PERU

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 53
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 21
• Content Type: REPORT

1 , I A
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
- -0
A.
B.
bUt
1
2
2
2
3
50X1
Table of Contents
Peru
General
Environmental factors affecting health
1. Topography and climate
2. Socio-economic pattcrn
3. 1,,ninal and plant life
a. Animal
3
(2) Flies
3
(5) Ticks and mites
3
(7) Mollusks
3
(8) Worms
3
Ii. Nutrition
3
c. Food sanitation, storage and technology
3
C.
Diseases
4
2. '..)f_senses of animals
4
a. Prevalent animal diseases
4
(1) Babesiosia
4
(2) Anaplasmosis
4
(3) Foot-and-mouth disease
5
(h) High altitude (brisket) disease
5
(5) Brucellosis
5
(6) Tuberculosis
5
(7) Areptococcus pyogenes infection of Alpacas
6
b. Other important anipal diseases
6
D.
Veterinary orcanitation and administration
6
1. Civilian
6
a. Organisation
6
b. Legal controls
8
(1) Licensure
8
(2) Quarantine
8
(3) Inspection
8
c. Professional veterinary orpanitation
9
d. Veterinary research
9
f. Emergency veterinary services
9
2. MiAtary
9
E.
Veterinary manpowEr
9
50X1
-1-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
F. Veterinary facilities 11
0. Veterinary suplaie and materials
H. leference data 22
I. Coriments on principal sources 12
1. 'valuation 12
2. List of sources (in order of importance) 12
Figure lt Organisation of the Veterinary Services in Peru ? 2961.
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
7115 88- Section 45
Peru
A. GIL-Plena
Peru's dericiencift3 in animal. ESmigctiat create &Acme ttAmsn nutritional
pro-ante as well as imActinr a heavy econose.c burden Vawflt the forced import of
livestock and livestock proinets. ?4th a rapidly axpandin, human ovulation,
increasing diffivIties can Le anticipated IaLleAs antrAal lozses from disease CIO to
reduced Priti livestock nroduction egirkedly lawn geed.
Percis difficulties in efficient livestock pmduction and its complex animal
dizesse Iiroaeme at treat an inadevate and ineficiTnt veturinary service, varied
and difficult terrain, as well az a lack of fodder 1,n1 supplemental feel.
The Indian poptAmtion in the .4xtean and U. ver 1--asxon sr, as ia larrel7 illitete
and :act dt.posed to acckAing F-cvernment assistance in healthful manage-lent of its
heriari flocks. turt'aerwre, transportation and vomranication in these emus are
rimitive and slow.
!lthourh facilities for diagnosing end harvilifir animal diseases are exy -Mints
the prol-lem of staffinc such units with qvalified vAcrinariens or to-tnioisno
rine a xli astecle.
Most of' /-erute carzyntly available arable pastel.* land iz onrstocke4 and future
increames in &rebel production are dependent on the want; and develortwnt of new
gracire areas in the eastovi alopeil of the Atides or in VIE, tropical Amason resin.
?rorre-A; in such &MPS, always slow, dirAnds on a joint approach, Imola-tine efficient
disease and ,,srasitet control and livestock resnege
-1 ?
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDEN:!IAL
Peruls budget allotmente for animal disease control and veterinary public health
programs, although sUpplrmented by funds from the 5ervicIp0ooperativo Inter-Americano
Produccion de Alimentoe, as well as by technical asaistance provided by specialited
agancies of the United Nations are inadequate to carry out the necessary programa.
Faure progress is dependent on the availability of supplemental funds through the
'international &valor-gent loan dams; now in planning stages.
? To gain meadmumboaefit from the livestock development programs and the animal
processing installations now Untrway a great deal of impravenent in animal
health and sanitary procersing and distribution of animal products_ is
.V2/2/1?/..3S1.?./.1V28/24tWk2.1
essential.
B. EnVironmental factor* affecting health
1. TOpographi and climate -- %rule (namely. varied climatic ahdtopogrknhical
character, ranging from coastal desert, wooded alluvial valleys of the mountain slopes,
the altipoplano (high mountain plains 8,000 to 12,000 feet), to the tropical Amazon
basin arta cast of the Andes, Create a greater diversity of ental health and produc-
tion problem than exists in almost any other Latin American country. Eich temperatures
in the coastal an Amazon areas creates heat tolerance and partaitic problem..
Livcstock in the mountain slope areas are plagued by liver fluke and lung...worm infesta-
tion. The Andean highlands, with scoot pastures, fail to provide nutritional require-
ments and Vic) extre7e altitude results in respiratory disorders and a circulatory
disease in cattle. Furthermore, all but the narrow coastal areas are comparatively
inacceasible for regular veterinary scrvices.
2. nocio-economic pattern -- Thr predominantly illiterate Indian population in
Peru's highland areas fails to seek assistance in control of animal diseases and are
C0NFIDENI1-.
-2-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R. 009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
unable to recognise the public health significance of may serious animal diastases
and parasitic conditions. Primitive conditions in remote villages and mountain camps
makes carrying out regular animal health work extremely unattractive to Peruvian
W
veterinarians.
3. rinimal and plant life
a. Animal.-- Numerous animal parasites cause serious livestock losses' and some
? are major public health problems.
(2) Flies -- Wpoderma spe. are Serious irritating mats, particularly of
cattle, and the migrating larvae cause extensive hide damage.
(5) Ticks =dates Sarcoptes scabiei and,Psoroptes ovis, mangelmites,
are coon in some regions in sheep causing considerable wool loss.
Boophilus microplun is the main vector of piroplasmobie and Anaplasmosia..
Boophilus decoloratus haa also been identified.
(7) Mollusks Limnaea truncatula is the intermediate host of fasciolae.
(8) V'orms Leztalit_11.2.1 is the common liver fluke of sheep and goats.
Dictyocaulus filaria and Dictyocaulus viviparnscause verminous pneumonia
in sheep and coats and in tattle, respectively.
Fehinococcue manulosus is common in canines with a. concurrent high
YVW.W.W.L111.2./2
rate of hydatid cysts in domestic aniMals and an
4. nutrition
fa. Food sanitation, stoma and technology -- Adequate refrigerated atoms
facilities and transport eqmipment are still not sufficient for the growing demands
for sanitary and preservative handling of livestock products. However., beginning
in 1960, two modera cold storage and slaughterhouses, each capable Of handling
.3..
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENT1__
. 50,000 cattle per year, etre established in southern Peru. Most of the meat produced
is marketed in Lima. Lima itself also has modern slaughter and storage facilities,
but the latter, particularly, is deficient for the metropolitan requirements.
Interest in planning new 'laughter facilities and in improving existing once
throughout the provinces is reported. To date more than 20 such plants have received
assistance from international technical assistance missions. Despite these
relatively recent developments, the marUeting and distribution of meat and milk is
DWI unhygienic in maw areas. (See D1,1) for sanitary regulation.. )J/1_'
C. Diseases
2. Diseases of animals -- Pyre's animal disease problems are manifold, partly as
a result of the extrele geocraphical variety of conditions under which its livestock
is rained and partly as a result of the inaccessibility of many' parts of the country.
Prevalent animal diseases
(1) Babesiosis Babesiotis (piroplasmosis) is probably the most serious
animal disease in Peru. rano little differentiation of the various babesiae has
been accomplidhed in Peru, EL bigemina is the most eicnificant. The disease accounts
for large losses in imported' animals and their progeny and produces serious debility
in indigenous stock. It is definitely a Major limiting factor in the development
of a livestock industry in tick infected areas such as the eastern slope of the
Andes. Very little regular, qupervieed work has been done to control ticks, the
vector of the (Incase, and the "erasure of relatively insusceptible young animdls to
produce immunity is haphazard or neglected.
(2) Anaplasmosis Probably less serious, but neNertheless of great
economic importance, is anaplasmosis. This disease, transmitted by several biting
-4-
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
Insect?, including the ubiquitous ticks, as well as through careless animel innoculation
? rhcre the disease is Introduced via contaminated hypodermic needles or other means.
Rapid developeent of the cattle industry it) hindered to a significant extent by the
extreme susceptibility of imported Europcan4ype cattle to this disease as well as
to piroplaemosis.
(3) Foot-and-mouth disease According to recent reports, three virus
types of foot?and-smuth disease hove been reported in Fern. Multiplicity of types.
always complicates control since it is necessary to use a polyvalent vaccine rhich
produces, a more limited immunity than monotaient'or bivalent types. Serious losses
in iroduction occur in dairy cattle, and in high altitude areas foot-and-mouth
tease is some times complicated by brisket disease.
(h) High altitude (brisket) disease .. A circulatory condition known as
high atitude disease (brisket disease in flbrthAMerica) MUMS extensive losses mom
cattle grazed at high altitudes (7500 - 10,000 feat).- Sheep mxt hnrses are less frequently
affected. Ardnals suffer dystpnea, weeknese.and cardiac hypertrophy, eventually auccething
to cardiac insufficiency. The meet prominent and striking symptom is in edematous
-swelling in the sternal region.
(5) Brucellosis The incidence of brucellosis in cattle is increasipg
in Peru, particularly in the dairy regions in the irrigated rivet Valleys of the coastal
area where the incidence-varies from 10 to 25 percent in different herds. No official
mastery program for its control exists and the disease is. a serious human health
threat in the areas where raw milk or milk products are consumed.
(6) Tuberculosis -- Bovine tuberculosis is common among dairy herds. In one
area of inve,tigatityn involving over a thousand animals, 19.6 percent of the animals
showed positive reaction to the intradermal test. ? bile it has been estimated that
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
uunFIDZITTI,
between 25 and 50 percent of human tuberculosis cases Sr. of bovine origin, a comprehensive
survey to identify Strains has not been attempted. likewise, no significant information
is available on the relative degree of pulmonary or intestinal bovine infection in humane.
(7) Streptococcus Pyogenes infection of Alpacas -- An unusual disease,
characterized by high temperature and thaformation of multiple atm:ow-see throughout the
body, is fairly common amongst the Valuable Alpacas of the highlands. Streptococcus
pyogenes is generally isolated from the abscesses and, according to at least one researcher,
is considrred the causative agent. Losses from this disease are estimated as 17.4
percent of the tete' mortality among these animals.
b. Other important animal diseases Other important diseases am* cattle and
sheep are anthrax, gastro-intestinal parasitism and lungworm'infestation. Sheep are also
affected by enterotoxemia, mange and bacillary dysentery. Wise is prevalent among .
canines and infection in domestic farm animals is not uncommon. During the period 1958
through roo there was a significant iecrease in rabies reported in animals from 297 to
553. Leptoepirosii has been identified in a number of domestic animals as well as in
yyypit7/1212/41
rats.,
D. Veterinary orrenisation and administration
1. Civilian
a.. Organisation -- Veterinary organisation in Peru is relatively complex
for a country its vise.. "Ails the basic national veterinary system is the responsibility
of the Ministry of Agriculturerseparate,units operate within the Ministry of Public
Health and Social .Assistance, as well as in the Servicio Cooperative InterAmericano
de Produccion de Alimentos (SCIPA). The latter is presently being integrated in the
Ministry of Agriculture as the Servicio de Inveetigaccion y Promocion
Agricola (URA).. Although veterinary functions within (SIPA) are being expanded to
rONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL ,
Include inveetigation4 research and extension, the Ministry through its Division of
Livestock and the various subsections retains responsibility for biological production,
regulatory eervicesp.inspection and quarantine services, and certain animal health'
field programs. Tho Ministry of Fliblic Health and Social Acci:tance has'eet standards
for meat, milk and other food inspection, but the actual inspection is performed by
veterinarians in municipal veterinary service and the Hinistri.Of Agriculture. The
Ministry of Public Health and social Assistance Also has responsibility for
?
investigation and control of certain soonotio diseases, while other?diseasee such as
bovine tuberculosie and brucellosie. are the reaponsibility of the Ministry of. Agriculture.
Teo separate institutions, the NatiOnal Institute of Animal Biology (Instituto
-Nacional Biologic) Animal), Lima (12 - 013 - and the National Foot-and-Mouth
Disease Indtitute (Instituto Nacional Antioftesi), Lima, are concerned with disease
diagnosis and biological production. These institutes will undaatedly retain semi-
autonomeus status and remain adminitratively the responsibility of the Director
?
?
- ?
General of Livestock within the Ministry of Agriculture.
? At regional level both the Ministry of ,Agriculture and the newly formed SIPA
maintain veterinary services through agricultural field officbs.
The Univernity of San Marcos Veterinary 'Faculty, Menterrico, Lima, in addition to
its veterinary educational responsibilities is engaged in animal disease research
and investigation On a national ecale.,
iccording to recommendations contained, in 4 joint report on Agricultural Development
of Peru by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and. the
IntE-
national Bank for Reconstruction and Developm7nt, the entire activities falling under
jurisdiction of the may formed aft will be subject to review and reconTendation .
CuiaiDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
?
of a National Advisory Council associated with the Ministry of Agriculture.
Tho funds for operating the various veterinary programs in Porn are derived
from many different sources, including United Statee matching funds for SIPA and
contributions of inttrnational agencies and philanthropic organizations. Furthermore,
financing overlapping actiwitieS in the fields of animal huabsndry and breeding schemes
are not sharply defined and hence it is impossible to provide a realistic estimate of
expenditures for veterinary activities.
Legal controls
(1) Licensure A degree Medico Veterinario from the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicines San Hareem University, Limas Peru, is required for licensure to practice or
for veterinary employment in Peru. In spocial circumstances greduateyeter pinatias
of foreign institutions are also licensed.
(2) cuarantine -- A host of legislative '
decreess regulations or laws
govern the import and internal distribution of animals or products of animal origins
including sea food. The principal law governing inspection of internally produced
food products is Law No. 6121i .(1935), providing authority to the Ministry; of Public
.311/142.1
Health and Social Assistance to inspect foodstuffs of animal origin.
(3) Inspection -- Veterinary inspection of meat products and milk have
improved considerably in recent years with the improvement and.development of new
processing facilities; Veterinarians employed by the Ministries of Agriculture and
Public Health and Social assistance, as well as those employed by municipalities,
are engaged in active food inspection. TheMinistry of Agriculture also conducts '
inspection service for fish and fish products in the Lima area: Processing and
2/8/f/
distribution of meet enl milk in rural areas is largely unsupervised.
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
c. Professional veterinary organisation Virtually ail of Peru's
veterinarians aro members of the Peruvian Veterinary Medical Association (ssociaoion
de Medicos Veterinarios del Pt-ru), which seeks to protect the interest of the
profession and improve veterinary standards within the country.
4. Veterinary research 4.- Veterinary scientific activities termed research
in Peru are, in fact, more in the nature of disease and parasite investications.
The recent development of the new veterinary school with completely modern facilities,
coupled with strong financial and technical assistance of international organizations,
such as the Pan American Health Organisation and the Malted Nations Food and
. Agriculture Oreanisation, provides a tests for currant advances in.veterinary technology
and reitarch. Emphasis is being placed on studies of ailimal behavior related to
YVh/12/h2/
xi& altitudes and to expanded veterinary public health Investigations.
. f; Diergency veterinary services -- NO Organized emergency vetcrinary medical
serviees have been established.
2. Military-- The Peruvian army includes a vetcrinary?scrvice (Servicio
Veterinario) composed of about twenty persoUntl under the directioia of a liajOr who
is a-veteritiarian. The service is chiefly concerned in food inspection and procurmmmot.
for the armed forces. Same research in food hyclene in undertaken at the Veterinary
Faculty of the Univercity ofan Marcos under direction of the veterinary MilitarY
commanding officer who lc alco a meMber of the Faculty.
B. Veterinary manpower -- Peru has a total of 370 qualified veterinarians.. Distri-
bution le shown below.
.9.
_oNFIDENTIAt
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
? CONFIDENTIAL
Veterinarians in Fermi
state Services
Field service's 90
Public health services 10
Laboratory and research cervices 20
Total
Private practice or other activities
Private practice 1302
_Laboratory or reJearch work 1203
Total
Teaching
Full-time teaching 13
Part-time teaching 22
Total
1. The discrepancy in tot:4*i numbers of veterinarians shown in
the chart with the total reFintered to a result of dual
activity of a part of the profession. For instance,
military veterinarians (not listed), including the Corps
Commanante, hold other positions.
2. ?.bout 50 private practitioners are encased in part-time
state or municipal services.
3. Mbst vetuinarians included in this category are employed
in or operate private veterinary pharmaceutical plants.
and veterinary biological or pharmaceutical agencies.
? The approximate ratio of veterinarians to livestock 162,700 or to bovines
? 1,9,000 comparee favorably with that of most other Latin American countries, but is
far out 'of line with that of North American countries -where the 'approximate ratios
are one veterinarian to each 9,000 head of livectockor_one to each 5,000 hmd of bovines.
Peru completed construction of a. new Veterinary Faculty, San Marcos University, in
.2960, end the rate of matriculation will graivally increase., Bowevertit will be
several years before sufficient qualified veterinerians are available to significantly
expand services to 'the livestock industry. The cvality of veterinary education and .
training in Peru is considered well above that in most other Latin American countries,
and several international agencies and foreign philanthropic organisaticns are
actively supporting the veterinary faculty in order to stimulate improved veterinary
yyylyby
educational standards throughout the area. ?
-
"ONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
? CONFIDENTIAL
F. Veterinary facilities
In additic.n to the modern and adequate veterinary research, clinical and
diagnostic facilities of the new Veterinaryleculty, several other veterinary
laboratories end diagnostic institutions perform useful functions in Peru.
The National Anima Biology Institute, Camilo Carrillo 404, Lima, produces the
major part of Peru's animal biological rhquirements. Over a period of years it has
installed considcrable modern, medium volume production equipet nt and has expanded its
diagnoatic facilities.
The National Foot-and-Nouth Disease Institute, tarranco, Lima, is 'a small modern
unit, dezigned eolely for foot-and-mouth asease vaccine productien and virus typing.
It is capable of producing all of Peru's foot-and-mouth disease requirements, even
for, an intensive vaccination program. In past rare, it has seldoi operated
. continuously or at ma:dmum capacity since regular Or extensive vaccination
prograMs have not been conducted.
In addition to these basic veterinary facilities,* tho tgricultural INperiment
Station and the regional extension service offices have facilities and'equipm at for
routine diagnostic work.
Several commercial veterinary concerns, including some foreign firms, have.
established veterinary pharmaceutical plants in Lima..
Haile veterinary units in rural areas are being developed but many areas of the
l/W13/1_2/31/14.1/
country are still without regular organised 'veterinary service facilities.
O. Veterinary supplies and materials
Peru is capable of proSucing ersentially all biologicals required in the country,
but still must import antibiotics and raw materials for veterinary pharmaceuticals.
CONFurana
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
The plants no in operation are fulfilling the present needs of the existing
veterinary programa and production can be expanded if larger scale animal hcelth
programa are adopted.
50X1
BI:-,Reference data -- Not included in this report.
I. Comments on principal sources
1. Evaluation -- General material on the incidence of animal diseases end the ?
activities of veterinary services is quite adequate. Detailed information on
dieeace incidence rates, and specific duties and functions of veterinary urine is
lacking simply because adequate inVestilvations are lackin7 and the discipline over
services The information on veterinary legal aspects are confused by the
conglomeration of legislation that baa been enacted without reference to or repeal
of previous regulations and decrees. Rpfcrences to veterinary ?manpower and
education, as well as to veterinari material and facilities are quite adequate.
2. List of sources (in order of importance)
_(1) VeterinariatZaotecrida(Magazine of Veterinary Science and Animal
Husbandry) .? Various issues. .Lima. Pablicaoionea Agropecuarias, S. A.
1959-1950. (Unclassified)
(2) United -Rations, Food and Agriculture Organization.. Report of the .
International fleeting on Veterinary Education. Held in London -25 to
30 April 1960. Rome. April 1960. (Unclaailfied)
(3) The Agricultural Develnprent of, Peru.. ''shingtop D. C. Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Bank for
Reconstruction and .Development. August 1959. (Unclaapified)
(4) United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization/Office of International
Epizootics. FAG/OIR Animal Health Yearbook 1960, Rome. 1961.
(Unclassified)
(5) Ramos, S., Dr. Teodoro. "Aspects Zoosanitaires du Perm," (zoo-
sanitary Aspects in Pm).- Bulletin de L'Office International des
Booties (Bulletin of the Office of International Epizootics).
vol. LVL Paris. Ray 1961. (Uncle:mined)
-12 -?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Notional
Agricultural !
-isory Counciii
Servioe for g
Ps..,cimotion and
Inveatir.ation
At-,P_Cue
(SIPA)
inatitrbe 1
Hesearcki end
tenon
L:&tenoion
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Yiguro Organization of ti c Vetinary Caxvicas in Pam - 1961.
?
GPM
Animal
Production
Programs
Mira.
Nirdatry
ore
Agolcultura
? Y. ,tira
4 a...6 aP2StSIC. Tip 04,0 ?-.1tr,
1.1'11
oP
avestoel;
Marcoo
Fmulty
(Antonoronc)
Niniotry
of
1 Heal th and Sociallj
A3Bi s tame
A
SeMiano....0,91no0140111",
oymmve...-?memmue....yotry-tfitli
1 Veilerinary
Regulatory
1 ? Progjmns_ j
-
AUGcm..un
inoominat:Ion
,Poot-and4loutb,DiseaSe
Vaccine Peoduction
Laboratoy
?National Vaccina Produc-
tion Laborato4
LAnimal Breading Farms (Eaalth)
p nat Inspection
C-
LRegulatoy Progngo
AnImal Znepaction and
ko. I ;in PZ ire*:4.. .
e..a.,..re,.ROCNITIgx.20102,41L.molut,trul7m47,11
0:111r=lt 2
Veterinary
47th1ic Naalth$
N.,Soction
\
Pood Inapection
_ZoonoGea
8t?,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
R
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Table of Contents
Brazil
N/5 ci4/-54-? A/S-
50x1
ucr
Page
A.
General
1
B.
Environmental factors
1
1.
Topography and climate
1
2.
Socio-economic pattern
2
4.
Nutrition
2
c. FOOd sanitation
2
C.
Diseases
3
2.
Disealses of animals
3
(1) Foot-and-Mouth disease
3
(2) Hog cholera
3
(3) Brucellosis
14
(1t) Anthrax
4
(5) Anaplasmosis and piroplasmosis
4
(6) Equine encephalomyelitia
4
(7) Newcastle. disease
4
(8) Parasites
5
(9) Oth( r diseasel
5
D.
Veterinary organisation and administration
5
1.
Civilian
5
a. Organization
5
b. Legal controls
7
(1) Licensare
7
(2) Quarantine
7
(3) Inspection
8
C. Professiorial veterinary organiPations
8
d. Veterinary research
8
2.
Military veterinary organisation
9
E.
Veterinary manpower
9
a.
Distribution
9
b.
Training
10
F.
Veterinary medical facilities
10
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
O.
Veterinary Supplies and material,
50X1
H.
Reference data
12
I.
.Comments on cipel. sources
32
1. Evaluation
22
-?
2. ? List of sources (in order_of? .)
12
t Location of Agriculture-and Veterinary.eg.es in Bra
bllography
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
A., General
9
s a larger livestock opulation than
fleepite this numerical
that of Argentina because of less effective ni
management and indiscrimin4etved
qualified veterinarians, poorly organ eterin
or enforce co
disease and pa . Et forts
6
nerelly confined to the herds of a few
States. Adequate sanitary
fective
50X1
other in Arrican country,
LIve k prodw,ta is lese than
disease control, poorerlivestock
a
k Our icient number of
ice
rid
ilur, to establish
stock loanes from
is control have been
3 -s in the southern
pervte&on of etock products is carried out
only in the export- slaughterhonaes. (frigorificoe) end, a
Abattoirs. A substantial volume of meat is
time and loss through spoilege is high,
The government
sanitation', and has recent
the lack of attention to
recommend progressive veterinary prografts and to
educational stend
8.Environmental. factors
1. Topog.aphy And cUrtats The ,aneion
than the coastal plain and the southern n?s
of the najor Jennie:LP/1
sea*s control and food
international ore eations to
e on I
in Veterinary
stock industry In
by
high high incidence of
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
CONFIDENTIAL
diaesses and parasites in the 'w.. tropicalolimate of the Amazon toxin and the drought
aro In the nort
areas nearer popu
produc
naccessibility to marketo also tends to. confine production to
41 121 1/
n density*
io-ec nomic pattern With the exception of a relettvc.1y fey weeIthy large
raisera
control, The icrve
?
rviceehave no
p ?
ock
The low income level of the major portion of the Ivpulation and prev
production costs limit*
17 high
refrigeration and adequate tr
dried bt cafled ?barque.
from low quality anbale.
4. Vutrition
c. rood sanitation
sul
oduded
k products, p
nlarly in rural areas lack of
ties and supervision Thr ea
of the sun
con
La
were maintained at about 21 export alaughter u (frigor on) and a few anuaicipia
e2auCterhQueee in the largcr urban sres in 1957. Moe$ rural elauph rhou s and nearly
b_e
the 70 " harqueedee (dried meat plants) in Brasil do not Maintain
atandarde ofjhygienio production, Improvement ha a recently been adh
enforced reconstruction of build
equipmcnt0 Etcept In a few retail market*
catering to high class trade, there is, little attempt to handle neat. in a tannery
WW2/
mantle
?
;Y3NE1DLNTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
. Diseases
2. Masao*, of animals Both the nuMbor of disease, and, in meet cases,
their incidence, in Brasil is es high or higher than in other Latin American'conntries.
The majority of livestock producers are either unaware of modern disease and parasite
control procedures or mill not undertake measure to imp co Won' for their
animals. The veterinary servIces are generally ineffective. Regulation* to eradicate
or eliminate the spread of diseases here either not been enacted at all ex' the onesthat
have been enacted have not been fanfare
These factors are major causes for Brasilie
failure to achieve production necessary to maintain normal consumption rate. for its
increasing population and to take ttU advantage of a profitable export
W 2.-PLW 2.21 2.7.2/
market.
(1) uth disease -- Get -mouth dieease is endeeic over all the
major livestock producing
a
types 0440 occur regularly and
mixed infections with thee.immunological separate types have been reported in some
outbreaks. Tao government laboratories prepare ov
$ million doses of vaccine each
year but this is insufficient far effective contra. The leek of susceptible animals
for vowing virus for vaccines bas largely been overcome by recent introduction of the
tissue culture technique now in usiain Europe. t-and.mouth disease is particularly
serious in its debilitating effect on cattle.
of government or. t,ate
funds allocated for animal disease contrdl are expended on the programs intended to
10/ 11/ 12/ 13/
control foot-and-mouth disease, particularly in dairy herds.
(2) NOR cholera -- Beg cholera resets in Serious loss,* annually in Brasil
Vaccination, using the Crystal liolet-type vaccine, bas reduced infection in scale areas,
and the more effective attenuated virus vaccines are radua1ly being introduced,
6. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
(3) Brucellosis -- A tars regional investigative surveys for bovine bruaelleeis
reveal incidence as hich as 15 percent. The State of Sao Paulo is the only area that has
attempted a serious eradication
the original plan of eliminating reactors
has given way to a less effestim 'vsceination plan because of the inabilitr to filmic.'
an indemnification for el tared reactors. State and ?lidera veterinarians cannot
agree on a coordinated control procedure and there is little hope that this disease
gi 10/ 12/
can be brought under effective control.
(14) Anthrax "4 Ant
INIIINFONOMOMMI?10
in r,oat areas of
cattle raisers vice/nate regularly, and the or State gave
provide veterinary service to the less developed
s attempt to
outbreak. occur.
salve
(5) Anaplammosie and pfroplsaiaBoth of these protosoon blood diseases
are serious among imported cattle other than *Oa types. Dairy cattle are generally
treated regularly to eliminate tiekim which are the vectors, and drugs to coebat the
2,..01 RID/
infection are available.
(6) Equine enoephalomy. - Equine eneephalogyelitie*,principelly affecting
horses, occur* frequently, partieularly in the Northern sons. It is highly virulent and
considered of considerable importance because humans are occuionally affected.
Vaccination is carried out when outbreaks occuri-butwell-planned preventive programs
2-9/32/
are not undertaken.
(7) Neweastle._ disease -- Recent advance* in an expanding
have
stimulated considerable coisrn over the *Mete of Nweca3tle disease. Concentrated
poultry produetinal installations are endangered unless regular effective vaccination
te carried out. The government laboioieries are currently producing sufficient
quantities ofreoeines for Indust
produetion but the lack of application
,AakIDE7TI4L
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
of vaccine in the small fann flocke r
(8)
so extensively that.a. classification aC.ozii external parasite of major 5.znportanee
debility through irritation in its mi gratory
the value of hides thouph the effect of its
serious losses.
2:213-5/191
Both internal and e.ztcrnal parasitism affect Bratilien livestock
being veotors of animal dis
growth and dcvelopmcnt efficiency. They
relative slgniftcsxcc is impossible.
stage causes
rmatdba hominusi
nt in the ani and seriously reduces'
Ticks, beside
Wee ardenal
sponsible for irritation
also.respons
damage. Psoroptic and other types: of iange in sheep are coon
and wool production. The more proeressive tamers, c
to reduce intes
drivcloPed in
areas.
oss in meat
spraying or dipping programa
the rational use and rotation.of insecticides is not well
Internal p 0 are as important a source of livestock ces as
parasites and some, such as Ecbinococc
for human infestation. Zn a recent zii
infestation resul
livestock industry baa
except in a few *rens.
east
Cysticcrcuss and Trichinella, mz responsible
that parasitic
Eftzilian
t lose in the wool yie
established masa trcathent procedures for p
(9) Other dloseasee -- Other
ellosis and blackleg in cattle,
mastitia and .deficiency diseeses among sheep.
D. Veterinary organization and pdninXstration
1. Civilian
a. aniaation Teo depaztmente, the National
teritiss pasteur-
tetanus and mange in horses4 and foot rots
and the
DOWFIDZNITAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAI
?
National Veterinary Education and ecxch Dpztrente, d
.01
the )ttuiatrjrof
Agriculture, are rceponsible for the Federal veterinary services in Bra
?
National Animal Production Department headed by a director general, le mad
up Of five
divisions* (1) Develonent of Animal Produc ions reeponai.ble forbrecding and animal
husbandry) (2) Buntinc and
a
of Products of Aninuml Origin, oh
oharged with wildlife conservation; (3) Trutpection
tenterno4 with inspection of export products)
(4) Field Services, inttuded to control ?pideic d5eaesi and ?ozduot investaga
and (5) Institute of Animal Biolo, which produces biologics not normally produced by
gene
earns and conducte a limited eriunt of research
Dep
s-onsible
r
case diegnos
Education and Research also headed by a director
education. This Department establishes
nary, anima htt andry
ror veterinary eduoaten in all
Brazilian vet?iirary schzols and conducts research in conjunction with the divisions
y iv, 12/
and laboratories of the Department.of Animal avduction,
itri0123states have veterinary serviceS organised in ai
those of the Federal rove nt. Some of the less developed eta
s. Cooperation between State and Federal, services has not
Podral
ewtablie
the deVelopmmnt of conflict&
meat
U
on the
in inefficient dis.a*e contra planning Loma-1y
.4../
I les.
ow major municipalities provide veterinary
a
Almost every section of Fede'al and State servic
e,. e chiefly concerned with
adequate funds to effectively carry out the scheduled veterinary prot
flationary trends tail still further the money available for
coltuudiaut
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
eGINFIDENTIAt
/n avast unexploited area, comprieing the drainage basin of the Amason,
recommendations for orgariitng a vet
ic
under the u -rintendenty for the
Plan of Eton elopment of the Asisson (Cuperin oie do Plano de aloricacso
Eco zonia SFV), are being considerad. Thia servIce, under a Chief
Veterinarian, mould be co17rieed of eix sectirna: ( ) veterinary diagnosis and vacciru
laboratories, (2) veterinary
(4) personnel instruction
.?1
service.
(3) alit
(5; food inspection service, (6) veterinary police
cat' e prodnc,ra and, variouS oat tleien's associations exert a
powerful itfluence on th.: veterinary ilervicee o
adversely affect the operation of necess
their actions frequently
orrame. 3$
thee :sources ha3 led to the abandonment of eucb prorrams as rerional brucaloele
.control, the dangerous relaxation of animal import and querantina raquiromenta, and the
k from infected previiaee.
failure to control thelevv, e
b, Lotal trols
Ltcenaure Veterinary undue
etvitzg the daree of sVeterinario,0
signed by the college director sc the secretary of the college end registered by the Su-
perintendenoof !gricultural and "Urinary Instruction (Supertnt.rd.ncia do Ensino
Acricola e Veterinario SEAV)4
employment:
) aran
legally qnalifled forcovert:sent or private
Agric
for animals and some animal products being import
twenty-four hours prior to entry. Regulations
the Plin.is try
emotional quarantine atatie
Ca
of arri
a
ed according to the discretion of
land of Perando de Noronha,
CaDiFiD4Igaiilf
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAti
for export and import of animals in the srea has been proposed, and delegates to Inter-
American Meetings on Livestock Production have recommended studies or the, edviaability
and feasibility of such an installation. Brasil has made use Of this statton in
quarantining imported
breaches of Brazilian regulat
ibutton but there have been frequent
importation and quarantine. Quarantine of
diseased premises within the country has been imposed, but inmost case. these measures
13/ 12/
have not been effeetively implemented.
(3) Inspection Effective meat inspection is carried out only in export
2.14/
slaughterhonses and a fewmajor micipsi abattoire.
Professional veterinary organisations
an octety of Veterinary Medic (The Soo
Medicine Veterinaria) represent
quarterly bulletin.
associations, the Soo Paulo gociety of Veterinary Msdicine (Bociedads Paulistad.
profession at the.national level and publishes a
or livestock producing states hove
veterinary
being
Medicine Veterinaria) / the most notable. rasil eterinarisns are featly* partici
5.
pants in the Pan American Veterinary
Veterinary resear
Veterinary rester
among Latin American countries despite detici
inadequate number of research facilities, and
high quality level
in educational standards, an
ck of a regular appropriationof
sufficient funds.. This anomaly is a tribute to the individual re archers who have by
personal effort risen above the adverse circumstances
profession.
Research in animal virus tissue culture propogation and serological studies
compare favorably with research of ot countries.of certain plants has
received considerable research attention and sytataattc identification of parasites
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
? '107FIDENTIAL
has not been ignored. Unfortunately, the eplicationot research toward
livestock production
n achieved because of ineffective veterinary orgemisation
and economic conditions which have stifled the development of field
2/IVY IS 121 31/
promme.
2. Militry veterinarr organization
The Rwnoixnt and Voteri Service (Services de. Rmontz e Veterineria) of the
Ministry of War, directed by a Brigadier General, has become. eonsideraly sore important
than similar service in other Latin American countries, because.
sillan armed
forces maintain a number of livestock farms to upply animal foA products for s
troops. Duties of the veterinary service incl
.dieease prevention, and e quine breed
Brazilian officers have attended the
States.LW
E.
Brazil are employed in t
of the remainder arc or
mounted and transport service. verd
At least 85 percent of the a
State governeent $
ical firms r ot
seed by b
food inspection echooia ?
1y 1500 veterinarians in
s. and institutio Most
ustries interested
in livestock production. Private practiot is .negligible. The ratio of veterinarians to
livestock units (11501,000) ie clearly far below reasonable etandards for effective
animal care and disease prevention. This lack of a
to imal health
complicated.by an inequitable distribution of veterinarians, resulting in irre
or neglected veterinary service in remote and currently undeveloped livestock producing
The Brasilien government has not provided ei?ficant inoentivee for -person to
endure trif
living conditions in these remote are thereforesmost veterinarians
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
qviimaaiamoo
obtain -employment in intitutis or colleges in metropoli
Effo 'are being
made to increaote the selection of rural youths for admisa on to veterinary schools
J/W
hopes thnt t
to the
tY at
veterinary colleges are sti'ategictUy lecated.in Al.ofthe
most populated and oxltura3.].y advanced states" pith t-
curre
and S
college ?ndards establishedn 19
with the exception o
teacher-etudent ratios, clinical facilities
important live
situated in the
k producing . Although all.. of these Federal
3
ors. to the*mania= superior
in
s considerably
'budge ? la
optimum naber for
Brazilian schools
criteria for conformity
diltercncea exist in
and operational
chools, the veterinary udent enrol nt is fa belowt
I veterinary eduction. Tho four d in
on to overemphasia of theoretical aspects of subject matter
tandards.
too short de adeaette veterinary educatiOn aocordier to
Surveye f-nd recomnendation?
teachingtechniques, and financial sup
it will apparently be sore t
sill be in a po.Ation to pro
esPe
teri
ea,
by eder e]. or State orxmien
persormel in suff&c?
to improve significantly the animal health ear'sand diacase preventiOn.
for advanced training are fee, and most eter arians who receive such ucation are
rs1
absorbed -by veterinary colleges as
IAA ons
ee
?
facilities
facilities to pr?ve veterinary care or diagnostic services exist other than
those of the educationnl institutions and the biological production laborator ?
.10+
COPFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
. CONFIDENT TAL
?
Veterinarians are forced to rely largely on cl
cal d
Recommendations by var
to centers and a modest eater-borne mobile laboratory in the Amason
region have not resulted in eitive
was the eutab3.i het of the Pana
Thia interne tonally aupported in
investigations of vesicular dines
:serving as
-
nt in providing v?rinery facilities tt recent years
ercan Foot-and Diieas. Center near Rio 4e.Janeiro.
titutitm baa made ueetul contrihnttons to the
et, n to the train&rg of terinarians, az won as
for the
ilot project for the p
W 10 22/ 2g/
region.
Brasil
supplies and rA
eeaentiaUy 1 of i
on of More effec
of the necessary modioinal products. A part of
cetti els in imported
iologioal producte and mo
ountry. The moat *
Pharza?
imports are Ineecticidal triel from the United states, or from the United Kingdom
and other Fuoppemn countriea.
Both State and Federal depart= f agriculture main
and pharmaceutical producing 1oz'tortes, and private c
veterina
concern., are
Oftlas forma
outside these
for commercial sable and
ber of bialogicil
fracture or prepare
ntracts. au of the prate
Umited nuMber or ,prodnota.
entere is slow and inefficien
us in the populated areas, but distribution
Strict regulations' govern the registration ale of foreign veterinary products
but internal control
043.
OWIDLNTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
The part of veterinary
because trcatmerit of individual an
H. Jeferenoe data
Pirure l Z>cation of Veterinary Schools.
X. Commente on prinips3. sources
I. ion -- The most useful inform
found e 4 and 6.
Sources 2 -14 and 5 together formed
An . diseases (C2) Znctdcnce of disease
no extensive eurreys have been accompliehed.
dise
reventive preparat
2.-9/10-1/43/43.2,
n in Brazil.
50X1
sources for numerating the
term, because
Source I as reasnably complete inscribing Veterinary organization04-and
the information was brought up to date by brief reference in a nu*dr of other sources.
The data relative to Manpower(E) and Veterinary
sources 1 - 2 and 8.
Veterinary supplies and materials(0) information van co
brief references in many so_rce '4ocumente. The important were sources 5and 8,
equate in
annumber of
Source 8 is quite oldi. but the data is eubstant
sources.
2. List of sources of importance
material m meroue other
1. Vnillaumes Prof, R. The Veterinary Profession in ** C"ilation of
Veter Medicine(Recueil de Viededin* Veterinaire). vol.. 13s. Veterina
c emy o Paris 19540 (17nclaacitied)
20 Ware, George W. and Lincoln Monteiro Rodrigues.?
Veteri.n517 Gellegies of Preeil (Relatorio Sebre As so Agr C t
lie ' a be **all.) Eleritorio Tecate? de Agriculture (ETA). Rio de
janeiro. August 1954. (Unclassified)
3 Vatted Nationeo_lood and Agriculture Organizatio ETAP Report No* 340* .
to the Government of Brazil on the Problem of Animal Parasites and their
. J
-12-
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
4. united Rations
Americ
ma
Re
Th
tIe:Seoz4 Panamc
50X1
?
6.
nos. 1 - 10.
Rio de Janeiro.
7. Mood, Benjamin D. Joel Profeesion in the Americas*
American Veterinary redical Ascoe on.
Educational Program. Jourp o
voI. 126, no. 938. Ame*rican eterinaryredicall. issociations Chicago,
=nein. May 1955 (Unclassified)
8. U.S. Department of Onmmercei "Veterinary Medicinala and Biologicals in
Brasil*" World Trade in Oommoditiea. vol. WI, Part 3, no.?. U.S. Oovernme
Printing OFFE;;Tagia3117177:--44nuary 1949. (Unclassified)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
'-
Figure 1: Location of AgricUlture and Volleritter7.
locolizoccib dos Esc?los de Agriculturo eWOW
Source 1/
El
ter
Legendats, 0
0
Avienitaral 00131410
hoiettlituel College
Apicalltaral College
Veterinary Connie -
Veterinary Collage
Tanga de Agrogania 4.Anaemia
(Dela)
? redaral
^ Stat.
- Primate
Pedersi .
Stets
Yawls de Aground* do Car;
(Jcalaleas)
S. lied. to.
oric 1.
*IP? API*
iintia de gasiros.
(Piraainaba )
kno do Adrobords
da Paraiba -
(AM)
ZOO* Sup. de Vat.
Perneadvaae
('War)
Sup. 4. 40:11.
- Penainnea
('saito)
Apanosin ds Dahl*
(Crus den Alas)
4. 1104.. Wt. 4111 alidA
(aL111401V ) .
Sap, 1144?. Minas Garai* -
(W.* Urinate)
Inn. Bap 471. Mime Gerais
Meow )
see. Sep. Apt. dw.Invres
Noe* Ms. de *oda el Vet* ?
(Iiiterei1 ?
litaiemil de Vetarinarie
(1447)
liselanal 4. tgralade
(11.4?)
4 .
. Irbe effielailaw? eddrionet 41700tary - ate
? et eitablialimsat,01?14?Vettw? atthnritr
Sad otheriti tatorsoitio as limb. lot
_ $ par* AWL. 7t'ibe ao of sfRietitare mod interi,-
do real= .2 entiegee orry la 5ssii, ars Om 1.? TWO l? ?
(Oaritibt 1 .
? Vet.
2 ,
(Porta Alegre)
OM& isomatamelo as labia 3. a Ossaibe,
so teoproble owe 4i. lieeoloot ? io.,
poi dirotaru, &tow du tteriWiii, eekoptima
*sift I quo sotgo valletimlie ? *P se
? de Agrb? tomoisosittsi es' 20 :01401114' 41, sin
1. *133.??? *mini*
0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
_ ?_
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
?
HALM. BYPTIOGRAIIIX
Brasil
50X1
1. are, Oeorre W. and Lincoln Mbnteiro Rodrirues. Reyort on the AgricUltural and
Veterinary Colleges of Drasil (Relatorio Sobre As hecolae De A rictltura 8 Veterinaria
Do &sail) gecritorio Tecnico de Aericulture (PTA). Rio de Janeiro.
August 194. (Unclassified)
2. Merchant, Dr. I. A. fie mrt and Recommendations of the Teac of Veterin
Health and Ryeiene in so o e r c fi 197, vera
Sao Paulo, Braill. Pan Awrican Sanitary Bureau. Washington, D. C. 1956.
(UhcIaesified)
United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. ETAP Report No. 340. Report to
the Government of Brazil on the Problem of *eine Parasites and their Control.
1576;7-JEUR571955. (Unclass ticd)
4. United Ratims, Food and Agriculture Orgatizatt.n. ETAP Report no. 852. Report to
the Government of Brazil on Livestock Production in the Amazon Valley.
tem.. 1.99t1. (Unclassified)
5. United Nations, Fool and Agriculture Organization. ETAP Report No. 310. Report
the Government of Brazil on the Control of Brucellosie. Rome. September
f.
3.
itt:?
Public
a o
rit
6. Veillanme, Prof. a. "The Veterinary Profession in Brasil." Compilation of Veterinary
Medicine (Recueil de &decline Veterinaire). vol. 130. Voterfnary ficadmy of
France. Paris. 1954. (Uhclaseified)
7. Cunha, R. G. andFichhorn, E. A. "Studies on Rabbit-tdapted Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Virus. I. Propagation and Pathoeenicity." American Journal of Veterinary Research.
Chicago, IllinJis. January 1959. (UnclasJified)
8. Blood, Benjamin D. "The Veterinary Medical Profeezion in the Americas: Its Educatienal
Program." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. vol. 126, no. 938.
American Veterinary Medics]. Chioaco, Illinois. May 1955.
(UnclasAfied)
9. Blood, Benjamin D. "Veterinary Medical Profession in the Americas 1950." Journal
of the American Veterinary Medical Are;ociatien. vol. 122, no. 913. American Veterin-
ary Helical Azsociation. Chicago, Xllinois. April 1953. (Uncla.:sified)
10. Panamerican Veterinary Congress. Proceedings of the Second Paaawrican Veterinary
Conrress April 3-10 1954, (Anais do Segundo Congreseo Ianamericano de Medicine-
Veterinar(a). vols. 1 and 2. Sao Paulo., Brasil. 1954. (Unclaceified)
U. Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Tht- Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center
Annual Reports, 1952 - 1957. Washington, D. C. (Unclazsified)
12. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Report of the Second Inter-
American Meetinr on Livestock Production. Rome. June 1953. (Unclassified)
13. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Recent develoientaaffectin
Livestock Production in the Americas. Rome. 1956. ass ed
14. Ellie, N. R. and Phillips, Ralph W. Official Repert of the United States Delegation
to the Fourth Inter-American Mif.xtin orThestockuotion tis-ston Jamaica.
A . Was , n, ov r r
? ;
a ?
' ?
;
L_ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
Declassified
15.
16.
in ,Part - Sanitized Copy Approved
United Wiens, Food and Agriculture
Statistics 1957. vol. II,
for Release 2013/09/25:
CIA-RDP80R01426R0098001200,21-2
50X1 44
Organization.c.....wimy....1IltrearbookofFooandural
Part 1. Rome. 1958.
Foreign.Agricultural
a of Latin America.
One m
Service. Miscellaneous Publieaticz
U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
No. 743. cultural Geo
Irlashington, May
esa
17.
Pan American Sanitary Bureau.
of Rqorts
on the Health Conditions in the
Americas 1950-1953. Washington,
D. C. o1956.
(Unclassified)
18.
Pan Am riean sanitary Bureau.
Annual Report of the Director 1955. Washington, D. C.
IttlY 1956. (Unclassified)
19.
United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisatisn.
Report of the joint FAG/OIE
)1eetir on the Control of Tick4orne Diseases of
Livestock. Rome. 1956.
20.
University of Sao Paulo. Revista da Faculdade de Medicine Viterineria. (Review of
the Faculty of VeterinaryHair-W-)-r-T-(7-6:7"---7---auaulose.vo.,n.
December 1956. (Unclassified)
21.
Bolstim da Socieded! p,41uct:lis!' de Medicine Veterinaria. (Bulletin of
the Fatalist" o Ye ?r c 8oc e ? r0 r Medicine.
Vol. U, no. 1. Lto Paulo, Brasil. 1956. (Uncleszified)
22. U.S. Department of Agrieulture, Foreign Agricultural, Service. "Milk Price Increase
Authorized in Brasil." Foreggn Crops and Markets. vol. 77, no. 6. August 11,
1958. (Unclassified)
23. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service Report No. AOR 55.
"Information Regarding Brazil's Dairy Cattle Imports." Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
December 16, 1958. (Uholitasified)
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Foreign Agricultural Service Report No. A011.13.
"Crisis in Brazilian Meat Industry." Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. July 30, 1958.
(Unclassified)
25. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Foreign AgricultureEervice Report No. AOR 49.
"Annual Poultry and ea Report." Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. February 13, 1957.
(Uncla=ified)
24.
26. U.S. Department of State. Foreign Sverice Despatch No. 1323. "Import Status of
Bovine and Other Breeding Semen." Rio de Janeiro. May 20, 1958. (Unclassified)
27. U.S.'Departmi;nt of State. Foreign Service Despatch No. 9. "Edonamic Summary for
August 1957." American Consulate. Pernambuco, Brazil. September 9, 1957.
(Unclassified)
28. U.S. Department of State. Foreign Service Despatch NO. 221. "TransMittal of
Brazilian Regulations for Industrial and Sanitary Inspection of Animal Origin."
Pio de Janeiro. August 22, 1957. (Unclassified)
29. U.S. Department of State. Incoming telegram No. 1010. "Blanc) encephalomyelitis."
Rio do Janeiro. April 30, 1955. (Unclassified)
30. U.S. Department of State. Foreign Service Despatch No. 927. "Newcastle Poultry Dis-
ease in Brazil." Rio de Janeiro. January 27, 1954. (Unclassified) ?
-b-
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
V 7
4
31. . Bilhteenth International Geocr5(phisal Congress Excursion Guidebook.
nE3777.710. International GoocrephIcal Union, Dresilian National Committee.
Rio de Janeiro. 1956. (Unclivsified)
32. Howell Davies, ed. The Douth American Handbook 1956,6a. Trade and Travel
PUblicetions, Ltd. ndon. 1957. (Oholassified)
33. U.S. Departnent of Commerce. "Veterinary Medicinals and Biologicals in Brazil."
World Trade in Cowmdities. vol. VII, Part 3, no. 7. U.S. Gow:rnment Print-
ing Office, Washtngton, D. C. January 1949. (Unclassified)
awe ?
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
(.4S
Table of Contents
I4 Uppiasa
A.
B.
General
Environmental factors affecting animal healt
ftit
1
2
1.
Topopraphy and climate
2
2.
Socioaeconomic nattern
2
4.
Nutrition
2
a. Dietary level
2
b. Food supply and distribution
3
c. Food sanitation, store* and technology
3
0.
Diseases
3
2.
Diseases of minas
3
a. Prevalent anima diseases
4
(1) Hemorrhagic septicemia
4
(2) Diseases of young animals
5
(3) Anthrax
5
(4) Trypaeosomiaeis
5
(5) Rabies
6
(6) Ebg cholera
6
(7) Newcastle disease
6
b. Other important diseases
6
D.
Veterinary organisation and admiMstration
7
1.
Civilian
7
a. Veterinary amanization
7
b. Legal controls
9
(1) Licensure
9
(2) Quarantine
9
(3) inspection
9
c. Proftsional veterinary oranisatiAt
9
d. Veterinary resesoch
9
f. Ymerrency veterinary services
10
2.
Military veterinary orranisation
10
E.
Vettrinary manpower
10
F.
Veterinary facilities
11
0.
Veterinary supplies and materials
12
.1.
LDeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
R. Reference data 32
I. Comments on .r1ncipal sources 12
1. Realustion
2. List of sources (in order of in erten(*) 13
Figure is Orpnnisation of Veterinary Services* Philippines - 1959.
Plaster tztbliograpby
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
E899 Section 45
Philippimos
A. General
Both animal disease control and veterinary public health measures in the
Philippines, while improving somewhat in recent years are inadequate to insure
progressive development of =ilia production or the effective protection of the
human population against zoonotic diseases.
Throughout the, entire period Of the existence of veterinary 'cervices in the
Philippines, the modest advances and achievements have been largely the result of
U. S. military Or other governmental agencies technical, financial end materiel
support., ,During the past decade, a trend on the part of Philippine officials to
assume more active responsibility for condubt of veterinary programs has become
apparent.
Neither veterinary personnel nor facilities, are yet adequate to cope effectively
with the extensive animal disease and veterinary public health problems over the
widely dispersed Philippine archipelago..
The Philippine government has supported the principles of animal disease control
by passing elaborate legislation designed to facilitate. animal disease control but
has failed to provide sufficient funds to carry out the legally established
requirements.
Virtually .11 Philippine veterinary laboratories and educational institutions,
sad some food marketing installations, have been supported, to some degree, by
U. S.-donations or grants.
-1-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
tUNFIDENTIAL
Philippine veterinarians participate actively in regional veterinary meetings
and a considerable number have taken advantage of special or advanced training
y Ey 21/ 2s
abroad.
B. Environmontal factors affecting animal health
1. Topography and climate -- The Philippines' humid tropical climate favors
the propagation of animal diseases and parasitic infestations. However, the
relative regional isolation provided by the island character of the area might be
expected to contribute to confinement and step-by-step eradication or control of
animal diseases. This obvious advantage is nullified by the lack of. adequate
qualified personnel to investigate Waal diseaaes, supervise control measure? or
enforce existing regulations. I/ MYYS
2. Sociaeconeade pattern -- Response to Philippine veterinary authorities,
. -
? efforts to improve animal health conditions varies from strong dependence on the
part of more enlightened ranchers to mistrust and even outright *opposition in the
poorer primitive rural areas. Superstition and ignorance play an important part
in the resistance to implementieg:modern disease control methods. Furthermore,
the government has not made sufficient funds available to carry out more than token
? ' demonstration or extension animal health end sanitation techniques.
4. Nutrition'
a. Dietary level Caloric intake of animal protein by Filipinos is
serioudly low but antral production has changed little from immediate pre-Werld
Var II levels, despite substantial effort towards increased livestock breeding or
improved spinal husbandry methods. At the same time, population growth has been
2/25/2/23/
rapid, thus increasing requirements for livestock products.- .
CONFIDENTVIL
k_ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
b. Food supply and distribetion -- The Philippines is still far from
self?suffioient in production of food of animal origin and is dependent, for current
consumption to the extent of about one?third of the total, on imports. Animal
disease control is an integral and continuing part of the Philippine government's
plans, supported by U. 8. assistance, for *prating the availability and distribution
of meat and animal products. Distribution and consumption is automatically limited
by the government's firm' bans on the slaughter of water buffalo and the high cost
to the consumers of imported products. Considerable progress has been made in
upgrading and accelerated breeding of the local animal population, but large areas
of potentially valuable grazing land are inefficiently utilized or completely
neglected. A serious attempt by the Philippine government and the International
Cooperation Administration has been made to increase the milk production of the
carabao by introduction and distribution of high quality-DxLian milking strain
water buffalo.
Ci rood sanitation, storage and 'technology ? Modern sanitary slaughtering,
storage and marketing facilities have been developed in ma/or metropolitan areas.
However, the chain of distribution and effective maintenance of installations and
equipment is neglected.. As in all Astern Pacific countries, information on food
borne infections is incomplete, but evidence indicates majority of such infections
are due to contamination or spoilage of fish and fish products rather than of meat
.13/ 2,/ 31/
or milk..
C. Diseases
2. Diseases of animals -- Virtually every animal disease and infestation
common in the Astern Pacific and Southeast Asia area, with the exception of
CONFIDENTIAL
?3.0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021:2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL ?
rinderpept, last eradicated in 1956, is widespread in the Philippines. Currently,
the Philippine government has neither available technital.manpower.nor eeonomio
resources to effectively combit more than a sill part of the existing disease
conditions. Idealistic government disease control proposali have not been trans-
lated into action pz'bgraa arsi the dedicated attitude of a email cote of veterinary
officials towards improvemcnt of animal health services has not been instilled in
the majority of veterinary personnel. Disease reporting in outlying areas is often
delayed; consequently, diseasesfrequently Spread over wide areas before preventive
2/2 22/
- measures can be lannohed.
Prevalent aninal diseases
. (1) Hemorrhagic septiceeia -- With the exception of a few Asian areas
where rinderpest hat not yet been brought under control, hemorrhagic septicemia
is considered the most,ecOnomically etrious.animel disease in- Southeast al*. Since
the eradication of a rinderpest outbreak in the Philippines in 1956, the importance
of hemorrhagic fepticenda.ls again -paramount in importance. Past Outbreaks have;
at time, caused mortality approaching 104 percent. Since intensive.Waccination
and preventive measures were inaerguated in 1956 mortelity has been conaiderably
reduced. .In the 1957158 fiscal year thirty-five of the fifty-four Philippine
provinces were infected and 625,000 animals were vaccinated with bacterins and
eutochthonous vaccines The Philippine veterinary service is legging behind many
other Southeast Asian countries in research and development of newer type continuous
aerated culture vaccines prepared from :selected 4immrscigei0 Hobert Type 1 pasteurella
strains. During the 1959 Food and Agriculture Orgamizationlbeting on Hemorrhagic
Septicemia, held in Wale, Philippine veterinary authorities recognized the
CONFIDENTIAL ?
'44- ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
61.1.
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
r"wFTDENTIATI
importance Of recent research on this disease, began production of the new type
mane and initiated a program to isolate indigenous ,immunogenic strains of
pasteurella.
(2) Disessegof young animals -- Wee differentiation of disease
losses among young animals is rarely carried out, these conditions have been
designated as Diseases of Young Animals in the Philippines, as well an in most other
countries of this area. NO eystematic studies have Wen carried out, but over a
period of several years, mortality on Government stock farms and a few better
managed private ranches, has varied from 19 percent to as highs.) 100 percent. The
principal causes c loss are parasitic infestations, bacterial or bactorio-iviral
diarrheas and undeseriminated pneumonias. The government isterinary services are
concentrating now on rather widespread application of sanitary measures and to a
lted extent on antibiotic and ?hemp-therapeutic treatment at mane of control.
It is quite obvious that these conditions of young animals Are among the most serious
g
factors inhibiting the recovery in animal production.
? (3) Anthrax -- Anthrax is a continuing threat to the livestock industry.
Fairly intensive vaccination in episootia areas has reduced losses fro* this disease
in recantlrears, but the disease will continue to be asajor problem because of the
2/ El
'organisms ability to survive in soil Over a long period of time.
? (4) Trypanosomiasis Trypanosomiasis (Sum), a protozoan disease, is
common throughout the Philippines. Cattle aid water buffalo, in which the dimes:se
is quite !mild, are the chief reservoirs of infection. Bloodsucking flies transmit
the disease to equine which are highly susceptible, and mortality is high among
2.2/ 12/ 20.1
homes in areas populated by cattle or buffalo:
CONFIDENTIAL
.5_
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved forRelease2013/09/25 : CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDEJTIAL
(5) Rabies -- Rabies is widespread in the Philippines. Thousands of
doge are infected and are reported as the source of an estimated 300 human cases
occurring each year. Only about 50 cases in dogs' are cant/reed annually, indicating
a serious, lack of attention to this disease. Currently the 11. 8. military veterinary
authorities are collaborating with the Philippine veterinary diar.nostic laboratories,
partly in an effort to stimulate interest in the orcanization of more effective
control measures. Vaccination of dogs in infected areas is practiced but veterinary
authorities .it only a small percentage are immunized because of shortage of
vaccines. Both phenolised and avianized vaccines are used, but there is no satis-
factory explanation for the inexcusable shortage in supply. Other control =azure*,
? _ 26/E/22/
including quarantine of suspected animals, are weak end ineffective.
(6) Dag cholera liog cholera continues to be the major disease
retarding development of the swine industry. tis many as half a million pigs are
. -
vaccinated annually, but the disease continues to take heavy toll among unvaccinated
2/2-2/22/
pigs and those not effectively immunized.
(7) Newcastle diSaese--- Newcestle disease in the post widespread and
destructive poultry disease in the Philippines. A local virus ;Amin is used for
production of an attenuated embryonized vaccine to protect non-Infected or unexposed
flocks. The Nukteswar (Indian) etrnin is wed for vaccines in birds exposed to more
virulent infections.
B. Other important diseases -- Other diseases of Philippine livestock are
foot-and-mouth disease, glanders,. tetanus, Owl cholera, fowl pox, avian lenkosis,
and a hoot of serious parasitic inteetatioss in all classes of eninals. Brucellosie
and tuberculosis are known to occur but investigations repreacnting only insignificant
?..DENTIAL
'
Declassified in in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
numbers of animals have been attempted. Moth diseases are probably more Comeau
than veterinary authorities calculate. /mptoapirosis and salmonellosis have been
reported in salasle but there is little evidence of the extent of these infections
V2LEV
or significance of animal infections in human health problems.'
D. Veterinary organisation and administration
1. Civilian ?
a. Veterinary organisation ..- Philippine national veterinary services'
are directed by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Natural Resources. Responsibilities include veterinary research* regulatory and
disease control measures* including meat and dairy farm inspections poultry
production and livestock production. Research aotivities are divided in six
sections under the 'Research Administration: (1) Bacterialoarandlirology*
(2) Parasitology and Protosoology* (3) Itersiology and Biochemistry* (4) Anima'
Oenetics and Artificial insemination* (5) Animal Nutrition* and (6) Animal Products
? The Bureau of Animal Industry participates in the public health programs by
carrying out brucellosis and tuberculosis .testing* rabies veccination and meat
inspection* as well as dairy farm inspection. Milk pasteurization is under direction
of health authorities. *Ile the national veterinary services are organised under
Strong central control and are provided with adequate legal support* ehortage of
well strained personnel* lack of transport facilities* and periodic failure by the
government to provide operational funds* curtails the performance of routine tasks
and severely restricts the quality of research and disease investigation activities..
Field servicesrunder the Regulatory and Disease Control Sectionl-are eeriouely
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENSTAL
understaffed in Outlying areas, and matcriel support is often delayed or neglected.
Busman% services, particularly thou units concerned in preparation of veterinary
supplies, are often unable to meet the requirmsents for field animal diseate programa.
Let quarantine services are reiponsible for allowing at least :two recent outbreaks of
serious diseases and inter4sland.or interprovincial regulatory measures have not
been effective in preventim the dissemination of the serious indigenous diseases.
Municipal meat and dairy inspection serviies, under direction of the Regulatory and
Disease Control Section, are generally streory, if performed at all, in about 350
of slightly over 1,600 cities and municipalities*,
A large share of the Bureau's annual budget is dissipated in impractima
livestock breeding schemes and inefficient artificial insemination programa. .
Provincial Stock Farms, Breeding Stations and Regional Diagnostic and Treatment
Centers have been established under direction of the Bureau of Animal Industry.
These serve as distribution pants for veterinary supplies and, in addition to
performing routine diagnoses, forward specimens to the central laboratories in
Manila forum.. detailed analyses as required.
Practically all of the approximate 300 veterinarians in the Philippines are
employed by the Bummer Animal Industry. Coly few are engaged in activities
commonly associated with putalo health, but a large number of veterinary assistants
are trained for food inspection work under veterinary supervision.
Specific *mounts of appropriated funds for veterinary services are not available.-
However, there has been a gradual increase in regular and special project funds in
post-World War II years, and additional financial support has been made available
through the United States Operation Mission -Particularly for improved .breeding
programs.
L IDEN T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
b. Legal contras
(1) Licensure A license obtained by passing the exanination of the
Board of Veterinary Examiners is required for veterinary eiployment or practice in
the Philippines. Section 2749 of Legislative Act 3711 established this Board and
explains its responsibilities.
. ?
piablished from time to time under authority of Legislative Act 3711 of 1949, and
1.9./
? (2) euarantine -- Administrative orders of the Bureau of Animal Industry,
amendments, eat forthrepirementslor the import of animals and animal products
2/22/3.2./
into the Philippines.
(3) Inepection Veterinary inspection of neat and ncet food handling is
defined in the Bureau of Animal Induetry hininistrative ()ricrac). 9 of 1954, and
applies to all installations concerned in processing or distribution of meat for human
food. Lhile the atter itself provides for acceptable inspection procedures, many of
the slaughterhouses and markets *re not supervised and many of these under official
inspection are lerlyeerviced by inadequately trained personnel. An administrative
order governing the preparatibn, sale, traffic, shipment and importation of animal
bioloeics is in force: There is little evidence of regular investigation or serious
2/19/21
control over such products.
0. Professional veterinary organisation ? The Philippine Veterinary Medical
Association is incorporated at Officially required by the Philippine government. The
Association holde antual conventions, and through committLes aceks to protect the
interest of the profession and stimulate ethical conduct of its methers.-
Veterinary research -- Veterinary research is conducted at the Veterinary
College, University of the Philippines, Quezon City (14-38N - 121-00 E), and at the
COLzIDEUTIAL
.9.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDENTIAL
at the Etreau of Animal Industry laboratories, Pandacen, Manila (14..361 - 14.404,
Research, devoted principally to the indigenous diseases and mosaic infestations,
is generally superficial. Lack of veil qualified veterinary research personnel and
inadequate -financial support restrict high quality resoarch.
f.EMergency veterinary services Veterinary authorities participate in
the plans of the Rational Civil Defense Administration. The experience of a
dew-stated livestock population during Wad WO /I has nada veterinary authorities.
.aware of the need for erganiged emergency veterinary bervices to protect the
48,000,000 animals in event of future dieastereY
-2. Military veterinary organisation -- The Ara Veterinary Services of the
. Philippines is staffed by Only six 'veterinarians. Responsibilities include food
inspection, health care and limited training.of grey dogs end cavalry horseS.
Veterinary authorities recognise the inadequacy of this forte, particniatly if
2..9/
reactivation of the grey reserves occurs.
E. Veterinary manpower
The Philippine veterinary terse is qualitatively and quantitatively weak in
relation to livestock population. Although the government assigns veterinarians to
regional field posts, many conmunities and insular areas are without veterinary
services. While more veterinarians are needed to provide reasonably adequate anima
health care and veterinary public health requirements, it is doubtful if the govern-
ment could absorb a significantly !wrested force in a abort time. 'The logical
immediate improvement in veterinary services needs to be directed towards providing
facilities and material for the existing staff and stimulating incentive for acre
efficient work.
CONFIDENTIAL
40- ?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
CONFIDEMITAt
In, 1956, 267 grathat.
Government animal and public
Teaching
Private practice
Armed Forces
Other pursruits
SO
Total
the fallowing ectivitiess
39
10
6
69
Z57
The Veterinary College of the tiYereity of the Philippines is the
inary educational institution in the country. A r.cent3y coma ted well estgned
physical plant, built irith assistance of 'United States funds, is poorly maintained.
ter-
Faculty aerobe often pursue outside ac
Clinic and liboratory facilities are po
College librsz7ie small, and there is a
text* and curtnt scientificic
Philippines, but several faculty ibe?
Industry have comPleted advanced tr
ioteritary? facilities
In addition to the Bureau of
five Regional Diagnoetic established in order to -
expedite diagnoeia: and Improve located in
Ben Fernando,' La-Onion, age, Camarines Sur; Zamboango Tlo City; Davao City-,
utilised
leg
nt discipline is lax
research is mediocre. The
quisition of
k is tempted in the
Bureau of Animal
loyees of
19/
ZY.1.31
Eight stook farms, 25 breeding stations and 9 poultry
Philippines also a
station is 14cated near
*one degree.** veterinary centers DA.0
three in Luzon, naves aM Mindanao
One of . he greatest obstacles in the ere-
bout the
an, and
have bEen proposed.
.zation of the various
eovernment Yeternar7 centers is the lack of transport facilities, particularly in
2/22/
the outlyingareas.
CONVIDVNT r,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
rDeclassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
0. Veterinary supplies and materials
The Bureau of Animal Industry leborabories and one private firm produce most of
the veterinary biologicals used in the Philippines. The private firm, Araneta
Institute of Agriculture* Manila* which also manufactures human.biologicals* produces
only a limited amount of avian diseases vaccines. The production of most biolozicals
by the Etreau laboratories is generally adequate for the limited doses applied in
the field but periodic ehortages do occur. An unexplained shortage of rabies vaccines
:occurs regularly. A, few biologicals* such as hog cholera serum and foot-andomou'th
disease vaccine* are procured abroad since the import cost ill less than the cost for
local production. Moat pharmaceuticals* or at least the raw materials* are imported.
The bulk of veterinary medicaments and materials are distributed through the
veterinary field services at fess established by Administrative Order No. 11 of the
y 2// 2J
Bureau of Animal Induatry.
H. Reference data -- Net included in this report.
I. Comments on principal sources
1. Evaluation -- Adequate current source material was readily available for all
sections of this report. The Philippine journal of Animal Industry and the Silver
Jubilee edition of the Bureau of Animal. Industry provided bead data* supplemented'
and brought pp to date by reports and papers presented at the Fourth Joint no/on
Far East Meeting on Animal Health held in Manila* December 1959* and the Report on
the First Regional Seminar on Veterinary Public Health held in Tokyo* foril 1959.
Gape in the report on the statistical incidence of animal diseases are the recult of
the failure of. the veterinary services to conduct significant disease investigations.
Declassified in in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
rDeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
,
2. Liet of sources (in order of importance).
1. United Nationa, Food and Agriculture Orpanization. Report of the Fourth
FA4/0/E Far East Meetims on Animal Health 7-22 December 1955. R.
January 1960. (Unclassified)
2. Department of Agriculture and Naturia Resources,Bureau of Animal
Industry. Silver Jubilee 1930-1955. ilanila. 955. (Unclaeoified)
3. f2h0 Journal of Animal Ind
Tle Depart= o Ag ure
(Uholaosifiel) .
h. United Rations, "orld Health Organisation. Report on the First Refional
Seminar on Veterinary Public litalth. Tokyo. April 20 - Hay 1, 1959.
(Unclassified)
5. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Draft Report of the
FAO Meeting on Hemorrhagic Septicaeida1 Manilas Philippinea 30 ?vembcr
December 192. Rome. 1959. (Unclassified)
Vol. 17, non. 1,4.
ur aesources. Manila. 1958.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Figure la Organization of Veterinary Services 9 Philippines - 19590
Administration
Budget and Finances
Personnel
Property
Records
Collections et Dis-
bursements
General Services
Livestock Production
Field Stations
Livestock Develop-
ment Services
Bureau
of
Animal Industries
(Director)
ilsistant Director
Rcsearch
(Administrator)
Bibliographical Research
Laboratory Services
...?????????????WOMMOIL
Poultry Production
Poultry Improvement
Poultry Stations.
Poultry Demonstra-
tion Centers
Regulatory & Control
Animal osarantine
Immunization & Treat-
ment
Meat & Dairy Farm In
Bacteriology
and
Virology
Sources s 9 10/ 33/
Parasitology
and
Protozoology
Physiology
and
Biochemistry.
Animal Genetics
and Artificial
Insemination
Animal Nutrition:,
Forare Production
Pasture Improve-
ment
Animal Product
Utilization
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
MASTER ii/BLICORAPE/
1. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation. Report of the Fourth Joint
,7A0/013 Far Bah Meetings on Animal Health 7-12 December 1959. Rome.
January 1960. (Declassified)
2. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation. ETA!' Report No. 924. Raport
to the Government of the Philippines on the Establishment and Development of a
' Dairy Industry., Rome. 390. (Unclassified)
3. United Nations, Food And Agriculture Organisation/office of International Epizootics.
!'AQ/OU Animal Health YearboOk 1958. Rome. 1959. (Unclassified)
4. United Nations, *mid Health Organisation. Technical Report Series No. 169. Joint
WRO/PAO Expert Cozeittee on Zoonoses. Second Report. Geneva. 1959. (Unclassified)
5. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Oreanisation. Joint FAO/WHO EXpert Committee
on Brucellosis. Third Report. Hems. .1958. (Unclassified)
6. Unitedittions, Food end Agriculture Organization. Rvort of the FAO Meeting on
Livestock Production .under Tro cal. and Sab.et cal Conditions 22 to 27 A 'tat 1955.
7. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organisation. Prospects for Agricultural.
Development in the Far East, Rome. 1953. (Unclassified)
8. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Aricultur. in Asia and the
Far Fast. Development and Outlook. Home. totober(Unolauifiedj
9. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Inimal Industry.
Silver Jubilee 193061955. Manila. 1955.. (Unclassified)
10. ? The Philippine Journal of Animal Industry. Vol: 17, nos. 1-4.. The
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Manila. 1958. (Unclassified)
11. ? The U. P. Veterinarian. Nos. 14. -College of Veterinary Medicine,
University a- the Philippines. -..uezen City. 1959. (Unclassified) ,
12. ? '? The Philippine Journal of Science. Vol. S6, no, 3. Institute of
IGNEratid feohnology. Manila. September 1957. (Unclassified)
11. ' ? The Philippine Agriculturist. Various issues. College of Agriculture
46a Central Experiment Station, University of the Philippines. Laguna.
19574959. (Unclassified)
14. ? Agricultural Information Newsletter. (bi-monthly). Various issues.
Agricultural Information Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Manila.
1956-1957. (Unclassified) _
15. ? The Philippine Extension Worker. Vol. 4. Bureau of Agricultural
tension. Quezon . 1959. (Unclassified)
16. Coronal, Anacleto IL art on Foot-and-Month Disease in the Ph1lij nee.
Manila. Decether 1959. se
17. Coronel, Anaeleto,13. A rt on Rit_hili . Manila.
DocrAztor 1959. (Unclesa
18. Coronel, Anacleto B. Epidemiology of the Recent Rinderpest Infection in the
Philiptiines. Manila. U564. (Unclassified)
19. Iutuc, L. M. "A Brief History and Epidemiology of Sarre, with Especial Reference
to the Philippines." Prote;. s of the hth Pacific Science 0.;rese.. Vol.. IV B.
National Research Connie o 73blyp e, 3. vereity or t PA PP
Quezon City. 1958. (Declassified)
was.
CONFIDENTIAL
ADeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2 -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2
' 1DENT'. Lir
20. Ittues L. M. "Arthropod-ivrne Parasites of the Domestic Animals in the Phi1ippinN
Proceedings of the Eighth Pacific Science Cm:cress. Vol. III National Reefarch
Council of the Philippines* University of the Philippines. Cueson City. 1956.
(Uhclassified)
21. Depertasent of Apiculture and Commerce, Bureau of Animal xeluetry. Rules and
= Regulations Governinr Meat Inspection in the Phili pines Administrative Order
1939. ( Amendments to1954). Neale.
22. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources* Bureau of Animal Industry.
Animal Industry Administrative order Number I, 1947. Revised 1949 (PinendmentsW
1M). Manila. 1959. (unclassified)
23. Department of Arricniture and Cormerce, Bureau of tnimal Industry. Aiministratns
Order NO. 5. Miles and Woilations Governing the Handling of Dangerous and
Comemmicable Anima Diseases. 1951 4menaments to 1959L Neale. 1959.
(Uholassified)
24.
Information Rels
gentle. Octoberass
to Animal Disease Control in the Philippines.
9
25. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Foreign Agricultural Service deport No. AGR 54.
"Philippinest Annual Livestock Report." Manila. February 29* 1960. (Untlassift)
26. U. S. Departmeat of Health* Yducation* and Welfare. Public Health Service.
"Veterinary Pnblic Health Problems in the Far and Middle East 4- The Philippines,
Reties." Veterinary Pullin Health Newsletter, Goeigumicable Disease Center.
Atlanta, Georgie. 4p1y 15,1959. Aunclassikied)
27. United Mations, 'e!orld Health Organization. aeport on the First Rkgional Serd.nar
on Veterinary Pu!Jlio Health. Tokyo. fipril id -May14 1959. (UnclaseifiJT---
23. ? The Norld of Learning 1953/59. 9th edition. lAtropa Puaications Ltd.,
remdon. 1959. Mc:Lewd:tied)
29. of Rittoation. Wandbook of Fdacational Organization and
Statistics. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
'Paris. 3455. (Unclassified).
30.
31.
32.
33.
. International Handbook of Universities. International Association
Universities. Paris. 1959. (Unclassified)
U.S. Foreirn Opt-rations Administration. Project Proposal and i-pprvval Summary NO.
92-13-043. 'Fbilippinest Livestock Improvement." la-hinFton, D. C. 1955.
(Unclassified)
U.S. Foreign Operations Administratlon, Project Proposal and ,ppro',.al Jummary No,
92-13-036. "Philippines: Live:Aock Disease Control." Washington* D. C. 1952.
(Unclassified)
Personal communications Ath Philippine Veterinary Authorities* and observations
during Joint FAQ/01E Far .ast Meeting on Antral Health. Manila, December 1959.
(Unclassified)
34. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Ozganizatin. Draft Report of the FAO Mertin?
on Haemorrhaeic Septicaemia, Manilak Philippinesi 3d 7R37070-73 Deccia'tcx-1959.
Rome. 1559. (Unclaseifiei/
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/09/25: CIA-RDP80R01426R009800120021-2