expeot s aox-eidet~blo inaresse from
~.9~e,, whioh tired applfed already !n tha first '3raar is barley with a Bras
efi"6atah t.Ae fo7.~,owing cropre. [Hague glol3
 fhs .ieoort8 psculiari'Ly ai t]r- ~tyste~ of fsrtilizatidn in this atop
rotrtian dansists in the nsoestity of introducing fsrtil'itsre (stave arches
yr phcsiihaTa~atatsiua) Hadar ;asses o! the 1st yearn baacuta barley at
the air-er atop hsre~ daas Hat bet ssparateiy arsy basic ttrtiliter~ bsst
utilises the afterslfaot of fertilissrs.
1~insily> the third lecalisrity,,~ shish !rt tis8 to the presence oaf the
ascond. winter fi61d for prrt of the lisld} aansiats is the expediency of
using ~~nic larti2i#ers in three beds of tAa arbp ratrtion, that is
ndditionally to t3se Pallas and to th? furr~r~plowed~Pi.eld under 8ne sscand
uiritar drop !,a the far8 of ewe a small dote of aompoet~ together with
phosphdria-~atassiuas fortili:ere ar stag ash. ~rsvar, rhea the gxawth
of gsrennir'1 grasses is sold 8.t is ;passible to het by withaut the intrbd?d~
tide oP ar,ganio fertilSsert Hader the aecaad winter crept yet,- l.utrod~zatian
oP phosghorus~atassiumt lertiliters is this tees is still ware aeaessatFy.
Faze the seocnd eishtPold crap .ratrtion, ~tsich is morssuccsssiu3,;
!'tarn tho paint of sieve a! ~gsrotechncal contistenoy Zor rsgatremsuts of erases
atop rotatidreet the scheas dP rlloartiaa of xertilizors is given fn table
40.
3ata this sohaae are iatrofluced several sisnifiaant arWngd6f
caRpaz~ed to the lbragoitsg arse. First of ,alit as the sail wis aniy s~.ight]y
oultivated, i~ was expseieab here td rfnnriiah with 4'slisers, the crap
rotation i[dre fulls in partiCStinri to utilize arsenic fertilisers in inoriased
Beset.
eedandly~ ~orsanic firtili~ere under patetoea in this crag rotation
are divided betMeen t3sa sixth sad the seventh fields, whereupon the oars
potrtdee receive a rorll decos~osed marmra` first the nediuta an8 the late
varieties aP,potrtoes bet the ptatnurie mixture with an wddition ref stave
 f]71 2rasa: ~.'7i1i33
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
saheb an8 of A t1~p dreaeingy
Thirddq ~ troth tht winter crops rt~5tiver ffi te~p dressings
d.s Etie ,goi~: is pear fa nntritivt aut+at~snces, doAas of mineral
#artiUisera here nrt given higher 3R part3.cu~-r #or g7rasses And ~tAih T9-
g[ifaesi is thib prep rotatioa on lighter sails gras.t importance it g9.vdn tts
top drestingtle w3~iots are ocnduoted in #opr #iuldss
~'csr s niae8oltl Drop retation ire shall limit cursslwas with the
folloxing Yrei~plrfta s.ccording to the ayttea~ of #artiiiswtione ot#orsd in
table 43:
~ +rell tlulti+retad toil; on rrhiob this crop rb'tstion it titueted;
ello+.s to datsratst tht doses of of orgsnie Pertlli:ere in the talltnr and
the #urrow~plos~ad #itlde, wirl to .iacreste dloset of sainaraT, ?aptoAa'lly
pCt+istiumi #erisil9atrs. ~gsgin p.lc~l
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Sah~ o! allocation oP fiaritilitiers in the ficld,~ eight#o7:d Drop rotatian om madicec Culti~tttad podtoiia edlyey soils.
t~
Held
Rotation. of cropa.
Bcato fertil#.sation ~
s y Dees o n - w
see cjhe floe and ~etttod of
plowing under
7fop drawing .
e i? as 'n ime aP introduc.
rtar c/ha tion and asthcd
~' ploring
under
E
Cleaa fallow
tdtnara
200~t' 00
Hadar" flee first
ploring
.. ,.
Superphosphate
2~,?
~'hosphorite meal
_
OE' Htias meaE
31.0.4.5
Same ~ under tAO
prepTnating plrrir?
~
~
lfinter
~
Ligaid ~wra or 100-I20 HaPara harrowing
p~t='Y ~oPpi 4-5 is spring
g+~+n+~+~ nitrate 0.5-(1.78
3
Spring graina (t~arley~
rt.,.
50-b0
Hndsr fall p2o+~
~oniuis nitrate 0.8 During ~sasa ap..
with additional eva~.ng
ing ar sgrlag.
(ap,aeed Biota) psararae of
o! closer as! t3atiothy
plowiag over. eer
- sprouts
eulti9rstion od'
g2a+-iand
4
Cresaos - I,st yeah
.6.
~
.,
Ashes or supes+~ 8-IO Early is sprfng
phospAate 2.5-3 or otter first
Pnte~eYua phlr l.0 mewing wit2i sn8-
rA.de sequeut haarowin~
5
~,y
tlraeeea.:.. 2nd yee~r
i~
w.
Y.
w F~ ? ~4
6
IFinter
Goapost
150-'~00
Hader the p2oe?, . ~
.. ..
Spring grains
Saperphosphate
3 -
when glosinb the
Spring wheat.
Pofaesium at?Iotide
1.0-1.5
clover #:el~.
or Stone whew
14-11
Superphosphate
2-3"
$eme
An~cn3np,n#trats ?t.8 During tnaas ap-
P'atasa~.a~ chloride
0.75-I.Q
pesrano? off"
?
F~atatoes
Peat
300
spraats
mmure
14f3
,~
~launonium altrate
I.S
Ej2 under plan and
Salrarphosgha~n
- 2-s-
Tj2 iota the 3ii.lla
potassium c2i~.oride
0.75-I.0
at pient'ing time
8
Spring grale~ {a-ta~
..
o
,,
,. .. ..
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 begin p.l041 _. . _y_ r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 "'~"_ _ .,,_
r~
Sahafas~ aP a}io~tian of S`ertiiaera iu the bead, ei~tta3.d nra~ x+otatioa oz- el~gPatly cultivatai pedeolia, light arnd
Pest
caaa~ure
ruperphoeplrate
:Potuaripm ohZeride
i2kt@8 i1R8~ 9F3.~ID dd??:
ditiptt eowiz~g ai ~'~e
r-sa colorer and t~ano~Tsy
t~rars y tmt year
Grsar -2nd year ~moniraa nitrsto
EK
for
~apez~rhorptrste
Laoilaarium, ct~ior#:ds
Aamroni~r nitrate
mperplraspliate
Ptst~-amium ehioridr
Superphorghate
Aaarr, in
~~.
Rime og' introdo8tidn
ands method eP p1ew+~
itrg, undeP
a:o
1.0
finder p3tray +vhen
aierror PieYd ie
plowrd a7~niaffi aiw
taste a*Ith mP~nB
c+alt3vation
tinder lali plowing
T'~TEa OP ~6Y'+~
til3cere,
~~ ~~~
fratfie
Aehea
~.
gaspleosPkate
PestaaeSem.
ohlosidr:
DOuIN in
o/'~
43f 8=x(}.95
5-4.
lsintasr rya',. after 8e'^
Liquids ~-nurre
~.t1(}-3'~0
:tatper
.,
~,
r
?a
au~
ar
t
~~
~.,~
~
L>utatoer (af'tes? gra3.a
1~eat
d?-4
IItcder first r~'~
9r
t
p
~
ry
dreppinga.
drsteontan ni-
#~~
~ Te~snrr)
ma7anre
2t?Q
plaaitag
trata
f?.B~Y
arhee
B~Ip
i'otsa6itte<
-
o~oratde
ff.~4.76
8 I Sprief8 grli (oatis'a
4a..1 r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
1 1 1 4 1
rime et iatroduo+
tiara ant~4 method
of ploring under
ilsl'ari harromdag
in rpring
~ariy ie mpring
on tha suri'acs
~rforo h+rrari.eg
is rpring
St ~nrroeing the
aprouts or with.
fist billing
At. aeooxtd billing
 Lest w. ~.. ~TM'E' /+Jrl_ tnb'd~r ~~~ x' B b ~. a 41s
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
-5aneane ax' a.,.oca~on as zerz~asasre iss a s1aw~ ^?*~raxs orvp ze4nzion vu-CUitiz+rstad. llight7,~+podcolia l~h'G 9lay.q
Na oP
the
f ioid
i~arley tith additionerT
sawing at S='aeaee antY
wiaEer grains~str5.'fJi
ddit. eo*ir;g +df gras-
ses.
~taesea - ar&vear
C~raioees ~. 2nd year
sprint *shett
9. I sprig grains
(Data, barley}
artd San~}f loam eaiTg-i
~nnxe
~'haspharite ar
bane meal
2(~
S~
gotaesimn chloride
1
l.i>
_r
..
%~ nrz.
'Feat
"sEiU
manure
300
~t~ius citrate
2=5
snperphosplSate
~:{-
Yotaeeium ahToride
Fotaeeium chloride
-l..$
2..0w1?
~mnortium nitrate
A.'4
Superphosphate
3.b
PaEaseiuB ohloride
E,B~
HRrture or
ZQfY
Gc~,ost
zoo
iarOLert grOnrtd wi't~t'e
following culti?
aationi enperphae~
phate and potas-
sit~ sel,t are bet-
ter to apply under
Bali plo*ing
ht glarttf3tg os? pa-
tatae into the
hills
Under Pirat apri
ploxing
same ar Hader p
plnnting plowing
under fa21 plaw?
mgt miaerat fen.?
tilixers part~I?
Ty into the .
rar st p2artting
r
w
~L~IA~n~ lirt4 ~tp
V4V~al
A'.{idrt J~l'PVI~Art~
Potaseiun chloride
tf.fi-@.95
the shoats
dt second hill-
tug
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 . iZi~ rran.. ~~~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
t8e~sn p.108]
'S~rrr is So nerd for liming hrre for thr sew reason. Diffiouitiy
aolubTe,yhosphor3C fertilisers art introdaaid an the fallow; as an additioca
to asm~r,, a1'~ an rxpeatation that miarobialoyioa3 actiYi~ty will lncraasr
1~S.th good auitiwation. of the tailoj., and r~f.li create fs*~orablr oarditia
for the aafrve-rsib~a of phosphbrio acid, in the aitad frrtiliaere iut9 a
forfa which 1's readi'ly asriailated by planEe.
Potatoes, $n the eighth field of t'hr arap rantio$, whioh are pls.ntrd
on~ir ploired stubble, get a ~lirr dos? oP tics ,Wrote thoroughJ,q deoo~p~gsd
organic tertiliser~ which iY intrivSr~ord locaily,i its rffrotiarrt~sas roust br
~rei~+'higbj beoaastl of the farorxbie soli and agrgtoohnioul oonditiana:
'Then ns9.ngj iri praatiae, ail t#se shade cited ',lzrstawaes of systenra 6f
irrtilzationi it is neasasary to seriously oonsidrr speoiffc local~ac3di+ -
tio$s, according to whioh one xhouid introQnoe euiteibis corrrotions to flit
oitr? anhrass: .
`~ariaiitr for teas of lrrtilization for Te table aad
r~efir b'~ odd~~sa _crop_rotatians
In rroent gears vrgetabio atriS drgstable~fcrddsr-grave grog rotations
rroeivrd a ,ride spreading, in different regiacrs of the can-ahernb~a~a sons i.fn
o~t-eotian vrrith the orration 6f powerful. degrtabierpotatoes ar~d er3lk,livr
stock raising bases aroand indaetrisl Dentate and large cities.
xn oantrast to nrenriansly exiarting 8=4, field vegetnb]e crop rotations
withant graas+as in kalYhosrs ark rookhoaesi .fhich ocaagisd azoail personal
plots in kaitr3-oaas, the arxly iniaaduceQ, and thosa xhicJa already
~~
_~ existed drsetabls and wgetablr~foddsr-grass crop rotations 'brae, alatost;
ixolusitely a grassland agrioulturr charaoter; theq occupy ex~rneide 'lend
areas. ~egeitablr crap rrtations ~thotict grasses, at pi~sent time, era err
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 oacarrsnasei o~ aaa find the ~ost],q in nabC~r"haic kalkhaasi atu3 ao~~ete
anaf they are u~uA5.1y situated oh *s~.l eulti~ted ~r~r-Fay ass
Ae fie ithroduoed vsastab5.e anfl vdgetab7.e~f'odd~~eb crop fcatatfoaa
oaaapy, is >$oiat asset, s~.ight~* anfl msd ouitiaated pa~olio aai~.s, ?ylnaffittg
t
of as ?fficisitt system oC feftiTization for them Drop r~tioiu i,a of great
interest;, Aisooa~dittg to govsrna~ent afsr~i~oeate~ the yie33 of vsgstableis on
tl~sing p.30~~ Serti'i3xed areas nest be, on tees avssxsge not ~3eaa t2yua !?a3C~E89
ofhai aud.~ t}eas~ ~ethodtli o!_horr to sPp73' tertilieexe to t~~;atable crops
bsoaeis staxt aEdre iatportant.
1t is nacssrrsary to tepl~si?eq that the fio~aat3.oa of syataas af' ~erti-
lisatian for vegetable and far vegetable?fo8dsr-grass Drop ratatians is ~
quits ne.r problem; whi6h hse au foundation is appropriate azpcsxiamfrtas by
aaSentifYO insti.tationa,
'Stoat is ~~s edn6s~ slaving the practical probl~r pf ~- system of
fsrtiiiaatian far such crap rotatfo~~ axpealal ~rttenti.or? should 'bs givem
to the '2oae~,b ~psaifia aanditions (of a kolkhosr ~ a srov~h0y) one ahauld
ntiliss ae fG31jr 8e gaxaible tie praetiosl sxpsr~~e of lexdrn-~ tat'he Leo
of !`srtilizae~s for vetstable craps` as ?siI ~ aonsidar t2se above raentioao4
Bis=ections on iltadauentnl oaaditioffi Tar formation of a system of fertilisa+
flan in Drop rotx+.tions`
Beltrw are gi-vest instances reP atflisatiag of fsrtil.izers in vegetable
eted, rgstabiefttddsi~graus crap rotations, +vhieh Dan bs at ppoductio~t flue
Sa +rarAous ~ab~.aet~ of noa~nteaFno~ee~ asset.
Birst_ oria ~ ~ ei~zco18 vtgstabla~~dar-~gx~ase Erop gotatiou, rrtsfoh ale
usha;~, (oandS.tioaa7.~,y~ pleoe aft a slightly oultivatgd~ seedir~pbdxalia
olayer}r: ~soil,g it leas ties follasin6 rotation oi' cropei l} bar~.sy, with as
additianai, ao4r#.ng bT geneses ~olover and ti~ot~,y,` '8) be~aiseee ,: 1st year,
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 ' {8~3) trans < A~706
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
'~~ graaesee _ $nd gears ~) cabbage, bbl roots for foddar, pasts for ~i7,ago
and early ,potatoes,, 8~ table soots (beetes aasrotea an& cthc~l.
? 8ebond ~~siaPald vegetable Drop rotation; la ritnated do better
cultivatefl; light cFlaysy Bails apd has the folla~ina ofap~ratst'ionm ;~
barley and iutm~ tri.th additionAl eowidg cf graeseis (clavog and tiaiothy~l,,
~) gsa?eoe of the let pee~r;~ u) gsasaoa of the 2nd pems,~ 9) cabbage and t~riips;,
6) cneu~eeraa tar~tasa, early ?potatae~ ~d leg~effi,~ s1 table coats 1;~eete a~
Earro#):
'a'hir8 -sevenfold, vegetable-fat9derRg~es atop rotations r-5.ili. en
Hs~p}~is on esr7,y pctatoas, a sl,tuated an msdirim aal.tlvated, 19.ght and
~ediula aaayey podsalia aoi8.o, t-ith the s'~alloyriag :rotation Hof aropet '~) bailey
and oats, ~-9.th ~adQitiOnal ec~ing of grasses (slaver end tilaCLby)y 2~ gsasaee
of the 1st geaf,,, ~~ graseei of 'ChB 2nd yeer; ~~ aabbags~ onaumbars~ taspctoses.
fi) faeder roots a-nd plants far a41a$ei 8) ear~[y ,potatoes; 7) table casts,
anions for lsulbing:
~'aurth ~ fotarfold vege~ble crop rotation ~.thcut gTresse~i, adapted
tc ~sil cult'lvated sliatttlg,padealia olayep sa3lal ~8egin p11U]'h~e sash
~a rotatibss of asops~ l) ca'bbag6i 2) cuoulabere and to~atae6; g) 'ta'b'le raot~i
beet6a acetate and other vegetableb. ~') eal"rly potatoeo,
1'rooesdiClg t0 tho tnatioa 6f aaraplee Of formation Hof dyate~o Of
fertii5.se-tion for the sited. crap rotations it le necessary to acts;
that aoaafderab~,e a~ounta of nainsral fertl7ieers,, whf.ah aero relea~sd,~ vit5ae
IelB, far thv ,food amps {including cegatablee)~ a3:ice to lutrofluae ?iaaf~
ahat~es in t hs gsrsv9;ousiy reca~endvd scheoaos of all.ocatl.on of f srtillaei~
oTCp rotatian0 by uti'iftaS.ng ndustr3~e,l, inera7: i"arti3ktere an a i-1,ldes rsa+~le~
''* 5chsue oP aS.loaationa of fertiltaess i#~ tha fi.rESE of the ~a~,t~a cgap
:~ -
rotatioas ie given sn ti~bla 42; +pae of 'C'hB mast is~sortant inures Par
thin crap rotatiaa, ~rhiati a mn it8tla bP "t-igh a09~$tjr, '1s timeiag of bAe ao4i.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Living it 'appXAed ?L6 the #irs$ #iald, whiah i'a t~ocnpieil bq berltq; ~rlth an
edflitiotzecl sttring of peretse~:l grasses. It rrxp be aonflaated ai#her with ttit
Pall dose of lima' 3n :this given oast rbout B t~s; or ~i'th a +docr~ed dolt
of lip; 1+~3 t~,; tacit dons E~ times ih the aonx~se OP the i'ttil ratstioti of
crops:
Ft~ '1xirleq,, .lima fm app34td duriiig tht prepisntitig aaltivrtiots ~ the
~i~oi3 ~ taaoond titia, during crap ztitstion iu the sates #ibld, liras omn bt
iiitroduesd nn8ex aabbega. X12 additiotnl tcp drassieg, dons loatR?.q is .gas
fvr cstilmge; ~ Stt ~"urr~s #or baste in sae~ll doses ~(8-T6 cjhri} is gnita
en a##eotira still t 8asirabl.e mtthod, eapaoie.2lq et~5ia hegityuing of the erop
gb'tattiohs
Marti"~R.sa43.on of persrinit-1 gf~sste; in the cr5p arotwtioa uhs#er oats`.
t4dalstion, is wary 'i~portntit beaanea the ~ali'ght7,ir oultlvotad podst37:S.e
eoi'~a, as a fliloy~are ;poor iii aatritiae tutsttauass, eepaoiel>gy pkosphoran.
l+gpliastioo oi' phospharus~patassi~ #ertilixere ie sons to gra,esee of tht
I.at year, 'btoaaae Clio ?~oaar crap Boas 'not gat aby il'art'i~itert. 'Dose o!'
minara`l #artil3.zera, iu Roaorflaiice with the oittd properties of the eoi3;
is gi~van slightly stepped ap ooppsrad 4.a average iiaST~i (table E9}.
Yi~3 tstla 'tMeio vegstRb'lt end !odder grope of the rotation a~v
oif~va #ertil:isara; at~d, first a# all; lxal orgsaia lertl~3aera? i'or
oabbwgea which is planted in the #aarth #ield oil the tufned sod oP
perennial. gfaoets,; +era c##artd di##aret~ v~rianto 04 grganic fert'i~.3.sarts
pewt~facal comgaost, sixture ~oP ,pant ~rS.t3i manure, or @it city gsrbnge. ,iis order
to utilise; 'Per a.' longer time, tlis #avorwbla ~usli4~ea et the sod aP pez+~hi,al.
grasses irn the osrop rotation; the abOvs nesnti.ozttd grganio {aiiitansa aontfsit:,ad
an p.ge 21.2, a#tar table 42}. '~>$agin p,3lll
 t~s) ar~rie: ~~~c
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~;,~
?6~b`le
Sohtme of al~,ooatioa O
- --- _ _-,rote~t3.on on eli o
f fert~llzer~ fn the v~getab~
aitiaa$ed_?Adiuta odtolio_:o'1a
o-YodNer tlisPoiB e~o~
_ sai2e._. , .
.
o.
e a ort ~ ae
ong omee
_
op om~ ggef oz~e n oee~
LAe
Rotoitibn o1' ciro~n
o.nd d~xaee of Pert
iRifsere
_- - of Perti~,f~e
ra 4.n o _
i'ielde
- _ - -- -
-
- ]tn ~ -
- - -
Fist- ---
S'ersen&
ar ey ad i
ascot
e 0
w
eowin~ of ~asea (a1o=
ver and timotriy)
f~neees - dad gear
~Cabbaga
F'o9fler roots (rasa
Jroi sell turn
~~~
fii~ege (rsttaf'14rrer,,.
~oddrii ceDbe~ge)
''C~e~ia p.3.7.~
Table'aroot? ~hee4~~
~rntps
,~
Pest-i'eCat a(ampoat
250500 or peat.
~arn~re mi,xtare
400=500 ox house
gs~r"begs B00~800
sup6~,hel~phete
s.o.s.o
go'bcieeiu& ohio~
Fide 1C6~
ieznure '200
Atatson9.nffi 'nitrate
1.6 '
~5npie~iho-7,,ppLa'ts~
3~~*36
Po'l~seet~a chlt~?
ride '~~'0
LiguSd manr~,
83lr~ted ?: 2!)0
and ?nperghoe-
phpte 1.0
litre n:
~a`1I~]ePphQE3a
',!p2U0.blR ~,aA
Potttei~itaa
oi~Ioride 0.~
'Sgperiihoaph[itm $,6 `
1.'at~aeiuTa ch'IoriBe' ~:6
I~kswite
~.
~~.
y
~~$ nitrate 1, 6
,~
.w.
Saperphoeghnts $.#3
potnat~iuaaehloride 10
?'e-t oonsgoet 30000
litre ~~p4
litre '~.~
Snperp3loephate
?
Saperphoepheto
2u~riihaa-
2.6
~. ?
pPate 3. (~
Pataee4uia ohliiride
Potaseifisa cshi~-
Pcta~eit
2+0
ride '0.8
ah~6rSde
-
!O.tf
~OC7
litre o~2
1~ftz>lti~ation o4 the plaland, r~Isiah
was pla~red in the fall bf a piaw witls a aoltar,~ ar into thr turro~s durit>a
ridjr giaxit~l. La orEer to abtais briar ?ifratixe6ass aed eaonawise on the
gent froal aa~pastb it is rsra~ersndsd to apply it .locally - itatr the t~7:11Ar
,J
trhrn glsintinl dabl~gs aeidlials: Qrlaaio fartyl4arrs err euppleseentltd hY
tsitsersl.
thr fits lirlfl at arise rotation j thr ~oflfler mate and ;sire
amps reae~e rManurn e,nA full siiners~l fartit,ierr. rAose of ssti~re is dim
areaard brr~ner of its :t~rint ale with s~inersl frrtilixerar and lalso
bsaaetss i6ese wogs srr utilising the aftereTfrats of orsania fertilisers
which wrre appisd to aabbale.
>~7,y ~dtators, which sate groper9q utilize thr after eftsai;at grt
onlp sii~?ral frrs;iliuers' Tray axe #ble robtsi bests arzd turnips it1 the
sixth 1~lttldy which era glaabsd after the fair9y writ frrtflisefl (adder rt>etr
Fnd thr aflagar Groper and rarrate~ which f61Yaw thee, rrari*re the tsori
thoroughly dsocrgorsfl forme of arjsnie terti9.iisisri talethsr with ii.tea~s,1.
~ rsca9,8 br tjuite :zprdirnt to agp]y part a! thrar i'artillasss ltoally:
'fop dressing of .alrtabls Drops in r'sletab7;e~fodfler~brass crap
rotations alanl sr].tht~ belie frrxilisaticn is a sure taithad of a Dot
sy,rts~ r+f p9tnt lesflina:' ti~r~tn p~9.IE~
Cabbala, lairs atifl tindiuay rearirrss tap drrssing x ar ~S tiwss~
dependinb on the scats of tIr crop, sssd thr early ale ~ 1 cr 2 tisss:
A12 thtree ttntritirs sabstatsoa. that is eitrolan, ghpsphoxvs sod gotaasius~,
are msds3 for tog flrsssiag:
i'he first tap drrssiag for cabbagr ~ dear after ^eadliags halos root
{about '9.01=~ days after thry haq been plantsfl ipto the soil) and applied into
the hills or furroits as both rides of the plants to the dsgth of B-E m~
the holes being 1C-?Z e>!sa away trast the plants. i2u eeaond top drrreing is
 ' (Py~ i5rane. 14.'lOd
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
it dada at the brgiaair+g of the head fat7aald.on in oabbagoai that is 2~#b +~cyr
utter the first tap dreeriog to the depth aS' 101E osa. '#Pae thittl top dfieseing
is doni `i6+=g0 days aftar~ths aemond sad to thr a~a~ra dipthr?
dL1, lira prerS.auslyr oited forts vt loaal tertiliaera aro ouitablti for
sabbage >~'hsn liquid asuaurss which dada not aot+tain phoaphorui ie used as
top drosaing it it rwseasara tp add to it ~taparphosphato (!.n as aroutit of
1 ofha'~ for raoh fsoding.
Aacarding tD the utaraater of utilisation of fwtrttiro rubttamaso;
the liquid s+anurs it apylied during tlrr first ittip tfdrsssing ~Il a lore Hof
6 tjlta of utb9ilutsd ar-nure, whiali in a ~druplo dilutiex erith ssttsr ~sra
fit? tfbii ar ts'as 0.6 i. {tbr oarl~r cabbage) wp to 1 L {flat 1r-te oabtnge)
o? solution tar each ylaet. In cur instance sineral ferti~.iaere tiro girsn
as the second top driaaing, but ons Dan utilise loom fortiliaers is ouch
a aaai too.
gupploarntal feeding of booto sad oarrotr it oanflnoti$ ogre or
twins. drat tap dr;seing is given after the first thinnit~ag of pfantoi the
second -~ after the soaoi~d thibnid;. !`ortilisad wattring is iatradnoad
into the fnmoes between plant rows during the first feeding to the 8epth
of ~ aa, erring the aeaoPrdy to the depth of 80+1 on.'
Tn our instanao aiinoral tertilisera art utilised as toy drresing.
Yn Date oY uaiag local fertilisers, it is zzeessaary to prepare weaiaer
rolutioaie for oarrats, eapeoially of such fsrtilisrroi ar pouita~r drappinss
(diluto dr3r poultry dropyiags i6wR0 tiaaer) and sow dung (dilute 14 t_arw):
this liter of solution.ot bowl or eainetal tsrtilisera it spent beets
oft 1=1. B =a arm for sasrota yen 3,.5-L ~a of the tort.
'The aeoo2zd sixfold Yegstable Drop rotation aaoording to the ry+at~a
of fertilisatiian aae-t diffir trola8ao torsgaing in so?ral peanlAaritisr,
beaanae it fa plecsd an tiers high"iy onltirrated (rsnteiaos oonts,nued an
aaa '116. attar table L3) LBecia i+?11!)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 ~$$) `4y~stkta .$'7.(18
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
ault9li~fiad~ a~;i~htfl,Y pt+daolia~ 1~gh~ C~,ajr~+ atl'cl~
X40 ~`ar~~~.fsat~.oz,j ~!~
Rat~etioa o? a and d~rn6a ;tlf terL~llfaas~ i
I.ey~ 4~ a
'E9.vnai~ ,ad~r oi' ga5lri
vlwrrdr send ~~+,~
:-W.
f~aauae
~Gi'6ileCiB ,~ '~2k~.. ~8ap'
Cab'1rs~e dre~ h1eeatal fseding for tli~+e
orr~li. '[BsgS.h 'palls)
Y'o~ 8rsssirng fcr i5uonasbers ss nsual.ly dons twiosa first - at `the
np~iearaaoe oss t1is third truo ieBf~ second ~~b the begianiug of Trait
bearing, 20~2b dais offer bhm Tirol top drtisisi~ig:
1#inr~ii ferbilizare ~~ in our inai~uos~, or ail aP the abhor oitsd
ioosl f$rt7,licere? with the exception a# feass~~oan be erred fc)r bop dr~siiag:
3lie co~ihentsatioa of the volution duet bo decr?aaed about 2 tS,mes,~ aei ib
imm dons for cdi~rotai? compared 4~ the ooaaantration which is need tar cebbage
3'lia supplamental tesdiag is implied to Clio furroii~a an t!ro ei8e>i o?
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
.--. ..~......_, 48
the plaht sort' the fist teedina at a distance es h3 os ltiaa the rar and
to a depth of i?.s aty the rsoond ~ in betasess t b. rang to a depth at l0~lf
ea. t~s liter et the tertiliaer solution is nsed for 1 a es tha tatrar
dariay the brat t?din~. fer the seoend top dreuinx, in eossferaltyr sith
the peaaldsribiea of enona~bsr terdinj, anpsrphaaphate is exolndad or its
does Sa deoreafad,.bat tha dor? 6t aaooaima nitra~s and e! potaaaim~
.alt a=y ihereaaed: 1.5 L a! ?lutiaa Sa naed for 1 a o! thr lbrror:
la~ratoea, lib the late and ardias eabbade, are ted ~1~plaisatally
! er d titisa. Loaal tsutiliaerr are latrodnoed in apptexiratel~r !hs seats
Qaatatiti? as tar eabbap, frith en. ditYereiae, that the aratut of raps.
phoaphab, trslah is added to liquid arnse, is iaoreared bare ap to 1:6
e/ha. drab f?digj (i0??ld data after pLatint thr saedlinp) is applied
ire the hill to the depth of l-b a~ a~ at a dirtano? dt 6?A w~ troslhs
planb:
In oar in.tanoe, aoeordiaj to t3~e rboro eited reatan, the tint sn-
pplewntal leedins is not done.
The seoend tep drearing (fit the b.6lnnit~ of iraitbearind ?? aboat
lb?26 dayrr alter the brat), ands ~ ease at esssasitr, the third (18.
20 dais atb ttu reoond) is dons t9 the depth a! lO+IE eY: litro;6an and,.
eapeeia17,7s potaaaima t?diaj e! p3,a~a L iuoraasad for th. a.oand sad
third. tap dresaiad: for the tisrt teedfns a ,pail of solntian is apanb !or
YO pLnta, far the anbasQwttt one ? for ld plants:
It it esao?aaryr te~atreas, that the atest iagertanls aonditien tm a
Kish eft?t of the tap dreasinj (u wll u as the baale tartillaation),
on the yleldini eapaoit7 ed' ?etetable eropr i? the adhe=eno+ to aNthoda of
eorreet aO'ot?hnies far sash prop.
?hr last of loddar?tey prep robtiormr, which sea tabrn by na tar
obrar~atian~ is the ?nn!'old n[etable-foddaeygaas erep rofxtioay ib ditterr
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
!?rae the Lwe lSgit esop .~ataatiane only (seatenae Ye eantieaed on page Y.le)aCter
sable bike [Ee~l.n p.xl7]
~:~ble ~4.'
itrueaer eP tNe gne year
Cabbages
Cnaumber+a
Peclder raatr and plants
!ar s9.lsge
~arTOtr and e1tS.aYte
Cfor lwibina)
in #'he voget+xb7.~+t'ectdir+^gt'arr ssveetf`oYCt
r.nnre aoa~aa ar
pigatdmaaaxe nixtare
~ot>~~ao
~t~oni4m nitrate
Q.0 "
~uperphnephats a;a
pataee3uss ahlaride
dupnxphoapha'bM 'g,:4'
'Pourrium"ahlaride
7,.6
.'
~ n.a
8uprrphttiaphate
l.C!
3'otarelAm ahl~idr
a~b
1~6
Peet ateapaet ~Oa
t~uperphatlpbate
~,r~,1k.a
Patereiaffi chloride
1:A
Peat-fecal o~oet
Qaa-sao -
Superphoephate 3.6
Fotaesivwa ahlorfda
2,8
A~pxaniua nitrate
3:.6
~quld aae.nure 21%3
8uperpharphate 1.8
-
~
xitre a.d
SnperPh~phate
~:~
Potesal6ts ohlarYde
G:d
+
8uperphaspl~te Y.6
>~atarsiun ahloxide
Y
tt
~Begia p:l'18~
_
.
Peat aarpoet ffi00?,
7Aitre a.~k
1~itre 13:8
guperphorgh~te ~.0
Buperpharghate l.a
Saper
~6apho.sr
Pptexrriupi ohlaride
Pataesid~e ohleride
,
1.0 .
Y:s
a;~
f^ataarxm. oh7.oi~ide
-
cs:a
200
-1Ji.tre a.>r -
~~.~ a:~
gnperphasptsate E.d
Snperpharphate cars
&epazlshbrgha~+
Potaseinn ablorade
Petasriun chlarlde
a.d
1.0
a.lb
Pata*eidm e3-lox~ds
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
-?
 ' {32~ int. A&7U6
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
tho preeenae aP a rrhb~ $ieltl undar oarly pbtatcee sufl n coe~bfrfsat9.bn
is cfra fi~ild oP c~abtxige at=8 Of frnit~vebetable ar5pa. In bb~naebti.bn raith
thiea the tbhaao eho~vn in table ~, (oea~tenoe a bbntiaued bn page 11Be s.Pter
table 46,x.
'Pa~1e 46e
Saherae bP mllobi+tiozt bP Pertiliteri 3a sl tegetnblo Drop rctetibn bb. well
blo :rafta.e
beets
fart wnd 8aaoa oP Per
1:llise~t_in o%a_
l~knure 8~
litre E.(! -
~Supeepho~ep3iata 2.6
SPOt~nt a icuuolil bride
1:6
litre 1:6 "
Snperphot~ihtete 2.0
Pbtenttiue~ ehlbride
1:0
FBnt ooffipoat o>=
honor 800
>Itiitro l:6 "
fiuperphbsphtxiutor aropa
~! 8s ~9aing g>c?nin arop9
9.'C3emn faliaa
10~ Rllatar etops
'r~:e
~o;a
bh$a~
3''~$d
nitrate phae? 63ra~J
[J~~ i CZ11D
~P?lA~e. ids
9 ~8~ '~0.9 .?6 ~.~ .G
 Viz) -,~ ~~n~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
#n yen ^o~~ln=tltld b~ois rat~t5.an%Cgap ra4~biat~ ~rl:th aaupp'l~aot~ta bseefl~.u~ 'a4
I
---- - -- - - - _ "
~ -- - ----
~s? ra oa
nor8eee3 yea- r~bion
_- - f ., i~~.zer8 . - - - ~ - ---
ferLi zed _- - - -
- ~- --
Wore
ar. um
w r?
~
e~
o
um
ups-
Pateea
'it~tatlon ayist~ss
`(ita 9;,/
uit~ti
gBiaa~
~aium
{3,ffi ~.~"
nit~tm
pLCa~,
Bl~ta
7 ~3 '
ptiate
' ch~,o~
t~ ha)
~
phate
ah~o~
(l~ae=
r9.d~
~~has~
rr3d~,
- -
.a i
-
- -
I
_
--
,~
I
~: pis
~
0.8
Z:6
~~0:6
f~0
80
0:75
- ---
~' p ~gd 'iraaf a ~
odt ra
B
~
Ab
0.8
!.5 '
~d 6
~
i~
~
_
'~.
0
i2'
6
:76
p
~a'"~pT`iA~ ~diCi 6~`Dp9
.ir
~~ i
'Ot6
r~
~.
~
_
~QiQ
0.5
s
6 CroppmQ fe.~'Eaa
:. '~
Oa ~
~a~'6
~ ~
i0
0.?
~.U
~: Hinter ~irieia amisp ~,'
"20
08
Qa6
~
x0
08 '
X2:0
~-
~; 6pri;tg gra~;a crops
.~
?
~?
~
~~
0.'d
1'S
0~5
'8 Gleams e.1~ aragped
~
-
-
-
-
in Plin
ter c
'
~
0.6
0.8
.~
~
B
0:
= -
065
:r-- -
a
8 itm
I
,
-
- -i eoii _ - - - -
"~- --
----{4.B . _
-'Z.'S - :
- -l.d
.:. ~
~J:'8 _
~.ff
_ .'1.0 _
Tate~l :far asap
I
ratstiba.
6{~
48
50.0
~.5
80' ~
G6 ~
x.6:5-s
.~~5
_i?air.hn of _. 'I~rlaiAd.- -
-
,6.G'- ?
lOt~ -'
0.9 __ '
~
0.25 -'
-- '~,$
- _'0.6
gc'6 -'
__ 4:~
?abie 8
Fert~iizatiaa Gyr~t/~aa of a trine=i'ie2ei t`i~e~d~orap ratatittn ~t9.th fiiA~,iie ;o>'
pote~tod~ esd as c~mat~ fai~Srsv'Crop z~al~-tYan +t5.th auppSenea#aryt ~aeaSi~ ,
- - --- - --- - - = saw. under rodinter :ez~ _ _ _, - - _ - - -
_- - -- -
- tsa _ - -
e an - - ------ - -
-- - _ -
e ten tan t invresuae ;satura~t3.an th
!~ ci~eeet
d~; xiater i
" o~ape
pofxstbeis
F;~Croppell fu114iv
e~;giater arc~c
'9,+ 'BprSaB twin
B ~ar~j* pot~-tae>i
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
- - -
 1!x'1 Trah~: x=707
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
b ~, i~ 1zm ~C6ntlxcaed~
~ea~_ under dprf ~aAti ,ar
T~~rtili~at3:cn ayrstaca of elavi9tr~i"iel8 field-crap rrsCation pn Irolirhosea oS' tlta ~atn diatt~.cts ''
--ia th? '1~cvY- 8e tyn;0 - ._ic~i'~ition >~:th ~a lae~eu ';desdi a1`_ bRds ender wS:re'tbr e~d.f
~tture,
(i>z ':~,
:Cat~ilte~r~
-- - ----.
ee~
'~:` t7r~+ieas
3. "ifin~?r ~ epzing
^drog?
9.? 8a'6t en8 lit arogd
5: C~t~ppad >f`[t~~ldii
6? '1Pinte?t o~,pe
CrCPpad ~a'>ilire
'~$ la'1F'11181' '~1'6p~.
~. ~1>prirnp, ~Sisi
i0~ C2+~a'Pa'11~e
11. Aiater ran ;~
,~ yes -
- -
~fuca for c'~io~
Pay ~ of gYcwl
^~ 1.B U:~ __.
a' .,-
~0:8 25 ;11?f~
~.6 1.S& i~:&
i0ie ~.i8 d6
17:B D:0 ~.
(1:8 3 Q ~ 1)1a
~s5 ~~.~ ~1~~
evranot~ um
r?
.i*atnrt.
tsitrnte
phots+
ditto,
phets
~hlo~
-
(i4e
o-:~el
- -
a~idb
- --
-
:
..
8
0
l:B ~
2taJdt:
tlTti3ieation ~~' taenure in ~e~.
lie3d o~p ~atetions~
hasuahneio gonfe~dataiter po Prob~e~e
,Tapot~m~vapl.Sas '1~6tri,7~rh tstgahnite~
tldoDranii ti3k~enekof~ s~~. ~*?
39~3e~S3~3: ~~'.ag
{~ ~tnee~an)
aanura 3.e npplicd to fa33ox aadar ~s.nta~ or+pa apt the tetra et !~6 tone ;gar
thely redu0e harmfu;3 ~oncantrati~s of sa1t~
~lae '7ert~hn3.aohf Tranpvi ~,'~gov a'nd oneTc eaperimenta~. etatibns
hav0 oohflLtisted a ~atudp +~! the fo~l~oxi.ng ~syi6tams~
a~ isa naS.ng the organo~inerafi ayet~y ewi],ed the fuu$anaatal o~
3'he 1'ebiiia~q,, 3947 ~lenu>e pgotrided; among otheP thinly ~~' the ~e
oP dtgariia and mineral P5=b3.1l.e6rs. ~n Rrsoordanae 1~'lth t'!Ja p3an for t~ .
adaptation oY gds-fie].e atop rCtatioad the item of ~kaahnevy g~ta,:.
ahe~ ~nt~ '~ilyi~s is being etraeeird. ~perfinente oo.~dubtad bae the A31~
anion "~ic'i:entifia~F?eaesroh 3netftate of Etag~r Beetr ~Vseeoiusrx~i ~(cunhna~.
Yaeledbva~3ie~.i ,1:ga'~itut s.xrn~3 '~~~a'~ by amtiy of its stetiontt
~ho>w'that exoe~:3ent ~esuats ara aahie~ed ~3' gpg'ly7.ng a~binatione e'
raanus? and r~inarei3 tnrtil+laera. ~ l7rgornia frr6i~,itars ia~prisvs 'a3s itYa
pt~iaveoh~nioa], propertiaa and miarobio~:~gf,ca$ activity in the ~sot.3, ~-nd
ha, a~snd under aagae beets it ie ~g3ibd under tiie p3o+r in turaii~g 6~r >~reah
g~eelaud 'et ttfe rate ~bf ~0 taae per ha, Yrhich ~ounte to #:6~E~ esf the 'Rotei3.
~~ -
aipi~unt ~ nutritivm e2vsaetitr~ contained in organi.ts fels~tiiters first ortip Fra'te
tion. ~ this ~ryst~a ~aia3 fe"rti3tc?~e 'R~ wpglia8 to the leading t+fr
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 4z) ?rans, e.~oe
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
used is crop rvtatian ? winter and eprin~ wheats, sugar beat, to trans?
plantation of ~gardsn) beets, and under ~raesesg
L) i:n the sineral sgstsn of tertiliae=e, tho asount of aytrititire
alssents ii egaivaient to their oontent in the ~or4anO~ineral, systesg
o) in the rrganwminerai eyrten cf fertiisere, sianure oaataias
fOJL of the tota3 a~ouat of nutritive sn'betances ased in arcg rotatiutt;
d) in fhb orgeao~stnersl system, a13 ~esmira (48 tons per ha) is
epp3ied to !allow under winter amps,;
e) the org-no-xinerai eysteh 9n whioh mAZSara Se applied under beet
!) the organs-a1.a~rel syntmn applging tsi-nure to laliar under winter
tops et~ft u~cdsr g~.sseeg
a) the orgeaxayei~ral system is ,ahioh arsnnre is eppiiefl to Pel3ow
wader winter arogr and to transplehtatioa of beets
Ia these variations in the fertilisation ?ystrat the estoant of
nutritive ,snbatanaes iatroduaed in a wrap rotetion resainx the ?ame:
Oraes-field orop zrotationa is which fertiliser syeteaas ere studied
era ee follaws~.1) Pa3lovr, 2) xinter wheat, ~) tranxplaatation of beets$
4) ~spriag grains with a euppl,eaentmry sowS.na df gross ~aizturey b) grass
riixturss, 8) ~eess eistoses; 7) spring w1raC, ~) eupr beets.
11 t the Yer"khaiaah 8fxtian the suriount (in kg/ha) of natritive eub~
stamens and atiraura iti the basin praana-mineral fertiliser system Lsz
Crop
df
~ECb
~?
,'ii-riures the.
lYinter crop sprouts
50
90
?0
26
T~nsplantatioa
'b0
90
70
Cass suture
-. 8prina ~hsat
2E
SO
4b
70
46
80
~-
~,~.
~y Beets
lOQ
1~0
300
1?0
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9~~~
~' ainaun'Ea, horroro~ir, ~~ @n thi x~hols~ or~axr~ainira~, aom~.
binatioda prbdtaos bittir riaulti t2snu axial tirlsiliaoa~i alone;
saiii 'a`iah Sn oaige~ iubitanaii Qsriwd lrgx ~rassss, wrnuri ii liei
sftsotirni; Oti ioixrr in iKhioh 'rxotility m! ar~S.o substaaac,u~ it ;poor ,
aatiuri sasr~ a poi3ti~rs inYluinoi.
~ttiirtion east bi direatsd alio ta{~ $w-lity of ~hurrr, ~~
iaprr7.aiafai havi daaa~tratid that a~robio irarua~y, ragaF8laaa a~ oonsidirabli
loiiii 0! arganid substanair ~a'nd nitrvgina ii~`67it i!i ~ualit~r ai a rieudt
tsf a 3~ib diftiou7.ti l'~drolyiis off` ~aa~Bouuds wrift2i a ditra4in and es~an aoritint?
&irul@s ribtait~d in is1?a'iati~sts aondaatid ~ 1948 ~t thi 8i].atearkorrr~,
PIF9a~iiix $tatYp3L! Cbatiasid 'thi ~pathiils that 'thi intlnindi fiCS3'~{-~
by ierobia and anerbbio axeicure upon '~- ,y3+1d a# rrtintir 'and s ~hiat,
~ pei`ihitial gsai,~ii and tu~ar buts 'it ptaatiaally thi ~aai:
,_?
~ riru~,ti of itsYiati;atiops bonduetid by ttu A11..itnlon ~8eltntitio~
kssssmh leieti of Suter Eiati Arid ~ iti aititiatu taari dirnatsitratid that
?-i3e~,d atop ratatioss iri a ltsndatoirital rind dsoiiivi ltiiCtar in rdadiri~
ttu aatfaa o! ag4ania 4nd a7inira~ lirtilix~ire iii sftsati~i, in ar~eatit~ atori
i>a ?'n ersper~ase~t>s aoicdaCtsd at .
_ _,_ ~_ ~_Vark7tia9.aah,_~~atfs5ri'ta_7.9+48 e~H ahd i$orae~e_4C ~ #~s+' _-- _--- __- -.-.
- - - -
sa.~ --- `-qf1 _o ~r - oa - --
~
- -
- --
a e
ar
x ugsar
Ncl fe~i"lta?r
!~4$e!~
ESQ
9~.9
ld.4
-
88:2
1;$.4
-
1~..b
-
~+~
-
22~ ,
~Or~ao ffiStiersl~ ~'
~~~$
5~
~.~
-!?.8?
'~
?. '1,:4.
4b$
~:~
"1~~
~
8
~.11dS'1l1 '~
~++idrs
$~~
'Q~~
"Qa~d
~
?~.ie~l
~fa
~i?~
l`~
.~
y
~~'.Vi7
.. ..
E~Patstfvenea~ ,of ferti$iii~px~ in ratst~ a? ~a~ei"1,e18 s~ro~se fa ~_
-'ate oT I~xon~fk '~t~tirog._ ~t_~~5.~~.sa~ ''t~lfre~ _ Xie of cr` ~ ;1~c o' ~ _ __
fiyete~ of Fs3~t5.++
19.es~tfon
 iri a
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ~~
~~b3e be
TnS'3ue~oe of farti3~sers upon t1x1r ett~udtura3 ccmpoetf,an o! poi3 ia, ez-
....~,._
.~, 3946 ~- ttai8.w-
_.
y . - inter
Y ~,
.
t
,
t1~I~S ].a~tf
$yettm of 2'et'tS+~
~Ipt"1fo1~
y
~ tai- Ott rtst
~oKi? tan er
o wa- r
3itttlott
~
five str~o~ r4tietaat
53va ~truC+? a"bs~.s~agt
rceaistant
~
exe+. sygtygatee
~aert3 ti3.+= +~gsraastee
agg,~e~tes
-
ffi4$tt4 -
t,r~ts
satxo-mines
~
~
~
~
,...~~
.D
'~
2~rrs0 ~
f3Lt~8
22:8,
'~x.ffi
SS.f+
~$B.~
131nera2
A-3C!
65,8
tZ@.$ .
~$.$ ~
"~9.3
,27:0
'~
3ti~2S
1~v.5i
$`~:'~
~.6
37; i4
156~`p
`25~G
86.T
33,.8
73.>:
46.'6
6f1:0
~tb~,e 6
~Co~spastti.an oi' d~oii mierottr6anxetss uafler wriate7s ~Fhes~t 3n ~expsrSs~+rats ~
Fxger$~~2 vtPfa$ieuis
--
'~ata3:'ami~unt of" btotier3.a
S 13ep. 0 ~ 2
_
~iatxil~t a4 .1Ctt
8 ep. 3. 7 39 sry 3.848
stn o ni.
4rt m
e~ y
-_.
947 '3946
Nt1 ~713't~:3~'~t:Er
~.~
~~
~.'~~
~ ~~b ~
~dO 3.~
D~ncurb ua~ila' x3nter ez~ope
76
13.b
~ 262
8d
23.f1 4`10
3~-2SUZ9 un8er ~be~ltt~
fi5
3,9~!
~"~~,$
~ 360
62Q~ iTSD
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 ,q(~
laD1? 7.
3ttasti~~r of a+ra1-!.o ?nd awu~~Dia aiuxtnv (ia o/!~) is urprrtaanb aR
tls~ xnmo~ dtatio~-
ltt~r~tt~0b ob Ha~r].rq
(aroot~d ornq)
asJva -
Ja7y E, 196615.
 (Abrtraot)
Bys ~. Adeiran
3vat~avbkii, X. P.
Giazeri6 1[ok lcaliinoe udobrenie
gab tabak. .~
(lSlaeerite tie a gotae~iam A`er,tiiiser for
tobaaco]
8enisdeiie; 6i66~67. lPav. ig5~. ~0 Z44
(in Iiaaeian)
Qiaeerite, o nan~ahlarane pofaeaiua fert~il.izer ie effaative udder
tobaoco on fallow [lsale~h~). fhe Ail-Unian $aientifia Rariearah 3nstitute
toi~ tbbaoaa and li~3thcrt~ aor~duotsd (ixperimeate with ~laeerite under vefie-
tetive end field aonditiane far ee~eral years. Hour tRbioe ehaw the aom-
partitive reeuite of glaeerite, patw.eiiua euifate and gotaseinm chloride.
~laierite inareaee the yield and S~gro~res the duality of tobaoao+ Ott
' ru~paeres potssiiant ~u).4'ata in efFeotivenbai.
s,~/vo
July 10; 168
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~n~: A~.~~o
(ADStiaat)
Hyt B. Adelns~n
Bia~luYae., ~ 8.
~ieiiohesketa tior'4ba a pyreem
paltuchin7.
~chefnical oontral oi' gusok grsds~
Lee i,Step`i~--cal. 4, no: l2,
ppe74. Dec., '1962. 99.6 +~86
',the ohemiael preparations used in tha aantrol oP gaaok.graee
'heretofore are E,4iDiohlaraphenasyacetic acid (2,4-DU~1 and 2mbthyl~~4~?
ohloropheeoayaoetia acid {2iI:-~D) The ,preparation isopropylothera
phenylcarbemate {~Phb or 3PFt6) has proved cerb? eFfeatice $or monoooty~
I' ~~? ledons: After various eap?rfnlbntc it wde established that 1~EPhC elimitatea
queal~grass Rithout ie~uring yanpg trees, if applied BeU cm below graaud.
,~ 4'hs experiments, haKecer, are still is the initial stage end require
~ further ~~rtudy before the herbioide oen bro used in shelter belts.
liA~V(i
July lb, 1'858.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Trabs. A=7ll
{Abstfaat)
$y~ R. Adelman
1i teY~saioheegott? savete ainisterstva "
ssl'=kaao khoaiaYstva 1 tagogovok S6SR?_
'[At the 3eohnical Qaunoil?af the Yinietry of
Agrioniture and Prooarement of the t!$88~
Zamleflelie; ~selle~ll9? Ang, lass. ~0 ~A4
An article by Lgsenka on araieing the;produotivitp fn the nos-
blAcla soil belt" haft brought a flood of inyuiriss from scientists and others
ocnoerning agro?teahnical principles of soil fertilisation. The Technical
Caancil a! the ?nistry of Agriaulturr errangefl a tweeting at xhioh Lysenko
anfl many others ai."red their views oa organio~ and stinerai fertilisira and
on methofls of their applicatian? Sane delegates fflt, end Lysento admitted
that }tie propceals needed further etndy and hnd to be tested under inflaetrial
conditions. The i'eehnical Council voted for further toot to be oonduated
at scientific institatiane and on kolkhcses? The principle sab~eots were
the appliaaticn of euperphoaphate mixed rlth tiatnure,, and supplementary
feeding with pataesium end nitrogen fertilisers?
TiA~VQ
July l0, 1~b6
T~~_ __
t
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 !tans. A~7#,~
{ASatraot)
Bye S. Ildel+san
(Influents Of #ertiifsers upon the 9ieid of
,potatoes]
Sad i OdoroQ, '86776. Auk. 1961. 8U ~aiE
(Ire 8nssialu)
Data nn the in#lnence of manaro and mineral. #srtiiisers aeon the
SH.sd of po~toee, euaiimbere and taxatoee 1'he rats ~ ~.aera~, ferti??
!leers proitaaing increases is ae #ollors6 ~SOp90~8b for potatoes,
pe0p90g80 #or oaoambsrs, >~gpP6pK8p #or to>~toes~ sBeathat cause
gum exudations while potassium iodide with xenthol produoea no cosh
phenaa~na.
In3ectan oP iodine was due to the foot that in praloagcd ~pplfi.
cation bf stem in~sation feeding the wood cells in the wound through
which the absorption proceeds beoorie "dull?, S.e. bwrrSers Post in. the
 o~iLi. l-irrt ~ s3.mply widened the wound by nutting off (ireeda) the
014 good, but this Yeiulte4 in severe illness of the plant. 'The sround
failed to heal for a lon6 tiaio. '161te1n 3 bs~;aa to use io4iney these phi-
~ngmena were no longer obrerre4.
Iniluenoe of nutritide rabstanosr upon the plant at various stages
of its detelopm~nt wan use8 to eliminate perio4loitp o? fi+uition in
fruit treeai $n ,April, when the soil was not yet eutfiofeatly warm
and water war evaporating t'lerou~h the eurfaoe part oP an apple trio in
tranepiratibn, 3 taoaxplished an infusion on the apple tree "Zol~otoi
raneta that oonelsted o! [the following) oawponents to b.6 liter of
rwwter~ )I~ /~ (~
Ii(;neai~a ohloride 1f&Olg iii.f.i.i.ii..ai...i...i..i.l.iei.ii. di2$ gr
Potasalu$ ohlori4e jWl ?..i.iii.ii4iiii.iii.i.ii..i..i.i..... Vi`6 gr
F'Otaeeiuxiiu~.te ER@04......ii.i..??i F...?N..iii...'Hi:iiii? 4iV
.Aarnonium sulYate (I~!)g$ Oi ... a ... i .. a :............... . .... Q. 6 gr
Caloiuta nitrate Ca t80E)E . ~ . ? ~ gr
lbralic aoid.;i......i..i.........iiii.........ii..,..:.....i...Q:ol ~
Potaesiua Sod34e ..i .................i.,.i.....ii...........i..V.IU &r
Phe aggle tree was Pe4 this oomponnd by the atom in3eotion metha8
until duly s-~ile the peel of the fruit was,youts~r and green, i.e. while
the growth prooessss were taking plane.
Inter, free duly until the ieoond stirring oP ,juioe ~sokodriahenie]
the apple tree was tad disodium h,8rogen ~iivukhdaaerhohennyst) phdapbate,
sugar ami eaoohariae. yruiti began to ripen in Auanst -one month
earlier than the usual time. 1ltedn the yisl4 was gathered, the apple
tree profluoed new, normally developed fruit buds.
 Attar the ippiiostion of etas ityjiation fending, the apple tree
brou6At an abnndaat yie18 for a period of three yeare~ but in the tall
of 1560 there warn ooneidersb],q leas fruit bads oa the agpli tray than
before; Thi6 prompted the hypothesis that dui to a tood~shortagi in
the roil, the root system vise oaoe again reooa6trnotiag the tree grp~a3.ra
for the ~orair phyeiologiaal proosssee;
!then the moil ie not noistshed naturally, then etas in~eotioa
feeding oP aqueous aelutions intluencas the organise sad compels it
to adapt itsslt to new autrit3va oonditioas; iihan soils are aoistaned
,naturally, thin rtes fe~iiction feeding of aqueous solutiohe Rae littii
Otfect, ~enae, in sriai v~hiri soils !solo natural moisture, stem in;~aot
Lion feeding of aquaoue eelutionr is of great importanoa.
!then there fe sat#loient coil aoirture, stem in~iotion feeding Dan
be applied with dry elements: Tn 1949, stem inasotioa feeding with dry
elitnants was apgliid to piaoh; i'h~ oaloulatid dose of nutritf~e Delta
wxs greeaad fnto thisshape of a oylindrical tablit~pill~rnd inserted
into the Dana! math at the truntc collar oP the peach tree. The soil
under the psaah was regularly irrigated; In Augusts this tree produced
trait of various rises. On the southern aide oP the crawl the Fruit
wan large. but on the northern side of tlu Drown it was asall~ as
usual. 9'hi amount of fruit was the ~ami on either iicta of the crown.
This le axpiained by the tact that at the time the oansle ware flrf11e8
through the tiret;midullary ray, there was ao second asdullary ray irx
the tree; Shia induced ae to ohange the tachniQui of etas injeotion
leading for tree epediii, to mete it more ^pioitio and ettaotive~ i.e;
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~~~
to 3njeat 'the preparat3ota~ into baoh mr3Sn3,3ar3r r`ray^to exert influenco
Ltpon the ~o~at system lil* ro~ale~t~,o~ of its asaomd3ng aui~ent beeetele+
ThiD is Rorie e~+ foi5:ts~6e# an the 'perfpheraS: Pam aP trio tree tputnk the
namber bP fi~edallait~y #ays pfreseiit near the frank aal]mr Ss calaulnted
by the presence of the v9,goroas rots, ,anel ~& ~sanal 'ie drSSied in eaoYi
my ap CFO the head cells of the tiaei~d ,{bud Writ ns fax ae the'ecre)
R'hs s3etho~ e#' gt~i in~eataiz fseding has a gi?en~t ,future. Tte
use 2e ~c3eeS,rub'1e !.u foraeatrq is- the prodaatian of new .forme of Broady
pine"t dpee5.os.?
8h~8p
daly 7:9,,,L868
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
D'oaomarohuY, a.g.
&osh~
{IZge)
Za vysokie nrozhai seraov~lldx kn7.~tur~ p: 81'9 .. 328.
D+toskna, SeiTlrhosgit, 1955. 59 Z 14
(1n 8nssion) ?
Traasi. A ='714
(in fnll)
Day;+~. Nskmrenko
D3ya ;is etost vi.dely spread !n oeatral regions of the Rnasiaa
:yedaration, in iaada along the Volga, in northern and north-xsnt region:
??of Ukrainian SSk and is 8yelorusaian SSR. ~iera~,as in other regions of
~:
??the coantry, ,?inter vari?ties of rye are cnltieated, rhioh have high end
stable yielding ompacity and a urger grain.
? ~ i?, after wheat, tha coat i~sportai3t grain food crop:
recent years rya oooixpies an ever larger place in the feed balance. }3y
planting winter rye stony loading kolkhoaes and sovkhoste get their earliest
been feed for cattle.
Spring rye is but negligibly spread and So auitivated priesariiy
in those regions where tha growing of winter rye is extremely difficult
on aCCOnat Of 4etrere winter Conditions and dot enCUgh snow. 'Bach are eolre
regions of eastern &iberia and of Trensbnikai.
Hinter rye is ahigh-yielding crop. Leading farces of the coontrye
wader diverse conditions, obtain frog year to year high yields of rye. 20
or sore oentners per hectors. Thus, A tcolkhos "braanae gnamias, fa
'Acrid = (lorodskll raion, 8reetekaia obiast' of 7iyleorussisa SeFt, is 1953,
obtained ?A.1 efha o! winter rye from its whole planted Brea.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ (~) i'raae. A - 714
~3.
8ge, in this kollrhox. wrens sowed after poGateee; rhich sere
plantrod on s ole3.:n tallow., 'khirtg tons, per hectare, at peat-a~anure
co~post rare introdncefl udder potnGOe^+, the plaatiag Iran (lone (bogie
page 330) i?r~ediately sfter hsrvastins the potatoes end hsrrowin~ of the
field. is the early tanriog, supsrphoslhete in a, Qaas of 'l.S e, end
potaesiua ohloriflo aG 1 c p~:r hectare wac lappliefl e,e tap drenaing for plants
in the fieide sowed to rgs.
In order to aoaserve the swisturs, to reware dead leavice, and to
iacroase the aceens of air into the soil,;harroriag of trio sowing wrss
sons in ttro "sleds" (gangrs) . Xktring blooeing of rge the kol3ctioa carried
out e. supglemsntarg artitioial r!+laolliantioa.
Is kol~hcas '"1Corniatera" of NorilcvsLii ~,~ioa, Ko(rllorsksia oblsst~
in Ayelornesian S9T3' fs cbtsining coaai+terahle yi+lde of riater rg`n oa
eangy soils. 'q'hitr'kalkhcn planes Tinter rgs after ~- lmpine tallow.
Aa a rsil:e, the soriag is done 'with ~igYi Qiusli,ty srsdE, alraga in a rnarrow-
row Wanner, with s norm of 2 cths. 'Qrantxlatrd euperphasphate 0.8 c/he,
ie aplied sir~ltaneouslg with. the Aeeds,. 3)aring the t+icoAiag period of
Tee u twofolQ suppleWSntary artificial pollination is carri!~d oat.
Owing to Bach steaenres, the giald of rfnter rye campriesd, as on average
for Gyro go>are (19$~ w 19bu7,, '19.8 c per hectsre.
._ d stil] higher gie1G carte ohtaiaeCu Dy tolTchor. 'sgovaia sshians" of
'7sr'klnne-Halli.n~~ii raian of NoloGoveloaia ablaat~. i~roa~ as area of 169
heotarss they harventee, in 1953, '?A.~S c,~ha. L'tiea turning tihe fallow.
the kolkhod ap:+liad to axost of the ts~ee up to tS0 t of rs~nurs rauA, uy to
3 tone of line per 3lbatare, axis! phosphorite! Tassel, eslcnl.ating cbouG Q.8
t per ~! GO the vhe1F arF.a?
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
4
Sate rupee at ~~ratochnice rise adkc~rra to vary rigidiir is the
ko1lehoa. Da18 hips ~urlity lacrliy tregieaa~llred variety ~iatkk of
Minter rye eeeda are ra~rrd. An eiwtifiaiai, anp~lsnenterfp pailination ie
81e~+o aoadaatt9. daring 4loaaing. A iea~ing ez~erXence at one of the
1~lkhom brigrder o~arkr amoat ~ paeeibi7:ity at oEtaining hero .ti3.i hi~trr
+yielde of Minter r,~r. x bald of X9:6 o/hn. rtes oDtriAetf 'tiy ~ >arigsdr.
takoae lrndar True a hero of Saoireiietia Inter ~. i). gaklanore. 3htr
lbrigr-dm Kne the first to Qo liefng ai tk*_ ooTl. iferlde~r this, co~rsct
to ether hrige~deee they. eoae~hati insssea4od Ike dote ct tertilf4err.
~'lsotiveneae of 1lning it A1eo sttestod by the e~larienoe of
$olkhos Fitreni Halataia" of gerekhte3~fl. raian, goetra*akrin ahiaet#?
~whoea t+~t-pod~eaiic sai3a a-rva yen incrr~ed rcietit~r. Ae~ t'rr ba~dk er
tt 1948, the first t1llege brigrde of thf.e kollchog a~plird S t~~la
(DagSe Pafia 891) of .1iaa ttu.'f uencl o'btie~ttt on ttie develapmant of n~irr variatiea whioh
,sill air mo~i fully irtduatriafi and export t5b3ebti~ar~ ahQ the ob~eEti4ie
.ot as i~rned natiomsl, diet" (lr~ohuria+ '1936). 'ffia taaohi[~g ~oonaerai.ng
dirac3tod ~aa~latl:on opened up ,p"oebibiliti~ for areatl.$e 6uidanbe of the
de~relap~nt of plant ithd an4~al ~oFganiilra~ o? planAad e~alation oi' aei- tares
,rith dee3rahie et~r-otsrietioe: I~ ~`. ~fahurin~a aen- vax~,otiei have geined
~idehgraud dirt~l8utior: lxi the TA~ains; ~.n the oXCtiarde br ~'lkhor~es and
s~hoeie, an plots ~osned bye >Itb7~hbaniexia lnbarera and offllee personnel
e
a8~eat tb thoi~aeit tha?ra ate ~artiz~ '884 thou~aad p1ar~ of th? ~Eiohur~n
apple variety ~~Insa~ ahafraa~i#~ ?9l thouaa-~d piantfs of the ;plat ''here
 '!
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
in additian, ? large nwaber oP ether ,l6ahurin variatisr +-ra under rsn3tS...
ratiane 'bel~tlar?i~.ttibe, Fr~~lan]p~, 8~nklod 'riforn-wi Yladerodnaiw
Ilishuri~ '[i~ahurin4e fruitPu'1 any].
6sil~atian o3'.fsFuit apd berry amps in the id7braine bore the itttlueaoe o!
I.V. ~1Q.csbnria's teaohing: atrssslnt the great fatportanoa o! aelaation
rror~ to the State, cad the need for coning iu the dsr-slopmant of caw varieties
laid the Poundatian for the setabliahxsnt and diatributioa of ecisntiffa=
research institutiaas in the Ol~sine:
Ivan Vladi~nirariah xatahad carefully the worle of se3aationers cad lent
"thus the support o~ riia awn authority: In the salutory telears~'aKalkhosnea
aelo? asnt to the sditorta oftiee {l9~) he xrataf "to fliraat ipsaAal
attention to the prsa~rwtion of aevaral hundred hybrids dawlaped by the
eelaatfontxt Lhas ~ahailoriah Ao, at lfleevc rrhiah are of anornoua impor#~noe
to th~~Btate" (l~ahurin, 1939.
S'he repeated appaala addrasaed by Iran Vladiairovioh to aoientifia
xorkers, resaarohsrs, kalkhosnilu and labarars of the Ukraine hake aontrib?
uttod 'to the deveioptasnt of aafenae and praotioai !fruit aulturs.
i5aleetioaers of the "~lkraine oea the poslti~e raanlte x2liah they hers
.attained solely to the asethad of h~hriditatiott and dirsated rearing devslopad
by I,P: i~fhtsrin.
Systeswtl,a xark for the devalopaaat of Harr f't~iiit cad berry variatiira in
the Uk>Faina waa began in 3aiet ties. In th6 preretiolntiaaary period only
r>M-I,1 s~-ls, ringla pro~eata xsre aodduotad by indixidual scientists and
praatiain~, hortiaulturSats (C.F'. nherneakoa ]F.F. I6~sbatumYo, I.Ia. iRgoswt~
L.F'. Sisafrenkq,~ grasoralzli and atherfi). Their ~esluable beginnings, howevera
like these of other individual seleotioners xho xorked under the conditfons
 r
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ ~ .
r~
.>
of osarAet'Ru~~ias reoeived so State aappc>rt and remained the priYate
atfait of the originatoru thea~.elvee Yra this reppeat, the selection aotivi.ty-
of S.F. Chert~enko ie oigasifiaast. ~~ing worked eiaae 1902 in os~e o4 'the
northers regi4~ie of the II1Q*airie, '[llegit~ p. 4) he fisishod hie'babia work
9n1~ in the postre+ralutionarq period, and bl''1ti26 developed F8 wint~t l~rc~
.apple varletiers. At the present timelC.~'. Cheknenko'e varietime (pepin
CherbeziYo~ Siaua~ ~stonoilka so~~ and .others) ~~ bees imoorporated
the etanda~+Cl ~ail~ot'haente of me.t~? repuhlioei reg?one and tetr~.totie?.
(1t greet iiapottaaae to Vkraisias i'rait sulfurs are the aie~l~lmowa
+rratltri oT ~.~. gaehohesko, l.Xa, Je~gomet and L. p. Simirenko.
The initial trozk of devmloping new varieties in the C'kri+ise ettar the
Croat Ootobet Sooialiet'Revolution.is connected rrlth the or~sicat~;on in
1921 of the ltiseiro Hapdriaental Station = cne of the first scientitic~
essenrch. institutions tot ttuit sulfurs in the tTla~ainian $$$. A.little
lacer there iirerd aetablished tha 1f7aas~,ss Csiea~tlfio-Rasen=oh ~ti'tstte tot
Fruit sulfate and the 3iilitcpcl ~tperimental Statioi,~ (18E0)t tha Crimeca
Eaperia~ental ~tatioa, the $tnsscYutek Sage (oport~:i puz~t) (192G)y and the
Apart froaa the eyete>n of the ftktain9.an Institute for limit Culture,
selection tror`k is fruit culture ie Qatried as also by the ~i3iitel~'8oten'loal
Carden (Cri~oea~iatta),f the 8otanioal (latdes of the Abadeap of 8oiescoe+
V1crsinian &68 (,Kii=v~l, the 8otanics~l Qatden of the ~ieahin i'adinstitute (lieshit~f
Cheraisov Re?on); llinat~ Agri.oultcra.7. 'institute (~raan, CherYSOAyr megiom)~
Dstoehnensk AgtionlturaY 1'eohpionrn (Zhitotxit R Groihnia) sad others: Suocese
ful work is being done #,y the Tbiohurinite a~petiuaeatera A.11. $hohegliuki
 +:A~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
P.T. E-tiliiaaht~}.~ $,E, iLi.eel`~ .and othere
a!e ~w P~eenlt of teeny yeatr~ of worx~ isleatioa+ra have de~sleBed about 46p
aeN fo~oie lit of wrhioh bare been wcoipted ae t~ex va;letiee for the rahag,iitsd
aeeortmrat of the Uk~.lalan 8SI2 alone: The f~ybz3.d ntoek created rrithia the
eystea~ of Yd~e Okrrr~.inian iaetitute for quit Culture,, ausdberia~ T~,~~S7 fruit
pla1~laeb 7's~88 plAbtdt et bomb fruit, wad 16,,'E~d plwate Qt the etra,~tierr~.p le
Ter3* t~alaab'le in the derelop~ent of ndiw, high-ode waristies (tables 7;; 2;
aad 8)
Table '~,:
Humbsr of uen fruit and berry pleat ?arietiee aeeepted for the
regionalised weeoztn~ent of the IIl~ainian SSE
~.~, Taetitutionb wad
1[Eahurinite
+~perimoaters
IIl~lalatt Salem:
3Sa~e t. Teuttiytute'tsr
C TMRt oaltare~iii5
t~leevo Lixperiwen~
tal Ststiticai?4iii
Ikelitapoi &xperi{
meatel Station..
Crlmena ?gres~Laen?
tw1 St~tian.??i.
17aaote heel...,.,:
~raeaolstutsk baeei+
Aikite'k Bataniaal.
darflea?.......,.,
8otanioal ~rdea
Aoadi Saleni IIf6R.
8&rig Fa~ieriraestel
fi$la...:..:....
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
..
~n the Ukraine the loading institution in the ephcre of frniL anA berry
;plant aelecticn ie tho U1~raAnian Solentitio-iteatarbh dnrtitntr for Fruit
Cultupa. i'l;otle dipeotly subordia~ete to it ape the ltlarvoj lfslitopol and
Gpimean a~prritsental stations and the Dcncts and I[rasnolcatck bocce. Cgr~.n
p. E~. It ~irebta a1~, experimantal wor]c in fs~tit cultura ea 3t p6rtaine .
to methods. Fiery are wopktd out the bario methodioat ppoblstaa of deaeloping
nrrr varieties evel~ittg 3fibhupin's tsaohing conatrning dipeoted trariabSlity~
Ac a rreult of experiments, the varnaliaation phree is fruit giants
hr.e beam rstab'lirhed by acing the peach and the land cherry act as elan
which het created ne~- poasibilitiea for diractad formation et winter hlirdinssa.
It has been alarifiad that the peach and tha rand dheriy are~capabla of pasting
the rernalltation phase within thr aced i6hioh con#fa all tha raquirad plsstia
enbetanoac, sad that unbar apeoitio exter~aal oond$tions the vernalisation
phaaa pastas axaimpadad.
The peach and sand cheery apt capably of paeeing tha verm~liaatibn phase
ciao at tha tis-e of Bead stratifi~tion. Aa regagdp dc-elopssantal and :i'pnition
characterey giants groan froaa stpatifiad errd ape s].siilsg to eesdliugs obtaittrd
tr~a vernalised ecedf
The sand oherpy can pact the varnalisation phase in the spring at tha
time of wading under riald conditions at a ooaiparativcly high taaperwturss
Plants frasr vernaliaad seed, howoser, profluoe a yield ~.9~-E.7 timss 3wg~r
than that o4 saadlinga obtaiaed frog dry acted. It Beading Ss done in I~.y
when the tae temperatures of early rpping no langer.ocour, than the differenoec
in ppodnctivity grow aocordiagly up to 6.2d titaee.
The marphalagicni ehapaoters which indicate that the ver~liaaticn stage
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25: CIA-R DP80R01426R010300010001-9
' y ~ ihb2e 2.
Ynstftatfone
ami'
I~aanrinte
experi~enCers
Auaber of ae varietfen and antioYpwtsd aweber of trait and tserry
plants undergoing Stats varfetg teets Yn the IIJaainiaa SS&
IIlaanfan Saiea.-Bee.
Institute of bruit
Cultare..... ....,..... 82
iReera 8xpertmentai
Station..... ..... '38
lielitopos B7cperierenta2~
Statioa ..............: ~,,
Criaesa Ezperisilsahin Pedinetitnte.,.: ~,
37rvir $speriatentai
field .....: .........: 1
Habsnkoy 4.1i............ l
Shaltegliuk? A.A.....- ..
]faliuahgyi~ P'.T..:.....:
)Condratenko...........??
Cheraiavekil ............ ..._
0
see.
a~ s
2a F 10
~~
w~
1:i
46 -~
i4
 ~y>
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25: CIA-R DP80R01426R010300010001-9
has not bees oomplsti4 ire rosette clusters ~rosetoahaoat~~, poor growth of
the oen'tra.l ahoatt and bushiness:
3n idditioa to the Brat stags, fruit plants lu~~+ ilso other stages of
developisnt which hale sot yet been invaatigs.tefl: For iaetinos, onawyear oid
peaoh plants ~crMrs from unatratitied seed begin to develop after the pattern
of vernalised plants when they have overrintarefl is as apes plot] but they
'still ire i whole moattt fats in tor7aifsg flawar buds, as co~parid to plants
frow stratified seed. Thin oan be explained oa7,q by the fast that they apand
part of the vegetative saason;passiag thrau6h subseguant atagss~ [Begin p. 8~,
while the plants from stratified seed are oomplstely readyr to bpr fruit is
the very first year {fig. ~., 2, 'E and f).
Stsgae of davilo~sent are tnadamsntal regularities in the fits of plants:
>?aleas theyr are studied, it is itapasaibli to direst oreatiailq the dsselap~esat
of new varieties. Even though ahariatirs and prepsrties have their own ~pZi'ate)
regnlaritiis, their foramtion, is many raspiats, is dstaradnsd b9 the pbsaic
atatna at the organism: Depending on the paasin.g of Nome phaiss a~ an the
ooaditiona of their passing, the pleat makes different dsaaadr o! eaviratmentaR
oaaditioas, sad forge its asm aharaatsrs vart.ously.
P'tgN+falogioal proaaasas whioh oharaaterise the individual development at
plants aaa aanifest thmnselves also is aeorphalogical charaotsrs: ~'hr sstab].ieh~
meat of a correiativs Telationehip between them presents sDxoh soi,entifia and
praatiasl interest: The moro iooessible morphological indiaatars can bs aoa-
trai'lid mars easily during the deialop~esnt of seedlings whioh are unfler the
intlueaoe of divorce oultural coalitions, and during the prapigation of maw
varieties:
Zt is ohirictaristia of young seedlings of oultivatsl pear wristieN to
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Caltura anfl :ita mzporiauntsl atebS.ons aad basoa in "195b
I
~ PruiG Cra
8nrh :frui.Em
App2r
;Pee_Sr '
Pin
Cbarrye '
AprS?
'~be41J ~
'7Qts1 '
r~1p-,
Cure
r
Total
Sxrsar-
~i~uxuus
aot ',
t '
gavxf+~
berm,
xau;E
berry
berry
aerRSU,s
i
en8
i
Ceragua
?
.
atxiua
- -
UferRfnfma Ixutituta
-
- -
1
a8 Fruft Cn2tars:
8,880,
8,82D
IDl??
2,6~!
377
~0
2$.,155
257
8bb
228
3,{3t1'
11,fi8D
9.,4,s8f}
2~982
I,~&2,
~~E92
,. '~
~
Z0,~.20
'920
8,bb8
fi10
6,,188
,
i
2,,$t)0
tp2
2,2
2800
"Z,sBQO
~ 1
21,50
200 ~
~
+E~(3U
$DO '
2,50D
5,,80
+6;050
5
~
a
48
7,935
~
~
_
~.
2,000
Donate 8aso.........
6~,0
2,0
5,00
^550
A,a500
26D
235
~
45
300
'750,
'~~,000
'ZraaswkuteY Bexa.,,
b,6i7
0
~ '
-+
,~
-
~
i
6,,81_
-
~
-
-
,?
?oix'I.,..
~
88,,9
16 '
?
6x19
x?386
197
~,e
226
~,,~
72e297
2,$77 ''
~r9 _ _
'2828
7,968 ',
1
"18,'234
 .?_
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
transform some twigs itrto thorns. This oharaetoristio is one df the ato~ihor
lo6loal iadiaatars bt the frerhaess of seedlia6 tierce ind ai' the nenoastration
drgYre of an3turw7. aharaoters.
'The period of improvsnent oP vegetative org+ni of` seedlings #rom the xilfl
type to the auitural fora depends on indi~ridual oharaatsristiae rr well as an
oonditionr of developrsrnt. Pane aonditioas of antrition inhibit ehunge i,fi
morphologioai chae~wci~ers intrinrie iti young srediings:
Twigs on the rams plant ~aq find themselves under diffrreat n+ttritional
conditioner as ~a result of rfhiah there emerge di!lerstit properties awn ize
tisrsrr of the raaar agv.
The seed of fruit plants are not perfect at the moment the fruit trrni~
Fi~ipel rase of them ger~ei.nate poorly (apple tree), others produce exter~i~
normal soedliags+ but of vary loR wiatrr hardiness (psaeh) (Hegira p. ?~. !o
enable deed to acquire the properties iaharant 5.n their ~oaturef certain changer
must ooaur within them to complete their deTelopeeent; A studq a8 those ohan1Ses
and of the conditions regained for their baoureaae will slake it possible to
guide this process !.n the desired direction.
~ertigatioas aonduoted hsvs aha+ra 'Shat a eerias of struoturrel trans-
forrwtions (formatiaa of proaa~fug, sesaelr) xhioh deterrdne subssqueat norms],
plant de+relopment eocur within the embrpo of as apple see$ faring ita,~a.
seeding preparation:
Fi;. 1. Pseoh tree from stratified seed in the third year oP its life.
Produced as oversee of 2Ul fruits per plant.
Results of ezperizceats have denoastratei4 also that during this period
the ooaditions of s~br9o dsvelop~pnt asset a strong iafluenoe upon the forms
flora of r~lnbsr hardiness is seedlings. Thuss g0:~9i of the saadlin~gs of the
 ~~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Rsnat 8imirenko apple graven from sled which hsd ranained within the Fruit .
untiS the end of Asaasiber anti afterward had bean left dry, had grsrwintcereil;
while sead~ii~s obtained frola seed that had reieainad within trait up to the
tuna of asedina had o~ss9iintarad only Q. [l9i.
#o dsTaiOp minter hardy ~arietiss of santhera pla,tts, T. `~. 1liohurin.
raoonsernded that their seed ba p'lanted Liter in the season sa se to enable
them to spraut when it ie already warn {lifohnrin, 18Ep).
i'. b. ~senYo ea#bllahed in his worldri {1952) that the tor~oation of
#agistanaa bra the rigors at alintar it- annual plants is a ras~lt of their
assimilaEion at wutu>Pesin p. p1 aognits a hi~ar ds~rae of winter hardiness as oobpared with
plants freed sand that 'had pa;e?d the wrirz-sliiation phase prior to tsadin6.
i-ig. '2. reach trots unrtratitisd seed in the third year of its life
After averwintsrina at the age of one year it beg+cn to dsfelop attar
the pattern of asrnddlised plants, bnt it was a ~aonth late in the Sams:
Lion of tlow?r bode. S'he lag in flarelopnsnt eon, obKoualy~,, be s~
plainsd by the taut that part of the tagetati~e period passed while
the platt$ was Going throagh otlurr phases. It produced sn arsraga at
tiie grafts per giant.
lig. 5. Fsaoh trom stratified seed in the fourth yssr of its litss
FiS. 4. 'leach from unstratitiad iced is the tourth fear of lies. ~
to fleg~es of flowarin$, it no lcnser flirter, iron the plants obtained
Pram stratified seed.
 8ossrer, a hi~ar dap~ao of sinter hardiaass is not detsrsissd by ttyt
ptasio et-tue ?iens? Ib it sorely . ltiotor rsgairsd to araate a sertain
oapaeiby et the or~psaisn to asslmiLte eafixraai oomditiona. Umrx'palisaQ
pleats haw . bathos niiy to assirilabs sa-ironrenW. oonditiaas assd
to ehanye aoeardin;],y. p}aeewr, shother thoao oenditioaa sill prasob ar
Land ba de0rsass xlntar hardinaas depaada on their rrturo, and roealts
ebtaiasd is the saw pLasia atatns say ssry. 1'oaF inateap, in experissats
in au~ter plantS.a; of patelrsa it rae Hated that aawroalisad seodlSnp
pwsesred hi~ar winter ~rardiwsi ii tho tall sas dry and eold. Atria; ?
rare aad hrsid tail sith a lame feaster of onrurt dsyo, plwla tlat# prw?
pared ware. on the oontrary, is~ured wora? than ?axaliso6 saadiinp.
therefore bba sxperisanta alari!'y Halt only the phasic status is +rlsSeh
the pleat ie bstber ebla to tarp! him slater sesistax>ya, but also tho
oonditior3pt !teased to erects this property.
sreadin; aofr wyietfea 11n a abetter epaoe f1t Lira i? one et t1M >t0et
irportanb tpuke o! aelaotieaers.
~sorditt; to dale et the tpeno ~xporisentai d+~tion Daly 46~f o! hybris
apple eoedlie-;s be~i.n to bear fr.it in the sOth yarr of their iiee. the
mybrl,Q aaafliinp of pears start beetle; twit atsfs later. it tlu present
ti~ae racy iawstiptors 1-un lesoffrtrates that the oaue? et #neh lab ttwtltion
is eat the Haters et the trnib pleat, but the sotJeed uses is eeleabion wrk.
phasic aptitnda !or beetle; fruit is aagnired by !lull pUats ~
earlp. It ie taown that bybria aestlinp of pears asd sherries tart fldl~
bade ab bha ap at tas. bbs seedliasa of applaa and aysioobs at tho ap of
esyp. Cpt tho stransth et thld, own a slut ipprawssab in the wathad of
yrosifs; hybrid pleats ha,abas the fire at tsvib~bearin;F Tor enepla, is
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
graving apple seedlSnds with tine tranepiantation instead of 'Ewa, praatiae~l
by the aotsventiaaal aaethad, satiny plants be=an to bear fruit in the fourth
year: [>3eEin p. 10~. f! peach is grafted with gerrsinatiag seed it begtne
to bear fruit abundantly an tha third year of lilt, yet.~sen gram oa Sts
own teats without being tranrplanted .~ an the laurth,ysar, and upon txans~
piantattan = an the ltfth to sixth year.
In 19Fia, the ~eleatian Dsprrtment al the Institute initiated tits ex#suirs
expsrSmsnt its growing't~}rbrid apple sesdlinss Sn a psrernent plane without
tratseplantation, and with Etas rubaegnent u=s of a direating (nartavaahno~5o
sasntar in the fora o! the old earlSr lruiirbes.ring varieties.
Qanourrantly with the further devalopseetst o! the eeleetion saettkod tdae
lstetitate is aanduatin; praatioal bresdin6 oi' apple, pear, psaahr apricot
dead etraw'tierxyt varieties for tha distriate al Ptitseie ~'orset arar~ and
eastssn xesastep* (Torest g#ppi~. Its the part there hed Bien oraatad 11$
new farces of fruit and 'harry plan#, ~4 0! which ha-s bern addrd to the
gegios>ASlised aesarbsant as new v~rtetiesl the rest are undergoing dtate and
ieadartrial #s# (see tibles 1 and 2).
The irore salaabli varieties art:
tha Ltev47saia ratantaia.2 etrat~berryj it s-lpsns 6-7 days srsrlisr thwt~
the a5.d tarietiasa, t~pening the sonxskstlgg season far fresh Trait and bsrziiasi
the xarallafaia-'33 and ~rallabais~?100 atr+swlterriee j thr berrisa o!
Lhasa varieties are 2-Zf fixes larger Lhasa Chase o! the older, xara widely
dietrfbuted Taxwita, variaty, alld thsr produas a higher yieldi
the pMahss Kievezisi ra~ti and Xtevskii-17e8y these passsee a aansid~
erab7y higTssr winter hardiness tie oasipared +iith the aid varietier# they
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Burrrive ~Q` iroet~ii aad prodaee a Sovd yield.
'The V~sevo )~per3asental 19tation ie the oldest eaperireatrl iti>ititution
vt fruit vulture in the Ukraine. It en~ays m11 diraread renown 2'ar beyond
the borders of the rePubliv. 3'he stx~tion+s lmreery relerser geariyr a 1~as
quantity of hi.~h-~sde ylentia~ riwtsrtrl of d3nraa wwristier. lbst ai the
?ariety=testia~ and poaoio~Eoai vrvhard~ are stopped of th aaplitrp ~iertx at
the a#tion. It has the vary best oolleetion at trait plants+ 8ne of the
tirst.~oUss apple varieties of the world arsor~ent, 'genet 8ixirsa]ro,~ vase
trail ~1O.eevO.
3eleationers vt the l(iievo 8trtion are busy brsedit>d net vrrietiss of
applses pearsi the oherrise PruLmri_ e-raeas and ~iCeraeue_ av3utiy pl,un~, aurranti,
goorebirries and rrspberries for the distriots at weetxrn ie,riost~p+. 3'hey
htive devilvpsd 10`l new toms of trait acid burry Plantse ED e! whivh hava been
a?dde$ to the re~ionallsed aesormlent {see tables 1 and t~.
she score rsluabla winter apple varietiss rte: itleew3as.la krasaititsa,
)Soyo~odnei; Lesostepnoe, 'Libnse, Rinet >cobskoe
740 variety gave a gield aurpaseiag the standard ltharTkovskoe 436 bq
b.01 c/ha in a prodnetioa teat {on as eras of 1 hs)e
4'he gnalitq of grain of the 740 varietq ooapared to varieties
367 and 436 3s given in table 1:
. 4'ABI,= 1 .
CFi39i1pAL COKP09I2108 Oq MYL7,1i;;[' {ACCOFtDI$0 'TO YARIZ'L'IBS)
-- -
~ of protein
- _
_ -- --
' ~ of Pat
YABIIE'!'I88
' .
?ier-
?ier-
1949
1849
1960
e 3
~
$
'
1947'
1949
1960
~e~8
- _
a
s _
,_
sera
- -
Veselopodoltsn-
skoe 367
18.7
14.4
-14.;t,
16.$
6.3
3.0
4.7
4:7
$har ~1Cavslroe 436
18.5 ~
15.9
-?'10:~?~ ~
14.9 '~
&.4
2:8 ~
~ 4.8
4.9
>~arTkovskoe 740
-
15.8
- --
15.3
- '
30.0
13.7
6.5
3.4
5.0
6.0
(Begin page 92) --
A first piaoe is the aonteata aP pratoin beloaga to ?arietq
Veaolopodolianskoe 367;.aad in the oonteats of fat the first plane goes
to SharTkarakoe 940.
Ai29}_pf_solection. The Station aimed to develop varieties
new varieties gnat possess high qualities -large ei:e of grain, this
pallid ea, panicle mnet retain xeli the ripe eeefls, east have non-brittle
panicles and a straw resistant to lodging.
In view of a large diversity of varieties of millet aceordit~g to
 ' Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
,~`rana..A - 71~
(Tn :erii)
aolare to Coa~ng ttualitlae of th4 Seernal ?ntl to tatuteie ~!uriE~ 'thn prooe6s
of emleat$an Kork Contidtexattten ve+tt eelao taRt!n oi'S the paraorttn~t centet-t
tat prataTax ernd ~~ iwt Trt ~.1]et; tktm speed of $tti aeok$tebx color of the
t;eT'ne3; rolttrAe> ohtalned ertcet+ coo~cPo.t tot~tir~ ~,nal$t$et} bx the cooY,ed proAact.
1#ethcdte exi' anrlc. >rax a Usse$o er?t7:od at ,ttele>attoa the i'a124xTnd
tote edapteilt
~) imdirlehtt-l sad ersffitt +a~+lscetian oC ep;eeplee of $nitieal rctetssial
Sro~ reraianalia4Q xrxriet$ee, .~aQ ufiilis8t$att of aetw~Rl ~lbrida of millets:
b) ,iantra~riatsl, kyyhr${4ir~atiaa ~+ith a free elerati~e golla~atiotit
b~ stems of plcetetintg proetyectire vectieti+~e! of millet ita alternate rexa
ar$th regTotscl$z~alL ~rietiett.
t`ritt ttil_~pe,-~,ad,flt tbn aort~,t~t?~tzt of_se1lLe,t, xt irs Ct'-ete~s'g
to divide the ved+ett-tivs~ Trer$oei in tto pate fror~ acstrcllinfC tc attiole
fortsntfane and lro~ pKnialer ?orc~ttticn to r$Tte~.rtg. '~ nec2aQ part of
'the rasntmtf~?s period is 'the taoet artiriale as fro+s the tt+ament of the
tor~t$oxt of p~$:alem alti+ost ifitYisltaaeottaly kogine 'the '~lbetatn~ ?+nd fine
tortection ai ~?a+f.ntt, !e Here, is yates~iclee. 'khider acnditiatte ct the: 1:har'-
ito~r ti:tatlan the Pe?Ta1b far~tiea. in ro?t varietiere, protseeEe dnr$r.R ttte
second decode tef Jn1~: l'kxe tkii4t co~sa$tfer thg rain, shish ins 9'~lling
beT'are or dtts'in~ the period of i`ereetieta of pffiaiala~, sec as 4eoiflisetg,4~otor
S,a a~lAataa~ thR a$ol.Q, of titlllefi. ~? eit~ i~biei ~ to ahou' the chart*etar
of fnf"T,aeaar cT' ~eteorola~iael condit$s>n,a ~n thn deralo,~naat of eillett
Ter taro lace #ira geerrg,
~- ~~^-
:, t
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ y ~ Y
F1l3~,i1}"~'GR irk' 2I3`.t t1~3S,CGICA~ ?~"nI2'~`:l~S ~': '.~i3 TI1S.'0 OF ~IL1:x':,
O1~SX RHI~l:?1CQ?I~1iQY 4?a
Tis18,
('in afbs3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 : CIA_-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9 w.~ fii~6
- ~~io #nl,l)
~4 '~. tteSrrsakA
{ti~adin pate 9~
R'it3A aft +. r 1Mris3agr~sz-C Ot r~i33et dtnFitt~ s. P.r~' ~ars~ad
Jane fir, 19~G. 1 ~
~~
w .'ferele,~sat b! pil3et attar en fnRb~tttt?t rai~nta.3b.
.~
//
In ~ sxd Jena of 34411, thara w-,s c+nl.;t 3015 ~ of sniafa33,
t
xars in get sdbr~Paa3r, stags, #ri thr lAr~ at swy~11 ti~berc3w teret vary hS6tt an thn rtntlasb
ell the yetare r
A laxerimg t the ylield $a 1st49 aa~md an aaeoeuet at ea ,paxtfe+l
d,esr.6e to the otaxf.~n. ny ~1eut liese. $n 193D Chet yierl8 of ea$11et, e.4ter
:?n aSte+1. ex crop. ~aa '~C4-4tb o/tuk.
,~;ait$+r1~,~e-tr~rial. 'dhei ~~te.tlan '3tsd let al.1 xorkfd thrattdh ebaut
(Qantrnl A
tenk~ovrt rt'
~$1Lnt Croat tha T.f~r~$era ant! 8ron aCttmr ~i?,ad re~nb$4ae
t. arsnarxctroealnr~ anal XtQee~h S$Xi~ ~ ate aeo11 etR eaKp3,es o!
_ ~ ~~i~sreltle' pt S'orw atn~. a# et:alo~laesl 9ype: xapPaetetata x c6ria3,6.esratla
Snter9efi taE tlse taleatl vn xork.
/; I
~~ t ,l:
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ '
(ry)
Trans. A - 91'
_~ ~
(in tali)
Ba: 9. 1[aku' enko
Chsraoteristioa, according to varieties, are flucttsatina in
-ery xicla 'limits; thnie tlnctnettioae ware fros~ 4b to 110 days oa the
ien~3th of the vageLativs ps~4od; on the height of plants from '35 to 172
o~; on Lha yie'ld' of grain from a plot(4 sq. u.j trap lb ~ to '1.2b Bn; olet
abcoluts weight of grain troy '5.2 to 12.6 g. The beat amtaria7. in the
yia18 of grain was tasted in the control nursery and in n greliaiaary
variety teat. '(Eagi.a Date 98)
Baaidea the variety,Khar'~kovakne 7'40, the to7.3awing varieties
are of interest in economically valuable characteristicei 23tD7, 23341
$&96; ~JO.
The three firxL vesieLia$ ara of hybrifl crigin~ whose parenta3
forme are described fn 'the reaction "ifatnral Rybriflm." Data of yields
and. quality of grain of above=oitad varieties sirs given in tibia 3.
itseulte of variety testa of ~i.llata have shown that all, the
potential varieties, large=grained, with this pellicles, have *ssupairrricl ,
in the yielfl of ,grain, tAe standard Yhmr~kovekae in 3949 by i8 - 26~.
Oa tale average for 2 ymara trove 4 to 13?.
~sparience of work in recent years allows to make a caaoln+aioa
y
that a method of in3lvidual aalection and of repeated mass eelec~ion is
not enough .for obtaining new varieties with high Melds. ifs Head a
method of hybridisation with a free pol.linmtion, as wall as utilised Lha
natural hybrids.
Artifiaiai_hx'britiiemtion. `the economic charactari.stics of
parental forts are very important for Lhs nee of artifioiml hytxidisation
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
F~ 4~3
firr~nts. A - ~i16
ise aaxa#!!on ~a?r~. I.1.~a thseS~^ 4io5e~le+?1 pleaiinrft~ea.~ t#iRl'1~
tAo a?S.aoidenaa #.~' ~~icta t#rsaGS~~ ~nQ a!' 'the h~nas?].sa~ a: ~,~ikR?.
~S,~terea#ea 4i1 'thd ler~txs of thR Y?~tet3.ve ~7~S4t! of a~13nt e~r~Ft~a~p
gso r~rp sr?ot. ~hme, 'fie ~ri~ ~t~s~s~E3 'ae-l4es,oe '(Ysa~o3or~lo}
t~:arler~ aoi~~f.ti~+ae rst Klter~3tavtY~aafr- ~5tst~s=i fr4~sa '~h 46 ~1-p. ~n~,el,~
~'#r~tlon ~Q 't~~.6h~#~eg o??>~r far ttar~ ~3a ?bTYa soat9i at' ~ta~. aa~t thti
1ea~th of Dlnea~ xe '~ ~~~= ttse Ratr-7.p~~i~oa4nX (1~r iA~ERfgl R~~lar)
Marc aot +~Ble t# ~al.ash !!:+ ~aaa#CIa ~`o~~'tA#~x 'hsfoxe thf bo~3~4n~ aS tf~st
a~tas~ frpst~s. ~h~ tr~~e~ R~li tba a~ida 'ens can ss~~ thrat ane
of :the ,parents ~F the. sr.~fia.ixeR variatg 1"oQ4lianekoe 2e/273, rrhi'ch
sa oh+u~actetiae~ by ~s bgnaahi* pax,frsle with ~ antfror,;~an cadarin$t it
srtaa gram tar asrnr~ii ~e+u's b~ the Stati~an. ?Phe lath ox the panicle
of this variety ie 8B - S~3 oaf the oalor ob thn grain ie ~+tilata, ttbsalnta
vei~ht is 8 - 68 g; tors u!` th~3 ~ai~ Sa elangat~a, a~alz rreriaty ~a
doar+ee pcllialea~ h++Sght of the pisilt is '~~ - 9d amg tie~etativa pazia~
fFaae 3or '~ - ~ fl~AC the atra~r !,s Sfne, of gaad tod~ter q>aalitY.
~'he ~b'ove oitaQ leatvxas at cr..riety ~oaolian>it~aa :34/273 wexe
~annd in l;ralGar~tac of ~iatur~J, h~ri6c inn var~as~ts eaebida.tSoas alth
c2urxacLerietias of tho ~+sterAal ~earict7r, c~ich~ as Hated erirlier, was Lho
r3u+r~kovtkoe 4?$ vasristpE hsvir~ a C4rrgaat paesicle, ,~ - 25 ae in 1err~ttl:
lt~a ,gain is inr~a, raund, 'hs.e this pal`14cla~s..is ox area calar (absols~ata
t-Zight of lOiN~ ~rc,ins iaa 7.G - $.2 g). fSVtmst of ail'lot ~rtair~e is FecQ-
- '&6~. ~ha bni~ht of gbantn its ~#~ - 95 ce. figs to vatatine psriad
it ie a~ifl8la lataAg sipQaing (88 to 20 ~~}. ~trax 3s aot brittle.
imniala retains t'hm ripe grain vor~ aroll. (13enin 1~aG" S38)
In raatorsl. h7brifFs tht~ 4aatceraa of bath of thew auaiati,as sere
espsaiall~ cleer~y e:~z`es~~ed to ip9~ in 'the pragenv at' oae launiole of I~ybrid
origin; whiete xRa eakate3 ira '1 '?ran the plantir>e at 1Therlko~~oe ~.?ts ~'feLy.
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..
 ~X~$s A. ~ 7A.6
'~~in fti~~~
Sy't t. FlalrNreAlrA
At chi a, the prepaAliereaarr o8 tat~taroa of v~aricty 29/'93. a rrari'~rit'~,~;~t-,~.
04 fitiibf].i~vaa+ ~~e sated ifl the pragaay of the gald~ce, eagaciee311 in
the ahspe Rai'. ca~.arag at the p=uticle. . d,....
,Xp 394Fi, traR the eea:+nd ~~ieaatio~ ?! the yeaf aia at the tppe
24/273 /wbtiiRrn~, 4b hightp psadtzoci~e ptente mere 14~A.~RtaAiEY'ofa among
$1xeR ?4 pD.afiCa ait~ etn Aureum pemicle, at a tgp~o ~hRr~ha~reteae 45G, vich
Rn Rr-chncTa~A aaleri~ aa8. vl.chmut Ra6hc~an, +and 63 plaatx Mich a braachy
pR7l'S.C11S Ot R 'Fi`J~IQ "4j~7'~3 ~aDt13RV~o Vick 1tAthCla7xD RA!~ xithOAt.
Awon,; h~trriflA, et'nt fih wore malaetnd far the gl~aatinq is i.$47 A!I
calk nowt jpP?dnatie? anL~Po, preQov~~ to obtain an oil~+sariag plant wilh an unstsbie heredity andi
eonsequently, one whieh is more reeponsire to the #orerproducinq iatluenoe oY
the outer enriromnent, the selection institutieos of DSSR bare begun to utilise
mots orosrbriedirrlg ever so ssuoh rider; for instance, oultiwated rarietiea
 =~~
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of suatlor~rera rith a ons-year ~rii,d warirt~ of runttor-~r 8udsraalii, as rn1~: as
with pirinniai 9ariitiss of this p`tant {8. tubsrosua. !f. ;ri~idus, ~._ Eerin'~ofni..
sad ethirs)~ 3~lleanti. fberiea vrith Satiiraatit "ps1'#ata"f dart blai reustard
jrf.th Cs~riliaa. is suoh a wyr wire oLt*inid, for instapoe~ saaflowir hfbriQr,.
khioh are resisbat to rust sad bloaaYapij also a t?il.ir wariity of tA~liisaatia,
*hioh oaa bs harrestid ~iohanioa2ly.
?hi ro3a of ooaditfons of thi outer i~riironxent in the toreatton et psou~
liarit'iii is post bodies it iipidSal]~q iliar],q rseialed is the Rorke on wiai?
tatiwi ~tridisation.
lfweirous data spick of the fast that in suntla+-irs, ai in other eropi under
the i~'lusaoi of oni of the brattsd eorponsnts, er3.sei a hiriditar,~ waria'btltty
of the other oootponsat in raa~. of isipostus~t charaoteriitios and attr~ut?s. tt
!i istablishid, that u a result 6t we~+txtiwe hgbridisation of unfltorer tariitiis,
ahioh differ in risiibnei to browraps, iox^i~elations bitRiin the gilant+.host aa~d
the parasib ihanai ibarply to the seed ~enirations. It hai Lien prmrid also,
that Rith the aid of wiiitatiie hybridisation it is p~reibli to ridulati the '
duration of wi6statifii periods of snntlowiri.
fioabkata >~pirieeent?Siliotioa gtatioa for Oilbearin6 Crops teaether with
a braooh of gifi?tiis and si'liotion of the ~iologioal Snstitnti et the 8oiboir
8tati Unirrsrsity hale oondaotid iscpsriuiats, in Rhioh the ~atti~ aorponents
wires On one hand, sari iarlq-repining and shorter in hsiaht warietiie of ion.
tliiir ist ponikoi selsotion?a8i,E8, 8tepatak and.t.?489, aa~ oa the 6thsr hind,
raori late=ripesi~.a~ anti tatd.tr ~arietf.a~1 of ~iain6daraYi eataotien?d~0 V1it1~
sad 1818 ~SI1~, to these bits they oondactid the itrafaht and the oa:ntsry
grattiagi, rrhiriuporn is all ~>siria p. B2) oases the soioa arse trained at the
ispinsi of the asi~f.latinj apparatus and tht root systar of the hook. ~,1,-Ft~, 1)
 #itla of lit. 1~-9eptatiw lgbrid of a suatlo+~+r~ solois et onr w~Yisi~l,
wa trained at the ezyenae of the aseiailatinS apparatus
and o! the root aystae cd the ateolr, whieh was et aaetlser
tiarietyf
? ohanp is the leeuth et the w~btiw period of the auntYowtr, ender the iafln-
ease et the etoak, is gttiia elearlJ notiaad no?Y early in t8a firstrthS7ed uad
;ineratioaaa of wpbtiw hybrids, bnt alas in tl? tonrth ~(bble i).
?able ~f.
Intlwnee of wpbtiw tgrbridLastioa e! annilo~-rr an the sheep of len8#-
o! wp4atiw period sad o! tba heisht a! plaa#e in the tonrth seed temeration.
dab 0! Dens~raia Experiawnt?~talMtioa Station t~ Oil~aarioa Plsufi s,nd
et the Slols~l Iastitnb of 2eabet State maiw~rei~, 1910,
ty. ,tie e
VlIYIr, eentroi......
107
Ltl
-~pbtiw hpbsid. , . f ..
100
xaf
Tara.....ff..{iflff..ii
10i
~~
0ri=iaal, tiartei0' ddSL,
eentrol.ff...,..~~.{.
het tlr data of the table it lollowa, that under the aotien of a twnra
ear]~ripinla8 and a ahorMrria-hdi~st afoot the horediiar et a e~aratiw7y
Iata~ripettin8 amt t-il 7ariaty et annflewr, rhieh ?erred sa a adios? has ehat~adt
the len~lt et the wpbtiw peried diaiaiahed end the height el the ate
deerwed. seder the latlaenea of ylaatie nababsmee of the e-are lateripenin8
 r R
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
and troller stock these indiaAtors sikperinrtnt~5titation Station for oii~eariag Grops inor~tes
continuously,, ott the bam bas U, the .process of stall gro~-l.ng rvorY, the oil
l:ontent of vari6tiaa pr~lausly brad by it and rbgionalissd +iar3,etiss bt aun~
flowers ~hdanovskii s$Bl and 6tspniaY, mhiah la wean try data at table 7.
 ~. ,.
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?able 7
tnoreaae in oil content of sunflower varieties 8281 and Stepniak as a result cf
istpravement bq DonsTo4fa psperlnent~?e'Isotlon dta~tion f~ 01t?bearir~ plants.
(date of oonpstitive tart on the experimental base of ~3IYi1~ in >rraeno$aYj
- __
0 oil in able me seeds
E6a6~ 36.87 E7:27~ 38.49 E9.ff4
41.0
41.E
3'he oil ooateat o! the variet~* Saratovekii 169, a'hioh is eprsad in xAn~q
eastern regl6ne of the oonntrp, was oonsiderably innrsased byr the Ynstitute of
ty
Agrioalturi o! South-$aet CSB~t, (Haain p, ~S6)
?ltle of fia. 2 Snntlower head oT Uonekoi 896 var'isty.
Side by side with the improvesrbnt of the previously obtained verietiee, 1n
~reoent years, by Weans of direstsd lntervarlety free pollfnatian and of seleotlon,
now varietl,ea mere bred which are hibh?praiinoti~e and of high oil content. Ytt
pre?revolatian timer the oil oontent of ooltivated sunflower varieties did not
exoeed 32-;f9}i, and the faotaxg outprat of ail. 'ra- rseds??19~1pi. 'i'he Pirat
selection varieties of sunflowers >Char'Yovakaia #elewa 78, Yoroneshal~ia
lnk9lntF 'E, Staratcvsld,l 189, varieties g'rugli-k and others did not df.fter ~aoh
in their oil eoatent Trom lcoal varieties, rrhioh served ae nitia'1 r~atsrial for
~selectlon. in 1927, seleetion statloa ")eragliY* bred a variety Xrnglit A~41
~1th an oil content of 36Ji, #'hir was the beginning Tor the e.leotion of snn-
flowere on high oil oontent i;n the seeds.
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 Ganln6 upon ~i.ahurin*r doatrint, tht sr3ration Snrti~Ma. of 3i68~t. hart
brad rnth hi6h (si3 eontrnt ?ariatlts, that torsar ldMd abort 011 aantrht of
snntloirtrs wart tss~ltttly ohanpd. ~tarittits lSSlE 'v6I~, b6[4 PXYII~,
Yoronarhskaia CbtrmiaNo- ll, bbpni~ {=?i~), barata~d,i i0 aad siar~ othtrs
aeturutatt, rfith praprr tonditiont of broth, an atirattd ~ of oil im
absrlubriq dry rtrdt. 1'n tht aalltatioo of eiA lrat l he thtjr rurparr old
rsriatiat by IOWZgt aad rsrn surrt. Sht oitrd na* rarfttitr doonp~ tht b.sio
rrtu of sunflowtr so~-iap in tht ~Caneasus, is [~winian bbR, in iiolda~riam 88$,
im the Yard, alonb tht 'Itlba, and in s-~ rtbians et tht atntral sons ~ ItbbSYt.
Orint to t9ir inerart in oli oontrnt of tht priwiaurY' brad rariatirt, to
tht trtatirn of mra rarittiu with hlbh oll oomttnt and thtir iatrbdurtioa into
production, thr ~itld of eil !'roc onr unit of plantint and its output at rtpro-
arioinp of tttds om taotorirr hart oonsidtrabYS 4teortasW. Shun, om ap-x~
taatozirs tt t3la~raashira~rYo {I~in Jdsiniiltration for Startablt OYYr,I tht
ontpnt of oil trta auatlowar rrrds in 19bY aqualld b~El1~, w'hrrrar durigs
the prwrar piriad it oonsirtad of onY~ t~ (9.b. i~nstotioit, l0lK).
boost srlaatioatrt ~odarrd an ?aY'iatits of runllaRtrr: i~bl P11IIid[,
~rrl,tskii ElQ7, ialanlea ltidalrwkaia E63, in whioh oil oonbmt rraohtt nP
to ~b-~r~t. nnfl.r ~+..ar~ir aona~tiom.: ar~inns~ with ~,gsa t~~.r ..rsatis~
1Rtra rabiohKYitad and at prtstmt ari brim introdna.d into prodnttion.
brdidtt thin, mta, prssdtin~ ?ari~tias of aumtlartrr Rtrs dbtaioad~+
b~6 ~Ii'Ibt, -zratYrr~ii 9ii43, 89if! SIFTYlGC~ boiyfkai b06 {lib. g], Domtkpi
fE64E and othrrr. lhrq art oharsattristd by KtY, ripimtrs, hi6h yielding
~pieitr amd oil oenta$t, rich a hibh rtsirttmot to broawrapr, and art adaptrd
to su-ehanistd harr.rtin;. borte to ~alag rt~11 s-ata partsrtsd ~afrtatii~, whieh ~'$1 la~.lp a~nrar
ail th, ritisd lraciuirawatlt at i gtar.t wehapis*q aosiilistip a~lcul atld
~.lA~lt1~~~
'!ht ptptar 1*ls~ ~tk of '~ pnt bstara tha aalsst~,sr~ irrt~tutlrs~t
a problart td dsrrripp asyi inttfatttaa ~n4o pt~sdaotioa ttrt rati~i+pi of ~1~~~bairiei~
rpl,+inb whisk ate him 'ia ~u lt0~itanl~j i~atfil;+ssti~, +ard ris3a6-at to ditaatr.
3n oz~dir to tnesessftzl~ aahlamr thin iin ~.t ifi hassrsary to ~tliaa 1El~slasriiia
tsinhiags ao:u'Irwati~aly, ifl~ to atra~ilu~n the bow of ~iai+rntl,[`io~+ra+rsirr.2t
 ~~
anfl ~eieo#i Spst~.fvtfons 'pith. ko~.khc~~nb'v'Ti?aee pi:o3u~stfon
The guest t~nEsFtif'mer bf nature, Ivan ~I,a@f~f~dbnah ~fcluxrny at'd~es . L4~
sen igelt aeie ~acrat tfips~augh2i's 'that ~rY~thng _!t'e - 3.ti ianent~ agd I Fev`
find rdst .in that i~hfds4i roia~ akeated b?for? 'me ox ~ap~t from ms; as ~t2 a~ ~:n.
that xhfo~i ~ ia~elP ~isvd aot~fevAd. rhea S hsvo a oi~tsiti afro fn vfox, 3 Ao ndt
siinsn8oz ener fee . dff`ferent d~reotfanis
~' ~ ,but stol~ezitrat~ on i.b Ate T?~'
poe?, andt hav9,itg eiihfbvsA 9.t; ~ gd i5ir$her fetsm ire to a lids 'eeri~itf[~g ~Taa." ,{~;~
5.611os~rig I:~ ?s~3.ehcera's flfreot#,dt~, Se3cfet del6ot$cners vtf13: uahfAv
aiew stiacb?tled ia~f~;~, $e~eo?p tnorb psirl'eot t}srfotfdffi eni4 'thii~ ddatribute t~ the .
;aettdn oY p2dtsty iii' aga~~,cultural..prc~udts Sda aa~ voanty
Dcnelsaia Experfm?ttte`~:eottoii 3'tiat~,on for t>f1?~eef~;r~ :i$ropii ~.n t8e h~tq .qP
Rb8'Epti'?d1k~Ddna
~:
~4nYy 28,, iS58
 Translation 6=718
(In part)
bn/!t
5okolor; ~.F.
liibridy Yukurnxy.
(Corn hybrids.]
t
,
#fosoaw, Se~:tlrhor~gis,, 1808.
141 p.
s~.z2 Sod ~r~~
(2n 8nrai,an)
Chapter B (p. 10&x318)
I'E0-4CTI(iN GB ~tBRZD COBS 6~ll9 r ~p
~iDrid needs of oosn differ froam eeed9 of ordinary standard ~arietiee by ~~/
ane peculiarity, namely that the period of their utilicatian:ia prcdnotion plant ~~~
~ingr fe 13as9,ted to only ane generntioa, which follows the crossing. 6'urther
reproduction of hybrid +eede is u4snitaiile, as alr6ady in thi eeoond generation
they gins a deoreasa of 15 to ZC~ in yielding oapaisity compared to the first.
Such a peculiarity of #q+brilis naoessitates a yearly growing of hybrid seeda~ this
required of Tcol:Tthoees and eowlrhosea to arrange the isolated tgbridisation plots,
which also are seed plots at the same tins. Takina into consideration Lhe ,great
national aboncre9.o itspo~tanoe of introduction of hybrids into the fields of ko1k-
hoses and eo~ltoeoa, and the role which hybrids';must play in t3so sear ititure in
our agrieu3tural econasay; the Central Coseml,ttee $'~o$ and douacil cf ~inistsrs of
DBSIt i;n 1965 have establirsheet auasuref of enaourageaent, which waxld guarantee
thi growth ot'.raae wader hybrid porno
?he 1[inistry of Agrioultnre of D98R bars established the fallowing order
Cf production of seeds of ~ibrid corns
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1, Heleetion siwtionr and eliteiseed Mowing !'arms produoe slit reedy
of parental forau o! hybrids.
~. Fu~lon seed larmr prdpagab elites of parental forms.
S, $,ghrid deeds of the first generation for produotion plsntingr are
graA-n on isolated plbtr o! tq/hridisation in kolkhosss and io~lthosee.
(Hegira p, 14s)
Some ohanges here iisen introdnosd of late rota the aged growing of hytirid
oarn in aonnsotion with the !'sot that in rgme seotioni and 6b'lattf double lnter~
linear l~brids wore regfonwliaed.
Title o!'~3.g. '14. A soheme for production of ssedi of doubli interlinear
hybrids of oorn. Twgand, reading lrma top to bottostr Lina 2; .Line 3,
fctne !D, Line #.
(1 x 2) reads at ordinsry hybrid (Ex4) ieede of ordinary hybrid.
plant of an ordinary hybrid (7,z2). Plant of an or4lnary* hybrid ($z4).
li~.tsr~.l plant. Paternal plant. 1'raduotion plantings with seeds oT
daub].e grids.
(la~~ x (3z4) fissds of s double t>ybrid Por plantings on fare srsas.
Seleoti.on atationr propagate on irolatsd plots the liner w'hiah take part
in orossing, atld grow on h~ridiGation plots the firsb generation of orBinaYy
iuterlinsar hy`bridi?MSrtsrnal gad paternal forms of interlinear hgbridu.
Sisple i.ntrrrlinaar :~bridr ere propagated on elite tarf~ by ~y oP ordirmrg
rsresding of tesdi of the llrrt generation on isolated plotep s result oP whioh
ie the obtaining of s yield o! the ssoond generation of simple interlinear hybrids.
8aioa seed farm., which by planting the second generation of simple ictter-
linear hybrids obtain a yte'ld of the third generations wh3oh then goes to the
platy o! hy>'bridiaation (Hegira p. 10`!) iato kolkhoses for a yearYy raising o! aeede
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at the first gensri-tioa of doable hybrids.
A sehssa of arpmf.sation o! reed ~roMina for double intsrliossr hybridr
is ~ssentsd in the teilorint fora.
iehsnr of reed rwi tae doubU
interliassr hy'bride o~! Dora.
1 gist for hybridisation in
seder to obtain reeds of a
s3ap1+ interlinear hybrid-
et the aatsrnal fora of a
double inta~liarsr hybrid.
Soein~ et ss+ds et ihs first
dsneration of tbs arieraal
fora of a donbls }prteid.
A ylet for hybsid.?
isatien in order is
obtain sands of ~
staple intsrllewar
hybrid- o! paters!
fora et a donbls in-
tsrlinsar t~p'brid.
SoRind of sNis at
the first dsnsration
of thr paternal lb~x
of a donbls hybrid.
~Plantiag seeds of 'tea
~ ?seond 6sneeation et
the paternal to:+a et
Haisssdd~osy
[Baton seed tars!
irtsrlinsar hybrids, rrsaue-
tion areas planted to seeds o!
the first tarsration of doabU
interiinrar hybrids.
llantind s.sds os the seoont
aswratioa of the aatsrnRl
tom o! daubl+ hybrids.
!lots !or hybridisation in
girder to abbin seeds o! the
first K+mq~ation 1t QanbL-
 The citad aohasa 63ves a descriptive praaantation; showing that seed
growing oP double intsriinear Isybrida in raisa>tr]ehoaae and kaikhosaa is nct scars
o6mplicatsd t~,an the seed gro~ring of intervariety hgDrid= eYd does not Taxi tar
additional eapendituraa. the diffarenae le an3y in the osxaposftion of parantai
forms tar hy6ridiaation. If for abtsining intervariety hybrids in kolkhotas
ordinr~~y* varieties are saris; than far obteininb double interxinsei tiybr7,d+i afar
pie hybrids are saws- ae paternax and see.tirturl forms. the taxi road of wort in
seed growing for double interlinesr }tybrids recta on aeiaotion atstiono a~ on
elite farms. theg isuat aratte and propagate eait~polxiaatse i,Snaa snd obtain,
by means et oroasing the lines; seeds c? sirQple intariinaar hybrids; witioh are
propagated in seed grois6 farces by way of the uamsi rwaseding and, turthsr oS,
enter the plots of I~ridiaation xis ~oi~hotae and sorkhosas. {Sagin p. x061
Growing. of t~98r3.d sea~a an 1p Ota !ar l~+bridiicatf6n in k621daos+s and i~arkhoses.
In order to pravant any bioiagioai aontaeitsation, the hybridisation plots
should be placed at a distance of t8G m from ether corn piRntinbs.
hybrid scads yuxet be gras'n; without tail, on ? high s.grotechnioax batik-
groaed (a Beep aaturin ploughing; double pi~spia,nting euxtivation; introdaation
at tertixiaere~.
it is ,not aii?red to ohapga xaoations for pareatai force, that iaj pinnt
on tgbridi>;ation plate a aiaterna.i foss instead of the paternal.
Seedn of psratrtai torms'aust match their variety dabignation anfl in their
_~lsring properties anssser the~estab2ished oonditione.
Plant
lrhen planning the sawinge it is necessary to praoeed frai tha`basia prob-
iem~=td bbteLn troas anoh unit of spas tote talucin~.sts yield of Kish gtrada hybrid
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nerds. That ie why the number and alternation of roer of maternal and paternal
goer mart be iuoh ar to utilise in the bwt possible way the ],an8 aoreage,~to
guarantee f1z11 pollination of matrrrm~l plants by the p4ilen of the paternal,
form, rationalise all the prooeuer, whioh are oonneotad wti.th hybridisation and
take Dare of the plants on the 'hybridisation plot.
l'he 1Csnirtry of Agriculture of X88, up to 1948, reocazaended ,for gro~ng
hybrid seeds a ~aethod +pi' planting where the ratio at sorts of the ss+ternal fora
and the pater~l waw 2 ~ 1. lfith snob a distribution the rnueber et aatrrnal
roes oo~rised 2f8, std of patertxl ~ of the rrt-o3r asount o! roir.
In 1948] (in wise of a propositiaa bar individual selsationers to situate
the maternal sad psternf-1 plwnte an hg~bridiswtion plots ih alternate goer, that
is in a ratio of 1 e 1) we arranged an etepsrirrnt for a'btaining hybrifl Dorn nerds
of thi hybrid f6iFrpeklz" vrlth differrnt ratios of rows of parental tastes. The first
variant=-E roar of varie+~y Dnspropatrc~rskala al,tert~ttng with one rtrr o! {BegS.st
p. 100) flrnshevrl~ia E!!0 (2 = 1); thr reaond variant?~Dnsprepstrovrla~ia std
(lrnshevskata E8G err planted in alternating roes 11 s l).
l~or the esoond aslant the plot was divided aororr the roan in teo egtul
partx~4 on oar part ail the i-atertn~l plants sere three tires additionrtlq pol-
3inated by the pollen of C~rushevskaia E80 oorn= on the ether part of the pleb
additional pollination was net oonduotrd.
/~a.
The nabs of both Tarianta of the ezperiwnt were harvested and bspt asps'},ely
until planting tame. Zn the spring of 3048 a planting was done on seotiorr8 of
an area of 300 sg. r, with a triply repliaatioa is order to test the obtainwd
hybrid seeds. Bata of yiildr in 194p wre given in table g0.
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Tab'li d.
Goaparatire yle3ding ability of hybrifl swede
of Dorn flepending on arthodd o! groRing.
'Hybrid Vspekh' {lust
. genelatinn). a....i
rtae not applied
was applied
was not applied.
Xiilfl Ot gi"aitE
in 3949
{a/~)
z4.a
24:'T
86.0
As .pen traoa table EOi the diflerenee in ylelfl aidoag individna3 w.r9iats
is in the lisl.ts ot~euataesB o! the test, u~d that is why it oaanot bs hild
trnst'rorthy.
the flaw?3n8 et hy~bridisatioa plots in 2948 {rich ratios of ~eateraal wad
paternal rags o3' 2 s 1 and 1 s l~ flid not alteot the yielding properties of
hybrid Dora seeds in 1949. i'hat is wby, if patertYel plants haw normal anfl cell
deieloped panioies, it will be eoonoaioal7y soand to plant for h3r'bridisation
saterrial plants 'in ratio to paternal ae 2 ~ 1,
Iaetraationr o! ~e Agriaultaral fElnistry o! ?8~ reoo~nd oondaotin6 ttie,
sowing o! maternal and paternal rove o! plants in a ratio 2 w g 'in order to
(!]egin p. 130) pro~ifle matertn~l corn plants oa~hybridiaation plow with sntti?
oient amoant o! pollen lros paternal plants. Suoh a ratio a! ranterssal ati$
paternal cons 9.s ooawnieat also Then aoadaating the rack of rmaor9.ng the panicles
try aaternal plants.
During one paweage it it poswible to resa+~e panicles trrma pl+wte in both
Gonditioas for abtainlag };gbrifl
seeds in 948____
0 of materna enn
rows to ternal ol3idation
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tort, whieh is lapwsiD3a be de tith alber~tins tort.
21b1a rf 11a. lf. waaMl ~riaw of a 4ybridisatSen n1ab.
linos lYtil tl!o ~ainian 8sisntifls-lssNroh las1~?tub. of dr+~ln ~eoaaq
is eemdratia~, u as ospa7tlianb~ n3antlnp with altarnabion of rbsrnal rn~
prbsr~.3 ran. in ~tati0ret ! ~ 1. In ardor bo ioArarra tha s~onnb of pol3rn
trri 1~- D3rnlt+pallinrboa~, darieu bha bhianias wa 3a..a in .Tory Hill bro
plani. e! tha yabarnal Corr and ea7y ono plant of tba rM~bra~nrl. Tho saha~ss at
ylaewaat of platbsy ,than aeon by ? driii oaodar Boos s. tel3err (saa yrp 111).
1-ith suah r rhhod at aowlar t4a ratio of bha nuabar eS aabarsal and 1irw~
plrnta (! ~ a) is xsbriard f tab tlM ylO1d of hftrrid Bobs it har~rrrbad trer< ~!
of tha rra. et bha l~brldisation and nab tree half st ib.
ter yearins hybrid roads t2? oeriaj in 1ee31dtp~q it den. by b.tan p7ambars
or by a ehro~ohlli (rantanaa aenbiesuA sr y.113 roar tha sahrr) ~oiin p. 313)
aohr.r !or reiaa warn en a h~ridisrtiaa
ylobi aaeerdit~ b. a ^stl~od e? C![I3iY%
Ltaaixsra ~rineirss?ur,..rob 1b.bsa:b. as ~+in >roenapr. I
(. ~ latornRl ttu~??oro p3ant ~.ri ?4111
(~ ~) lrb.rnal toter-M1isa ~3a~a yar ht33
dri11 saadas 3ab?N ~d.th a awurie~ +riro, daaXaaad ra that brr tors at yt#art.~l
'y torts ribarnabs ~itb brs tort et rrbornwl tor1M as ib it oham fn tba rahr~r~
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Rhe aca?ptefl eohmmri E'br planting .Darn, ?n .
harbrildf~at~5n ?,ptots ~Saixhaze~t
~ .~ d? +.
ik~m~tea~nat forms, pake9.fsTo? aka ;remov`e$b plmat~ arts plYixtie(ly
~??-pat9'rna~ .~'or"~ penici?e are nat remavdd g].anta aep .~zot gri~~ee~:
>Ri.th thA~s :mothod of as the staking o! a36eels aP parental Forme 8i' Cgxn
iata 'tho driS:Z deader B6h~8lt e3.th a moaonr3ng ~ ~ ma.8a in the ?dltnwSng
~ fi
ptsEeznal rBaterioa9.
Pone Farm
>d
S?ed$ aP the
pater~ia
Seeds of the
maternal
dorm: Sbrra
t3 li
~'he driYl .a eat to thv hare: oP aaavitg soaarA~.ng ta. th? lafgest
~~
parental fatxi ilo~aQ4rig bn tt-e abeaiute ~ei~tat og eaede sr~ the reg4on dP BT'S
i.pg. SawPl.i~ i~+ gofer on the beet dateee anfl 4.nta ~ poll saxesfl eoiS:.
En order to ~:e.ter be able to diat4.nsh 'srtie rams oP mt-tei~gal; farezis Pram
thd, patarrial to the ee?dg of aorn off' the ;pxte~rhe;>r form ie m#asd Vin. a sa~al,$
.. .. - -
senaant (~eg~.Ye ~. '112) 'eaS germimt9t~ :ean$lr ~sede (up to 0.~ tsP ttie agi9:ght
oP aorn). 1~tien,oait~ le thini~a@ the reac~~a~er 'e~*outs r~ri~ ieft An paf.~arna:l, z~awe~
,at ~. El9:staneo 1iP ;~.t~l~ m ,ont+ Prcen the bthAr:
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Oard o! the plalotingM.
Caring for the plantingM on plots for ~owiug of hybrid Made of corn.
antil the f~sent of appearance ?lioaie intloresoenoes, baeioally does not
ditt+r trop the care of ordinary corn plantings. 2n rsrions rheri rco'ke ar~A
gophers hare, tr-e corn sprouts. it ie nesesei-ry to pay attention t? protectian
of plantings Eros these pests.
'thinning should be done during the phase of ~.! lease. Area of feeding
Hader one plant aaxst be inorsased by la-EglL against the aooepted one for prof
duation plantings in the given region. 1'iiQening of the area of feeding guar#
antese obtaining at stable yields daring the years with a ehort-gs of rain sad
innreaMes the yield of seed cobs. Daring the period o! Dare the asedei namber
of interrei+r cultivations must be carried out.
~bridisation.
1~brid seeds of oori- are obtained ae thi resalt o! lecandation of female
flowers of the maternal torn by the pollen of paternal plants, i'his is achieved
by rsaROVaI of all ewle intloreseecmee, the panicles on plants in mater~aal taws
bstore the begiming of fEowerir~. The tamale intloresosnoee of plants of ma-
tern-l taws, dsprirred of pwaioles are polliw~tsd by tie polieai rihioh iM borne
by the wind. tray only the blooming panicles of plants in paternal rows. #n
this way Ss achieved the fall crossing of the material form xith the paternal.
Detasseling of plants in aRter~.l roar is the most responsible xorY for
ebimining 1~+6rid weds. .lhe yielding Quasi#ee of hybrid seeds depend on the
timely and acoarabe detaeseling.
Detaseeling rust begin at that moment han #hs tope of the panio3se energy
frost the unfurled tipper leaves and they can be caught by the hand. The xarYer,
welting througjt the S.ntsrrow looks over both the msternai rants ate, by a brick
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F - -'
novatsmnt of the hand ~p rsnotea the pan,ola togather with a part of the padiola.
basing a ,rail t9.~rad ratoea3 04 paniclaa (Ssgin p. 11E) that braa~ of? at t1u
last nodes without 3w-sa. In aape+rata oases, eapaoiallq during shortage o?
tnoistase, a part of tke plants begins to Moan at the ribs .Than the panialea
did not ae qat becotde free frca tha uppes~ covering 3savea. 3a these oases
theq mnat be treed from the leaves and renovad before Mooning.
title of Fig. 19. correct refaoval of a panioie.
The period of e~eoting the panicles in Corn is spread out for 115 dagie.
3t is itapoasibla tc renare then cn the ss-tarasi force in the acuraa o! ~.-2 daga~
i'hat ie whq they ara rebovad dailq, as they spptiasj 'until that fifes When they
will be rs~rvee (rota all plstnte oS afatesnfe3 forat+
thhen there will rearM.ia anranoved not sore than 36x cf panicles on ~i~anta
of siaternai for~naj theq ahou2d bi te~can o!f in one dagi eTen if one had to tear
off tar this the upper coTariffg leaves of the panicles, 1'he rer~tred paMalee
ara piled intc:e'.a~:31*1~aBS an tho ed6a o! the plot sad are daily than swag
to be atitiaed on tLe fast..
The Plante of the gaternal rows ~efat be prudid wl.thout fail. baoauae tha
aSda ahoctti may dai-slep panialea too. 1'ha plants in the paternal ro+ra sazat
not be ,pi1fn11iS. They xi11 giw additional pollen. (gigin p. 314)
For rho whole period of woxY, from fhb Leginning aY' the e~aoticn of pan?
ib3as, it is ttecasaasy to assign to the 2g+6ridieation pact parfssnent wox~Cers
at thi sate of one su-n par 1.15? ha o! plantings table dl).
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8albulatgn, cP the "~i~ad spent fcr dcrt~esoling
an hybrl,aS,tatluti pasta
(G9.i~0~lti:ovg~ea Shl~otf.an+~tpor~m~nt >~te~t~,on; 19G$.
Az~ 1.72 :ha.~
1~~~~~ii o-itia+i jl ~~p1L~'ii
A oertmu mimbeit of rCme ~~b be ~k9~nedl to 8ech o? thd9? v~bi+~i"E ~'t1r the
ivho3~ p8ri.o8t tl$ th8t~.ede1~:
Y'lie ons setib ~D t~iijpnrii~ble ftir t'he ,hybr9.d~zat~;en plot (~3e13 te~s-, 1~aterial and are used for faint ]Welds.
~tczagt and drSiing cf' ?eed worn.
The sled Dora cobs, which xert ha~restld frost the hybridisation plot are
stored in'"iCoshi" (light typo constructions for Dorn storage), to oovtred
thrtshing floors, or in lofts cl good ventilated buildings: The thlaYaess of
t21ae layer of corn cribs should not e~oes$ SO~Sb cip in closed quartsPS, 8epei~lug
oa moistnrt content, and in xaski 11:6 ae.
6ort3.ng the seed cobs shoul$ begin "ittpraediately after haiwssting and as
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itiyt sa yeysible. Sbe ewideat],r nnsipe oaey, thoyy alteete! br ilrnlees disytees,
as well as eeby od !!ltereat rarietiey are raaoryd darias prelirioarr Maantial,
tt iy aLe i:yyeratin to sarstnl].,y rerew all the rarainin! baykr aad vi7~r,
beyausy ttfpr ~r ~ dr7'iat v! eeed oobs, !~ problvra of tAe grelityinaryr
yertiaj is to ttw tbs seed rrnterial fraf~ wastes whieh etemrber ttfs dryiax.
Cobs v! rrdiar wise aad yrea the wall oaeswhivh are aot alNyrs w!1 liked
rwt~ bn! ~ieh bare bsalthr seeds, should trot be tlt?earded~ broansy their Medse
beia! bybril, will briss6 hi=b Yields alter sosi.al.
3bv ~pryrlewllr surfed yeby apst tuslerae a ~ryi~ yp to a aeaditienai ueis-
tury eeatsat rhivh ii eP t0 iNC, Dr~iar taast by liaished !a as shoat a psirio!-
as poe>fibb afrd net latwr tbaa the betinaiaj o! frosty.
-ltyr dxyrin! the seed cobs seat nederyo a yeeanl, Baal sertiai. 6t 4hl,s
tiav ary re~eet~d Qylin p. 11A) ali diseased cobs, aLte sdbe rith yiekxjr y~ifd
lidlrtyeiaht seyds anQ all tby ~arie~ adnlttiratiottt. is dnrittt the lirsi verb.
ias, the taiddle site and the stYrll rise sobs dth hsaitbr, wll-derelepsil Melts
arw ant ire,eetyd.
*br aerie! seal asftssiai was tbreu~f stest!-opsy apprebations, sad i! it
satistiys tbs yiaatia; and rarieY,lr eeaditioas it is then blireasd tv life ,giro.
atirrsrtest esabr.
x! brbru ryyds ar. inbnde! fey plaatsas in one,y ea laiyy thsa tbq ew
etsryd ea esbr in 4ry, rwll n:?tiL6sd plaMSi cad ai>ta7ry sspatrrte~ Troia sibyr
zeta ~ vets is srdar to wade tdfrias tby wrieties.
Maatiap o! ?m'n, which are iatseldsd fyr the propasat3on o! bybriA se.ls
exe eab~yet to b.sfeld bald obserratieatr darias detasselinj, as cell ys liyld
asd storaher-yi?+-?~obatieas, sbeerdias to enyeial insttvetioas of ifiaistty a!
Ap~anltarv eat Ult.
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.approbation at plantings on pinta of hybridisation and an
plots of propagation of parantsl torree,R
* des the pravri=iox-al direotions on groorins sends of 'hybrid Dorn and of their
parental torsos, tsi~. ~)~ i358A? `5965.
1. gpwtial isolation for hybridisation plots and for plots o! propagation
ot,parental #ozaos should be established for a distanee of not less than Zbb m,
1Chen auoh isolation spaoe is not provided, part of the Drop, whioh
grows in the isolation epaee, should be reJeoted as seed stateria5.
2. During propagation ai seltpoliinated lines and grot#ing of +he first
genettition at simple interlinear hybrids it is absolutely neoeseary to oonduat
variety wasdins, also a oaretnl t+-ofolfl es~ination of all plants daring the
period before b7.ooaoing and a reffioral at all admiacituree-..olear3~+ atJpie~a3. anft
hybrid plants, which are dietinetly flitterent in height, time of bloosina, and
so on.
a. 'The field approbation is aonduoted on all plantings f?r,propaaation of
parenYwl torus (Yrtrieties at seltpolli~ted lines and of parental simple inters
Linear hybrids of the aeaond, third and fourth generations) aoaording to the
existing method of approbation of ?ariety sowings of earn. (Begin p. i37}
On 1iy'bridisation plats approbation ie not oondaotad, bat is substi-
toted by a ooa~sulsory field esaxination et the quality at wort of detaseeling,
which is oonduated by an agriaalturist~approbator,
&eenlte a! exeatinatione era reoorded in a document at Held obeer~ations
of corn plantings on a hybridisation plot (Forst no: l}.
Plantings with hybrid seeds on propagtion areas, which era not intended
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for Bead gnrposes, are naL appsabated, bnt Est be registered as wriety sowings.
~!. Paaiolea at maternwl plants on hybridisation plots ~tst be tally re-
taowd betora the baal.anina oT bloomin6.
it on a t$?bridiaation plot during two examiaatiaas will be unoorerad
ovar e,K of panicles raaosad hetari blooming, tha gnestibn of a potsibility of
utilisation of hybrid seeds from anoh plantings la settled by the oblastr
(regional) a~rriaultural adninistratioa or tha lEla3ste5r of -grioultnre of the
Bapnblio. '
~L seeds oY tha first aaaaratioa of aia~ple hybrids, the prssenae et sxternal
plants with pnnialae unr~oTad before bloaedng is riot tolerated.
4. 4ha Douses o1' a field esareinatlon of the quality of detaseeling oa
hybridisation plots is set ae tollowsi lU points ari ahoaen oa a dia6aaal line,
sad in anoh of they 6U sateraal plants are ssamined one after another.
Storehouse approbation at seeds of hybridri
and at their parental lorlas.
],, Storehouse approbation of hybrid scads and weds of pareahl torsrs itl
aondnot?d attar the sortit~ of Dabs.
Dnrie~ storehouse sartin6 at oohs of pariatai !arms of iatsr>Kariety sad
rariety~lir~ar l~bridtl ft 3e necessary to be guided by the iaetrnotian oft
approbation of ~rariety plantings.
llhen oohs Ot eeltpolll.nated lines are sorted, aB wsil as sobs of ample
interlinear hybrids, the eaall sobs rith aorsally developed healthy seede ors
not re,aoted, even when there are enpty planes present those. She sobs which
should be rs~eotad nra those which han atypical seede in ~arfetal prapertlea
(Dolor and ooneistenoy of the seed, Dolor ('be6f.n p. 118) of the atom, of the cob),
 siak and ailing cobs, and Por Zines, beside? this, atypioai in site and shape.
2. Seeds of seiPpa111nated lines moat hams 100;0 of sobs of the basis type
and not mgrs than 10 uenia seeds par 300 sobs.
~sede oP simple interlinear l~brids during Pie1d approbatAon musk haera
a varied typiaaln9se nak lcnrer than 99.8 and not more than 300 zsnia seeds
per i00 sobs, and s!"ter etarehouae sorting-?one 3~ssindre8 per sent o! varieti-i
typiaainese and not more then. 10 xenia seeds per 3QQ eab~1.
$. A certifieake ,Por hybrid corn eeedt (3'orm na. 2) is issued 1`or hybrid
seeds of the Pirat gemeratian.
ia'or seeds of parental hybrid forme (varieties, eeiFpollim-ted lines
and simple inkerlinear hybrids off' the esoond, third and taurth generations) the
usual, seed attertakione are issued, or the ueaa$ variety aerti?loatee.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25: CIA-R DP80R01426R010300010001-9
 ,. _
,~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Translation A-fi20
~i1)
.bt~A
b8yt ispolisovaatii- sbeatnykh moldavekith aortas
1ntT:iiruay dlia sioahllriei~oi gibridiaatsii.
L~xperf~entml uae of Ioaa1 Moldavian mafce ~-arietidao
~!~ intsrlinaar t~-bridieatlon.
pia ,RiahSrierok34 S6l,+a~akhasiaiatrannpi 1S nn ire0rease lr3 grain yield mounting to
8.g ojtu-, and in 1954..3,6 o/ha (table l).
Tabio ,t.
Produotivity oP ~fbrid 9IT3gl2 oasnparad to tha ataMardtearietyJ
oooeea. ~ 191st of i~ariety
n oT_
yield stand-
a/ha and
zo:a _-
too
2D.0
1az
18.2?
89
16..5
82
iii:6
Bl
12.8
67
c~rwsn ~ oP
yield ataad-
a/ha +trn
av:v
aa.8
"iS kold. aheltaia ?
4 lfolq. orattshstir~ia
5 F'olusubovidAaie
E ~ Poxt(okeliu
 :a_
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Intsrlinrar hybridr, hoerer, ara hot warily dirtribntad in produotion
#ar the tolloxing araason=~
1) the intriotay of obtaining hybrid rand, rhos the original ae'l#-
polli:wtrd linar leak ?italitlr, produoa r poor yield and ara ralaotiTa as Co
aztarhal ahriroearent. ~bridiratian raguirrr etriat isolation of hybridisation
plots and oaratzl ras~-a'1 of a+ala tamale ;prior to #lo..ringi
2,~ doubla'I~ b~gbridr oontain a high piroahtaga of rtaroh, a raduoad
paraantaga of albturin and tats and ara batter suitad #or Industrial purporas.
!ha Y,lR~d grid is distinguished by tragila atar~s bslow the war whioh ooh-
tributes to loss o! yield wnd oorpiioatas ~srr i# tha orop is latt standing
Nan a littlb tr'hila altar it has ripanad.
Iiolda7ian loos! flint variatias {Bold. oranshseafa, ,Mold. sheltaia,,
Portoloalill) bars a hi`hrr content of albursin ahd oarotin than dent intez-
linear hybrids of OZd ~/-il?1lnion Znatitntb of Plant Ihdustrq]~ Sn this rerpaat
tiRa
ztshdsd period l~iTad oh homo~, pioltad #rom the meting t~rietiae em-iza forms
*ith a higher albumin eontant.
~tn 186i, wrier the guidanw of Pro!areas a. ~. ~a.rrsYii, wa began word on
the produotion got highly produotise ihterlinaary or lihaal?#a~oi.ly, maira hybrids
by aroseing sal#~pollinatad liner obtained #rom loos! !lint earistias with daht
ralt~polliaated liner.
Snob hybrids blast ba highly prodn6tira itwsbatah ar they hays bean orosrrd
with dbnt and !lint iinas ahd tanilias r~hioh Vary in a sariar of propartiarl
tieey girt ba adapted to loos! axtarnal oonditionr; thty bwst ba drau~t,rssis-
te4nt, insrsuoh as !arse xhioh owrr tsar! locsi,, titoa~honerad Afoldrriah ~arietiss
'ha`w partioipatad ih the orassingj they sazrt b? flint br, it hasd ba, riisi~drnt
 +. p i
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~~
~.
with a high aoistint a! albutain acid oaratin.
litt+rial atsd twthad of_ isswirtiaatiors. Thi flint and rix,4-dent letsal
?sriitin itsaludifl in thi experiaittt were ar fallawr~ lktldarrat~a ahiltafa
>681t~3S Itiihinirt A8rletaltural Tostituti~, 11~1daTadfra arattshrrair, Partalttal,fu;
Ohinknatttina afod :k~olaaeaboridttaiw [~ie{ident) (laoaT natural hJ+brid froia..dint
lrariitiii attd 'Zonal flint wrietiir abtainid ar a reiult bf s~daptatiba et ditrt
lariitiei to libldavia {Ierarrl~l,i))?
To ariaLi taari aontraititt~ littr+r, 7+i aottduatiQ relf-poliXnatiatt of the
dint ~ietiis 8tixlitsg and bnipre~itra7sYafa.
bt firm it war niairiat~ to praduai, evaluate snd relict thi beet sil!?
pallitsatsd line!e for heir !Hither repeated relfpollit~tiott, far itud~
a~ V.r ~a i
#'latttr far their rilf~pollitsation were araNis an a rapirlar agrrau9.tui=al
baak~routtd afld were sown frow aeliatid rigid of th! wsFiitlr. 8ilf~alli.natiott
web erxrried out att 99si best attd 3Sialthiirt plaatr? i~ro to !brie hu~~ plantr
at eaah wariiLlr ,lire avid in !ovoid ie),f.~pollittatiaa. SLealatiott of ~aule tarrilr
itidtss war aehiend by drerrins thr~r its ep~aial parohtsast ieolatorri. fhi
etri wire iselatid befare ititt~r appeared an thus, but vale tareili on1,y rtTtin
their grin astir bidin to bli~a. tlhin the iti.p~aa asrai out o! the err wrapping?
aetfi the taewel bi~att to dash, the latter war aut aff with L'O+~iO of ten; pediiil
[sbz~] attiti wri trsnrf~rred to the pirtillati silk. '[Begin p? 2Q3~
Par pollirsation the iwlator war r~sored free the pirtiliats ~iZ1t wr~r
earifully and quickly, atsd itt itr plane was elippid ate another fiolat6r to8ethir
with a teale tairiZ. '21si tarril pitdiiil war i}iwrpittid at the sttd attd was p].aaid
its the a3il of the laf. 4he sairture in the attil of the I.aaf Htspt the taarel
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
F'-~
tar roisi tips ir- a turgid hate, and it gave further pollen.
Pallit~-tion w~ aeao~lished ih the ~narning home (true 8?1!) whsn~phllda
Leg ariatir rl,tal,ity.
l';le. 'l. alt-pollinated anise linrr 3roLted from thi ltoldaviatt
CFiinkrantiad ~rariity;
lfpt of thi ears obticiued attsr artitlcial ee3f=p811l~tion ~rire rparsi7,y
obvered with ~~ but thrir gird were Larger.
'Rlti talltrwing friar the vied of iaeh rar weri si+m slengridr of tbslr ntius-
bir in the nursery for rilt~pelll~ted linsi~2=!f Barr ~a-1o ~) at snob ~ne~-
riparstely tar study end rigeatrd riltwpollination. ~'or aaaparieon, tbi erigirxrl
viriity wwr ~iidid bitwrien i7er~ 10 1$ne aawbirs.
Most self-poll9.tiatid finis had ~littiaulty in gprouting. S'he plats were
unabli to bred[ through the iuorurtation end while thiy oontinuid to gran bet~th
it; they far~se4 a long yrili~nrr~hite itlolatid shoat. to oanniatiox with tliiri
iiid of relt~pollii~tefl knee srast not bi buried Drip in the roil when. riedicl.
~~rulti of lmeetigr-tions of relt~yolliaatid lisur. I~s-y re~,f=pol.].im~ted
lime Nava mired all rorta of nr>r aharaetirirtiis, triquintly at the i~cpensi
at ~-ftality~
1. Abnaraeai aonaintration rsul dirtributian of ahlorapbgll in thi leaver.
tm s~llti lines albino pleats true praRalent, [Brgiu p, tOt~ ioae of thfia pirirhid
far laok at natrrfant rubrtanaee, bat i0B1e began LO Turn grain later oi-. 1?arallil
with this there were noti4 lines ,with piantr of a dark groin, alnwat blue Oa16r
(lkild. iratuhe~la !ls riltPpolllaatid, Sine at the tisst yeas, Pelacub4ridnaia t2,
a reooAd yiat lifle of iilf~follination), while o#hirst as the aantrrsy, were
aanrpisuoue beoaure at their bri~rhta lixt-t~rellfAr oolaring (i'elusubirride~-la ~,
w eilt~ollinatid lfne of the Lt arnit gad ).
 Fag. 2. 'gilf~polllnatsd saisi llnie isolated lkon the ~foZdsvii~n
~lusu'bovignaia viiri~ty
phi lini o! ~ubvvYdvaia T6 had bright, light~illiw 1sa~is in 10dE and it
retainid this eha~aetsr in 1x64.
Arvs-~; svxe 1lnes there 1Ai noted an intensivi aisthoayan aolorin6 at a ~~iolit
tone,, iithir over the sntirs plant or on,q on the ts~eesl.
8. D~rtfliti appsaranve of the wholi plant or only of iti ieparat~ parts.
~. C3r9mpsd liavia j flv~pletrelq or only as the a~ralns.
4. As regards drou~t rssiitanve the resalta ~arye separate lines did
nisi wilt durinb heat nor drought, yet ethers milted bad1S- and periihsd ev~libly.
to s~ lines the upper; more delioabe part of the plant ryes beginning
tv 'bura out.
S. ~. lines +weri inalinsd to lvdgs? partiouLarly the isltapolli,~etid
lines dirisd from the Stirltns varietSrt others, on tht ether lq~ne4, are very
risistaht to lodgis~ wnd tv tnttgaa diiiaeea.
8piolslly pranvanoid ohangii 'had taEsn pleas is the s~eproduotive organs
oP eol~'ypollfnated Ziais{
l) stultiple iai~e {individual piaati from tni ss1P=pollinated iinei of
OhinYvantino toad 6-7 sari, while others had only s*ffi sars)~
E) appeiranvs of ieeuli florets din the tasiel~ .
~) lara~ation of large,,'branahing out taiiilr with ? 1ar15i amount ?P Pollan
and, then yraia; the prstsnee of a very weak branvhlisi tassel iith a isiall
aueunt oP pollen,. oftih aetii-it,irili.
2'abls t ih~rs that in siltapoilination there ii a ihai~ drop is the pro=
duotiTity of one plant. d'hi ear grows i~liir; spirainiei oP grain inareassaa
grit the Mrilght per 10170 grains invreaeie !n the first year bf siil=poilination;
 .w ~ ~.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
i-.
..
?able iG.
Depi+ara~.on ~f r~lt~lllaa#d 1Sasa of ons~ bwo aad tlurMS ~'9
~ ~`lf 114aabi a - tx- 1 ri b
# Old ' tJM6 ~ i.
whlaR !~ duA to bhp proabunoid sprr~iz-~s of ~wlu? 1,ini ~f 1Widae>i~
aq+tlxtr+sl~~ to (sf 1?rt rirr colt-polllo+-'F,1on) q:'oAuoiQ a1?t all +r.~.,~ib8'bri.
1rA a
~
~' irRtsi~by 'af~d
'
'
~
ooaaaa.
'r~i
aa
lt-lwllln-t+~t
1ls~a
~~ y
T Y
litold: nah#'Mc~
+$~'
I~l,.'i
ldad
Y ~
90
Cllr
lia']d: 1.lt 1tr? 'fa1~4.~01:
{a'rara of ld)
13d '~
8is.6 ~~
~)Ba~ ~
Sti
- ~
-
~aid: 1`M yr:_~ait~nrl.
(eriir: ox ~)
iei
~1:~
'~ISa~
i.0
Od
ii~a18 'sls~ltala = iarl~~by
1t0
~.3
~a(f
0
0
60
~~: 11b : ~.ir~~i.
-
{a~rra of ~)
lay
~e:a
93?d
8
0
ltald? 18~ ~d'a all-pal.
`
{?tr*r? oP l)
t3a
18.3
4fi.~S
as
1~0
~
Polaadborifd~l. Yar'laty '
iQ06
9'f?0
'i2.~
008
e~
palul~nbcr~i ~talf'~o1.
Dn-p~ropabra~kalGa ~ ~rariiby i
llie
aaaa
l1:0
ao6
io
if15
,
Dx~~repabrerar~ai..~lib yra
aali'.~pol: {arse. u! 6)'
1~
~.'~!
M.d '
X73
lt4(s '
i~
~a~propsbr~kaia $ad
i,2i'-~o3. {arsr bt d~
1#1
E8?CF
~i`f.1? ~'
S9S
l86
1{~
dts~lin; .. vrrl~ty
1lt0
p'ia0
lfl:b
a:~
E8
l03
Sbs~rlSad lsb a aallapOla
,
{apsr. of 77
144
9d.a
li4:a
3~i
8d8
10a
8bsr'lfn~ tad fir. oatt+pol.
{avsra of ~)
~.~~ '
+~.~'
i7.8
130
280
lt'f8
lftlf~
i
mid: oxst~2~araia 3rd 7Y'?
e~l~. gol.
191
7.0
30,Q ,
303
li0
2
318: ~Ralbaia Ord ~? asi~-p
1110 '
1*.0
dl.p '
=
:.
.
3
Poiu~eabortdaala tad ~.sil,l-p'
P17
d3.0
~1i.0 '
fi0
801
90
~+
17a6~r6pabro~rsbrSa 'ird qrr.
ral~~rola -
lea
310:0
r-;o
1~a
~~
~m8
6
3tbarliaY 3rd ~: salt-poia
~.~eo
3oaa
3io:o
 n
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ .
It Mutt be asaphaaistd that at a rerult of self-pallfattion thsra apprarid
amtiraly new ,plant foxes whioh haratolort !fad not brew dircovarad ist the
orl.~a-t rsrstp. ~Hrg~n ;p. E06]. lm the opinion of A.iL, lforrarrY~i~ three
properties appearrd as a result of the precedin6 culture in e~.ch divarsb
call propartier davalcpad. Ckaraatera whioh had been in a reoessiva ttatt
could dtTalop rapidly tie ? rirult of salt-poT.1#~a~-tion, uadex~ aonarett cu3.tura~,
aonditiome.
R?-ilt talf~pollinating planet of the aase family, we obtain the !!Hats
dirarst fortis in the progahq. dorm 'lines giw unitarai [r~ae~ntnrrytl plants
~rnedi~ataly upon. a gear+? self~pollinatioa. l'ht liner, ha~rever, usually `btoosNf
a-ore aniforlr in thf ~ieeond or, xora ofttni in the third year of ralt?pollination.
i!i a rainlt of ealf~rolliaatian an(t oonorets aultursl oonditionr df.fi'ara
tntiation of e+-tiatar in a line is possible in at~+ year.
Boat cf the f~rly aoser,pd ,forms sra hartditrry. Zt is YaoFn that heredity
aril ~rital,ity ~a different properties. Esrsdity of a~ ?ariaty erJlutsTer filly
laok ,ritality i! eft sub~tot it to foroed aa?.t-pallteatiom (in oroisad ~rariatiea
(u perel~tatnitbe~}; yet, on the ether hand, ire e~4ta'lity ~y be him in fc~rri
polllar~t7,on with a Fide range of gearibiiitits tf atleetitt tertillsation.
Zt sort bt tsphatirad thats:ort relectlomirt sondaoting isaise selection bg
~aams of trasting rslf~olliaattd lints tdai~blar (S), >Bsadshiaor (!), goahuld2ar,
ldibisa-, Kosubenko cad etfitrs) dtolare that S# it ntoeaeary to sub~eet a 'liar
to a-4 raptated saif?poiliaationa before the whole lima baconar uriiform~ set
fist only after this, !!lees andtrgo araeting among tha>rst3vas. Y1e, her~rrerb
tried to do. this sooner to as to atady the prppartiar of iabrtd lints:
Ia 1082 and !Odd pair arossiag Fan conduottd aswag t3se unifors parr bi'
the first sad taooni gaart of eel!'-pollination in order to obtain aimpit Xpr?rtyirlt.l
 rrit~prilinrtad L`rrrrins wa ooaduetad by iaalatins for taar,lr iarr
with parelf~amb isrlxlars and by lartias thna witiA the pollen ?ollreted 3yrtr-
am plant or rawril plaaba et anett,ar arllpelliaated liar. IIpan tbs rns-
settirn at A.Y. EpfareYil, erasaims, as a rule, war eendaetrd yams them
reltpolligated 21nrr et the orisilsal rarietier which predne? rood raultr
in lntar-~axirlal l~bri`l~Ntioh. Re taerearr ttu contract of pain in erasa~
las, Liner with dent train wqr rrprllinatrd with iinrr ?arena train e! thr
!line tips, and pain wire arlesi?d as the prineipls of pareat dirtination ar
to wsrtaliw and s+maratiw rharastrrr~ In the rprina thr hybrid rrrd wwrr
Mown in t3sa brit.
~ lfii, ter rrasear o! erwprria+ln, an inbarrarirtwl lybrid et thr aas+e
brnbi~tlon war ram aloasrids e! rarh arlt~.pellimaisd T.~firid, In l9ilr tha
hybrida wrrs reriparrd with thr YfZ-d8 lgrbrid cad the ata~ard Dnrproprtrewlaia.
ar '!e produstirity,. Taala is hble s Sadieata that aor6 of them hybrids had
dirplaysd a rharpiy inrsrasad hrlrrorir [frsia p. tbf~ and hish prodaetirity,
aarpasrins by tar that of cbe rlrndard ~preprh'onkaia and its alarr reaoai
in yield, Tls~.
Yis, i. srll~pellinatsE saisr lima isolaZad trot tZSr iiOidslan
'ra''i+t~,' 11?l4'*ank' annshrrsia iii ~i11aa. rha~r rest
a! rrisinal rarirt,~r sad of rrlt+pollinaied linrr],
tit. 4. seltpellinatrd tKis? lima irolatad troa thr erir.tirn
rarirty Dnrproprtrrrrbaia [sear of orisinal tarisf~ amd
of relt??polllnatrd linrrJ.
Die. i, sehyr a! rrrarins tha grit-polliaabd lint lortokalin 11
with thr sellpollipnbad lint ?bt-Ili.
tit. !, iabsar et troraina the salt-pali,inabad line pliu 1
with the rritpolli~rabad liar Yl$-11e.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 -~-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
1Nrryebin; that has bran said above p.r~.its ns to draw tt? tolls.in;
;rsural eo;;eriwis~nst
i. Dy ftirNas of s.ltpeliiaatioa it is paribU to ait`t+rsntiabs lssal
w~rirlr ~oquLtiens izta aittrrrnt ass tors. {iinrit).
li;. ~'. 8rbrrr s! orossic~ #hs srlt~rliiaalyd liar et Pert9icalin 11
with dittsxrnt ssit.Feliinatrd linrwi of ?~l.
d. Ay srirrtien at dint, arru~t rsslstaat sca rrriy riyrnie; Tina
and by srs+tain; tfsa with drat liars it is gessibir to Main hy'Mrids of N~++
prliieabrd, liars +Hlieh by flat rsrrra 4hr prodaotirity of the intrr.arintri
hyb:u at$ standard ~rarietyl. ~ nr+-?~brias ebtninra .rr distio~xishsd
by tbrir ;eea 4naiiti.s, thq osatain aoa+. albuaih and art brttrr saitra ter
toddrr parposrs {tiaa 1~r drat ty~...
S. ISaltpelLinatrd iinss et ie.ai ,lilnt nrirtiine rtrm attrr thr first
year of srit.+~-lliaation, sanitrst a .trod; dsp~wsion at thr w;statiwr y,tt
rl the glwat dad art ^nrh irss preaatira thaa thr ori;tasi parrot torase but
attrr thq ~a es~eeara ,wad thrrsri~rr, prodsotirity et for lpbrids h tar
s~rMs thab of the standard. and aii brttrz i~rrwarirta3 r~aisa hybrids.
(Ervin y. 111
a. In for tuturs~ Ur+orria~ et thr brttrr ?iwplr linrar hybrids wl11 ~aior
it possibir i~r Yr'~ dodbir eer~pesitr istrr-linear hybrids. 2hir will .ilydcale.
thr dittialtisr inTrlwd in thrlr srra powi~. is thr lish6 et B.IG auii~,nra~s
aed A.1i. yenairskii~s Lei wrrYs, it sirilloanranslir wi,11 ~eab it yorsiblr b
?tlainats ds~nrr#sien itr ^ritpo111natsd iiarr ~ s~saa of intlurmsr rntsrfrd by
thr dealer at alirn ye3La, and by ririn4 of this eireanstanar it wily pn! b+tess
srirstiearre the War of erratin; hi~ir prrdmstitr din;ir hybrids ter tbrir
praetisai flee.
 ~. 10 w
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
,Tfrialu0~ld'k~r d ~abr~l~t ?~bs~t e! esi +dd 4ar6 yswYS OdL'
ss2t~llliriation at t3N 4sijlnl-I Bass atr ~a~4rsd
+Rilh i~ab~r?~rla~al
~
~
~
i
~
~
~
~
^
~
~
~
i
Tl ~1~1
1
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rrlanaia irtbrarli~ar
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ri~~ssy~laro~ndoals ~ ,11s11l.
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a~-.s
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
li ~=anYris +i~i 7'ashri at' tAS ?~.xil~Aia'1 ~+3uci~q of A~i ~aisnest
iu. Yii. ~nid? ~Zrrobio7.a~tiRS xorle~ ~ ~re`bts~ of ~nebiass siUati~.~
K~ xl~A ~a~i!1(~ 16if~0i
~+ ~a~,~isaars Y. sud 7ik31ni6, xi Q!'GGit1~ tp+brSd amiss saidi t~ssi
"iatiirlisBitr~risl~ttre ssro~sesiiss, ~a? 1B0 (8?.~f1) of 8 3u'3ir i96t?
!fi ~aYr~Ia,r, BrP: i~iwe ~brlQsi ibfianas 1L1tdi
~. ~dshirsbps 14I. ?8sra ~esttsods aQQ lss~ of na-is+s s+1~otlcn (i'ra~
works oa rsiss sal+atloa of ~)s "Triatiss pa a~3,iod baEsnYs ~awti6~ alad
Ei ~oknlts~s .Ai~i $alsatSaa ssld ~'alvia~~ of '~risbl sssiab frills !;+7r~rw
6, 1'd+>rtrin*s ~.gi ~ab~rssdin8i 'i`hsoretitx-~. basis oi' ,plwat ss2sotisii"s
~? ~~ yY~Oi
7i ~alinir~s xis. grid ss~'. 1~'rnnae. Sbarnilc
sabot po fetlo3?biia k~a]caruxy i ~(olda~iii
Pl~+ i27..i48. ilod7cs, ~otitekaia Sanlca,
ig$b. s~+
~"(~a itaeis9.sn)
~? ~+ eeLT-poilinatiaa of ap-iae, the mentor of mien ~oiiea of varioac
bi4lagioal epeteie8 inareabes eharp~,q the eittiag aY"eeed an the ear in the pear
^ef ?pailiaRtibn. .
~. Wider the iafluvitoe of ~aiiea golien, depending on its epec3.es, there
e~ppear "speoi:fia oharaatexittar iu the '"aunto~edr'. relf~ol~ated liaetl of
different warietiei cf sdei~e, ~rhioh ere retained is cabaequeut ganerations`.
?~. 4he ~ielf??poiiinated 1?Ia~eenttlred" i3nen rhioh had been ~rodaoed An o,1se
year; ~nppearing at et~86~'ed iuterr~ie, end lied beea ieetated frvre one variety
'after oroeeing "bat~seia tha4ie~ee, ,~rhar the Policiwing~yeaz a ~srked ittarenee
xn '~it~lity? eargsared to the ^~arie~y. fry i-Aibh they had been i~ioiatsd.
Ae a reeuit of?their ororeiag axtong heaeeivee, eeteatbred" self olii~
~
P
te$ linen e'Sth etriotiy dietinat ta6rpholoaiaal aharaotere, and deeoeadent fr
o>~
different tiarietiee, pradao~d hpbrids the lwrge ~a~or`itp a! xrhteh ihae inoreaeed
i
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 9
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
f -~
''~ ,
hef?rasis as ooa~pared with aonveational i.nte~ariirtal hy+bride and, is lua~y
oaeea,'with interlinear ~nea deeoeadeat from the earns rrarieties.
6. In view of the marked i~rsaee in vitality under the influence of as
alien,poilen mentor duffing eelt~polifnation of mn.ize and, irequentlyr, in aiew
of the retention and formation of greater uniformity in the atfe~ring-with the
appearance of new ~peoifie aharaatere depending an the awntor speaiee ~ this
mstttod ihmxid bm tested mast a~tenNtvely in ee3eotlon work: Yn the first my
etanoe, investigations ehoald b6 begun xith obligate orore~pol3iaating;p3ants~~
wSntor rte, beets, ~unilowere, aaetor plants, buckwheat; the nuetard family and?
tfaturnlly, aaaiae.
8. ~'hs proepeate for increased vitality sad directed torsnation of the
prooees is eeif~.polli.nated lines of obligate arosa~pollinatiag agrioultuzal
plants, with. the aid df an alien pallea mentor, should Open nrw sad very wide
horiisons for praotioai r~electian~
tr. 'tsentr: Ittstitata Iaboratarrii imeai I.T. ltiahurina, v. ~, 18E4.
~. ~Herkut, 0.~. Application of pollens mixture by 36ohurin~s tamthod.
Hipohurinekae plodovadstvo", Na. 8, 1988.
131gCE9
1. ~Celtreiter, ~.t3. teaching canaerning sex and hybriditation off' plants`.
selikhoEsia, 1910.
2: 1f3.dhurin, Y~onfex~rnteii ti~hineTekosa S...sh. Institnta. Ii.ehiaev, 1966? (Tr. %ikhityevkkogo
$.??~ll. InktitUta iA? ~'un6e, T. Y~t)?
 /,
D~la~fied and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R0103000100Q0~1~9 ~i ~ ~ ~J
ir~r~nrlaRlin 4~
lalla
patarbar~,alrlf,, ~. v.
~ll+xe'td ~pit+-~ii+ ~artra44
{pp ~tbatari lalfrrala~ty b. ~. !lrla~atahaSkrr+Y
C~dM ~'abl~iUr aS srrt pntrit4an i! pLnM (atgr
iror~ Boar at i~r 1a~lfatOq ad' D. 1~ ~) ~
146t M+! ,ids
(,Ls ~ratast}
Y~irNiahnilrer rnd a~rahiralr~
*!Or lita st a ralantiat la la ~ wrrlt~', 4 rdlrla ~. ~, l4alelasarr tnt ~
ablah an L. ArMns. 3'lsis /iw~t rha~ariatisnl In lMil aru+~wr a,~tr fir 14tH
and a?t1~~ ~ 3~irlwanfs aaab tslantad rMrd+nt r "Lia4ir43 d~LkrlurLrh.
~rfasirhrika~. tAa bath ~ o! h1r vot4r to tba ~lapaant e!'aRtla-.
a~-arhrirtr~ ~ dl$ 1maA, and thalr r'rlr 4n. for ,~praaKral isrr at aM~lra2i
1n aaafaLlat a~ianlta~r ~t aair fatL to dUh for bra, bat, rn tha
re-ataarg, i! ~ ar taremsatlea b! l+rtilidrsr aed i4~a3? ryyr],lra~ Qtya~d{
3n d~ rwn~er~r, ~ ~~
'!!Ir aa~aiwid rab asiv3aajN bjr for Qarrrntrtat ya7rl~r and for f~rl14'iNffit 7z~c.
tar ter ta~urr diinala~rritt at tirl ,hrt411tir ir~ttry,~ ahfih baa brrn adr ~ ~~
r~yasalb]r !ar artla44~ Mr aaasal rnt~aa rt ai~t lrr~lliarYn np tr li~i0
xill'iaa font dtltin +Iba a1p~t 10 fir, atd ibr i4tratlwr lat+rN N a~Lr~nitrrs
aen.rrninj a i.f~ tltiar 4nwrasar, ra +roripatrd ~dM 1~2, in abaslo.~iliaR ant
a ? ayad at for aNtiert st ib~ lprrbardtal wriira at i4r
aa+w K d4iir~, ~, Ahjr INtr t+Aiasiri N thr rrwa~r r! D. ~~ t~a~..
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
plxowont pt loyal rrp-e-ir tastiliA+r'M wii111a 1Lt ditt 1.1i yrrarr ? ra1sM ?!rr
'~ ~ 0! ~~ r8 ~ vhrl~r 'M i nbs- la~rl, itld tlrsr alma
ter aypra~l ai! !1'tariabniiea'+r w0lbr is parbirxLtt.
~ +~r),r oarralors ~~' +dairk tar lq~ Drib Intl o! wroati~ra sar'~,,
~t~F~i ~r~ar'Iiib ~f'r0'IMA ~~ inrwttptloea r! ijtandair r2f~rlrt~ry ~~
~laltt pfgrirlop+~ 1lbila ~ Mat still ~ youth, nQ~ia tbofd#tty held atiwtrt
hir"attratief hlMuii ~,~ was lintrd to WM ytNtirol $~ n! i11sf'aarl,~ ~
~~~M
It la ksora that ~ liwt ?r-1! e! hia~sirhrit~ri,o aat~~iti~ yrnrrr~M
aabrr riraar~rt ibat >!rlla tbo tfraliattirn ~-!' 1~ia arhianwrnb in prNtiar
aiaort rrrplrtrl~r i~oniblo. xni. w ls~r M tha rnslal a~ ooeuad,t +tsttit3,or
o! p~~rrl~atloeary ~ugia. 'n~ durlaj tbA +aroa4 prriad of his wiftttf~lir ~
Iwitrii >YOboLar-!~b nndouLt~ri?,y axprlirriraa aba o! thr ~rratrat Js~r+ tt~l- tr
auey ern b ~ hox ~riM~y 6ir rzort +W'~t 4swr1 ~! pre~Mtr rros+a 1Nl4=
r+wliroQ !a tba taint syorh. Idr apurt~t idrw ns lrllp wnrinsoa tlui t~
?sN~plrt w1-tsk h, ~ sot~od +ronlt nab /!+r dih his.
7a thir eorarotiar, it is plosraat to aotn tAet attr~r on tLa pr:t .e
+rerM, indiiHRna1 pilar~ r~he is lab ~ raDtab~d~y- kriad to l~alt~lalr
t~roharirtry ~ . aiaarr .ne to brtr~ thr ~r a.a. o.! its round.: t? ?1liSta
~rr~rd umnaasilh3. 4a w te'bo a~rtrt, ib prrrod it~porsiblo to a
roYantrr thr ?aarogeraara~ o! rrhiob rTr of itrltiw rijsiriwrr~a in for tstrllitrmt
u~ sr vans a tM iroat iyerbuat awirso !rr ~rairir; pro~rti~itr arq iargtiar~
thr lartililp- e! aril. It L i~wolbU ba ot+ara !~ srltgral !-iotrny t9y aRa1r
o! itt ?L~rrir +dss s*tglirboe for ~ralonl~itir rst~rai ix ~, ~y !~
doarlrr to ?ntrr, i~ab ~nsM tier Easier rr xurrbaa, e! ~s trre~e
itu~orr'hret tAr >.rr7r 1n thr ryb~ara at reot tatrit~ r! plarit+t sal, ra~orsa~f,~r
 _t~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
in the stuyr st tAs hest rs~l+~x prsblsa et aiirepa dateitioa o! ap~lealtM-~
allylt? ~laRia'. as1
17w iater~et sbswa is the asasry of A. ^. !'riaairha!!rs RW !a hla asisatitis
lapoar is erriasat troy the elanittumseur pttblisatisa of lba salaoted sasfs bt tiffs
ly~aoYa salamtirt bl- the ~sads~pr o! {alano"s of tips ~tlt add hT tlrs ssl~Idw~is
[alas yablishers at adrisuityrat literstrrral. of e~tieeai ir~psrtraee to t~s
drw aditiva et Trlaxishaik+a-*s tn~asatal rarlc?~?"rp~oihw~fr~+".
xhe saiaatitL le~sy of llriasishaikor ie hapi for hs was an
w~satiie seiedtist ~ 3rtt iraradisal-is teaoss is na~gr braashw a! sataetw~-
isi thr D~~UA adi 1riMhilaistry of plaatsy ap+sshssristrr~r~ ,plan ooitwrr,~ a~yL
is ~ tsa'h~eie~ ed 1Us~tilisets.
1'he ideas adi axprsriaeatal seeps of Ariirii ifilealas+rish s~st br is-s1slsr
is +r'es'i asrest is assrrNasa with the ?rrr [esiaa~s st }rsdnrtioa aafl t>fa 3atnt
arthmds of rsssaxsh+ Qae tryst ~ealisr flan Qett r..p.b.s>.iliy that lrlls
the ebeaiders at the rladfats ?! Dritrii irrst 11'a~rtamt psosaes im plasw ?? ma,..y plietetymta+atr? !1r
~thst~ et t~tisr nhith doadsatsd piw?e !ae atq deMdora and aesa+di.d M
~hieb torMld.~s w tlas lust prodnst et t3is pseeess. has pare~ld ia?alwrsb.
In ra]SfS*a la+in~er, toa~a]del~yde east be toad enm tm tAe leitisl pAafM
of photaymtissls tatar f0 ssesrAs) b the sns! aeow+M arttrd +q]+-!+a moiled
aasbom. nn its stnd tasr....rde stay ea~oamds a am imsa~by ~.re ss~Ls
ebgwebt. 4>~ iAr ase !asst rr-]is aai pyrwaeerle a.1U. M?obar.pfN*a1N
taea~aroteetk4), c?~se aw tt?lonl]iwarimet+-1a I~i.ioa), srsae
:ese. amd snm a]Dasm.
sA. partieipatiea e! ghwplria asid im ib terwtia+ es the tlrst yrtdoa
et phatospm~pL L s+spp]asraMd ey the ia~Mmt role st this sxData..s im tar
emsrbr of plat erp~mlAS e'Aiah rims aa~siam tm t0ee reastiame at pAsspks?
ryUtiom~ dth tar t~stiom et im0aersdiste sas~smmds o! hiil em~srp ]n.L.
Deeorpasitiaa a! ta?ss so~aamts re]aases ensep raKaired tar the aw~tl ras_y
ad artabo]lss is tta aepmiaa.
iarieb ?sieatLts (vimslrsdo~s lt5t) Kee sAsa tlMtt mprpn released tats
.:term.] eseiseeraat lnsimi pl~stogrmthsets L releserd aot ... reen]t .e ttr
deaa~oeitiem ad earloa dlsa[ide~ bat tiseause et the dissssistiea o! sstari witk
the toraatiem at seersimt aiemb ITSat~asKMlei~. i'hen these redneisi apmw
amid eitR earbom tia:lde ash tEai taea the Drtl,maStu et dittereat orpai.
prednets.
Diuosistiam of wtsr osonrs im 11iLt! toe iritia] setmstien et CO=a 1ur?
elver, oooars la ws ~ wlside the a2s]eeopiaste eeea thon=h the ta~rli.t
oo~araa~sioa et tia aswpd easstus?s aLe reQaire ihs em~~r et ]iiht: ~IYap
it vas nsastieed still gaib ressatly, !t mse L as ]e~mpr pesalble to dray
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
atrial des~reatiea liaa bebwea aliw.pAerio w root masrition of pLa1s, wi1L
the first i~-xjrimp asaiiilatisa d ?rbon h the i?nr, amd wibh .esoai--
asriieilatian of niMpa ant aN- elera~tr by tAe reob. :aei.b ~rislKiria
~e fui'~y ubablLLed ? eesbein lspertanso e! the biearYomab ion, disL a=br'r
the rosba lben thr sail, in the ryabheeis of eryaeie enbriaaep by the plat!
(~rraaas, 10E1j IIula, IYtS3). os tfo otbor hart, the suyplerantary taetism~
of ylants thswih the loam, lira! laowtiM-brd !n the 2abar+be~r e! D. Y.
hlanishmikas, is el praetioal sai+cr+.w. (te=im p. f1) teeba rra .. l.rpr
ooaridexyd u rso rep-ar, for tho nab eoyla symtbetie prooorres Lary lees
disooeered is tLes (tLeral~, 19tb~ tabiniy lOt!).
wide%spsead rwepitisa >rea arserdet D.X. hiraishaikos~r Cheery (1fLt)
oa the ysesomao o! ?a oleo sooiproeal relation beteeea the embesaal esatitioru
of plant c~tritien eat the laltbrael psoetues of yLrtb astabelia~`, loes~lairt
on the basin of Lin 1~1!-oonl~ lonj R,-esiarabal and thooeoti?i ~ot~b as
nitroEen nntritisa ant on the ezehapp e! mitrepaonr sMslaaors is plattr.
Shia theoq !a is till weer+i witL the pidia~ priaoiplea ss 14ehasinile bislep
eoneanimp the amity al orpsia~- and os~slreusmb.
Thin unity heart all bhe ear4a of aaesrlalirtie tlalNti,?, hub it !r rrt
im~arisble, stalls. Ib ie tho amif~y of eeatrasb Tproti-ipeloahnorbil, ab ti?
Buie of die! lia t#o atruule of eeats+tiatian.
In tAe preessa o! root aatribio~s imbensiri eMbabellw Donato beirret p2aeb
ard< uil, dtsslat dish the ylaab, u well u tho roil, yosserps as inteassir
proaeunaad ebaortin eayaoity.
Zl, harerer, in an a~roacrio tense, 1M two! impartaat imtersbaap aLrrsKw
?paai~ of the sell ie teeernet by eaprasi~+el~r sirpL plprsiee.ehrleai sop.
larlties, them tLe abaostiTe eapui~jr of tLe plant ,a dietim;niahed ti0' a eeleet3+n1
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
-haraatsr wLish lsgsata ea tdr rgnirsraab at 1mr fr~wlapl.tf~ otpnSaat whisk
shaapa as tir pea au
~t the pxaaallis ti1a, as ar flS,ayaiM ttls lYcat that astrisnt anbaMSasa
saisr tbs pleat iLwntk tba costa iMspaadaat~y s! traaapiratica.
Xrit- aaS aaararia sad eittwisa rsrtw as the Lrsia assh~niarc in aali 1atiL~
tratioa e! the )last, ar in tb. further aebiu+,t at aalb is the pleat tiaaasa
and aarpasa. Shaaloa to tla ass o! ta;pd afar, it bar bsaa lawemtlt~iM lhat
the astral rpssi at a+r'irtaaa wiry seat soww~sat is pL-ab wrpaasa RLs pstw?
tial cetera at aittwian and auoair try sera ~ a Laa~rsd tire.
2'Ls iiasfailar p3aat aUaagtion o! taro iorr sf ems slaairatyt+ eaaresi Tn
a7tplainad br as !slats s! Mtioaa at aaieaya, !or ii U i~eaaitrlr is
sstrreaar alaatraatatia !arses r1-isb racist aarrnY ssaatrot~rd+d '~rstiwM
pol.oahssa sariaahs~ril ices s! salt alws.
l aatiafartarl- ~laa-tiea ,ar tbcr nanaw-11Y ~ apssd of snbatanss HAry
into the pLnt, as .all as a3' its uasgwl absarptioa e! asparata ions !rr a1i
s:t+raal aolutioa sea 1a tiwa oa~jr on tht apibarity s! tbA t~ypsfLaaL aarwr~
aQscarptioa sxahants o! ices lrstasaa iha rat aynbas sad the soil. !'Ls s4rit
of this l~pstLaaia ssata also is itrr abiliy to !`iic ibs praseaaa st rosi rases
pi,rwtioa sad tat anfsitiw of pleats.
Aa it tlssalva, ttr earbon aisles asaraWf lry ria4t !acre aatbrLa said
the Seas of wlcish acs, is part, aessrbad by the sell ,calla sad the bo~l+esrias
;aunt at tbs PriMila+na a! rNt Iris. Coasagxaatly, iLs lase at' sad a?at~
eta an lan9rwrtiDU sauce e! D~ f flra plan ssshan~aa 7iws trrr
aatiopa sad salsas raspastlw~y at as ~ninisab rats. (tt~'rri~caabl,, tics
taior< abaerptisa rr-paaiiy et thr cost alrsta- Lea sseraaly tlssa lasatirtad:
 .t.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
ih aaeaa idurso ~ roeb hairs oan. is wary oleea aoebaob tlith tail ccllaiial
gartialas~ tLotn lete7M a rii, of tbs acmtYaa Mbnratad bit oarbaaio Nit. '~
latter nab ~ tiapLeac the ices ataer~bae Dy bha aoii Ls inttrralfante~ 1a1~ is
partf it 1100 t1aa01nac wlr~wl OCwpOgAte Ot le. rtatility~ aOth p>:'adaasM 1M-t
ttt tAr yitnt?a aael~lisation o! its earn toot ?larmts nador coil aonditiewr,
?pturt lrtra ilea hisirr pLunta~ eairbonie acid pc ie #aatabt iata bM tai!
ales ~/ R ~~~ rrrrMaa' Ot t0ie1`Oer~IIieMe? ~eaaanal+ fbeit~r aar3~r aer waiart
itsnsbiptia~ lean ~ tetsDt at 4a tea laapitr~ riYa oSnp7Anb. ib t1c abeaac
et pitutM~ the arrn~ab c! aarben dicrrita aaaayitts trert the roil is alruya war
biota earaiiar, G.tiu p. ad l
!ha aawmb of aa~Yaa tieatta tiri-n att bt plna ~rsadt- b'1!a roalra drrl4d
,iaaatatioa is 1iYaiy bs exaaaa b#a acitlsb at iba coat a~ctws h sr-+~l tiaaa
{linaaayiah, 1lOi),
tparb lsow aarireasie soil, th.ra t-ra teasel is tba racb aattrtiaa a! ~Lurte
a aaricc o! orpaia aeid? and o1'~er eaibabaraca tIr fatal atratmt at edtialy +un it
is lmarrn to be it- riariia stops trees ~spariaaaady ~ reaao?i aswral peewntr
a! the rrai~b e! a planb.cyntftceisad tress (Dwrldee0te, 1t12f~ ~rtAlecrr iN!).
Theaa sababancas ars alas a rrlrusc et pisab iatlrrnae rapes axbaraal amriraiwaatc
bot ~feD' t6brrioau]T ari usiltsad pritrarll} b7' rtSasaarpurdirn e! the
as toM,
The peasilailil~r e! a sis:tlaarasa aicarybiwr abawrjbiea at atios sal
auiaae b7' 1~ aatlw yart of btsa rsat ayataw r Yee r+eb hairs - !s trMrstaat
b' the a a! 1ra111 a paaitia and a t:y-bita arharp ox tM di!!ti'rewt
tractions +~ the taaareabiast layer of rtateplaaa. Itara the aafhal~boit irrr~liaa
o! altimdas era plronoaeaat. the swine sells at wldsh ib Ss Oawyscad htr,la iae-
aLcobria pdmtc at variaaa p1! {tram ~ to ib,t), llsia salsa the prapettiexaab
dieaaalatiete r! amiona by oarWa tgrlua aeia{c {ai p9 bolero t!? isMiaad'it pedut),
 - 8 -
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25: CIA-R DP80R01426R010300010001-9
I'
and of cations by others (at pH above the isoelectric point) entirely probable.
Accordingly, an exchange of anions will occur is the first case, and of cations.-
in the second.
Each albumin molecule has about 100 mineral ions in its composition; among
them are prevalent cations (which, in turn, denotes a proponderance of nega-
tively ohargod albumin components).
The adsorptive character of the entry of ions into plants has been corrob-
orated in s series of interesting investigations conducted by I.I. Rolosov (1953),
E. i. Ratner (1950) and a number of other Soviet scientists, including my own
experiments (1950).
The further mobility of ions in the protoplasm is due, first, to its cir-
oular motion whioh entails continuous reciprocal action between its external
surface and the internal surface of the cell membrane. In the second place,
there is no doubt that an ion exchange is taking plane between albumin mole-
cules. Their deoomposition and synthesis occur continually. According to data
on experiments conducted with tagged nitrogen the duration of the existanco of
individual albumin molooulea in plants ie calculated in only a few hours
(Rureanov, 1954).
An investigation of cation capacity in the roots of various agricultural
crops produced the following results (in milli-oquivalente per 100 gr of dry
substances in cereals 9--22; in tomatoes and potatoes 34-38; in legumes 40-59.
Absorption capacity reaohes its highest magnitude in the tip of the grow-
ing root, i.e. there, whero the root hairs emerge under soil conditions. The
fact that the maximal magnitude of the negativo eloctric chargo is adapted to
the same zone of the root merits attention. It is curious that the artificial
increase in the nogative charge of the roots is accompanied by their increased
 absorption o3 satieas Iran oseosaai tmirsa~aae. lids ds~otutiabs a rueis.
ship batwaa plaai tntrition and photasasna o! flea olattrisal ohnrto.
!bo ahato of ipfroL?a iota. (in puooaeaps w!' Ws antics satiaa a>+s~lisa
sapaeitq in roow) in w~saL is tlw~ 11 bs N (in !n-Mtiptioa o! pLaab
d.nlopiaL oa sale solatiaas).
Tlate assiailatioa o! iemr adsar+bod 1y tha sail
Ira. b1a..ara o! t.L. OMsoib (1938) adl obls?tr aoi.t .pFOen..isw it
wnsnp tbae ita mrir typo of anitMwd soil tlasr. aro bnats?ds o! tiaM awr?
eatioas in tlas sa~anLsablo stab (arallaDL w pLab) men in t!a soil sala~?
tioa, CaW..n? tfroa selaDlo s+iasral treilisa~a latrodno.d into the soil afr
dfatrlbnead la le is ayy~ootitab~j the sago af~?s. Thisr hoswTMrr dsorMs
thae nad.r aatssal oosditions the satritisn e! onlenral pLutbr L, Car ~r ~r
~Dosin p. q1 do?amd? eo a hida dapw ea the woadltioas olsotabrsioa inea a
solntissa.
This oatswrsisn san Dw r+alisod iaty.~.a4b ~ p'1~ ot>.rp (~?
rosatiamsr ~ w tlos prssotaso o! nluhio ?lostro~r ~?1~s P'~aw
o! aiordbiolo~oal ~rsaossss) as wil u is assaiatioa with pLeae aoeMlp.
Vatil s+ooae tiaasr l0 was tahsa !or ptiaesd is ap~eoheaiatrf asd !i Lee
p2ysielop that t'bs ylaate itsol! w lasapaDl? o! dispLoitst ationa lrif tlao
sail Into a solntiear and ta.e i0 wlaelly d.poadod !or ib food on the rwl~rssai
rwatieas awartinL in the o~wrtaal oawirousat Dalds it. 1p Harr t>rMS L as
asama~latioa o! an!lisitab aa~yorlssatai data ladisatiss thab the roU of tb
plane itsol! ls.twT~ lararwat In this ~sNRtt. 2 ahaU ?ifo ?est dsM o! q
own oaporiaoaw.
na tho lirse '~a!latioa m..oil anapoasioa Dana is osataoe ~i th t!r rnswt
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
is ifs. ~.ooai srriati.r tln .a.D.ntioa ta. issl.tsd !?r t~. s..ir h5' r sr1~?
bran. ~- i?lladiy ~~t .r ..hsxh~at +~ish pr..IW.A..oataat ~ tM
aab .y.tsw xitlt th. hard parti.l.. b.arfri q th.ir itria.~ .Asoryti~rs ~loi+
.is~, bnt i.lt - p.ssf~iliyr t8r" +kL. gsassisrti.ae a! rs.! unr.tiar. tai. tlr
rs+.y.nsi.ss thrwf tM asMbrres~, as wli a+s .! rtas.ima sans. tras Yn .s.
;ynaisr to i~. r.a'Wl li.al]~, fn !h. ilsir! wriati.d~ 43n r.ob did n.b fRW'
iaba asgr r..ipr..a1 a.iioa with th. ~p.z~1M1 ~Ints..wry alid .~.r. abL '~
ab..~+1r aa?,~r th. asrnxt .t p.ts-s.iasr +Ysieh wa ..e-.rt.~ inb r .tllGmtiiil rf ?
r?wit .! gysr.}y.Sr .t th. ad.slrb.m! ar .! th...il (M psn! .o.triasr+s .~
F~rdrairsatr sast add.sl).
Zes uxgsrirgst. rriih wwi.n. ar.}s t basly, .tts, ~1s.at~ Drotwlwi~ 3.;>fda.a
l+w, fnntlr.lts rid ~ard.ss ~.~.rdrrss St ~. atgli.hsd thais ~7 a..bsLlrtrd
th. ss~..t ~.is~asiast iss ttn sis+rt .o~.ristatai r.ri1-tf..si? +s+.rir 1i4t1. sa tIn
.aossd~ and nsaall~ ssrt at ail it tin lhlrA/. Hiss Via, Q.sMM. tlri
ad.a~sst ~~sis L Ws~.rtaat ns r lti.t.r is isls...rT.rsi~a et isss
.abio~ i~ a ..1tstSaa. lto.t .r.rtf..rs ss ~LRata ar. ti. ba.i. !'a.isr t~si
rrys{l.a.lnd ~ahuad. p.is.fn~ .t th. sit. 'lln.. ~m.t3.s;is, isawrrrs snnr~
th..rt:ompst ia!'lwsw ay.a tls~ aH1 er ar~rtlsw~ aLrosrM~s! py at r ~r t_ .
.oata.t o! ti. a.t a~.t~a wills i; ? 1La ~ra~. saalrsals~ .ar~3~arpaD~ ~.ta.atrm.
i'hus~ tar imiWn+~ is ein '!' trbr s~.ria.ltN witiR .nallws aL..ta~ tiw hrl
rsaixilat.d p.ta.sians C~ ss ~` u ~-.) lr.sa a..aait. (aah..ie.r.tl .1.~-
rrsturrl.a b7 its r) frs tf,tat ..ata.f .t r.str wf.M ~~ ws.~.asi-a 3.N~
b) wh.n .ly .wtaaisi.., ,wa. isl~ind ~ vats h r ss.inyuswr tr.sa .+ailsdi.x
l.iii wd .) fm .d41nY t. tM rs.M fepnir.],yKM s! s- aq srsp.asiw rlsi.S
Bad bas is na raiyrnal a.ii.sti rS'1h 'Ih. rests, O.Ii.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Asb !? rise aoebaaiea of pltusb tesiailatiers e! eabient adsorbed ti! Cllr
spilt !hors w ti~w pesoibU rqi M rtlearimd maties~t aborbM by i1N ail
sssd of tsseir absarptiaa b esMo ~ L . a llrost esahamp by last at oat ~ ~
betaseta !bs a3oe1L {sellsidal Tssrtisb of soil) aa4 t;he saprlas+ mf reM 1Mlss
..'sa atasiar o'wl' ~ io, yrrbablp, as nalSlniy east ~ ~ titylsewrat o['
oatieao irea tlr Doll b ems~Yassie sold sadrlea by tine reM oTsbw, dtA ?
fmrthor eeatil3o oaielr apt eelnble ealb Sate the plaatt tbao DarooaYM, aa?
donbbedltr, are d lt~orlasee (altlbads aM et fnai~abal) it t1u rs;tsitisn
o! sirlsallmral otyst 4 . itala labmsaluaEs babwea so11 telabiess amd tM
sarsaee ms reM nairt, mss lls. mae ells, and bobssoa all ?olstlon sal ttil
eelleido, e+a liae Hlar aids.
2 stlrtlabe tiro !bird premmoe a deoleiw sole la ra~anlrltioa o! ~]sati
~ aeane et imberahsap absmryllea as io:~ b~ tin soil. an f~his protttt adltte~
tiw alaorTtioa it assmmgliahad b7 !!o reeipeasi aebiea et soil ead !last ^tb
disvolif "awsled a.er', bab bUrsa=h e5o telmtloa afhisl, ie! tae fora of r !flay
oasrMat3r tarrraade Umr Dell particle, ao wll sr the seM hairs la sa astia
oaM. ?c? atefASp ~atb tho 1ltnil yd+asa esaacb as rcb be ?oatldcrcd ai siriotj~
ccaciwiw.
abaNpb to slay plaab amtritisa lrma dq toil bmc~c prarcd sasaectoalal,
ctoa Gctie p. T1) i'aaesi! ib w aHcd thzt eaitnral ~3aatt w able M sieM
ssnbitiw siAstsaccc irmr ? solatlea M r w~ ~ coactabration (ab airtb4
prasase cf abcat if Na;). -rcr snc?i r cclntiars tisc root praMiealy uiscrb
sac .aMr. ~r assts a astritlw arched, bo+w+rwr, ~h of asoys L pssaStiL
o~aly iu thlt evcat tht N'bes bait of the rab eytbrt is csdt~erpd la aMcr W,
cmnoc4ucmi:~yy alscy'-s ib ~iN iadcacsstcab2,p of oalb (D. leterotitHiy llil).
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Qisi7s~r aea;iti~ q Do taasr7 alga ar+!cr Sc~triol air~lagoo. it t~
aaii t~8 anlia ~...^~i.-~ glob. !e?-roacr, aro rton in rsb~loab,
elea6 cite qtL^-a tas aoil. as e!a Doaia c!' iab:.sabt~~ IE~rm1,
aboorba olca ~it~1. S31o aepco4 !~ asb ao Fo4 ~eoivGd curlisietst atr~,
a1lbesyb l0 ~ Cc4iLStaiy bxn d~tacL=Q art =e~rts t3ta glop 'eta c~
s'Mab Le ab~cG ti ~slinib (7tcsiinit), ~"~illoaita ne_l by all t..,""a
mart=at t et ao11o~ eod aoila, asdpe3soisa eci Diaa'~ aoilo (Gl..~...~:ii,
iDLl ar! oi..*-io)? L'rs~a, F~xsF~tryirz la~c~'iq^o eaaergtioa b~ tti:3
aoit io soyetd (~ar~C~lol?oMi, lib). Fq r.~...,.~Cstra, b~vcr, tb~ t~`'..rlCal
abeargtioa t~- t~ coif !o oloo t~- gsod. t~"~r~o o~erption et Ca
aoltaria oai4 aaioa L7 bonteaib (Li:t3Ca, iw~), a2ld tlb tt~iole33esi CSt7'Ab
obaerptian bq ~T:.a bLys caii (B~, USb) >~ aloe bcca aotedi dots ea a2ay
adaargtica d !!~f ablcrlCe aaiaa is oiae reosi in liborotasa (Oclsotid'1, L7).
l~sro to t? t~~3o b a.,.~-~ Wst tbo rpaMriea iss gLub naaiffixati~a of ca31
adaarbod eaioso is to Frlgigio diatieat ttr5 t~ cae':sni~ et ptiaa C,,,--sir
iintie.t, I ra in Ccronatratloz tltio ~ Ctal,~ ct~st, Ab, arm t:,..^"tn
aad l~taca !n as osvir~ai gsaotieslxyr dwal~l at colto in a oelatAlrs cb",o,
aimed sii izt r.,,:so Lzt~roCeeM !n a4aafbod terms.
L`.~ot coii o-~i4l~s, tEo edae~+Desb qt~~ t:llb t!~ ~ le::T C~oe3
as 0 oar d rooII tw qb opt elatrcr ate! ~7 tie ao anco ern ~,.1
qlb. !!~, !tit is3tarwse, is ca 4 dta eab oa tb~ eaitias~l t:.Jr
pt:>Zae111M nail q C`a "~" oolMtaa in t~ C~aC~ Tames n oc ~ariocn d n
41tro~a?~;b~,-~sl~s l+crliuers is to r~ et eaito at1 is a cba
et aelse?~toco c~,c~y~Qic's yx~exfl ~ tailcaics r~aib r
 sr ts~tL-
lisrr
~ itt rsrn
.t .ala
~ to
a~sAse1
aeatt
a+aitt ......................
ii.l
t0.l0
!0.M
trt~rtrr..... , ..............
u.t
ts.a
fa.4
assin ,sax~raf ss ,q ?t ~
~r..... ....................
r:o~ ... . . . ............... . .
aM:a
srs.~
~.~
:ei.a
sr~.t
~r.a
c...,.....,...........,.~..
u.~
+sta
tas
Rrithti .t alr.Q:ist rsots is 6r?
~.f
S.~
i.!'
~ a sou ........... . ...... . . ..
ae.is
?,~-ss
~.~-t.~
~retia~s rt tmr small sills ~ palsas tsi2sd ?a te~t'iterar~
tr~mr~esmt ioa a..il~eilltT t! ~e-is. sstroms aes ram bwr the pttRrui oeaaLsios
tlea~ t? l3e-tL its.it is .atixsfj .?~atiU aS asette~ ions rl~aa+ast ti!
+s~riroaesaE I.sawl ista ..olntim. atd a ..ssai2stiss; tats.
of otasr r sus a~ ~latae aaZritia- y~i.. +aelsh afri,t rsartiao. = sisll
asw21 kri~r ~' .a t~ tsilarits~r 1) isllaantn at ssi3 asili~r t~ g2arie
aal< si~erar~ai,... f) . i) is~aressw of stare iar
~aat siat{ritirr. G.~itt P? n)
ssa i~st 4+, +~ sDiaiwa ?. ~rswt tr tio. ~tisrb tl..t ..ie ros~sfsott st
soil itsalt gas at 1r~itiw ir2M ra,r sip xa ? tatrii aver finr tY+tr!
awii~t4~tfan,, Y irt+r aliiri+d IMit~ a aaade:aaee of eatlsa tatr~ late the p]aae is t'wr tlrst sases ad d
saioa is tie aMOad, re@-sdless of tie preseaee a! shiswpnsrio atlsrMiryaalest
that then are the rswlb et ib intlnerse whieb is se sneh dissaased Dy the
adharaaa of the 'bisloyi~2 harriar't Cr sko~:ld petasaiua be ased, sna tnes,~
it tails b tore stat2s eoada Pith or~aLe vea~a~al. eitAa is a3areme bMies,
or is plaata, sad Hastlsallp tiiata la Deth eases if- leal0 tarsi Ta shah
oa~enad tern saetrslad br siur~ar~aYs?r? oe~ll! Wan pbtaiaias ioae, +Iaa ie
ewer the plaatf
i'3aae asftitiom dth siasral salb has 1ssA dsse+aatraeed la esparitaata
adeT uaspUes abaesae K ais~Aor~taiwe. !'lsa4 assisilatiaa a! 4OaSi~at
rtitro~pua is stsrils salears sNia ase tine detaaetratad b7 1.t. ~a:t..!- '
ae the ead a! tte pese eaaera~r. taer =.d. fhoiaa {Iru} sas aseeesstal~j
p~v+aina ylaat. w sslejt a aLuzal sale die! aad safer stsiotlp sbriL
smxtitisss.
Foss ssne satbea (tar iastamse, Da'Miaaitii, 2181} treae the sesdss
oi' 3.1. thrlee+s eiperiaaab as i! hider plants srre aapaDls e! sstaLtl~
thas.slrss in rstsr srti> etra in the atissaas et darbsrgairs, true abet e~
ate seprirred ee tale eapasiR7- .wren soil eoeli+Sw, sea. their .bal. err
seaseaaty esrresdM t~ slerotlaea. te, aarstheleee, ... isarerbd a,~a
!a ehe asppt d w irinsipls of ta. prMl.at Its in tho prasao o? 2nn~
mineiws alb pb-aM haw dst+elafsd a .apasibr to sssitllaa siar~ral salb
thrash the roeb siehese tlra asaistauas et la..e srpaiwr aad ba+f reesiaK
tats espasity a! b awe than Se is taeliah is ae+de twat theT eili art sN
tale epparbnib d~ asd h..ty seder a~ esnditian +ot their hubitae,
dab of trw tepetraals tlss wlti~aeM plaab !bd esalmie~j ea
 microbe excretions, denying in essence the role of mineral salts, assume
silently that root nutrition is realized actually at the expense of some
sort of organic compounds. In this connection, one should recall the more
accurate of the experiments conducted up to now in the nutrition of higher
plants with organic substances. G, G, Petrov published back in 1911-1913 a
paper stating he had succeeded in demonstrating in sterile cultures that
maize shoots assimilated asparagine nitrogen, a series of amino acids and
even peptone, although in a much lesser degroe than saltpeter nitrogen.
I.S. Shulov was working during the same period; thanks to improvod technics
of sterile cultures, he grew maize and peas for a longer period of time than
did G.G. Petrov. I.S. Shulov confirmed the assimilation of asparagine nitrogen
by these plants, but lecithin phosphorus had proved completely unavailable
to them. In containers which had failed to retain sterility, lecithin, on
the contrary, had proved a good source of phosphorus.
L Iater experiments conducted by Ghosh and Burris (1950) with sterile
cultures of clover, tomato and tobacco shoots in utilizing tagged nitrogen(N15)
slowed that the first two plants can, in part, assimilate nitrogen from amino
acids, [Begin p. 74], but that the third one lacks this capacity. After trac-
ing the order of nitrogen consumption by shoots from various sources, these
authors arrived at the conclusion that they first utilize reserve seed sub-
stances, then the added ammonium salts, and only in the last instance the
amino acids added in part.
N.A. Krasil~nikov demonstrated that a series of such complex organic
substances as intibiotics had entered the plant through the roots and migrated
 to tb oartcoa Cs'b (ScalcEina Iesiroo). ib:a Lsob is itsoit io Tcrt iat~C.:ti~.
~ovor? t*.o ca4111ty c! tb aobatas~ea i~!laatrd rz-af.e~d anksaaod ait..s, tae
pinata+ abnigo~ it cae bean peraiLie ~S ~^.ca ts~ tad net eocu sra
in tho ayatkalie grcZ~a. Fsy;.ritwnb oc:sG;xtci t7 s.s. Dcidreo is l4~t~
r_+iso a1tA ~2soe^o icd t~ intcotiq e! tae plas4 (pcraea~l ropert, 1~5).
!hero cro SaGicstior~ o! tom, !~z~a c! tks pry c.,~~ eM vi,ty.
m~ eserotrd b~ rtcaC:rpa~e~ !ra plaato, ~.G. Eholotspf ba dicnoe~sG1 0~
cvt o! +.o2xtllr~ tsiordo c~sotiasa chioh e n bc~tieiai iutls~ qq
'coat p~ovt5. C~crt=.~b~, tb=7 fro ratio ca i~ct bps 3tcor~tlp4bd L..^o t~jr.
1~e? it ca1C b crro~ !a dca,~ ~ rola d eerhla apclo o~--*"~
ib root r~tritita t! ~i~r i7tsels. A..rt d '~ CeSzt~o c~ bb ~.LGi
Prod~ota ad trsitti~hrssin niarc!].csn. It caa24, b~r~ bo nlta~ c.^~~ Ce
i~eoYO ts1~1 ta14s C9 tb Y:Aio nr3 tsitl ca'.sd C! room 7attitica et C21 C~
oalto~oi eroy. '1'h~ !^..,.~ Cwt rhisor,....?-ro tslcrrsierso is o! nolo yesit.*ro
ir~atrr..~o !a grsst atrilina elsmld ba reoo,~sia~ na c~lly e~,~aoliw.`Ia.
Zt caeaid ba ~ tbt nt t*a tua P. T-a~la ariti+oiae:l t5a liai~tic~
atd es~ld~~ is t'a 'at~lo !or csiob...~^-o" !a Ps~.ie~o t~-, I~ ~".~
lLat ?tao Tcali~aY caticx at li*iA; bolas lmiC.~s a~aoic-a and ~-~c-....si~~
oocnenatioa~ c~ ts12 ea n oeWoie~ t:~ ntes~eicaa o ~~ o" (Ln~olo. F.,
D3Alaotica in cl~o? 1DCA, p, L"J9).
ib oo~ ca r.^ra tT'~tt a~-^rotia~ is tb rrai,,roc~i roLztio~ d hi,~ yL^~
os~ ~.tna~ea'i0 atexJ'lere la t b dial~ti-.:: e! tII~ir resl rc2.:tir~.
Loa !! alarc'~ F-a~i!!o os Air p1'sats ems, E-3'ti,,~larjP, as tbir Lib
egab r.7ro Qi,ce~, ca eE,itsiea o! n Dgitivo erefale~a o! oa;a r~?
 pasnaitea io, est:rnUy, a dress era;,~esatica. Intoreycaitie roaiyroaal
rolsriom aso ray cgliaet~? Co Aare et ~r diepanl a eattiotemt ~C7'
of taots 3aatifyia; ~ naetrtioa tLat a nnigr~ ot:a,~lo ter a1~oi eslb
i'lOAOClStl)r ty~'C3 p2aco Dotcaroa hi~r plnab and rASLr~`O CSQY'OCT~.
!h0 bielo;yesl CbCesptica et esltpatcr na3 tA7 Cslta et ~ said by
diera"~sas is t2r~ abac~a ~ ht~s plants hard crca in tbir p~oxstoo) Ic~'a
iao usCRilabUi~ et t9ie nitro?-oa acd ~ to naiaallaxn2 saran !'ar
a canto cs loo c ^^ parsed.
!ho loot Esb ca ospcricaata cith protosea cd baatcria ta~oQ cit'r S-~-
pheaaa (per) e~idosxso !Lit ~7 tco tay as icoipsifieaat part et tb ~.,-~,"~~s
abaoaDo4 C3,ES et t~ ori~+1) Dean in twa lrirt5 ~or~atioa. Adreo~,ic"2,y
3~ et ess~ ~ of cal otct~-tion os hl~r plants Qso to tsicsC_~,~ aico
tlzatio~a a! tsois uir..~ral fad o].c-ab. 4plo r~nitpt~ it~lf ~]iioSi~
+nhsn ~rrsl, c~saio ~t riAl+ is oaliolpo, bat pees is aitroiea exo
! Sab t~ ooil. Thin oxZl~d eoditiora tar sears !'isatisa at
oslabfo Deis nibrovca a7 eellalcao Coo~csit~ bsettrio. Ito a roc~,t, a1Cro~
atareatioa Deb Sn !es him pDaato. !1~rcfcro, it io rid~tlr rca~d~l
tt~t tiao~ trsA"ica et tertiliedr plsac~oats ors ae~ieatiea of t+7Dea Do orro~
ao ao to zk"o atritiva aetutasaaa ~rro aeall=~lo to pl+ata o~! l~ to c4gr~p.
(Dogla p. 70)
Yer tb yar~o et Eeargalas rlerd~ !ir'-tlca et cSr~rnl enlb eC.^c~`lax
to planW, 9.A. ~3111wM l04e~fII'S03 t`...-^ t sspaio na4 aizetal telLillf.G,"0 bo
~riDlis~ air..~lt~-^~oly, oacrniay tlYtt arLscie ~tsraca vonld acrro oa n C~
of tod aed c~r~ td tb, aies~erpaieas~ ado Cao to tfsle~ tl ealq
uonlQ De Caao ['al~r a:eiIIlletod A7 t!m plaata?
 D,1, lfdaaishail~r- eapMsissd tit tale et flee er~taie wbtaatoes et raraers
in tl~e ia?rerraelt of tla pi~geietl properelp eS esil, la etieiat, tseir Nsert~
'!h- sapeelty tat salter aetlea shlsh sreatr a tree tasereble baa>t~xai t>r the
aetiaa ei sirral lrrtiiisess, Lpase lraw tssiy M stoles t5at ~ppl3satisx et
aarast .zerb ~ latls+eese also sa tla aderrslelsiistl teti-iq~ la aeil eaii
issreaees the Nppit of ees~-aaie asi~ !~ plaate. Pritatsffiiksf sa~ea.isst
that .sziaal ylslis ?sse sshissed b the ssasidetiea et rr-o~re aae siastal l~ti..
lisere shieA s~7,y wpllits p]atb hits asrisik-le toed Sa the brit stNpa e!
tseir d+geleyM7ti tad ?tattitarsona~ preRaese t re?wse et autritir+e sesetatwt
1a tM fors st aswri wRlss p+Nr}ilf 1~sewu estiw...? '~Q'~~l+r 11H~
y. Ni11 tea pewetisd gielbetiarr etre sa p. 6l! oat r!'O), lsrhspe 15tistdaintibs
sae pgisalee>t tide is ache shit hs agiste teat ?ae sstt+w hw Qwt the /girds..
ties ?t sinesai tertiliasrr zs tke aeaatar. ertwrs sell aRSr lwe i1r i~rrfasN
to ea..t tM priripr2 tartiliseea la adrLreitsrr' (aar~ ~aeretl, p. ii).
rtti. pla~-t scat se hietagiieal~r ellyted to . steaNIe, tae aet aair w
sc~aiitatlst dts rtisrlegisud.ae. It le sew~lt w reeti2 tae itetssisZieZ
prvpsrtip cs p'lsst ~aiss deraatsateA m7 lselet sier~bielejirb {~riahaetia;
196th ~? iKli =areas~?, iN~l Ltaate'e~w, 1N0j,
we !s .a assasalatsrra et t~.eta +esiss satieat. the .apa.igr d Rs~
Ditatr to saves nrt estin lrgiaesb~ ttsaa~ tss rests alto tiye rstsrrl etirirss-
wtA. Ii b pessi0ls tint welt Se tEe eearss st floe des?aree seise Msayess
es'y-aie ens+lMsesr aee releeae elweSts et ais~rti aatriLisa (1~r+.iaha firer).
DeM thle ate isiisaM /bt the bpsstetttelr o! M~ plaab sa siero4e Isrrer
tietn fie set a. geelaw tae ast eo soipiew as tisrtliree D7 w peresa io b
.aweaatretias Nat vitsert siereses wr .esp. !e set aseiadlats eyes the rs>br
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
sails t'tAr- si~ansl lsrlilissrst
7al, ~! sr~ iYs axial ~sf #atist.~srr kris ? tisml 1t+tss~ Zia r~s1s, tat
ibsir saarisilsa 17 ilrs resin sy rrll ?sy1
ssLtrsbs tsirssltar sat d ttgsl.gC oei ristsr tl+w4 ssrlrtiM. [srst~ali
A~slis, 2lbl, ao. !.
11+ [lot11? Y.fi., ibais4tlt-ia, A.~ Ctedy s! pt:asp7r.Lrls~ sst~pfisn
in sslL r11Y 1~s a!/ a! ?istlpie litjlowaon4 rwatlem. Dsl~1.
l~ ~. ~. 1r, lro. S, ifbl.
ft. IIooR~nxtil, Y.1. tad fkaristsbtds, s.t. ~srstisc st tms rolo si'
toa~aeCO salais~ ss pbospisits~i~s lfa~tlsa is ooib. Dail, 1.i tom,
~. T0, s-. t. 1fiY
li. I+~lsss-, i.I. l~lssrptioa setMtp d costs aae !SS rsl+otisasSip di1
sra-itastsatt-1 asaditiass aaA pIskals d pubs
in tiaslis~ ttrtritl~a a~absisssas s! Ilya rail shish aaanr is ii !a
sa irsslsbL slNs, 1fOtt s. 7, Cagsrati,ra sstiaata of tln saru+C
a! C0~ aaartst by tt~a rests d nostM, Darlsy aal tfoa, UOt.
la. nraeii'asser. rte. rlss~ rsot assiaihtin ~ the ps+ea.a d stilsrM~s
..tLrriy. tb~l. is if37t, ., ?, ae. ?, iKl.
lb. li~il?xihar, ~.~. usL ee niot4lsrMaisss is esspplat~ial pLa4
trttritfalt. ~yslihi f bislsjil, t. Yi, as. i, lf~.
17. >bsiy >.16 aeM rlea't rest assSailatioa Qr asr4ea htiw
' Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~~~ i6
4Fi ~k11, N i~~ '~1'i ~ ~i +~~ ii
y
r
ilaai.i D1tk1. ~ G#8i, ~, !i~ aar? i, ,iii.
10i ~t ~..{i. ~w ?f~rras i~lt3.l~ldr at g4sn$ aaiY1111~1~~1 !~
ab~ stciNaFl~ ^if~ asil se~tiala. >h~kl. ~ ~$r f? 'd+i,+ mti ~Ly i
~. , ?. L. llatst zrD aorl ita taL is ~. ~das~ir'ia~.s>rr ie
gl-iYb ~rr~ltsss? iCavr~kl+I- ~a Rte; wrili-'Jtlali ~ t:, ,iii.
:Y= ~ran~sf T?D. host r~atarktioa et p]satt aad ie# 9[>s ~ irtt+e~*
t19i~pr. frel+t}NSiia~ 1LKi
xi? ilr~]dGrr, !~?!'. b !xllasara ~ '~ 1+is11~ ?i' i~ ail ? Irr~lt
Ot that tioi ~tiaa~s. 1ResFer9~3i< ~-.p~aaaalxr, 1lMLii te. ~.
xi? iti!ti4elaxp~ii~ t.i'. 0lali. r+a~tl+as aei prairth a! p~t~, 4 !/1`~*ay
+
aa. ~ Li, ~iTN
s
,~ lii4.
~'ltr~Iltit+ 1E.7, i'~1TA'ltili#~ b! twlarlll~a grgdpt#s t>i'a>r. N~iaa
is gam. i1. a~1`.S~ ~.~. l'r3aala?lmik+>~+>~*~ ,1q0?
radMti+mrtaltiY, ?.Y? flan,: assi~,Ia4~,ie~ ft palra,Yl~ aMgl {rtlur~ lalrt
!'ram Iut sNtarMi ri-t~. gxAC. ti~4, 1lii.
~ittl~aa iaak ~a i!]i?
~'!. ~'f'~ D?ll~ Wiia1? COILMOl~Ntr ~' t ~ilMlil
2i? lbttarti iii. Xli-m# aaaisf3~tZam isd s11~irNs4t ~nrwis~. ,i~3oa ~.
gsi'F.ar ~r steri,la ~ant.ttiom~? 3itra~stlla lrsf~ s?~,
aaatr ad.' tha i~4 tlrl-1 ifaial~ ~alatt>sar pa>t'! ~ Ltd,
,i7F iiii~ ~tiT.
T' H? ~r'~-~x~37drrj 1.1r, ,ate.,, oai, `~.iisssn xf.~. [r
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
.. -~ ~,
~~IRF
~~i~:' _~a3~s~~s
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
j ?~ ? s ~ q
'~tNettr3~tioA ~=71;6
{~ ful2)
bq/!t
3lss'dahu2~isah,~~C1w fit., n[td ~tiwts~ d. ~.
Fosforar~nniaha~lde F=`el~~'~Y lrnut~ire~etital'stogo
~rurakt~.s-'srdna~o 8ai~tv3is i, plrab'I~7f~ ba~'b~r r~
eosu~shchirel. ~re8iteliar~i n~;3rhl~ipahatnike>
(Or,~eSc p!~oxiihorue ~repe~tiaclt o! :idtra~Icer~t
~.aeeatiaidal aotioa az~ prst+lem tsi' acs~tro'~1-irra
eucMa~ paste on od'rtan)
ar,~d; ~ubi Ar~ti4hrkoS '~S>i. . 13ia1.:i 8el''ek.
~~, val, s, na, ~a, . assa~lso, oat. 29>5s. ~o ate, .
{~ ~~en)
,.
Skuaaeeaea w"hioh iKire aohitaed in the lit ~eairde is the field of
ahsmiaal saeAae far the cn~itro~. of har>APuI f.esnecte, ~tde it paoeible to
? re~iee eaot~ ahtl to ioi~ tram diffioult Isrdb'lemli ~'ar the Isrr~teotion of
~letite. .
' Cre~ticn of nseatiaideo lro~n thi griaug of ohlari.nttefl h~o-
~aRrbore aospilider~h3~? ltiftad the `rble of tho 6ha~el.oal seethod on the
?~etserai i^ralsb of fiche tai higher ~rie3.de.
are of t137t +-sa6 of hexalshloraG,n in the i~eiui ' ealve~ 3n
a ~ai.tive sts'tineY, the prc;iblem of cantrol of Ite'iian ,loouat~ of xe~enoes
leai'~~21~~ (F,~ipidagtbrs~,, ~'cz^~iaidas , ofslfal~. wrawli ~ names' .,
1
~eesor app3,e ~~rrn f-athonoe~us_ ~tr>~a,~- _~ 3~. ),~ et a soup of aatwar~a ;ffiotta"fu
(17a~tieei _~? of ~eate Hof gags#s~bla wnd saelgn a>s b1' putput at ttie e.~,S ~3DS' darn oompz'irrd durit~ the brat duitirsg
1?p k6 per ht dnrltzd ~e srEaond darting ~g kg and: during the th4,Td at#!
taurth agylioatioe g0 kg per h. 1~rrsmte at aaxaiua~ hart alga takata for
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
f
ao>bpRr~,sacc. 2Rkind 'eise0it snd sr,~9,nRtiaa bt t1~e in1'asta'tkon ~' oattan.
by 3`e'~anyohur ors 1~e~~k. ~aRe ~Eeoa by a tr~pa4.ut syet~a. `CoEEern
leRVes, ttie sariaae of trhToh w+s (ug to A0~) oaverea b~ aa2onies oP
usixs Rred by brt'ISrn egatM were girea R $aitxt i srarkiesd, Feint 2 ~+r
divan erhen tme intes4,Rtian reached 20,K, peinb 3--up Ee 6(~i Rihd~ 4 xhah
the surtRes s easereQ Ec+ 7& saeE mere per aerit. Shs a nterlxsbian
vrRS !lsvel4ped by fella Z w ~, R- srhvrre :?b-a ie bhs arum,
o! fs~rgaerxn9.~er at the paittts~p ~- tks Eia'b&'~ es4unt of eouaEufl, leRV~as,.
Rpd 7d ~? use aidbe*4 pa#nE at inf+st~i:i.on.
?ha aohe~ne of Eisis +
,divan in f~1s i.
~e seen frcan QatR A.n t;b~e i, the inareaee of s~it+ss des+e3ape~d maxis
iatecWiva~y dm seCtia~as rrhiah +- dusted ~'J:tA ,# mesctr onos ws:L~
RrneaaRte of ua~.aiom, S lsimea with 1~'Pg acids i'ir.RliB, bad. 1G Rpp3lar~tiazu~
aP oRAa3aa arsasAte, ~`hia aanalueiate tr e~.8snt both !"rte dRts at
intest~t~iaax e! learroe by mitee,~ Rs we7.1 Rs by the ?auoun6 rot fisRVee whioh
rcere ririxined oa the p7Acnt, ~ shaula Hate, ishat le:lif~ng dtt et ieRew
startea iii ~:.ua oP ~adueb esn ssatians +.~-i~h ~+ege ttasEed .itTa ,o~x
R2kd ohRnded to ~4 tsilit~ Otl~' RE the en3 OP $~g$B~:
ill #t,Rrp' ~IiPf1B,~,'e11ef ~! i.nPeats-~sion Rqi~ fu Che xasmber ~ot `k'ERriN bR~
iar~an s#peraEt ve~rinrits begins trtua the seoand iv-it at Audzzs#~ gr3~r
to that time the fledsee of intaststian Rtld the niiDll;~lNr at lsRVes ati ~RiY
vrrisnts at the. ezgeri~aeni: ewe e2maek ideatie~i-
Qas sriauld ~Ysa ~teise, that with the ans of 31~ in its puss tarn,
Yithout sutfur~ the 3rutt'Aaa~a in xnambere of seiied praaeeds teach etraixd*~+
 ~iarianta cS
aa~yarimsuts
t"~x'tt apgliast
~abT.a ~,
~nfbeta~on oP oot`tdn ~ ~atrsayst~r ~rt9:~e 1~o~cH.
dua9~g6 6tusts;n~ ui.th 'CDT parlor.
~a11~rA~ 3 b~ 3 DT 1b.~S
~~X'at t*~ ~" orr6~
nata~ fnllawrl.ag $
by ins' i6.4
A],1 tdur ti~ss by
nrsanats 1?,~
11T four t'~aea by
AI1T
In trigs eser (tha ssatan~fa eeettlr"u:~er do yage 141, aftax~ table S:)
B~p,,ll~ P~ 141
~tar'L~Ta; rtith the sEd 6~ Au(?urt 1L prddUdad '~ Haar i'alllbg 6~1` O~ laa'r9~t;
buAs,~ flawsx?a sad ~~ bz~lta.
Yc axplahtt tha daursr, rrbf,oh g3w rie? td Haas ~.adrsasi~ dot
nrtiasva ~x'aoi~. (snd wtkwar ~suoldn~ pane ), n ~rgathaa3s eras ~oPtsra~t
rdddrelins; to ^hixsh IID~ sad AChAr ohlvrinatad. 3~rdrddarba?r.~ ~Qizu~:
;pdasrS'al~ rx~ar+-esafl 3~aridusl nation fxreccrer the natural sar~ser ~psi~dabo~e
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
6 ~
aG 'adt~.ba aS '~ha pradatnrs and .parsait~+~ ~.~ st?atnevsd, i>rh4cls @.
ee .a ;ipdsu~.t of th:LR the sutural; uaaDe~abe&e is dl:ia%^~agtca8 e>i~ 4hd ars
and pssiicta~.t?rn~) o? thea6 ~:nneata,, ,rare t'hr~ aaiaaa ~g their aa8e .d?.atruetiEnnp
in nzperlsmsat~ ~t2i i-ph~(iss ~ ,not?ei 'the de~a~xuc4~6 i~,luena
`mould 'hairy ssht~okrrd 't:.he ireas ilev~lopmesat g? Miblt3ssg gesba. ~t~1'l.i~:s. ~;6~38,
t3atst~~s dal,,. m~hiah, ~.~, kur opaY~ozs.r pxoduvef the iixordii~ae ~h [uamb
as 'bz~aao +~nti a~'b1}a~ra*; when tT~.eeo ~ei~ ~Euetvd 'with Dll'!' .far
tkio cozitroi ~? uphdG~ e~~t'htu~;h nt tA0 bpg3.nniag there ciao a de#'3ie7.~dr~
pesxra+~atec~ i~ss d~dlisseke to ~t6haaga Ladd t~ cab'Tia~a eiQh9,ela.
l.~L isopov '(8Ji F'.;~f. iTagesire"k3i X10},~ attd .sai~q~y atfser~ cam to
i#ia~l.Y de6truotivs ~i!a~h t7f 'tiei"Ci9ID~ b1~e ^~h9y etl*4 ~ii~tlLy1 tgX~q
tho sa~xi .raonolueon, ~iaortilaig f:o ~.1P. As~#.ass tll; SAT aad tt~, ~h~ah
ire ,u~efl rie c4uetd ~~ in rn~:xi9ral?oilY` es~.ilal,r~sts Css evtitrrn~ 3.nar0a~
o ;gr~atos~ a~ ~t#~as. A ~~,l~t tatfi37.ty d~ t3T3't' e.~2 .a'F ~HEi~eE~ ~.
e
the ToL~ran~hum uu~^~. iaa~~ Rio. ooh. db+l3s ~ttit ~ri~v~n~G their ~rtm~h on ap~is!F~h-,,.
9iec$u~rri -s~ a iCraat^i~ pGwerftxl .afP6at on ns~ftil asstiirSetq of 'the pz^a8at~~.
thin ~hssso~tsiosss t#eep ark e~larf.fyin6 the sus #:iaa~roaee 'in is+rs~ier8 ~~
sa3,tee (arid, othbr ausskSrig peets ). It a~,e tlssb fsI7~ ,oad ofther rSfil~r~
tinted 'htsa~sNbosia, biairsg pbyrdio~oalcalTy aat5.va ~su3~its9~aerr.o cah dfriatst$y
ai'r'errt the ~ilo:iato oha tAri pro4ei3~ .a~ tsiitrltt~+tt~ ae a rA>3ult ,tip ~ti9ch.
7aorm f~vo~bS+a bonditiQr~ aro ePea9F~ed ?~ tise l;ssas"rtooa Gi' auo~9n~ pas1~.. .
tiara xaa ~aoss~'iroaa+d 'tiy seasiy 8uparishegtal:.i1s?xi a? a~viet tend;
rigvu >4eaohere
;~uL tFso tisueet reise~ri~tie~ lzsisa Eh6t Odng~ili 'br~pg dut ?ueu fauD?~..
', Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
f~
8].bstormeyer un~i Rsennsseri TSl, xrhile mt~dying so$1 inseatiaidvs,
havr ttat3ord that DDT, ttexaohiax~an, liresl~a, e~ldriA, and a2ilarimlanr,
trhen iatrodnaad into thr soS1, #n hish norms; st~3.exalate the mesa itugreasti
in nuanbrrr of Tatra chug bS~naaula en bduas ant patataea. ~+ith a
norm of app3i4atian of 119 panlzeSa sn4 avrr of ISDT par avrm, potato.
piantr prrirhrd a'ltagrther i?rsre e. ;Wads inarraee in numbers aP .ra3.ter,
~+harnar an t3am usigk3mr'ing esctivA, where DAT xaa floc iAtroauaed, the
pladta savelflpdfl gu3.tut normally and trace teat infested by cited. TPtny
dxpls.iA thief by fhb Pact that A1J1` stud ether ehlorinatod hydreaarbatia,
r-}ien intraduord into the aa3.3.ve a.nPluezeao th9 Yutzitive proooes of plazsts
shifting the 'AiaahdmiQal prtsagsara iota a paai'~iaxa which ie i~vorablq
to the mesa inerease in :ntmbera of es9:tna,
~.A. a~sgalav ~7~, studying the influence of ootdit$onrr OP plant
Pending on the prnpegation of atir~g$:eg-making prsts, oamea to aanplu-
diva, that tbGe initial and eliaiding mar~ent of the heightened propApatian
aP stitsging-rucking pests appears to bo the state of matalaaliaig in the
data-agard. plants. Thn frxet at mae~ props+gat$aA it;sdlf of ;Sir est~,ngine,?-~.
euolCin~; peatu {aphids, same iubect8, mites, a11$ ea oA} ahouleitsl itsseotily
but also in the ohrxt~e o1' the Peeflisag pros#ss. This aotsolusicn ie cant
l1T9M-d ~+~lea ty an iitorease of the absolute racesber of pivdat~s~ ~an ii7mtste,
which esYrr in!'ested by ral.tas ae a result cf repsatea use of DD4'y this
was ottr~n isroeerfrsa by ur on cotton.
~taiaE with ash explatsatian cz` this phsrsomenon; an unitispnted iwct
~ ttfnt es wSde sad repeated nee oY chlorinated t,ydrooasbona br9.ttgs
shout n ^mass propagatSots ~sf herbivorous sdbs and of other stinaing-
stroking pests# atsA thi# is what ssa8e it t3ecessary to rearott ;got active
ens eT conf~ol of this &ragp of pestw. t1t' late ~ectsy ohetaicat. cr~spoutsds
(chl~inlstsd ttgdrooatbonr, .sulTaric acid esters, organic ;phasptsatms anH
,othusr s) iiigie syxstYreaied and studi+d.
l~is~ anot~ tsswrUt~ts ootrpounds, wtiioh utsd~rsvsnt totticolcgiaal ~~a~
searctsea., orgaRio phosphatrs ors isolated at grsaaat t5ne, (tleffiitt ~~ l~S~
lieetty of Yr'l+i:oh produce both thr inreoticidal aad the ataarioid~sl aet'iots.
'For 'the ootstrol oi` euokitsg psits erpialalYy vaiuablis are the pz~rptrR
aticas oT intt~p, lant insectiofdal aotioa, or as ttbay are sotraitiass oallell
 eystemia inaectiaidbb.
lnssetiaidas xhiah havb a truly infra-plant notions xhbn ~troduobd
into tho soil ar applied to arty of the plant+s part, enter into tho plant
and arb serried into all of Sts parts. The treated plant can reaa.in
toxin to the inasats Por quite a Zong while.
The meahaniam of the activity of organS.o pho~ophorus preparations
of the intraplant inseotiaidsl notion acoorditag to asadern op3nian [8]
can bo pr9santbd in the .fallowing manner.
~tnterii?1{; into tho pla'ntb, thes? oompounda produce moieoulgr nfm?
pibxea xith the ferments. After auoki:ng b9 insects of the plant~a ~uias;
which also contains the molbcular compleXes~ the converted phosphnrio
said is transferred to the vitally impor4snt ferments oP the insoot (or
a mito],, and is attach?d to the pZaas whinh is normally oanupied bg the
unconvorted phaepharus, thus producing a spsoific toxin effect.
This type of iasectioidal aotion~ in our opinion, presents the
groatsst interest for the control of aphids and wits on oetton at the
'present phase of dovslopmbriL? of entomotoxicology.
Beginning with tho gear 1968, xe canduoted'ret~carches in order to
study the passibility to use arganio p}iosphnrus preparations o? iatra?
plant insbeticidal aatian for the control of oottnn pasta.
Effectiveness of meroaptophos and oatemethyl xith an intenaivs use
of L~DT ras of bpealal Snterest in those rabearohes. With this paint
S.n viex in 1865 x-lde produotinn experiments xere arganised in Artashatskii
lraion oP Armenian 38Tt, in a kollrhoC nimeni lCaana^ in Tealrhkstihen village.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
. ~
Ganaentrater of iaex~aaptophwe aad of oetssnetb,~rl ~nrre tasted in
thsa? ezpersaseats~ they ti?re reooirad by ua.Sn aonformsna4 to Fn ozdeY?
ira~ the interdepertmsntzl oa~eeiaalon on. inaectafud~i.oid+s Sn the
~eetlen of Plant Prateatlan 1ffA8Rh1iTL.
CAnasntrate of msrcepteghaa ("sburan," ayat~) eantRineQ ffit'~ 4f
S~ b~tet (ethgl~mera.pisoett~r3.-d*~athyl'tS,og'hoArpha'b.) ..nd ~'o,K of e~
bomste~* aubstenas ~-~. The bonaantrate had ~ pt33awiah ogler.
the aor..aentrate of aatemethyl oantsined !sl3.9t~ cf the 4etitire bases
(oateamethyltatremida of pyrapheaphorio said) of 4rcrlc brawn eelor, w811
aalabls fn vatsr.
Proesediad fraa~ prtlia4n*ry 1sEsaratoi~yytield 'and. field axperipsnta
in 195, ~ xifd b~, vw s.aaepted for >friQe field tests the fallowisz~
oanaentre~tians (by rrei~t)e eueroeptaphaa-?0.4b snli A.lxs t-o~esitiiyly,?
a.l wnd O.1Syf.. ~.~mr aor~aebtratiana;, iu our tests -rith cotton, pro-
daaed varphologiaMl ahandsa, broenints on the surfsQe, an8 eaeaeossa7,lg
a fulling off. of leaves.
ftpragia~ wag done ~ e, trsator.enaunted aobbitset#an bf duwter-~
(pectin q. ldaj ad~rKy+r-4~DIt. Getton +rea da;ted ~e5.th ADT powder daring
the aeegen !ar the aontsal of ohex9,ng y~ests. DDT powder wxs Waed
ttgethir ~PiYlt groumi iNlfilr in ft ratS9 cf' lrl. DustS.g6 vas alse dare
tsp the E~Dir< mxahine or from en e.irpleuse.
1'izat eprayins of eettan by arercagtaphaa sad eotessethyl vwt
done it1 the ta*.di91e a! dune, tAe ~eaeand one in the m7:dd3.s of July. "t'he
ttaza~ cf output of the Yorkf,ng aoYutian xse~ li0G-6QQ Y per hs Por the
lust erd 7,t-fP?80~Q l far th? seaaad' sP~3~Wd? l~alysulfids of ealeiual (O.b~t)
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
i_.
oottan apf~ids ~rhet~ taprsy5.ag them ta$ether with the appliaatian of 6YF
e~ttan, with and ~irdiaut an adnizture ai sulfur.
!'ho first expsrimen~k ass stxarted an a eectian xith a ~cseeral eras
abeut 1'0 ha. f/ariety-~146?f. First epra~in~ with rxxroaptophoe and
potamsthyl yeas done an dune i8, taw eeaos~C.?.JUl3r lB. First duetinx
with U~~ posvdur, mired srith eulfbx. vase c4oae by a OItIJ smahiue en dune Sl,
f~ebond?-26, the third,, Yraa an a3rpleni; nn Jua? $!3, the fourth,' .fifth
?qd aiscth dct0tinial'rrna an airplane an l~8 n! Au~tuat and 8optmati.r 7.
~ narr~ of !rx~tput of QTJT nizture with eulPur tar the first ~ust5,ttg
#0 ~6rr and for the Sollarriax apptSaatiatu Sft ~3 per ha:
Calculation and evaltantian of infeestatiane of aatton by '~etrassYahus
tl+reness of sueraaptophae in relatioc~hip to Ta~hua urkS:aae pooh.
ahd sulfate of .aiaotine {0.7~) wary Fasten we atandan9*.
17iaa21 te8t nlaaUp~6$ fraae ~: 6-a '? ha in the eCttan plan'bstlaa. ?~MO
basis prable eraxti to ~.e anewred by thxae experimenter lj t4 seta-
biiah a oamparat~.we fSeld-~af?eatScogeaq~ at ~mesraaptophas and of oateta~o'thyl
under aos~d~.tiozse of aids fioid~ezperimente= 8) to inveMtigate tk? nffea-
nrt~ i~ ~~och. artat Yak '+~phS.da ~raa dens aoaardi.r~ to a fi?p~rint e~sla. 1!'~nr
ctr?ry repl.3oation of aae3~ varriant of tale e~~rs3ment 100 tc A60 p9,ants
of cotton mere Mariaated ?sn a diabonal lice of the seatS,oa; dependi~?g
an the mixa of rho eaatian.
xt uehauia be said that at tho moment of t'hs first bpray;ttsg by r-
captdphos ans1, by aotxsaethyl the expsriuental eootian e~ae faferted to a
median degree by the oottan aphid (A.Phi6 +sag eppli G~,ov)a s*hi3.e T~1Lra,hit8
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
u1~~,e ,1~1Sr ~a gTra03Dit~r~ily ~'blilSt.
17ze asatarms esid the rerulta of heir sx~+arlarent rxs girsn Sa talz~e id.
Thr aopond expariavent wsa also started with earietT ~:P, 7ha to4~3
aria pf the ?xp+riasrutal aaation eo~grised about l0 ~. duly >aes~aagtFa=
ghae eras tertad hr2'1. T1ze firm rpraYlnb with thS.a grapa~x~ation ~.r lta3ze
on fA.ine ~~8w tha raacud on .tulq ld, ttna half of the src~- esotia? Aes~c1
er a eontral, trhera agrsying war Mona by galyru3fiNo of aR~.aicxre P:odethar
vri.th rulfats of niagtit'cr: ~rertheisra durinr the gariod of the ,seoan~
~~6 {in tha esi9dla of abiyj an this lzai,i' at the eaation t~ .aghi~Is
and aayaciallg ?atuaxs~oTius urtia>xa ~'t+ah. riszrta8 to >!szltiplg 9ta vlgorourl~
(in Paaij that ati size kalkhas's ur,gsnt reQuest this saetion during t2za
bees s!" tha second egTe'3.ind, had to si+ra b+- treated by aarenpttyher,
For tlei+G ercper9~nt dnriu` the first threr appliaati.ana 3~T war used
mizcad x'!th sulfur in a uor% 04 output of #0, r&C and 90 Kg, ,gar. te+n, i`hr
latrth and fifth trexteurnta ~-era doaa hY gure '~'Y!! pordar at a re.4ai a~'
8? .1gg ger l+a. Ths sistB dusting was dram froax aez airplaxta with a raia~t*r
~ t1Dt *Sth sulfur,. (eentenae ?eontinues otter '~1ila ~, eez gags i45j
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
Pirst aprayit~ with
poaEysvlSida oT wT-
oiuon end suit'ats a~'
aiesot3ae....... ...
Pa3y~uTPide aY d~~-
oiva~su2Pati of
aioatew {oott~ror).
b.f`-I~}.~36
0.299G
~fiatatiaa of ccte~a by i`a url;ioa\ $xh~. sad: a aotto~, sphl~ 3eu
i.0
Q,~"B.
fS:76
Di88
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~Be~#,n p. ~i16)
at a norm e!" output aP Sm 8g per ha. Rabultb of 1~fa btpesrlrae-s-t ttaa
(SiwiltP Sln ta17~.e S.
x'6171a ~.
Et~eatiaraeen a! seraaptaptiob xhbn ured ta~ethbr wit7~ ~ an rud~tar
flur3 f3rxt trbatabt~te ae~d rb 38Y!' aedbr Qari the lollarri .
)~lbaptaph[7~,a .~ i i ~t
~~~~ ~~ ffrbt
a~~~ pa~tt~~
tide et aRle$uR
~Rt~ lt`a17l. , . ,.. ,
01" nieat3ts~ axtid
~-otxw~btf~yi during
'~hyMy~~~yyiyilD25d,
Thb hest riartant afi thb exparinwnt, e~ara nbraxptvAhos ~raa ub~d qtr
~bthbr with pare DDT paadar (s-ithcsut ~ bnx!'ur aflrii.stura) >~, ~btsrbed er4t3i
rwxiat~? 1:~~98 (a ~aerb we-r7:~ripbniug ,ntriet~ h~~ rixb,~eat to in~abtstian
by ~r~ t~t3:a?a!' ).
7hia eeat3;os~ wbs a legs= flurt~ ~ri1h 31~?'Y po~lbr alone at a rite of
-FQ-~ pea hb. {,runb A~'.~ Augubt 8d and A~ubt ~E1), bYlB one dusting doh
ir+xa ser a~.rplgnb tY a misture of L4Yi' witri rttlfur b.t a ratAt oP b0 ~~3 pat ~-a.
2'hb i'irst I~23x traat~bat tab praaEs.aal~,q ~nio~*ad bapRUba cr4` tho +lalay
in Yha gra~rbh of ohev-ing iz~eaata oa. thle bbSt~.dDC. ~`#ub tirit epriti~n6
w;ttti mbresptophab on thib bbatSaa sat flans ~ata- Efi toygthbr nth riT)'S.
po~Cer, the bba4t+fl, an Ju3g 19. Data of this a~zparrifaou;t srb a3i'bn Ire
tab~;b #.
 lisraap 4~hps.. a . i f
During the first
ar~r~-ng p4~y_
su~;tsde ~t aaa=
oium and aulfato
cP nlotitine asffl
octamathyl......
During tha sacan+3
spraying......,..
Conoantaa?.
Lion
~stostat5:an of c3bttoa in
d.'D3~t ~ 19.VIT ~ t9.'YI~ ~fi.-1X -----
4 ~~~'' ~ V~YV
On the aontxal section DUT roras aced togsthar ~itR polyeulfide of
oakaiura and culf'ate of niaotina; ha~raver~ regar62eaa of the fast th~xt tho
auction esa teriear, Reldltivt?a.liy, agrayed vrith poiyeu3fide of oa].sium, at
the middle of $uIy 7etirshus urtSoe~o ![ate oh. scultip3.iod iti such autihe,rs,
that apozs an urgont rnquoat txcun the kolidzot this seatioa 3~ead tc be e,prayed
rith ostamc,thyl (0.15;~)~ (14egiss p. 14'x)
Analyef.c of data ct Laliles 8, 3 acid 4 ~ahaws that mersaptaphbs and
~satataethyl, us~sd in conaen.trativns ?.1 {m~ersapto~haa) and. 0.1& (octat+sthyl)a
are able tp check the ms.sa mults~+lication of Tetrariyc2ius urticsw .gosh..
sad of aphlde an actte~, mheu IID7 is appliacl T'epe+stedly.
gvon iP thexe is a ditteronao in the tatai balance of 'etra~gohus
 urt#.~aa ~ ~dixa~~r~ ts*baeat .nth '
~rrS.th :~~a$~1ar ~~gi~thi~ mitih ,a ;8'~r~'ti3e
~r iti ~SU~b ?orm ~ a9
w5.~ rsez~suptep~oa,, !,t d~.
i~i~ a~ :Sepfer:+ ~rR~tt .the ta{#?et~ .~,r~ na"~ ~~n~~sro+a#.
A ~tiia~le ~~~~ write ;mego~?~as- :~~ a1'~.a'~~~it ~ ~r.~~rr ~#d ~+d1k
Sao ~ :~ ofi ~a~1~ss ,ez~ cif daL~an ~p~aide tlurlt~ a+egKi~Cq~ ~~a
Yng -tip" i~~~ brat ev~a at ~ha ~ett~ of` ,~is~itaa~E +~kita
t~.ano., adhfa~ mate ~~rayr~ez rr~i ~3~captvphoo, Ik~d'.~ h+~e7,ii'f~ n
'fit NP~;~r~is the ~e3't~~be ~vh'i~h ~ t~a~d 6~ vcifl- ~u7.~ir Bq4. j
tihe lo~vae ~ nomp'letr~~* ~17~aa ~oi`~:
,A3tfio~e~ ~dbaevl .3uw~ ~h0~n ~ :r3u~i'f'icgAs~t ~~
~irp~et~~x-~.~,? ~'~ msra~pttip'Ae~s aon~limr~rily ,~ux~ask6~ 3tj ~h#:~fi .
~eox~"~ isaE~Sf~3riit 9d iv~dx` op3l~3.c~h, by '~ srig'~t11~g ~a~cf~ ~~ t~i1~'
'd1y, d2h ~4' T'i9~~~f i1~ RYiS~'L
c~ptxigito~ (anct oai~ts~~~~ iC~ ,~?~~~.~~ ~~ the sou'~h (~drtaet~nt~, ~532~
rrol~..~~S:pga~3,t~n o~ ~dti;t~n hsr~ ~ 6ars$3c3t of ~.~~=~i ~mQr~~ltim ~n ;3.'te #'~~~li;
"~~ $x~ei +~~ifiaa~~g&t~ tha tA~2a ~ti'e~s~i~eYee~+s~ a~,, ~~CeDxd#~?~.
~o i-aur ~~~?~ratiot~&~ Yee itua~a~t$~?n rt~$ t~ic+ ~?'fa't ~E "Ghga$ ~x?~st
~,~ +81sor~erx 'NTH ~ai~tala khk~ '~Y ~ $'eot~ ~~~ ~or~a~o ~o~ih? ~?
'atitat~ ,off' M.ki~ A9~tre..liXaC-t +lt~ac~~:o'~dal ~uCStaAA. "~~~ cs~e~~tio~il;'~p 1i9.'i.
l~~.dai ~ ~ritioilFa2 af~ecE
,~ssphoe .vl~ ado ~is~3,4~:
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
aaarlafdme; suss .ads the e>~~fu~ ;~'raisloSGS t&~' auj .pi3fj~uilfde
a~ +~a~,aia~a~ ~ l~f ~ePPsatl~raars ctasa gat used 86+~@L n't~ tlie~ iisvs
cleaaeo
$aeais~.a rnr'iatda~, am~tkem. ?ls a ~~pu2t of thte;- tYte rint~>< 1~1i~4ta~?
anon off' m:teir ~n p3.arst8, ~rhioh a~(r vrS+Eh euY?'~r e~~+a~4e,y.
gi~ae~aAau~ staster.
.~ ~rasei~,`~e to atah?ei~a 1490 ~clsariiifg ~o~` ~1l~ia~s by trsata~ats t~3.th
i~x'Ca~tophrc;o, ~Ct thfiti a+-es, tike tb i32s eabesr~c0 a~ ''rl:asi'1 ~.nPaet3.~sh,`
tie t~i~rim2 ~etr!~sat4tst~ ~~? 'Sbta~ttpahue~ u~oas~ ~~h., as~a1 0~ apFside ~aageQo
;ot 'tFiat wl~h an s~t-Sad'~,e~a~, .~xtlen'~at~an tits ~tutt~s hegiza.
i~r aoc~set~ce thsaua+llross an thi lsavsa o~ atr~toa alrsstid~r :~.e ].D a~.yre
C e~cst~ss mvi5.t~ aa~~,~+~~ aftMr ~ep~a~3.tt~s aan nt+ ~i~a a ~~!oaP o? 'mss
mod`:
hie o3rrStfr~tctin.or~ gs else ~atafi~med D~+ the z~aot that an esotos~~.
vdhivh tirerm iisd '~~ a~et~tbyl ettd ~stos~rrC+~phoe? the f.n!'eBtia;an t~
ism a~~Ong tiffs: xoeba ;ems, ~ari~7as,
~hs3~i thelri~ ass asesQS~, ~h#rh rrs aaalurkt ~setn~? ~'ar ~~#uze.
sx~t_,,, ~: ~+a ,y ~n tha aea~C ai' t3~e t'3t~. ~6egE~ta p. 3.~8~
Qt`~st~io phcaph+9rue pre~re~sratinne afi the 3n4~a?~3~n'~ 3~S~at~a`ldss
a~t;N,an da sat hn~rr a~ $oatr?oontaat aotiaa :s'nd almisnt da rat l.cxf't~srioe
tha '#~~? Btt 03Y1#~t9~~ rltlzl LI"YCLYE FY's l~kSi'~ irtA:Yi~7C0iz~ 'S"t53`" the ~s3'i'E111~4i~M
~ai>J~d $o>~aphagoue~ ,4ttrit'te,s 7rh9.~h f~y~yve,~* ~a}~~,a**,db2s:.~y a ,y Y
~KM~~} ~il`ILYa:~'P CAAtStl,ChS.tig. th48 ~dt?.i. $'~'V'f~ a ~Yf,~ht ~ .fiWpY7afSa'
~1fN,t at'g~~0 ~lllakij3h0Y~EilY PY'gpai~l~,q}11S C$' t`P-C1 ~txaplaYlts ~kf~Eh~'bs~83.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
f~
aot3o'ty ea8 aoMaraaptoghpt if1 yart3attlar,, gilt, oraaupy ic, the aea~r i'utue~
th#~,at griper .glace in. the. xo;:?k of oa~troi of ,rna8ain~ parts of aattot~
naafi w'A7l help to aorta!,, t~4 t?nse oond8.t3g'6i which It arsRttlt 'by repei,ts~.
tr+ratsseaitt rrl.th DIYP.
But C"h1a quottloa earn '6t de~nttely asolwmtt ~+~ attar ~. oh6ok 'mss
of tlcr nutritive giarlitlrrt of >:ottox oS~, aa~ o! lari3e-x que~litiet ~iP' ~a4ttartr
othiir gruQuats oP tred xegro~rtrsts~. w~ah wmre re+~+sived.
!'arms the ?aiu'ef:aas that roar treatead x't4h msxoaptoghbav ar mdts~ri;Fsy~., ati
their w?mrs titerai+,y data Sndioat3n~; R gonti8i}.ity of ifi.r~t3.~ aa~vxav~ptnphet.
in 'the raeda e! crtst~n '[8j. ~tititir~ a 'IIMthad ~!' tai;md ~ato~t~ it iw~
pcrrri'Dle to detest ~eeroaptaphae, nrith i~r s~.8 df raflirmotivr tuli'axr,. iaa
the tardt ?P Batton an thr .~I5t~ day ni'4rr the iatractaxtatioas of the pig*~a#~*+
'data .!ante the pity
x+ri teetsa to u~i. that thlrar n
of aatton with aarpcagta~ihar witl bA aondttrttefl .aa the siddla oat
.more that3 two moatht gr3,or to cotton hrrz~stitag:
~setinn c+! get pretrotl;on >~+iaeitisd 34 ~';; I'9dC
lt~dra>~ mf #a4ru>c~ ~ ttiat~ 84~1~
 oa~rol. a~ a~tto'n gear
~uki,o ~. ~66Y.
,tntian af` n]YE Aad aP 61E#i5"~
~[ brtn ~~R, 'D~.a~.h ~; eaIll3~hoa.
mm~-on3tibi~it3* of ~sasta~ats~a~ ~ti
dog e~` a~~nk5~et4. ~lnn. Entvm. :ears:, I-~e7Fw ~7~ .~,. 1.964.
!$. Evatrap~,~ ~,~.. ~Gtsemi.aai atME~~e o~ carstzrol oS axles a"~s F..
b3o~a~#o~l ~isllta~le under adnd~t9.ac~ 04 l~er~'#.~5lx~,
7C9'IIi 1~1.e~nr. Se]ctwSi eeR~erhity ~usts~alS tFJ1~tt., '~eai~ ~8aari~da~v;
~'~. 8,~., Gh~6a1 a8~-tnatezE9:st3a of pAaeplu~ar sso~~zzalat:, ath~raFi
viY ~ ~rate~.D s~~ea~ an apltgtte ~stsQ T~!'~r~ahi~~_ nxetiaaa Soa1x.
Arlo., '~"ftsm3:tti83AF, 4;, 1;951.
~; R1.aeters~+ry 'Sid.
a~ ~a3:1 3tiiaeCstlaldee
' ~igpulat~as~ of ml'rss aix] theSr dates. :Eau.. ~,, '1A~.
~rdaciaa.~lata,, G.lt., d8te~ an ides ~+smparatise tcratxaolagl~,al ~a~ao~.
'Eerletlrs a~ aid and a~ geaane. lta~iatan~rg ~rar,4 'Rnetltat~ ~etii~ed,o~3le~
'IbEA7:6~,~ ~7.~+;i 8e~11-tian of sne#x~'brD11~ in ;p'1a~s~s ~ ~a ~~ad tia
dealseEUxs tie fsrtll3~r b~ :e~~ngln~au+s~lt3g paatr ci' ag>?laultu~+w7:
'a7!c3~ils ~art?~ 'TiWn1:nlEe~ee+-ekaS rei~~rtsa9. ~w~.R ~".,~ 1854.
'FS. iioste~'i~ $saat^A~ned ~fl at~eru '111oamtlott ai' eye~bz ~ ~ zsb~tan.
~1snt. Eodtt. Ent., Q,. 19ie4.
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
~. &fsdr2gnea, d.~3.i bltixc]y` of mstabolleai in T~tsriahue b1u>~aix9.atas
6y x~acl4oj~hcapornrs. Eaon. Ent.: ~., 7.54:
~.p, tkspAriole3i, ~+'.1i.;,Epecie3 itorapat33tibn ~xarl lmportanae oS pr?datorm
qP ~atrat~ahug urta~s Ap_ ohs; &bornik nauchgy2rA rabat bloiua
xs Tashkent, 196.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
' Rrane. A-gas
~ ' ~ (Teablo ?of Gonteats)
~ s~lx
A. D. Shetiakov, Pro~a the xos'k experience of ~Efrepovskiia
o~5rochoaicnl laboratory . . i . 51
S. H. Solov~ev, Liming of aoid soils in eoa~e oonatrime of th?
British ~apire . . . . . . 64 '
tfi. V. Popov, l~. I. Knkhovareako. Hox kallchos "1Crueaoe soiatee"
seonres inoreasee in the Yielding crspgcitY
Vdobreaie i Uroehei, Pol. 1, ao.5,
Neq 1956. 57. B Qfl'72
.hr?le of terste
A. .P. %etorkov,;Liming o! A.oifl turf-podgolic soils in nos- 3
ChraaleII Lorie~of ~~~ w ? ? ? ? ? ? ? e ? . e ? ? ? ? ? ? .
fl. 1K. KeBrov-Zit;hraa. SoloaLific griaciples. for lis+ing the
~'. rY. S)fvorteov, Iaflnenee of early dutrs o? epplio4tioa of ?
lime on the yinlfl of perenainl 6resFes ? ? ? ? ? ? '~
P. A. -lenkina, Phoephorolmateria end conditions far its nee..
P. o. Iakorleve, V. F. `kaorteot, Iaflnence of molybdenus oa
the Sacrsase of gields of clover oa poflgolic soil ... .
A. B. ffiibashov. Action end aftereffect of fertili:erY on the
?o;op of corn on sandg soils of polee~ie r . . .
8: A. 2aremba, IItilixa.tion of fertilisers in koikhoees of
VolegoP.+~koi oblactf . .
? II. I. Ite~aot, A. I. Yilatote~, 8ertilirers hate guaranteed
high pielda of tlex to kalkhoe *Rovaia ahirn1?. .
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/25 :CIA-RDP80R01426R010300010001-9
(2) Rrant. A-726
(.iAb18 of Oontento)
3~/M
JtFVI~DIS and BIBF,IOtiRAP~ PaEe
P. V. Ane1~iP~uod, Book of inatrnotione on the use of bAOterisl
fertilizers . . 6E
cxaoxlca,n
0. P. h9letnikovn, A conference on probleee of bnotorit~l
fertilizero . . .. . 63
 Translation a-727
b~~ 'l1]
lKrlrhaeeva, 4,A., and ~idorsnko, V,A,
1't'o ropliv deialdkh t`aYtoriv co-niahh~ogo otooheru~ie, mr
roavitok dhovtoi.irihi psheni.tsi+
:.,
fEfleot of eotaa eriviroe~aents~l factors on~the dewlop~
scent o? yellow rust ci' ihsat]
IB,krobiol. Zhur. v. 16, no. E,,gp. 81=d7, 186$. 448.8 S64
(In~tl~aiaSat,] '~
fk'aeet flamaga done by rust to grain Grape draws attention oS matey
rseearohers and praotieal wor'~rs. 11~t{y worms ci' $ot-iet phytopatologiets
O are dedioated to its detailed dtudy. Edpeoially mush attention is glean
to brown rust of v~heab,}ae in its sxpansion and harmfulness it oooupiee
e first place among the diseased of ,grain crops..
? Lses importance is Given to yallow rust of wheat. Ilsanwhile in its
harmfulness it burpasses bro~-n rudt, and had a?ooneiderably nogatia~a
influence on the plant, Under tdle influestoe of yellow rudt prooaeds
n grematura dying otP and drying of leaves, which, naturally, leads to
a diaturbli,noeln tha process of assimilation, As s result the ylaids cf
grain are lowered. As it is stated by l[. Y, Gorlentco (8 ], etron with very
mild iLnfections of wheat, great tossed in ~elde Gan cacur: for inbtanos,
In winter wheat Hooperator3te at p,19L of ooveraga .of leaf ^urfaoe by ,pustules
Damage from the yellow rudt ie still ,water in those coded when it
Safeota also the inner Bide of the flower soalasj in such a case under a
8irect infiuenoe of the pathogen the brain ripens very slowly and bsoomee
I - - -, -
i ?
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 eiozly t9]. Aocording to data of s. A. ~oohkin C~), during strong devslop-
meat of the infeotion the absolute weight bf seeds in spiltee deoreaeee
afiarply (doubly whon oomparefl to the original ,seed material). Aooarding
to his data Bellow rust also decreaeas the produotive bushinebe of the
plants. Ae a result of thin during oructy" years the yiold of wheat under
the influenoe of infection decreases by 8~ (Ulrralh3os, Liutaetsena 017)
to S0,'4 (Nritroepermum 18).
Nevertheless, in spite of all this damage, yellow rust ie of lesser
eoonomio iti~iortanoe, because it reaches largo expansion only sparodioally.
From liIIserary fiats it ie sben that yellovr seat ie more often, fourifl
in 3eningradshoi, iTOSkovakoi and ,partly in 8iatanskoi 6blaat~, in foct-
hills of the :Northern QaUCaeUS and of Traneoaubasus, on high grounds of
%aaakhstan, iJsbeleistan, Efrghis republio, in OrTwea (2,4,9, 10,11]. Yellow
rust ie found also 'in Restern Niberia [4,6] and in (~cir'kovskii 7a~ai C4)r
but much more rarely.
found evesyvrhere, but sot every year= and it achieves a strong development
only in separate regions, for the most part in the south?~wast a$d is
ii.sostep republio. There ie in!'ormation about the eepif9.toti5.a^ (epiphytotia
or epiphytotiem) of this disease ~n wine yet in 1814. S71Lta, S.n the
former Cies;, P. aoteva also points out the depenflenoi of development oP this
df~seaee ca the presence of sufficient moieturs, on ehasp Pluotuetione of
temporatur+e, especially in the early spring period. On account of this,,
in the author+.e cpinioni fn mountainous terrain wh,sra daily fluotuatiane'
of temperatuse are usual and extreme, yellow tact appears nearly overt' jroar
and in the Plat country cnly bparodioally:
In places with hot ^ummere; ae iu Oaucaeut, the intensitre developa~ei~t
of the o7.ted fliseaee takes place only in Poot~hil#.s, where teraperaturt it
lower and moisture ie high '[lOj.
According to data of 8. A, txochkina in Tssik=iCul"e~kii 1Giila~q eP
Sirghie the heaviest infeotione of winter wheat happen is years with
greater amount of rains and witty the highest relative humidity o? air
fluting the period `".from the beginning of the spring vegetatioa and to
heading stage, and Prom the heafling stage to ripensee with a comparatively
low temperature during the teat of the period" Zd].
But there ie in literature another evaluation of the sole of hu~aleity.
is regard to yellow rust. R. A. Aaubiova, by special experiments proved
that the relative humidity of the air does not inPluenoe the duration oP
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~ cgs
the inoubation period and is not s deoiding faotor far the devvelopment
Of yellow root (ej.
Cono2usioha of ~. A. Flaumova find a oorrdboration iu data which are
era giving belovt on the development of yellarr toot in 19G0, when this
fliesaee was obeervefl on winter wheat ih manq raione of t}ta Fravobarettub.ia
[right banks of IIJaraine. boring Boma of the months its development was
nary hotioeabie. temperature oonditions were quite i'avoraibZe for the
dsvelopntsnt o? the fliasase r lair temperature in 11f~y..dune with sharp fluctua-
bona ?rom maximum (Begin p. 8>3) to rn5.nimura; himiflity* of the air was rathez`
low, beoauas there rare very Derr rsiEne.
On the s~cperimental base of the Ihetituta Of }3htOmOlOgy End, PhytO=
pat2ralogy of Aoa$emq of fioioiroe of the i~lcrainiah 83R, we oleo obeervid
the devalopmsht of yallorr runt on winter Kheat udder oonditione of 'idauf'~?
fiolent moisture, which neared the aotuAitiohs of drought.
art >IKh -the weathmr tree o
y omparativslq Gaol. 9!he mean monthly tempos-
tore r-ae 3'S.g's no sharp fluotuatioha of temperature mire observed na the
maximum so also the brini.ttinm were favorable to &ermination of spores of
p._glumarum. There were few rwinst their total cum far Icy wow 8.7 nor.
Saoh oonflitions praoadefl the first appearanoe of ye1)oir suet otr winter
whaat~ which wire obesfvefl in the beginning of Juna fluxing t]re t6me gf
ripenif-g.
Ihrring the milk stage of ripeneae of the sinter wheat the flieease
already has oonei.flerablq sprsafl to the laavaa of the upper tier acid partly
~- to the epikea+ aoalee enoompassing on earns variatis? (ih partioular, variety
tlkrainkm of a late sowing) a great nutaber of plants with an irrtetuitq bf
infeotion from $0 to !9(~3 anfl higher.
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paring the period of development of the disease (from its fit~et
appearanoa and to the mine stage of ripeness of xheat) the temperature
>a~ in the beet 1lmite, and the relative humS;dity of air ~wae emery lox
(main9jr 26~4(iJi); with the ezolusion of some days when it roam to 60-7(~.
There xere fex rains. d3n7,y 6 days had short and eparsm rains of 0.~~1.6 mm
par day..
Tbiifd, from the above data, it is assn that laok of moisture, in the
preeenoe of favorable temperature, Ss not a hitidranoa to the developmont
of yellow .rust.
7.n 9,961 yellore rust developed on a larger scale bran daring the fore-
gaiug year; at the eases tir>;hi [left bank], mainly in fhe forest=steppe sons
of >~ainS.an 9fiR, end not oaly~on minter whmat, but on [rpring xheat also.
lrmmong spring xheat varimtiss raven IG.uteetsene b62 xas affeoted.
(7n the expsrimsntnl base of oar Inetitutm yelox rant xaa also atroagly
developed and already darit~ the alagee of heading-~blorming of xiater
whist {at the beginning of June) almost '10(nL oP plants were affected and
on leaves of all tiara. 3ntsnsivaneae of infootion xaa great, eo that at
the beg4nning 'of ttr6 Mlle etsgb, wader the influenoe of yellor~ rust, s!1
the leaves dried up.
the eoalee of t9re spikes were oleo nfeoted to a oonsiderable degree.
Qn the average about 8E9fi of spikes xsrs ini'eoted, out of xhioh gr~G to a
high dsgr.e.
Yello~ x~at appeared also on spring wheabs Arasutka ttemarohans~ka
and Artemiv7ea.
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~. -70
Yn l9&l, in oontradiotion to 1980, there wai plenty of prsbipitation;
92 mta in 1Cay, and 49 mm of rain in June were noted on our e~cperimentai
Dane. 'The tsmpsratura for the development of the ?ung+xe was most favorabla3
in 3&q the mean temperature wai 15.8', with a maaimxm of l7? and miaifmsm
17..2? and eorreapondinglq in June was 19.7, 22.4 and 18.8?. The moet~
favorable temperature conflitions had place in other points of tA~rainian $97t
also in bonnootion with ooneidarable moisture.
From oomparativa two=geare data we see that rsith a7.dwat similar
temperature oonditibnr (which are favorable for the growth of the pathogen)
tho development of yellow tart prooieded during adequate dampneeio ai xell
ae during low humidity. Thus, humiditq is not a bieio factor for the
grosth of the given diesels. Ae in brown runt, humidity ie important only
at the,~aomont of iafeotiohj that ie, during the germinatfoa of uredoipores
P. Drum. Yfe link a atrongar development of rust in 198I? than in l9B(!,
to the infection of wheat at an earlier phare of vegetation and not to a
high re7mtfve humidity of air. The inarenee of the infebtion in 1967:
depended, to a aoneiderable digree, on the condition of the piantr them-
selves, whibh were weakened itt connection with uafw~rorwbii (Begin p. 84)
temperature abnditi.onn for their development is spring and beginning of
summer. This index, a condition in which the plants are-=ie thi eesaatial
one'beoauie it calls forth the raaotibn of the plant to the pathogen.
,ltea'nahile in literature the guertion about gsllow curt it being aekad
ag if the dovblopmeat of this dieeaie depends onlq on conditions for the
Erowth of pathogen itself, sad the importance of such oonditioni for the
plaat